Text 10.1
*ngara-ngari-gay
her nest
Jabiru (crane) went along. She was perched there first (i.e. before the others arrived), at a huge billabong (pond). She sat there, (at) her nest.
* Contains root /-ay/ 'nest' and 3FSgder /-ngariG-/ as well as 3FSg ngara-. Without derivational prefixes, /-ay/ takes the form a:y (see below, 10.6)
Text 10.2
*na:-'na:-'na=nima:-'
he held him by the armc
wandulu-miri
by means of walking stick
wini=ya-nggi
they (two) wentc
ani=warangga:-Ø
he looked
ni-yama=yama:-Ø,
he did thatc
na:-'na:-'na=nima:-'
he held him by the armc
A hoy and his father. He (the hoy) held him by the arm. By means of a walking stick (staff) (the old man walked). The two of them went along to there (the billabong). The father could not look (i.e. was blind). He did like this (groping along). He (the son) held him by the arm. (I.e. the father was old, blind, and decrepit.)
* Reduplication of /-ana=nima-/ with /-ana-/ 'arm' and /=nima-/ 'to hold', plus 3MSg/3MSga prefix /nu-/. The compound /-ana=nima-/ is irregular in that the retroflexion of the first nasal induces retroflexion of the second, hence -ana-nima-
Text 10.3
ya:-ni:-'la,
it is here coming
"guda:::rg!
(call of brolga)
guda:::rg!
(call of brolga)
guda:::rg!"
(call of brolga)
wa:ng-guy
to whatchamacallit
"ya:-ni:-'la
it is here coming
nany=ja:-ri:
we (InDu) will goc
Then along here came the sound of the brolga singing, "guda:::rg!" It was doing like that, toward the billabong. (The hoy said to his father,) "The brolga is calling from over in that direction. It is over here. Let's go that way to the billabong. We will go to that billabong and there we will drink some water."
Note: Brolgas (see texts 6 and 7) are large birds who tend to stay near billabongs and whose call is loud and conspicuous. Here the boy and his father hear a brolga calling and infer that a billabong is nearby.
Text 10.4
wini-yangga=ya-nggi
they (MDu) wentc
wini-yangga=ya-nggi
they (MDu) wentc
They both went along. There was the billabong, stretching out widely. Then he (the boy) went on further. (He told his father,) "You stay here. All right?" "Yes," he said.
Text 10.5
na:-'=galima-ny,
he got water for him
na:-'=galima-ny
he got water for him
ni-yangga=ya-nggi:::
he wentc
ngi-wudhu=wudhi-Ø,
she was perchedc
As for the son, he went along. He collected some water for him (in a paperbark container). He got it for him (the father) and went along back. As for her (Jabiru), she was sitting up in a tree then.
Text 10.6
nga:='riba:-',
he did not see herc
wini-yangga=ya-nggi:::
they (MDu) wentc
ni=walima-ny
he got waterp
He did not see her up in her nest. She perched (there), that Jabiru. He (the boy) went along. He got some water. He drank. He stooped down (to drink). He drank the water.
Note: wini- 3MDua in the second line is an error; emend to ni- 3MSga. The boy (the son of the old man) is the only subject.
Text 10.7
ninggu-lili=galhari-ny
it made him feel bloatedp
ninggu-lili=galhari-ny
(see above)
ni-dan-gara=gayi-ny
he was hurt in the gutsp
ni-dan-gara=gayi-ny,
(see above)
ni-yangga=ya-nggi:::
he wentc
Then it (the water) made him feel a little bloated and dizzy here (in the belly). He was feeling funny in the guts. He went along, but then he fell asleep. He slept for a long time.
Text 10.8
ngi=garaji-ny
she jumpedp
an-uwa-ga:-'la
from there
da-gi:-'la-wugij
she is still coming there
ngi=yama:-'
she did thatc
ngi:-'na=waldha-ngi
she stretched out her wingsc
ngi=ralhi-ny,
she landedp
Then she (Jabiru) saw him. She flew down quickly from there. She was coming toward him. She did that, she stretched out her wings (to fly). She landed.
Text 10.9
ngiwa:-'dha:-'=dhida-ngi
she poked herself through it (ground)
ngunu-nana=na-ni
she saw himc
ni-yama=yama:-'
he did thatc
nini
gulu-
ngulu=wa
larlha-n
gi,
he was lying on his backc
ngiwa:-'=dhidi-ny
she poked through itp (see above)
ngiwa:-'=dhidi-ny
(see above)
ngiwa:'=dhidi-ny
(see above)
ngiwa:-'=dhidi-ny
(see above)
ngiwa:-'=dhidi-ny
(see above)
Then she poked through the mud (in which the boy had fallen). She saw him.  She poked through it (the mud) several times. She was about to poke through it again.
Note: Jabiru has a general idea where the boy is because she sees a bulge in the mud at the side of the billabong. However, she has to poke with her long bill into this area several times before she actually hits the boy.
Text 10.10
she severed him at the waistc
ma:-'ra=munymulhi-Ø,
it (blood) layc
Then she cut through him at the waist, along here. She cut him up (with her long bill) and ate him. There was nothing but blood lying there.
Text 10.11
ni-mun=barwara-ngi
he felt twinge in shoulder
ni-mun=barwara-ngi
(see above)
ni-mun=barwara-ngi,
(see above)
ni-munbu=mun=barwara-ngi
he felt twinge in shoulder
something,
something awful
ga:nganyung"
fearsome thing
He (the father) felt a twinge in his shoulder, here. He was struck by the premonition that some monster was attacking his son.
Note: There is a common notion that, even now, Aboriginal people can 'feel' that a close relative is in danger or dying, even at a great distance. This usually takes the form of a sharp twinge in a body part. Some living Aboriginals claim that they felt such a sign and later learned that a relative of theirs had died at that instant in some distant location. The term ga:ngganyung means 'monster', 'some awful thing', or the like with emphasis both on its unknown identity and its dangerous qualities. English 'something' is used by Milton in the same sense.
Text 10.12
he cut himself in the eyep
he cut himself in the eyec
ni=warangga-ny
he lookedp
Quickly he picked something like this up. A stone, he picked up a stone. Then he slashed it across his eyes. He cut himself along here, over the eyes. He kept cutting his eyes some more. Then he blinked, and shouted "ouch!" Then he was able to look (i.e. his vision returned), just like they (most people) can see.
Note: In niwu=mi-ny 'he picked it up ' at the beginning of this segment, Milton uses ANA(wu) object, but this is only because he has not yet come up with the concrete noun, namely nuga 'stone'. Once he comes up with the noun the noun class shifts to MANA, hence nima=mi-ny in the second line.
Text 10.13
ni=warangga-ny
he lookedp
ni-wula=munymulhi-Ø
he lay as bloodc
Then he (the old man) went to that body of water. He followed his (i.e. his son's) footprints. He looked around (and saw) blood. The blood of the boy was lying there.
Text 10.14
ngunu=na-ni,
she saw himc
ni=warangga-ny
he lookedp
ya:-ni:-'la
here it comes
which killed (him) for mec
Then she (Jabiru) saw him from over where she was. He (the old man) looked over that way, and said, "Oh my goodness! Oh dear! Here comes that monster which killed my son!"
Text 10.15
nima:-'lnga=wannga:-'
he stepped in the mudc
nima:-'lnga=wannga:-'
he stepped in the mudc
nima:-'lnga:-'lnga=wannga:-'
he stepped in the mudc
nima:-'lnga:-'lnga=wannga:-'
he stepped in the mudc
ni=lhidi-ny
he went throughp
ni=lhidi-ny
he went throughp
mana-wa:ng,
whatchamacallit
Then he got down in the mud at the side of the water. Again, in that direction, he drank. He was down in the mud. He went down into it, hiding. He was there, in the mud under the surface of the water. He held here (in his hand) that whatchamacallit, a (sharp) stone. Like a shovel spear--(or rather,) a stone spear.
Note: a-la:ma-yi: in the last line, with ANAp prefix, is emended from ama-la:ma-yi: on the tape at the speaker's request; he had just been using a MANA class noun and accidentally used a MANAp prefix here. A stone spear has a sharp flint spearhead.; a shovel spear has a thin flat metal blade. Milton first said 'shovel spear' but then changed this to 'stone spear' as the more appropriate comparison.
Text 10.16
He (the old man) was holding it (the stone). She could see him over here under the surface there. He was like this, lying on his back face up (under the surface).
Text 10.17
ngiwa:-'dha:-'=dhida-ngi
she poked through it (ground)c
an-uwa-ga:-'la
from there
ngiwa:-'dha:-'=dhida-ngi,
she poked through itc
da-gi:-'la
she is there coming
ni=yadhalaliga-ny
he was unconcernedp
ngi=yama-ny
she did thatp
ngi=yama-ny,
she did thatp
As for her (Jabiru), she poked through the surface of the mud then. She saw where he was (i.e. she saw the bulge in the mud where he was hiding). She was poking around in it erratically. She was coming close, but he did not react. She did it (poke through mud) this way and that, again she did it over this way.
Note: The word arbidi, usually translated as 'anyway' in local creole and semi-creolized English, suggests the suspension of a normal restriction on some form of behavior; here I render it as 'erratically' in the paragraph translation.
Text 10.18
an-uwa-ga:-'la
from there
an-uwa-ga:-'la
from there
Then, just as she was about to jump (at him) from there, suddenly he jumped out of the mud there. He grabbed her (Jabiru) and cut her up along here and here. That is all.
* Purposive -yungguyung added to a Past Potential verb form


{% extends "base.html" %} {% set active_page = "summer" %} {% block title %}BearStatus is hibernating{{title}} {% endblock %} {% block head %} {{ super() }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
It is currently dreaming about some delicous food.
If you must wake it up, you can use the navbar above.


I know that it isn’t easy,
but try not to think about the girl at your graduation party who said
‘so wait... this is what your family looks like?’
she was just curious.
they always are.


Rotation issue
I think I found some interesting examples that bothers me in the beginning, about the rotation issue we discussed today. We still take circle as example, and look the following example: All the four points in this figure have the same feature vectors.
and their laplacian vectors are listed as follow:
| index | laplacian |
|---|---|
| 16 | (-0.00243961, -0.00294993) |
| 61 | ( -0.00294993, 0.00243915 ) |
| 106 | ( 0.00243915, 0.00294946 ) |
| 151 | ( 0.00294946, -0.00243961 ) |
After aligning all of them to face downward, the rotated laplacian vectors are
| index | laplacian |
|---|---|
| 16 | ( 0.00243961, 0.00294993 ) |
| 61 | ( 0.00243961, 0.00294946 ) |
| 106 | ( 0.00243915, 0.00294993 ) |
| 151 | ( 0.00243915, 0.00294946 ) |
where all of them aligns pretty well.
However, there are some other exceptions : All the four points in the next figures have the same feature vector
| index | laplacian |
|---|---|
| 3 | ( 4.92395e-07, 1.19333e-07 ) |
| 48 | ( 1.19333e-07, 9.97721e-07 ) |
| 93 | ( 9.97721e-07, 1.37078e-06 ) |
| 138 | ( 1.37078e-06, 4.92395e-07 ) |
After aligning all of them to face downward, the rotated laplacian vectors are
| index | laplacian |
|---|---|
| 3 | ( -4.92395e-07, -1.19333e-07 ) |
| 48 | ( 9.97721e-07, -1.19333e-07 ) |
| 93 | ( 9.97721e-07, 1.37078e-06 ) |
| 138 | ( -4.92395e-07, 1.37078e-06 ) |
Most of these kinds of laplacian vectors have values very close to 0, and most of all the bigger value laplacian vectors are well aligned.


The creative crew
who we are
We are team of creatively diverse. driven. innovative individuals working in various locations from the world.
We are team of creatively diverse. driven. innovative individuals working in various locations from the world.


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| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
| Packages that use WorkBook | |
|---|---|
| com.extentech.ExtenXLS | The ExtenXLS package contains the primary classes for working with spreadsheets. |
| com.extentech.ExtenXLS.binder | The ExtenXLS binder package contains the CellBinder API which automates mapping of data to spreadsheets. |
| com.extentech.ExtenXLS.web | The ExtenXLS.web package contains ExtenXLS Spreadsheet classes enhanced with web and database persistence capabilities. |
| Uses of WorkBook in com.extentech.ExtenXLS |
|---|
| Classes in com.extentech.ExtenXLS that implement WorkBook | |
|---|---|
class |
EncryptedWorkBookHandle
EncryptedWorkBookHandle is a WorkBookHandle that manages encrypted files. |
class |
WorkBookHandle
The WorkBookHandle provides a handle to the XLS file and includes convenience methods for working with the WorkSheets and Cell values within the XLS file. |
| Methods in com.extentech.ExtenXLS that return WorkBook | |
|---|---|
WorkBook |
WorkSheet.getWorkBook()
|
WorkBook |
CellRange.getWorkBook()
|
WorkBook |
CellHandle.getWorkBook()
returns the WorkBookHandle for this Cell |
static WorkBook |
ExtenXLS.getXLS(Object xmlsource)
Convert an XML WorkBook file to BIFF8 (native XLS) WorkBook Input roughly conforms to XMLSS Spec. |
static WorkBook |
ExtenXLS.getXLS(WorkBookHandle bk,
Object xmlsource)
Convert an XML WorkBook file to BIFF8 (native XLS) WorkBook Input roughly conforms to XMLSS Spec. |
static WorkBook |
ExtenXLS.getXLS(WorkBook bk,
Object xmlsource)
Convert a WorkBook XML file to BIFF8 (native XLS) WorkBook Input roughly conforms to XMLSS Spec. |
| Methods in com.extentech.ExtenXLS with parameters of type WorkBook | |
|---|---|
static void |
ExtenXLS.dumpCSVtoSpreadsheet(File csv,
WorkBook book,
int sheetnum)
simply read the csv into a workbook set the "com.extentech.extenxls.csvdelimiter" system property to change the delimiter aka: System.getProperties().setProperty("com.extentech.extenxls.csvdelimiter", "|"); |
static org.json.JSONArray |
CellRange.getJSON(String range,
WorkBook wbh)
return a JSON array of cell values for the given range static version |
static File |
ExtenXLS.getPDF(WorkBook book)
|
static File |
ExtenXLS.getPDF(WorkBook book,
int height,
int width)
|
static String |
ExtenXLS.getSheetXML(WorkBook mybook,
String sheetname)
Get the XML for a worksheet |
static String |
ExtenXLS.getSheetXML(WorkBook mybook,
String sheetname,
int maxrows,
int maxcols)
Get the XML for a worksheet Add the ability to return a maximum number of rows and cols -1 returns all cols/rows |
static WorkBook |
ExtenXLS.getXLS(WorkBook bk,
Object xmlsource)
Convert a WorkBook XML file to BIFF8 (native XLS) WorkBook Input roughly conforms to XMLSS Spec. |
static String |
ExtenXLS.getXML(WorkBook mybook)
Convert a BIFF8 (native XLS) file to XML one sheet at a time. |
static String |
ExtenXLS.getXML(WorkBook mybook,
String sheetname)
Convert a BIFF8 (native XLS) file to XML. |
static String |
ExtenXLS.getXML(WorkBook mybook,
String sheetname,
int maxrows,
int maxcols)
Convert a BIFF8 (native XLS) file to XML. |
static String |
ExtenXLS.getXMLFragment(WorkBook mybook,
String fragspec)
Retrieves an XML 'fragment' from the Specified WorkBook. |
static void |
ExtenXLS.parseNBind(WorkBook bk,
Object input)
Read in an XML stream and populate a WorkBook using the XML data therein. |
void |
CellRange.setWorkBook(WorkBook bk)
attach the workbook for this CellRange |
static void |
ExtenXLS.transform(OutputStream out,
String xslfile,
WorkBook book,
Map params)
Transform a WorkBook into an output file type by applying an XSLT. |
static org.jdom.Document |
ExtenXLS.transform(String xslfile,
WorkBook book)
Transform a WorkBook into an output file type by applying an XSLT. |
static org.jdom.Document |
ExtenXLS.transform(String xslfile,
WorkBook book,
Map params)
Transform a WorkBook into an output file type by applying an XSLT. |
static void |
ExtenXLS.writeBookToFile(String strFileName,
WorkBook mybook)
Write book to File using Buffered Output Stream |
static void |
ExtenXLS.writeXML(WorkBook mybook,
String sheetname,
OutputStream out)
Convert a BIFF8 (native XLS) file to XML. |
static void |
ExtenXLS.writeXML(WorkBook mybook,
String sheetname,
OutputStream out,
int maxrows,
int maxcols)
Convert a BIFF8 (native XLS) file to XML. |
| Constructors in com.extentech.ExtenXLS with parameters of type WorkBook | |
|---|---|
CellHandle(com.extentech.formats.XLS.BiffRec c,
WorkBook myb)
Public Constructor added for use in Bean-context ONLY. |
|
CellRange(String range,
WorkBook bk)
Constructor which creates a new CellRange from a String range The String range must be in the format Sheet!CR:CR For Example, "Sheet1!C9:I19" |
|
CellRange(String range,
WorkBook bk,
boolean createblanks)
Constructor which creates a new CellRange from a String range The String range must be in the format Sheet!CR:CR For Example, "Sheet1!C9:I19" |
|
CellRange(String range,
WorkBook bk,
boolean createblanks,
boolean initcells)
Constructor which creates a new CellRange from a String range The String range must be in the format Sheet!CR:CR For Example, "Sheet1!C9:I19" |
|
ChartSeriesHandle(com.extentech.formats.XLS.charts.Series series,
WorkBook wbk)
Constructor, used internally. |
|
FormatHandle(WorkBook book)
Constructs a FormatHandle for the given WorkBook's default format. |
|
FormatHandle(WorkBook book,
int xfnum)
Constructs a FormatHandle for the given format ID and WorkBook. |
|
FormatHandle(WorkBook book,
String fontname,
int fontstyle,
int fontsize)
|
|
FormatHandle(WorkBook book,
com.extentech.formats.XLS.Xf xfr)
Constructs a FormatHandle for the given WorkBook and format record. |
| Uses of WorkBook in com.extentech.ExtenXLS.binder |
|---|
| Methods in com.extentech.ExtenXLS.binder that return WorkBook | |
|---|---|
WorkBook |
ExtenXLSReportFactory.generateWorkBookHandle(Map vars)
this method returns a WorkBookHandle populated with values from the CellBinder. |
WorkBook |
ExtenXLSReportFactory.generateWorkBookHandle(Map vars,
boolean resettrackers)
this method returns a WorkBookHandle populated with values from the CellBinder. |
WorkBook |
ExtenXLSReportFactory.getWorkBook()
|
| Methods in com.extentech.ExtenXLS.binder with parameters of type WorkBook | |
|---|---|
void |
SimpleCellBinder.findTokens(WorkBook bk)
returns a list of all cells within the workbook containing the mapping tokens. |
byte[] |
XMLCellBinder.reverseMapToXML(WorkBook bk,
RelationalObject xmlMappings)
takes XML mapping file *based* on RDF Format and workbook and create XML based on cellrange elements in RDF and values in book reads in |
void |
ExtenXLSReportFactory.setWorkBook(WorkBook book)
|
| Constructors in com.extentech.ExtenXLS.binder with parameters of type WorkBook | |
|---|---|
BeanBoundCellRange(String range,
WorkBook b,
boolean createblanks)
|
|
CellBinder(WorkBook b,
DataObject cn,
com.extentech.toolkit.LogOutputter lgr)
The CellBinder is responsible for managing the data bindings of a single connection (JDBC) with the Cells of a single com.extentech.ExtenXLS.WorkBook. |
|
CellBinder(WorkBook b,
com.extentech.toolkit.LogOutputter lgr)
The CellBinder is responsible for managing the data bindings of a single connection (JDBC) with the Cells of a single com.extentech.ExtenXLS.WorkBook. |
|
DataBoundCellRange(String range,
String field,
WorkBook b,
boolean createblanks)
|
|
DataBoundCellRange(String range,
WorkBook b,
boolean createblanks)
|
|
SimpleCellBinder(WorkBook book,
SimpleDataObject dataObject)
Constructor takes a workbook and dataobject and automatically maps the data. |
| Uses of WorkBook in com.extentech.ExtenXLS.web |
|---|
| Classes in com.extentech.ExtenXLS.web that implement WorkBook | |
|---|---|
class |
FileWebWorkBook
|
class |
MemeWorkBook
This class provides Saving and Reconstituting WorkBooks as memes in the Extentech KB schema. |
class |
WebWorkBook
The WebWorkBook class provides additional functionality to the WorkBookHandle class to allow it to participate in a Service-Oriented-Architecture. |
| Methods in com.extentech.ExtenXLS.web that return WorkBook | |
|---|---|
WorkBook |
WebWorkBook.applyDiff(StringBuffer diff)
apply a single diff to a Document |
WorkBook |
MemeDocument.getBook(int memeid)
retrieves XML bytes for database record ID and converts to XLS WorkBook |
WorkBook |
FileWebWorkBook.getBook(int memeid)
|
| Methods in com.extentech.ExtenXLS.web with parameters of type WorkBook | |
|---|---|
void |
MemeDocument.deleteBook(WorkBook book,
int memeid)
Deletes the meme record |
void |
FileWebWorkBook.deleteBook(WorkBook book,
int memeid)
|
|
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| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


--- title: "CS 632: Final Visualization Project" author: "Grace Lawley" date: "2018-06-17" output: html_document ---
Over the past few weeks of my research I have been wrangling and exploring a subset of data from the Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES), an enormous online repository of language acquisition data that is available online for free. The data that I have been studying is a subset of 14 corpora from the Eng-NA section of CHILDES. The Eng-NA section contains 50+ individual corpora with language acquisition data of exclusively North American English.
Though I have spent a lot of time with this dataset, I haven’t had many opportunities to visualize it yet. For my final visualization project, I decided to work with one of the 14 corpora that I have been exploring, the Kuczaj Corpus. The Kuczaj Corpus contains transcripts of spontaneous speech collected during a longitudinal case study conducted by Stan Kuczaj on his son, Abe. Kuczaj was studying the acquisition of certain verb inflections. The study took place from 1973-1975, when Abe was 28 months old to 60 months old.
The raw data used for this project was gathered from the CHILDES database via the childesr
package. Since I was interested in examining the speech of Abe, I pulled down all of his utterances across the entire corpus.
# Loading packages
library(childesr)
library(magrittr)
library(tidytext)
library(ggridges)
library(ggplot2)
library(stringr)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(egg)
# Pulling down the raw utterances from the childes db
kuczaj_raw <- childesr::get_utterances(collection = "Eng-NA",
corpus = "Kuczaj",
role = "Target_Child")
Before I could begin making my visualization, there was quite a bit of data organizing and data cleaning that had to be done first. I started by rearranging the raw dataframe, kuczaj_raw
, and removed any columns that I would not be needing later on. Unlike other corpora included in the CHILDES database, the Kuczaj Corpus only has one target child. A lot of the metadata about the corpora and the texts was not needed because of this, and I only ended up keeping two columns: gloss
(the utterance) and target_child_age
(age at time of utterance in months). After reorganizing the columns, I made sure to filter out any missing utterances that there might be in the dataset.
# Rearrange/renaming columns and removing missing utterances
kuczaj <- kuczaj_raw %>%
select(utt = gloss, age_months = target_child_age) %>%
drop_na(utt) %>%
filter(utt != "")
Once the reorganization was finished, I began working on cleaning the data. I standarized all contractions that occured. Contractions were either expanded or collapsed, depending on whether they were an exception case or a general case. I made a subjective decision to remove all occurences of 's
, since its grammatical meaning is ambiguous: it can either signify a possessive 's
or a collapsed is
.
In addition to processing contractions, I also removed all underscores (used to signify a phrase), and converted all characters to lowercase.
# Creating a function to process contractions
proc_contractions <- function(string) {
string %<>%
# Expanding the exception cases
str_replace_all("won't", "will not") %>%
str_replace_all("can't", "can not") %>%
str_replace_all("c'mon", "come on") %>%
str_replace_all("let's", "let us") %>%
str_replace_all("shan't", "shall not") %>%
str_replace_all("y'all", "you all") %>%
# Collapsing "o'clock" bc the expansion, "of the clock" is uncommon/archaic
str_replace_all("o'clock", "oclock") %>%
# Collapsing "ain't" bc the expansion is ambiguous
str_replace_all("ain't", "aint") %>%
# Expanding the general cases
str_replace_all("'m", " am") %>%
str_replace_all("n't", " not") %>%
str_replace_all("'ll", " will") %>%
str_replace_all("'d", " would") %>%
str_replace_all("'ve", " have") %>%
str_replace_all("n'ts", " nots") %>%
str_replace_all("'re", " are") %>%
# Removing all "'s" bc the expansion is ambiguous (possessive or " is")
str_replace_all("'s", "") %>%
# Catching any missed apostrophes
str_replace_all("'", "")
return(string)
}
# Processing utterances
kuczaj$utt %<>%
# Removing all underscores
str_replace_all("_", " ") %>%
# Processing contractions
proc_contractions() %>%
# Changing all characters to lowercase
str_to_lower()
Since the age of a person is typically quantified and referred to in years instead of months, I decided to convert the unit that records age in the dataframe to years instead of months.
# Adding a column with age in years
kuczaj %<>%
mutate(age_years = age_months/12)
Next, I unnested the utterances into tokens. For this visualization I chose to tokenizing the text into unigrams using the unnest_tokens()
function from the tidytext
package.
# Tokenizing into unigrams
tokens_raw <- kuczaj %>%
unnest_tokens(output = word, input = utt)
Since text data can be difficult to visualize raw, especially if you have a lot of it, I chose to visualize the emotion in the text. I performed a sentiment analysis with the "nrc"
sentiment lexicon included in the tidytext
package. The NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon classifies words into 10 different sentiment categories: anger
, anticipation
, disgust
, fear
, joy
, negative
, positive
, sadness
, surprise
, and trust
.
After initializing the lexicon, I combined it with the tokens using an dplyr::inner_join
. Only the tokens that occured in both dataframes were kept, while all other tokens were removed.
# Initizalizing "nrc" sentiment lexicon
nrc <- tidytext::get_sentiments("nrc")
# Merging together tokens and nrc
nrc_df <- tokens_raw %>%
inner_join(nrc, by = "word")
As is typical and potentially problematic of sentiment lexicons, a lot of words ended up being omitted. The total number of tokens changed from 167833 to 22893, with 144940 tokens lost.
And finally, making the plot!
I decided to restrict the sentiment categories from 10 to 6, and grouped these 6 into emotions that associated with a positive sentiment – joy
, trust
, and anticipation
– and emotions that are associated with a negative sentiment – anger
, sadness
, and fear
. The creation of these groupings was mostly a subjective decision that was partially motivated from exploring the most common sets of emotions as illustrated on the NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon
To make the actual ridgeline plot, I used the geom_density_ridges()
extension to ggplot()
, provided in the ggridges
package. I created the ridgeline plot of the positive and negative sentiment groups separately, and then combined them together using the ggarrange()
function from the egg
package.
# Making the plot!
# Creating the positive subplot
positive_plot <- nrc_df %>%
filter(sentiment %in% c("joy", "trust", "anticipation")) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = age_years, y = sentiment, fill = sentiment)) +
geom_density_ridges(alpha = 0.8, show.legend = FALSE) +
labs(x = "", y = "", title = "Kuczaj Corpus & Sentiment",
subtitle = "\nPositive Sentiments") +
scale_y_discrete(expand = c(0.01, 0)) +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0.01, 0)) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("#F6EFF7", "#D0D1E6", "#A6BDDB")) +
theme_ridges(grid = FALSE) +
theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 22, hjust = -0.2),
plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 18, face = "italic"),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold.italic"))
# Creating the negative subplot
negative_plot <- nrc_df %>%
filter(sentiment %in% c("anger", "sadness", "fear")) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = age_years, y = sentiment, fill = sentiment)) +
geom_density_ridges(alpha = 0.7, show.legend = FALSE) +
labs(x = "Age in Years", y = "", title = "",
subtitle = "Negative Sentiments") +
scale_y_discrete(expand = c(0.01, 0)) +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0.01, 0)) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("#7999A8", "#1C9099", "#016C59")) +
theme_ridges(grid = FALSE) +
theme(plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 18, face = "italic"),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold.italic"))
# Combining into one and plotting
egg::ggarrange(positive_plot, negative_plot, ncol = 1, nrow = 2)
Since this data comes from a larger dataset that I am currently exploring in my research, potential audiences for this visualization might include my advisor, my colleagues, and other faculty at CSLU. In fact, I actually am planning on showing this visualization to my advisor tomorrow morning. As for as potential audiences in a more general sense, this might include students or researchers interested in natural language processing, text mining, language acquisition, and sentiment analysis.
A ridgeline plot visualizes the distribution of various groups, either as density plots or histograms, with the individual plots staggered vertically on a common x-axis and slightly overlapping each other. They are typically used to visualize how the aspects of a categorical variable change over time or space.
I had never conducted any form of sentiment analysis on language acquisition data from CHILDES before and was curious if there would be any trends in sentiment types as the child grew older. Would he use more words that were associated with joy as he grew older? Would he use less? Would there be no discernable difference?
After narrowing down the sentiment categories from ten to six, I chose to group the remaining ones into a “positive” group and a “negative” group. I made this decision after first plotting all six sentiments in one graph and seeing how difficult it was to read the plot at a quick glance. I thought that breaking the sentiments into two groups would make the information shown by the plot not only easier to read, but would it easier to make comparisons across categories by providing some order.
Since the differences between sentiments are for the most part subtle, I find it easiest and most interesting to read this plot by first choosing two specific categories, and then comparing them to each other. Since the y-axis of this plot is a categorical variable, more information can be gathered if looking at subsections of the plot separately instead of looking at the entire plot at once.
General Composition: To reinforce the grouping of the sentiments into “positive” and “negative”, I chose to plot the two groups separately and stacked vertically. This preserved the common x-axis that is an essential characteristic of ridgeline plots, while also breaking apart plot making it easier to read.
Color: Choosing the colors for this plot was difficult. I wanted to reflect the separation of sentiments into two groups while also being sure to emphasize that the sentiments were still categorical and not ordered. I tried to capture this with the colors by using a diverging color palette of distinct colors.
Annotation: I used theme_ridges()
first with further customization of the theme afterwards. I chose to make the sentiments in bold and italicized to highlight the categories, and included subtitles of “Postiive Sentiments” and “Negative Sentiments” to show the grouping. Since the x-axis is the same for both plots, I chose to only include the y-axis label for the bottom plot.
This plot is the result of an purely exploratory analysis venture that was limited by time constraints and not the result of an indepth, thorough analysis. Due to a lack of time, I was unable to normalize the data for differences in total word count across transcript. Any trends that this plot suggests may be due to confounding factors that were not controlled during analysis. Thus, this plot may not be an entirely accurate representation of the true nature of the dataset.
This is an early draft plot that came before the sentiments were grouped into “positive” and “negative” and before I altered the general plot composition and colors. I had already chosen to reduce the total number of sentiments, but had only reduced it down to 8 for this plot. I decided to separate the sentiments into positive and negative groups and realizing that having them all on the same plot made it difficult to understand what was the plot was showing at a first glance.
# Loading package for colors
library(beyonce)
# Making the plot
nrc_df %>%
filter(!sentiment %in% c("positive", "negative")) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = age_years, y = sentiment, fill = sentiment)) +
geom_density_ridges(alpha = 0.8, show.legend = FALSE) +
labs(x = "Age in Years", y = "", title = "Kuczaj Corpus & Sentiment") +
scale_y_discrete(expand = c(0.01, 0)) +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0.01, 0)) +
theme_ridges(grid = FALSE) +
scale_fill_manual(values = beyonce_palette(64))


|
Bomberman
1.0
|
An class representing the game logic from client side. More...
#include <client.h>
Data Fields | |
| TScene *(* | Register_Scene )(struct TGameClient *, TScene *) |
| void(* | Ready )(struct TGameClient *) |
| void(* | Move )(struct TGameClient *, direction_t) |
| void(* | Place_Bomb )(struct TGameClient *) |
| void(* | Handle_Messages )(struct TGameClient *) |
| void(* | Leave_Game )(struct TGameClient *) |
| void(* | Free )(struct TGameClient *) |
| TClient * | client |
| TGameServer * | gameserver |
| TScene * | game_scene |
| unsigned int | is_owner |
| int | player |
| unsigned int | bomb_offset |
An class representing the game logic from client side.
TGameClient is a class representing the game logic from client side.
| unsigned int bomb_offset |
The latest bomb id dropped.
| TClient* client |
The network client.
| void(* Free) (struct TGameClient *) |
Free (ressources) method.
| TScene* game_scene |
The UI scene corresponding to the game.
| TGameServer* gameserver |
The game server object if the client is the game owner.
| void(* Handle_Messages) (struct TGameClient *) |
Method for handle the message sended by the server.
| unsigned int is_owner |
A boolean to know if the client is the game owner.
| void(* Leave_Game) (struct TGameClient *) |
Method for say to the server that the player left the game.
| void(* Move) (struct TGameClient *, direction_t) |
Method for say to the server that the player want to move.
| void(* Place_Bomb) (struct TGameClient *) |
Method for say to the server that the player want to drop a bomb.
| int player |
The unique ID of the player.
| void(* Ready) (struct TGameClient *) |
Method for say to the server that the player is ready to process the game.
| TScene*(* Register_Scene) (struct TGameClient *, TScene *) |
Method for register the UI scene used for the game.


Pin Icons To Taskbar
Determines if the Office 365 ProPlus shortcut will be pinned to the TaskBar.
Optional. (Does not apply to Windows 10)
If this property is set to TRUE then the Office program shortcuts will be pinned to the TaskBar after install. If set to FALSE then tey will not. This property does not apply when installing Office 365 ProPlus on Windows 10.


--- layout: no_nav title: Résumé ---
632 Willivee Dr
Decatur, GA 30033
I am a software engineer/team lead with 8+ years of professional experience in developing and supporting applications to run on the desktop and the web. I am familiar with working with off site teams and with development models ranging from waterfall to agile programming. I have worked extensively with both Java/JEE and C#/.Net technology stacks, and both open source and proprietary frameworks. Always looking for the next technology to learn and ways to improve myself.
Languages: C#, Java, Groovy, ASP.net, JavaScript, C, C++, Objective C, COBOL, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, HTML, CSS, XML
Frameworks: .Net (1.1 - 4.5), JEE, Spring, JSF, Primefaces, Hibernate, Spring MVC, WPF, WCF, ASP.net MVC, Web API, Hazelcast, Windows Forms, Swing, SWT, Node.js, jQuery
Databases: PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server (2005-2012), H2, Oracle, MySQL, DB2, Sqlite, Cassandra
Applications: Visual Studio (2003-2015), Eclipse/Spring Source Tool Suite, Tomcat/tcServer, IIS, Maven, Gradle, Hudson, SVN, Git, Microsoft TFS
Operating Systems: Windows, Linux, Mac OS X


To change the working directory on the local system (The computer on which JFTP is running), do any one of the following:
Local File -> Change Directory...
menu
from the menu bar
Change
Directory...
from the context menu
When you do any of the above actions, a new dialog titled,
Change Local Working Directory
, will be displayed.
Directory Name
Specify directory that you would like to set as new working
directory.
Change
Clicking this button will set (or try to set) the working
directory to the one you have specified and closes the
Change Local Working Directory
dialog.
Cancel
Clicking this button discards your input and closes the
Change Local Working Directory
dialog.
Help
Clicking this button displays this help topic.
In the
Directory Name
field, you may enter absolute, relative (to the current
working directory), or UNC path names. Below are a few examples
assuming your current working directory is set to
C:\wd
Example 1
Entering
sampleDir
would set the working directory to
C:\wd\sampleDir
. The directory
sampleDir
must exist in order for this to work.
Example
2
Entering
subdir\sampleDir
would change the working directory to
C:\wd\subDir\sampleDir
.
Example 3
Entering
C:\temp\sampleDir
would change the working directory to
C:\temp\sampleDir
.
Example 4
To set the working
directory to a directory in another system on your network, enter
\\hostname\sharename\sampleDir
, where,
hostname
is the name of the computer in your network,
shareName
is the shared directory on the target system and
sampleDir
is the directory that you would like to set as the new working
directory.


Individual
UX Writer
The process started with user research. You can refer to the complete research process on the UHS Project page.
For voice and tone, I measured it on the following spectrum:
I recruited 5 participants and made them go through content on different pages. Although I created many versions, I mostly tested 2 to 3 versions of the content for both understanding and the emotion that evokes in them. I tested for different versions and asked them why they preferred a particular version. I asked users to rate it on the above spectrum. The results skewed towards serious, formal, respectful, caring, and matter of fact which is perfect for a healthcare system.
For the subheading, I considered the following options:
While some of them were too generic. I decided to test the first, second, and third options, users preferred the second version because it was reassuring. Easier appointments leading to faster recovery. Since this new interface is a deviation from the old one, users preferred the second option to the third.
Further, since the audience is all students at the University of Michigan, they are familiar with what the uniqname is. So, I kept the terminology the same as they see while logging into other accounts related to the University of Michigan. It was intuitive for users to login without even questioning if they need to create an account.
I tested 3rd and 4th version with users. Most users mentioned they would not care about the content here, they would most likely not read it when they are sick. I decided to keep the 4th version because if users actually read the content, it might be a bit delightful.
This webpage only appears once. It asks for minimal details and insurance is optional since students without health insurance can also get healthcare at UHS.
I tested the filters with the users and asked them to explain the meaning. All filters were clear to the users.
This page was clear to users and was not iterated after the feedback.
While the rest of the content was clear, the buttons were iterated after the feedback. The buttons were first called book and cancel. But users found them confusing since they had not yet booked an appointment to cancel it. So, I changed it to "Back" and "Confirm" after three usability tests and tested this version with the next two users who were able to understand this version.
I added the Add to Google Calendar option after feedback from users since they did not only want text reminders but also wanted to be able to add it to their schedule.
When there are no same-day appointments available, users get this message that guides them and tells them about their other options. I tested two versions of this message and users found this more caring. So, I decided to keep this version.
In the reminder message, there was a link to book Lyft but none of the users found it useful because they said that would not book a Lyft because UHS is right next to the school and they either walk, take a bus, or drive there. They said having a link to the complete address of UHS would help. The link then opens in Google maps.


This section summarizes the changes that have been performed on
the Spice3 library.
- Version 1.0 (2010-02-18): first version of the library was
released
- 15th March 2012 by Kristin Majetta
SPICE3 benchmark RTL Inverter
- 14th March 2012 by Kristin Majetta
SPICE3 benchmark Mosfet characterisation
- 14th March 2012 by Kristin Majetta
SPICE3 benchmark Differential Pair added
- 12th March 2012 by Kristin Majetta
BJT model improved
- 09th March 2012 by Kristin Majetta
MOS Level 2 model added
- 24th February 2012 by Kristin Majetta
JFET model added
- 23rd February 2012 by Kristin Majetta
Semiconductor Capacitor added
- 21st February 2012 by Kristin Majetta
CoupledInductors (K) added
- March 2010 by Kristin Majetta
Guidelines applied, User's Guide added
- February 2010 by Kristin Majetta
Spice3 library added to MSL and examples revised
- September 2009 by Kristin Majetta
Bipolar transistor implemented
- August 2009 by Jonathan Kress
default values in sources improved
- August 2009 by Kristin Majetta
Bipolar transistor started
- April 2009 by Kristin Majetta
Semiconductor Resistor implemented
- March 2009 by Kristin Majetta
DIODE implemented
- 25th February 2009 by Kristin Majetta
MOS Level 2 implemented
- 15th October 2008 by Kristin Majetta
minor errors fixed in L_Inductor, I_Pulse and SpiceRoot
- April, 2008 by Sandra Boehme
initially implemented
Generated at 2019-01-25T16:44:03Z by OpenModelica 1.14.0~dev-130-gefa44fb


THE PEOPLE VS. LARRY FLYNT A film review by Andrew Hicks Copyright 1997 Andrew Hicks / Fatboy Productions
**** (out of four)
With nearly all the critics in the world calling THE PEOPLE VS. LARRY FLYNT the best movie of 1996 and most major religious figures decrying it from the pulpit, this movie was top on my list of movies to see this holiday season. TURBULENCE and THE RELIC can wait, because this movie's got everyone shaken up in one way or another. The movie theater people were actually checking IDs and for this one so you know it's controversial.
THE PEOPLE VS. LARRY FLYNT tells the fascinating true story of a low-class man's rise to fame through the exploitation of nude women. Larry Flynt, played by Woody Harrelson, is stereotypical white trash running a series of seedy strip joints when he gets the idea to publish a newsletter to promote it. The newsletter is, of course, a bunch of topless photos, and that leads to the establishment of Hustler magazine, which begins selling millions of copies an issue once it prints nude pictures of Jackie Onassis.
Hustler, like Flynt himself, is undisguised perversion. It doesn't have the pretenses of the higher-class Playboy, which tries to mix articles and interviews with the photo spreads. Hustler focuses solely on sex, and so does Flynt. It's Playboy for the common pervert -- sure there's the Playboy Mansion, but wouldn't most people rather visit the Hustler Mobile Home?
With the success of Hustler, Flynt becomes rich and influential but retains the same set of friends and associates as before. Making the journey with him is bisexual stripper Althea (Courtney Love, of Hole), who becomes his wife early in the film. Swingers that they are, though, they scoff at the notion of marriage and monogamy being interrelated.  LARRY FLYNT, and Love does appear in the buff many a time. Being subjected to her naked body so many times, I'm starting to get an idea of why Kurt Cobain shot himself.
With the graphic pictures and cartoons in his magazine, outcries are inevitable. Flynt goes to court three times in the movie, twice because he's being sued by the Reverend Jerry Falwell for printing a parody ad that quotes Falwell as saying he had sex with his mother in an outhouse. The court scenes are the most memorable in THE PEOPLE VS. LARRY FLYNT, particularly the scene in which Flynt decides to get back at the system by throwing an orange at the judge and wearing the American flag as a diaper.
Life is a long, twisted trip for Mr. and Mrs. Flynt. He turns to God after much prodding from the President's sister, Ruth Carter Stapleton, but his outlook remains as sex-saturated and blasphemous as before. Once he is shot by an unknown sniper and ends up paralyzed from the waist down, he abandons his belief in God entirely and gets hooked on various forms of drugs, legal and illegal, to ease the pain. Althea too finds herself hooked on heroin and eventually dies of AIDS.
THE PEOPLE VS. LARRY FLYNT has a compelling story that is most interesting for trying to paint Flynt as some kind of folk hero but only making him look more insane and perverse. Harrelson did a great job portraying a complicated man who has at least a small degree of mental illness, but the big acting trophy here should go to Love. I never would have pegged her as someone who would make the transition from music video to movies so successfully on the first try.
The movie depicts a lot of depravity and is uncomfortable to watch at times, but still brings with it a very powerful and very true theme -- that the First Amendment of the United States should provide freedom of expression for everyone. Defining obscenity is difficult and undeniably subjective, but as this movie points out, outlawing one form of speech could lead to the outlawing of other forms. Flynt may not be the picture perfect messenger but the message is at the heart of American freedom.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


[1]
lofty heights of club , to join the regular guests at the larger main breakfast restaurant .
[2]
an adapter to enable my iphone 6 connected to the in-suite sound system could not be .


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001/******************************************************************************* 002 * Copyright (c) 2016 EclipseSource. 003 * 004 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 005 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal 006 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights 007 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 008 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is 009 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 010 * 011 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 012 * copies or substantial portions of the Software. 013 * 014 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 015 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 016 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 017 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 018 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 019 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 020 * SOFTWARE. 021 ******************************************************************************/ 022package com.restfb.json; 023 024 025import java.io.Serializable; 026 027/** 028 * An immutable object that represents a location in the parsed text. 029 */ 030public class Location implements Serializable { 031 032 private static final long serialVersionUID = -1249816104753838044L; 033 034 /** 035 * The absolute character index, starting at 0. 036 */ 037 public final int offset; 038 039 /** 040 * The line number, starting at 1. 041 */ 042 public final int line; 043 044 /** 045 * The column number, starting at 1. 046 */ 047 public final int column; 048 049 Location(int offset, int line, int column) { 050 this.offset = offset; 051 this.column = column; 052 this.line = line; 053 } 054 055 @Override 056 public String toString() { 057 return line + ":" + column; 058 } 059 060 @Override 061 public int hashCode() { 062 return offset; 063 } 064 065 @Override 066 public boolean equals(Object obj) { 067 if (this == obj) { 068 return true; 069 } 070 if (obj == null) { 071 return false; 072 } 073 if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) { 074 return false; 075 } 076 Location other = (Location)obj; 077 return offset == other.offset && column == other.column && line == other.line; 078 } 079 080}


One extraordinary feature of Seoul is its straightforward subway system with historical stops along the way. Effortlessly, traverlers are able to explore more of outside of Seoul and enjoy more shopping districts, landmarks, and nightlife. It is a safe city that can be enjoyed by all ages, first timers, group, and solo traverlers to Korea. While visiting Seoul, visit Incehon, Jeju Island, and Busan. All are a quick trip and you get to experience more of Korea and its natural beauty
Popular Attractions in Seoul
- Myeongdong Market: A premier shopping district with department stores and side shops. Buy the
latest K-beauty products, clothes, and jewelery.
- N Seoul Tower: A modern structure that reaches 237 meters high. See sweeping iconic views of Seoul and enjoy
a meal at the cafe.
- Changdeokgung Palace: One of the remaining palaces in Seoul. Take vibrant and dramantic photos inside
at the Huwon garden.
- Bukchon Hanok Village: Visit hanoks, traditional Korean homes. It is known as one of the most beautiful
districts the features guesthouses, restaurants, and teahouses.


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[THE ARRAY]
Definition: an Array is a list of items that is in a particular order.
Most of the following info is taken from Udemy.com's blog, which I thought was a great resource and very well written:
Order matters!
The first thing to learn about arrays is that they are ordered. An array starts at a specific point, goes forwards to the end, and then stops. Each one of the items in an array has specific address, and you can always count on each address being one higher than the previous address. This is one feature that makes arrays so useful. You can store anything in an array, and know that unless the array has been modified, whatever came before it will always come before it, and whatever comes after it will always come after it. Unlike some data structures, the ordering in an array is significant. You can depend on it.
Integer-Indexed
When they say that an array is integer indexed, what they mean is that each item in the array can be accessed by referencing an integer that represents its position in the array. The item referenced by passing any specific integer will always come back when you reference that specific integer, as long as the array has not been modified. This allows you to use an array as a list of items that will always be in the same order, and can always be referenced by their order.
Collections
An array is a collection, meaning that a single array is actually a reference in memory to a variety of other objects. An array can be empty, or it can have a huge number of objects in it, including other arrays, but it will still be the same single collection.
Collections of Any Object
One thing that makes Ruby different from some other languages is that an array can contain any type of legitimate Ruby object. Even if you create a new object type, an existing array can be used to hold one or more of that object. Arrays can also hold objects of different types, making them very flexible.
Zero-Indexed
Like many programming languages, Ruby uses a zero index for its arrays. What this means is that the first object in an array is indexed as iten number zero. The second object is item number one. And the address of the final object can be calculated by getting the length of the array, subtracting one, and using that as the index for that object.
Creating Arrays
Ruby makes it very easy to create an array. The syntax for an array is a set of square brackets. At its most basic, and empty array can be created just by assigning an empty set of square brackets to a variable like this: a = []. You can also create an array using the “new” method of the Array class, and passing the number of items that you want the array initialized with.
a = Array.new
a = Array.new(20)
Initializing an empty array with a number of items creates the space in memory for as many items as you want the array to hold when it is created, but arrays can grow and shrink as needed.
{THE HASH}
Definition: a Hash is a collection of key-value pairs.
Order does NOT matter!
The first thing to learn about hashes is that they are not ordered. While you can store anything in a hash, you cannot rely on the order in which you stored it. In other words, there is no way to know which element is in a certain position in the hash. The only important information is that each element has a key and a corresponding assigned value. This also means that, unlike an array, the positions are NOT integer-indexed.
Key/Value-Indexed
So how do we access a hash? By the key or the value, of course! If your key value pair is workers = {"employee" => "Jon"}, then to get the value of the specific key (which is "employee"), you must access it like so: workers["employee"]. This will return the value assigned to "employee". You can also type in workers["Jon"], and the value will be returned. Mostly, however, keys are used to search for values, and not the other way around.
Collections
A hash is also a collection, meaning that a single hash is actually a reference in memory to a variety of other objects. A hash can be empty, or it can have a huge number of objects in it, including other arrays, or hashes, but it will still be the same single collection.
Collections of Any Object
Just like for arrays, a hash can contain any type of legitimate Ruby object. Even if you create a new object type, an existing hash can be used to hold one or more of that object. Hashes can also hold objects of different types, making them very flexible.
Creating Hashes
Ruby makes it very easy to create a hash. The syntax for an array is a set of curly brackets. At its most basic, and empty hash can be created just by assigning an empty set of curly brackets to a variable like this: a = {}. You can also create an hash using the “new” method of the Hash class.
a = Hash.new
Hashes can grow and shrink as needed.
The key-value pairs look like this: "employee" => "salary" or this "employee_age": 45 (you can use the => notation, or the : notation).
One last important note about hashes: the keys in a hash can ONLY correspond to their unique values. This means that "employee" cannot have multiple different values like this:
workers = {"employee": "Jon", "employee": "Jane", "employee": "June"}.
What this will do is override all the values but the last one, so that the only "employee" that gets stored is "June". In an array, however, this is not the case. An array can have multiple equivalent elements like so: workers = ["Jon", "Jon", "June", "Mary", "June"]. This is because the elements in an array work just like an ordered list, but the elements in a hash work like a dictionary. So think of it like this: a word can only have ONE unique definition, whereas a list can have the same word over and over.

Use an array when you want to be able to iterate over it and change every element to meet new goals. Use a hash when you need unique keys, or identifiers, to represent unique values. For example, if you are storing data that is not associated with one object, maybe use an array. If you are storing data that revolves around an object, for instance a person that has a name, age, and location, then a hash would be of better service. Simple!


Now you can add points to LetUmGrow's database of plants by clicking on the map and also drag these points to change them! These points are saved to the List Plants form below where you can edit the point's plant information and view it's longitude/latitude coordinates. Click on the 'Satellite' tab on the lop left of the map to make it easier to view plant locations!


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The information you provide will be used only for research purposes by the Government Digital Service’s research team.
The information you provide will be used only for research purposes by the Government Digital Service’s research team.


My doctor recently prescribed me 15 mg Adderall pills for add. I've been a regular user of weed for about 3 years, and have used shrooms about 5 different times. I had read a lot about the effects of Adderall and was interested to enter the world of stimulants. The first day I was to take the medication, I took twice the recommended amount, and took 30 mgs. On the way to school, I smoked a cigarette, and was moderately buzzed walking in the doors. About 10 minutes into first period (20 minutes after takin the pills) My heat rate quickined and I became slightly euphoric. 30 minutes after takin the pills, I was already on my peak, and was going to last for another 8 hours (I'm taking extended release adderall).
The best way to desribe Adderall is that its like the coming up of mushrooms, I feel generally good inside with a lot of energy. Its also like weed, because I have a lot of ideas running through my head, but instead, it's much easier to focus on a certain idea. Everything I did was so much more interesting. It was actually fun listening to a lecture and taking notes because I was so focused on what was goin on.
By second period, I was really energetic and had to write an english essay. As soon as the prompt was given out, I began writing and thinking at a furious pace. In about 20 min (out of the given 50 min) I had written one of the best essays of my life. I was at a state of enlightenment and understanding like never before.
At lunch, I didn't eat much, but was very thirsty. In 6th period, I was still at the peak of the drug, and entered psycology, a new man. Normally, I would sleep through this class, but that wasn't my fate today. My teacher began a discussion on human nature, and if people are naturally pro-social, or anti-social. I began joining in the discussion, like never before. My ideas were so deep and complex, that no one in my class understood what I was saying except for the teacher.
One of my classmates asked the teacher how could anti-social behaviors exist, if all people were born pro-social, or visa versa. My teacher replied that he didn't know the answer. I raised my hand and gave a 5 minute speech about the influence of competition, survival of the fittest, and natural conflict between different social classes. I spoke a 1000 words per minute, my ideas ran so quick, and I was so focused on what I had to say. My words completely showed up the teacher. Everyone was stunned. After class, my teacher explained how impressed he was, and my nickname in that class is now doc.
Ever since then, my medication has worked about the same everyday.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


CREDITS
The Special Thanks
TF2Tightrope, especially Trotim, for hosting and creating the original BUE all those years back
Tom "Pentadact" Francis, for inspirating me with his own weapon idea catalouge from 2008 (which I 'borrowed' the Dundee's Derringer from)
Youtubers like Great Blue and FishStickOnAStick, for their numerous videos on weapon balance and concepts
Po10tial, for both feedback and suggestions (as well as being a good friend)
The welcoming communities of TF2Maps.net and Knockout! Forums
And finally, myself (SnickerPuffs), for being the coolest and most swagadelic woman alive
The custom models and maps featured on this site are made by talented people who are not affiliated with the BUEv2.
To support their hard work, click on the images of their content.
...and now, the Normal Thanks


module Make:
| Parameters: |
|
val image_of_board : G2048.board -> Vg.image
image_of_board board
is an image from board
.val animate_board : float -> G2048.move option -> G2048.board -> Vg.image
animate_board t move board
is the image of the animation at time
t
of the move move
that yielded board
. If t
is 0.
we
have a still rendering of the previous board if t
is 1.
we
have a still rendering of the new board. Also overlays game over
or winning conditions.


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2 Chronicles 29:13
And of the sons of Elizaphan; Shimri, and Jeiel: and of the sons of Asaph; Zechariah, and Mattaniah:


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--- layout: post title: ! 'VIM Tips: Editing macros, sessions, command-line registers, & a new register!' tags: - vim - register - percent register - paste registers - filename register - macro - vim sessions - mksession ---
f
:sp new ENTER
"f
This is the magic right here: I didn't realize macros were just stored as characters in a register!
4. Now modify the macro as you, please, yank it back fy
after selecting it visually or otherwise@f
*
ckin' boss:mksession
command to create a vim script that will restore your current editing session. By default, :mksession will save your currently opened buffers, the current directory, tabs, splits, and folds you have open, but you can add more things by modifying the "sessionoptions" variable. You can save multiple sessions by calling the :mksession command with an argument specifying the session name, which you can later invoke to load a particular session.:mksession ENTER
- this will save our session to a file named Session.vim, which is the default session name.
Quit vim: :qaSometimes it’s useful to use the contents of a register in a command. For instance, let’s say you’re editing a bash script, bludgeon.sh, and you want to actually test it before you continue adding functionality to the script.
Exit vim
Execute the script: bash bludgeon.sh
Open the file in vim again: vim bludgeon.sh
Execute a command from the terminal using vim’s filter (!) by typing: ":! bash bludgeon.sh"
Instead of typing out bludgeon.sh, use the special % register to paste the filename into vim’s command line:
":! bash <Ctrl-r>%"
That explains two tips:
The % register which contains the name of the file you’re currently editing.
Pasting a register into vim’s command-line: <Ctrl-r> register
TADA! Happy VIM’ing!


class[#Expi.context]
main :?memory:addr -> word option -> ?lookup:var -> word option -> ?random_seed:int -> ?reg_policy:policy -> ?mem_policy:policy -> unit ->
[#Expi.context as 'a]
expi
It can be used as mixin class for other interpreters.
memory
: returns a byte value at the given address, if knownlookup
: returns a value of a given variable, if knownrandom_seed
: if non None
the the value is used to
initialize the pseudo random generator.reg_policy
: a policy for concretizing register values;mem_policy
: a policy for concretizing heap values.


." generated with Ronn/v0.7.3 ." github.com/rtomayko/ronn/tree/0.7.3 . .TH “BUNDLE-INSTALL” “1” “March 2013” “” “” . .SH “NAME” fBbundle-installfR - Install the dependencies specified in your Gemfile . .SH “SYNOPSIS” fBbundle installfR [--gemfile=GEMFILE] . .IP “” 4 . .nf
[\-\-path PATH] [\-\-system] [\-\-without=GROUP1[ GROUP2\.\.\.]] [\-\-local] [\-\-deployment] [\-\-binstubs[=DIRECTORY]] [\-\-standalone[=GROUP1[ GROUP2\.\.\.]]] [\-\-trust\-policy=POLICY] [\-\-no\-cache] [\-\-quiet]
. .fi . .IP “” 0 . .SH “DESCRIPTION” Install the gems specified in your
Gemfile(5). If this is the first time you run bundle install (and a
fBGemfile.lockfR does not exist), bundler will fetch all remote sources,
resolve dependencies and install all needed gems. . .P If a
fBGemfile.lockfR does exist, and you have not updated your Gemfile(5),
bundler will fetch all remote sources, but use the dependencies specified
in the fBGemfile.lockfR instead of resolving dependencies. . .P If a
fBGemfile.lockfR does exist, and you have updated your Gemfile(5), bundler
will use the dependencies in the fBGemfile.lockfR for all gems that you did
not update, but will re-resolve the dependencies of gems that you did
update. You can find more information about this update process below under
fICONSERVATIVE UPDATINGfR. . .SH “OPTIONS” . .TP
fB--gemfile=<gemfile>fR The location of the Gemfile(5) that bundler
should use. This defaults to a gemfile in the current working directory. In
general, bundler will assume that the location of the Gemfile(5) is also
the project root, and will look for the fBGemfile.lockfR and
fBvendor/cachefR relative to it. . .TP fB--path=<path>fR The location
to install the gems in the bundle to. This defaults to the gem home, which
is the location that fBgem installfR installs gems to. This means that, by
default, gems installed without a fB--pathfR setting will show up in fBgem
listfR. This setting is a fIremembered optionfR. . .TP fB--systemfR
Installs the gems in the bundle to the system location. This overrides any
previous fIrememberedfR use of fB--pathfR. . .TP fB--without=<list>fR
A space-separated list of groups to skip installing. This is a fIremembered
optionfR. . .TP fB--localfR Do not attempt to connect to fBrubygems.orgfR,
instead using just the gems already present in Rubygems' cache or in
fBvendor/cachefR. Note that if a more appropriate platform-specific gem
exists on fBrubygems.orgfR, it will not be found. . .TP fB--deploymentfR
Switches bundler's defaults into fIdeployment modefR. Do not use this flag
on development machines. . .TP fB--binstubs[=]fR Make a bundle
that can work without Ruby Gems or Bundler at runtime. It takes a space
separated list of groups to install. It creates a fBbundlefR directory and
installs the bundle there. It also generates a fBbundle/bundler/setup.rbfR
file to replace Bundler's own setup. . .TP fB--trust-policy=[
source “rubygems.org”
gem “sinatra”
group :production do
gem "rack\-perftools\-profiler"
end . .fi . .IP “” 0 . .P In this case, fBsinatrafR depends on any version of Rack (fB>= 1.0fR, while fBrack-perftools-profilerfR depends on 1.x (fB~> 1.0fR). . .P When you run fBbundle install --without productionfR in development, we look at the dependencies of fBrack-perftools-profilerfR as well. That way, you do not spend all your time developing against Rack 2.0, using new APIs unavailable in Rack 1.x, only to have bundler switch to Rack 1.2 when the fBproductionfR group fIisfR used. . .P This should not cause any problems in practice, because we do not attempt to fBinstallfR the gems in the excluded groups, and only evaluate as part of the dependency resolution process. . .P This also means that you cannot include different versions of the same gem in different groups, because doing so would result in different sets of dependencies used in development and production. Because of the vagaries of the dependency resolution process, this usually affects more than just the gems you list in your Gemfile(5), and can (surprisingly) radically change the gems you are using. . .SH “REMEMBERED OPTIONS” Some options (marked above in the fIOPTIONSfR section) are remembered between calls to fBbundle installfR, and by the Bundler runtime. . .P For instance, if you run fBbundle install --without testfR, a subsequent call to fBbundle installfR that does not include a fB--withoutfR flag will remember your previous choice. . .P In addition, a call to fBBundler.setupfR will not attempt to make the gems in those groups available on the Ruby load path, as they were not installed. . .P The settings that are remembered are: . .TP fB--deploymentfR At runtime, this remembered setting will also result in Bundler raising an exception if the fBGemfile.lockfR is out of date. . .TP fB--pathfR Subsequent calls to fBbundle installfR will install gems to the directory originally passed to fB--pathfR. The Bundler runtime will look for gems in that location. You can revert this option by running fBbundle install --systemfR. . .TP fB--binstubsfR Bundler will update the executables every subsequent call to fBbundle installfR. . .TP fB--withoutfR As described above, Bundler will skip the gems specified by fB--withoutfR in subsequent calls to fBbundle installfR. The Bundler runtime will also not try to make the gems in the skipped groups available. . .SH “THE GEMFILE.LOCK” When you run fBbundle installfR, Bundler will persist the full names and versions of all gems that you used (including dependencies of the gems specified in the Gemfile(5)) into a file called fBGemfile.lockfR. . .P Bundler uses this file in all subsequent calls to fBbundle installfR, which guarantees that you always use the same exact code, even as your application moves across machines. . .P Because of the way dependency resolution works, even a seemingly small change (for instance, an update to a point-release of a dependency of a gem in your Gemfile(5)) can result in radically different gems being needed to satisfy all dependencies. . .P As a result, you fBSHOULDfR check your fBGemfile.lockfR into version control. If you do not, every machine that checks out your repository (including your production server) will resolve all dependencies again, which will result in different versions of third-party code being used if fBanyfR of the gems in the Gemfile(5) or any of their dependencies have been updated. . .SH “CONSERVATIVE UPDATING” When you make a change to the Gemfile(5) and then run fBbundle installfR, Bundler will update only the gems that you modified. . .P In other words, if a gem that you fBdid not modifyfR worked before you called fBbundle installfR, it will continue to use the exact same versions of all dependencies as it used before the update. . .P Let's take a look at an example. Here's your original Gemfile(5): . .IP “” 4 . .nf
source “rubygems.org”
gem “actionpack”, “2.3.8” gem “activemerchant” . .fi . .IP “” 0 . .P In this case, both fBactionpackfR and fBactivemerchantfR depend on fBactivesupportfR. The fBactionpackfR gem depends on fBactivesupport 2.3.8fR and fBrack ~> 1.1.0fR, while the fBactivemerchantfR gem depends on fBactivesupport >= 2.3.2fR, fBbraintree >= 2.0.0fR, and fBbuilder >= 2.0.0fR. . .P When the dependencies are first resolved, Bundler will select fBactivesupport 2.3.8fR, which satisfies the requirements of both gems in your Gemfile(5). . .P Next, you modify your Gemfile(5) to: . .IP “” 4 . .nf
source “rubygems.org”
gem “actionpack”, “3.0.0.rc” gem “activemerchant” . .fi . .IP “” 0 . .P The fBactionpack 3.0.0.rcfR gem has a number of new dependencies, and updates the fBactivesupportfR dependency to fB= 3.0.0.rcfR and the fBrackfR dependency to fB~> 1.2.1fR. . .P When you run fBbundle installfR, Bundler notices that you changed the fBactionpackfR gem, but not the fBactivemerchantfR gem. It evaluates the gems currently being used to satisfy its requirements: . .TP fBactivesupport 2.3.8fR also used to satisfy a dependency in fBactivemerchantfR, which is not being updated . .TP fBrack ~> 1.1.0fR not currently being used to satify another dependency . .P Because you did not explicitly ask to update fBactivemerchantfR, you would not expect it to suddenly stop working after updating fBactionpackfR. However, satisfying the new fBactivesupport 3.0.0.rcfR dependency of actionpack requires updating one of its dependencies. . .P Even though fBactivemerchantfR declares a very loose dependency that theoretically matches fBactivesupport 3.0.0.rcfR, bundler treats gems in your Gemfile(5) that have not changed as an atomic unit together with their dependencies. In this case, the fBactivemerchantfR dependency is treated as fBactivemerchant 1.7.1 + activesupport 2.3.8fR, so fBbundle installfR will report that it cannot update fBactionpackfR. . .P To explicitly update fBactionpackfR, including its dependencies which other gems in the Gemfile(5) still depend on, run fBbundle update actionpackfR (see fBbundle update(1)fR). . .P fBSummaryfR: In general, after making a change to the Gemfile(5) , you should first try to run fBbundle installfR, which will guarantee that no other gems in the Gemfile(5) are impacted by the change. If that does not work, run bundle update(1) fIbundle-update.1.htmlfR. . .SH “SEE ALSO” . .IP “(bu” 4 Gem install docs: docs.rubygems.org/read/chapter/2 . .IP “(bu” 4 Rubygems signing docs: docs.rubygems.org/read/chapter/21 . .IP “” 0
Generated with the Darkfish Rdoc Generator 2.


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Across: 1,9. Swimming nude, drown in the antipodes (4 5) 5. Tool used in garden around American home (5) 8,5dn. As 23 statement, sincere would-be prince detailed mountain, giggling with pictures created (4 3 5) 9. see 1 10. Heard 32 down? (5) 11. Lean leaning? (7) 12. What the 5 across said in 2008 ultimately contributes to our greater dignity (5) 15. It can contribute to light, or chaos (5) 18,32dn. Cooked 12 cake, as Europeans used to call 23 (having 'discovered' it in 1872) (5 4) 21. Put forth and began removing king (6) 22,25. Here, deep in the 38 of 1 across 9? (3 3 6) 23.  (5) 24. Kid like Billy might have one, being badly spoilt (6) 25. see 22 26. Vulnerable after government's latest 'adjustment' (5) 29. 32 down, for example, turned poem (5) 32. Rapid start to summit ruling out phosphorus attacks (5) 35. Rent-a-party for whirlwind action (7) 36. Big name in Sikhdom to perform on heroin (5) 37. You might use it for rapid negotiation, once a problem (5) 38. Bush attacked Cuba? OK, about time! (7) 39. Furry little fellows from 1 across 9 with currency abroad (5) 40. Some grog poured back with first couple of 39 wiped out (4) Down: 1. Coats wattle bud as directed (5) 2. Bird ultimately in for time in water? (5) 3. When duo sung, they alternated, as not 11 across (6) 4. Not as fresh as before, thief losing some energy (6) 5. see 8 across 6. Song dropping introduction to get 7y tone (5) 7. Land, the stuff of 5 down (5) 8. Start to fall apart in attack after losing round (4) 13. Sketch with funny lout in English opener (7) 14. Spun nonsense with a modern type of talk (7) 16. Global division of 1 across 9 plot, a C.I.A. one (7) 17. In chronicle, a redefining of what colonists generally did to native lands (7) 18. Grown up ahead of time ... laud development! (5) 19. Ooze sex naked, even without a pole (5) 20. Stabbed and knocked king out (5) 27. Heat of conflict, then month not working (6) 28. 1 across 9 town fear a ration cut (6) 29. He indulges bias to exploring, ends up being first European to encounter 23 (5) 30. One possessing, with right? (5) 31. Spirit of those displaced (5) 32. see 18 across 33. Victor not first at 5 down (5) 34. Pete's insane brew (5)


| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private LineSegment |
Solver.itinerary
Line segment representing the itinerary.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
private LineSegment |
Solver.getItinerary() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
Point.belongsTo(LineSegment ls)
Given a line segment, checks if the point belongs to it.
|
double |
Point.distanceTo(LineSegment ls)
We can calculate the distance of a point to a line if the point is located between
the line segment outermost points, this is, it's x coordinate is bigger than the
smallest x coordinate of the segment and it is also smaller than the largest x
coordinate of the segment.
|
boolean |
LineSegment.intersects(LineSegment ls)
The algorithm used is a modified version of the algorithm to check the intersection
between two line segments, as described on:
http://moderntone.blogspot.pt/2013/02/a-simple-algorithm-to-determine-whether.html
By: Tom.
|
protected boolean |
Circle.intersects(LineSegment ls)
The intersection is reviewed by measuring the distance between the circle and the line segment,
if this distance is bigger than the radius of the circle, then there is no intersection, if it is
smaller, then there is intersection and finally if it is zero the circle is collinear to the
line segment.
|
protected abstract boolean |
GeometricFigure.intersects(LineSegment ls) |
protected boolean |
Rectangle.intersects(LineSegment ls)
Checks if a rectangle intersects a line segment, using the intersection between two line
segments in all of the rectangle's edges.
|
protected boolean |
Triangle.intersects(LineSegment ls)
Checks if a triangle intersects a line segment, using the intersection between two line
segments in all of the triangle's edges.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Solver(java.util.List<GeometricFigure> figureList,
LineSegment ls) |


The Browns Reportedly Shut Down A Myles Garrett Interview
by Tzvi MachlinIn the wake of the indefinite suspension handed down to Cleveland Browns DE Myles Garrett for his helmet swing at Pittsburgh Steelers QB Mason Rudolph, he has largely been silent outside of a PR statement.
But FOX Sports NFL insider Jay Glazer revealed today that Garrett agreed to do a sit-down interview with him to address everything that happened.
As fascinating as it would have been to get Garrett’s side of the story though, we won’t be hearing it. The Cleveland Browns have made sure of that.
Glazer explained that before heading to the airport to fly out and meet with Garrett, the Browns informed him that he could not do the interview.
That certainly doesn’t paint the Browns in a good light, who have quickly seen the criticism of them turn from being a clown show to being one of the most undisciplined teams in NFL history.
Garrett will miss the remainder of the season and will have to appeal to the league for reinstatement. But he is expected to appeal the suspension.
Meanwhile, Browns DT Larry Ogunjobi earned a suspension of his own for having a role in the brawl that erupted in the waning seconds of their win over Pittsburgh.
Cleveland will face the Miami Dolphins next week without their star pass rusher, and with many of their players likely feeling a lot lighter in their wallets.
Would a Myles Garrett interview have been enlightening or unnecessary?


Yoshi
(Josh)
After spending my life in kitchens, I decided to make a change in my life. I’ve always been very interested in learning to code, and after a life time decided to make that change. I figured with my eye for details, organization and work ethic learned in kitchens I would have a fun time learning a new language(s). Likes: Food, Dogs, Hats, Dinosaurs, Dances with Wolves, Obscure 8bit Music.