Bitcoin Press Center
Find interviewees, answers and high quality press materials.
Interviewees
Communicate with the Bitcoin Foundation or local non-profit organizations.
Find more potential press contacts at the independent bitcoinpresscenter.org.
FAQ
Bitcoin is a consensus network that enables a new payment system and a completely digital money. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network that is powered by its users with no central authority or middlemen. From a user perspective, Bitcoin is pretty much like cash for the Internet. Bitcoin can also be seen as the most prominent triple entry bookkeeping system in existence.
From a user perspective, Bitcoin is nothing more than a mobile app or computer program that provides a personal Bitcoin wallet and allows a user to send and receive bitcoins with them. This is how Bitcoin works for most users.
Behind the scenes, the Bitcoin network is sharing a public ledger called the "block chain". This ledger contains every transaction ever processed, allowing a user's computer to verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by digital signatures corresponding to the sending addresses, allowing all users to have full control over sending bitcoins from their own Bitcoin addresses. In addition, anyone can process transactions using the computing power of specialized hardware and earn a reward in bitcoins for this service. This is often called "mining". To learn more about Bitcoin, you can consult the dedicated page and the original paper.
Mining is the process of spending computing power to process transactions, secure the network, and keep everyone in the system synchronized together. It can be perceived like the Bitcoin data center except that it has been designed to be fully decentralized with miners operating in all countries and no individual having control over the network. This process is referred to as "mining" as an analogy to gold mining because it is also a temporary mechanism used to issue new bitcoins. Unlike gold mining, however, Bitcoin mining provides a reward in exchange for useful services required to operate a secure payment network. Mining will still be required after the last bitcoin is issued.
- As payment for goods or services.
- Purchase bitcoins at a Bitcoin exchange.
- Exchange bitcoins with someone near you.
- Earn bitcoins through competitive mining.
While it may be possible to find individuals who wish to sell bitcoins in exchange for a credit card or PayPal payment, most exchanges do not allow funding via these payment methods. This is due to cases where someone buys bitcoins with PayPal, and then reverses their half of the transaction. This is commonly referred to as a chargeback.
Yes. There is a growing number of businesses and individuals using Bitcoin. This includes brick and mortar businesses like restaurants, apartments, law firms, and popular online services such as Namecheap, WordPress, Reddit and Flattr. While Bitcoin remains a relatively new phenomenon, it is growing fast. At the end of August 2013, the value of all bitcoins in circulation exceeded US$ 1.5 billion with millions of dollars worth of bitcoins exchanged daily.
Bitcoin payments are easier to make than debit or credit card purchases, and can be received without a merchant account. Payments are made from a wallet application, either on your computer or smartphone, by entering the recipient's address, the payment amount, and pressing send. To make it easier to enter a recipient's address, many wallets can obtain the address by scanning a QR code or touching two phones together with NFC technology.
- Payment freedom - It is possible to send and receive any amount of money instantly anywhere in the world at any time. No bank holidays. No borders. No imposed limits. Bitcoin allows its users to be in full control of their money.
- Very low fees - Bitcoin payments are currently processed with either no fees or extremely small fees. Users may include fees with transactions to receive priority processing, which results in faster confirmation of transactions by the network. Additionally, merchant processors exist to assist merchants in processing transactions, converting bitcoins to fiat currency and depositing funds directly into merchants' bank accounts daily. As these services are based on Bitcoin, they can be offered for much lower fees than with PayPal or credit card networks.
- Fewer risks for merchants - Bitcoin transactions are secure, irreversible, and do not contain customers’ sensitive or personal information. This protects merchants from losses caused by fraud or fraudulent chargebacks, and there is no need for PCI compliance. Merchants can easily expand to new markets where either credit cards are not available or fraud rates are unacceptably high. The net results are lower fees, larger markets, and fewer administrative costs.
- Security and control - Bitcoin users are in full control of their transactions; it is impossible for merchants to force unwanted or unnoticed charges as can happen with other payment methods. Bitcoin payments can be made without personal information tied to the transaction. This offers strong protection against identity theft. Bitcoin users can also protect their money with backup and encryption.
- Transparent and neutral - All information concerning the Bitcoin money supply itself is readily available on the block chain for anybody to verify and use in real-time. No individual or organization can control or manipulate the Bitcoin protocol because it is cryptographically secure. This allows the core of Bitcoin to be trusted for being completely neutral, transparent and predictable.
- Degree of acceptance - Many people are still unaware of Bitcoin. Every day, more businesses accept bitcoins because they want the advantages of doing so, but the list remains small and still needs to grow in order to benefit from network effects.
- Volatility - The total value of bitcoins in circulation and the number of businesses using Bitcoin are still very small compared to what they could be. Therefore, relatively small events, trades, or business activities can significantly affect the price. In theory, this volatility will decrease as Bitcoin markets and the technology matures. Never before has the world seen a start-up currency, so it is truly difficult (and exciting) to imagine how it will play out.
- Ongoing development - Bitcoin software is still in beta with many incomplete features in active development. New tools, features, and services are being developed to make Bitcoin more secure and accessible to the masses. Some of these are still not ready for everyone. Most Bitcoin businesses are new and still offer no insurance. In general, Bitcoin is still in the process of maturing.
The Bitcoin technology - the protocol and the cryptography - has a strong security track record, and the Bitcoin network is probably the biggest distributed computing project in the world. Bitcoin's most common vulnerability is in user error. Bitcoin wallet files that store the necessary private keys can be accidentally deleted, lost or stolen. This is pretty similar to physical cash stored in a digital form. Fortunately, users can employ sound security practices to protect their money or use service providers that offer good levels of security and insurance against theft or loss.
To the best of our knowledge, Bitcoin has not been made illegal by legislation in most jurisdictions. However, some jurisdictions (such as Argentina and Russia) severely restrict or ban foreign currencies. Other jurisdictions (such as Thailand) may limit the licensing of certain entities such as Bitcoin exchanges.
Regulators from various jurisdictions are taking steps to provide individuals and businesses with rules on how to integrate this new technology with the formal, regulated financial system. For example, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau in the United States Treasury Department, issued non-binding guidance on how it characterizes certain activities involving virtual currencies.
Bitcoin is not a fiat currency with legal tender status in any jurisdiction, but often tax liability accrues regardless of the medium used. There is a wide variety of legislation in many different jurisdictions which could cause income, sales, payroll, capital gains, or some other form of tax liability to arise with Bitcoin.
Bitcoin is money, and money has always been used both for legal and illegal purposes. Cash, credit cards and current banking systems widely surpass Bitcoin in terms of their use to finance crime. Bitcoin can bring significant innovation in payment systems and the benefits of such innovation are often considered to be far beyond their potential drawbacks.
Bitcoin is designed to be a huge step forward in making money more secure and could also act as a significant protection against many forms of financial crime. For instance, bitcoins are completely impossible to counterfeit. Users are in full control of their payments and cannot receive unapproved charges such as with credit card fraud. Bitcoin transactions are irreversible and immune to fraudulent chargebacks. Bitcoin allows money to be secured against theft and loss using very strong and useful mechanisms such as backups, encryption, and multiple signatures.
Some concerns have been raised that Bitcoin could be more attractive to criminals because it can be used to make private and irreversible payments. However, these features already exist with cash and wire transfer, which are widely used and well-established. The use of Bitcoin will undoubtedly be subjected to similar regulations that are already in place inside existing financial systems, and Bitcoin is not likely to prevent criminal investigations from being conducted. In general, it is common for important breakthroughs to be perceived as being controversial before their benefits are well understood. The Internet is a good example among many others to illustrate this.
A fast rise in price does not constitute a bubble. An artificial over-valuation that will lead to a sudden downward correction constitutes a bubble. Choices based on individual human action by hundreds of thousands of market participants is the cause for bitcoin's price to fluctuate as the market seeks price discovery. Reasons for changes in sentiment may include a loss of confidence in Bitcoin, a large difference between value and price not based on the fundamentals of the Bitcoin economy, increased press coverage stimulating speculative demand, fear of uncertainty, and old-fashioned irrational exuberance and greed.
Bitcoins have value because they are useful as a form of money. Bitcoin has the characteristics of money (durability, portability, fungibility, scarcity, divisibility, and recognizability) based on the properties of mathematics rather than relying on physical properties (like gold and silver) or trust in central authorities (like fiat currencies). In short, Bitcoin is backed by mathematics. With these attributes, all that is required for a form of money to hold value is trust and adoption. In the case of Bitcoin, this can be measured by its growing base of users, merchants, and startups. As with all currency, bitcoin's value comes only and directly from people willing to accept them as payment.
A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to its investors from their own money, or the money paid by subsequent investors, instead of from profit earned by the individuals running the business. Ponzi schemes are designed to collapse at the expense of the last investors when there is not enough new participants.
Bitcoin is a free software project with no central authority. Consequently, no one is in a position to make fraudulent representations about investment returns. Like other major currencies such as gold, United States dollar, euro, yen, etc. there is no guaranteed purchasing power and the exchange rate floats freely. This leads to volatility where owners of bitcoins can unpredictably make or lose money. Beyond speculation, Bitcoin is also a payment system with useful and competitive attributes that are being used by thousands of users and businesses.
Bitcoin is the first implementation of a concept called "crypto-currency", which was first described in 1998 by Wei Dai on the cypherpunks mailing list, suggesting the idea of a new form of money that uses cryptography to control its creation and transactions, rather than a central authority. The first Bitcoin specification and proof of concept was published in 2009 in a cryptography mailing list by Satoshi Nakamoto. Satoshi left the project in late 2010 without revealing much about himself. The community has since grown exponentially with many developers working on Bitcoin.
Satoshi's anonymity often raised unjustified concerns, many of which are linked to misunderstanding of the open-source nature of Bitcoin. The Bitcoin protocol and software are published openly and any developer around the world can review the code or make their own modified version of the Bitcoin software. Just like current developers, Satoshi's influence was limited to the changes he made being adopted by others and therefore he did not control Bitcoin. As such, the identity of Bitcoin's inventor is probably as relevant today as the identity of the person who invented paper.
Yes. History is littered with currencies that failed and are no longer used, such as the German Mark during the Weimar Republic and, more recently, the Zimbabwean dollar. Although previous currency failures were typically due to hyperinflation of a kind that Bitcoin makes impossible, there is always potential for technical failures, competing currencies, political issues and so on. As a basic rule of thumb, no currency should be considered absolutely safe from failures or hard times. Bitcoin has proven reliable for years since its inception and there is a lot of potential for Bitcoin to continue to grow. However, no one is in a position to predict what the future will be for Bitcoin.
Bitcoin is as virtual as the credit cards and online banking networks people use everyday. Bitcoin can be used to pay online and in physical stores just like any other form of money. Bitcoins can also be exchanged in physical form such as the Casascius coins, but paying with a mobile phone usually remains more convenient. Bitcoin balances are stored in a large distributed network, and they cannot be fraudulently altered by anybody. In other words, Bitcoin users have exclusive control over their funds and bitcoins cannot vanish just because they are virtual.
Much of the trust in Bitcoin comes from the fact that it requires no trust at all. Bitcoin is fully open-source and decentralized. This means that anyone has access to the entire source code at any time. Any developer in the world can therefore verify exactly how Bitcoin works. All transactions and bitcoins issued into existence can be transparently consulted in real-time by anyone. All payments can be made without reliance on a third party and the whole system is protected by heavily peer-reviewed cryptographic algorithms like those used for online banking. No organization or individual can control Bitcoin, and the network remains secure even if not all of its users can be trusted.
Bitcoin is designed to allow its users to send and receive payments with an acceptable level of privacy as well as any other form of money. However, Bitcoin is not anonymous and cannot offer the same level of privacy as cash. The use of Bitcoin leaves extensive public records. Various mechanisms exist to protect users' privacy, and more are in development. However, there is still work to be done before these features are used correctly by most Bitcoin users.
Some concerns have been raised that private transactions could be used for illegal purposes with Bitcoin. However, it is worth noting that Bitcoin will undoubtedly be subjected to similar regulations that are already in place inside existing financial systems. Bitcoin cannot be more anonymous than cash and it is not likely to prevent criminal investigations from being conducted. Additionally, Bitcoin is also designed to prevent a large range of financial crimes.
To learn more about Bitcoin, please visit the complete FAQ or the Bitcoin Wiki.
Videos
Quotes
There are 3 eras of currency: Commodity based, politically based, and now, math based.Chris Dixon, Technology Investor
Right now Bitcoin feels like the Internet before the browser.Wences Casares, Technology Entrepreneur
Bitcoin is Money Over Internet Protocol.Tony Gallippi, BitPay CEO
Entire classes of bugs are missing.Dan Kaminsky, Security Researcher
The potential for disruption is enormous.Jeremy Liew, Lightspeed Venture Partners
Digital currency is going to be a very powerful thing.John Donohoe, Ebay CEO
We have elected to put our money and faith in a mathematical framework that is free of politics and human error.Tyler Winklevoss, Entrepreneur
With e-currency based on cryptographic proof, without the need to trust a third party middleman, money can be secure and transactions effortless.Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin Developer
Bitcoin is a technological tour de force.Bill Gates, Executive Chairman, Microsoft
Eric Schmidt, Executive Chairman, Google
You can basically put a bank in your pocket... That's pretty amazing.Gavin Andresen, Chief Scientist, The Bitcoin Foundation
Bitcoin allows wealth to be reduced to pure information and transmitted costlessly around the world—something nobody knew how to do before 2009. Its applications won’t be immediately obvious, especially to ordinary users.Timothy B. Lee, Reporter, The Washington Post
PayPal alone blocks access from over 60 countries ... Whatever the reason, we don’t think an individual blogger from Haiti, Ethiopia, or Kenya should have diminished access to the blogosphere because of payment issues they can’t control.Andy Skelton, Developer, WordPress
The Babyboomers gave us the personal computer, Generation X gave us the Internet, and now Generation Y is building a new financial paradigm.Tuur Demeester, Author, MacroTrends
Had you asked me five years ago, I would just say it was impossible. Bitcoin and crypto currencies solved this problem of coming to a consensus globally where you don't trust anybody else.Richard Brown, Executive architect, IBM
We believe that Bitcoin represents something fundamental and powerful ... It reminds us of SMTP, HTTP, RSS, and BitTorrent in its architecture and openness.Fred Wilson, Co-Founder of Union Square Ventures
It represents a remarkable conceptual and technical achievement, which may well be used by existing financial institutions (which could issue their own bitcoins) or even by governments themselves.François R. Velde, Economist, Federal Reserve
All the things that gold does, Bitcoin kind of does better.Naval Ravikant, Founder of Angellist
It's the cheapest way to move money around.Max Keiser, Journalist & TV Host
Press coverage
Richard Brown, executive architect, IBM thinks the future for crypto-currencies looks very bright.
Andrea Castillio from the Mercatus Center discusses and explains Bitcoin.
Bitcoin, a decentralized, virtual currency, is garnering increasing interest from investors and entrepreneurs. Maija Palmer reports from a Bitcoin conference on where the currency is heading and goes to buy her first (fraction) of a Bitcoin.
After a week of living on the crypto-currency, Forbes reporter Kashmir Hill invites Bitcoin enthusiasts to a dinner meet-up to help her spend the rest of her digital wallet and share their views on the alternative currency.
The Guardian meets the Bitcoin Kiez, among the first point-of-sales shops and restaurants to accept Bitcoin.
Convergex's Nicholas Colas and Holland & Company's Michael Holland discuss the future of Bitcoin on Bloomberg Television's.
Is Bitcoin for real? Bitcoin investor Trace Mayer explains the virtual currency.


A stream is a sequence of values. The individual elements in a stream are called values or messages. The only way in which a stream can be modified is that values can be appended to the end of a stream. A value in a stream cannot be modified, and values within a stream cannot be reordered.
An example of a stream is a sequence of measurements made by a sensor; as time progresses the sensor may make additional measurements and send more values containing the newly measured values. The sensor cannot retract or modify values that it has sent.
The values in a stream are arbitrary objects; values in a Python stream need not belong to a special class. Values in NumPy streams, JSON streams, and Java streams do belong to specified types; we will discuss typed streams later.
The value of a stream, at a point in time, is a Python list, a NumPy array, or a JSON list (or a Java list for the Java version). This list or array is extended when values are appended to the stream. If at some point, the value of a stream is the list [3, 5], then from that point onwards, the value of that stream will be a list that begins with [3, 5]. For example, at a later point in time the stream can be [3, 5], or [3, 5, 2], or [3, 5, 2, 6], but not [3, 4] or [1, 5, 2].
For the time being, we restrict attention to streams implemented in Python. A stream is an instance of the class Stream. Values are appended to a stream in exactly the same way as values are appended to a list, i.e., by using append to append a single value and extend to extend the list by a list of values.
We describe implementation of the Stream class later.
s.append(v)
appends v
to a stream s
and
s.extend(lst)
extends s
by a list
lst
.
The following code appends j to stream x
every 0.5
seconds for j in range(10)
.
for j in range(10):
x.append(j)
time.sleep(0.5)
np
refers to NumPy.
source_stream.py appends values to a stream where the
values are specified by a function func
and keyword
arguments, **kwargs
, passed to func. The function
appends a value to a stream or a list periodically where the period is
the parameter time_period
. The number of values appended
to the stream is the parameter number_of_values
. Note
that setting this parameter to a negative value makes the number of
values unbounded and the computation never stops.
The example illustrates that the statements for appending to a list and appending to a stream are identical. Appending values to a list forever causes memory overflow whereas appending values to a stream does not. Stream implementation is discussed later.
Note: source_stream.py executes forever because
number_of_values
is set to -1 in one of the cases. Use
the command line (Control-C) to stop execution in this case. Or change
number_of_values
to a nonnegative value so that execution
stops after the specified number of values.
Most programs operate on numbers, strings, lists, arrays and other familiar data structures. StreamPy has a library of encapsulators, or "wrappers" that encapsulate programs that operate on such data structures to obtain programs that operate on streams.
The element encapsulator function (ef: e for encapsulator, f for function) has the form:
ef(inputs, outputs, f, **kwargs)
inputs
is either a stream or a list of streams.outputs
is either None
, a stream, or a list of
streams.f
is a function that maps elements of input streams
to elements of output streams.**kwargs
is a set of keyword parameters of function
f
.f
Function f
has one or more arguments. The first
element of f
must satisfy the following requirement:
inputs
is a single stream then the first
argument of f
is a single element of the stream
inputs
.inputs
is a list of streams then the first
argument of f
is a list with one element from each
stream in inputs
.f
outputs
is a single stream then f
returns a single element of the stream outputs
.outputs
is a list of streams then
f
returns a list with one element for each stream in
outputs
.outputs
is None
then f
does not return any value or returns None
.
f
may have more than one argument. Arguments other than
the first one are passed as keyword arguments to ef
.
Function f
specifies the j-th outputs for each
output stream as a function of the j-th elements of the input streams,
for all j. The execution of ef
creates an agent which
operates in the following way. For step j of the agent, where j = 0,
1, 2,.., the agent waits until it reads the j-th elements of each of
its input streams and then applies f
to compute the j-th
output to each of its output streams.
Please execute, modify and re-execute the example .py files.
In the examples, np
represents
NumPy.
Problem: x
and y
are
streams. Write an agent that sets the j
-th element of
y
to the sine of the j
-th element of
x
, for all j
.
Solution: for details see tutorial_sine.py:
ef(x, y, np.sin)
Problem x
is a list of streams, and y
is a stream. Write an agent that sets the j
-th
element of y
to the sum of the j
-th element of all streams in
x
.
Solution for details see tutorial_merge.py:
ef(x, y, sum)
Problem: x
,
y
and z
are
streams. You are given the function:
def execute(v, g, h):
return (g(v), h(v))
Write an agent that sets the
j
-th element of y
to
math.sqrt
of the j
-th element of x
and sets the
j
-th element of z
to
math.exp
of the j
-th element of x
Solution for details see tutorial_split.py
ef(x, [y, z], execute, g=math.sqrt, h=math.exp)
Problem: x
is a list of streams, and
y
and z
are streams.
Write an
agent that sets the j
-th element of
y
to the max of the j
-th
element of each stream in x
and sets the
j
-th element of z
to the min of
the j
-th element of each stream in x
.
Solution for details see tutorial_many_to_many.py:
ef(x, [y, z], execute, g=max, h=min)
In some cases we want an agent to append None
to an output
stream and in other cases we want the agent to append no element. In
the former case f
returns None
, and in the latter case,
we want f
to return an object that indicates that the agent
should append no elements to the output stream. We use a special
object _no_value
for this purpose. The effect of appending the
object _no_value
to a stream is that no value gets appended to
the stream.
Problem: x
and y
are
streams. Create an agent that puts elements of x
that are
greater than 5 in y
,
and puts no value in y
for other elements of
x
.
Solution: see
tutorial_filter_1.py.
We first define a function filter_threshold
.
def ft(v, threshold):
return v if v > threshold else _no_value
ef(x, y, ft, threshold=5)
In some cases, we want an agent to append a list or tuple to a
stream; for example, we want the agent to append the list [2, 3], as a
single element, to a stream. In other cases, we want the agent to
append multiple elements to a stream; for example, append the two
elements 2 and 3 as two separate elements rather than as the single
list [2, 3]. If the initial value of the stream is [0, 1], then in the
first case, the value of the stream after [2, 3] is appended is [0, 1,
[2, 3]], whereas in the latter case we want the value of the stream to
be [0, 1, 2, 3]. We use the class _multivalue
for this
purpose. If function f
returns a list z
then the agent
appends the entire list z
, as a single element, to an output
stream, and if f
returns _multivalue(z)
then the agent
appends each element of z
, as a separate element, to the output
stream.
Problem: x
is a list of streams and
y
is a stream. Create an agent that sets:
y[n*j + k] = x[k][j]
for j = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
and k < n = len(x)
.
For example, if x = [a, b, c]
where a
,
b
and c
are streams, then the sequence of values of
y
are:
a[0], b[0], c[0], a[1], b[1], c[1], a[2], b[2], c[2],....
Solution: for details see weave_streams.py
ef(x, y, _multivalue)
The agents in the previous examples do not have state: the j-th element of an output stream is a function of the j-th elements of its input streams, and is independent of earlier elements in its inputs. An agent has state when the j-th element of an output stream depends on earlier elements of an input stream.
A state is an arbitrary object. It can be a number, string, tuple, or instance of any class. (Note: If the state is modified in the state-update function, then the state must be a mutable data structure; for example a list is mutable whereas a tuple is not.) The (j+1)-th state and the j-th element on each of the output streams is a function f of the agent's j-th state and the j-th elements on each of its input streams, for all j. The initial state is the agent's zero-th state. (See "Mealy machine.")
The wrapper for an agent with state specifies its initial state.
stream_agent(inputs, outputs, f_type='element',f, state)
or
ef(inputs, outputs, f, state, **kwargs)
where state is the initial state.
See TutorialExamplesElementWrapper.html for a collection of examples of agents with state.
Problem: x
and y
are streams. Create an agent
that sets the j-th element of y
to the average of the
first j elements of x
.
Solution see
tutorial_average_of_stream.py
The state of the agent is a list When an element
The new average is : We first write a function,
[n, cumulative]
where
n
is the number of elements of x
that have
been processed and cumulative
is the sum of these
elements. Initially, the state is [0, 0.0]. v
is received on x
, the
next state is computed by incrementing n
, or
state[0]
by 1 and incrementing cumulative
or
state[1]
by v
.
cumulative/float(n)
or equivalently
state[1]/float(state[0])
; this new average is output on
y
.update_avg
which
returns the next output and next state given the current input and
state, and then we create the agent in the usual way.
def update_avg(v, state):
state[0] += 1
state[1] += v
return (state[1]/float(state[0]), state)
ef(x, y, update_avg, [0, 0.0])
Problem: x
is a list of streams and
y
is a stream. h
is a function whose
single argument is a list and returns an object. Create an agent that
sets the elements of y
to the exponentially-smoothed
average of h
applied to the elements of
x
.
The initial smoothed value is a given value init
. The
j-th value of y
is:
y[j] = y[j-1]*(1-alpha) + h(x[j])*alpha
with y[-1] = init
, and where x[j]
is the
list consisting of the j-th element from each stream in
x
.
Create an agent that sets the initial state to 0.0, h =
np.mean
and alpha=0.5
.
Solution see tutorial_exponential_smoothing.py
The state of the agent is y[j]
and is initially
init
. We first write a function,
update_smooth
which returns the next output and state
given the current input and state, and other parameters, and then
create the agent in the usual way.
def update_smooth(lst, state, h, alpha):
state = state*(1-alpha) + func(lst)*alpha
return (state, state)
ef(x, y, update_smooth, 0.0, h=np.mean, alpha=0.5)
The default setting is that an agent is called when data is available for the agent to process. In some cases, however, better efficiency is obtained if an agent executes when some external condition occurs --- for example, when an agent executes periodically --- rather than when each item of data becomes available. In this case, unprocessed data is batched until the agent executes, and the agent executes on a whole batch. In some cases, processing small batches of unprocessed data can be more efficient than processing single data items. In other cases, however, an agent needs to process data as soon as possible, rather than wait for unprocessed data to batch up, to reduce response time.
You can wake up, or "trigger" or "call" an agent by sending it a
message on any of its call_streams
which are described
below.
stream_agent(inputs, outputs, f_type='element', f, state=None, call_streams=None)
or
ef(inputs, outputs, f, state=None, call_streams=None, **kwargs)
If call_streams
is None
(or equivalently
if no value is assigned to the parameter call_streams
),
then the agent executes whenever data becomes available for it to
process. When call_streams
is a list of streams, the
agent remains asleep, allowing unprocessed data to batch up, until a
message arrives on any of its call_streams
; at that
point, the agent wakes up and processes all its unprocessed data. The
sole purpose of a message in a call stream of an agent is to "call" or
wake up the agent; the message content is irrelevant.
If call_streams
is not None
then
call_streams
must be a list of streams. If an
agent has only a single call stream, then call_streams
is
a list consisting of a single stream.
Note: If an agent sleeps forever --- for example, if the agent has call_streams that remain empty forever --- and if unprocessed data continues to batch up for this agent, without bound, then eventually a memory-overflow error will occur. We will discuss implementations of streams and memory-management later.
Problem x
, y
and z
are streams. Create agents that put the sine of x
into
y
and clipped x
into z
, where
execution of these two agents are triggered by placing values into the
two streams trigger_1
and trigger_2
,
respectively.
Note: clip([0, ..., 9], a_min=2, a_max=8)
is
[2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8]
because values below
a_min
are set to a_min
and values above
a_max
are set to a_max
.
Solution see tutorial_call_streams.py
ef(x, y, np.sin, call_streams=[trigger_1])
ef(x, z, np.clip, call_streams=[trigger_2], a_min=2, a_max=8)
Note: call_streams must be entered as a keyword, rather than a
positional parameter (because no parameter is entered for
state
).


Driver arrested in hit and run case in Naples
by WFTX Digital TeamThe driver fled the scene and was determined to be driving a 2006 F150.
Deputies impounded the vehicle on September 11, 2019.
After a thorough investigation, a 17-year-old was arrested for Felony Hit and Run.
The Juvenile was transported to the Collier County Jail.
We are not naming the suspect due to his age.


Upgrading
Backup your Redis!
Do it.
Backup your database!
Do it.
Upgrading from version to version
All update procedures are documented per release in the relevant Releases page. Please ensure you read and carry out as appropriate the steps in each version update. Some releases can skip through a few releases to go from v1.1.8 to v.1.1.10 and some releases cannot, you cannot jump from v1.1.x to v.1.2.2 you must go from v1.1.x to v1.2.0 and then v.1.2.2
Although it may be painful going through each version upgrade, it informs you each time what has changed and been added.
In almost all cases one should be able to craft a single SQL from each version
that has one and diff your current `settings.py`
with the new version
`settings.py`
and with a combination of stopping all Skyline services,
backing up DB, applying single SQL and switching to the new Skyline version code
and your new updated `settings.py`
should be possible if the user does not
wish to run through the version updates sequentially. However other than this
description, the steps and what SQL updates and additions and/or need to be
applied is left up to the user to determine. The user should still read each
release page to ensure they are aware of if any changes are required to any of
the components related to Skyline, e.g. to the Apache/reverse proxy config,
Redis, Graphite, etc. or additions outside of Python and pip.
Upgrading from the Etsy version of Skyline
This section covers the steps involved in upgrading an existing Skyline implementation. For the sake of fullness this describes the changes from the last github/etsy/skyline commit to date.
Do a new install
If you are upgrading from an Etsy version consider doing a new install, all you need is your Redis data (but BACK IT UP FIRST)
However you may have some other monitoring or custom inits, etc set up on your Skyline then the below is a best effort guide.
Things to note
This new version of Skyline sees a lot of changes, however although certain things have changed and much has been added, whether these changes are backwards incompatible in terms of functionality is debatable. That said, there is a lot of change. Please review the following key changes relating to upgrading.
Directory structure changes
In order to bring Skyline in line with a more standard Python package structure the directory structure has had to changed to accommodate sphinx autodoc and the setuptools framework. This will affect any configuration management paths for a templated settings.py and/or to path to the Skyline bin directory, etc.
settings.py
The settings.py
has had a face lift too. This will probably be the
largest initial change that any users upgrading from Skyline < 1.0.0
will find.
The format is much less friendly to the eye as it now has all the comments in Python docstrings rather than just plain “#”ed lines. Apologies for this, but for complete autodoc coverage and referencing it is a necessary change.
Analyzer optimizations
There has been some fairly substantial performance improvements that may affect
your Analyzer settings. The optimizations should benefit any deployment,
however they will benefit smaller Skyline deployments more than very large
Skyline deployments. Finding the optimum settings for your Analyzer deployment
will require some evaluation of your Analyzer run_time, total_metrics and
settings.ANALYZER_PROCESSES
.
See Analyzer Optimizations and regardless of
whether your deployment is small or large the new
settings.RUN_OPTIMIZED_WORKFLOW
timeseries analysis will improve
performance and benefit all deployments.
Skyline graphite namespace for metrics
The original metrics namespace for skyline was skyline.analyzer
,
skyline.horizon
, etc. Skyline now shards metrics by the Skyline
server host name. So before you start the new Skyline apps when
referenced below in the Upgrade steps, ensure you move/copy your whisper
files related to Skyline to their new namespaces, which are
skyline.<hostname>.analyzer
, skyline.<hostname>.horizon
, etc. Or
use Graphite’s whisper-fill.py to populate the new metric namespaces
from the old ones.
Logging
There have been changes made in the logging methodology, see Logging.
New required components
MySQL and memcached.
Clone and have a look
If you are quite familiar with your Skyline setup it would be useful to clone the new Skyline and first have a look at the new structure and assess how this impacts any of your deployment patterns, init, supervisord, etc and et al. Diff the new settings.py and your existing settings.py to see the additions and all the changes you need to make.


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--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: '2011 Ivy Envy Bus Trip ' author: display_name: Corey Fineran login: Corey email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 3885 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.com/?p=3885 date: '2011-02-19 08:58:18 +0000' date_gmt: '2011-02-19 14:58:18 +0000' categories: - Ivy Envy - Events tags: - Giants - Wrigley Field - Yankees - Joe Girardi - Ivy Envy Bus Trip - Starlin Castro - Bus Trip - Pick 13 Plan - Waveland - Jack Daniels - Bloody Marys - Derek Jeter - Tim Lincecum - Matt Cain comments: [] ---
We had originally planned to do the 2011 Bus Trip on June 18th, when the New York Yankees visit Wrigley Field. However, the marketing/ticket sales people for the Cubs kept this from happening. If you want the whole story, check out our Podcast Episode 2.35 at around the 8 minute mark. So we apologize for getting your hopes up. We've learned our lesson and waited to reveal the date of the game until the tickets were secured.
If you have never been on a bus trip, it is a great way to take in a Cubs game. We charter a bus and you don't have to worry about parking or anything. The bus drops us off right at Wrigley Field on Waveland. Your purchase price covers your bus ride up and back, and the ticket to the game. What these bus trips are well-known for is that you are able to drink on the bus en route. We had two guys in the back of the bus polish off a bottle of Jack Daniels before the first bathroom stop (about 90 miles into the trip and keep in mind that the bus pulled out at 8:30am) and there was gallons of Bloody Marys being passed around. We had a great group last year that enjoyed the company of other Cubs fans and it was an amazing day for a baseball game.
The date for the 2011 Bus Trip will be May 14th. It is a very rare Saturday night game at Wrigley and the Cubs will be hosting the San Francisco Giants, who are fresh off their 2010 World Series Championship. If the Cubs can pimp the Yankees vs. Cubs games as Jeter vs. Castro, we can pimp this bus trip as Lincecum vs Castro or Matt Cain vs. Castro. Those match-ups are way more likely to happen, unless Joe Girardi sends Jeter to the bullpen.
I have had quite a few people asking about the purchase of tickets for the bus trip and this is how we are going to do it: First dibs on the seats for this trip go to those that bought tickets for last year's bus trip. If you bought tickets to the 2010 bus trip, you have the opportunity to purchase the same number of seats. The cost for the bus ride and the baseball game will be $90 this year. To reserve your seat, you must pay the deposit ($45) by March 10th. On March 11th, I will announce how many seats are left on the bus and anyone can put down their deposit for a seat. I will need the remaining amount for the seats by April 10th.
If you have any questions about the trip, contact me at Corey@IvyEnvy.com


If the dataset is known under multiple titles, a translation of the title, or has a subtitle, you can enter these titles in this field.
When performing a search in the DANS archive, you will be able to find the words from the 'Title' as well as words from the 'Alternative title'. However, the 'Alternative title' is not shown in the list of search results.


Publications
Publications
”*” student under my supervision
Journal Articles
- Li, Y.*, Shi, Z.*, Liu, C., Tian, W., Kong, Z., and Williams, C., 2021, “Augmented Time Regularized Generative Adversarial Network (ATR-GAN) for Data Augmentation in Online Process Anomaly Detection,” IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering. (Conditionally Accepted)
- This work is selected as the finalist of the Data Challenge Award, QSR Section, INFORMS, 2019
-
Ye, Z., Liu, C., Tian, W., and Kan, C., 2021, “In-situ Point Cloud Fusion for Layer-wise Monitoring ofAdditive Manufacturing,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems. (Accepted)
-
Shi, Z.*, Kan, C., Tian, W., and Liu, C., 2021, “A Blockchain-based G-code Protection Approach for Cyber-Physical Security in Additive Manufacturing,” ASME Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. Vol.21(4), pp.041007.
- Liu, C., Kong, Z., Babu, S., Joslin, C., and Ferguson, J., 2020, “An Integrated Manifold Learning Approach for High Dimensional Data Feature Extractions and its Applications to Online Process Monitoring of Additive Manufacturing,” IISE Transactions. (in press)
- This work is featured in the Industrial and Systems Engineer magazine (ISE) Magazine, October 2021
- This work received the Best Paper Award, QSR Section, INFORMS, 2017
- Liu, C., Law, A., Roberson, D. and Kong, Z.,2019, “Image Analysis-based Closed Loop Quality Controlfor Additive Manufacturing with Fused Filament Fabrication,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems. Vol.51 pp.75-86.
- This work received the Best Paper Award, QCRE Track, IISE, 2017
- Liu, J., Liu, C., Bai, Y., Rao, P., Kong, Z. and Williams, C., 2019, “Layer-wise Spatial Modeling of Porosityin Additive Manufacturing,” IISE Transactions, Vol.51(2), pp.109-123.
- This work is featured in the Industrial and Systems Engineer magazine (ISE) Magazine, January 2019
-
Liu, C., Kapoor, A., VanOsdol, J., Ektate, K., Kong, Z., and Ranjan, A., 2018, “A Spectral Fiedler Field-based Contrast Platform for Imaging of Nanoparticles in Colon Tumor,” Scientific Reports, 8(1), 11390.
- Tootooni, M., Liu, C., Roberson, D., Rao, P., and Kong, Z., 2016, “Online Non-contact Surface Finish Measurement in Machining using Graph-based Image Analysis,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol.41, pp.266-2.
Conference Papers
-
Zhou, H., Liu, C., Tian, W., and Kan, C., 2021, “Echo State Network Learning for the Detection of Cyber Attacks in Additive Manufacturing,” Proceedings of 2021 17th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (Accepted)
-
Shi, Z.*, Liu, C., Kan, C., Tian, W., and Chen, Y., 2021, “A Blockchain-Enabled Approach for Online Stream Sensor Data Protection in Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems,” Proceedings of the ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (Accepted)
-
Chen, Y., Abu-Heiba, A., Kassaee, S., Liu, C., Liu, G., Starke, M., Smith, B., and Momen, A., 2021, “Heat Based Power Augmentation for Modular Pumped Hydro Storage in Smart Buildings Operation”, Proceedings of the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Virtual, Online. June 16–18, 2021.
-
Mamun, A., Liu, C., Kan, C., and Tian, W., 2021, “Real-time Process Authentication for Additive Manufacturing Processes based on In-situ Video Analysis,” Procedia Manufacturing, Vol. 53, pp. 697-704
-
Shi, Z.*, Mandal, S., Harimkar, S., and Liu, C., 2021, “Surface Morphology Analysis Using Convolutional Autoencoder in Additive Manufacturing with Laser Engineered Net Shaping,” Procedia Manufacturing, Vol. 53, pp. 16-23
-
Chen, Y., Kou, X., Olama, M., Zandi, H., Liu, C., Kassaee, S., Smith, B., Abu-Heiba, A., and Momen, A., 2020, “Bi-Level Optimization for Electricity Transaction in Smart Community with Modular Pump Hydro Storage,” Proceedings of the ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Virtual, August 17-19, 2020.
-
Liu, C., Kan, C., and Tian, W., 2020, “An Online Side Channel Monitoring Approach for Cyber-Physical Attack Detection of Additive Manufacturing,” Proceedings of the ASME2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Virtual, September 3, 2020.
-
Ye, Z., Liu, C., Tian, W., and Kan, C.,2020, “A Deep Learning Approach for the Identification of Small Process Shifts in Additive Manufacturing using 3D Point Clouds,” Procedia Manufacturing, Vol.48, pp.770-775.
-
Liu, C., Wang, R., Kong, Z., Babu, S., Joslin, C., and Ferguson, J., 2019, “Real-time 3D Surface Measurement in Additive Manufacturing Using Deep Learning,” The Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium - An Additive Manufacturing Conference, Austin, TX, August 12-14, 2019.
-
Liu, C., Roberson, D. and Kong, Z., “Images-based Online Closed-Loop Quality Control for Additive Manufacturing Process,” IISE Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, May 20-23, 2017.


Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
1.
|
The Internet has its roots in a network that became functional in 1969, linking
scientific and academic researchers across the United States. What was the name of that
network?
a. | ARPANET | b. | NSFnet | c. | LISTSERV | d. | MPEG |
|
|
|
2.
|
Which of the following is NOT true of a Wi-Fi network?
a. | Many home users set them up. | b. | A Wi-Fi's Internet service can be dial-up
access. | c. | Wi-Fi networks send signals to a communications device that is connected to a
high-speed Internet service. | d. | A Wi-Fi's Internet service can be DSL or
cable. |
|
|
|
3.
|
What separates the components of a domain name?
a. | spaces | b. | apostrophes | c. | commas | d. | periods |
|
|
|
4.
|
Which of the following is application software that allows users to access and
view Web pages?
a. | reader | b. | browser | c. | host | d. | server |
|
|
|
5.
|
Which of the following terms refers to any application that combines text with
graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or virtual reality?
a. | portal | b. | Web app | c. | multimedia | d. | Java applet |
|
|
|
6.
|
Which of the following is the process of transferring data in a continuous and
even flow, which allows users to access and use a file while it is transmitting?
a. | Casting | b. | Streaming | c. | Surfing | d. | Flowing |
|
|
|
7.
|
What is the term for a combination of user name and domain name that identifies
a user so he or she can receive Internet e-mail?
a. | e-mail link | b. | e-mail address | c. | e-mail
reference | d. | user clause |
|
|
|
8.
|
Which of the following is a computer program that can damage files and the
operating system?
a. | deadly link | b. | virus | c. | aggregate | d. | threat |
|
|
|
9.
|
Which of the following is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a
computer?
a. | chat | b. | voip | c. | confab | d. | quick talk |
|
|
|
10.
|
Which of the following is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup article
sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once?
a. | An emoticon | b. | Spam | c. | A
flame | d. | FAQ |
|
|
|
COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT
|
|
|
11.
|
Which of the following networks had these two goals: a) allowing scientists to
work together on scientific projects; and, b) functioning even if part of the network was destroyed
by a nuclear attack?
a. | W3C | b. | IBMNet | c. | ARPANET | d. | NSFnet |
|
|
|
12.
|
Which of the following identifies broadband Internet connections?
a. | FTP, OSP, IP | b. | DSL, Wi-Fi, cellular radio
network | c. | IP, Wi-Fi, FTTP | d. | OSP, cellular radio network,
FTP |
|
|
|
13.
|
What is the purpose of an Internet Protocol address (IP address)?
a. | It specifies whether a computer is using a broadband network or a direct-dial
network. | b. | It differentiates between a server computer and a client computer and contains codes
to identify whether the computer can send data or receive data. | c. | It contains the
protocol schema used to identify whether the computer is on a wired or wireless
network. | d. | It uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the
Internet. |
|
|
|
14.
|
If your cousin wanted to view information from the World Wide Web, what
application software would you tell her to be sure she has on her computer?
a. | Web browser | b. | Word processor | c. | DNS server support
system | d. | ISP interface resolution and handshake configuration
controller |
|
|
|
15.
|
When visiting Web pages, why would someone use a bookmark?
a. | to identify Web pages containing objectionable material that you want to
avoid | b. | to push information to a Web server | c. | to display the IPv4 address of a Web
server | d. | to save the Web address of a Web page you might want to visit
again |
|
|
|
16.
|
Which of the following are two criteria search engines use to determine the
priority of search results?
a. | bombing and relevancy | b. | popularity and sponsorship
contributions | c. | relevancy and popularity | d. | link dependency and search text
consistency |
|
|
|
17.
|
Because anyone can make an entry on a wiki, what is true about wikis?
a. | They are unreliable for any type of research. | b. | They are entirely
reliable and are used as authoritative sources in all research. | c. | They are a good
starting point for researching a fact, but the information from a wiki probably should be verified
using another source. | d. | Any research information from any source should
be verified using a wiki. |
|
|
|
18.
|
What is multimedia?
a. | multiple uses of nontext information such as drawings and videos | b. | a description of Web
pages that require special software and Web connections to display graphic
waveforms | c. | the combination of text, graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or virtual
reality | d. | GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF |
|
|
|
19.
|
Which of the following identify the five steps in Web publishing?
a. | load plug-ins; deploy the Web site; maintain the Web site; update the Web site;
upgrade the Web server | b. | plan the Web site; analyze and design the Web
site; create the Web site; deploy the Web site; maintain the Web site | c. | plan, analyze, and
design the Web site; plan and purchase servers and server software; create and deploy the Web site;
test the Web site for both commercial and consumer use; modify the Web site based on analytics
developed through the Web site use | d. | plan the Web site; design the Web site; create
and deploy the Web site; update the Web site; create usage analytics for further Web site
enhancements |
|
|
|
20.
|
What are Gmail and Hotmail?
a. | FTP servers | b. | free e-mail Web
applications | c. | high-speed e-mail addresses used by FTP | d. | virus detectors for
e-mail programs |
|
True/False Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
|
|
|
1.
|
The goal of ARPANET was to build a network that allowed scientists at different
physical locations to share information and work together on military and scientific projects.
|
|
|
2.
|
Many public locations, such as airports, hotels, schools, shopping malls, and
coffee shops, are hotspots that provide Wi-Fi Internet connections to users with mobile computers or
devices.
|
|
|
3.
|
Despite their larger size, national ISPs usually offer fewer services and have a
smaller technical support staff than regional ISPs.
|
|
|
4.
|
When you specify a domain name, the DNS server translates the domain name to its
associated IP address of that data and information can be routed to the correct computer.
|
|
|
5.
|
Most current Web browsers support tabbed browsing, where the top of the browser
displays a tab for each Web page you open.
|
|
|
6.
|
An entertainment Web site contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or
idea.
|
|
|
7.
|
The more compressed the graphics file, the smaller the image and the higher the
quality.
|
|
|
8.
|
An Internet connection is not necessary for participating in e-commerce.
|
|
|
9.
|
Computers cannot get a virus through e-mail.
|
|
|
10.
|
Calls to other parties with the same Internet telephone service often are
free.
|


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The Party Warriors
“Don't book us if you don't want your club on fire.”
That’s how The Party Warriors describe themselves as a DJ-act. you don't book just three DJ's, you book 3 entertainers who really enjoy what they're doing. Having grown up with a passion for EDM, Those three guys dream about making their job of their hobby every night.
“For us, it’s all about having fun and doing what we love to do. Playing tracks that get you jumping on the dancefloor, losing your mind and make you singing along lyrics of real bangers, regardless of genre, style, or release date is what we do and how we role."
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text.  Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32


Hi! I am a Software Development Engineer at Amazon.
I'm always eager to explore new areas in computer science. My research interests are human-computer interaction, machine learning, cybersecurity, blockchain technology, and software practices. I want to create novel interfaces that would provide accessibility for people of diverse backgrounds.
You can usually find me lurking in the lab, playing badminton, or reviewing Japanese in Math Club... I also frequently attend Hackathons and enjoy challenging myself with various competitive programming and security contests. I am an active participant of Designing for People, UBC ICPC Competitive Programming Club, UBC Launchpad, UBC Emerging Media Lab, Undergraduate Mathematics Society, Computer Science Student Society, and UBC Capture the Flag
If any of our interests align, feel free to chat with me on Linkedin!
My SkillsAshish Chopra, Morgan Mo, Samuel Dodson, Ivan Beschastnikh, Sidney Fels, and Dongwook Yoon. 2021.
CSCW 2021 · Full Paper · Awarded for Impact Recognition


cup.services package¶
Submodules¶
cup.services.autowait module¶
| description: | auto wait related modules. |
|---|
-
cup.services.autowait.
wait_until_file_exist
(dst_path, file_name, max_wait_sec=10, interval_sec=2, recursive=False)[source]¶ wait util the file exists or the function timeout
Parameters: - dst_path – searching path
- file_name – filename, support *
- max_wait_sec – max wating time until timeout
- interval_sec – check interval
- recursive – recursively search or not
Returns: True if found.
-
cup.services.autowait.
wait_until_reg_str_exist
(dst_file_path, reg_str, max_wait_sec=10, interval_sec=0.5)[source]¶ wait until any line in the file matches the reg_str(regular expression string)
Parameters: - dst_file_path – searching path
- reg_str – regular expression string
- max_wait_sec – maximum waiting time until timeout
- interval_sec – state check interval
Returns: True if found
-
cup.services.autowait.
wait_until_process_not_exist
(process_path, max_wait_sec=10, interval_sec=0.5)[source]¶ wait until the process does not exist anymore or the function timeouts
Parameters: - process_path – process cwd
- max_wait_sec – maximum waiting time until timeout. 10 seconds by default
- interval_sec – state check interval, 0.5 second by default
Returns: return True if the process disapper before timeout
-
cup.services.autowait.
wait_until_port_used
(port, max_wait_sec=10, interval_sec=0.5)[source]¶ wait until the port is used. Notice this function will invoke a bash shell to execute command [netstat]!
Returns: return True if the port is used
-
cup.services.autowait.
wait_until_process_used_ports
(process_path, ports, max_wait_sec=10, interval_sec=0.5)[source]¶ wait until the process has taken the ports before timeouts
Returns: True if all ports are used by the specific process. False, otherwise
-
cup.services.autowait.
wait_until_port_not_used
(port, max_wait_sec=10, interval_sec=0.5)[source]¶ wait until the port is free
Returns: return True if the port is free before timeout
-
cup.services.autowait.
wait_until_process_exist
(process_path, max_wait_sec=10, interval_sec=0.5)[source]¶ wait until the process exists
Parameters: - process_path – the specific process working path
- max_wait_sec – maximum waiting time until timeout
- interval_sec – state check interval
Returns: return True if the process is found before timeout
-
cup.services.autowait.
wait_until_process_killed
(process_path, ports, max_wait_sec=10, interval_sec=0.5)[source]¶ wait until the [process] does not exists and all [ports] are free
Parameters: - process_path – process cwd
- ports – port list
- interval_sec – state check interval
Returns: True if all conditions meet.
cup.services.buffers module¶
| description: | buffer pool |
|---|
-
class
cup.services.buffers.
Buffer
(items, block_size, uniqid)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Buffer object which you get from BufferPool.allocate(num)
cup.services.executor module¶
| description: |
|
|---|
-
class
cup.services.executor.
ExecutionService
(delay_exe_thdnum=3, queue_exec_thdnum=4)[source]¶ Bases:
object
execution service
-
delay_exec
(delay_time_insec, function, urgency, *args, **kwargs)[source]¶ delay_execute function after delay_time seconds
You can use urgency := executor.URGENCY_NORMAL, by default
TODO: consider about stopping timers when invoking stop function
-
cup.services.generator module¶
class CGeneratorMan(object)¶
Generate unique integers, strings and auto incremental uint. Notice CGeneratorMan is a singleton class, which means cup will keep only 1 instance per process.
| init: |
|
|---|---|
| methods: |
|
cup.services.heartbeat module¶
| description: | heartbeat related module |
|---|
-
class
cup.services.heartbeat.
Device
(name)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Base class for all devices in heartbeat service
-
class
cup.services.heartbeat.
HeartbeatService
(judge_lost_in_sec, keep_lost=False)[source]¶ Bases:
object
HeartBeat service
-
class
cup.services.heartbeat.
LinuxHost
(name, init_this_host=False, iface='eth0', port=0)[source]¶ Bases:
cup.services.heartbeat.Device
a linux host resource
-
set_ip_port
(ipaddr)[source]¶ set ip information
Parameters: ipaddr – ipaddr should be string and something like <IP_ADDRESS>
-
set_linux_res_bydict
(info_dict)[source]¶ - {
- ‘iface’: ‘eth0’, ‘ipaddr’: ‘<IP_ADDRESS>’, ‘port’: 8089, ‘cpu_idle’: 50, ‘mem_inuse’: 1024, # MB ‘mem_total’: 8192, ‘net_in’: 8192, # kb ‘net_out’: 102400, # kb
}
-
cup.services.msgbroker module¶
| description: | Msg Broker Service. Every component of a process can produce_msg |
|---|
-
class
cup.services.msgbroker.
BrokerCenter
(name)[source]¶ Bases:
cup.services.msgbroker.BaseBroker
Errmsg broker center
-
class
cup.services.msgbroker.
SystemErrmsgBroker
(name)[source]¶ Bases:
cup.services.msgbroker.BrokerCenter
system errmsg broker, you can use it to determine whether exiting from the system is on the way
-
register_msgtype_callback
(path, msg_type, callback_func)[source]¶ register msgtype with callback functions
-
cup.services.serializer module¶
| description: | serilizers including local file serilizer |
|---|
-
class
cup.services.serializer.
LogRecord
(length, log_id, log_type, log_mode, log_binary)¶ Bases:
tuple
-
length
¶ Alias for field number 0
-
log_binary
¶ Alias for field number 4
-
log_id
¶ Alias for field number 1
-
log_mode
¶ Alias for field number 3
-
log_type
¶ Alias for field number 2
-
-
class
cup.services.serializer.
LocalFileSerilizer
(storage_dir, skip_badlog=False, max_logfile_size=65536)[source]¶ Bases:
cup.services.serializer.BaseSerilizer
local file serilizer
-
open4write
(truncate_last_failure=True)[source]¶ Raises: Exception – if encounter any IOError, will raise IOError(errmsg)
-
purge_data
(before_logid)[source]¶ log files which contains log (less than before_logid) will be purged.
-
read
(record_num=128)[source]¶ load log into memory
Notice: If skip_badlog is not True, will raise IOError if the stream encounters any error.
Otherwise, the stream will skip the bad log file, move to next one and continue reading
Returns: - return a list of “record_num” of LogRecords.
b. If the count number of list is less than record_num, it means the stream encounter EOF, plz read again afterwards.
- If the returned is None, it means the stream got nothing, plz
- try again.
-
cup.services.threadpool module¶
| description: | Guannan back-ported threadpool from twisted.python. if any concern, plz contact Guannan<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
|---|---|
| license: |
|
-
class
cup.services.threadpool.
ThreadPool
(minthreads=5, maxthreads=20, name=None, daemon_threads=False)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Threadpool class
-
add_1job
(func, *args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Add one job that you want the pool to schedule. Notice if you need to handle data after finishing [func], plz use [add_1job_with_callback] which supports a [callback] option.
Parameters: - func – function that will be scheduled by the thread pool
- *args –
args that the [func] needs
- **kw –
kwargs that [func] needs
-
add_1job_with_callback
(result_callback, func, *args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Parameters: - result_callback –
plz notice whether succeed or fail, the result_callback function will be called after [func] is called.
function result_callback needs to accept two parameters: (ret_in_bool, result). (True, result) will be passed to the [func] on success. (False, result) will be passed otherwise.
- if [func] raise any Exception, result_callback will get (False,
- failure_info) as well.
- func – same to func for add_1job
- *args –
args for [func]
- **kwargs –
kwargs for [func]
- result_callback –
-
dump_stats
(print_stdout=False)[source]¶ Dump the threadpool stat to log or stdout. Info is from class method [get_stats]
-
get_stats
()[source]¶ get threadpool running stats waiters_num is pending thread num working_num is working thread num thread_num is the total size of threads
- ::
- stat = {} stat[‘queue_len’] = self._jobqueue.qsize() stat[‘waiters_num’] = len(self._waiters) stat[‘working_num’] = len(self._working) stat[‘thread_num’] = len(self._threads)
-
Module contents¶
@author Guannan Ma @mythmgn


This post was originally published elsewhere and has been put here with the author's permission. You can see where it was originally published here.
{{ content }}
{% unless page.no_comments %}
{% include disqus.html disqus_identifier=page.disqus_identifier %}
{% endunless %}


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Example - Forms {% endblock %} {% block content %} Contact Ministry of Justice Name Email We will only use this to send you a response. Email confirmation Type of correspondence Please select an option General enquiries Freedom of information request Topic Please select an option Prisons Courts Legal aid Probation I don't know/more than one/other Message {% endblock %}


---
layout: post
title: links for 2007-03-13
date: 2007-03-13 00:00:00
---
-
"All our apps have Asperger's. They can't read our faces, movement, tone or anything."
-
"The game works a bit like 'hangman' where players have to guess who sang a particular lyric."
-
"We may not have influence on the physical factors of this, but we certainly have a large influence over how our brains deal with and process that information and how we behave subsequently."
-
Predictive commandline interfaces are the future of mobile? Hmm, why haven't google bought Qix yet...


Configuring Site Log Settings for all Sites
How to configure the default settings for all Site Logs within this DNN installation. By default, the Site Log is unavailable on all sites and must be configured here to make it available.
- Navigate to Host > Host Settings.
- Select the Other Settings tab.
- At Site Log Storage, select how site log files are stored from these options:
- Database: Select to store the Site Log data in the DNN database.
- File System: Select to store the Site Log data in the Website/Portals/PortalID/Logs folder on the server where your website is hosted.
- In the Site Log Buffer text box, enter the number of Items to buffer before sending them to the database. This field allows Site Log Events (e.g. Logins, Navigation, etc.) to be collected into a buffer before being sent to the database. By default this is set at 1 item, which means that the buffer will be sent to the database when it has one event in it. For example if the Site Log Buffer is set to 20 items, then 20 log events will need to occur before the buffer will be sent to the database.
- In the Site Log History text box, enter the default number of Days which the Site Log history is kept for. The default setting is zero ( 0 ) days which makes the site log unavailable to all sites.
-
Click the Update button.
Related Topics:
-
See "Editing Host Settings for a Site"


Meister Launches 10 New Colorways of the Ultra Slim Watch for Black Friday
The perfect unisex gift.
by Nate LouisFresh off its collaboration with Marvel for an Avengers: Endgame capsule collection, Meister is launching 10 new colorways of the refined Ultra Slim watch for its Winter 2019 collection. A special offering for Black Friday, each new colorway of the Ultra Slim will be limited to only 50 pieces.
The Ultra Slim watch serves as an important mark for the evolution the Meister brand. The design is based off the flagship Ambassador model, updated with 37mm case slimmed down to just 8.6mm thick. The accessory is a versatile unisex timepiece, with a clean looking aesthetic, stainless steel or leather band and roman numerals for hour markers. The water resistant watch will now feature a multitude of colorways, so whether you’re looking for the perfect gift or shopping for yourself this Black Friday, there’s something for everybody.
Don’t miss out on your chance to cop any of the 10 new colorways of Meister’s Ultra Slim watch, which are available now on the brand’s website with prices starting at $150 USD.


public class Polynom
extends java.lang.Object
implements myMath.Polynom_able
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Polynom()
a constructor for building an array to store the Monoms;
|
Polynom(java.lang.String s) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
add(Monom m1)
This function is to add a single Monom to array list;
|
void |
add(myMath.Polynom_able p1)
This function is adding two polynoms by runnig all over the array list and
add between two with add Monom function
|
double |
area(double x0,
double x1,
double eps)
This function is compute the area above the axis x of this polynom at range
of x0,x1 and step of eps.
|
double |
AreaUnderAxisX(double x0,
double x1,
double eps) |
myMath.Polynom_able |
copy()
This function is a deep copy of this polynom;
|
myMath.Polynom_able |
derivative()
This function is to derivative this polynom;
|
void |
DrawPolynom() |
boolean |
equals(myMath.Polynom_able p1)
This function is to check if two polynoms are equals by running over two
polynoms and check if the Monoms are equals
|
double |
f(double x)
This function is gets value x and returns the f(x)= a*x^b over all Monom at
the array list and sum them;
|
boolean |
isZero()
This function is to check if the polynom is zero by running over polynom and
check if the coefficient at the Monoms are 0;
|
java.util.Iterator<Monom> |
iteretor()
This function is to create an iterator over this polynom.
|
void |
multiply(myMath.Polynom_able p1)
This function is to multiply between two polynoms by running over this
polynom and multiply between the Monom at this polynom and p1 Monom
|
double |
root(double x0,
double x1,
double eps)
This function is to find the cut of the polynom with axis x between the rang
of x0 ,x1 and precision of eps .
|
int |
size() |
void |
substract(myMath.Polynom_able p1)
This function is subtract between to polynom by multiply the given polynom p1
by -1 and use the add polynom function to subtract;
|
java.lang.String |
toString()
This function print the polynom as a string
|
public Polynom()
public Polynom(java.lang.String s)
public double f(double x)
public void add(myMath.Polynom_able p1)
add
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
p1
- the polynom to add with;public void add(Monom m1)
add
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
m1
- The Monom object to add;public void substract(myMath.Polynom_able p1)
substract
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
p1
- polynom to substract with.public void multiply(myMath.Polynom_able p1)
multiply
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
p1
- polynom to multiply with.public boolean equals(myMath.Polynom_able p1)
equals
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
p1
- polynom to equal with.public boolean isZero()
isZero
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
public double root(double x0, double x1, double eps)
root
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
x0
- start range in axis x.x1
- end range in axis x.eps
- precision to reach.public myMath.Polynom_able copy()
copy
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
public myMath.Polynom_able derivative()
derivative
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
public double area(double x0, double x1, double eps)
area
in interface cont_function
area
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
x0
- start range in axis x.x1
- end range in axis x.eps
- the step in axis x.public double AreaUnderAxisX(double x0, double x1, double eps)
public java.util.Iterator<Monom> iteretor()
iteretor
in interface myMath.Polynom_able
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object
public int size()
public void DrawPolynom()


SearchCriteriaPublishedStatus
public enum SearchCriteriaPublishedStatus
This only applies when we are logged in as an admin. We can search for published, unpublished, or both kinds of meetings. Additionally, this only applies to meetings that are under the logged-in admin’s control. Meetings outside their control will always only show published meetings.
-
Only show meetings that are marked as
unpublished
(and are also in the control of the logged-in adminstrator).Declaration
Swift
case Unpublished
-
Only show published meetings.
Declaration
Swift
case Published
-
Show both published and unpublished meetings.
Declaration
Swift
case Both


Compilers are good for… compiling.
compiler :: Source -> Input -> Output -- Oversimplified...
compiler :: Source -> Maybe (Input -> Output) -- Still oversimplified
…but what if there is more to them than that?
type Source = Text
compiler :: Source -> Error (Input -> Output) -- Still oversimplified
magic = fmap (const ()) . compiler :: Text -> Error ()
data Tag = Fiction | Programming | FunctionalProgramming
data Status = Done | Reading Rational | Todo
data Language = EN | SK | CZ
data Format = TextBook | AudioBook
data Book = Book
{ name :: String
, authors :: [String]
, progress :: Status
, notes :: String
, language :: Language
, format :: Format
, tags :: [Tag]
}
;-)
.
Of course, you can do very similar things with other compilers as well, though there is something to Haskell that makes it well suited for this.
P.S.: For extra awesomeness do not forget to throw in some version control.
Thank you for your attention.


Located approximately 25nm south west of Angra dos Reis, Paraty is an attractive historic city with great walks, waterfalls and landscape. It is also a popular sailing centre.
Position 23º 13’ S, 044º 42’W.
Last updated June 2013.
There are several marinas here and numerous sheltered places to anchor in the bay and in the vicinity of the town.
All the normal services provided in a tourist destination are to be found here.
Last updated July 2015.


{% if reached_limit %}
{% trans %}
You currently have a community account which can host up to three
podcasts. If you'd like to start another, please upgrade to a paid plan
or contact our support team.
{% endtrans %}
{% else %}
{% trans %}
The podcast migration tool is only available to paid customers. Upgrading
your account to any paid plan will give you access.
{% endtrans %}
{% endif %}
{{ _('Upgrade Now') }}


Hello there, awesome person! I am Aleena K T ,First year b-tech student at nss college of engineering palakkad
FB
TW
IG
LI


Over the course of the year we will be highlighting some of the amazing students in the Cornell University CIS community. We want to share your stories with the world! Got some advice to share? A surprising college experience? Just want to rant? Or do you have a friend who you know would have an awesome story to tell? Submit this Google form to sign up for a quick, casual interview and a photo, and see yourself/your friend on our FB page!


Next: initialize-instance, Previous: find-method, Up: Objects Dictionary
add-method
generic-function method ⇒ generic-function
add-method
(generic-function standard-generic-function)
(method method)
generic-function—a generic function object.
method—a method object.
The generic function add-method adds a method to a generic function.
If method agrees with an existing method of generic-function on parameter specializers and qualifiers, the existing method is replaced.
The lambda list of the method function of method must be congruent with the lambda list of generic-function, or an error of type error is signaled.
If method is a method object of another generic function, an error of type error is signaled.
defmethod, defgeneric, find-method, remove-method, Agreement on Parameter Specializers and Qualifiers


Key Performance Indicator¶
KPIs are selected by leadership. They represent a leadership opinion that the values they elevate will correlate with some notion of success.
The hope is that an organization will increasingly adopt behavior that favorably influences these KPIs.
KPI as an organizational metric¶
An engineering organization will engage in activities that discover risk scenarios and mitigate them.
The difficulty is that completely different engineering disciplines may be engaged in preventing similar outcomes. These organizations may think that their efforts should be measured and managed differently than one another.
This is true. However, varying disciplines will still contribute to some notions of risk. For instance, a team focused on software errors and a physical security team at a datacenter may both concerned with the confidentiality of data.
Both organizations may track incidents with a qualifier like SEV or P0. Should either of them see a failure putting the confidentiality of data at risk, both of them may declare a SEV0
for instance.
During a retrospective analysis, both would be judged as a failure to assure confidentiality.
An organization with consistent incident management can have multiple risk organizations contribute to the decomposition of a single, probabilistic measure. A failure can occur in organizations with differing subject matter and ultimately result in the same undesirable scenario.
Protecting a KPI from cultural toxicity¶
KPIs are subject to organizational toxicity whether they are objectively measurable or approximated through expert elicitation. An organization should avoid “risk” being overly valued as the individual performance measure.
Instead, a performance management focus on the completion of activities that measure, discover, and mitigate risk is more attractive for performance assessment. These contributions should be viewed independently of the risk measure.
Otherwise, the measurement methods themselves may be manipulated in an attempt to eliminate risk artificially.
An organization that aspires to have a reliable measure of risk will see efforts to reliably forecast risk while simultaneously reducing it.


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#include <TMC2160_bitfields.h>
|
| constexpr static uint8_t | address = 0x04 |
| |
Definition at line 5 of file TMC2160_bitfields.h.
◆ @49
◆ address
| constexpr static uint8_t TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::address = 0x04 |
|
staticconstexpr |
◆ dco_cfg6
| bool TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::dco_cfg6 |
◆ drv_enn
| bool TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::drv_enn |
◆ enca_dcin_cfg5
| bool TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::enca_dcin_cfg5 |
◆ encb_dcen_cfg4
| bool TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::encb_dcen_cfg4 |
◆ refl_step
| bool TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::refl_step |
◆ refr_dir
| bool TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::refr_dir |
◆ sr
| uint32_t TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::sr |
◆ uint16_t
| bool TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::uint16_t |
◆ version
| uint8_t TMC2160_n::IOIN_t::version |
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file:


Piste is a simple two-player game of board control, with a loose "hand-to-hand combat" theme.
At the start of the game, one player controls a number of spaces at the top of the board, and the other player controls a number of spaces at the bottom. The players will play cards to expand their control and reduce their opponent's control, earning points for any spaces they are able to maintain control of.
Piste is played on a board with hexagonal spaces. At the start of the game, the board looks like this:
The region in the middle is initially not controlled by either player. The two similarly-colored regions at the top are controlled by one player (who will be referred to as the "top player"), and the two regions at the bottom are controlled by the other player (referred to as the "bottom player").
The reason that the uppermost and lowermost spaces in each column are colored differently is that those are each player's "core" spaces, which they can never lose control of.
Most board spaces containing a number indicating how many points that space is worth, with an arrow pointing toward the player who can score for controlling that space. Spaces without a number aren't worth any points to either player.
Each player has a hand of cards, which will be shown to the right of the board. To the right of the players' hands, you'll see each player's score, along with an indication of whose turn it is. This will look something like this:
At the start of the game, a random player is chosen to take the first turn.
On each turn, the following things happen in this order:
Each of these is described in more detail in the following sections.
At the start of your turn, for each space you control that's closer to your opponent's side of the board than to yours, you'll earn the number of points shown in that space.

The "core" spaces at the top and bottom of the board work a little differently; you can never control your opponent's core spaces, but you score immediately if you hit them. See the section on capturing spaces.
To make it slightly easier to see which spaces score for which player (especially near the center of the board), each space that's worth points has an arrow pointing toward the player who can score points by controlling it.
One row of spaces in the middle of the board is equally close to both sides and is therefore not worth points to either player, so the spaces in that row don't have numbers in them.
To play a card, you'll first have to select it by clicking on it. You can change which card is selected by clicking on a different one, or you can deselect your current card by clicking on it again.
After selecting a card, you'll have to choose a legal place to play it on the board.
Note that each card has an illustration containing two types of spaces:
For example, consider this card (the illustration on the left is for the top player, and the one on the right is for the bottom player):
In order to play this card, you must control two vertically-adjacent spaces. If you do, the card lets you capture the next five spaces toward your opponent in the same column.
While you have a card selected, moving your mouse around the board will let you see where it can be played and what the effects will be. Below is a demonstration that allows you to try this out. The demo is somewhat randomized; click the button below it to try out different cards for different players.
Things to note:
Once you've chosen where to play your card, click the mouse in order to capture the circled spaces. (Note that the demo above is just meant to illustrate targeting and won't do anything if you click on it.)
"Capturing" means one of two things depending on what kind of space you're capturing.
If you capture a neutral space, or a non-core space controlled by your opponent, the space switches to your control. On your future turns, you'll score points for the space if you still control it at the start of your turn.
You can't gain control of your opponent's core spaces, but instead, if you capture one of them, you'll immediately earn points for it.
As such, capturing core spaces is better for getting points immediately but typically worse for getting points over multiple turns, especially considering that when you're playing that close to your opponent's side of the board, they will likely be able to recapture many of the other spaces you took control of at the same time that you hit their core.
You can only retain control of spaces that form a contiguous group with your core spaces. Any spaces that aren't part of a contiguous group with their controller's core will be set to neutral in this step.
Usually this happens because the active player captured some of the spaces that were previously connecting others of their opponent's spaces to their core. However, it can also happen to the active player, if you play a card whose effect captures some spaces that aren't connected to the required spaces, or if the captured spaces have a hook-like shape and some of the spaces in the middle of the hook land in your opponent's core. (At the time of this writing, only Lunge falls into the first category, and no cards fall into the second.)
The card you played will be discarded after you play it. In order to keep players' hands from getting clogged with weak cards, the leftmost card you didn't play will also be discarded.
After those two cards are discarded, whatever remains will be shifted to the left, and new cards will be added to bring your hand back up to the hand size. At the time of this writing, the game simply generates new cards every time; you might end up with multiple copies of the same card, and cards you've seen recently are just as likely to be generated as cards that haven't appeared all game.
As soon as either player reaches a certain target number of points, the game ends and that player wins.
This happens whether the points are earned by capturing core spaces or by controlling spaces at the start of the turn. If you hit the target score by capturing one or more of your opponent's core spaces, you win even if your opponent would have earned enough points to beat your score at the start of their turn.
You might now want to:


C# is a challenging language with lots of nuance. Don't underestimate it.
Java is great for mobile applications.
Drupal, like WordPress, allows you to use pre-built templates to make sites. It's great for this purpose.
Ruby is the popular language that built the Ruby on Rails framework. It's fun, simple, and helps you put out a website very quickly.


---
title: "View Elsmere Fire Company Live Run Log
Pics"
description: "Since 1921, we have responded to fire, rescue and ems calls."
date: "2020-06-28"
categories:
- "Logo"
images:
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View Elsmere Fire Company Live Run Log
Pics. Tuesday november, 17 2020 @ 18:25. Elsmere is one of seven hamlets in the town of bethlehem, along with delmar, glenmont, selkirk, slingerlands and south and north bethlehem.
Wilmington show map thursday january, 14 2021 @ 18:26. All pump/tank measurements are in us gallons. Help us to continue making a difference in our comunity.
Contact the administrative unit for more information.
21655 biden av georgetown, de 19947 cross streets: Tossed in spicy korean or 1866 fire sauce $14.00. 21655 biden av georgetown, de 19947 cross streets: This purchase was made possible by the department of homeland security federal emergency management.


To get your closed trades, use the ClosedTrades property.
ClosedTrades
var trades = TradeBuilder.ClosedTrades;
trades = self.TradeBuilder.ClosedTrades
This property returns a list of Trade objects, which have the following attributes:
Trade


[§305J-1] Post-secondary education authorization program; establishment. There is established a post-secondary education authorization program within the department of commerce and consumer affairs, to be administered by the director of commerce and consumer affairs. [L 2013, c 180, pt of §2]


10.39. Release 0.77
Parametric Types
Presto now has a framework for implementing parametric types and functions. Support for ARRAY and MAP types has been added, including the element accessor operator [], and new Array Functions and Operators.
Streaming Index Joins
Index joins will now switch to use a key-by-key streaming join if index results fail to fit in the allocated index memory space.
Distributed Joins
Joins where both tables are distributed are now supported. This allows larger tables to be joined, and can be enabled with the distributed-joins-enabled flag. It may perform worse than the existing broadcast join implementation because it requires redistributing both tables. This feature is still experimental, and should be used with caution.
Hive Changes
- Handle spurious AbortedException when closing S3 input streams
- Add support for ORC, DWRF and Parquet in Hive
- Add support for DATE type in Hive
- Fix performance regression in Hive when reading VARCHAR columns
Kafka Changes
- Fix Kafka handling of default port
- Add support for Kafka messages with a null key
General Changes
- Fix race condition in scheduler that could cause queries to hang
- Add ConnectorPageSource which is a more efficient interface for column-oriented sources
- Add support for string partition keys in Cassandra
- Add support for variable arity functions
- Add support for count() for all types
- Fix bug in HashAggregation that could cause the operator to go in an infinite loop


Spatial distribution of islands where ExpPD loss is higher than expected at random: ( a) considering all genera; ( b) considering only genera that are endemic to islands. Curves at the top and to the left of the maps represent the fitted distribution of p-values ind (cubic smoothing spline) along longitudes and latitudes.