Capable of simulate diffusing and reacting particles with realistic dimensions, and incorporating stochasticity and spatial dependence in a three-dimensional continuous environment.
All the generated results from various scenarios were validated against theoretical data by expert biologists. This implies being able to perform simulations taking into account basic biophysical and biochemical paradigms.
MASON is a fast discrete-event multiagent simulation library core in Java, designed to be the foundation for large custom-purpose Java simulations.
Agent-based modelling is being used to represent biological systems with increasing frequency and success. This paper presents the implementation of a new tool for biomolecular reaction modelling in the open source Multiagent Simulator of Neighborhoods framework.The rationale behind this new tool is the necessity to describe interactions at the molecular level to be able to grasp emergent and meaningful biological behaviour. We are particularly interested in characterising and quantifying the various effects that facilitate biocatalysis. Enzymes may display high specificity for their substrates and this information is crucial to the engineering and optimisation of bioprocesses.
Simulation results demonstrate that molecule distributions, reaction rate parameters, and structural parameters can be adjusted separately in the simulation allowing a comprehensive study of individual effects in the context of realistic cell environments. While higher percentage of collisions with occurrence of reaction increases the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate, a faster reaction (i.e., turnover number) leads to a smaller number of time steps. Slower diffusion rates and molecular crowding (physical hurdles) decrease the collision rate of reactants, hence reducing the reaction rate, as expected. Also, the random distribution of molecules affects the results significantly.
Recent computational methodologies, such as individual-based modelling, pave the way to the search for explanatory insight into the collective behaviour of molecules. Many reviews offer an up-to-date perspective about such methodologies, but little is discussed about the practical information requirements involved. The biological information used as input should be easily and routinely determined in the laboratory, publicly available and, preferably, organized in programmatically accessible databases.
This review is the first to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of available resources for the modelling of metabolic events at the molecular scale. The glycolysis pathway of Escherichia coli , which is one of the most studied pathways in Microbiology, serves as case study. This curation addressed structural information about E. coli (i.e. defining the simulation environment), the reactions forming the glycolysis pathway including the enzymes and the metabolites (i.e. the molecules to be represented), the kinetics of each reaction (i.e. behavioural logic of the molecules) and diffusion parameters for all enzymes and metabolites (i.e. molecule movement in the environment).
Furthermore, the interpretation of relevant biological features, such as molecular diffusion and enzyme kinetics, and the connection of experimental determination and simulation validation are detailed. Notably, the information from classical theories, such as enzymatic rates and diffusion coefficients, is translated to simulation parameters, such as collision efficiency and particle velocity.
This work presents a molecular-scale agent-based model for the simulation of enzymatic reactions at experimentally measured concentrations. The model incorporates stochasticity and spatial dependence, using diffusing and reacting particles with physical dimensions. We developed strategies to adjust and validate the enzymatic rates and diffusion coefficients to the information required by the computational agents, i.e., collision efficiency, interaction logic between agents, the time scale associated with interactions (e.g., kinetics), and agent velocity. Also, we tested the impact of molecular location (a source of biological noise) in the speed at which the reactions take place.
Simulations were conducted for experimental data on the 2-hydroxymuconate tautomerase (EC <IP_ADDRESS>, UniProt ID Q01468) and the Steroid Delta-isomerase (EC <IP_ADDRESS>, UniProt ID P07445). Obtained results demonstrate that our approach is in accordance to existing experimental data and long-term biophysical and biochemical assumptions.
Agent-based simulations are increasingly popular in exploring and understanding cellular systems, but the natural complexity of these systems and the desire to grasp different modelling levels demand cost-effective simulation strategies and tools.
In this context, the present paper introduces novel sequential and distributed approaches for the three-dimensional agent-based simulation of individual molecules in cellular events. These approaches are able to describe the dimensions and position of the molecules with high accuracy and thus, study the critical effect of spatial distribution on cellular events. Moreover, two of the approaches allow multi-thread high performance simulations, distributing the three-dimensional model in a platform independent and computationally efficient way.
Evaluation addressed the reproduction of molecular scenarios and different scalability aspects of agent creation and agent interaction. The three approaches simulate common biophysical and biochemical laws faithfully. The distributed approaches show improved performance when dealing with large agent populations while the sequential approach is better suited for small to medium size agent populations.
Evaluation addressed the reproduction of molecular scenarios and different scalability aspects of agent creation and agent interaction. The three approaches simulate common biophysical and biochemical laws faithfully. The distributed approaches show improved performance when dealing with large agent populations while the sequential approach is better suited for small to medium size agent populations.
Experimental incapacity to track microbe-microbe interactions in structures like biofilms, and the complexity inherent to the mathematical modelling of those interactions, raises the need for feasible, alternative modelling approaches.
This work proposes an agent-based representation of the diffusion of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) in a multicellular environment formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Depending on the spatial location, C. albicans cells were variably exposed to AHLs, an observation that might help explain why phenotypic switching of individual cells in biofilms occurred at different time points. The simulation and algebraic results were similar for simpler scenarios, although some statistical differences could be observed (p < 0.05).
The model was also successfully applied to a more complex scenario representing a small multicellular environment containing C. albicans and P. aeruginosa cells encased in a 3-D matrix. Further development of this model may help create a predictive tool to depict biofilm heterogeneity at the single-cell level.
Agent-Based Spatiotemporal Simulation of Biomolecular Systems within the Open Source MASON Framework
Gael Pérez-Rodríguez, Martín Pérez-Pérez, Daniel Glez-Peña, Florentino Fdez-Riverola, Nuno F. Azevedo, and Anália Lourenço, “Agent-Based Spatiotemporal Simulation of Biomolecular Systems within the Open Source MASON Framework,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2015, Article ID 769471, 12 pages, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/769471.
Computational resources and strategies to construct single-molecule metabolic models of microbial cells
Denise Gameiro, Martín Pérez-Pérez, Gael Pérez-Rodríguez, Gonçalo Monteiro, Nuno F. Azevedo, Anália Lourenço; Computational resources and strategies to construct single-molecule metabolic models of microbial cells, Briefings in Bioinformatics, Volume 17, Issue 5, 1 September 2016, Pages 863–876, https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbv096
Modelling Biological Noise in Microbial Cells: Single Particular Simulation of Molecular Diffusion and Enzyme Kinetics
Lourenço A, Gameiro D, Perez Perez M, Perez Rodriguez G, Monteiro G, Fdez-Riverola F, Azevedo NF. Modelling Biological Noise in Microbial Cells: Single Particular Simulation of Molecular Diffusion and Enzyme Kinetics. 17th EMBL PhD Symp Heidelberg; 2015. p. 34.
Variable spatial molecular location as source of biological noise
Azevedo NF, Perez Rodriguez G, Gameiro D, Perez Perez M, Lourenço A. Variable spatial molecular location as source of biological noise. Individ Microbe Single-cell Anal Agent-based Model Whasington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 2016. p. 18.
Single Molecule Simulation of Diffusion and Enzyme Kinetics
Single Molecule Simulation of Diffusion and Enzyme Kinetics Gael Pérez-Rodríguez, Denise Gameiro, Martín Pérez-Pérez, Anália Lourenço, and Nuno F. Azevedo The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2016 120 (16), 3809-3820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12544
High performance computing for three-dimensional agent-based molecular models
G. Pérez-Rodríguez, M. Pérez-Pérez, F. Fdez-Riverola, A. Lourenço, High performance computing for three-dimensional agent-based molecular models, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, Volume 68, 2016, Pages 68-77, ISSN 1093-3263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.06.001.
Agent-based model of diffusion of N-acyl homoserine lactones in a multicellular environment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans
Gael Pérez-Rodríguez, Sónia Dias, Martín Pérez-Pérez, Florentino Fdez-Riverola, Nuno F. Azevedo & Anália Lourenço (2018) Agent-based model of diffusion of N-acyl homoserine lactones in a multicellular environment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, Biofouling, 34:3, 335-345, DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1440392
Application of agent-based modelling to assess single-molecule transport across the cell envelope of E. coli
P. Maia, G. Pérez-Rodríguez, M. Pérez-Pérez, F. Fdez-Riverola, A. Lourenço, N.F. Azevedo, Application of agent-based modelling to assess single-molecule transport across the cell envelope of E. coli, Comput. Biol. Med. (2019). doi:10.1016/J.COMPBIOMED.2019.02.020.
Since 2015
Since 2015
Since 2018
Since 2018
Department of Computer Science, University of Vigo ESEI - Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática (Edificio politécnico) Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n 32004 Ourense, Spain


--- layout: post title: "Day 36 - Bar Brothers Workout" subtitle: "Soon the 40th day since the beginning of the diet, if I managed to drop 7KG since I started, then it is interesting how much I will consider 40 days ood ie on the eighties since I started, and bodybuilding is equally important." date: 2019-11-26 background: '/img/posts/intro-barbrothers.png' ---
Losing a pound without doing a workout, for me, is a success, it means my body has become accustomed to a certain status, which means I lose weight every moment, even if I don't exercise, it's important to remember that you still need to do at least 3 times a week.
Today I ate goose with tuna and drank lots of tea. I also had an apple with yogurt and in the evening I will make training harder than yesterday. Hopefully in the morning we will see a significant improvement again, I want to reach 90 KG but it is not really feasible for the coming weekend. But I'm sure I'll reach that weight in two weeks.
Good night.


--- layout: post tags: [Software Design] date: 2009-02-22 20:45:36 UTC title: "Updating Detached Entities With LINQ To Entities" --- {% include JB/setup %}
When working with the ObjectContext in LINQ To Entities, a lot of operations are easily performed as long as you work with the same ObjectContext instance: You can retrieve entities from storage by selecting them; update or delete these entities and create new entities, and the ObjectContext will keep track of all this for you, so the changes are correctly applied to the store when you call SaveChanges.
This is all well and good, but not particularly useful when you start working with layered applications. In this case, LINQ To Entities is just a persistence technology that you (or someone else) decided to use to implement the Data Access Layer. A few years ago, I tended to implement my Data Access Components in straight ADO.NET; and a lot of people prefer NHibernate or similar tools - but I digress…
When LINQ To Entities is just an implementation detail of a service, lifetime management becomes important, so it is commonly recommended that any ObjectContext instance is instantiated when needed and disposed immediately after use.
This means that you will have a lot of detached entities in your system. Entities are likely to be returned to the calling code as interface, and when updating, a client will simply pass a reference to some implementation of that interface.
public void CompleteAtSource(IRecord record)
Since we should always follow the Liskov Substitution Principle, we should not even try to cast the interface to an entity. Instead, we must populate a new instance of the entity in question with the correct data and save it.
That's not hard, but since we are creating a new instance of an entity that represents data that is already in the database, we must attach it to the ObjectContext so that it can start tracking it again.
Now we are getting to the heat of the matter, because this is done with the AttachTo method, which is woefully inadequately documented.
At first, I couldn't get it to work, and it wasn't very apparent to me what I did wrong, so although the answer is very simple, this post might save you a bit of time.
This was my first attempt:
using (MessageEntities store = new MessageEntities(this.connectionString)) { Message m = new Message(); m.Id = record.Id; m.InputReference = record.InputReference; m.State = 2; m.Text = record.Text; store.AttachTo("Messages", m); store.SaveChanges(); }
I find this approach very intuitive: Build the entity from the input parameter's data, attach it to the store and save the changes. Unfortunately, this approach is wrong.
What happens is that when you invoke AttachTo, the state of the entity becomes Unchanged, and thus, not updated.
The solution is so simple that I'm surprised it took me so long to arrive at it: Simply call AttachTo right after setting the Id property:
using (MessageEntities store = new MessageEntities(this.connectionString)) { Message m = new Message(); m.Id = record.Id; store.AttachTo("Messages", m); m.InputReference = record.InputReference; m.State = 2; m.Text = record.Text; store.SaveChanges(); }
You can't invoke AttachTo before adding the Id, since this method requires that the entity has a populated EntityKey before it can be attached, but as soon as you begin updating properties after the call to AttachTo, the entity's state changes to Modified, and SaveChanges now updates the data in the database.
That you have to follow this specific sequence when re-attaching data to the ObjectContext is poorly documented and not enforced by the API, so I thought I'd share this in case it would save someone else a bit of time.
Comments


Outputs deterministic pseudorandom values from a normal distribution.
tf.compat.v1.random.stateless_normal
tf.compat.v2.random.stateless_normal
tf.random.stateless_normal( shape, seed, mean=0.0, stddev=1.0, dtype=tf.dtypes.float32, name=None )
This is a stateless version of tf.random.normal
: if run twice with the
same seeds, it will produce the same pseudorandom numbers. The output is
consistent across multiple runs on the same hardware (and between CPU
and GPU), but may change between versions of TensorFlow or on non-CPU/GPU
hardware.
shape
: A 1-D integer Tensor or Python array. The shape of the output tensor.seed
: A shape [2] integer Tensor of seeds to the random number generator.mean
: A 0-D Tensor or Python value of type dtype
. The mean of the normal
distribution.stddev
: A 0-D Tensor or Python value of type dtype
. The standard deviation
of the normal distribution.dtype
: The type of the output.name
: A name for the operation (optional).A tensor of the specified shape filled with random normal values.


title: ADT Hack headline: ADT SafeWatch 3000 + New Baby = Stop The Beeping! author: Anthony Virtuoso date: 16-08-2016 {% extends "post.html" %} {% block body %} {% filter markdown %}
My wife and I had our first child, Luca, about 7 months ago now. One thing we recently realized is that the intructions ADT had given us to arm our home security system **without** the annoying count down beeps really didn't work. While it did silence the annoying start up beeps, it also silently disabled all but a few sensor types. Until I work up th courage to abandon ADT for a company that has actually invested in its offerings, I'll have to live with their crummy customer service. But... I don't have to live with choosing between using all the alarm's sensors and not waking up our baby. So, a few snips and a couple wire connectors and I've added a hard switch to silence the keypad right before we arm the panel at night. This allows us to arm the system in any mode we please without the baby rousing 'Beep....Beep...Armed Away' that ADT forces upon us all as a way to minimize false alarms. In fact, you'll be interested to know that most ADT panels do **not** dial their monitoring center until the Alarm has been sounding for 60 seconds! This is yet another strategy for reducing false positives but its not something they really advertise. I've tested it and generally up to ~60 seconds before the panel dials out. If you disable the alarm before that, no one gets notified. Ok, so here are some images of the modification. ##Step 1 - Open The Panel There are likely two slots at the botton or top of your panel that will allow it to unhinge from the base plate. You can insert a flat head screw driver into these slots until you hear a click. Then the face should swing away from those slots allowing you to access the internal of the panel as I've done below.


We help you create or recreate your private & personalised website to assemble your business offering on a single digital platform.
Having a social media handle for your business is indeed a necessity now! We help you create and manage your social media to improve your business performance.
In today’s world when payment transactions are also digitalized every business must be able to reach customers through digital means. Digital Business Cards are online business cards that you can share with anyone, from anywhere, at any time!
Brochures are an overview of your services/products. You might have come across some physical brochures. We provide you with digital brochures that are catchy and have the best graphics within!
Yes, you read it right. Digital posters are a means of cheap yet effective display of your business.  Yes, you read it right. Digital posters are a means of cheap yet effective display of your business.
For businesses that include countless customer interactions regarding the same product/service, automating this process helps to reduce a lot of repetitive efforts over the same thing. Chatbots are your personal assistants with the added advantage of being cheaper!
If you are looking for an application developer that provides quality as well as fits your budget, DigiVyapar is the right developer to approach to. If you are looking for an application developer that provides quality as well as fits your budget, DigiVyapar is the right developer to approach to.
It may be writing an advertisement or drafting content for your whole website, it may be creating a video or making an animation, content creation is necessary everywhere! We help you create written, video, graphic content according to your requirement!


|
Drake
|
Represents data for quadratic programming problems of the following type (1):
min. 1/2 z'Hz + f'z s.t. Az <= b
where H is symmetric and positive semidefinite.
#include <drake/solvers/fbstab/components/dense_data.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| DenseData (const Eigen::MatrixXd *H, const Eigen::VectorXd *f, const Eigen::MatrixXd *A, const Eigen::VectorXd *b) | |
| Stores the problem data and performs input validation. More... | |
| const Eigen::MatrixXd & | H () const |
| Read only accessor for the H matrix. More... | |
| const Eigen::VectorXd & | f () const |
| Read only accessor for the f vector. More... | |
| const Eigen::MatrixXd & | A () const |
| Read only accessor for the A matrix. More... | |
| const Eigen::VectorXd & | b () const |
| Read only accessor for the b vector. More... | |
| int | num_variables () const |
| int | num_constraints () const |
Does not allow copy, move, or assignment | |
| DenseData (const DenseData &)=delete | |
| DenseData & | operator= (const DenseData &)=delete |
| DenseData (DenseData &&)=delete | |
| DenseData & | operator= (DenseData &&)=delete |
Friends | |
| class | DenseVariable |
| class | DenseResidual |
| class | DenseLinearSolver |
| class | DenseFeasibility |
| DenseData | ( | const Eigen::MatrixXd * | H, |
| const Eigen::VectorXd * | f, | ||
| const Eigen::MatrixXd * | A, | ||
| const Eigen::VectorXd * | b | ||
| ) |
Stores the problem data and performs input validation.
This class assumes that the pointers to the data remain valid.
| [in] | H | Hessian matrix |
| [in] | f | Linear term |
| [in] | A | Constraint matrix |
| [in] | b | Constraint vector |
Throws a runtime exception if any of the inputs are null or if the sizes of the inputs are inconsistent.
| const Eigen::MatrixXd& A | ( | ) | const |
Read only accessor for the A matrix.
| const Eigen::VectorXd& b | ( | ) | const |
Read only accessor for the b vector.
| const Eigen::VectorXd& f | ( | ) | const |
Read only accessor for the f vector.
| const Eigen::MatrixXd& H | ( | ) | const |
Read only accessor for the H matrix.
| int num_constraints | ( | ) | const |
| int num_variables | ( | ) | const |
|
friend |
|
friend |
|
friend |
|
friend |


Completed with examples
The kit comes with some components & pre-built pages and to help you get started faster. You can change the text and images and you're good to go. More importantly, looking at them will give you a picture of what you can built with this powerful Bootstrap 4 ui kit.


Steps in Alpha Analysis
- Scale the alphas: α = Volatility × IC × Score
- Trim outliers
- Remove biases or undesirable bets (neutralization)
- Benchmark-neutralization
- Cash-neutralization
- Risk-factor-neutralization
Transaction Costs
Definition: The cost of moving from one portfolio to another
- The annualized transactions cost is the round-trip cost divided by the holding period in years
- Frequent rebalancing means high transaction costs so there is a tradeoff between expected active return, active risk, and transaction costs
Techniques for Portfolio Construction
- Screenining
- Rank stocks by alpha
- Select first X stocks
- Weight the stocks
- Stratification - a screening technique that ensures the sample is representative of the total population
- Linear programming - characterizes stocks along risk dimensions
- Quadratic programming - explicitly considers alpha, risk, and transaction costs
Dispersion
Definition: The difference between the maximum return and minimum return for separate account portfolios
- Client-driven dispersion due to different constraints
- Manager-driven dispersion: lack of attention, transaction costs, etc.


High alert activated for missing 12-y-o student
The police have activated a high alert for a 12-year-old student who has been missing for ten days.
The Spanish Town Police say Britney Boyd, who is from Beacon Hill district, St Catherine, has not been seen since November 06.
According to the police, Britney was last seen at home about 8:45 a.m. that day wearing her school uniform – white blouse and burgundy tunic.
She is of dark complexion, slim build and abou5 feet 1 inch tall.
Members of the public who have information on Britney’s whereabouts are asked to contact the Spanish Town Police at<PHONE_NUMBER>, police emergency number 119 or the nearest police station.


Eugene Unix & GNU/Linux User Group
Elasticsearch Logstash and Kibana
with Krijn Mossel from elastic.co


Hey
I am PushkarCurrently studying Computer Science & Engineering at VVCE, Mysuru.
Passionate backend developer and server administrator. Also develops Linux desktop apps, Android apps, and CLI tools.
Loves contributing to open source and helping others to learn the language of machines.
Get up every morning, imagine a future then make it happen.
My Passionate
SKILLSBackend Development
RESTful Apis
PHP
Laravel
Symfony
Javascript
jQuery
Node.js
Express
Android Development
Desktop Applications
CLI tools development
C++
Java
Python
Go
Kotlin
Linux Admin
AWS
Apache
MySQL
PostgreSQL
MongoDB
Redis
Firebase
Heroku
Algorithms & Data Structures
Git
JSON
Oauth 2.0
My Past
EXPERIENCESServer Administrator and Web Developer
Adversize Pvt. Ltd.
May, 18 - Aug, 18
Involved in:
- Desiging a suitable AWS architecture for the stack.
- Migration of whole stack to AWS.
- Using AWS DevOPs tools to automate deployment.
- Managing and maintaing AWS EC2 linux instances.
- Optimising delivery of the whole app.
Server Administrator and Web Developer
Omnia Paratus
June, 18 - Present
Involved in:
- Design and Development of the website.
- Optimising website for speedy delivery.
- Designing a suitable AWS architecture for the stack.
- Managing and maintaining AWS EC2 linux instances.
My priceless
PROJECTSGet in touch
Let's do something great together.CONTACT INFO
anandpushkar088@gmail.com


Ernesto Valverde: We should have won, given the chances
The Barcelona coach spoke after the 0-0 draw with Slavia Prague on Tuesday
by Jordi GilBarcelona coach Ernesto Valverde spoke to Movistar after the 0-0 draw with Slavia Prague in the Champions League on Tuesday. "It was not one of our best games," said the coach.
"We lost against Levante, which was not one of our best games and today wasn't either, despite the difficulty of the opponent. We should have won given the chances (we had). The last two games have not been so good, there's a lot of pressure on the team and we have to respond, that's another part of the game."
On Junior Firpo being snubbed, Valverde said: "Today I chose Sergi Roberto. Junior has played and will play (again)."


WITNESS LIST Finance Committee September 19, 2003 -10:45A HB 7 FOR: McEwen, Clark Executive Director (Texas Rural Association) AGAINST: Hartman, Eric Legislative Director (Texas Federation of Teachers), Austin, TX ON: Bass, James Director, Finance Division (TXDOT), Austin, TX Fickel, Ann Director of Legislation (Texas Classroom Teachers Association), Austin, TX Kelly, Jack Legislative Analyst (Texas State Teachers Association), Austin, TX Lederer, John Attorney (Self), Dallas, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Abel, Douglas Government Affairs Manager (Texas Medical Center), Houston, TX Battles, Linda Asst. Director/Governmental Relations (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board), Austin, TX Bowden, Mance AVP Governmental Affairs (Omni American Credit Union), Fort Worth, TX Caudill, William Attorney (Texas Medical Center), Houston, TX Metzger, Luke Advocate (Texas Public Interest Research Group), Austin, TX Moorhead, Bee Executive Director (Texas Impact) Noren, Douglas Budget and Planning Supervisor (Dept. of Public Safety) Pettijohn, Leslie Consumer Credit Commissioner (Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner), Austin, TX Pore, David Attorney (Association of Texas Professional Educators), Austin, TX Stegall, Melodie Executive Director (Credit Union Legislative Coalition), Austin, TX HB 29 ON: Lundquist, Karen Executive Director (Texas Ethics Commission), Austin, TX Scallion, Marva Manager (Legislative Budget Board), Austin, TX HB 37 Registering, but not testifying: For: Vasquez, Michael Program Manager (Texas Conference of Urban Counties)


Can someone who loves #LightningNetwork tell me why I can't use a network scanner, find a security hole, gain access to this IP, and re-route funds? If I can do enough recon on this IP, maybe get some keylogs or intercept your 2FA, a $184k payout seems worth the effort to ...


Support Landscape Studios by contributing to our GitHub page.
Pressing the "Contribute" button will take you to an off-KhanAcademy page, namely www.github.com


| I l@ve RuBoard |
This chapter starts with a nontechnical introduction to Python and then takes a quick look at ways to run Python programs. Its main goal is to get you set up to run Python code on your own machine, so you can work along with the examples and exercises in the later chapters. Along the way, we'll study the bare essentials of Python configurationójust enough to get started. You don't have to work along with the book on your own, but we strongly encourage it if possible. Even if you can't, this chapter will be useful when you do start coding on your own.
We'll also take a quick first look at Python module files here. Most of the examples you see early in the book are typed at Python's interactive interpreter command-line. Code entered this way goes away as soon as you leave Python. If you want to save your code in a file, you need to know a bit about Python modules, so module fundamentals are introduced here. We'll save most module details for a later chapter.
| I l@ve RuBoard |


To run this project, you
will need one of the following sets of hardware:
PIC24FJ256DA210
Development Board (DM240312)
And one of the following Display Boards
3.2″
QVGA Truly TFT Display Board (AC164127-4)
4.3″
WQVGA Powertip TFT Display Board (AC164127-6)
Explorer
16 (DM240001)
And one of the following PIMs
PIC24FJ128GA010
Plug-In-Module (PIM) (MA240011)
PIC24FJ256GA110
Plug-In-Module (PIM) (MA240015)
PIC24FJ256GB110 Plug-In-Module (PIM) (MA240014)
PIC24FJ256GB210 Plug-In-Module (PIM) (MA240021)
PIC24HJ128GP504 Graphics Plug-In-Module
(PIM) (MA240016-2)
dsPIC33FJ128GP804 Graphics Plug-In-Module
(PIM) (MA330019-2)
PIC32MX 100P QFP TO 100P Plug-In-Module
(PIM) (MA320001)
PIC32MX USB Plug-In-Module (PIM) (MA320002)
And the controller
Graphics
LCD Controller PICtail™ Plus
SSD1926 Board (AC164127-5)
Connected to one of the following Display Boards
3.2″
QVGA Truly TFT Display Board (AC164127-4)
4.3″
WQVGA Powertip TFT Display Board (AC164127-6)
Graphics
LCD Controller PICtail™ Plus
SSD1926 Board (AC164127-5)
And one of the following PIC32 Starter Kits
PIC32
Starter Kit (DM320001)
PIC32
USB Starter Kit II (DM320003-2)
Multimedia
Expansion Board (DM320005)
And one of the following PIC32 Starter Kits
PIC32
Starter Kit (DM320001)
PIC32
USB Starter Kit II (DM320003-2)
PIC32
Ethernet Starter Kit (DM320004)


Welcome to Treehouse
Login to Account
Sign Up
Welcome User
Welcome to Treehouse. Your Login/Sign-Up attempt was successful.
Logout
Renter Settings
Landlord Settings
Go Home


Collaborative Translator
A Collaborative tool for translating texts easily
Project Name
Optional: Set a password to this project
Text to be Translated


Want to know the filling level of the office coffee pot?? Just connect to the Coffee Pot Status Monitor and be informed!


{{define "title"}}Input the confirmation code{{end}} {{define "content"}}
Almost there! Switch back to the terminal and copy the confirmation code the command line application is displaying right now into the field below. If you got the code from anywhere else stop now. Whoever gave you the code may be trying to impersonate you.
{{if .BadCode}}


Custom Activity
This Activity matches the subscriber to an offer.
Value Tier
Type
Offer
Select an option
ALL
1
2
3
NONE
Select an option
Trigger
Token
Select an option
Free Bet
Double Trouble
Cash Back
Reload Bonus
Please review your settings.
Value Tier:
Type:
Bonus:


Week 2 Ex.1: Using the Node class, create 4 different nodes and place in them: Last name, First name, Major, Class. Link them so they go in that order. Then write code which print out the data, one piece of data per line, by starting at the first node and walking though the list.
Output:
Source Code:
//Node Class
public class Node {
private Object data;
private Node next; //Self-referential
public Node (Object obj, Node nextNode) {
data = obj;
next = nextNode;
}
public Node (Object obj) {
data = obj;
next = null;
}
public void setObject (Object obj){
data = obj;
}
public Object getObject() {
return data;
}
public void setNext (Node nextNode){
next = nextNode;
}
public Node getNext(){
return next;
}
}
//Create and Print Nodes
import java.math.*;
public class NodeTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args){
String[] information = ("Ward,Jacob,Information Systems,Sophomore").split(",");
Node lName = new Node(information[0]);
Node fName = new Node(information[1]);
Node major = new Node(information[2]);
Node classYear = new Node(information[3]);
System.out.println(lName.getObject());
System.out.println(fName.getObject());
System.out.println(major.getObject());
System.out.println(classYear.getObject());
}
}


“Not every principle essential to the effective administration of a statute can or should be cast immediately into the mold of a general rule. Some principles must await their own development, while others must be adjusted to meet particular, unforeseeable situations. In performing its important functions in these respects, therefore, an administrative agency must be equipped to act either by general rule or by individual order. To insist upon one form of action to the exclusion of the other is to exalt form over necessity. In other words, problems may arise in a case which the administrative agency could not reasonably foresee, problems which must be solved despite the absence of a relevant general rule. Or the agency may not have had sufficient experience with a particular problem to warrant rigidifying its tentative judgment into a hard and fast rule. Or the problem may be so specialized and varying in nature as to be impossible of capture within the boundaries of a general rule. In those situations, the agency must retain power to deal with the problems on a case-to-case basis if the administrative process is to be effective. There is thus a very definite place for the case by case evolution of statutory standards. And the choice made between proceeding by general rule or by individual, ad hoc litigation is one that lies primary in the informed discretion of the administrative agency.”
74. Similar observations were made by this court in PTC India v. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission31. The court stated as follows, after analysing the provisions of the Electricity Act 2003:
“49. On the above analysis of various sections of the 2003 Act, we find that the decision-making and regulation-making functions are both assigned to CERC. Law comes into existence not only through legislation but also by regulation and litigation. Laws from all three sources are binding. According to Professor Wade, “between 31 2010 (4) SCC 603 60 legislative and administrative functions we have regulatory functions”. A statutory instrument, such as a rule or regulation, emanates from the exercise of delegated legislative power which is a part of administrative process resembling enactment of law by the legislature whereas a quasi-judicial order comes from adjudication which is also a part of administrative process resembling a judicial decision by a court of law.
50. Applying the above test, price fixation exercise is really legislative in character, unless by the terms of a particular statute it is made quasi-judicial as in the case of tariff fixation under Section 62 made appealable under Section 111 of the 2003 Act, though Section 61 is an enabling provision for the framing of regulations by CERC. If one takes “tariff” as a subject-matter, one finds that under Part VII of the 2003 Act actual determination/fixation of tariff is done by the appropriate Commission under Section 62 whereas Section 61 is the enabling provision for framing of regulations containing generic propositions in accordance with which the appropriate Commission has to fix the tariff. This basic scheme equally applies to the subject- matter “trading margin” in a different statutory context as will be demonstrated by discussion hereinbelow.”
75. The NGT’s directions, though placed in the context of its adjudicatory role, have a wider ramification in the sense that its rulings constitute the appropriate norm which are to be followed by all those engaging in similar activities. Therefore, its orders, contextually in the course of adjudication, also establish and direct behaviour appropriate for future guidance. In these circumstances, given the panoply of the NGT’s powers under the NGT Act, which include considering regulatory directions issued by expert regulatory bodies under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the Biodiversity Act, 2002 it has to be held that general directions for future guidance, to avoid or prevent injury to the environment for appropriate assimilation in relevant rules, can be given by the NGT.
6176. Turning next to the question of the correctness of the general directions contained in Para 17(e) of the NGT’s order, this court has no manner of doubt that such directions were improper and not justified in the facts of this case. What the NGT had before it, was the report of the SDM and a report commissioned about the nature of the incident. Based on these limited inputs, the tribunal concluded- without any rationale and based on no scientific or technical evidence, or experts’ opinion, that development and construction should not be carried out within 100 feet of a “lowest slope i.e. incline of any hill within its territorial limits, as well as hill-tops”. The decisions of this court, including the All Dimasa Students Union case (f.n. 9); Mantri Technoze Pvt. Ltd case (f.n.3); the Hanuman Laxman Aroskar case (f.n. 4) and the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board case (f.n. 2) all show that the NGT resorted to the appointment of technical and scientific experts in the relevant field, who studied the issue, made site inspections and furnished reports. Such reports were subjected to discussion by the parties before the NGT, who were also given the opportunity of objecting to or making representations against such reports. Based on a final consideration of all these materials, and the submissions of parties before it, the NGT proceeded to issue directions. This procedure was wholly overlooked by the NGT in the present case. As a result, it is held that the said tribunal’s directions were improper and are procedurally indefensible. The directions contained in Para 17(e) are therefore set aside.
77. To consider the last issue, i.e. validity of the notification/direction issued by the state government, it is necessary to briefly outline provisions of the MRTP Act. The MRTP Act was framed and enacted for the purpose of use, planning and development in the regions (of Maharashtra). This was through the establishment of Regional Planning Boards, New Town Development Authorities and Special Planning Authorities, as the case may be, for specified “notified areas”. The Act provides for the preparation of development plans, appointment of Special 62 Planning Authorities for notified areas, and creation of new towns for designated areas by means of development authorities. The MRTP Act also enables compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes in respect of the plans and for purposes connected therewith. The Act provides for an elaborate procedure for preparation of the regional plan by a Regional Planning Board (“the board”) and development plan by any planning authority. The board has to follow the procedure contained in Chapter II(C). Section 16 provides the procedure – the regional boards have to (after necessary survey) prepare land-use maps for the region, and prepare a draft regional plan, after which they have to publish a notice about the plan in the Official Gazette, inviting objections and suggestions from any person with respect to the draft plan. The board has to refer the objections, suggestions and representations received by it to the Regional Planning Committee (“the committee” hereafter) appointed under Section 10 for consideration and report. The committee, after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the affected persons has to submit its report to the board, after which the board has to prepare the regional plan after considering the suggestions, objections and representations and the report of the committee. This is to be submitted to the State Government for approval. On approval of the plan by the State Government under Section 15, the final regional plan has to be published under Section 17.
78. Chapter III deals with the procedure for preparation of development plans by a planning authority. Section 23 provides that the planning authority should make a declaration of its intent to prepare such a plan and publish the same in the Official Gazette, inviting suggestions or objections from the public within a period of not less than sixty days from the publication of the notice in the Official Gazette. Thereafter under Section 26, the planning authority has to prepare a draft development plan, not later than two years from the date of notice published under Section 23, and publish the notice in the Official Gazette stating that the 63 development plan has been prepared, once again inviting objections or suggestions from any person with respect to the draft plan within a period of sixty days from the notice. Section 27 provides that the planning authority having regard to, and guided by the proposals made in the regional plan, shall not carry out any modification therein without prior concurrence of the Regional Planning Board. Section 28 mandates the planning authority to consider suggestions or objections received by it under Section 26(1) and provide a reasonable opportunity of being heard to any person including the representatives of the Government who may have filed any objections or suggestions, and thereafter modify or change the plan in such manner, as provided under Section 28(4). Section 29 further provides for modification of the draft development plan, which is of substantial nature. By this, a planning authority or the Town Planning Officer is required to publish a notice in the Official Gazette inviting objections and suggestions from any person with respect to the proposed modification not later than sixty days from the date of such notice. The section then requires the authority concerned to consider all objections and suggestions received by it and give a reasonable opportunity of being heard to any person including representatives of government departments who may have filed any objections or made any suggestions in respect of the draft development plan before making such modifications or changes in the draft development plan. Section 30 requires the planning authority to submit the draft plan to the State Government for approval, within twelve months from the date of publication of the notice under Section 26 that the draft plan has been prepared. Section 31 provides that the State Government may, after consulting the Director of Town Planning by notification in the Official Gazette, sanction the draft development plan submitted to it for the whole area, or separately for any part thereof, either without modification, or subject to such modifications as it may consider proper, or return the draft development plan to the planning authority for modifying the plan as it may direct, or refuse to accord sanction. It further provides that where the 64 modifications proposed to be made by the State Government are of a substantial nature, the State Government has to follow the procedure contemplated under Section 28 to give a reasonable opportunity of hearing to the objectors before finalizing the modification.
79. Section 37 confers powers on a planning authority to carry out such modification in a final development plan as will not change its character. This power could be exercised by a planning authority after publishing a notice in the Official Gazette and in such other manner as may be determined by it inviting objections and suggestions from any person with respect to the proposed modification, not later than one month from the date of such notice. This section also enjoins the planning authority to serve notice on all persons affected by the proposed modification and, after giving a hearing to any such persons, submit the proposed modification (with amendments, if any) to the State Government for sanction. Section 40 provides for appointment of a Special Planning Authority for developing certain notified areas, and Section 40(1)(c) provides that the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette appoint Bombay Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA) established under the Bombay Metropolitan Region Development Authority Act, 1974 to be the Special Planning Authority for developing any undeveloped area specified in the notification as a notified area. Section 116 then lays down that a Special Planning Authority shall have all the powers of a planning authority as provided in Chapter VII of the MRTP Act for the special purpose of acquisition of such land in the notified area either by agreement or under the Land Acquisition Act.
80. So far as plans and developments that were approved before the impugned notification was issued, this court is of the opinion that they cannot be disturbed and the right of the applicants, be they developers, builders or owners of land or plots, cannot be prejudiced or adversely affected. This is evident from a ruling of 65 this court in T. Vijayalakshmi v. Town Planning Member32. This court stated that town planning legislations (like the MRTP Act) are regulatory; and that when a development plan is in force during the proposal for its amendment, courts should not interfere with them on the assumption that the approved plan for building or development, would not be eventually permitted. It was held that:
“Whether the amendments to the said comprehensive development plan as proposed by the Authority would ultimately be accepted by the State or not is uncertain. It is yet to apply its mind. Amendments to a development plan must conform to the provisions of the Act. As noticed hereinbefore, the State has called for objection from the citizens. Ecological balance no doubt is required to be maintained and the courts while interpreting a statute should bestow serious consideration in this behalf, but ecological aspects, it is trite, are ordinarily a part of the town planning legislation. If in the legislation itself or in the statute governing the field, ecological aspects have not been taken into consideration keeping in view the future need, the State and the Authority must take the blame therefor. We must assume that these aspects of the matter were taken into consideration by the Authority and the State. But the rights of the parties cannot be intermeddled with so long as an appropriate amendment in the legislation is not brought into force.”
81. This court has ruled, that even modification to an existing development plan, under the MRTP Act, under Section 37, is in the nature of a legislative function. This court had observed under Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Promoters and Builders Assn33 speaking of Section 37 (1) that:
“4. Reading of this provision reveals that under clause (1), the Planning Authority after inviting objections and suggestions regarding the proposed amendment and after giving notice to all affected persons shall submit the proposed modification for sanction to the Government. Deliberation with the public before making the amendment is over at this stage. The Government, thereafter, under clause (2) is given absolute liberty to make or not to make necessary 32 (2006) 8 SCC 502 33 (2004) 10 SCC 796 66 inquiry before granting sanction. Again, while according sanction, the Government may do so with or without modifications. The Government could impose such conditions as it deems fit. It is also permissible for the Government to refuse the sanction. This is the true meaning of clause (2). It is difficult to uphold the contrary interpretation given by the High Court. The main limitation for the Government is made under clause (1) that no authority can propose an amendment so as to change the basic character of the development plan. The proposed amendment could only be minor within the limits of the development plan. And for such minor changes it is only normal for the Government to exercise a wide discretion, by keeping various relevant factors in mind. Again, if it is arbitrary or unreasonable the same could be challenged. It is not the case of the respondents herein that the proposed change is arbitrary or unreasonable. They challenged the same citing the reason that the Government is not empowered under the Act to make such changes to the modification.
5. Making of DCR or amendments thereof are legislative functions. Therefore, Section 37 has to be viewed as repository of legislative powers for effecting amendments to DCR. That legislative power of amending DCR is delegated to the State Government. As we have already pointed out, the true interpretation of Section 37(2) permits the State Government to make necessary modifications or put conditions while granting sanction. In Section 37(2), the legislature has not intended to provide for a public hearing before according sanction. The procedure for making such amendment is provided in Section 37. Delegated legislation cannot be questioned for violating the principles of natural justice in its making except when the statute itself provides for that requirement. Where the legislature has not chosen to provide for any notice or hearing, no one can insist upon it and it is not permissible to read natural justice into such legislative activity. Moreover, a provision for “such inquiry as it may consider necessary” by a subordinate legislating body is generally an enabling provision to facilitate the subordinate legislating body to obtain relevant information from any source and it is not intended to vest any right in anybody. (Union of India v. Cynamide India Ltd. [(1987) 2 SCC 720], SCC paras 5 and 27. See generally H.S.S.K. Niyami v.Union of India [(1990) 4 SCC 516] and Canara Bank v. Debasis Das [(2003) 4 SCC 557: 2003 SCC (L&S) 507].) While exercising legislative functions, unless unreasonableness or arbitrariness is pointed out, it is not open for the Court to interfere. (See generally 67 ONGC v. Assn. of Natural Gas Consuming Industries of Gujarat [1990 Supp SCC 397].) Therefore, the view adopted by the High Court does not appear to be correct.
82. This issue was again underscored by this court in Machavarapu Srinivasa Rao v. Vijayawada, Guntur, Tenali, Mangalagiri Urban Development Authority,34 where it was held as follows, in respect of provisions of the Andhra Pradesh (Urban Areas) Development Act, 1975:
“20. An analysis of the above-noted provisions shows that once the master plan or the zonal development plan is approved by the State Government, no one including the State Government/Development Authority can use land for any purpose other than the one specified therein. There is no provision in the Act under which the Development Authority can sanction construction of a building, etc. or use of land for a purpose other than the one specified in the master plan/zonal development plan. The power vested in the Development Authority to make modification in the development plan is also not unlimited. It cannot make important alterations in the character of the plan. Such modification can be made only by the State Government and that too after following the procedure prescribed under Section 12(3).”
83. In a decision which concerned change in development plan under the MRTP Act, this court observed that any changes in a development or master plan involve consultations and a high degree of expertise, in MIG Cricket Club v. Abhinav Sahakar Education Society35 :
“28. It is well settled that the user of the land is to be decided by the authority empowered to take such a decision and this Court in exercise of its power of judicial review would not interfere with the same unless the change in the user is found to be arbitrary. The process involves consideration of competing claims and requirements of the inhabitants in present and future so as to make their lives happy, healthy and comfortable. We are of the opinion that town planning requires high degree of expertise and that is best left to the 34 (2011) 12 SCC 154 35 (2011) 9 SCC 97 68 decision of the State Government to which the advice of the expert body is available. In the facts of the present case, we find that the power has been exercised in accordance with law and there is no arbitrariness in the same.”
84. Now, under the provisions of the MRTP Act36, regional plans and development plans have to take into account features such as soil conservation, preservation of natural features, prevention of flooding etc, while factoring planning for each city or area concerned. In turn, such regional and development plans would constitute the blueprint for local town planning authorities to grant or refuse permission to individual applicants. In these circumstances, the use of Section 154 of the MRTP Act, in the present case, in fact amounted to a modification of all plans - regional, development, etc. Such modification (by way of absolute prohibition in construction) was not preceded by any manner of public consultation, much less previous invitation of objections or consideration of the views of affected parties. It is in this background that one has to consider the argument of the state, which found favour with the High Court, that such notification was issued in public interest.
85. The unamended Section 154 of the MRTP Act read as follows:
“154 Control by the State Government (1) Every Regional Board, Planning Authority and Development Authority shall carry out such directions or instructions as may be issued from time to time by the State Government for the efficient administration of this Act.
(2) If in, or his connection with, the exercise of its powers and discharge of its functions by the Regional Board, Planning Authority or Development Authority under this Act, any dispute arises between the Regional Board, Planning Authority or Development Authority, 36 Section 14 and 22 69 and the State Government, the decision of the State Government on such dispute shall be final.”
86. Section 154 (1) was amendment by a substitution (with effect from 22.04.2015). The new provision [Section 154 (1)] reads as follows:
“154. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or the rules or regulations made thereunder, the State Government may, for implementing or bringing into effect the Central or the State Government programmes, policies or projects or for the efficient administration of this Act or in the larger public interest, issue, from time to time, such directions or instructions as may be necessary, to any Regional Board, Planning Authority or Development Authority and it shall be the duty of such authorities to carry out such directions or instructions within the time-limit, if any, specified in such directions or instructions.”
87. Directions can be issued “notwithstanding” any other provisions of the Act, “for implementing or bringing into effect the Central or the State Government programmes, policies or projects or for the efficient administration of this Act or in the larger public interest, issue, from time to time.” No doubt, the non-obstante clause has an overriding effect on other provisions of the Act. However, if one keeps in mind that the preparations of regional and development plans are in terms of specific provisions which outline detailed procedures that have to be necessarily followed, in the absence of which, time and again courts have intervened and held that such modifications (without following prescribed procedure or without prescribed consultations) are illegal, the power has to be resorted to for good and adequate reasons. The direction, impugned in the present case, on the face of it, is not premised on any central or state government programmes, policies or projects. The impugned notification reads as follows:
GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT 70 Madam Cama Road Hutatma Rajguru Chowk Mantralaya, Mumbai 4000032 Government Resolution No. TPS-1817/ANS-90/97/UD-13 dated 14 November 2017 The Development schemes are prepared for area in jurisdiction of planning authorities under the Maharashtra Regional Development and Town Planning Act, 1966. In the context of unauthorised constructions undertaken by hill cutting, at Katraj Ghat District Pune, the Hon'ble National Green Tribunal, Pune has, by order dated 19 May 2015 in Application Number 4/2014, issued orders and instructed to inform all Mahanagar Palik/Nagarpalika in the state not to give any development permission for constructions on the hilltop and 100 feet distance from the hill slopes. A provision already exists in development control regulations that no development is permissible on the hilltop and no hill slopes having a gradient of more than 1:5. Considering the order dated 19 May 2015 of the Hon'ble National Green Tribunal in exercise of powers under section 154 of the Maharashtra Regional Town Development and Town Planning Act 1966 the following the directions were issued to all planning authorities in the state:
DIRECTIONS
1. The planning authorities while preparing development plan for area in their jurisdiction or amending them in respect of undeveloped portion abutting the hills upto 100 feet should be shown as No development/Open space Reservation.
2. In the event the 100 area abutting hills, has already been developed, in that area no permission be granted for additional FSI or TDR.
3. In the event the 100 feet area abutting hills is under No Development Zone as per sanctioned Development plan, then while granting permission for Development for further 100 feet area abutting/contiguous thereto should be permitted only for non- buildable purposes such as open space, road et cetera.
In the name of and by order of the 71 Hon'ble Governor State of Maharashtra”
88. There are several authorities for the proposition that though an administrative order need not necessarily comply with principles of natural justice such as granting hearing, yet, administrative decisions or orders have to be based on some reasons. In Shri. Sitaram Sugar Mills Company v. Union of India,37 (which concerned the zoning regulations for the purpose of levy sugar under the relevant statutory order, in terms of the Essential Commodities Act), the Supreme Court held as follows:
“Power delegated by statute is limited by its terms and subordinate to its objects. The delegate must act in good faith, reasonably, intra vires the power granted, and on relevant consideration of material facts. All his decisions, whether characterised as legislative or administrative or quasi-judicial, must be in harmony with the Constitution and other laws of the land. They must be “reasonably related to the purposes of the enabling legislation”. If they are manifestly unjust or oppressive or outrageous or directed to an unauthorised end or do not tend in some degree to the accomplishment of the objects of delegation, court might well say, “Parliament never intended to give authority to make such rules; they are unreasonable ultra vires.
A repository of power acts ultra vires either when he acts in excess of his power in the narrow sense or when he abuses his power by acting in bad faith or for an inadmissible purpose or on irrelevant grounds or without regard to relevant considerations or with gross unreasonableness.”
89. In Cellular Operators Association v. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India,38this court held that subordinate regulatory legislation, can be set aside in judicial review, if they show no rationale or are arbitrary:
“62. In view of the aforesaid, it is clear that the Quality of Service Regulations and the Consumer Regulations must be read together as part of a single scheme in order to test the reasonableness thereof.37
(1990) 3 SCC 223 38 (2016) 7 SCC 703 72 The countervailing advantage to service providers by way of the allowance of 2% average call drops per month, which has been granted under the 2009 Quality of Service Regulations, could not have been ignored by the impugned Regulation so as to affect the fundamental rights of the appellants, and having been so ignored, would render the impugned Regulation manifestly arbitrary and unreasonable.
63. Secondly, no facts have been shown to us which would indicate that a particular area would be filled with call drops thanks to the fault on the part of the service providers in which consumers would be severely inconvenienced. The mere ipse dixit of the learned Attorney General, without any facts being pleaded to this effect, cannot possibly make an unconstitutional regulation constitutional. We, therefore, hold that a strict penal liability laid down on the erroneous basis that the fault is entirely with the service provider is manifestly arbitrary and unreasonable. Also, the payment of such penalty to a consumer who may himself be at fault, and which gives an unjustifiable windfall to such consumer, is also manifestly arbitrary and unreasonable. In the circumstances, it is not necessary to go into the appellants' submissions that call drops take place because of four reasons, three of which are not attributable to the fault of the service provider, which includes sealing and shutting down towers by municipal authorities over which they have no control, or whether they are attributable to only two causes, as suggested by the Attorney General, being network-related causes or user-related causes. Equally, it is not necessary to determine finally as to whether the reason for a call drop can technologically be found out and whether it is a network-related reason or a user-related reason.
XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX
66. The reason given in the Explanatory Memorandum for compensating the consumer is that the compensation given is only notional. The very notion that only notional compensation is awarded, is also entirely without basis. A consumer may well suffer a call drop after 3 or 4 seconds in a voice call. Whereas the consumer is charged only 4 or 5 paise for such dropped call, the service provider has to pay a sum of rupee one to the said consumer.
This cannot be called notional at all. It is also not clear as to why the Authority decided to limit compensation to three call drops per day or how it arrived at the figure of Re 1 to compensate inconvenience 73 caused to the consumer. It is equally unclear as to why the calling party alone is provided compensation because, according to the Explanatory Memorandum, inconvenience is suffered due to the interruption of a call, and such inconvenience is suffered both by the calling party and the person who receives the call. The receiving party can legitimately claim that his inconvenience when a call drops, is as great as that of the calling party. And the receiving party may need to make the second call, in which case he receives nothing, and the calling party receives Re 1 for the additional expense made by the receiving party. All this betrays a complete lack of intelligent care and deliberation in framing such a regulation by the Authority, rendering the impugned Regulation manifestly arbitrary and unreasonable.”
90. In the present case, the State of Maharashtra has not shown any material or file containing the reasons behind the directive of 14.11.2017. It is not in dispute that the direction was consequential to, and solely based on the directions of the NGT in Para 17(e). As noticed earlier, those directions were not based on any scientific evidence or report of any technical expert. Furthermore, even the impugned notification does not specify what constitutes “hills”, and how they can be applied in towns and communities set in undulating areas and hilly terrain. This is not only vague, but makes the directions arbitrary as they can be applied at will by the concerned authorities. More importantly, they amount to a blanket change of all regional and development plans. While such directions can be issued, if situations so warrant, such as in extraordinary or emergent circumstances, the complete absence of any reasons why the state issued them, coupled with the lack of any supporting expert report or input, renders it an arbitrary exercise. That they are based only on the NGT’s orders, only underlines the lack of any application of mind on the part of the State, while issuing them.
91. For the above reasons, we hold that the impugned judgment of the Bombay High Court cannot be sustained; it is set aside. Consequently, the 74 directions in the notification under Section 154 (dated 14.11.2017) are hereby quashed.
92. In view of the above discussions, CA 6932/2015 and CA 5971/2019 are hereby disposed of in terms of the directions in this judgment. The other appeals by special leave by third parties, against the NGT’s order, and the order of the NGT, are partly allowed in the above terms. There shall be no order on costs.
.......................................................J [ROHINTON FALI NARIMAN] .......................................................J [S. RAVINDRA BHAT] .......................................................J [V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN] New Delhi, July 14, 2020.


Use this tool to help answer the question "how much faster could I be done with my loans if I just paid an extra X dollars per month?"
Source code lives at https://github.com/rcscott/student-loan-payment-length
| Monthly Payment | Payoff Length | Final Payment Amount |
|---|---|---|
| ${{ payment.monthlyPayment }} | {{ payment.payoffYears }} years {{ payment.payoffMonths }} months | ${{ payment.finalPayment }} |


ABOUT US
FAQ
THE PIZZA CASTLE.
Anyone who says that money cannot buy happiness has clearly never spent their money on pizza.
ORDER ONLINE


--- notes: | Utilities for positioning according to the left, across breakpoints --- {{#each toolkit.scale}}


Your browser does not support the element HTML5 Canvas API. Please consider upgrading to
a newer browser
.


A personal blog website
Most of the people find recursion difficult but it’s not. Students find difficulty in learning it because of the examples that teachers and online tutorials aim to provide. So in this blog, we are going to talk about recursion with a very basic example of recursion using JavaScript. Recursion is a concept so it is language independent. If you know how to define and call a function in a language that you are using then you can pretty much go along and understand everything that I want to cover in the blog.
Simply, recursion is a concept in which a function calls itself again and again until some condition is met. A function that uses this practice and calls itself is called a recursive function. In recursion, the function calls itself with the smaller instance of itself.
We are going to create a function that takes in a number as an argument and makes a count down from it. For example: countDownFrom(3) will print 3 2 1 on the screen.
Open your web developer console on your browser by opening a browser and pressing ctrl + shift + j
and write a bare minimum function to get started with.
function countDownFrom(n) {}
The first thing that we want to do when the function start executing is to print whatever there is in n. In code, that would look something like this
function countDownFrom(n) {
console.log(n)}
So as I said, recursive function calls itself until some condition is met. They are base case and recursive case.
The base case is the case when the function stops calling itself and returns some value which stops its recurring operation. For example, in the case of a countdown, when the value of the counter is set to 1, it must exit the function. To do that we can simply return without returning anything i.e. null/undefined.
function countDownFrom(n) {
console.log(n)
if (n == 1) return}
The recursive case is the case in which the function keeps calling itself until the base case is arrived. So in the case of a countdown, if the countdown starts from 5, the function calls itself when the value of counter variable(denoted by n in our case) is 5, 4, 3 and 2 but as soon as the value is 1, it returns. Easy? Let’s write that in code.
function countDownFrom(n) {
console.log(n)
if (n == 1) return
else countDownFrom(--n)}
countDownFrom(3)
The function call at the else statement simply decreases the value of n and calls the function itself as explained in the comments in the code block.
The image below explains what’s going on.
If you look at the code the else statement is absolutely unnecessary because if the value of n is 1 it returns and if it’s not the code below executes. So, if it’s not one it will execute the codes below. So, we can refactor it as
function countDownFrom(n) {
console.log(n)
if (n == 1) return
countDownFrom(--n)
}
countDownFrom(5)
Thank you for reading the blog. Feature to subscribe on the mailing list will be coming soon so till then you can follow me on social media to get updates on the new blogs.


Class SignedRequestWriter
Used to write a Humm request as json including the relevant signature in the output.
Implements
Inherited Members
Namespace: Yort.Humm.InStore.Infrastructure
Assembly: Yort.Humm.InStore.dll
Syntax
public sealed class SignedRequestWriter : IDisposable
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceSignedRequestWriter(ISignatureGenerator)
Initializes a new instance of the SignedRequestWriter class.
Declaration
public SignedRequestWriter(ISignatureGenerator signatureGenerator)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ISignatureGenerator | signatureGenerator | The signature generator. |
Methods
| Improve this Doc View SourceDispose()
Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.
Declaration
public void Dispose()
Remarks
Will dispose the ISignatureGenerator passed into the constructor when this instance was created.
WriteRequest<T>(T)
Writes the specified request as to a string and returns the result.
Declaration
public string WriteRequest<T>(T request)
where T : class
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| T | request | The request to write. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String | A string containing the request written as json and containing the required digital signature. |
Type Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| T | The type of request to be written, must be a .Net reference type. |
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| ObjectDisposedException | Thrown if this instance is disposed. |
| ArgumentNullException | Thrown if |
See Also
| Improve this Doc View SourceWriteRequest<T>(T, Stream)
Writes the specified request to the specified stream.
Declaration
public void WriteRequest<T>(T request, [ValidatedNotNull] Stream outputStream)
where T : class
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| T | request | The request to write. |
| Stream | outputStream | The stream to write to. |
Type Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| T | The type of request to be written, must be a .Net reference type. |
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| ObjectDisposedException | Thrown if this instance is disposed. |
| ArgumentNullException | Thrown if |


Classes | |
| class | CreatorData |
| The creator of the event. Read-only. More... | |
| class | ExtendedPropertiesData |
| Extended properties of the event. More... | |
| class | GadgetData |
| A gadget that extends this event. More... | |
| class | OrganizerData |
| The organizer of the event. If the organizer is also an attendee, this is indicated with a separate entry in 'attendees' with the 'organizer' field set to True. To change the organizer, use the "move" operation. Read-only, except when importing an event. More... | |
| class | RemindersData |
| Information about the event's reminders for the authenticated user. More... | |
Properties | |
| virtual Event.CreatorData | Creator [get, set] |
| The creator of the event. Read-only. | |
| virtual Event.OrganizerData | Organizer [get, set] |
| The organizer of the event. If the organizer is also an attendee, this is indicated with a separate entry in 'attendees' with the 'organizer' field set to True. To change the organizer, use the "move" operation. Read-only, except when importing an event. | |
| virtual string | Summary [get, set] |
| Title of the event. | |
| virtual string | Id [get, set] |
| Identifier of the event. | |
| virtual string | HangoutLink [get, set] |
| An absolute link to the Google+ hangout associated with this event. Read-only. | |
| virtual System.Collections.Generic.IList < EventAttendee > | Attendees [get, set] |
| The attendees of the event. | |
| virtual string | HtmlLink [get, set] |
| An absolute link to this event in the Google Calendar Web UI. Read-only. | |
| virtual System.Collections.Generic.IList < string > | Recurrence [get, set] |
| List of RRULE, EXRULE, RDATE and EXDATE lines for a recurring event. This field is omitted for single events or instances of recurring events. | |
| virtual EventDateTime | Start [get, set] |
| virtual string | ETag [get, set] |
| ETag of the resource. | |
| virtual string | Location [get, set] |
| Geographic location of the event as free-form text. Optional. | |
| virtual string | RecurringEventId [get, set] |
| For an instance of a recurring event, this is the event ID of the recurring event itself. Immutable. | |
| virtual Event.GadgetData | Gadget [get, set] |
| A gadget that extends this event. | |
| virtual string | Status [get, set] |
| Status of the event. Optional. Possible values are: | |
| virtual string | Updated [get, set] |
| Last modification time of the event (as a RFC 3339 timestamp). Read-only. | |
| virtual string | Description [get, set] |
| Description of the event. Optional. | |
| virtual string | ICalUID [get, set] |
| Event ID in the iCalendar format. | |
| virtual Event.ExtendedPropertiesData | ExtendedProperties [get, set] |
| Extended properties of the event. | |
| virtual System.Nullable< bool > | EndTimeUnspecified [get, set] |
| Whether the end time is actually unspecified. An end time is still provided for compatibility reasons, even if this attribute is set to True. The default is False. | |
| virtual System.Nullable< long > | Sequence [get, set] |
| Sequence number as per iCalendar. | |
| virtual string | Visibility [get, set] |
| Visibility of the event. Optional. Possible values are: | |
| virtual System.Nullable< bool > | GuestsCanModify [get, set] |
| Whether attendees other than the organizer can modify the event. Optional. The default is False. | |
| virtual EventDateTime | End [get, set] |
| virtual System.Nullable< bool > | AttendeesOmitted [get, set] |
| Whether attendees may have been omitted from the event's representation. When retrieving an event, this may be due to a restriction specified by the 'maxAttendee' query parameter. When updating an event, this can be used to only update the participant's response. Optional. The default is False. | |
| virtual string | Kind [get, set] |
| Type of the resource ("calendar::event"). | |
| virtual System.Nullable< bool > | Locked [get, set] |
| Whether this is a locked event copy where no changes can be made to the main event fields "summary", "description", "location", "start", "end" or "recurrence". The default is False. Read-Only. | |
| virtual string | Created [get, set] |
| Creation time of the event (as a RFC 3339 timestamp). Read-only. | |
| virtual string | ColorId [get, set] |
| The color of the event. This is an ID referring to an entry in the "event" section of the colors definition (see the "colors" endpoint). Optional. | |
| virtual System.Nullable< bool > | AnyoneCanAddSelf [get, set] |
| Whether anyone can invite themselves to the event. Optional. The default is False. | |
| virtual Event.RemindersData | Reminders [get, set] |
| Information about the event's reminders for the authenticated user. | |
| virtual System.Nullable< bool > | GuestsCanSeeOtherGuests [get, set] |
| Whether attendees other than the organizer can see who the event's attendees are. Optional. The default is True. | |
| virtual EventDateTime | OriginalStartTime [get, set] |
| virtual System.Nullable< bool > | GuestsCanInviteOthers [get, set] |
| Whether attendees other than the organizer can invite others to the event. Optional. The default is True. | |
| virtual string | Transparency [get, set] |
| Whether the event blocks time on the calendar. Optional. Possible values are: | |
| virtual System.Nullable< bool > | PrivateCopy [get, set] |
| Whether this is a private event copy where changes are not shared with other copies on other calendars. Optional. Immutable. The default is False. |
virtual System.Nullable<bool> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.AnyoneCanAddSelf [get, set] |
Whether anyone can invite themselves to the event. Optional. The default is False.
virtual System.Collections.Generic.IList<EventAttendee> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Attendees [get, set] |
The attendees of the event.
virtual System.Nullable<bool> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.AttendeesOmitted [get, set] |
Whether attendees may have been omitted from the event's representation. When retrieving an event, this may be due to a restriction specified by the 'maxAttendee' query parameter. When updating an event, this can be used to only update the participant's response. Optional. The default is False.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.ColorId [get, set] |
The color of the event. This is an ID referring to an entry in the "event" section of the colors definition (see the "colors" endpoint). Optional.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Created [get, set] |
Creation time of the event (as a RFC 3339 timestamp). Read-only.
virtual Event.CreatorData Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Creator [get, set] |
The creator of the event. Read-only.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Description [get, set] |
Description of the event. Optional.
virtual System.Nullable<bool> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.EndTimeUnspecified [get, set] |
Whether the end time is actually unspecified. An end time is still provided for compatibility reasons, even if this attribute is set to True. The default is False.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.ETag [get, set] |
ETag of the resource.
virtual Event.ExtendedPropertiesData Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.ExtendedProperties [get, set] |
Extended properties of the event.
virtual Event.GadgetData Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Gadget [get, set] |
A gadget that extends this event.
virtual System.Nullable<bool> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.GuestsCanInviteOthers [get, set] |
Whether attendees other than the organizer can invite others to the event. Optional. The default is True.
virtual System.Nullable<bool> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.GuestsCanModify [get, set] |
Whether attendees other than the organizer can modify the event. Optional. The default is False.
virtual System.Nullable<bool> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.GuestsCanSeeOtherGuests [get, set] |
Whether attendees other than the organizer can see who the event's attendees are. Optional. The default is True.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.HangoutLink [get, set] |
An absolute link to the Google+ hangout associated with this event. Read-only.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.HtmlLink [get, set] |
An absolute link to this event in the Google Calendar Web UI. Read-only.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.ICalUID [get, set] |
Event ID in the iCalendar format.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Id [get, set] |
Identifier of the event.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Kind [get, set] |
Type of the resource ("calendar::event").
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Location [get, set] |
Geographic location of the event as free-form text. Optional.
virtual System.Nullable<bool> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Locked [get, set] |
Whether this is a locked event copy where no changes can be made to the main event fields "summary", "description", "location", "start", "end" or "recurrence". The default is False. Read-Only.
virtual Event.OrganizerData Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Organizer [get, set] |
The organizer of the event. If the organizer is also an attendee, this is indicated with a separate entry in 'attendees' with the 'organizer' field set to True. To change the organizer, use the "move" operation. Read-only, except when importing an event.
virtual System.Nullable<bool> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.PrivateCopy [get, set] |
Whether this is a private event copy where changes are not shared with other copies on other calendars. Optional. Immutable. The default is False.
virtual System.Collections.Generic.IList<string> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Recurrence [get, set] |
List of RRULE, EXRULE, RDATE and EXDATE lines for a recurring event. This field is omitted for single events or instances of recurring events.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.RecurringEventId [get, set] |
For an instance of a recurring event, this is the event ID of the recurring event itself. Immutable.
virtual Event.RemindersData Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Reminders [get, set] |
Information about the event's reminders for the authenticated user.
virtual System.Nullable<long> Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Sequence [get, set] |
Sequence number as per iCalendar.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Status [get, set] |
Status of the event. Optional. Possible values are:
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Summary [get, set] |
Title of the event.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Transparency [get, set] |
Whether the event blocks time on the calendar. Optional. Possible values are:
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Updated [get, set] |
Last modification time of the event (as a RFC 3339 timestamp). Read-only.
virtual string Google.Apis.Calendar.v3.Data.Event.Visibility [get, set] |
Visibility of the event. Optional. Possible values are:


Discover digital artifacts, exhibits and collections from museums and archives all around the world. Explore cultural treasures in extraordinary detail from hidden gems to great masterpieces. Experiment with open and protected digital cultural content and unlock your creativity!
Feedback & Contact
We cordially invite you to leave comments or feedback. Your input is valuable as it will allow us to respond to your requests and improve the E-SPACE experience. Many thanks in advance for your assistance.


API Reference¶
This reference provides detailed documentation for all modules, classes, and methods in the current release of Neurolearn. The root Neurolearn package is comprised of two modules: nltools.analysis and nltools.plotting. The analysis module contains functionality for prediction/classification, testing pattern response, and ROC analyses.
nltools.analysis
: Analysis Tools¶
NeuroLearn Analysis Tools¶
These tools provide the ability to quickly run machine-learning analyses on imaging data Author: Luke Chang License: MIT
-
nltools.analysis.
apply_mask
(data=None, weight_map=None, mask=None, method='dot_product', save_output=False, output_dir='.')¶ Apply Nifti weight map to Nifti Images.
Parameters: - data – nibabel instance of data to be applied
- weight_map – nibabel instance of weight map
- mask – binary nibabel mask
- method – type of pattern expression (e.g,. ‘dot_product’,’correlation’)
- save_output – Boolean indicating whether or not to save output to csv file.
- output_dir – Directory to use for writing all outputs
- **kwargs – Additional parameters to pass
Returns: Outputs a vector of pattern expression values
Return type: pexp
-
class
nltools.analysis.
Predict
(data, Y, subject_id=None, algorithm=None, cv_dict=None, mask=None, output_dir='.', **kwargs)¶ -
predict
(algorithm=None, cv_dict=None, save_images=True, save_output=True, save_plot=True, **kwargs)¶ Run prediction
Parameters: - algorithm – Algorithm to use for prediction. Must be one of ‘svm’, ‘svr’,
- 'logistic', 'lasso', 'ridge', 'ridgeClassifier','randomforest', (‘linear’,) –
- 'randomforestClassifier' (or) –
- cv_dict – Type of cross_validation to use. A dictionary of {‘kfold’,5} or
- {'loso' – subject_id}.
- save_images – Boolean indicating whether or not to save images to file.
- save_output – Boolean indicating whether or not to save prediction output to file.
- save_plot – Boolean indicating whether or not to create plots.
- **kwargs – Additional keyword arguments to pass to the prediction algorithm
-
set_algorithm
(algorithm, **kwargs)¶ Set the algorithm to use in subsequent prediction analyses.
Parameters: - algorithm – The prediction algorithm to use. Either a string or an (uninitialized)
- prediction object. If string, must be one of 'svm','svr', linear', (scikit-learn) –
- 'logistic','lasso','lassopcr','lassoCV','ridge','ridgeCV','ridgeClassifier', –
- or 'randomforestClassifier' (‘randomforest’,) –
- kwargs – Additional keyword arguments to pass onto the scikit-learn clustering
- object. –
-
set_cv
(cv_dict)¶ Set the CV algorithm to use in subsequent prediction analyses.
Parameters: cv_dict – Type of cross_validation to use. A dictionary of {‘kfold’,5} or {‘loso’:subject_id}.
-
-
class
nltools.analysis.
Roc
(input_values=None, binary_outcome=None, threshold_type='optimal_overall', forced_choice=False, **kwargs)¶ -
calculate
(input_values=None, binary_outcome=None, criterion_values=None, threshold_type='optimal_overall', forced_choice=False, balanced_acc=False)¶ Calculate Receiver Operating Characteristic plot (ROC) for single-interval classification.
Parameters: - input_values – nibabel data instance
- binary_outcome – vector of training labels
- criterion_values – (optional) criterion values for calculating fpr & tpr
- threshold_type – [‘optimal_overall’, ‘optimal_balanced’,’minimum_sdt_bias’]
- forced_choice – within-subject forced classification (bool). Data must be
- on top of each other (stacked) –
- balanced_acc – balanced accuracy for single-interval classification (bool)
- **kwargs – Additional keyword arguments to pass to the prediction algorithm
-
plot
(plot_method='gaussian')¶ Create ROC Plot
Create a specific kind of ROC curve plot, based on input values along a continuous distribution and a binary outcome variable (logical).
Parameters: - plot_method – type of plot [‘gaussian’,’observed’]
- binary_outcome – vector of training labels
- **kwargs – Additional keyword arguments to pass to the prediction algorithm
-
summary
()¶ Display a formatted summary of ROC analysis.
-
nltools.plotting
: Plotting Tools¶
NeuroLearn Plotting Tools¶
Numerous functions to plot data
Author: Luke Chang License: MIT
-
nltools.plotting.
dist_from_hyperplane_plot
(stats_output)¶ Plot SVM Classification Distance from Hyperplane :param stats_output: a pandas file with prediction output
Returns: Will return a seaborn plot of distance from hyperplane Return type: fig
-
nltools.plotting.
probability_plot
(stats_output)¶ Plot Classification Probability :param stats_output: a pandas file with prediction output
Returns: Will return a seaborn scatterplot Return type: fig
-
nltools.plotting.
roc_plot
(fpr, tpr)¶ Plot 1-Specificity by Sensitivity :param fpr: false positive rate from Roc.calculate :param tpr: true positive rate from Roc.calculate
Returns: Will return an ROC plot Return type: fig
-
nltools.plotting.
scatterplot
(stats_output)¶ Plot Prediction Scatterplot :param stats_output: a pandas file with prediction output
Returns: Will return a seaborn scatterplot Return type: fig
nltools.plotting
: Stats Tools¶
Various statistical helper functions
-
nltools.stats.
pearson
(x, y)¶ Correlates row vector x with each row vector in 2D array y. From neurosynth.stats.py - author: Tal Yarkoni


FILM TITLE: BASQUIAT DIRECTOR: JULIAN SCHNABEL COUNTRY: USA 1996 CINEMATOGRAPHY: RON FORTUNATO MUSIC: JOHN CALE, JULIAN SCHNABEL CAST: Jeffrey Wright, Michael Wincott, Benicio Del Toro, Clair Forlani, David Bowie, Dennis Hopper, Gary Oldman and a miriad of others SUPER FEATURES: Excellent film.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
BASQUIAT, is a perfect example of what a film maker can do, when he cares about what he is doing, rather than just making a film that is supposed to mean something. The touches, the care, the details, and the totality of this film, is what makes this so endearing and important. Never mind the artist even.
The film itself, though, is as good as it gets about the artist, and while it obviously does not approve of the artist's way, it never stops to make a judgement about his lifestyle, and here is the beauty of it all. As Jean Michel says " if I take it all out it will all become boring ... "
And this is what the film does so well. Wether the performances are close to the originals or not is another question, but it is hard to fault the attitudes that some people take here. New York does get its share of shit for art, that becomes known as "art", and although Basquiat and Warhol were not major intuitive players, they did add a certain amount of freshness and weirdness to the period that helped push the buttons, and expand the art business in that area, and eventually around the world.
But it was not new. And it was not tremendously original. Jean Michel Basquiat, did however have to offer something that others did not. He did have an artistic perception that others around him did not, not even Andy Warhol. And the film does go a bit out of its way to show that Andy Warhol is really not the artist that he was made out to be, and lacked the resolution to be the intuitive force that Basquiat DID have.
Few films stand out in the art world. Generally films like this that deal with music do better in film. Films about writers tend to be harsh to stick with as the narratives get tiresome. But films about art, are even harder, because it is necessary that one embroider the work into the film, and this is not easy. The best of these, LA BELLE NOISEUSSE, is four hours long, but it is riveting, and the main subject IS the art, and the main people involved in it, the painter and the model. With Basquiat, he is his own model through his feelings, and this allows for a nice place for the film to come from.
Few films take care of things like this one does... it is excellent. And should be seen. It's a shame that it did not get a wider release, because the film has excellent music and visual imagery to really blow off most star wars dilettantes.
4.5 out of 5 GIBLOONS Reviewed by Pedro Sena. Moderator of Centipede's THE FILM. Copyright (c) Pedro Sena 1997. All Rights Reserved.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Geosets are metadata structures relating series together. Requesting series using the geoset
API endpoint is much the same as requesting series data using the series
endpoint. Instead of eia_series
, use eia_geoset
.
The main difference is that you must provide a geoset ID to id
and a region
argument. Both may be vectors of multiple series and regions. The function returns the combination of time series datasets and regions that exist. The API will not return all geographic entities associated with a geoset. You are required to specify which region(s) you want and they must be associated with the given geoset ID.
library(eia)
# eia_set_key("yourkey") # set your API key
id <- "ELEC.GEN.ALL-99.A"
region <- c("USA-CA", "USA-NY")
(x <- eia_geoset(id, region[1], n = 3))
#> # A tibble: 1 x 11
#> geoset_id setname f units series_id name region latlon start end
#> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 ELEC.GEN~ Net ge~ A thou~ ELEC.GEN~ Net ~ USA-CA <NA> 2001 2018
#> # ... with 1 more variable: data <list>
If you want data for all fifty states for example, you can set region = "USA"
; you do not need to make a vector of all fifty state IDs. However, if you want certain region subsets, there are other options besides making a vector of these values. For example, the eia_geoset
accepts shorthand descriptions of specific, popular subsets of states; so popular in fact that their labels ship with R itself in the datasts
package.
You can provide simple state abbreviations (without the USA-
prefix), state names, and more to the point, US Census regions and divisions. These are two hierarchical sets of US states.
tibble(state.abb, state.name, state.region, state.division)
#> # A tibble: 50 x 4
#> state.abb state.name state.region state.division
#> <chr> <chr> <fct> <fct>
#> 1 AL Alabama South East South Central
#> 2 AK Alaska West Pacific
#> 3 AZ Arizona West Mountain
#> 4 AR Arkansas South West South Central
#> 5 CA California West Pacific
#> 6 CO Colorado West Mountain
#> 7 CT Connecticut Northeast New England
#> 8 DE Delaware South South Atlantic
#> 9 FL Florida South South Atlantic
#> 10 GA Georgia South South Atlantic
#> # ... with 40 more rows
Provide the associated label and eia_geoset
recognizes subsets of US states. Even this can be a vector.  If one is provided, eia_geoset
will switch to the API relation
endpoint. A relation is another metadata structure that applies to geosets and relates summary statistics associated with geoset IDs to their composite statistics. This makes it easier to obtain variables that facet the data, e.g., by sector or fuel type.
The EIA relation
API endpoint is officially supported according to the online EIA API documentation, but unfortunately that endpoint does not appear to function at the time of current package release.


API Basejump: Timestamp microservice
User stories:
1) I can pass a string as a parameter, and it will check to see whether that string
contains either a unix timestamp or a natural language date (example: January 1, 2016)
2) If it does, it returns both the Unix timestamp and the natural language form of that date.
3) If it does not contain a date or Unix timestamp, it returns null for those properties.
Example usage:
https://timestampmicroservicec.herokuapp.com/979669800
Example output:
{
"unix": 979669800,
"natural": "JANUARY 17, 2001"
}