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gdal_translate
Converts raster data between different formats.
Synopsis
gdal_translate [--help-general]
[-ot {Byte/Int8/Int16/UInt16/UInt32/Int32/UInt64/Int64/Float32/Float64/
CInt16/CInt32/CFloat32/CFloat64}] [-strict]
[-if format]* [-of format]
[-b band]* [-mask band] [-expand {gray|rgb|rgba}]
[-outsize xsize[%]|0 ysize[%]|0] [-tr xres yres]
[-ovr level|AUTO|AUTO-n|NONE]
[-r {nearest,bilinear,cubic,cubicspline,lanczos,average,rms,mode}]
[-unscale] [-scale[_bn] [src_min src_max [dst_min dst_max]]]* [-exponent[_bn] exp_val]*
[-srcwin xoff yoff xsize ysize] [-epo] [-eco]
[-projwin ulx uly lrx lry] [-projwin_srs srs_def]
[-a_srs srs_def] [-a_coord_epoch <epoch>]
[-a_ullr ulx uly lrx lry] [-a_nodata value]
[-a_scale value] [-a_offset value]
[-nogcp] [-gcp pixel line easting northing [elevation]]*
|-colorinterp{_bn} {red|green|blue|alpha|gray|undefined}]
|-colorinterp {red|green|blue|alpha|gray|undefined},...]
[-mo "META-TAG=VALUE"]* [-q] [-sds]
[-co "NAME=VALUE"]* [-stats] [-norat] [-noxmp]
[-oo NAME=VALUE]*
src_dataset dst_dataset
Description
The gdal_translate utility can be used to convert raster data between different formats, potentially performing some operations like subsettings, resampling, and rescaling pixels in the process.
- -ot <type>
Force the output image bands to have a specific data type supported by the driver, which may be one of the following:
Byte
,Int8
,UInt16
,Int16
,UInt32
,Int32
,UInt64
,Int64
,Float32
,Float64
,CInt16
,CInt32
,CFloat32
orCFloat64
.
- -strict
Don't be forgiving of mismatches and lost data when translating to the output format.
- -if <format>
Format/driver name to be attempted to open the input file(s). It is generally not necessary to specify it, but it can be used to skip automatic driver detection, when it fails to select the appropriate driver. This option can be repeated several times to specify several candidate drivers.
New in version 3.2.
- -of <format>
Select the output format. Starting with GDAL 2.3, if not specified, the format is guessed from the extension (previously was GTiff). Use the short format name.
- -b <band>
Select an input band band for output. Bands are numbered from 1. Multiple
-b
switches may be used to select a set of input bands to write to the output file, or to reorder bands. band can also be set to "mask,1" (or just "mask") to mean the mask band of the first band of the input dataset.
- -mask <band>
Select an input band band to create output dataset mask band. Bands are numbered from 1. band can be set to "none" to avoid copying the global mask of the input dataset if it exists. Otherwise it is copied by default ("auto"), unless the mask is an alpha channel, or if it is explicitly used to be a regular band of the output dataset ("-b mask"). band can also be set to "mask,1" (or just "mask") to mean the mask band of the 1st band of the input dataset.
- -expand gray|rgb|rgba
To expose a dataset with 1 band with a color table as a dataset with 3 (RGB) or 4 (RGBA) bands. Useful for output drivers such as JPEG, JPEG2000, MrSID, ECW that don't support color indexed datasets. The 'gray' value enables to expand a dataset with a color table that only contains gray levels to a gray indexed dataset.
- -outsize <xsize>[%]|0 <ysize>[%]|0
Set the size of the output file. Outsize is in pixels and lines unless '%' is attached in which case it is as a fraction of the input image size. If one of the 2 values is set to 0, its value will be determined from the other one, while maintaining the aspect ratio of the source dataset.
- -tr <xres> <yres>
set target resolution. The values must be expressed in georeferenced units. Both must be positive values. This is mutually exclusive with
-outsize
and-a_ullr
.
- -ovr <level|AUTO|AUTO-n|NONE>
New in version 3.6.
To specify which overview level of source file must be used. The default choice, AUTO, will select the overview level whose resolution is the closest to the target resolution. Specify an integer value (0-based, i.e. 0=1st overview level) to select a particular level. Specify AUTO-n where n is an integer greater or equal to 1, to select an overview level below the AUTO one. Or specify NONE to force the base resolution to be used (can be useful if overviews have been generated with a low quality resampling method, and a higher quality resampling method is specified with
-r
.When
-ovr
is specified to an integer value, and none of-outsize
and-tr
is specified, the size of the overview will be used as the output size.When
-ovr
is specified, values of-srcwin
, when specified, should be expressed as pixel offset and size of the full resolution source dataset. Similarly when using-outsize
with percentage values, they refer to the size of the full resolution source dataset.
- -r {nearest (default),bilinear,cubic,cubicspline,lanczos,average,rms,mode}
Select a resampling algorithm.
nearest
applies a nearest neighbour (simple sampling) resampleraverage
computes the average of all non-NODATA contributing pixels. Starting with GDAL 3.1, this is a weighted average taking into account properly the weight of source pixels not contributing fully to the target pixel.rms
computes the root mean squared / quadratic mean of all non-NODATA contributing pixels (GDAL >= 3.3)bilinear
applies a bilinear convolution kernel.cubic
applies a cubic convolution kernel.cubicspline
applies a B-Spline convolution kernel.lanczos
applies a Lanczos windowed sinc convolution kernel.mode
selects the value which appears most often of all the sampled points.
- -scale [src_min src_max [dst_min dst_max]]
Rescale the input pixels values from the range src_min to src_max to the range dst_min to dst_max. If omitted the output range is 0 to 255. If omitted the input range is automatically computed from the source dataset, in its whole (not just the window of interest potentially specified with
-srcwin
or-projwin
). This may be a slow operation on a large source dataset, and if using it multiple times for several gdal_translate invocation, it might be beneficial to callgdalinfo -stats {source_dataset}
priorly to precompute statistics, for formats that support serializing statistics computations (GeoTIFF, VRT...) Note that the values specified after-scale
are only used to compute a scale and offset to apply to the input raster values. In particular,src_min
andsrc_max
are not used to clip input values.-scale
can be repeated several times (if specified only once, it also applies to all bands of the output dataset), so as to specify per band parameters. It is also possible to use the "-scale_bn" syntax where bn is a band number (e.g. "-scale_2" for the 2nd band of the output dataset) to specify the parameters of one or several specific bands.
- -exponent <exp_val>
To apply non-linear scaling with a power function. exp_val is the exponent of the power function (must be positive). This option must be used with the -scale option. If specified only once, -exponent applies to all bands of the output image. It can be repeated several times so as to specify per band parameters. It is also possible to use the "-exponent_bn" syntax where bn is a band number (e.g. "-exponent_2" for the 2nd band of the output dataset) to specify the parameters of one or several specific bands.
- -unscale
Apply the scale/offset metadata for the bands to convert scaled values to unscaled values. It is also often necessary to reset the output datatype with the
-ot
switch. The unscaled value is computed from the scaled raw value with the following formula:\[{unscaled\_value} = {scaled\_value} * {scale} + {offset}\]
- -srcwin <xoff> <yoff> <xsize> <ysize>
Selects a subwindow from the source image for copying based on pixel/line location.
- -projwin <ulx> <uly> <lrx> <lry>
Selects a subwindow from the source image for copying (like
-srcwin
) but with the corners given in georeferenced coordinates (by default expressed in the SRS of the dataset. Can be changed with-projwin_srs
).Note
In GDAL 2.1.0 and 2.1.1, using -projwin with coordinates not aligned with pixels will result in a sub-pixel shift. This has been corrected in later versions. When selecting non-nearest neighbour resampling, starting with GDAL 2.1.0, sub-pixel accuracy is however used to get better results.
- -projwin_srs <srs_def>
Specifies the SRS in which to interpret the coordinates given with
-projwin
. The <srs_def> may be any of the usual GDAL/OGR forms, complete WKT, PROJ.4, EPSG:n or a file containing the WKT.Warning
This does not cause reprojection of the dataset to the specified SRS.
- -epo
(Error when Partially Outside) If this option is set,
-srcwin
or-projwin
values that falls partially outside the source raster extent will be considered as an error. The default behavior is to accept such requests, when they were considered as an error before.
- -eco
(Error when Completely Outside) Same as
-epo
, except that the criterion for erroring out is when the request falls completely outside the source raster extent.
- -a_srs <srs_def>
Override the projection for the output file. Can be used with
-a_ullr
to specify the extent in this projection.The coordinate reference systems that can be passed are anything supported by the
OGRSpatialReference::SetFromUserInput()
call, which includes EPSG Projected, Geographic or Compound CRS (i.e. EPSG:4296), a well known text (WKT) CRS definition, PROJ.4 declarations, or the name of a .prj file containing a WKT CRS definition.Note
No reprojection is done.
- -a_coord_epoch <epoch>
New in version 3.4.
Assign a coordinate epoch, linked with the output SRS. Useful when the output SRS is a dynamic CRS.
- -a_scale <value>
Set band scaling value. No modification of pixel values is done. Note that the
-unscale
does not take into account-a_scale
. You may for example specify-scale 0 1 <offset> <offset+scale>
to apply a (offset, scale) tuple, for the equivalent of the 2 steps:gdal_translate input.tif tmp.vrt -a_scale scale -a_offset offset
followed bygdal_translate tmp.vrt output.tif -unscale
New in version 2.3.
- -a_offset <value>
Set band offset value. No modification of pixel values is done. Note that the
-unscale
does not take into account-a_offset
. You may for example specify-scale 0 1 <offset> <offset+scale>
to apply a (offset, scale) tuple, for the equivalent of the 2 steps:gdal_translate input.tif tmp.vrt -a_scale scale -a_offset offset
followed bygdal_translate tmp.vrt output.tif -unscale
New in version 2.3.
- -a_ullr <ulx> <uly> <lrx> <lry>
Assign/override the georeferenced bounds of the output file. This assigns georeferenced bounds to the output file, ignoring what would have been derived from the source file. So this does not cause reprojection to the specified SRS.
- -a_nodata <value>
Assign a specified nodata value to output bands. It can be set to
none
to avoid setting a nodata value to the output file if one exists for the source file. Note that, if the input dataset has a nodata value, this does not cause pixel values that are equal to that nodata value to be changed to the value specified with this option.
- -colorinterp_X <red|green|blue|alpha|gray|undefined>
Override the color interpretation of band X (where X is a valid band number, starting at 1)
New in version 2.3.
- -colorinterp <red|green|blue|alpha|gray|undefined[,red|green|blue|alpha|gray|undefined]*>
Override the color interpretation of all specified bands. For example -colorinterp red,green,blue,alpha for a 4 band output dataset.
New in version 2.3.
- -mo META-TAG=VALUE
Passes a metadata key and value to set on the output dataset if possible.
- -co <NAME=VALUE>
Many formats have one or more optional creation options that can be used to control particulars about the file created. For instance, the GeoTIFF driver supports creation options to control compression, and whether the file should be tiled.
The creation options available vary by format driver, and some simple formats have no creation options at all. A list of options supported for a format can be listed with the --formats command line option but the documentation for the format is the definitive source of information on driver creation options. See Raster drivers format specific documentation for legal creation options for each format.
In addition to the driver-specific creation options, gdal_translate (and
GDALTranslate()
andGDALCreateCopy()
) recognize the following options:APPEND_SUBDATASET=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
NO
.Can be specified to YES to avoid prior destruction of existing dataset, for drivers that support adding several subdatasets (e.g. GTIFF, NITF)
COPY_SRC_MDD=[AUTO/YES/NO]: (GDAL >= 3.8) Defaults to
AUTO
.Defines if metadata domains of the source dataset should be copied to the destination dataset. In the default AUTO mode, only "safe" domains will be copied, which include the default metadata domain (some drivers may include other domains such as IMD, RPC, GEOLOCATION). When setting YES, all domains will be copied (but a few reserved ones like IMAGE_STRUCTURE or DERIVED_SUBDATASETS). Currently only recognized by the GTiff, COG, VRT, PNG and JPEG drivers.
When setting NO, no source metadata will be copied.
SRC_MDD=<domain_name>: (GDAL >= 3.8)
Defines which source metadata domain should be copied. This option restricts the list of source metadata domains to be copied (it implies COPY_SRC_MDD=YES if it is not set). This option may be specified as many times as they are source domains. The default metadata domain is the empty string "" ("_DEFAULT_") may also be used when empty string is not practical). Currently only recognized by the GTiff, COG, VRT, PNG and JPEG drivers.
- -nogcp
Do not copy the GCPs in the source dataset to the output dataset.
- -gcp <pixel> <line> <easting> <northing> <elevation>
Add the indicated ground control point to the output dataset. This option may be provided multiple times to provide a set of GCPs.
- -q
Suppress progress monitor and other non-error output.
- -sds
Copy all subdatasets of this file to individual output files. Use with formats like HDF that have subdatasets.
- -stats
Force (re)computation of statistics.
- -norat
Do not copy source RAT into destination dataset.
- -noxmp
Do not copy the XMP metadata in the source dataset to the output dataset when driver is able to copy it.
New in version 3.2.
- -oo NAME=VALUE
Dataset open option (format specific)
- <src_dataset>
The source dataset name. It can be either file name, URL of data source or subdataset name for multi-dataset files.
- <dst_dataset>
The destination file name.
Nodata / source validity mask handling during resampling
Masked values, either identified through a nodata value metadata set on the
source band, a mask band, an alpha band will not be used during resampling
(when using -outsize
or -tr
).
The details of how it is taken into account depends on the resampling kernel:
for nearest resampling, for each target pixel, one of the potential contributing source pixels is selected (in an implementation specific way). Its value is used as it, be it valid or invalid.
for bilinear, cubic, cubicspline and lanczos, for each target pixel, the weights of contributing source pixels is set to zero to ignore them when they are masked. There is an extra specificity for cubic: given that some of the weights in the kernel are negative, such strategy could lead to strong overshoot/undershoot when there is an alternance of valid and invalid pixels. Consequently, if any of the horizontal or vertical direction, if the maximum number of valid source pixels in each dimension is less than the radius of the resampling kernel, the target pixel is considered as nodata.
for the other resampling methods, source pixels contributing to the target pixel are ignored if masked. Only the valid ones are taken into account. If there are none, the target pixel is considered as nodata.
C API
This utility is also callable from C with GDALTranslate()
.
New in version 2.1.
Examples
gdal_translate -of GTiff -co "TILED=YES" utm.tif utm_tiled.tif
To create a JPEG-compressed TIFF with internal mask from a RGBA dataset
gdal_translate rgba.tif withmask.tif -b 1 -b 2 -b 3 -mask 4 -co COMPRESS=JPEG -co PHOTOMETRIC=YCBCR --config GDAL_TIFF_INTERNAL_MASK YES
To create a RGBA dataset from a RGB dataset with a mask
gdal_translate withmask.tif rgba.tif -b 1 -b 2 -b 3 -b mask
Subsetting using -projwin
and -outsize
:
gdal_translate -projwin -20037500 10037500 0 0 -outsize 100 100 frmt_wms_googlemaps_tms.xml junk.png


{% load state %} {% load utils %}
| Submission date: | {{ object.created_at }} |
|---|---|
| State: | {{ object.get_state_display }} |
| Matched person: | {% if object.person %} {{ object.person.full_name }} {% if object.person.email %}<{{ object.person.email|urlize }}>{% endif %} {% else %}—{% endif %} |
| Application score: | Automatic: {{ object.score_auto }} pts. Manual: {% if object.score_manual is not None %}{{ object.score_manual }} pts.{% else %}not scored{% endif %} Total: {{ object.score_total }} pts. |
| Manual score notes: | {% if object.score_notes %}{{ object.score_notes }}{% else %}—{% endif %} |
| Application Type: | {{ object.get_review_process_display|default:"—" }} |
| Registration Code: | {{ object.group_name|default:"—" }} |
| Personal name: | {{ object.personal }} |
| Middle name: | {{ object.middle }} |
| Family name: | {{ object.family}} |
| Email: | {{ object.email|urlize }} |
| Github: | {{ object.github|default:"—" }} |
| Occupation: | {{ object.get_occupation_display }} {{ object.occupation_other }} |
| Affiliation: | {{ object.affiliation }} |
| Location: | {{ object.location}} |
| Country: | {{ object.get_country_display }} |
| This is a small, remote, or under-resourced institution: | {{ object.underresourced|yesno }} |
| Areas of expertise: |
{% if object.domains.all %}
|
| Other areas of expertise: | {{ object.domains_other|default:"—" }} |
| I self-identify as a member of a group that is under-represented in research and/or computing: | {{ object.get_underrepresented_display }} |
| If you are comfortable doing so, please share more details. Your response is optional, and these details will not impact your application's ranking. | {% if object.underrepresented_details %} {{ object.underrepresented_details }} {% else %} — {% endif %} |
| I have been an active contributor to other volunteer or non-profit groups with significant teaching or training components. | {{ object.nonprofit_teaching_experience|default:"—" }} |
| In which of the following ways have you been involved with The Carpentries: |
{% if object.previous_involvement.all %}
|
| Previous formal training as a teacher or instructor: | {{ object.get_previous_training_display }} {% if object.previous_training_other %} {{ object.previous_training_other }} {% endif %} |
| Description of your previous training in teaching: |
{% if object.previous_training_explanation %}
{{ object.previous_training_explanation }}{% else %} — {% endif %} |
| Previous experience in teaching: | {{ object.get_previous_experience_display }} {% if object.previous_experience_other %} {{ object.previous_experience_other }} {% endif %} |
| Description of your previous experience in teaching: |
{% if object.previous_experience_explanation %}
{{ object.previous_experience_explanation }}{% else %} — {% endif %} |
| How frequently do you work with the tools that The Carpentries teach, such as R, Python, MATLAB, Perl, SQL, Git, OpenRefine, and the Unix Shell? | {{ object.get_programming_language_usage_frequency_display }} |
| How often would you expect to teach Carpentry Workshops after this training? | {{ object.get_teaching_frequency_expectation_display }} {% if object.teaching_frequency_expectation_other %} {{ object.teaching_frequency_expectation_other}} {% endif %} |
| How frequently would you be able to travel to teach such classes?: | {{ object.get_max_travelling_frequency_display }} {% if object.max_travelling_frequency_other %} {{ object.max_travelling_frequency_other }} {% endif %} |
| Why do you want to attend this training course?: | {{ object.reason }} |
| Additional notes: |
{% if object.user_notes %}
{{ object.user_notes }}{% else %} — {% endif %} |
| Data privacy agreement: | {{ object.data_privacy_agreement|yesno }} |
| Code of Conduct agreement: | {{ object.code_of_conduct_agreement|yesno }} |
| Training completion within three months agreement: | {{ object.training_completion_agreement|yesno }} |
| Teach a workshop within 12 months agreement: | {{ object.workshop_teaching_agreement|yesno }} |


From: James Jonbo E-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Abidjan, Cote d'ivoire Tel: +225 08541845 Peace Be Unto You I am Mr james Jonbo the only son of late Mr. Joseph Jonbo . My father and mother were very wealthy farmers and cocoa merchant when they were both alive After the death of my father,long ago, my mother was controling his business untill she was poisoned by her business associates which she surffered and died . Before the death of my mother on October 2005 in a private hospital here in Abidjan where she was admitted, she secretly called me on her bed side and disclosed to me about the sum of four million five hundred US dollars thousand . USD ($4.5million ) she left in suspense account in one of the bank here in Abidjan , it was the money she intended to transfer oversea for investment before she was poisoned. She instructed that I should seek for a foreign partner in any country of my choice who will assist me transfer this money in oversea account where the money will be save and invested wisely. Because of the current political problem here in Ivory Coast I decided to transfer the money to abroad where it will be save and invested. therefore, I am crying and seeking for your kind assistance in the following ways: (1) To provide a safe bank account into where the money will be transferred for investment . (2) To serve as a guardian of this fund since I am a boy of 20 years old . (3) To make arrangement for me to come over to your country to further my education and to secure a resident permit for me in your country. As soon as I receive your urgent reply indicating your interest to assist me to successfuly transfer the money into your yet nominated account , I would give you all necessary information you may require.I have mapped out 20% of the total funds as mode of compensation for your effort for assisting me with this request. Expecting your urgent response via my email address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Yours son, James Jonbo.


Load packages
library(tidyverse)
#remotes::install_github("grantmcdermott/parttree")
library(parttree)
library(rpart)
library(rpart.plot)
library(parsnip)
library(titanic)
library(tidyverse)
Train learner
Build the tree using parsnip with rpart as the model engine:
set.seed(123)
titanic_train$Survived = as.factor(titanic_train$Survived)
ti_tree =
decision_tree() %>%
set_engine("rpart") %>%
set_mode("classification") %>%
fit(Survived ~ Pclass + Age, data = titanic_train)
Plot the model partitions
titanic_train %>%
ggplot(aes(x=Pclass, y=Age)) +
geom_jitter(aes(col=Survived), alpha=0.7) +
geom_parttree(data = ti_tree,
aes(fill=Survived), alpha = 0.1) +
theme_minimal()
Plot the tree
rpart.plot(ti_tree[["fit"]],
box.palette="RdBu",
shadow.col="gray",
nn=TRUE)
Sources
The recursive partitioning plot was designed by Grant McDermott. The tree plot is from the rpart.plot package written by Stephen Milborrow.


:: com :: sun :: star :: sdb ::
|
| service DatasourceAdministrationDialog |
- Description
- provides a user interface for administrating the system wide registered data sources.
Here, system wide registered means registered on the (one and only) instance
of the
DatabaseContext
service.
|
| Properties' Summary |
string
Title |
the title of the (dialog) window
|
::com::sun::star::awt::XWindow
ParentWindow |
parent window to use for the administration dialog
|
| Exported Interfaces - Details |
::com::sun::star::beans::XPropertySet
- Description
- allows access to the properties of the object
|
|
::com::sun::star::ui::dialogs::XExecutableDialog
- Description
- allows starting execution of the administration dialog
|
|
::com::sun::star::lang::XInitialization
- Description
- allows initializing the dialog
You do not need to call the initialize method directly, instead you may use the createInstanceWithArguments
method of your
::com::sun::star::lang::XMultiServiceFactory
.
You specify a parameter by passing one (or more)
::com::sun::star::beans::PropertyValue
object(s) to the initialize method, where the Name field contains a string describing which aspect
you want to affect, and the Value field containing a value.
Imagine the initialization values as if you use setPropertyValue of the
::com::sun::star::beans::XPropertySet
interface ...
allowed parameters are
- Title
String describing the initial title of the dialog.
If not specified, a default title is used.
- ParentWindow
::com::sun::star::awt::XWindow
describing the parent window to use for the dialog.
- InitialSelection
String or XDataSource describing which data source should be selected initially.
This String name must be known to the
DatabaseContext
.
|
|
| Properties' Details |
Title
string Title;
- Description
- the title of the (dialog) window
|
|
ParentWindow
::com::sun::star::awt::XWindow ParentWindow;
- Description
- parent window to use for the administration dialog
This property can't be set while the dialog is being displayed.
|
|
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Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


Mean Differences
Measuring association between a quantitative and categorical variable is fairly straightforward. We want to look for differences in the distribution of the quantitative variable at different categories of the categorical variables. For example, if we were interested in the gender wage gap, we would want to compare the distribution of wages for women to the distribution of wages for men. There are two ways we can do this. First, we can graphically examine the distributions using the techniques we have already developed, particularly the boxplot. Second, we can compare summary measures like the mean across categories.
Graphically examining differences in distributions
We could compare entire histograms of the quantitative variable across different categories of the categorical variable, but this is often too much information. A cleaner method is to use comparative boxplots. Comparative boxplots construct boxplots of the quantitative variable across all categories of the categorical variable and plot them next to each other for easier comparison. Here is an example looking at differences in movie runtime across different movie genres.
boxplot(Runtime~Genre, data=movies, col="seagreen", ylab="movie runtime in minutes", las=2)
This command introduces a new syntax. The tilde (“~”) in the syntax above allows us to relate one variable to another. In this context, it tells the boxplot command to plot separate boxplots of runtime by the categories of genre.
Comparative boxplots are useful because they allow us to easily compare differences in both the center and spread of distributions at the same time. The thick bars give us an indication of the median movie runtime for each genre. Here we can clearly see that animated and horror movies have the lowest median runtimes and that mysteries have the longest median runtimes. We can also see that while there is significant variation, some genres like romance, scifi/fantasy, and thriller all have similar median runtimes.
However, the boxplot also reveals additional information on the spread of runtimes for each genre. This is easiest to see by comparing the height of the boxes (the interquartile range) across genres. In particular, we can see that scifi/fantasy, action, and dramas have the largest variation in movie runtime, while horror and animated movies have very small variation. Clearly, there is more consensus about the appropriate length of horror and animated movies, than there is about action, drama, and scifi/fantasy movies.
Comparing differences in the mean
We can also establish a relationship by looking at differences in summary measures. Implicitly, we are already doing this in the comparative boxplot when we look at the median bars across categories. However, in practice it is more common to compare the mean of the quantitative variable across different categories of the categorical variable. In R, you can get the mean of one variable at different levels of a categorical variable using the tapply
command like so:
tapply(movies$Runtime, movies$Genre, mean)
## Action Animation Comedy Drama Family
## 111.91304 90.06475 100.45711 112.65060 102.60000
## Horror Musical/Music Mystery Romance SciFi/Fantasy
## 97.39545 108.46602 114.25641 109.89855 112.56202
## Thriller
## 110.13260
The tapply
command takes three options. The first option is the quantitative variable for which we want means. The second option is the categorical variable. The third option is the method we want to run on the quantitative variable, in this case the mean. The output is the mean movie runtime by genre.
We can also display these results graphically using barplots. To make this prettier, I am first going to sort the output from largest to smallest mean runtime:
mruntime <- tapply(movies$Runtime, movies$Genre, mean)
mruntime <- sort(round(mruntime,1), decreasing=TRUE)
par(mar=c(7,4,4,2),las=2)
b <- barplot(mruntime, col="skyblue", ylab="movie runtime in minutes", ylim=c(0,125))
text(b[,1],mruntime+4,label=paste(mruntime), cex=0.7)
Now we can see very clearly how mean movie runtimes compare across different genres. We can also easily calculate the mean difference in movie length across any two genres. For example, lets say we are interested in the difference between action movies (111.9 minutes, on average) and horror movies (97.4 minutes, on average).
\[111.9-97.4=14.5\]
Action movies are, on average, 15 minutes longer than horror movies.


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7 Surprising Benefits of Exercise
'Y'ou probably have a vague sense that exercise is good for you—and you’ve probably heard that it’s
“healthy for the
heart.” But if you’re like most people, that’s not enough motivation to get you to break a sweat
with any regularity. As
I report in the TIME cover story, “The Exercise Cure,” only 20% of Americans get the recommended 150
minutes of strength
and cardiovascular physical activity per week, more than half of all baby boomers report doing no
exercise whatsoever,
and 80.2 million Americans over age 6 are entirely inactive.
That’s bad news, but emerging evidence shows that there are plenty of compelling reasons to start
moving at any age and
even if you’re ill or pregnant. Indeed, scientists are learning that exercise is, actually,
medicine. “There is no pill
that comes close to what exercise can do,” says Claude Bouchard, director of the human genomics
laboratory at Pennington
Biomedical Research Center in Louisiana. “And if there was one, it would be extremely expensive.”
You can read the whole story for more, but here are some of the amazing things that happen to a body
in motion.
1. Exercise is great for your brain.
It’s linked to less depression, better memory and quicker learning. Studies also suggest that exercise is, as of now, the best way to prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, a major fear for many Americans. Scientists don’t know exactly why exercise changes the structure and function of the brain, but it’s an area of active research. So far, they’ve found that exercise improves blood flow to the brain, feeding the growth of new blood vessels and even new brain cells, thanks to the protein BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor). BDNF triggers the growth of new neurons and helps repair and protect brain cells from degeneration. It may also help people focus, according to recent research.
2. You might get happier.
Countless studies show that many types of exercise, from walking to cycling, make people feel better and can even relieve symptoms of depression. Exercise triggers the release of chemicals in the brain—serotonin, norepinephrine, endorphins, dopamine—that dull pain, lighten mood and relieve stress. “For years we focused almost exclusively on the physical benefits of exercise and really have ignored the psychological and emotional benefits of being regularly active,” says Cedric Bryant, chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise.
3. It might make you age slower.
Exercise has been shown to lengthen lifespan by as much as five years. A small new study suggests that moderate-intensity exercise may slow down the aging of cells. As humans get older and their cells divide over and over again, their telomeres—the protective caps on the end of chromosomes—get shorter. To see how exercise affects telomeres, researchers took a muscle biopsy and blood samples from 10 healthy people before and after a 45-minute ride on a stationary bicycle. They found that exercise increased levels of a molecule that protects telomeres, ultimately slowing how quickly they shorten over time. Exercise, then, appears to slow aging at the cellular level.
4. It’ll make your skin look better.
Aerobic exercise revs up blood flow to the skin, delivering oxygen and nutrients that improve skin health and even help wounds heal faster. “That’s why when people have injuries, they should get moving as quickly as possible—not only to make sure the muscle doesn’t atrophy, but to make sure there’s good blood flow to the skin,” says Anthony Hackney, an exercise physiologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Train long enough, and you’ll add more blood vessels and tiny capillaries to the skin, too. The skin also serves as a release point for heat. (See “Why Does My Face Turn Red When I Exercise?” for more on that.) When you exercise, your muscles generate a lot of heat, which you have to give up to the environment so your body temperature doesn’t get too high, Hackney says. The heat in the muscle transfers to the blood, which shuttles it to the skin; it can then escape into the atmosphere.
5. Amazing things can happen in just a few minutes.
Emerging research suggests that it doesn’t take much movement to get the benefits. “We’ve been interested in the question of, How low can you go?” says Martin Gibala, an exercise physiologist at McMaster University in Ontario. He wanted to test how effective a 10-minute workout could be, compared to the typical 50-minute bout. The micro-workout he devised consists of three exhausting 20-second intervals of all-out, hard-as-you-can exercise, followed by brief recoveries. In a three-month study, he pitted the short workout against the standard one to see which was better. To his amazement, the workouts resulted in identical improvements in heart function and blood-sugar control, even though one workout was five times longer than the other. “If you’re willing and able to push hard, you can get away with surprisingly little exercise,” Gibala says.
6. It can help you recover from a major illness.
Even very vigorous exercise—like the interval workouts Gibala is studying—can, in fact, be appropriate for people with different chronic conditions, from Type 2 diabetes to heart failure. That’s new thinking, because for decades, people with certain diseases were advised not to exercise. Now scientists know that far more people can and should exercise. A recent analysis of more than 300 clinical trials discovered that for people recovering from a stroke, exercise was even more effective at helping them rehabilitate. Dr. Robert Sallis, a family physician at Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center in California, has prescribed exercise to his patients since the early 1990s in hopes of doling out less medication. “It really worked amazingly, particularly in my very sickest patients,” he says. “If I could get them to do it on a regular basis—even just walking, anything that got their heart rate up a bit—I would see dramatic improvements in their chronic disease, not to mention all of these other things like depression, anxiety, mood and energy levels.”
7.
The body uses both carbohydrates and fats as energy sources. But after consistent aerobic exercise training, the body gets better at burning fat, which requires a lot of oxygen to convert it into energy. “One of the benefits of exercise training is that our cardiovascular system gets stronger and better at delivering oxygen, so we are able to metabolize more fat as an energy source,” Hackney says. As a result, your fat cells—which produce the substances responsible for chronic low-grade inflammation—shrink, and so does inflammation.
People Also Read:
Fitness Advice That Doesn't Work
‘Ignore bad fitness advice to make the most out of your time at the gym.”
The Mental Health Benefits of Exercise
‘Exercise is not just about aerobic capacity and muscle size. Sure, exercise can improve your physical health and your physique,’
Why Exercise Is Wise
You've probably heard countless times how exercise is "good for you." But did you know that it can help you feel good too?’
Bite-sized exercise breaks
Exercise snacking differs from HIIT in both the duration of the activity burst and the time in between.’


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Overview of the currently included countries in the IPDGC and IPDGC-affiliated efforts. IPDGC, International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium; LARGE-PD, Latin American Research Consortium on the Genetics of Parkinson Disease; Lux GIANT, Luxembourg-German-Indian Alliance on Neurodegenerative diseases and Therapeutics.


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Contents
Signed Java Web Start applications and applets that contain signed and unsigned components could potentially be unsafe unless the mixed code was intended by the application vendor. As of the Java SE 6 Update 19 release (or later), when a program contains both signed and unsigned components, a warning dialog is raised. The following is an example of the dialog that the user may see:
Clicking the More Information... link brings up the following panel:
Clicking Yes blocks potentially unsafe components from running, and the program may terminate. If the user clicks the No button, the application or applet continues execution with some added protections.
Raising a warning is the default behavior, but there are options available to manage how this situation is handled.
You can manage how mixed code programs are handled via the Java Control Panel. The following screen shot shows the four levels of control available. See the Mixed code heading towards the bottom of the panel.
How to access the Java Control Panel varies for each platform
and sometimes varies for different releases of a platform. On
Microsoft Windows Vista and XP, you can bring up the panel via
Start menu > Control Panel > Java Control
Panel
.
The first three options enable the software protections, but behave a bit differently.
The final option, Disable verification, is not recommended. This option completely disables the software from checking for mixing trusted and untrusted code, leaving the user to run potentially unsafe code with no warning and without the additional protections.
deployment.properties
File
The mixed code protection options can also be set by using the
deployment.security.mixcode
deployment property, as
described in Deployment
Configuration File and Properties.
deployment.security.mixcode=ENABLE
This option enables mixed code verification. When a potential security risk is encountered, a warning dialog is raised. This is the default value for this property.
deployment.security.mixcode=HIDE_RUN
This option suppresses the warning dialog. The code executes as if the user had clicked No from the warning dialog.
deployment.security.mixcode=HIDE_CANCEL
This option suppresses the warning dialog and behaves as if the user had clicked Yes from the warning dialog.
deployment.security.mixcode=DISABLE
This option is not recommended. The software is disabled from checking for mixing trusted and untrusted code, leaving the user to run potentially unsafe code with no warning and without the additional protections.
This section describes best practices for developers and deployers to protect their applications and applets from being maliciously re-purposed by replacing trusted components with untrusted ones.
Two new JAR manifest attributes are available, as of Java SE 6 Update 19, for deploying signed applications and applets. A warning dialog is not displayed when one of these manifest attributes is included.
Developers and deployers should check their signed Java Web Start applications and applets to determine if they mix signed and unsigned code. If users of these applications and applets may inadvertently download these applications and applets from rogue websites, deploying or re-deploying with one of the following attributes should be considered. Existing signed jars need to be re-signed after adding one of these manifest attributes. Note: source code of the classes and resources are not required for re-signing with the new manifest entries.
Trusted-Only
AttributeFor applications and applets that do not require unsigned
components, the Trusted-Only
attribute should be used.
No warning dialog will be displayed and an application or applet
that loads a jar file containing this attribute will not load any
untrusted classes or resources. This attribute prevents a signed
application or applet from being re-purposed with unsigned
components. You can specify Trusted-Only
: true in the
manifest file. For example:
Manifest-Version: 1.0 Trusted-Only: true Created-By: 1.6.0-internal (Sun Microsystems Inc.)
All classes and resources in the application or applet must be signed and trusted.
Trusted-Library
AttributeFor applications and applets that are designed to allow unsigned
components, the Trusted-Library
attribute should be
used. No warning dialog will be displayed and an application or
applet may load jar files containing untrusted classes or
resources. This attribute prevents signed components in an
application or applet from being re-purposed with unsigned
components. You can specify Trusted-Library: true
in
the manifest file. For example:
Manifest-Version: 1.0 Trusted-Library: true Created-By: 1.6.0-internal (Sun Microsystems Inc.)
All classes and resources in a jar file containing this manifest attribute must be signed and trusted.
In a mixed code application or applet, all signed classes and
resources must be included in jar files that contain the
Trusted-Library
attribute.
Trusted-Library
loader is now the parent of the
normal Web Start or applet class loader. For backwards
compatibility with the original search order, both loaders
cooperate to implement a common class path. Consistent with prior
releases, jar files are lazily downloaded and opened as needed to
find requested classes and resources.
Code in a jar file that is to be marked with the
Trusted-Library
manifest attribute may need to be
modified slightly if it uses calls that are class loader dependent,
such as the single parameter version of
Class.forName()
, Class.getResource()
, and
Class.getResourceAsStream()
, some variants of
java.util.ResourceBundle.getBundle()
, and any other
methods which operate relative to their immediate caller's defining
loader. Changes only need to be made if the requested class or
resource might be found in a jar file which is not a
Trusted-Library
(and is therefore loaded by the normal
Web Start or applet class loader).
Code in a Trusted-Library
can look up the normal
loader by invoking
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()
. Note,
however, that there are uncommon circumstances in which
getContextClassLoader()
may return null
.
For example, this may happen when the garbage collector uses a JRE
system thread to invoke the Object.finalize()
method
of an unreachable instance.
If you need to convert class to Class.getResource()
or Class.getResourceAsStream()
to their
ClassLoader
equivalents, remember to adjust the string
parameter as described by the documentation for those two methods.
If the original resource name began with '/'
, then it
was an absolute name and the leading '/'
simply needs
to be removed. Otherwise, determine if the class instance which was
the target of the getResource
call is in a named
package. If it is an array you should first determine the
underlying component type of the array. Invoke
Class.getName()
on the class or component type
instance. If the class name contains any '.'
characters, it is in a named package that will need to be prepended
to the original resource name. Determine the package name by
removing any characters after, and including, the trailing
'.'
character. Next, replace any remaining
'.'
characters with '/'
characters.
Finally, add a trailing '/'
and append the original
resource name string. This new string can now be passed to the
ClassLoader
version of the getResource()
or getResourceAsStream()
methods.
Generally, care must be taken to ensure that the code in the trusted library is written in a careful and secure manner and is otherwise compatible with being loaded in a separate class loader instance from any remaining jars which are part of the application and are loaded by the normal loader.
Answer: If you do not use the new manifest entries and you encounter the warning dialog when running your signed application or applet, your program contains mixed code and is affected.
Answer: Test your Java Web Start applications and Java applets against Java SE or Java for Business 6 Update 19 or later. If you are running earlier release families, you should additionally install and test your program under 5.0 Update 24 (or later), or 1.4.2_26 (or later), as appropriate. If you see the warning dialog, then the Java Web Start application or applet contains mixed code.
Answer: End users can click the "More Information" link before deciding whether to click "Yes" or "No" in response to the warning dialog. IT or System Administrators can choose from one of the Mixed Code protection options and configure enterprise desktops through the respective deployment properties described above. Developers and deployers can use the new manifest entries to protect their applications from tampering. No warning dialog will be displayed when one of these manifest entries is used.
Answer: Two manifest entries are available to application vendors to deploy, or re-deploy, their Java Web Start applications and Java applets.
Answer: The following releases from Oracle are affected:
Answer: Users will see a warning dialog if a signed Java Web Start application or Java applet contains mixed code regardless of whether it is downloaded from the Internet or Intranet.
Answer: The mixed code issue applies. See the question on applets and applications from the Internet.
Answer: No.
Answer: Please contact your vendor for advice on their implementation.
Answer: Java SE 6 Update 19 (or later) contains the latest security fixes and Oracle recommends that customers use the latest release.
Answer: See the question on testing. In addition, the release notes for each update release documents the latest changes included.
Answer: You need to use Firefox 3 and the next-generation Java Plugin. You can get Firefox 3 through sunfreeware.com. They have a full list of Firefox packages available. See Manual Installation and Registration of Solaris Plugin or Manual Installation and Registration of Linux Plugin, as appropriate, for more information.
Answer: The following
SecurityException
messages are described for
informational and debugging purposes only. The actual message
contents may change between different implementations and
releases.
These SecurityExceptions
are thrown when a jar file
contains one of the new manifest attributes and the jar file itself
contains untrusted components.
attempted to open sandboxed jar "+ url +" as Trusted-Only attempted to open sandboxed jar "+ url +" as Trusted-LibraryThe following
SecurityException
is thrown when a jar
file contains the new Trusted-Only
manifest attribute
and untrusted components have previously been accessed.
attempted to open Trusted-Only jar "+ url +" on sandboxed loaderThe following
SecurityException
is thrown when at
least one jar containing the Trusted-Only
manifest
attribute has been opened and a subsequent attempt is made to load
an untrusted component.
Trusted-Only loader attempted to load sandboxed resource from "+ url"The following two
SecurityExceptions
are thrown when
mixed components are first detected and a decision is made to
disallow mixing. In the first case, everything previosly loaded was
trusted and then an attempt was made to load an untrusted
component. The second case is the reverse condition.
trusted loader attempted to load sandboxed resource from "+ url" sandboxed loader attempted to load trusted resource from "+ url"The following two
SecurityExceptions
are thrown after
mixed components had previously been detected and a decision was
made to allow them to coexist. The exceptions indicate that a
component name collision (resource name or class package name) was
detected between trusted and untrusted components and the request
to load the resource or class was denied.
"resource \"" + name + "\" does not match trust level of other resources of the same name" "class \"" + packageName + "\" does not match trust level of other classes in the same package"The following two
SecurityExceptions
are thrown when
untrusted components have been previously accessed, an attempt to
load a trusted component was previously detected, and a decision
was made to allow mixed components to coexist, and a jar containing
trusted components is opened and a component name collision is
detected between trusted and untrusted components.
"untrusted resource \"" + name + "\" in class path" "untrusted class package \"" + packageName + "\" in class path"
Trusted-Library
manifest attribute. Can I sign the jar
files in the sandboxed JNLP without having to change the JNLP to
request the all-permissions
security model?
Answer: Yes, with some limitations beginning
with Java Web Start in Java SE or Java for Business Update 21. The
sandboxed jar files must be signed in the same way (same signing
certificates) as one or more of the trusted jar files in a JNLP
file that uses the all-permissions
security model, and
the trusted jar file must be opened by Java Web Start prior to any
sandboxed resource being loaded which shares the same signer. This
means the trusted jar file must be earlier in Java Web Start's jar
search order or it is triggered to load independent of the simple
search order by use of the jar indexing feature. In Java Web Start,
the main application JNLP's jars are searched first, followed in
declaration order by any JNLP extensions. Jar files labeled within
a JNLP as "eager" are searched first, followed by "lazy" jar files,
followed by any jar files labeled as using the "part" feature.
Answer: No, Java ME is not affected.


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If you'd like to visit Dallas College - El Centro Downtown Campus, here is a map for the location:
Here are some tunes to help you navigate through Downtown Dallas:


Croatia liberate Luka Modric from duty
After qualifying for the Euros they have let the Madrid man go
by Alejandro AlcázarLuka Modric returns to Real Madrid action after beating Slovakia 3-1 and booking Croatia's ticket to Euro 2020. His national team have let him go ahead of the friendly against Georgia on Tuesday.
The player returned from international duty twice in a row and has spent 23 days out so this time he will be allowed to come back early before that can happen again.
Modric has played just nine games this season, with Fede Valverde stepping up to impress in midfield.
Modric will return to Madrid training on Monday ahead of the weekend clash with Real Sociedad.


Differential Privacy + Wikipedia Exploration
Top-viewed Articles on a Wikipedia
This tool fetches the top-viewed articles for a given wiki from yesterday. First you have the actual data -- i.e. accurate counts without any noise added. Then you have the data after differential privacy (DP) has been applied (specifically noise drawn from a Laplace distribution).
You can play around with the different hyperparameters to see how it affects the results. See this Facebook blogpost for a good worked example.
Language code: which Wikipedia language to query -- e.g., en for English Wikipedia.
Epsilon (ε): privacy parameter. Default to 1 but the smaller you make it, the more privacy-preserving.
Sensitivity: the maximum amount that any individual can add to the result. For example, if this is daily user pageviews, 800 would be appropriate as IP+UA hashes that are associated with more than 800 pageviews in a day are labeled as "automated".


In revision 98 the default name for translation tables was changed: instead of “modeltranslation” it is now “model_translation”. You don’t have to rename your tables, just upgrade to DM revision 102 or later and add a Meta class within your translation model:
class MyModel(models.Model):
[...]
class Translation(multilingual.Translation):
my_field = ...
class Meta:
db_table="my_modeltranslation"
Note that this “class Meta” is inside the inner Translation class.


Pioneer 10 travelled beyond solar system, it continues into the unknown.
Note: NASA was established in 1958 as opposed to 1959 as mentioned by Shankar.
Pioneer 10 (Pioneer F) was the first aircraft to give humans an insight into the planet Jupiter and its moons. It was the first mission to Jupiter. It was part of the Pioneer program, a series of United States unmanned space missions launched between 1958 and 1978.
Objectives:
Document Jupiter, its environment and its moon (mainly Europa, Callisto, Io, Ganymede) through photographs (Jovian System) Study the solar wind, cosmic rays, heliosphere, and far reaches of the Solar System Explore the atmosphere and radioactivity of the planet Study the outer Solar System and heliosphere exploration Study the asteroid belt
History
Gary Flandro, an aerospace engineer, conceived a mission to exploit a rare outer planets’ alignment. The space probe was manufactured by TRW Inc. They were given a combined $380 million contract in 1970 to build Pioneer 10 and 11. It took 25 million man-hours As per a TRW engineer, “This spacecraft is guaranteed for two years of interplanetary flight. If any component fails within that warranty period, just return the spacecraft to our shop and we will repair it free of charge.”
Spacecraft and Design:
Six 76-centimetres long panels attached to a 36-centimetres bus to form a hexagonal structure. It could host eight to eleven instruments which were protected in a honeycomb aluminium structure. The orientation of the probe was controlled by the use of propellant (conical scanning). Aluminized mylar and kapton blankets (insulation coating) for passive thermal control. It carried 36 kilograms of liquid hydrazine monopropellant with a total launch mass of 260 kilograms.
It used four SNAP-19 radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) powered by plutonium-238. The spacecraft needed 100 Watts to power all the equipment. At launch, it provided a combined 155 W, and 140 W while in transit to Jupiter. By 2001, it became 65W leading to operation of only selected instruments.
Mission computation was largely performed on Earth with the commands transmitted to the spacecraft. It had a meagre capacity of 6,144 bytes, a limited form of a processor, two command decoders and one distributor which required ground control to prepare commands in advance.
Plaque:
Pioneer 10 contains a gold plaque which provides information about the origin of the spacecraft. Designed by Dr Carl Sagan and Dr Frank Drake, it was drawn by Linda Salzman Sagan. The plaque consists of diagrams of a man and a woman, completely nude. It also has the diagram showing the position of our solar system in the galaxy and the chemical information about hydrogen.
Scientific Instruments:
- Infrared Radiometer - Evaluated heat output and cloud temperature from Jupiter
- Quadri-spherical Plasma Analyzer - Detect particles of solar wind
- Cosmic Ray Telescope (CRT) - Collect data on the composition and energy ranges of cosmic rays
- Helium Vector Magnetometer (HVM) - Measured the interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind interaction with Jupiter’s magnetic field, and Jovian magnetic field.
- Geiger Tube Telescope (GTT) - Survey the electrons and protons present in the radiation belts of Jupiter along the spacecraft’s path.
- Trapped Radiation Detector (TRD) - To detect light emitted by particles
- Imaging Photopolarimeter (IPP) - Build visual images of the planet by looking at it through red and blue lights.
- Meteoroid Detectors
- Charged Particle Instrument (CPI) - Detect cosmic rays
- Asteroid/Meteoroid Detector (AMD)
- Ultraviolet Photometer - Determine the quantity of hydrogen and helium in space and the atmosphere of Jupiter.
Dates:
- Launched on March 2, 1972, 01:49:00 UTC from the Space Launch Complex 36A in Florida aboard an Atlas-Centaur launch vehicle.
- Launch vehicle accelerated for 17 minutes reaching a speed of 51,682 km/h (32,114 mph).
- Reached interplanetary space ninety minutes after launch
- The initial spin rate of 30 rpm, reduced to 4.8 rpm after the extension of three booms.
- Passed the Moon in eleven hours
- Crosses the orbit of Mars on June 1972
- Entered the asteroid belt on July 15, 1972 - left the inner solar system
- Closed asteroid at 8.8 million kilometres with 307 Nike on December 2, 1972.
- Left asteroid belt on February 15, 1973 (7 months) (first spacecraft)
- Began photographing Jupiter on November 6, 1973, at 25 million kilometres range. (Total of about 500 photographs transmitted)
- Closest approach to Jupiter - December 4, 1973, at 132,252 kilometres per hour
- Crossed orbit of Saturn: 1976
- Crossed orbit of Uranus: 1979
- April 25, 1983: Crossed the orbit of Pluto
- June 13, 1983: Crossed the orbit of Neptune
- March 31, 1997: End of mission at 67 AU from the Sun
- Last signal: January 23, 2003 - 12 billion kilometres away from the Earth.
- Final attempt to contact Pioneer 10 made on the evening of March 4, 2006
Jupiter:
Pioneer 10 was able to help the scientists with the following:
- It figured out that the magnetic field of Jupiter is inverted compared to that of the Earth.
- Display real-time images of Jupiter back to earth (The broadcast received an Emmy award)
- Images of the Red Spot which is being observed by humans for about two centuries. Believed to be in existence for over 350 years.
- Study the amount of radiation dissipated by Jupiter. The radiation made the space probe send out false commands.
- Io orbiting within a cloud of hydrogen which extends up to 805,000 kilometres.
- Generated an infrared map of Jupiter which showed that it radiated more than the radiation it received from the Sun.
Miscellaneous Points:
- Pioneer Anomaly - Acceleration towards the sun ((8.74±1.33)×10−10 m/s2). Resulting in 4000 km deficit per year. To collect radiation environment information of Jupiter, the encounter trajectory was maximised. It could have damaged the space probe. First to find helium presence in the interplanetary medium and sodium and aluminium presence in the solar winds Size of the particle not more than 1mm. (not as bad as previously thought) As of 2016, travels at 26,900 km/h, 10 billion miles (114.07 AU) away from the Earth. Travels around 2.54 AU per year. (1 AU = 150 million kilometres) If course unaffected, Pioneer 10 will reach Aldebaran in two million years
Additional Sources:
Pioneer story
The Pioneer Plaque:
By Vectors by Oona Räisänen (Mysid); designed by Carl Sagan & Frank Drake; artwork by Linda Salzman Sagan - Vectorized in CorelDRAW from NASA image GPN-2000-001623, Public Domain, Link
Relative size of solar system:
Image: Wikipedia


- Home
- @language_selection(appConfig.languageMap, appConfig.routeToSwitchLanguage) }
@* * Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import config.FrontendAppConfig @this(language_selection: views.html.LanguageSelection) @(enableWelshToggle: Boolean = true)(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages, appConfig: FrontendAppConfig) @defining(play.core.PlayVersion.current) { version =>


The High School of Telecommunication Arts and Technology
Mrs. Sears, Room 306
Earth Science, Software Engineering
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>IMPORTANT DATES: September 8th: First Day of School!
Software Engineering
9th grade
Earth Science


Colorful Sound
Step 1: Press the buttons below.
Step 2: Pick a color
Step 3: Press Play and enjoy your creation!
Click me
Click me
Click me
Click me
Click me
Click me
PLAY


--- layout: post title: Here's my moon photo from last night date: 2010-09-24 04:46:00.000000000 -07:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: [] meta: {} author: ---
This was shot using a Canon 5D Mark II looking through the eyepiece of a telescope. Shot during the Super Harvest Moon on September 23, 2010. Cheating, but it still works.
Flickr - http://www.flickr.com/photos/brendanlim/5019720678/


Character: John Snow
With his powerful sword he can defeat enemies with one blow by cutting their heads or cutting them in half.
Character: Daenerys Targaryen
With her dragon Drogon she can burn enemies instantly. (these animations are not implemented yet).
Character: Arya Stark
Not included in the game yet.
Enemy: Lancero
Fire powerfull spears that will not stop until they hit a wall or against you, so go fast to avoid them.
Enemy: Caminante
Walk non-stop from one side to the other. If he hits you, you will recoil from the damage caused by this enemy.
Potion: Shield
If you take this object, you can take one more hit without taking any damage.
Potion: Life
If you take this object, your life will be full again.
Potion: Jump
If you take this object, you can jump more to reach pleaces that you could not normally.


Torvalds at LinuxCon Europe 2014
Awards
- 1995 Running Linux on AlphaStation - In the period 1994–1999 Torvalds developed versions of Linux on early AlphaServer systems made available to him by the engineering department of Digital Equipment Corporation. Compaq software engineers developed special Linux kernel modules.[62] Linux distributions that ran on AlphaServer systems were Red Hat 7.2.[63] and Gentoo Linux.
- 1996 9793 Torvalds (Asteroid) - In 1996, the asteroid 9793 Torvalds was named after him. In 2003, the naming of the asteroid moon Linus was motivated in part by the fact that the discoverer was an enthusiastic Linux user. Although the naming proposal referred to the mythological Linus, son of the muse Calliope and the inventor of melody and rhythm, the name was also meant to honor Linus Torvalds, and Linus van Pelt, a character in the Peanuts comic strip.
- 1997 Academic Honors - In 1997, Torvalds received his master's degree (Laudatur Grade) from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Helsinki. Two years later he received honorary doctor status at Stockholm University, and in 2000, he received the same honor from his alma mater.[60]
University of Helsinki has named an auditorium after Torvalds and his computer is on display at the Department of Computer Science.
- 1998 EFF Pioneer Award - In 1998, Torvalds received an EFF Pioneer Award.
- 2000 Lovelace Medal - In 2000, he was awarded the Lovelace Medal from the British Computer Society.
- 2001 Takeda Award - In 2001, he shared the Takeda Award for Social/Economic Well-Being with Richard Stallman and Ken Sakamura.
- Vollum Award - In August 2005, Torvalds received the Vollum Award from Reed College.
- 2008 Hall of Fellows - In 2008, he was inducted into the Hall of Fellows of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, "for the creation of the Linux kernel and the management of open source development of the widely used Linux operating system."
- 2010 C&C Prize - He was awarded the C&C Prize by the NEC Corporation in 2010 for "contributions to the advancement of the information technology industry, education, research, and the improvement of our lives".
- 2012 Millennium Technology Prize - On April 20, 2012, Torvalds was declared one of two winners of that year's Millennium Technology Prize, along with Shinya Yamanaka. The honor is widely described as technology's equivalent of the Nobel Prize.
- 2012 Internet Hall of Fame - On April 23, 2012, at Internet Society's Global INET conference in Geneva, Switzerland, Torvalds was one of the inaugural inductees into the Internet Hall of Fame, one of ten in the Innovators category and thirty-three overall inductees.
- 2014 IEEE Computer Pioneer Award - On April 23, 2014, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers named Torvalds as the 2014 recipient of the IEEE Computer Society's Computer Pioneer Award. The Computer Pioneer Award was established in 1981 by the IEEE Computer Society Board of Governors to recognize and honor the vision of those whose efforts resulted in the creation and continued vitality of the computer industry. The award is presented to outstanding individuals whose main contribution to the concepts and development of the computer field was made at least 15 years earlier.
If you have time, you should read more about this person on his Wikipedia Page.


"EC2 instances must be created prior to requesting ECS"[link]
Initial tests showed that around 300-500 MB of ram is needed for all the services to run on idle. [Of course we'll need more ram than that because there would be sockets involved that can shoot up the ram usage.]


WITNESS LIST Criminal Justice Committee May 5, 1999-1:00P HB 424 FOR: Allison, Jim (County Judges & Commissioners Assn. of TX), Austin HB 681 ON: Reynolds, Carl (TDCJ), Austin Story,Dale (TDCJ), Huntsville HB 912 FOR: Simpson, David (Harris Co. Domestic Relations_Office), Houston ON: Kyser, Ben (DPS), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Townes, Trevor (Harris Co. Domestic Relations Office), Houston HB 1603 Registering, but not testifying: For: Bresnen, Steve (USA Training, Inc/.), Austin HB 1713 FOR: Bragg, Carl (AFSCME CEC Council #7), TennesseeColony ON: Scott, Wayne (TDCJ), Huntsville Williams, Christie (Dallas DA's Office), Dallas Registering, but not testifying: For: Merrell, Sam (AFSCME CEC), Palestine Simpson, Dee (AFSCME CEC Council #7), Austin HB 1749 Registering, but not testifying: For: Ybarbo, Lt. Ray (San Antonio Police Dept.), San Antonio HB 2593 Registering, but not testifying: For: Daly, Richard (TX Catholic Conference), Austin HB 2617 FOR: Bryant, Dennis (Sentinel the Alarm Company), Richardson Bunton, Caryl (A.S.S.I.S.T.), Houston Chism, John (TX Assc. of Licensed Investigators), Irving Clark, Mark (Houston Police Officers Union & Dallas Police Assc.), Houston Keeney, Rick (TX Certified Process Servers Assn.), Austin Lyons, Steve (Houston Police Dept.), Houston Martin, Stan (IACP/PSLC False Alarm Committee), Frisco Neuenschwander, Charles (CABFAA), Austin Palmquist, Tim (Bexar County District Courts), San Antonio Piper, Jay (Gulf Coast Burglar & Fire Alarm Assc.), Houston Ray, Allen (Professional Civil Process of TX, Inc.), Austin Reed, Malcolm (Self), Dallas AGAINST: Brodnax, W.M. (City of DeSoto), DeSoto Brye, Gary (West University Place Police Dept.), West Univ.Place Fant, Darrell (Town of Highland Park), Highland Park Howeth, Jack (City of Hunters Creek Village), Houston Jaffe, Richard (Self), Dallas Patterson, George (Town government of Highland Park), Highland Park Price, Chief Chris (Self), Houston Touchstone, Gifford (Town of Highland Park), Dallas Warndof, Donna (Justices of the Peace and Constables Assn.), Austin ON: Craig, George (TBPIPSA), Corpus Christi Graham, Ann (TX Bankers Assc.), Austin Kimbrough, Jay (TX Board of Private Invest. & Private Security Agencies), Austin Nix, Ben (TBPIPSA), Arlington Rose, Richard (TBPIPSA), Houston Registering, but not testifying: For: Clendenin, Ed (A.S.S.I.S.T.), Houston Samulin, Michael (TX Burglar & Fire Alarm Assc.), San Antonio Tutor, Walter (TBFAA), Channelview Watson, Rick (Dallas Police Dept.), Dallas White, Glenn (Dallas Police Assn.), Dallas Against: Jones, Claude (TX Police Chief's Assc.), Lubbock Watson, Sergeant Rick (Dallas Police Dept.), Dallas Ybarbo, Lt. Ray (San Antonio Police Dept.), San Antonio On: Hamid, Ash (Sunset Advisory Commission), Austin Shimek, Larry (TDPIPSA), Austin HB 2925 ON: Kyser, Ben (DPS), Austin SB 1885 FOR: Harrington, James (TX Civil Rights Project), Austin Martinez, Clarissa (National Council of LaRoza), San Antonio ON: Williams, Christie (Dallas D.A.'s office), Dallas


An old time LIVE commercials for Coca-Cola from 1953 and aired on NBC-TV
Author: Coca Cola | Duration: 103sWebM: WebM is an open, royalty-free, media file format designed for the web. WebM defines the file container structure, video and audio formats. WebM files consist of video streams compressed with the VP8 video codec and audio streams compressed with the Vorbis audio codec. The WebM file structure is based on the Matroska container.
A key factor in the web's success is that its core technologies such as HTML, HTTP, and TCP/IP are open for anyone to implement and improve. With video being core to the web experience, a high-quality, open video format choice is needed. WebM is 100% free, and open-sourced under a BSD-style license.
Serving video on the web is different from traditional broadcast and offline mediums. Existing video formats were designed to serve the needs of these mediums and do it very well. WebM is focused on addressing the unique needs of serving video on the web.
Source: WebMProject.org
Old TV Commercials & Old TV adverts can all be found on my channel. New videos added daily, be sure to subscribe. Old TV Commercials are not protected by copyright and are held under the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Author: Coca Cola | Duration: 76sOGG: Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The creators of the Ogg format state that it is unrestricted by software patents and is designed to provide for efficient streaming and manipulation of high quality digital multimedia.
Because the format is free, and its reference implementation is not subject to restrictions associated with copyright, Ogg's various codecs have been incorporated into a number of different free and proprietary media players, both commercial and non-commercial, as well as portable media players and GPS receivers from different manufacturers.
Ogg is only a container format. The actual audio or video encoded by a codec is stored inside an Ogg container. Ogg containers may contain streams encoded with multiple codecs, for example, a video file with sound contains data encoded by both an audio codec and a video codec.
Source: Wikipedia.org
5th Classic Commercial for Coca-Cola, this time from 20/January/1955. This charming commercial aired LIVE on NBC-TV. This commercial also features jingle.
Author: Coca Cola | Duration: 110sMP4: MPEG-4 Part 14 or MP4 is a digital multimedia format most commonly used to store video and audio, but can also be used to store other data such as subtitles and still images. Like most modern container formats, it allows streaming over the Internet. The only official filename extension for MPEG-4 Part 14 files is .mp4, but many have other extensions, most commonly .m4a and .m4p. M4A (audio only) is often compressed using AAC encoding (lossy), but can also be in Apple Lossless format. M4P is a protected format which employs DRM technology to restrict copying. MPEG-4 Part 14 is a standard specified as a part of MPEG-4. Some devices advertised as "MP4 Players" are simply MP3 Players that also play AMV video or some other video format, and do not necessarily play the MPEG-4 Part 14 format.
Source: Wikipedia.org


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MILLENNIUM A film review by Dale L. Skran, Jr. Copyright 1989 Dale L. Skran, Jr.
Not NIGHTFLYERS or NIGHTFALL!
There exist few examples of strong SF stories made into excellent films. Three recent botches come to mind -- DUNE (Frank Herbert), NIGHTFLYERS (George R. R. Martin), and NIGHTFALL (Isaac Asimov) - - all based on stories of the highest caliber, and all seriously flawed on screen. Now comes MILLENNIUM, based on the John Varley story "Air Raid" (Hugo nominated, I believe). This is the only major SF movie I can remember where the script was written by the original author without being re-written by several hacks. And it is a major film, unlike NIGHTFLYERS and NIGHTFALL, both of which starred mostly unknowns running around cardboard sets. Kris Kristofferson plays an air safety investigator who slowly comes to realize that there is something very odd about a plane crash. Cheryl Ladd plays an assault team leader from a distant, terrible future that is slowly dying. To save humanity, Ladd and her associates steal people from the past who are about to die in plane crashes away to a new life in a distant future, one far beyond their own polluted world.
As a time travel story, MILLENNIUM builds on the background provided by the simpler TERMINATOR and BACK TO THE FUTURE, providing the audience an introduction to temporal censorship and time paradoxes. Cheryl Ladd is surprisingly convincing as the woman from a dying world, and Kris is believable as well. The "stewardesses from hell" scenes as Louise and her team infiltrate a doomed 60's era jetliner was the highpoint of the film for me.
I have several complaints, however. At one point, Louise Baltimore (Cheryl Ladd) turns to one of her assault team and explains in true Gernsbackian Lecturese the concept of time censorship. Louise's "personal robot" is simply a man in a tin woodsman suit. The technology of Louise's future world seems more like that that of 100 years in the future than 1000 years in the future, but this could be explained by a nuclear war or other disaster.
While driving to the movie I expressed a hope that the plot and script would be solid even if the FX were not the best. While driving away, I did an about face and claimed that the movie would be substantially improved if an extra million or so had been put into the robot and the final scenes, which looked too much like the destruction of every citadel of evil I've ever seen on film. A final problem was the literary sounding voice-over at the end of the film - it might be a great story ending, but a movie needs a visual ending.
Overall, MILLENNIUM is a strong SF film, an original SF film, and a film that deserves but will probably not get a wide audience. It is a complex story told from various temporal points of view that seemed to leave the audience I was with somewhat baffled. I'd rate it a +2, and with another million or two in FX and the re-shooting of a couple of scenes, it could easily have been a +3 film.
.
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Introduction: Tonight my roommate and I were out of bud, so we decided to try to do an cannabinoid extraction of some leftover stems using rubbing alcohol (isopropanol) as the extracting solvent. I documented the experience for a forum I frequent, and it was suggested that I submit the report here as well.
At the time, I had no other drugs in my system except a small amount of caffeine from the Mountain Dew I drank throughout the preparation of the hash. I can't speak for my roommate on this topic, however - he's on an ever-changing battery of mood-altering prescriptions for his bipolar tendencies. He is comparable in body size to me.
Our ingredients and tools:
-Spare bud, leafs, trimmings, stems, and/or shake. In our case, this was about 1/2 an ounce of stems leftover from mostly middle-of-the-road quality cannabis buds.
-Enough rubbing alcohol to completely coat the plant material. The only ingredients in the bottle were isopropanol and water. In our case, one 16 oz. bottle of 91% isopropanol was more than enough.
-A mason jar to mix the alcohol and plant material.
-At least two coffee filters to filter the alcohol/plant matter mix.
-A cup to catch the filtered liquid, a smooth glass or ceramic surface for it to dry on, a fan to blow the resulting fumes away, and a double boiler of some sort to prevent fire. Make sure you're in a ventilated area - warm rubbing alcohol can let off some impressive fumes.
-A razor blade or X-acto type of knife for scraping the hash off the evaporation surface. We used a plastic ID card, but a razor blade would have probably worked much better.
-Rolling papers or some other smokable material on which to apply the hash.
Preparation: After going out and buying some 91% isopropanol rubbing alcohol, we came home and ground what I would estimate to be half an ounce of leftover stems and poured the result into a mason jar. Then rubbing alcohol was added until the ground-up stems were thoroughly soaked with a layer of about an inch of extra rubbing alcohol on top. We used about a third of the 16 oz. bottle. The jar was sealed and shaken vigorously for about three minutes before it was opened and the contents poured through two coffee filters into a measuring cup.
There was about one-half to two-thirds of a cup of green/yellow semi-transparent liquid after the filtering.  The pan was placed over the stove burner and served as a makeshift double-boiler - we didn't want to apply the flame directly to the plate for fear of the alcohol igniting. Instead, the water was brought to a gentle boil and a fan was placed to blow all the fumes and steam away from the area. The filtered liquid evaporated over the course of about 50 minutes and formed a thin, sticky, dark green coating over the top of the ceramic plate.
This resin was loosened from the plate by applying heat with a lighter and scraped using the edge of a plastic student ID card (the only tool available). Then the resin was wiped off both sides of the edge of the ID using a piece of rolling paper folded in half. The areas of the paper with thick coatings of green-black resin were ripped from the rest of the paper and rolled into balls, each the size of a large pinhead.
The balls were placed one at a time into a pipe and smoked.
Observations: I honestly didn't think this was going to work in the first place, but I figured it was worth a try. The whole procedure was pretty simple - the only change I'd make next time is to use more material to start with and to evaporate the filtered liquid over a smaller area than the large ceramic plate.
I used all the leftover plant matter I had available, so the materials issue couldn't be helped. As for the evaporation surface, the plate worked decently but made scraping the hash/resin somewhat difficult. Evaporating the filtered liquid over such a large area made it go quickly (it took less than an hour for the alcohol to evaporate), but the result was spread very thinly across the plate. This made the scraping bit harder, especially because the resin that formed was really sticky and held fast to smooth surfaces. In spite of those problems, we still got a decent result.
Results: I smoked it first, as my roommate was leery of scraping and smoking something we mixed together on a whim that resembled dried green paste. I rolled the first ball and smoked it. It took a couple hits before I figured out how to get enough smoke into the pipe each hit.
The little balls of resin and paper seemed to smolder more than they burned, and the carb of the pipe had to be plugged until the very end of each hit to draw enough smoke. The smoke itself was thick, but lacked the typical taste and scent of bud. My roommate compared the taste of it to 'burning plastic...sort of.' Personally, I didn't think the smoke had much of a taste beyond that of the rolling paper we used to wipe the ID's clean. It was a little on the harsh side compared to most bud, but by no means unbearable. Each ball lasted for two to four hits.
Within a minute after I finished smoking the first ball, I noticed a change in my state of mind. I wasn't getting sick, which was encouraging, so I rolled another ball, larger this time, and smoked it as well. At that point, my thoughts got a little jumbled, but I distinctly remember a heavy head rush that lasted for a couple minutes. Once that was over, I noticed that the high was considerably different from the high gotten from smoking bud. It was almost entirely centralized in the mind - I didn't feel the normal body high that I do from bud, but my line of thought was obviously altered. The lack of a body high made it a bit disorienting. My body felt sober, but my mind felt heavily intoxicated. It led to a few weird times when I wouldn't *feel* stoned, but when I got up to do something, like getting a glass of water, I'd have to pause and remind myself what I was doing. Over the course of three hours, I smoked about four balls in all, with about equal time between each.
It's now about two hours since I smoked the last one, and I'm still far from sober. To be honest, this report feels like it's taking forever to write, and I keep getting distracted by small things. I also have to reread paragraphs to make sure they make sense after I type them - a few of them haven't.
My roommate, who has been smoking weed with regularity for only a couple months, felt the effects more strongly. After smoking a couple of the balls, the head rush hit him hard. He had a lot of nervous energy and started pacing and saying things that didn't make particularly much sense to me, though to be fair, I was high as well. At one point, he entered the kitchen then left it, sat down on the couch for a moment, got up, walked to the kitchen, paused at the entrance, looked around for a moment, stiffened up, and said 'uhh...water!' before finally grabbing his cup and filling it up. He did a lot of strange little things like that for the next couple hours. He also seemed rather confused and didn't look like he was enjoying himself as much as I did.  In any case, the hash had a profound effect on him.
Conclusions: I was surprised this worked so well. It might be worth repeating if I can get my hands on a lot of cheap, low-quality weed. In this case, we were able to roll six balls from the resin we scraped from the plate. But considering we started with nothing but a half an ounce of stems, I'd consider this a success.
I'd recommend this to anyone luck enough to have extra weed around - especially schwag, trimmings, stems, and/or shake - and some time to kill. It's a simple experiment, and somewhat crude, but the results are definitely interesting.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


It's generally safe to say that BMW's latest foray into their 8 Series has been generally successful. Meant to carry on the rather short-lived first generation 8 Series, the grand tourer has been revitalized for 2018, and the M8 and the M8 Competition are its fastest pair of family members. Also, the 8 Series is rather dashing, not really dividing the car community unlike other BMW efforts (Oversized grilles, anyone?) In this rather thorough video by Carvlogger on YouTube, he visits BMW in Amsterdam to check out what happens when you tick all the boxes on the options list on a very handsome BMW M8 Competition convertible.
Gallery: BMW M8 Competition Coupe, M8 Competition Convertible enter production at Dingolfing factory
Let's get the basic facts out of the way. The BMW M8 Competition is powered by the same 4.4-liter twin-turbocharged V8 that's also found in the regular M8. The Competition means you get a bump in horsepower and other performance bits, resulting in 617 horsepower and 553 pound-feet of torque, just 26 horsepower more with the same amount of torque when compared to the M8. You also get a wider torque band, and a faster zero to 60 mile per hour time of just 3.2 seconds. An eight-speed automatic takes care of the gears, while the trick xDrive system that's also found in the M5, takes care of all four wheels, or the two rear wheels if you desire. Yes, very fast, indeed.
The BMW M8 Is Fast, But The M8 Competition Is Faster:
The base model of the M8 Competition convertible in the Netherlands at a direct Euro to US Dollar conversion comes out to $236,745. With things like the carbon package, shadow line trim highlights, soft close doors, M Driver's Package, and a Bowers and Wilkins Diamond sound system, to name a few, come out to almost $46,000 in options alone. Well, when you're dropping a quarter of a million dollars on a single car, spending what is the equivalent of a brand new BMW 4 Series shouldn't be too bad, right?


About Me
Hi, my name is Khoi Nguyen and I'm a computer science at the university of Manchester. This is my third year project where I apply NLP techniques in order to extract name entities related to adverse drug reactions from a given text.
The data was provided by Professor Sophia Ananiadou and it’s consisted of social media Tweet messages, Cadec and Corpus of various Biology textbooks with the drug name, symptoms and treatments labelled. We used various packages such as NLTK, Spacy, NumPy and many more machine learning related library in order to implement this project.
-
Why is this project important?
- According to the Institute of Medicine, there are 44,000 to 98,000 deaths occur annually from medical errors. Of this total, an estimated 7,000 deaths occur due to ADRs.
- It’s currently a public health concern as it’s the leading cause of mortality in the the U.S. The cost of drug-related morbidity and mortality is $136 billion annually.
- Advancement in this field will allow more accurate and faster diagnosis of ADRs which will improve patient quality of life and reducing the error, cost in ADR detection.


About Me
I am a Computer Science Grad student at University of Southern California, Viterbi School of Engineering. I have 1 year of Professional Software Developement experience and 5+ years of coding experience.
Research
I love working with the data. So, I became Volunteer Researcher at USC Database Lab during this Summer 2020 guided by Professor. Shahram Ghandeharizadeh. We, a team of 5 developed a platform using ETL and Google Map API to help service providers to increase their income during a pandemic. For this, we used USA Population Data. It was really challenging to clean the data and use them for the project. To increase the efficiency of the database search we used indexing for our database. Later, we worked on to develop a user friendly Google's Dialogflow prototype to help users develop their own chat bots in our platform.
Education
M.S. in Computer Science (Data Science), University of Southern California
B.E. in Computer Science Engineering, SKCET, Anna University
Selected Projects
Artificial Intelligence Agent
Developed anAI agent for 5x5 GO gamewhich defeats all kinds of player and the win rate is 95%. Used Alpha Beta pruning and minimax algorithm to develop this agent.
Neural Network
Implemented a Neural Network from scratch without using any libraries to detect handwritten MNIST dataset that resulted in 98.3% accuracy.
Weather Bot
Coded a telegram bot to add regions and sends weather alert at a particular time of a day.
IoT based Vertical Farming
Developed an automatic irrigation system using Internet of Things and sensors to reduce water usage in Vertical Farming.
Personal
My name is சரவணன் ( sah-ra-vah-nun) and I am from Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.
Aquascaping, gardening used to be my stress busters. I have grown a variety of plants and bred lot of fishes. I am always open to talk and I try to understand human Psychology.
If I’m not working, I binge watch sitcoms. I am a tea connoisseur and I crave for fried chicken all the time.


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Companies can not easily monitor private cloud environments without changing the underlying architecture of the cloud.
In this presentation
Overview of botnets
Overview of cloud computing
Solution
Overview
Architecture
Program flow
Evaluation of solution
Botnet
A network of compromised computers that is controlled by an attacker (the botmaster).
Botnet topologies
Botnet detection and defence
Same propagation mechanism as other malware
Network monitoring
Honeypots
Botnet detection and defence (II)
Remove servers
Hijack a sever
Index poisoning
Sybil attack
Cloud computing
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.
Cloud essential characteristics
On-demand self service.
Broad access
Resource pooling
Rapid elasticity
Measured service
Cloud service models
Software as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
Deployment models
Public
Private
Hybrid
Community
Problem statement (reminder)
Companies can not easily monitor private cloud environments without changing the underlying architecture of the cloud.
The solution
Use a botnet to collect data about employee usage from cloud instances.
Solution
Command and control topology
Bot initiates contact
Solution features
Collect usage data
Update
Delete
Report
Extensibility
Solution components
Communication protocol
TCP
All communication starts
Command code
Bot version
Command codes
P
Ping
S
Transmit data
U
Update
D
Destroy
Bot program flow
Server program flow
Problem statement (again)
Companies can not easily monitor private cloud environments without changing the underlying architecture of the cloud.


Years of Experience
Custom Conventions is the work of Carling Dinkler, a lifelong specialist in New Orleans travel and logistics. Let our hearty experience help you navigate our community.
Leah Chase, founder of Dooky Chase restaurant endorses Carling Dinkler, founder of Custom Conventions
Custom Conventions partner Marc Preuss, shares a moment with the New Orleans
Reflections by Custom Conventions founder Carling Dinkler on making your moment shine.
In New Orleans, our comprehensive expertise in guiding, hosting and entertaining groups is unmatched. Allow us to arrange ready-to-go services such as...
Each experience we craft aims for rich authenticity and is always true to the client. Ensure one-of-a-kind memories with sustainable activities through...
Custom Conventions is the work of Carling Dinkler, a lifelong specialist in New Orleans travel and logistics. Let our hearty experience help you navigate our community.
Carla Plaster-Camp aka The Escape Artist travel expert endorses Custom Conventions.


We currently use PayPal for automatic monthly deposits. You will also be able to withdraw your revenue at any time through this linked account.


We monetize mices!
- engineer value-added interfaces
- generate distributed e-tailers
- exploit cross-media schemas
- expedite transparent methodologies
- envisioneer virtual e-commerce
- maximize mission-critical architectures
- seize scalable paradigms
- exploit rich eyeballs
- unleash user-centric e-business
- transform dynamic functionalities
- drive bleeding-edge web services
- exploit extensible eyeballs


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