Engine Requirements Overview |
|
The Fantasy GameThe fantasy engine moderates a game about the accumulation of personal Power by the player for his or her game character. Personal power is typically measured by combat prowess, but can also be measured by the breadth of skills the player accumulates. Since skills are usually intended to enhance the players prowess in combat, it becomes evident that, ultimately, combat prowess is the measure of the power of the player. Combat prowess involves the ability to hit foes in combat (attack), the ability to damage foes which are hit, the ability to avoid being hit by foes in combat (armor), and the ability to withstand damage done by foes when hit. Maximizing these abilities is done primarily through items of armor, items of weapons, armoring skills, damaging skills, and improvement of vital statistics such as health, strength, dexterity, and other attributes important to both skills and the long-run development of other vital statistics. Levels and ExperienceThe fantasy players power will tend to remain static for a period equal to their time at a given numeric Level of achievement. Levels are, therefore, a fair measure of the power of a player. When levels are gained or lost, however, power will tend to rise and fall respectively. This is due primarily to the fact that the reward of gaining in the numeric level of achievement will always take the form of new skills or attributes which contribute to the combat prowess, and therefore the power, of the player. The player who gains in levels will be instantly granted a greater ability to withstand damage done by foes, greater access to skills, a greater ability to use their existing skills, and a greater ability to hit foes in combat. An advanced level also opens up the player to the availability of more powerful items of armor and weaponry. Players will also, from time to time, gain new skills automatically by advancing in level. Lastly, gaining a level will grant the player tokens of credit in the form of Training Points and Practice Sessions, which can be spent to improve vital statistics, or to gain new skills All of these things amount to the ability to improve the players power. Higher levels of achievement are awarded in the fantasy game for the accumulation of a number of Experience Points sufficient to qualify the player for the higher level. Experience points may be gained or, usually through carelessness, lost. If a player loses a sufficient number of experience points, they may also be demoted to a lower level of achievement. Experience points, in turn, are gained in many ways. The most common way is through the Demonstration of the players combat prowess over the computer-animated denizens of the world through combat. A player who defeats a foe in combat will gain experience points proportional to the foes own power and combat prowess. A player who defeats a weak foe will not be awarded any experience points, while defeating an extremely powerful foe will yield the greatest experience point award. Experience points may also be gained by the exercise of the players non-combat powers, which is discussed in the next section. Either way, experience points, typically gained through the exercise of combat prowess through actual combat, are applied towards the gaining of levels. The gain in levels is then accompanied by greater combat prowess, which allows the player to more easily defeat foes in combat, and continue the cycle of gaining personal power. Character ClassesVariety being the spice of life, numerous ways have been devised to vary the ways, means, and types of ways in which a player can gain in power. Some players may wish to focus primarily on ensuring that they can withstand the attacks of other foes, even at the expense of an improved ability to deal damage. Some players may wish to focus on developing their power through items of armor and weaponry, even at the expense of a better set of skills. Still other players may want to focus entirely on skills as a means of maintaining combat prowess, even if it means their native combat prowess is quite weak. To accommodate these differing philosophies of play, the game engine affords players a choice in several Character Classes Character Classes are divided into several basic types, each of which embodies the different philosophies of accumulating and using power. The basic types include:
The Character Classes above do not only embody certain philosophies in the accumulation of power. They also embody certain fantasy arch-types. These arch-types, made popular by books such as Lord of the Rings and games such as Dungeons and Dragons, are the basis for the most popular forms of fantasy role-playing. For this reason, the immersion of the player into the role that they have selected becomes an end in itself, and a secondary goal beyond the primary one of the accumulation of combat prowess. To further this goal, certain other means of gaining experience points by the use of non-combat skills which are designed to enhance role-playing, are devised and put into practice. These alternative means of gaining experience through role-playing can include things such as a Thief stealing, or a Druid planting trees and communing with nature, or a Cleric converting infidels to religion, or a Bard performing for a crowd. Wrapping UpAs was stated in the overview, the fantasy game is about the accumulation of personal power for the players character, usually in the form of combat prowess. The mechanisms employed, namely Skills, Levels and Experience Points, as well as the restrictions imposed in the form of Character Classes, forms the basis of most fantasy Muds. Alternatives have become to emerge which attempt to remove the intermediary goals represented by levels, the measure of progress represented by experience points, and the restrictions and role-playing benefits of character classes. These alternatives operate in many different ways, but they all still boil down to the fundamental game missions of accumulating personal power, usually combat prowess. The Heroics GameThe heroics game will essentially be an engine whereby classless/levelless players take on goals assigned by the system on behalf of a faction. The goals in turn form part of a grand story that the player is an active participant vital to its success. The game only ends when the story does, and even then, may end only with a hook into the next heroic tale. Story LinesEach player that plays the heroics game will select a superhero with the appropriate superpowers, and will select a secret identify by which they will be known to the public world.Player InteractionPlayers must play an active role in each others attempts to pursue their own story lines. Players should be set only to go unconscious on death. The Tech GameThe tech/sci-fi engine will facilitate a game whereby the players travel to different planets in space ships in order to accumulate wealth. The wealth can be accumulated through the trading of goods, the accomplishing of goals or quests, or through piracy. The wealth is then used to upgrade the players technology; e.g. better ships, better weapons, better components, which will aid them in more easily acquiring more wealth. The basic idea is that a player creates a character and engages in some local trade, training or whatever so they can buy their First Ship. They then spend all their time either researching better eq for their ship, gathering resources to sell on needy planets for credits, buying low/selling high between planets, or comitting piracy for credits. They can use the credits to upgrade their ships in order to stay in the game. A diligent player should be able to "keep up" with a mud-wide automatic progression of technology. A lax player will be barely able to survive. Thus is born the viscious Tech cycle -- trying to stay afloat amidst the systems constant tech progression. Merchants, both on planets, and in space, are the most important mobs in the game -- players will spend a lot of their time dealing with one or the other. Only exception is for those taking the Boring Way Out (research) which is good only for botters. Basics of characters
Tech Rules
Space
Auto-Generated Planets
Combat
FlyingThe "Star Trek" aspect of the game comes mostly from how you interact with your ship. The example below is meant to show someone who is using a cheap low end freighter type ship with a single computer station and mostly manual control software. Better systems and software would make his life easier. Having a big starship where several players can each take a station would make the interactions MUCH easier. Where you see "..." this is a high level description of either what the server is saying to the player, or what the player understands. Anything else (including the = character) is a command. "=" is a shortcut for a command to enter stuff into the computer. Would players tolerate this level of complexity? I would. It seems very entertaining from this snap shot. I understand there are a lot of maintenance aspects, and ship building, buying/trading, exploring that goes on, but this brief travel/combat example seems to be a very good pace for a space MUD. ... player enters their ship, which is docked ... sit computer .. user sits at the computer .. activate computer .. this allows player to get an automatic "look" message from the computer whenever the display
changes ... read computer ..
would show what the computer screen has on it -- probably a top level
menu based on what the user has installed in their ship/computer... = engineering .. a menu entry, takes the user to enginneering menu, which will also show a summary of status and
fuel = activate engine ... system shows some stuff as generator starts up. = < ..
goes back one menu level to the top level menu.. they could have also
just entered "top" .. these navigation commands will be listed on all
screens. = navigation .. enters the navigation subsystem = altitude 25 .. automatically sets target to current planet, since altitude is only relevant to nearest
planet.. = course 180.180 = speed 20 .. player can turn their ship with the sheer and start moving; the sheer decreases .. = autopilot orbit .. this is a fancy software feature... an autopilot type command to increase their altitute to orbit
level = report planets .. list the planets/systems they have in their navigation map = course jupiter .. is it in the list? yes, then set the course and the new target .. = speed warp 3 .. thrusters disengaged, warp engines engaged .. = < = sensors .. another top level menu entry = < = navigation = speed 0 .. warp engines disengaged = < = tactical .. our "short range" subsystem = shields 10 = phasers 10 .. phasers and shield (especially) start sucking power, but not more than engines produce at speed
0.. = target ship 1 .. changes target from jupiter to one of the objects (called ship 1) in the short range tactical
sensor list = fire phasers .. blast blast .. = < = navigation = autopilot evasive alpha .. fancy combat navigation! software knows that one.. direction, distance set, and will change
automatically .. = speed impulse 5 ..
that's going to suck more power, but combined with shields and the
evasive source pattern will decrease our chance of being hit. = < = tactical .. woot, I see my phasers have warmed up again! = phasers fire .. blast .. blast .. phasers warming up now = < = engineering = report damage .. shows what's hurt .. = activate battery 2 .. that should give us enough kick to get through this! stand open access panel remove transfer coil open spare parts box get transfer coil shipinstall "2.transfer coil" "access panel" .. using a skill takes a few ticks.. ugh! sit computer .. as long as im still in the room, im still monitoring the computer, so i would have seen any
changes. = tactical = fire phasers .. blast blast .. = target rubble 1 = fire tractor .. rubble hit by tractor beam! = stop tractor .. rubble pulled into cargo bay .. = < = navigation = speed 0 = < = tactical = shields 1 = phasers 0 .. now my poor generator and batteries will stop bleeding! = < = engineering = deactivate battery 2 ... battery
no longer being drawn from.. let it get refilled. main batteries
will refill from generator now that we aren't taxing it so much! = < = navigation = course jupiter = speed warp 1 .. can't maintain warp 3 at these power levels.. it would just disengage and there would be damage... = < = sensors .. watch for a short while stand south .. lets go see what kind of rubble we got! maybe there's a good transfer coil in there! Final ThoughtsAetherMud may seem like an enormous conglomorated mess of swirling classes and algorithms exploding forever into a void of chaos. Strangely enough, it was designed that way. There are several design principles that are followed to make the codebase generally Better. These principles include Playability, Flexibility, Isolation, and Integrity. Playability is the easiest to explain. A feature does not remain in the Engine if it is not Fun, or somehow detracts from Fun. This may sound like a vague rule, since people will disagree on what is fun. However, it is quite certain that if even the proponents of a feature agree it does not ultimately make the game more fun, it will not be included on the feature list. Often this means other considerations fall away under this rule, with Realism being the most common. However, in the end, it is never forgotten that AetherMud is a game, not a real-life simulation. Flexibility is also easy to understand. Whenever possible, any feature becomes better if, while having a Common-Case Default behavior, it also includes the ability to have that behavior altered through parameters. Sometimes these parameters take the form of "aethermud.ini" file entries, or of object parameter strings as in behaviors or abilities. Sometimes flexibility is accomplished simply by not having a feature impose itself unless the builders include something in their worlds to activate it. This last method often has to be tempered against Integrity, but that is a delicate balance that is preserved in the end. Isolation is a strictly code-base principle. What is means is that, each class in the code base interacts freely with it's own methods, freely with the core classes, and freely with the interfaces. They interact rarely with other classes in the same package, and they never interact directly with any class outside their package (except, as mentioned, through public interfaces). This principle has served the system very well, as it generally means that the functionality of spells and behaviors, items, or mobs, can all be found within their own java source. This makes maintenace easier, but it also adds to the Flexibility of the codebase by making it possible to add and remove classes with minimal impact to the system. Integrity is a prominant design principle of this codebase. What it means is that, whenever possible, the codebase requires as little work as possible by the world designers to bring codebase features to the players. The codebase contains everything within itself necessary to implement all of its features. The Common Skills are a great example of this. A player can build his own armor because the character class provides armormaking skills, not the builder. The player can get the materials to make the armor because the rooms provide the resources, not the builder. Implementing the feature only requires rooms (which every map will include), and nothing more for the builder to do to make armorsmithing possible for players. |


Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra.Each letter is represented by a number modulo 26. Often the simple scheme A = 0, B = 1, …, Z = 25 is used, but this is not an essential feature of the cipher. To encrypt a message, each block of n letters (considered as an n-component vector) is multiplied by an invertible n × n matrix, against modulus 26. To decrypt the message, each block is multiplied by the inverse of the matrix used for encryption. The matrix used for encryption is the cipher key, and it should be chosen randomly from the set of invertible n × n matrices (modulo 26).


| Session |
Description |
Demos |
| Keynote |
This session will overview the Microsoft web platform and introduce fundamental building blocks like Visual Studio 2015 and NuGet. It will include an overview of Microsoft Azure and encourage attendees to sign up so they can "play along" with
demos throughout the day. |
|
| Introduction to ASP.NET and Visual Studio 2015 Web Tooling |
We'll start out by explaining the One ASP.NET experience in Visual Studio 2015. We'll continue with an introduction to ASP.NET Core. Next, we'll introduce new features for web developers in Visual Studio 2015 and Web Essentials, explaining how Visual
Studio is the best editor for HTML, CSS and JavaScript as well as your back end code. We'll also look at some new features across the ASP.NET platform including new Bootstrap templates, the new scaffolding system, and the new membership
and identity system. |
Demo - Getting started with ASP.NET Core |
| Tag Helpers |
| Visual Studio and Web Essentials |
| Building Web Applications using the latest ASP.NET technologies |
This session will include a quick introduction to the MVC pattern, then build and deploy an ASP.NET Core website using MVC, Entity Framework Code First, and Microsoft Azure Web Apps. We'll continue building this demo scenario (the GeekQuiz app
from the BUILD 2013 keynote) throughout the day. |
Building and deploying an ASP.NET application |
| Building web front ends for both desktop and mobile using the latest web standards |
In this session, we'll dig into the latest web standards - HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript with jQuery, and responsive web design. We'll see how to apply some of the web dev features in Visual Studio 2015 shown earlier in the day with real world application.
This session extends the GeekQuiz application by building in a single page application (SPA) interface using Angular 2 and CSS3 transitions. |
Building a SPA interface using Angular 2 |
| API Services for both web and devices |
This session will begin by explaining what HTTP services are and some HTTP API design principles like REST and Hypermedia. We'll build out the HTTP API back end for the GeekQuiz application using ASP.NET Web API, then show how we can leverage
it with a Windows Store front end. |
Overview of Web API backend from GeekQuiz |
| Building a Universal Windows application front end |
| Running, improving and maintaining a site in the real world |
We've built and deployed a site, but that's the easy part. How do we keep it running and make it better? We'll see how to leverage Microsoft Azure to solve three real world challenges: scaling, handling change (without downtime or headaches)
and managing multiple environments. |
Scaling a production website |
| Handling change (EF migrations, Deployment rollback) |
| AAD Authentication |
| Wrap Up |
This session will review what's been covered throughout the day and show where to go to learn more. |
|


This part prescribes policies and procedures relating to the administrative aspects of contract execution, contractor-submitted paper documents, distribution, reporting, retention, and files.
As used in this part—
“Procurement Instrument Identifier (PIID)” means the Government-unique identifier for each solicitation, contract, agreement, or order. For example, an agency may use as its PIID for procurement actions, such as delivery and task orders or basic ordering agreements, the order or agreement number in conjunction with the contract number (see 4.1602).
“Supplementary procurement instrument identifier” means the non-unique identifier for a procurement action that is used in conjunction with the Government-unique identifier. For example, an agency may use as its PIID for an amended solicitation, the Government-unique identifier for a solicitation number (e.g., N0002309R0009) in conjunction with a non-unique amendment number (e.g., 0001). The non-unique amendment number represents the supplementary PIID.
Only contracting officers shall sign contracts on behalf of the United States. The contracting officer’s name and official title shall be typed, stamped, or printed on the contract. The contracting officer normally signs the contract after it has been signed by the contractor. The contracting officer shall ensure that the signer(s) have authority to bind the contractor (see specific requirements in 4.102 of this subpart).
(a) Individuals. A contract with an individual shall be signed by that individual. A contract with an individual doing business as a firm shall be signed by that individual, and the signature shall be followed by the individual’s typed, stamped, or printed name and the words, “an individual doing business as _________” [insert name of firm].
(b) Partnerships. A contract with a partnership shall be signed in the partnership name. Before signing for the Government, the contracting officer shall obtain a list of all partners and ensure that the individual(s) signing for the partnership have authority to bind the partnership.
(c) Corporations. A contract with a corporation shall be signed in the corporate name, followed by the word “by” and the signature and title of the person authorized to sign. The contracting officer shall ensure that the person signing for the corporation has authority to bind the corporation.
(d) Joint venturers. A contract with joint venturers may involve any combination of individuals, partnerships, or corporations. The contract shall be signed by each participant in the joint venture in the manner prescribed in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section for each type of participant. When a corporation is participating, the contracting officer shall verify that the corporation is authorized to participate in the joint venture.
(e) Agents. When an agent is to sign the contract, other than as stated in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section, the agent’s authorization to bind the principal must be established by evidence satisfactory to the contracting officer.
The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 52.204-1, Approval of Contract, in solicitations and contracts if required by agency procedures.


As our business is running since our great great grand father , The late Dagdu Bhau Chandwadkar and his son, The late Sukhlal Dagdu Chandwadkar from 1955 till now we established a well-known brand with reliable quality service in Nasik. Our customer know that we don’t compromise quality over price in any condition.
Of course, you can get items in wholesale, In our wholesale policy, we provide all products staring from dry fruits to rare ayurvedic herbs, we keep enough quantity of all products. The Maximum you buy the best rate you get.
When it comes to dry fruits, we refresh our dry fruits every 4-5 days, but dry fruits like Almonds , Pista , and dried dates are refresh every month because these items are usually dry and can be preserved at Room temperature , and dry fruits like Raisins , Dates , Figs , Apricots need cool temperature , these items are stored at our cold storage area.
We export our spices , Dry fruits , Herbs and all other products over all states in India, We are planning for making our brand global in up coming years.
1. You can contact us on our Website.
2. Simply writeup your query on<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and send.
3. Call us on (0253)2456611.
4. Contact us on Our Facebook page
.
With most herbs and spices, cooks can expect the herbs and spices to maintain their freshness for approximately one year; up to 3 years with many dried, whole spices. Spices and herbs should always be stored in an area that is out of direct sunlight, away from any type of moisture and, preferably, in a dark area, such as a pantry away from any cooking surfaces. Spices- 36 Months, Herbs-36 Months
We pride ourselves on the freshness of our products, since we grind, blend and package them based on orders. This allows the product to maintain its freshness by not sitting in our warehouse ground and blended.
One of the fundamental principles of Ayurveda is to treat a patient on a holistic level. Instead of just providing relief from symptoms, it identifies the root cause of the disease and aims to give you a permanent cure, wherever possible. Instead of a short-term cure and instant relief, Ayurveda focuses on giving you long-term health and well-being, which is bound to take some time. Similar to any type of treatment, the time taken for improvement or cure of your disease in Ayurveda depends upon the severity and type of your disease. The stage at which you go for Ayurvedic treatment makes a huge difference. If you have been living it for the last 5-10 years, you can't expect to see improvements in a few weeks. The longer you wait to go for Ayurvedic treatment, the longer it will take to get relief and treat the condition. However, if you sincerely follow the diet and lifestyle advice given to you by your doctor, and take your ayurvedic medicines regularly on time, Ayurvedic treatment is sure to show improvements in a relatively shorter period of time.
Herbs are gentle and natural treatment. They do not have any side effects, because they are compatible with the body’s own chemicals. They are absorbed easily and because of their different characteristics (desiccant/humid, incentive/sedative etc.) it is possible to choose exactly the right herbs which can cure in the given case depending on the illness.
The history of Ayurveda goes back 5,000 years. At present there are more and more physicians from all over the world who are interested in it and who have adapted this medicinal system to our western society. Ayurveda and ayurvedic treatment techniques have been proven effective in many clinical studies. Ayurveda should be the first choice in case of chronic (drawn-out) illness, which can not be treated in a satisfactory manner by conventional medicine. Ayurveda aims not only to treat the sick person, but also to prevent illness in healthy people, who can get ill due to stress, family problems and so on. Therefore it is not possible to call Ayurveda, the science of life, merely as alternative medicine.
Fruits that are eaten immediately after meal tend not to digest appropriately or as it ought to. The nutrients that should be absorbed into the body might not be adequately absorbed. If not taken before a meal, you might need to spare 30-35 minutes before taken fruits after meal.
Calcium is an essential nutrient required for the human body to be healthy. It helps in repairing bones and making new ones. Several dry fruits contain calcium, some of which includes; Raisins, dried Apricots, Prunes, Figs, Almonds, etc. Dried apricot- Dried apricot contains 5mg of calcium in every 100gm of it. Dried fig- 241mg per cup Dates- Each date has around 15mg of calcium Dried kiwi- It contains 34 mg in every 100gm


--- layout: default title: Home ---
Prismatica Magazine is a weekly LGBTQ fantasy and science fiction magazine published by Lazy Adventurer Publishing. The magazine has its beginnings in June of 2018 and is currently open for submissions. Prismatica features short fiction and poetry by both emerging and established, self-identified LGBTQ writers.
In the magazine’s stories and poems, readers can find fantasy and science-fiction of all sub-genres and cross-genres. We happily include magical realism, contemporary science-fiction, urban fantasy, and more.


[gecode-users] mod constraint branching
Alin
alin_pt at yahoo.com
Sat May 14 21:39:34 CEST 2011
Hallo,
I have been trying the mod constraint, but I encountered kind of a problem with
the branching:
[details about what I did]
I have resources that can do a job only on a certain day
so i set the time to be the same as the resource available that day
mod(*this, resources[i], iDays, start_times[i]);
[actual problem]
my problem is that when doing the branching
if I do:
branch(*this, resources, INT_VAR_NONE, INT_VAL_RND);
I get correct values for resources, but
branch(*this, resources, INT_VAR_NONE, INT_VAL_MIN);
will return incorrect values,
for example: resource[i] will be set to 0,
and start_times[i] will be 2
while iDay is constant (7)
why does this happen ?
shouldn't branching determine just the order of the elements that are searched ?
shouldn't the value be correct indifferent of the branching type ?
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Example block-level help text here.
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Note the use of form-group class and form-control class
hello i am legend tag


Subtitle Converter
Purpose
- For Final QC
- Convert film scripts (Excel format) into tab-delimited text files so that overlays can be easily done with the tool Subtitle Edit
- Captions will automatically be filtered out as well
How To
- Open the file
- Select all the excel files you want to convert and that's it: the files will be implemented in the same folder the excel files are
Remarks
- The script will also export the reduced/filtered excel files so that you can check for yourself that everyting is all right
- All Excel and Word applications should be closed before starting this application (The script will tell you if you these programs are still open)
- Open the file
- Select all the excel files you want to convert and that's it: the files will be implemented in the same folder the excel files are
Remarks
- The script will also export the reduced/filtered excel files so that you can check for yourself that everyting is all right
- All Excel and Word applications should be closed before starting this application (The script will tell you if you these programs are still open)


On a quest for the best biking application
Preparing for my June adventure, I'm tracking my cycling progress. So far I tried Endomondo, RunKeeper and had a look at Strava. They all have their ups and downs:
The big numbers are augmented with subtle hints on median performance using a bar display. Would be nice to see an app like that
- Endomondo doesn't provide a open data API and I never got the live broadcast working, but the UI is readable on a bike
- RunKeeper UI is too tiny for cycling mount, but live broadcast works nicely and the data API is open
- Strava doesn't seem to provide live updates, but rather tracking after the tour
- Battery live sucks for all of them
The big numbers are augmented with subtle hints on median performance using a bar display. Would be nice to see an app like that
Posted by Stephan H Wissel on 28 March 2014 | Comments (5) | categories: After hours Cycling


6
The women of Jerusalem speaking to the young woman
1 You who are the most beautiful of the women,
where has the one who loves you gone?
If you tell us which direction he went,
we will go with you to search for him.
The young woman speaking to herself
2 The one who loves me has come to me, I, who am like his garden,
He has come to enjoy my charms,
to enjoy cuddling embracing me
and kissing my lips, which are like lilies.
3 I belong to the one who loves me, and the one who loves me belongs to me.

The woman's lover speaking to her
4 My darling, you are beautiful,
as Tirzah the capital city of Israel and Jerusalem the capital city of Judah are beautiful;
you make me tremble, just as if I had seen a great army approach.
5 Stop looking at me like that,
because your eyes excite me very much.

You have all of your teeth on both sides;
none of them is missing.
7 Beneath your veil,
your cheeks are like the halves of a pomegranate.
The woman's lover speaking to himself
8 Even if a king had 60 queens and 80 concubines
and more young women than anyone can count,
9 none of them would be like my dove, who is perfect,
you who are your mother's only daughter,
whom your mother considers to be very precious.
Other young women who see you say that you are fortunate,
and the queens and concubines recognize that you are very beautiful.
What the queens and the concubines said
10 Who is this who looks like the dawn,
who is as beautiful to look at as the moon,
who is an endless mystery?
The woman's lover speaking to himself
11 I went down to some walnut trees
to look at the new plants that were growing in the valley.
I wanted to see if the grapevines had budded
and if the pomegranate trees were blooming.
12 I was as happy as if
I were riding in a chariot belonging to a prince.
The woman's lover speaking to her
13 You who are the perfect one,
come back to us, in order that I may see you!
The young woman speaking to her lover
Why do you want to look at me, the one who is perfect,
dancing between two rows of dancers?


shivam giri goswami
Computer science student and front end developer
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Canada PM cites 'positive momentum' on USMCA deal as top US official visits
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on Wednesday cited "positive momentum" in the U.S. process to ratify a new continental trade deal, which has been in limbo for months amid concerns over labor standards.
OTTAWA: Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on Wednesday cited "positive momentum" in the U.S. process to ratify a new continental trade deal, which has been in limbo for months amid concerns over labor standards.
The U.S.-Mexico-Canada agreement (USMCA) was signed almost a year ago but the U.S. House of Representatives has yet to hold a formal vote on it. Democrats want better mechanisms to enforce labor and environmental protections, and to ensure that the deal does not lead to higher drug prices.
U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said last week she would not rule out a vote on the deal slipping into next year, but hoped it could happen sooner.
"It is a pleasure to see the positive momentum that seems to be happening on this renewal of this very important trade deal," Trudeau said at the start of talks in Ottawa with House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Richard Neal, a Democrat.
Mexico has already ratified the new deal, but Canada is holding back on the grounds that it wants to move in tandem with the United States.
Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland has also made it clear that Ottawa has no intention of reopening the deal.
"We want to see this implemented ... and I can tell you with all certainty that Speaker Pelosi is committed to getting to a 'yes'," Neal told Trudeau.
A Canadian government source, who requested anonymity given the sensitivity of the situation, said Neal's visit would provide a useful update but noted that "our interlocutors are not the Democrats but the White House."
Minutes before meeting Trudeau, Neal told Global News that he was seeking Canada's help with regard to Mexico.
He is due to meet Canadian Labor Minister Patty Hajdu, who visited Mexico in August to create a new bilateral working group to help implement the USMCA's labor protections and standards.
"We think that we want a series of guarantees. They're pretty basic, and we've reached accord on many of these issues but ... nothing is settled until everything is settled," Neal told Global News.
(Reporting by David Ljunggren; editing by Jonathan Oatis)


Class LayeredSpatialMap<T>
ISpatialMap implementation that can be used to efficiently represent "layers" of objects, with each layer represented as a SpatialMap. It uses layer masking (bit-masking per layer) to allow functions to operate on specific layers. Items must implement IHasID and IHasLayer, be a reference type, and their Layer value MUST NOT change while they are in the data structure.
Implements
Inherited Members
Namespace: GoRogue
Assembly: GoRogue.dll
Syntax
public class LayeredSpatialMap<T> : AdvancedLayeredSpatialMap<T>, ISpatialMap<T>, IReadOnlyLayeredSpatialMap<T>, IReadOnlySpatialMap<T>, IEnumerable<ISpatialTuple<T>>, IEnumerable where T : class, IHasLayer, IHasID
Type Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| T | Type of items in the layers. Type T must implement IHasID and IHasLayer, must be a reference type, and its IHasLayer.Layer value MUST NOT change while the item is in the LayeredSpatialMap. |
Remarks
This class is desinged to wrap a bunch of ISpatialMap instances together. At creation, whether or not each layer supports multiple items at the same location is specified via a layer mask.. One spatial map represents one layer of a map (items, monsters, etc). This class provides read-only access to each layer, as well as functions to add/remove/move items, do item grabbing based on layers, etc. Will not allow the same item to be added to multiple layers.
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceLayeredSpatialMap(Int32, Int32, UInt32)
Constructor. Takes number of layers to include, as well as a starting layer index (defaulting to 0) and a layer mask indicating which layers support multiple items at a single position (defaulting to no layers).
Declaration
public LayeredSpatialMap(int numberOfLayers, int startingLayer = 0, uint layersSupportingMultipleItems = 0U)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Int32 | numberOfLayers | Number of layers to include. |
| System.Int32 | startingLayer | Index to use for the first layer. |
| System.UInt32 | layersSupportingMultipleItems | A layer mask indicating which layers should support multiple items residing at the same location on that layer. Defaults to no layers. |
Remarks
This class allows you to specify the starting index in order to make it easy to combine with other structures in a map which may represent other layers. For example, if a startingLayer of 0 is specified, layers in the spatialMap will have number [0-numberOfLayers - 1]. If 1 is specified, layers will have numbers [1-numberOfLayers], and anything to do with layer 0 will be ignored. If a layer-mask that includes layers 0, 2, and 3 is passed to a function, for example, only layers 2 and 3 are considered (since they are the only ones that would be included in the LayeredSpatialMap.


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--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
An electric eel in a pond of goldfish


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Digital data is
transferred by each subcarrier sending an IQ vector in each data symbol.
These correspond the red crosses in the above figures and is achieved by
setting the amplitude and phase of the subcarrier. The amplitude corresponds
to the distance from the origin while the phase corresponds to the angle of
the vector. Each IQ vector is mapped to a group of transmitted bits (shown in
white next to the crosses in 16 PSK). This mapping is known by both the
transmitter and receiver.
|
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The signal is
decoded by the receiver by picking the closest known transmitter IQ vector to
the received vector. The received data is generated by using a lookup table
to find the corresponding bits of information for the received vector.
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Two example
subcarrier modulation schemes are shown above, 16 PSK (Phase Shift
Keying) and 16 QAM (Quadrate
Amplitude Modulation). Each of these schemes has 16 possible transmitter
vectors, and so can transmit 4 bits (2^4 = 16) for each symbol transmitted.
|


We aim to give small an medium sized minority owned businessess a platform and the ability to connect with customers and potential partners the world over. We are more than just a directory. We are the missing link that will help businesses circulate currancy in the communities that they operate in and in turn create even more exciting opportunites business.


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About me
Hi, I’m Mauro, a software engineer from Uruguay 🇺🇾 currently living in Dublin 🇮🇪. I am a foodie and a gamer, but first and foremost, I am a passionate programmer.
Ever since I started programming professionally in 2009, I’ve been involved in a myriad of different projects, crafting code with programming languages ranging from Objective-C, Python and Go to PHP, VB and Java.
I’ve also participated in ACM ICPC several times, but alas, I’m too old for that now. I am always looking for new challenges to keep me motivated and at the top of my game.
If you want to contact me or want to know more about me, drop me a line at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>A few projects I’ve worked on…
I love Open Source and the ecosystem it has created and try to contribute whenever I can. Here are some Open Source projects I’ve worked on in the past:
-
Amet, a Python 2 and 3 library for reading complex configuration objects from environment variables.
-
This patch for Cyanogenmod - that was later ported to LineageOS - that allows the Android alarm to be snoozed or dismissed by flipping the device over.
-
Metamon, a collection of Ansible playbooks that allows quickly starting a Django application.
-
SimpleRipple, a tiny CocoaPod that demonstrate how to add Material Design-like ripple effects to any iOS view.


#include <SequenceBuilder.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual | ~SequenceBuilder () |
| virtual Sequence | getSequence () const =0 |
| virtual SequenceBuilder::~SequenceBuilder | ( | ) | [inline, virtual] |
| virtual Sequence SequenceBuilder::getSequence | ( | ) | const [pure virtual] |


Data Type View
Visions
views data types through the lens of logical and physical data types.
This view can help guide our intuition around:
how types relate
how operations on types are performed
storage efficiency
the relations to Pandas’, Numpy’s and Python’s data models
It is limited with respect to:
intuitive understanding of membership constraints (see the nested set view).
the exact implementation (see the engineering view).
Concepts
When we refer to a data type or shortly type in visions, we mean abstract data type (ADT). An ADT is used by the user to abstract from data to solve subsequent tasks. When a data type isn’t abstract, we refer to it as a physical data type, which is concerned with storage of the data. The ADT internally represents the data in one or more physical data types. This abstraction is a powerful tool to the user.
For example, the data type integer can be stored as int64, int32, int16, int8, uint64 etc.
properties of AdT: expressiveness, low overhead complexity
Physical types
Logical types
Type detection
Type inference
Casting, coercion, conversion
Comparing with pandas
There are multiple problems when working with pandas for data analysis:
Missing values are handled inconsistently (int, bool, object)
Strings are stored as objects
Pandas’ functionality to create abstract data types is ExtensionsDType. It is expressive. Creating a new type has high overhead, as we need to define it from scratch for the lack of basic components.
Decoupling physical and logical types
Physical types
represent the actual, underlying representation of the data.Logical types
represent the abstracted understanding of that data.
To make this distinction more concrete we can imagine the sequence ['Apple', 'Orange', 'Pear']
.
At a logical level these are of the type Fruit
while under the hood each element is physically represented as String
.
This separation is useful when we working with data that means something different to use, while being stored in the same physical data type. Another simple example is a set of URLs. While we might say all URLs are stored as strings, not every string is an URL. There are also operations that are only sensible on URLs and not on strings, such as extracting the url, domain, or protocol.
Problem with missing values
Pandas’ current data model is inconsistent with respect to missing values (i.e. NaN
or None
).
Adding missing values to integers and boolean results in upcasting to float and object respectively.
Implementing nullable integer and boolean logical types allow for more efficient storage which can be achieved
through an internal bitmap (see the engineering view for details).
Problem with strings
Pandas does not have a logical type “string”. Strings are stored as objects, which gives non-trivial overhead https://dev.pandas.io/pandas2/strings.html
Where the current models fail
The data models in Python, Numpy and Pandas are inconsistent and incomplete for logical storage of data types for analysis. Here, we try to understand the aspects relation to what are shortcomings of the current implementation and we want of the unified data model.
We first provide a motivating example why we need a new model. Secondly, we show what the data models of Python, Numpy and Pandas look like under the hood. The third part of this page introduces the concepts needed to combine them.
We are envisioning a one-to-one correspondence between each of the data models without loss. Types should be grouped together if they have the same analysis summary.
Motivating example: Nullable Boolean
Motivating example: Nullable Integer / Float
Motivating example: Objects
How do Python, Numpy and Pandas model data?
Python
Numpy
Pandas
Pandas Dtype |
Usage |
|---|---|
object |
Text or mixed |
int |
Integer |
float |
Floating point number |
complex |
Complex numbers |
bool |
Boolean value |
datetime[ns] |
Date and time value |
timedelta[ns] |
Difference between two datetimes |
category |
Categorical values |
Int |
Nullable integers |
Unifying, what do we need?
Custom dtypes.
References
We note that many of the problems visions
attempts to solve, are discussed in the design documents for pandas 2.0 (2015-2016).


| Total net profit | -10.0 | Gross profit | 45.48 | Gross loss | -55.48 |
| Profit factor | 0.82 | Expected payoff | -0.04 | ||
| Absolute drawdown | -11.23 | Maximal drawdown (%) | 11.71 (2439.58%) | ||
| Total trades | 244 | Profit trades (% of total) | 120 (49.18%) | Loss trades (% of total) | 124 (50.82%) |
| Long positions (won %) | 117 (49.57%) | Short positions (won %) | 127 (48.82%) | ||
| Largest | profit trade | 1.79 | loss trade | -0.97 | |
| Average | profit trade | 0.38 | loss trade | -0.45 | |
| Minimum | profit trade | 0.0 | loss trade | -0.02 | |
| Maximum | take profit in pips | 0.0 | stop loss in pips | 0.0 | |
| Average | take profit in pips | 0.0 | stop loss in pips | 0.0 | |
| Minimum | take profit in pips | 0.0 | stop loss in pips | 0.0 | |
| Maximum | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 5628 | |
| Average | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 657.9 | |
| Minimum | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 0 | |
| Maximum | consecutive wins (profit in money) | 13.0 (5.11) | consecutive losses (loss in money) | 14.0 (-7.52) | |
| Average | consecutive wins | 3.0 | consecutive losses | 3.0 |
| Total net profit | -0.93 | Gross profit | 26.21 | Gross loss | -27.14 |
| Profit factor | 0.97 | Expected payoff | -0.01 | ||
| Absolute drawdown | -7.56 | Maximal drawdown (%) | 13.42 (229.01%) | ||
| Total trades | 117 | Profit trades (% of total) | 58 (49.57%) | Loss trades (% of total) | 59 (52.14%) |
| Largest | profit trade | 1.57 | loss trade | -0.92 | |
| Average | profit trade | 0.45 | loss trade | -0.46 | |
| Minimum | profit trade | 0.0 | loss trade | -0.02 | |
| Maximum | take profit in pips | 0.0 | stop loss in pips | 0.0 | |
| Average | take profit in pips | 0.0 | stop loss in pips | 0.0 | |
| Minimum | take profit in pips | 0.0 | stop loss in pips | 0.0 | |
| Maximum | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 5628.0 | |
| Average | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 853.9 | |
| Minimum | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 0.0 | |
| Maximum | consecutive wins (profit in money) | 13.0 (5.34) | consecutive losses (loss in money) | 13.0 (-5.88) | |
| Average | consecutive wins | 3.0 | consecutive losses | 3.0 |
| Total net profit | -9.07 | Gross profit | 19.27 | Gross loss | -28.34 |
| Profit factor | 0.68 | Expected payoff | -0.07 | ||
| Absolute drawdown | -9.07 | Maximal drawdown (%) | 8.79 (-3139.29%) | ||
| Total trades | 127 | Profit trades (% of total) | 62 (48.82%) | Loss trades (% of total) | 65 (51.18%) |
| Largest | profit trade | 1.79 | loss trade | -0.97 | |
| Average | profit trade | 0.31 | loss trade | -0.44 | |
| Minimum | profit trade | 0.0 | loss trade | -0.02 | |
| Maximum | take profit in pips | 0.0 | stop loss in pips | 0.0 | |
| Average | take profit in pips | 0.0 | stop loss in pips | 0.0 | |
| Minimum | take profit in pips | 0.0 | stop loss in pips | 0.0 | |
| Maximum | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 3854.0 | |
| Average | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 477.3 | |
| Minimum | Reward-Risk | Duration in minutes | 0.0 | ||
| Maximum | consecutive wins (profit in money) | 6.0 (1.09) | consecutive losses (loss in money) | 11.0 (-5.67) | |
| Average | consecutive wins | 3.0 | consecutive losses | 3.0 |


4 Chapter 3 - Common Families of Distributions
4.1 9/21/2016
A single distribution is completely specified (e.g. Gamma(3,2)).
A family of distributions is defined by a functional form and parameter space containing more than 1 element (e.g. Uniform(\(a\),\(b\)); \(\Theta = \{(a,b) : a,b, \in \mathbb{R}\})\)
4.1.1 Discrete Uniform \((N)\)
\[P(X = x) = \frac{1}{N}; x \in \{1,2,3,...\}\]
 Let \(T_n\) be the number of red balls sampled. \[ \begin{aligned} T_n &= \mbox{Hypergeometric}(R,W,n) \\ P(T_n = k) &= \frac{{R \choose k}{W \choose n-k}}{{R + W \choose n}}; k \in \{ \max(0, n-W), ..., \min(R,n)\} \end{aligned} \] Note that if we see \(T_n = X_1 + ... + X_n\), the \(X_i\) are not independent. \[ \begin{aligned} E[T_n] &= E[\sum X_i] = \frac{nR}{R+W} \\ V[T_n] &= np(1-p)\left(1 - \frac{n-1}{R+W-1}\right) \end{aligned} \] In the variance, \(np(1-p)\) is the binomial variance while \(\left(1 - \frac{n-1}{R+W-1}\right)\) is the finite sample correction.
Last Christmas, the kitchen had 10 white lights and the living room had 20 colored lights 5 of the 30 failed. What is the probability exactly 3 were colored?
Urn1:
\[P(T_5 = 3) = \frac{{20 \choose 3} {10 \choose 2}}{{30 \choose 5}} \]
This is a Hypergeometric(20,10,5) distribution and we’re sampling the failed lights.
Urn2:
\[ P(T_{20} = 3) = \frac{{5 \choose 3} {25 \choose 17}}{{30 \choose 20}}\]
This is a Hypergeometric(5,25,20) distribution and we’re sampling the white lights.
4.2 9/26/2016
Let \(X_1, ... \stackrel{iid}{\sim}\) Bernoulli(\(p\)).
Fix \(n \in \mathbb{N}\), \[ T_n = X_1 + X_2 + ... + X_n \sim \mbox{Binomial}(n,p) \] Fix \(r \in \mathbb{N}\),
$W_r = $ number of trials til \(r\) successes \[ W_r \sim \mbox{NegativeBinomial}(r,p) \] Fix \(i \in \mathbb{N}\), \[ Y_i = W_i - W_{i-1} \sim \mbox{Geometric}(p) \]
4.2.1 Binomial\((n,p)\)
\[ P(T_n = k) = {n \choose k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k} \] Note that since the \(X_i\) are independent, calculate the expected value and variance using the sum of the \(X_i\). \[ \begin{aligned} E[T_n] &= np \\ V[T_n] &= np(1-p) \end{aligned} \]
If \(T_m \sim\) Binom(\(m,p\)) and \(T_n \sim\) Binom(\(n,p\)) and \(T_m \perp T_n\) then,
\[ T_m + T_n \sim \mbox{Binom}(m+n,p)\]
4.2.2 Geometric(\(p\))
Consider a typical interarrival time, \(Y = Y_1\).
The event that \([Y = k]\) occurs if and only if the first success follows \(k-1\) failures. \[ P(Y = k) = (1-p)^{k-1}p; \qquad k = 0,1,... \]
Tail Probability
\[ \begin{aligned} P(Y > k) &= \sum_{i = k+1}^\infty (1-p)^{k-1}p \qquad j = i - (k+1) \\ &= \sum_{j=0}^\infty (1-p)^{j+k}p \\ &= (1-p)^k\sum_{j=0}^\infty (1-p)^jp \\ &= (1-p)^k \frac{p}{1-(1-p)} \\ &= (1-p)^k; \qquad k = 0,1,... \end{aligned} \]
Thus, we have
\[ F_Y(y) = 1 - (1-p)^y \]
\(Y_1, Y_2,...\) are iid Geometric(\(p\)) random variables.
If \(Y \sim\) Geometric(\(p\)) then \(Y\) has the lack of memory property.
\[ P(Y > k +i | Y > k) = P(Y = i) \] for \(i \geq 1\) and fixed \(k \geq 1\).
Proof:
Fix \(k \in \mathbb{N}\) and \(i \in \mathbb{N}\), then we have
\[ \begin{aligned} P(Y > k +i | Y > k) &= \frac{P(Y > k + i \cap Y > k)}{P(Y > k)} \\ &= \frac{P(Y > k+i)}{P(Y > k)} \\ &= \frac{(1-p)^{k+i}}{(1-p)^{k}} \\ &= (1-p)^i \\ &= P(Y > i) \end{aligned} \]
For the geometric distribution, we have, \[ \begin{aligned} E[Y] &= \frac{1}{p} \\ V[Y] &= \frac{1-p}{p^2} \end{aligned} \]
TODO: ADD PROOF & THEOREM FORMATING
4.2.3 Negative Binomial (NegBi(\(r,p\)))
Let \(W_r\) be the number of Bernoulli\((p)\) trials until \(r\) successes. Note that \([W_r = k] = [\sum_{i=1}^n Y_i = k] = [T_{k-1} = r-1 \cap X_k = 1]\) all describe the same event. \[ P(W_r = k) = {k-1 \choose r-1}p^r(1-p)^{k-r}; \qquad k = r, r+1, ... \]
Event Identity
The event \([W_r > n]\) is equivalent to the event \([T_n < r]\) and thus any calculation involving \(W_r\) can be replaced by a calculation involving \(T_n\)
Using the fact the relationship between the negative binomial and the geometric distribution, we have
\[ \begin{aligned} E[W_r] &= \frac{r}{p} \\ V[W_r] &= \frac{r(1-p)}{p^2} \end{aligned} \]
Suppose \(W_r \sim\) NegBi(\(r,p\)) and \(W_s \sim\) NegBi(\(s,p\)) and \(W_r \perp W_s\). Then we have,
\[ W_r + W_s \sim \mbox{NegBi}(r+s,p) \]
4.3 9/28/16
Conditional Randomness
Let \(X_1, ..., X_n\) denote a sequence of 0’s and 1’s.
\[ \begin{aligned} P(X_1 = x_1, ..., X_n = x_n | X_1 + ... + X_n = T_n = m) &= \frac{\prod_{i = 1}^n p^{x_i}(1-p)^{1-x_i}}{{n \choose m} p^m(1-p)^{n-m}} \\ &= \frac{p^{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}(1-p)^{n - \sum_{i=1}^n x_i}}{{n \choose m} p^m(1-p)^{n-m}} \\ &= \frac{p^{m}(1-p)^{n - m}}{{n \choose m} p^m(1-p)^{n-m}} \\ &= \frac{1}{{n \choose m}} \end{aligned} \]
Thus, given that the sum of \(n\) bernoullis is \(m\) then, each permutation of success and failures is equally likely.
Let \(k < n\), now given that \(T_n = m\), we have
\[ \begin{aligned} P(T_k = i | T_n = m) &= \frac{P(T_k = i) P(T_{(k+1):n} = m-i)}{P(T_n = m)} \\ &= \frac{{k \choose i}p^i(1-p)^{k-i}{n-k \choose m-i}p^{m-i}(1-p)^{n-k-m+i}}{{n \choose m}p^m(1-p)^{n-m}} \\ &= \frac{{k \choose i}{n-k \choose m-i}p^{m}(1-p)^{n-m}}{{n \choose m}p^m(1-p)^{n-m}} \\ &= \frac{{k \choose i}{n-k \choose m-i}}{{n \choose m}} \end{aligned} \]
TODO: Add a bunch of examples for BP and introductory examples to PP
4.4 10/3/16
4.4.1 Poisson(\(\lambda\))
\[ P(T = k) = e^{-\lambda}\frac{\lambda^k}{k!}; \qquad k = 0,1,... \]
If \(T \sim\) Poisson(\(\lambda\)) then,
\[ \begin{aligned} E[T] = \lambda \\ V[T] = \lambda \end{aligned} \]
TODO: ADD PROOF
If \(T \sim\) Poisson(\(\lambda\)) and \(S \sim\) Poisson(\(\phi\)) and \(T \perp S\) then,
\[ T + S \sim \mbox{Poisson}(\lambda + \phi) \]
TODO: ADD PROOF
4.4.2 Poisson Process (\(N_t\))
Recall the experiment with U238:
- \(N_t\) = count of particles by time \(t\)
- \(\nu\) = mean # of counts per unit time (intensity or rate)
- \(\nu t\) = mean # of counts in \(t\) time
Thus, \(N_t \sim\) Poisson(\(\nu t\)). We denote the process as \(\{N_t:t \geq 0\}\) and \(N_0 = 0\).
If we fix \(r \in \mathbb{N}\),
\(W_r\) = time at which the \(r\)th count is registered (the \(r\)th waiting time).
\(W_r \sim\) Gamma(\(r\), rate = \(\nu\))
If we fix \(i \in \mathbb{N}\), \(Y_i = W_i - W_{i-1}\) (time from the \(i-1\)th count to the \(i\)th count)
\(Y_i \sim\) Exponential(rate = \(\nu\))
We call \(\{N_t : t \geq 0\}\) a Poisson Process if,
- N_0 = 0
- If \(s < t\), \(N_s \perp N_t - N_s\)
- \(N_{s+t} - N_t\) and \(N_s\) are identically distributed
- \(\lim_{t \to 0} \frac{P(N_t = 1)}{t} = \nu\)
- \(\lim_{t \to 0} \frac{P(N_t > 1)}{t} = 0\)
4.4.3 Exponential(rate = \(\nu\)) (mean = \(1/\nu = \theta\))
The event \([Y_1 > t]\) is equivalent to the event \([N_t = 0]\) and so we derive the pdf and cdf of the exponential distribution as follows,
\[ \begin{aligned} F_Y(y) &= P(Y \leq y) = 1 - P(Y > y) \\ &= 1 - P(N_y = 0) \\ &= 1 - \frac{e^{-\nu y}(\nu y)^0}{0!} \\ &= 1 - e^{-\nu y}; \qquad y > 0 \\ f_Y(y) &= \nu e^{-\nu y} = \frac{1}{\theta}e^{-y/\theta}; \qquad y > 0 \end{aligned} \]
Lack of memory property If \(Y \sim\) Exponential(rate = \(\nu\)), then
\[ P(Y > s + t | Y(Y > s)) = P(Y > t) \]
Proof:
\[ \begin{aligned} P(Y > s + t | P(Y > s)) &= \frac{P(Y > s+t)}{P(Y > s)} \\ &= \frac{e^{-\nu s - \nu t}}{e^{-\nu s}} \\ &= \frac{e^{-\nu s} e^{-\nu t}}{e^{-\nu s}} \\ &= e^{-\nu t} \\ &= P(Y > t) \end{aligned} \]
If \(Y \sim\) Exp(rate = \(\nu\)) then,
\[ \begin{aligned} E[Y] &= \frac{1}{\nu} = \theta \\ V[Y] &= \frac{1}{\nu^2} = \theta^2 \end{aligned} \]
Proof:TODO:PROOF
4.4.4 Gamma(\(r\), rate = \(\nu\)) (or mean = \(1/\nu = \theta\))
The event \([W_r > t]\) is equivalent to the event \([N_t < r]\).
TODO: Add derivation of pdf \[ \begin{aligned} 1 - F_{W_r}(t) &= P(N_t < r) \\ &= \sum_{j = 0}^{r-1} e^{-\nu t} \frac{(\nu t)^j}{j!} \\ f_{W_r}(t) &= \frac{\nu ^ r t^{r - 1} e^{-\nu t}}{\Gamma(r)} = \frac{t^{r-1}e^{-t/\theta}}{\theta^r \Gamma(r)} \end{aligned} \]
If \(W_r \sim\) Gamma(\(r\), rate = \(\nu\)), then \[ \begin{aligned} E[W_r] &= \frac{r}{\nu} = r\theta \\ V[W_r] &= \frac{r}{\nu^2} = r\theta^2 \end{aligned} \]
TODO: ADD PROOF
If \(W_r \sim\) Gamma(\(r\), rate = \(\nu\)) and \(W_s \sim\) Gamma(\(s\), rate = \(\nu\)) and \(W_r \perp W_s\), then
\[ W_r + W_s \sim \mbox{Gamma}(r+s, \mbox{rate} = \nu) \]
TODO: ADD PROOF
Random Location of Times of Event Occurences
Suppose \(N_t = m\), then the \(m\) event times constitute the ordered value of \(m\) independent repetitions of a Uniform(\(0,t\)) random variable.
Equivalently, suppose \(W_{m+1} = t\) then the previous waiting times, \(0 \leq W_1 \leq W_2 \leq ... \leq W_m \leq t\) are distributed as ordered values of \(m\) indepenedent repetitions of a Uniform(\(0,t\)) random variable.
TODO: ADD PROOF
Suppose \(s < t\) then,
\[ P(N_s=k | N_t = m) = {m \choose k}\left(\frac{s}{t}\right)^k \left(1-\frac{s}{t}\right)^{m-k} \]
or equivalently,
\[N_s | N_t = m \sim \mbox{Binom}(m, \frac{s}{t})\]
TODO: ADD PROOF
4.5 10/5/16
TODO: ADD A BUNCH OF PP EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
4.5.1 Chi-squared(\(p\))
Note that the \(\chi^2_p\) distiribution is simply a special case of the Gamma. Specifically, \(\chi^2_p \sim\) Gamma(\(p/2\), rate = .5).
Suppose \(X \sim \chi^2_p\), then \[ f_X(x) = \frac{.5^{p/2} x^{p/2 - 1}e^{-x/2}}{\Gamma(p/2)}; \qquad x > 0 \]
Suppose \(X \sim \chi^2_p\), then
\[ \begin{aligned} E[X] &= p \\ V[X] &= 2p \end{aligned} \]
Proof:Use the fact that it’s a special case of the gamma.
4.5.2 Normal(\(\mu,\sigma^2\))
If \(X \sim N(\mu, \sigma^2)\) and \(\mu \in \mathbb{R}\) and \(\sigma \in \mathbb{R}^+\) then,
\[ f_X(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2}}\exp\left(\frac{-1}{2}\left(\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\right)^2\right); \qquad x \in \mathbb{R} \]
If \(X \sim N(\mu, \sigma^2)\) then, \(Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}\) is distributed \(N(0,1)\) which is the standard normal distribution and has pdf, \[ f_Z(z) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\exp\left(\frac{-z^2}{2}\right) \]
Proof:
\[
\begin{aligned}
F_Z(t) &= P(Z \leq t) = P\left(\frac{X - \mu}{\sigma} \leq t\right) = P(X \leq \mu + \sigma t) \\
&= \int_{-\infty}^{\mu + \sigma t}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2}}\exp\left(\frac{-1}{2}\left(\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\right)^2\right)dx \qquad z = \frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}, dz = \frac{1}{\sigma}dx \\
&= \int_{\infty}^t \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2}}\exp\left(\frac{-z^2}{2}\right)\sigma dz \\
&= \int_{\infty}^t \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\exp\left(\frac{-z^2}{2}\right) dz \\
f_Z(t) &= \frac{d}{dt}F_Z(t) \\
&= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\exp(-t^2/2)
\end{aligned}
\]
Note now that any probability including normal random variables can be calculated in term of standard normal random variables.
Let \(X \sim N(\mu,\sigma^2)\) then, \[ \begin{aligned} E[X] &= \mu \\ V[X] &= \sigma^2 \\ \end{aligned} \]
PROOF: TODO: ADD PROOF (USE Z)
4.6 10/7/2016
4.6.1 Beta(\(\alpha, \beta\))
If \(X \sim\) Beta(\(\alpha, \beta\)) then, \[ f_X(x) = \frac{\Gamma(\alpha + \beta)}{\Gamma(\alpha)\Gamma(\beta)}x^{\alpha - 1}(1-x)^{\beta - 1} \qquad x \in (0,1); \alpha,\beta > 0 \]
If \(X \sim\) Beta(\(\alpha, \beta\)) then,
\[ \begin{aligned} E[X^n] &= \frac{B(\alpha + n, \beta)}{B(\alpha,\beta)}; \qquad B(\alpha,\beta) = \frac{\Gamma(\alpha)\Gamma(\beta)}{\Gamma(\alpha+\beta)} \\ E[X] &= \frac{\alpha}{\alpha + \beta} \\ V[X] &= \frac{\alpha\beta}{(\alpha+\beta)^2(\alpha+\beta+1)} \end{aligned} \]
PROOF:
TODO: ADD PROOF
4.6.2 Cauchy(\(\theta\))
If \(X \sim\) Cauchy(\(\theta\)), then
\[ f_X(x) = \frac{1}{\pi(1 + (x - \theta)^2)} \qquad x \in \mathbb{R} \] Note that \(\theta\) is the “center”" of the distriubtion and is symmetric about that point.
If \(X \sim\) Cauchy(\(\theta\)), then
\[ E[|X|] = \infty \]
PROOF:
TODO: ADD PROOF
4.6.3 Exponential Families
Suppose a family of distributions can be written in the format
\[ f(x) = c(\theta)h(x)\exp\left(\sum_{i=1}^k w_i(\theta)t_i(\theta)\right) \qquad (1) \]
the family \(\mathcal{F} = \{f(x | \theta) : \theta \in \Theta\}\) is called an exponential family
Family of Exponential Distributions
\[\mathcal{F} = \{f(x | \theta) = \frac{1}{\theta}e^{-x/\theta}\mathbb{1}(x > 0) : \theta \in (0,\infty)\}\]
Here, \(c(\theta) = \frac{1}{\theta}, h(x) = \mathbb{1}(x > 0), w_1(\theta) = 1/\theta, t_1(x) = -x\). Note that this is not a unique decomposition.
We have that (1) can be reexpressed in natural parameter format (cannonical form) as
\[ f(x) = \tilde{c}(\eta)h(x)\exp\left(\sum_{i=1}^k \eta_i t_i(x) \right) \qquad (2)\]
The parameter space for \(\eta\) is called the natural parameter space and is denoted \(N\). The natural parameter space is the set of all values of the vector \(\eta\) for which (2) is a density. \(N = \{n \in \mathbb{R}^k : 1/\xi(\eta) < \infty\}\) and \(N\) is a convex set.
Note: Furthermore, the function \(E[g(x)]\) can be differentiate “under the integral sign” any number of times on the interior of \(N\).
If \(N\) does not contain an open rectangle/ball in \(\mathbb{R}^k\), then \(\mathcal{F}\) is not a full exponential family.


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You should log in on the server side as well
Now you are logged in on the server as well.
You should create a tresor or go straight to decrypting


When you work with us, you are part of a team of committed collaborators.All aspects of our software development process re intergrated, interactive and agile.
Our approach unifies design, development and product management to create exceptional products.
We start each project by understanding your business goals, the user's needs and the product requirements.
Then we help translate them into effective and elegant solution.
Before we sign a contract or write a line of code our team will spend
the necessary time needed to understand your product vision.
The outcome of this scooping session is proposal or high-level
statement of work.
Based on your requirements, we can provide a complete offering or just
the pieces you need.
Our design practice offers a full range of services including brand strategy, interaction and visual design and user experience testing. Throughout your project, our designers create and implement visual design and workflows, solicit user feedback and work with you to make sure what gets built is what is needed.
All engineers are fluent in the latest enterprise, mobile and
web development technologies.
They collaborate with your team to write, and improve code on a
daily basis,
Planning and development is iterative. Because we are constantly
coding and testing the products we build are always ready to go
live.
This iterative process allows for changes as business
requirements involve.
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PROFILE
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The first chart displays S&P 500 prices from Jan 3, 2007 to Mar 25, 2019. The blue lines represent "bull" markets, whereas the red lines represent "bear markets". The market changes when prices rise above or fall below a certain threshold, usually 20%, from all-time lows and all-time highs respectively. The last 12 or so years have been defined by a sharp rise in index value, one of the strongest bull markets in history.
The three histograms below the S&P 500 represent the distribution of 'absolute' daily price changes in the index - the first over the entire range of data, the second only during bull markets, and the third only during bear markets. These help provide a picture of 'volatility' during times of boom and bust. Below, you can adjust the sensitivity of what defines a 'market change' (default 20).


We are a York based evaluation and research consultancy dedicated to helping organisations demonstrate the value of the projects and services they deliver. We carry out tailor made evaluations and applied research to support service sustainability and development.
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This section explains how you can use pgAdmin to maintain your PostgreSQL databases. pgAdmin supports database server versions 7.3 and up. Versions older than 7.3 are not supported, please use pgAdmin II for these.
The main window shows the structure of the database, and all details of the objects in it.
Use the Add server.. menu or toolbar button to add a new database connection to pgAdmin.
With Change password you can change the password of the user you're currently connected with on the selected database.
Control server allows you to control the status of database servers, start and stop them.
The Query Tool allows the execution of arbitrary sql commands.
The Debugger allows the debugging of pl/pgsql and edb-spl functions and stored procedures.
The Export Tool allows the exporting of data from the Query Tool.
The Edit Grid allows viewing and editing of data in a selected table or view.
The Maintenance tool executes the task of rebuilding statistics on databases and tables, cleans up unused data and reorganizes indexes.
The Backup tool calls the PostgreSQL dump tool to create backup files of your data.
The Restore tool calls the PostgreSQL restore tool to restore data from backup files.
The Grant Wizard allows assignment of group or user privileges on many objects at a time.
The Report Tool generates simple reports from data and objects within your databases.
The Server status window will show the currently connected users, locks, prepared transactions and the server log of the selected database server.
The Options dialogue will allow you to configure pgAdmin.
Guru Hints help you perfect your databases.
Command Line Options to start pgAdmin in the most convenient mode.
When editing the properties of a database object, pgAdmin will support you with help about the underlying PostgreSQL SQL commands, if you press the F1 function key. In order for this to work, the SQL helpsite setting in the options dialog must be set correctly.


A fansite about Barbadians who play test cricket for the West Indies cricket team.
A promotional website for an ICT firm by the name of DGtronicz®, done in a one-page layout.
An alternate promotional website for an ICT firm by the name of DGtronicz®, done in a traditional multi-page layout.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load static %} {% block content %}
The invitation ({{ hash }}) has not been found. Please contact the administrators.


Lab 04 - Create a Domain Specific Language (DSL)
Lab Goal
To create a DSL and a guided rule based on this DSL to calculate the free shipping threshold for Cool Store
Create a new Domain Specific Language
- First we will start with a Domain Specific Language (DSL)
- we will create an English DSL for our analysts
- this allows you to target the domain terms
- business users can then easily design rules
Create a new DSL
- We need to create a language for
Promotion rules
- Create a DSL that allows business to determine threshold for free shipping:
If customer spends X amount, then apply free shipping
- Go on to next slide to see how we design our DSL
Create a new DSL
- Head over to the project authoring perspective
AUTHORING -> PROJECT AUTHORING()
Create a new DSL
- Create our new DSL:
New Item -> DSL DEFINITION
RESOURCE NAME: Promotions DSL
OK
Create a new DSL
- You now have an empty text field to enter your DSL
- It is a definition divided into a WHEN and THEN section
WHEN
- here we decide what has to happen
If customer spends X
THEN
- this is the results applied if WHEN happens
apply free shipping
, which is a formula we supply
SAVE
, your DSL when finished
If you want to skip the typing, paste this instead:
[when]If customer spends ${var}=$sc : ShoppingCart( cartItemTotal >= {var} )
[then]Apply Free Shipping=$sc.setShippingPromoSavings( $sc.shippingTotal * -1 ); $sc.setShippingTotal( 0 ); update ($sc);
Create a new Guided Rule with DSL
- We next will create a rule using the DSL we created
- Create a new guided rule
NEW ITEM -> GUIDED RULE
RESOURCE NAME: Free Shipping Promotion DSL
CHECK 'Use Domain Specific Language (DSL)' BOX
OK
Create a new Guided Rule with DSL
- The guided rule editor is now before you, but empty
- Note the `+` signs on the right, it opens a list of options
- Top `+` is for the WHEN (condition) section of our rule
- pop-up shows overview of all possibilities, but we want DSL conditions
- check the `Only display DSL conditions` box
Create a new Guided Rule with DSL
- Now let us create our condition (WHEN):
Create a new Guided Rule with DSL
- Note that the added DSL line has a `VAR` field
- this marks a field where we can add a dollar value
- next we need to add an action (THEN)
- use the
+
at the THEN level of the designer to add:
Apply Free Shipping
Create a new Guided Rule with DSL
- Expand the 'show options
SAVE
and add:
check NO-LOOP box
RULEFLOW-GROUP: promo-rules
- Save the rule
Create a new Guided Rule with DSL
- Ensure your package builds:
TOOLS -> PROJECT EDITOR -> BUILD & DEPLOY
(should see green pop-up 'Build Successful')
- if ERRORS around ShoppingCart, see next slide
Create a new Guided Rule with DSL
- Errors could be due to ShoppingCart not on rule path, to add:
CONFIG tab on the bottom of rule
+NEW ITEM button at top, select ShoppingCart from Import list
- Save rule, build project, should see green pop-up
Build Successful


All the social media and social networking services can be daunting.
If you are new to social media, get on LinkedIn and then choose one more platform on which to focus. Find your voice, build your confidence, provide your unique value and engage with followers.


Connection-State is:
Realtime Datastore
Firstname
Lastname
Publish
Send test-event with
Subscribe
Received test-event with


Community & Project Info #
How do I get help from Apache Flink? #
There are many ways to get help from the Apache Flink community. The mailing lists are the primary place where all Flink committers are present. For user support and questions use the user mailing list. You can also join the community on Slack. Some committers are also monitoring Stack Overflow. Please remember to tag your questions with the apache-flink tag. Bugs and feature requests can either be discussed on the dev mailing list or on Jira. Those interested in contributing to Flink should check out the contribution guide.
Mailing Lists #
| Name | Subscribe | Digest | Unsubscribe | Post | Archive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>News and announcements from the Flink community |
Subscribe | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Read only list | Archives |
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Broader community discussions related to meetups, conferences, blog posts and job offers |
Subscribe | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Post | Archives |
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>User support and questions mailing list |
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|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>User support and questions mailing list |
Subscribe | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Post | Archives |
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Development related discussions |
Subscribe | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Post | Archives |
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Build notifications of Flink main repository |
Subscribe | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Read only list | Archives |
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Mirror of all Jira activity |
Subscribe | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Read only list | Archives |
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>All commits to our repositories |
Subscribe | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Read only list | Archives |
Please make sure you are subscribed to the mailing list you are posting to! If you are not subscribed to the mailing list, your message will either be rejected (dev@ list) or you won’t receive the response (user@ list).
How to subscribe to a mailing list #
Before you can post a message to a mailing list, you need to subscribe to the list first.
- Send an email without any contents or subject to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(replace listname with dev, user, user-zh, ..)
- Wait till you receive an email with the subject “confirm subscribe to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Reply to that email, without editing the subject or including any contents
- Wait till you receive an email with the subject “WELCOME to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If you send us an email with a code snippet, make sure that:
- you do not link to files in external services as such files can change, get deleted or the link might break and thus make an archived email thread useless
- you paste text instead of screenshots of text
- you keep formatting when pasting code in order to keep the code readable
- there are enough import statements to avoid ambiguities
Slack #
You can join the Apache Flink community on Slack. After creating an account in Slack, don’t forget to introduce yourself in #introductions. Due to Slack limitations the invite link expires after 100 invites. If it is expired, please reach out to the Dev mailing list. Any existing Slack member can also invite anyone else to join.
There are a couple of community rules:
- Be respectful - This is the most important rule!
- All important decisions and conclusions must be reflected back to the mailing lists. “If it didn’t happen on a mailing list, it didn’t happen.” - The Apache Mottos
- Use Slack threads to keep parallel conversations from overwhelming a channel.
- Please do not direct message people for troubleshooting, Jira assigning and PR review. These should be picked-up voluntarily.
Note: All messages from public channels in our Slack are permanently stored and published in the Apache Flink Slack archive on linen.dev. The purpose of this archive is to allow search engines to find past discussions in the Flink Slack.
Stack Overflow #
Committers are watching Stack Overflow for the apache-flink tag.
Make sure to tag your questions there accordingly to get answers from the Flink community.
Issue Tracker #
We use Jira to track all code related issues: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK. You must have a JIRA account in order to log cases and issues.
If you don’t have an ASF JIRA account, you can request one at the ASF Self-serve portal.
All issue activity is also mirrored to the issues mailing list.
Reporting Security Issues #
If you wish to report a security vulnerability, please contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Apache Flink follows the typical Apache vulnerability handling process for reporting vulnerabilities. Note that vulnerabilities should not be publicly disclosed until the project has responded.
Meetups #
There are plenty of meetups on meetup.com featuring Flink.
Source Code #
Main Repositories #
-
Flink Core Repository
- ASF repository: https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/flink.git
- GitHub mirror: https://github.com/apache/flink.git
-
Flink Docker Repository
- ASF repository: https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/flink-docker.git
- GitHub mirror: https://github.com/apache/flink-docker.git
-
Flink Stateful Functions Repository
- ASF repository: https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/flink-statefun.git
- GitHub mirror: https://github.com/apache/flink-statefun
-
Flink Stateful Functions Docker Repository
- ASF repository: https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/flink-statefun-docker.git
- GitHub mirror: https://github.com/apache/flink-statefun-docker
-
Flink ML Repository
- ASF repository: https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/flink-ml.git
- GitHub mirror: https://github.com/apache/flink-ml
-
Flink Kubernetes Operator Repository
- ASF repository: https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/flink-kubernetes-operator.git
- GitHub mirror: https://github.com/apache/flink-kubernetes-operator
-
Flink Table Store Repository
- ASF repository: https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/flink-table-store.git
- GitHub mirror: https://github.com/apache/flink-table-store
-
Flink Website Repository
- ASF repository: https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/flink-web.git
- GitHub mirror: https://github.com/apache/flink-web.git
Complete List of Repositories #
The complete list of repositories of Apache Flink can be found under https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf#flink.
Training #
Ververica currently maintains free Apache Flink training. Their training website has slides and exercises with solutions. The slides are also available on SlideShare.
Project Wiki #
The Apache Flink project wiki contains a range of relevant resources for Flink users. However, some content on the wiki might be out-of-date. When in doubt, please refer to the Flink documentation.
Flink Forward #
Flink Forward is a conference happening yearly in different locations around the world. Up to date information about the conference is available on Flink-Forward.org.
People #
Please find the most up-to-date list here.
Materials / Apache Flink Logos #
The materials page offers assets such as the Apache Flink logo in different image formats, or the Flink color scheme.


Emotional Intelligence
What learnings did you take from the chapter?
I think its a nice thought that emotional intelligence is learned. We may think sometimes that people are naturally more talented than us, but every body can improve their emotional intelligence.
It is easy to see how emotional intelligene can help us, not only in our journey to becoming awesome developers, but also to becoming better all round people that can relate well to other people. I'm keen to read the rest of the book.
How did you find the 2 minutes of mindfulness?
I found the 2 minutes quite relaxing. The book talks a lot about how the mind's focus can be trained like a muscle. The instruction is to focus on your breathing, and when your mind starts to wander, gently bring it back to focus. I can feel this happening over and over again, and it does feel like I'm working out my brain. This focus training also reminds you of the wonders that go on inside your mind and that it is capable of a lot of amazing things.


Google Camera 7.2 on Pixel 3/4 can scan documents, copy, and translate text
by Damien WildeGoogle Camera 7.2 on the Pixel 3 and Pixel 4 has quietly added some Lens features, including the ability to scan documents, copy text, and translate languages.
Considering just how useful Google Lens is, these new camera features will make it even easier to get powerful functions without needing to actually use the dedicated app or having to launch the Google Assistant. Lens leverages the power of Google Search and computer vision to work out and contextualize exactly what you’re pointing your camera toward (via XDA-Developers).
We’ve seen the Google Camera on existing Pixel phones include the ability to detect URLs, email addresses, and QR codes. The latest Google Camera 7.2 update will now pop up with suggestions to scan documents, copy text, and even translate foreign languages.
The small pop-up automatically appears when the camera recognizes these specific things. For instance, if you hover over a letter, then the “scan document” pop-up will appear. Tap that and it will detect the edges and allow you to refine them before converting to a more digestible flat format — you’ll even be able to share as a PDF right from within the camera app. Of course, this ties in with the “crop document” extension that is now available on Google Photos.
XDA notes that the translation feature only appears to be working in English, Spanish, German, Hindi, and Japanese at present. That isn’t the most comprehensive list, but we would expect that to increase over time. Copying text is as easy as pointing at a document or sign, and tapping to focus will bring up the option to “copy text.”
I have been able to confirm that Google Camera 7.2 on the Pixel 3 XL and Pixel 4 XL include the ability to scan documents, copy text, and translate foreign languages, all without needing to load up the standalone Google Lens app. It’s unclear if these additions are reliant on the Pixel Visual Core, or if we’ll see the functionality come to older Pixel phones, too. Triggering the translation pop-up is also a little bit tricky at times, and it only appears to work seven out of the 10 times I’ve tried so far — just something to note.
If you have a Pixel 3 or Pixel 4, let us know if you’re able to use all of the new features using the Google Camera 7.2 update down in the comments section below.
More on the Pixel 4:
- Opinion: Google should lower Pixel prices instead of kicking early buyers a month later
- Google Store taking $200 off Pixel 4 for Black Friday
- Comment: Pixel Stand feels like it was made for the Pixel 4
FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.


Olivia Juenger
05.28.20
“I always encourage students to reach out to the people in their hall and also reach out to their RA because whether you’re a freshman or not, you can experience homesickness. So being able to talk to someone about it is a great way to make you feel less alone.”Megan Rose, a rising junior studying integrated social studies education
Despite the excitement that going to college can bring, transitioning to a new environment and lifestyle can be daunting. Luckily, Ohio University students and faculty offer a plethora of opportunities and advice for incoming freshmen to reduce their feelings of loneliness and increase their sense of comfort.
Brittney Burchett, a rising junior studying psychology pre-law, is the president and co-founder of Live Positive, a student organization that highlights positivity amidst the stress of college. While the organization is open to everyone, Burchett elaborated on how it specifically benefits incoming freshmen.
“Live Positive really tries to gear towards freshman as a safe place for people to hang out because we know how stressful it can be, so we strive to bring more positivity to their lifestyle,” Burchett said. “The purpose is to take a break from your busy schedules and focus on yourself.”
Jeffrey Anzo, a rising graduate student, is the president and founder of The Self Discovery Club. This club works to aid students who feel lost in college and guide them toward their true interests. Anzo emphasized the significance of the club to freshmen in particular.
“It’s become mainly designed for freshmen despite being open to everyone,” Anzo said. “It’s turned into a place for them to come to for weekly workshops that give them tools that they perhaps weren’t getting other places on campus and showing them how to love themselves and how to tap into what they actually want to do.”
Whether it's Live Positive or The Self Discovery Club, many individuals at OU heavily highlight to incoming freshmen the importance of joining an organization and how it can contribute to improved feelings of adjustment.
Char Kopchick, the assistant dean of students for campus involvement, described the inclusion of diverse student organizations to properly represent and suit each new year of students.
“There’s a reason we have over 600 student organizations,” Kopchick said. “It’s because we want students to find individuals who have similar interests so they feel that connectedness and they can see themselves as part of the university.”
Kopchick believes that getting involved in organizations will be a major asset to students, and will be the driving force of their fond memories of OU.
“When you graduate and you’re out of school five years and you close your eyes, and you think back to Ohio University, you’re not going to be thinking about sitting in a classroom,” Kopchick said. “You’re gonna be thinking about all of the individuals and experiences you had and the connections you made because of your involvement.”
While there are a variety of opportunities on campus, Anzo expressed that this can sometimes be overwhelming. However, he assured that any setbacks only help students to discover the best fit for them.
Aside from student organizations, there are many other areas at OU that assist in getting freshmen better acquainted. Megan Rose, a rising junior studying integrated social studies education, advised incoming freshmen to seek out learning communities during their first year.
“Joining a learning community is huge,” Rose said. “98% of freshmen join a learning community. I always talk about the stress of walking into a class and trying to find people to sit with. When you join a learning community, you always have those 20 people that you can sit with.”
While finding ways to socialize can decrease feelings of isolation, many students still experience homesickness while on campus. Rose, who is a tour guide and a resident assistant, explained the benefits of communicating to your peers.
“I always encourage students to reach out to the people in their hall and also reach out to their RA because whether you’re a freshman or not, you can experience homesickness,” Rose said. “So being able to talk to someone about it is a great way to make you feel less alone.”
Burchett, who is also a tour guide, emphasized that the city of Athens offers a sense of comfort that freshmen can experience as soon as they set foot onto campus.
“It’s a good feeling when you get on campus,” Burchett said. “Immediately the area felt like home to me and it’s just the atmosphere and the environment that helps you to know that it’s a right fit for you.”
While starting college can be a scary time for freshmen, Kopchick assured that students and faculty work extremely hard to make OU feel like a second home.
“Ohio University, I always say, is a university with open arms,” Kopchick said. “We are here to embrace everybody and that’s what makes us such a great bobcat family.”
Back


Example usage¶
Below are some examples of modules.
Bert and Scibert Vectorisers¶
This vectoriser uses excellent hugging face transformers embeddings. In order to transform text:
from wellcomeml.ml import BertVectorizer
X = [
"Malaria is a disease that kills people",
"Heart problems comes first in the global burden of disease",
"Wellcome also funds policy and culture research"
]
vectorizer = BertVectorizer()
X_transformed = vectorizer.fit_transform(X)
print(cosine_similarity(X_transformed))
The BertVectorizer
admits an initialisation parameter pretrained, which
can be switched to scibert, maintaining the code structure but switching the enmbedding
Bert and Scibert Classifiers¶
The same way as the bert vectorisers, one can use a wrapper to train a text classifier using bert or scibert as base,
using a BertClassifier
import numpy as np
from wellcomeml.ml import BertClassifier
X = ["Hot and cold", "Hot", "Cold"]
Y = np.array([[1,1],[1,0],[0,1]])
bert = BertClassifier()
bert.fit(X, Y)
print(bert.score(X, Y))
Train a Spacy NER model¶
Retrain a spaCy NER classifier on new data using SpacyNER
.
import random
from wellcomeml.ml import SpacyNER
X_train = [
"n Journal of Psychiatry 158: 2071–4\nFreeman MP, Hibbeln JR, Wisner KL et al. (2006)\n",
"rd, (BKKBN)\n \nJakarta, Indonesia\n29. Drs Titut Prihyugiarto\n MSPA\n \n",
"a Santé, 2008. \n118. Konradsen, F. et coll. Community uptake of safe ",
]
y_train = [
[
{"start": 36, "end": 46, "label": "PERSON"},
{"start": 48, "end": 58, "label": "PERSON"},
{"start": 61, "end": 69, "label": "PERSON"},
],
[
{"start": 41, "end": 59, "label": "PERSON"}
],
[
{"start": 21, "end": 34, "label": "PERSON"}
],
]
person_tag_name = "PERSON"
spacy_ner = SpacyNER(n_iter=3, dropout=0.2, output=True)
spacy_ner.load("en_core_web_sm")
nlp = spacy_ner.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Predict the entities in a piece of text
text = (
"\nKhumalo, Lungile, National Department of Health \n• \nKistnasamy, "
"Dr Barry, National Department of He"
)
predictions = spacy_ner.predict(text)
print(
[
text[entity["start"]:entity["end"]]
for entity in predictions
if entity["label"] == person_tag_name
]
)
# Evaluate the performance of the model on the training data
y_pred = [spacy_ner.predict(text) for text in X_train]
print(spacy_ner.score(y_train, y_pred, tags=[person_tag_name]))
Entity Linking¶
Link sentences to the most similar document in a corpus using SimilarityEntityLinker
.
from wellcomeml.ml import SimilarityEntityLinker
entities_kb = {
"Michelle Williams (actor)": (
"American actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including two Golden Globe"
" Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award, in addition to nominations for four Academy Awards "
"and one Tony Award."
),
"Michelle Williams (musician)": (
"American entertainer. She rose to fame in the 2000s as a member of R&B girl group "
"Destiny's Child, one of the best-selling female groups of all time with over 60 "
"million records, of which more than 35 million copies sold with the trio lineup "
"with Williams."
),
"id_3": " ",
}
stopwords = ["the", "and", "if", "in", "a"]
train_data = [
(
(
"After Destiny's Child's disbanded in 2006, Michelle Williams released her first "
"pop album, Unexpected (2008),"
),
{"id": "Michelle Williams (musician)"},
),
(
(
"On Broadway, Michelle Williams starred in revivals of the musical Cabaret in 2014 "
"and the drama Blackbird in 2016, for which she received a nomination for the Tony "
"Award for Best Actress in a Play."
),
{"id": "Michelle Williams (actor)"},
),
(
"Franklin would have ideally been awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry",
{"id": "No ID"},
),
]
entity_linker = SimilarityEntityLinker(stopwords=stopwords, embedding="tf-idf")
entity_linker.fit(entities_kb)
tfidf_predictions = entity_linker.predict(
train_data, similarity_threshold=0.1, no_id_col="No ID"
)
entity_linker = SimilarityEntityLinker(stopwords=stopwords, embedding="bert")
entity_linker.fit(entities_kb)
bert_predictions = entity_linker.predict(
train_data, similarity_threshold=0.1, no_id_col="No ID"
)
print("TF-IDF Predictions:")
for i, (sentence, _) in enumerate(train_data):
print(sentence)
print(tfidf_predictions[i])
print("BERT Predictions:")
for i, (sentence, _) in enumerate(train_data):
print(sentence)
print(bert_predictions[i])
Semantic Similarity Classifier¶
A classifier to learn semantic similarity between pairs of texts (e.g. grants and publications). For text-only similarity, use SimilarityEntityLinker
.
import os
import pandas as pd
from wellcomeml.ml.bert_semantic_equivalence import SemanticEquivalenceClassifier
data_file_path = os.path.join(
"examples/data/text_similarity_sample_100_pairs.csv" # Uses data in examples/data/
)
# Reads sample data and formats it
df = pd.read_csv(data_file_path)
X = df[["text_1", "text_2"]].values.tolist()
y = df["label"].values
# Define the classifier and fits for 1 epoch
classifier = SemanticEquivalenceClassifier(
pretrained="scibert", batch_size=8, eval_batch_size=16
)
classifier.fit(X, y, epochs=1)
test_pair = (
"the FCC will not request personal identifying information ",
"personal information will not be requested by the FCC",
)
score_related = classifier.predict_proba([test_pair])
print(f"Sentences are probably related with score {score_related[0][1]}.")


|
iota
1.0.0
Flexible, pipeline-based input handling.
|
Poll inputs and listen for changes. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| def | on (input_callback, event_name, pipeline, callback, taplength=150) |
| Add an input to the poller. More... | |
| def | tick () |
| Poll all the inputs. More... | |
Poll inputs and listen for changes.
This class will poll inputs and listen for changes, and then run pipelines and callbacks once a change is detected. This class is also responsible for detecting and recognizing different, more high-level types of inputs, which are defined in the Events
class.
| def iota.Poller.on | ( | input_callback, | |
| event_name, | |||
| pipeline, | |||
| callback, | |||
taplength = 150 |
|||
| ) |
Add an input to the poller.
When the poller recognizes the event, it will pass the input through the pipeline and call the callback with the resulting value.
| input_callback | The callback for getting the input. This can be a function that returns wpilib.Joystick.getRawAxis(x) , for example. |
| event_name | An Events enum value describing what to listen for. |
| pipeline | The pipeline. This is passed directly into a Pipeline constructor. Thus, this value can be of any type supported by the Pipeline.add() function. |
| taplength | Define how long, in milliseconds, a tap is. This is by default 150ms. You can also set taplength to 0ms to make the poller call Events.PRESSED immediately, if you really don't care for the distinction between tapping and pressing. |
| def iota.Poller.tick | ( | ) |
Poll all the inputs.
This function probably shouldn't be called anywhere besides in a specialized Command class that is run over and over again by the main Robot class. However, it should be called often, as much of the functionality depends on millisecond speeds to measure and detect high-level input patterns. TODO: Perhaps consider polling and executing pipelines asynchronously. This isn't implemented yet because it might not be necessary (I doubt it will be), and it might not even be a performance boost depending on the roborio hardware.


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