Inspired by the actual design of tower crane and modelled on similar lines, this competition combines
the intricacies of structural design
along with the complex science of construction.In this competition, the participants are required to
build a tower crane which supports two counter
balancing loads at different ends of the cantilever in accordance with the design constraints.An
optimised 3-dimensional truss has to be constructed
which can sustain extensive moments and loads, thus taking the concept of making planar structures to a
higher level.
Participants have to prepare the models at home, so certificates will be awarded to all participants.
Each team should consist of three or less than three members,preferably from the same
institute.Each member is required to have a student ID
of their respective Institute
Make a tower crane,the structure must be made only from popsicle sticks and adhesive,which consist of a vertical mast and a lever-arm to support loads.
The crane(point of loading) must be able to reach a height of 600mm and have a range of 600mm - error of 10% allowable.
The main mast starting from base should be vertical.
The base and vertical mast should be within an area of 200X200 mm at any cross-section.
The lever arm should have an area less than 200X200 mm at any cross-section.
The base must have extension of 3-4 cm at the base on both sides along the lever-arm direction, to hold the structure to the ground.
The height of the mast can be anything but the angle of the lever arm with the horizontal must be below 22.5 degree -Clockwise/Anticlockwise.
Hooks must be provided at the ends of the lever arm to support the load where the structure would be loaded and counter-loaded.
For counter balancing load, loading pan and weight will be provided at the
competition.Participants will be allowed to increase counter balance load on the loading
pan only three times after the commencement of loading.
Hook on the counter balancing side must be atleast 20 cm apart from the main structure.
The structure should be a truss and not a beam.
Over-lap Criteria-Not more than two sticks must have a complete side-side overlap.
Joint Criteria
-Overlap of two members at a joint must not be greater than 20mm on either side.
No lateral supports in the form of struts should be present.
Critical point exemption-Base and hook regions are exempted from over-lap criteria i.e,
any number of sticks can be overlapped over each other.
For the hook region only a length of 5 cm along the lever arm is exempted.Base region is
exempted only up to a height of 4cm from the bottom.
Failing to abide by above terms will lead to intermediate disqualification.
The Tower crane must be constructed only form popsicle sticks(120mm X 12mm X 2mm) and
adhesives.(Synthetic white adhesive or single component
cyano-acrylate adhesive).
No other materials may be used.The tower crane should not be stained,painted or coated in any fashion with any foreign substance.
The popsicle sticks may be cut or trimmed to any shape or size.
The adhesive can only be used to join popsicle sticks together; however adhesives cannot be applied on the free surface of the member sticks to increase its strength.
The scoring will depend on:
Self-weight:Mean and standard deviation of all the entries will be found and M-factor
will be calculated by using the following formula:
M=(self-weight - mean of self-weight of all entries)/Std. of maximum load of all entries.
Loading:The maximum load of all the entries will be found and K-factor will be calculated
by using the following formula:
K=(maximum load - mean of maximum load of all entries)/Std. of maximum load of all entries.
The final score will be given by 8*k factor - 2*M factor.


Defines the Solver calculation type.
int jmpSetSolverCalculationType (int typeFlag);
typeFlag [input]
Integer that specifies the type of calculation to perform when running the Solver. This parameter can take one of the following values:
JMP_SOLVER_CALCULATION_TEMPERATURE_STEPPING |
To perform a multiphase equilibrium calculation at fixed composition and varying the temperature at a given step. |
JMP_SOLVER_CALCULATION_CONCENTRATION_STEPPING |
To perform a multiphase equilibrium calculation at fixed temperature and variable composition. The concentration of a chosen element is varied at a given step and balanced against one or all of the remaining elements in the alloy. |
JMP_SOLVER_CALCULATION_SINGLE_POINT |
To perform a multiphase equilibrium calculation at fixed temperature and composition. |
JMP_SOLVER_CALCULATION_SINGLE_PHASE |
To perform an equilibrium calculation for a single phase. It may be set up for one or multiple temperature-composition points. |
JMP_SOLVER_CALCULATION_MULTIPLE_POINTS |
To perform a multiphase equilibrium calculation for a set of arbitrary temperatures and compositions. |
JMP_SOLVER_CALCULATION_EXTENDED_STEPPING |
To extend the calculation of thermodynamic properties below a heat treatment temperature. First, equilibrium stepping at a given composition is performed until reaching the heat treatment temperature. Then, the phase structure is kept frozen and thermodynamic properties are calculated down to room temperature. |
JMP_SOLVER_CALCULATION_SCHEIL_GULLIVER |
To perform a nonequilibrium Scheil-Gulliver calculation. |
JMP_SOLVER_CALCULATION_T0_ENERGY_CHANGE |
To perform a calculation that finds the temperature T0, at which the Gibbs energy of two phases with identical composition is the same. |
JMP_SOLVER_CALCULATION_GIBBS_ENERGY_DIFFERENCE |
To calculate the Gibbs energy difference between two phases with identical composition in a given temperature range. |
JMP_STATUS_OK |
Request has been successfully completed. |
JMP_STATUS_ERROR |
An error has occurred. |
| Headers | jmpcore.h jmpsolver.h |
| Library | jmpsolver.lib /jmpsolver_x64.lib |
| DLL | jmpsolver.dll /jmpsolver_x64.dll |


If you find a bug in the code examples or a mistake in documentation, I would really appreciate if you could submit an issue on Github.
You can request a new tutorial by sending me an email or opening a new issue on GitHub. I will to add it based on my availability schedule.
| {{ user.login }} | {{ user.contributions }} commits |


{% trans "We couldn't check that all files were JSON or of the OCDS type requested." %}
{% trans "You can add more files or remove them, then click on Start again." %}
{% trans "Files with validation issues will be ignored by default." %}
{% trans "An error has occurred!" %}
{% trans "Please verify that all your files are valid OCDS JSON, and try again in a few minutes." %}
{% block info %}{% endblock %}
{% trans "Processing operation. Please don't refresh nor close the browser window!" %}
{% endblock body %}
{% block scripts %}
{% include "jquery-file-upload/upload.html"%}
{% include "jquery-file-upload/download.html"%}
{% endblock scripts %}


Puzzle
Manage
Whatever
Handle Weight
Wanted Weight
solve
15
clear
Add Weight
add
retrieve
store
bla3


{% include "Core/header.html" %}
{% load static %}
close
{% include "Core/navigation-bar.html" %}
{% include "Scheduler/change-date-modal.html" %}
{% include "Scheduler/shuffle-modal.html" %}
{% include "Core/feedback-modal.html" %}
{% include "Scheduler/edit-cell-modal.html" %}
{% include "MyRoster/myroster-modal.html" %}


Complete the rest of the function so that it: - Loops through either objects or arrays - on each item it'll call a function
_.each = function(list, callback) { ... } var suspects = ['Miss Scarlet', 'Colonel Mustard', 'Mr. White'];


@Master['Master.html'] @Section['Content'] Families @Each.Model @Current.Name @EndEach @EndSection
@Current.Name


| transmission {hte} | R Documentation |
Model under which the force of infection in each unit is proportional to the prevalence of infection in that unit.
trans_homog_filter(params, data, tol = 1e-04, maxit = 10)
trans_homog_objfun(params, data, est = character(0), tol = 1e-04, maxit = 10)
trans_unit_spec_filter(params, data, tol = 1e-04, maxit = 10)
trans_unit_spec_objfun(
params,
data,
est = character(0),
tol = 1e-04,
maxit = 10
)
params |
named vector of parameters |
data |
patient movement, isolation, and testing data |
tol |
positive scalar; convergence tolerance (mean difference). |
maxit |
scalar integer; maximum number of fixed-point iterations.
If |
est |
names of parameters to estimate |
The basic transmission model assumes that the force of infection on an unisolated patient is
\lambda=b(P_u+aP_i)+\iota,
where P_u
, P_i
are the prevalences among unisolated
and isolated patients, respectively and \iota
represents
the risk of acquisition unrelated to local prevalence.
On an isolated patient, this force of infection is reduced by the factor
isol_factor
.
Parameters in the model include:
transmission rate. In the homogeneous model, this is constant across units in the hospital; in the unit-specific model, there is one value of b
for each unit.
force of colonization outside the hospital
baseline force of colonization
recovery rate
false positive and negative probabilities
probability of infection on admission
multiplicative effect of contact isolation on transmissibility
multiplicative effect of contact isolation on susceptibility
trans_homog_filter
runs a fixed-point Bernoulli filter
for the transmission model with global b and gamma.
trans_homog_objfun
is a stateful objective
function for the transmission model with global b and gamma.
trans_unit_spec_filter
runs a fixed-point Bernoulli filter
for the transmission model with unit-specific b.
trans_unit_spec_objfun
is a stateful objective function
for the transmission model with unit-specific transmission rates,
an out-of-hospital force of infection parameter,
and recovery rates that can be different inside and outside of hospital.
More on stateful objective functions:
independent
,
stobfun()
library(tidyverse)
library(hte)
set.seed(339613584)
fake_data |>
## filter out tests prior to day 250
filter(
event!="test" | time < 250,
time < 1000
) |>
select(-infected) |>
arrange(patient,time) -> dat
trans_homog_objfun(
params=c(
a=1,b=0.1,gamma=0.01,p0=0.1,lambda.out=0.01,
iota=0,isol_factor=0.2,alpha=0.02,beta=0.1
),
est=c("a","b"),
data=dat
) -> f
f(log(c(0.05,0.4)))
coef(f)
optim(
par=log(c(0.5,0.4)),
fn=f,
control=list(reltol=1e-2)
) -> out
f(out$par)
coef(f)
trans_homog_filter(params=coef(f),data=dat) -> ff
ff |> filter(logLik!=0)
trans_unit_spec_objfun(
params=c(
a=1,
b.A=0.1,b.B=0.1,b.C=0.1,b.D=0.1,b.E=0.1,
gamma=0.01,p0=0.1,
lambda.out=0.1,
iota=0,
isol_factor=0.2,
alpha=0.02,beta=0.1
),
data=dat
) -> f
f()
coef(f)


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Evening Reading - November 15, 2019
It's time for your Friday Edition of ER. Get in the pool!
by Asif KhanHey Shacknews, it's time for your Friday Edition of Evening Reading. Let's officially close out our day of posting. Please take a look.
I like fried chicken
We could use more people like this hero on Earth.
Tesla Cybertruck Hype Train
Tesla will unveil their Cybertruck electric pickup truck next week in Los Angeles.
Magic Leap CFO Scott Henry and SVP John Gaeta leave the company
Things are probably not going too great over at the AR HMD startup company.
Browns DE Myles Garrett suspended indefinitely
I have been pretty bummed out about this all day. I am sure Myles will regret his actions for the rest of his life, and it is really weird to see O.J. Simpson weighing in on things via Twitter.
In case you missed it at Shacknews:
- Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order review - Between light and dark
- Shack Chat: What's your favorite Star Wars game?
- Grounded first-look preview: Ants, man, and the wasps
- Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order voice actors and cast
- Layton's Mystery Journey: Katrielle and the Millionaires' Conspiracy review
- How to get a Fishing Rod in Red Dead Online
There you have it, Shacknews. Your Evening Reading for November 15, 2019. Please consider subscribing to Shacknews Mercury to support our site for as little as $1/month. Here is a picture of Lola to brighten your day.
What are you up to this weekend? Let us know in the Shacknews Chatty comment thread below.


Nagios Core Administration Cookbook
ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>566
ISBN-10:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Author: Tom Ryder
Edition: Revised ed.
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Packt Publishing
Published: January 2013
List Price: $49.99
Best Rental Prices |
||||
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| #1 |
+5.99 shipping Ready to ship |
Notes |
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Free shipping Ready to ship |
Notes |


Pizza Today
Our pizza pays homage to old world Vera Pizza Napolitano traditions, but is a contemporary take on the style. The pizza arrives still steaming from our Stefano Ferrara wood burning oven. The crust is thin, with a blistered cornicione—the raised rim of the pizza that’s the outer crust of the pizza — about an inch thick. It is neither thin and crispy nor thick and soft but chewy and crisp all at once. Because it is handcrafted, no two are exactly alike. The toppings are fresh and natural with each ingredient tasting very much like what it is. Our pizza strikes a careful balance among crust, sauce, and cheese with not too much of any one component.


| Client's Name / Relationship | Gabrielle Olivera / Friend |
|---|---|
| Business Website Name | Olive's Books |
| Is this a redesign or brand new website? | Brand New Website |
| Type of Website | Identity, Informational, Community, and Shopping |
| Client's Goal | Give customers information about store and event calendar |
| Audiences | Concerns and Needs | Approach |
|---|---|---|
|
Customers (age 30 and up) computer savvy and not, use desktop or phone, Mac/Windows, iOS/Android, Chrome/Safari/Edge/Firefox |
|
|
|
Customers (children, young adults) computer savvy, primarily use phone, iOS/Android, Chrome/Safari/Edge/Firefox |
|
|
|
Potential Employees age 18 and up, computer savvy and not, use desktop or phone, Mac/Windows, iOS/Android, Chrome/Safari/Edge/Firefox |
|
|


We are currently seeking your most immoral, suprisings, revolutionary revelations. We accept from any genre, we just want to feel what you're saying. Y'know what we mean?
Please be sure to check out our catalog of books to get a sense for what we're looking for. We are not opposed to revenge fiction, poetry about the spaces between even the people we're closest to, and nonficiton about the things we've lost. Chipper topics need not apply.
Feel free to send your best, your gloomiest, your most unloved but deserving to dirtymoonpress@gmail.com.


Mathematics is the study of patterns and structures. Where natural sciences must eventually refer to phenomena which are observable and measurable, mathematics is concerned with structures which are merely possible. Scientists sometimes find in mathematics a useful language for describing and analyzing observed patterns; indeed, it is increasingly difficult to make progress in science without using mathematical analysis at some stage. Modeling a physical situation mathematically sometimes makes it possible to predict complex behavior, and these predictions make it possible to test the strength of the underlying theory. As a prominent mathematician of the twentieth century said (somewhat immodestly) "Mathematics describes the laws that God Himself is obliged to follow." The language needed to describe such things can be technically challenging at times, and the teacher of mathematics must work to maintain a balance between technical facility and clarity. On the one hand, one can do little mathematically if one can not correctly manipulate mathematical expressions while, on the other hand, the formal manipulation of expressions can be a rather dry and hollow exercise. Pedagogically, some students appear to take a great deal of comfort from the precise and uncompromising rigor of mathematical algorithms while others rebel at what can at times appear to be an arbitrary game based on arbitrary rules. But one should not have to choose. Technical rigor and understanding should strengthen and reinforce each other. In our classes we will strive to teach students how to use technical mastery to gain understanding and how to use intuitive understanding to sharpen technique. Students are exposed to problem solving from the earliest ages. It is at the level of concrete problems that the dual aspects of mathematical reasoning confront each other. Asking questions about patterns arising in simple sequences of numbers or in basic shapes quickly leads to questions and conjectures that require new techniques. Learning to phrase these questions in a reasonable way is an essential part of mathematics. To be technically useful, a mathematical statement about a problem must use familiar mathematical objects in a familiar way. To be conceptually useful, a mathematical statement about a problem must suggest ways to analyze the situation further. At all levels, the goal of our classes is fluency with the basic techniques of mathematics and an understanding of mathematical reasoning sufficient to approach problem solving in a variety of contexts. The laws of basic arithmetic will be presented along with problems of counting and sequence while more subtle laws of algebra flow naturally from elementary problems of probability and simple games. The axioms Euclidean Geometry can be seen in simple drawings and Geometric reasoning can be learned from constructions with straightedge and compass. In later years, students are asked to confront problems drawn from a much wider set of topics. The introduction of perspective into Renaissance painting brought with it a host of new questions in geometry and algebra. These questions in turn gave rise to a variety of new techniques. Trigonometry didn't truly flourish until it was needed by the architects, navigators, and geographers of the 16th century and Calculus had to be invented in order to describe Newton's theory of Motion. In each of the more advanced courses, mathematical techniques are taught alongside the questions, which gave rise to them. For course offerings, click here.
|


--- layout: page title: Support permalink: /support/ ---
For help with implementing the Spectral library into your games and applications, read through the provided documentation.
View the source to learn how the Spectral library is implemented.
You can submit an issue to the issue tracker to report a bug or to request a new feature. Please search through the existing issues before posting a new one. Provide as much detail as possible with your issue. For bug reports, provide details as to what happens and when it happens, and if possible, provide a link to a repository with an example. For feature requests, explain in detail what the feature should accomplish and why it should be implemented.


| < August 2015 > | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Su | M | T | W | Th | F | Sa |
| 1 | ||||||
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
| 30 | 31 |
Ruby Classes! So convenient. A class in ruby has a variety of advantages, including it's own variables and methods. I like to think of a class as a shell of sorts, or perhaps a mold for creating new objects of the same type. A class is an object that's use is to create new objects. Objects that belong to this class type will inherit instance variables and methods the moment they are born, potentially saving a lot of time. Lets run through an example:
class Cat
def initialize(name, breed, age)
@name = name
@breed = breed
@age = age
end
def talk
p "Meow!"
end
attr_accessor :name, :age
attr_reader :breed
attr_writer :fav_food
def feed(food)
if food == @fav_food
print "*chomp*"
sleep 0.5
puts " *chomp*"
sleep 1.0
puts "purr purrrrr"
else
3.times do
print "."
sleep 1.0
end
puts "blegh"
end
end
end
Let's break this down. We have started by opening a new class, in this case Cat. This class will act as a sort of momma cat, her children will be full fledged Cats with her contained features, but with slight individual variations. To express these variations we define an initialization. This method makes it so when a new Cat is created, it will need three arguments passed with it, those being name, breed, and age. We can try this! How about something like:
garfield = Cat.new("Garfield", "Tabby", 37)
=> #<Cat:0x000000022c81f0 @name="Garfield", @breed="tabby", @age=37>
Notice what gets returned! There is a Cat object with it's ID, and variable assignments, except these variables have an @ sign preceding them. These are instance variables, we previously set them in the initialization. They are called 'instance' variables because every instance of the class Cat will have it's own individual value. This is in contrast with class variables(marked by @@), which will have the same value for all objects that belong to the class.
The next line shows an example of a simple instance method. We define a method 'talk', and supply the code to be run when called. This would run as follows:
garfield.talk
=> "Meow!"
Simple enough! To make instance methods out of our instance variables, we can use the shorthand attr_accessor, reader, or writer. attr_reader does what you might think, it creates a method that allows us to read a value. attr_writer is also fairly intuitive, it allows you to assign a value outside of the class code, but excludes the reading privledges. attr_accessor is simply a combination of both, one is allowed to both call the method to read the value or set a new value. Notice that name and age are set as attr_accessor. Lets say our friend Garfield is celebrating a birthday. We can change his age and check the value as follow:
garfield.age
=> 37
garfield.age = 38
=> 38
garfield.age
=> 38
Again, simple! I set 'breed' to attr_reader, you can imagine what this does. It even makes real life sense, as it isn't hard to check a cat's breed, but you would be hard pressed to change it. What about attr_writer though, where we have the yet undefined fav_food. Let's try supplying a value.
garfield.fav_food = "lasagna"
=> "lasagna"
Alright, Garfield now has a favorite food of lasagna. Let's check this now with the feed method provided:
garfield.feed("lasagna")
*chomp* *chomp*
purr purrrrr
garfield.feed("salad")
...blegh
Great! But cat's are notoriously finicky eaters, and it would make sense to be able to rewrite the favorite food. This can be done easily, in fact it is the same as what we did with age before:
garfield.fav_food = "tuna"
=> "tuna"
garfield.feed("lasagna")
...blegh
garfield.feed 'tuna'
*chomp* *chomp*
purr purrrrr
Happy cat. What we have covered here is creating a new class and supplying instance variables and methods that the new obects of the class can utilize. Instance variables are marked by an @, and the methods can be created normally by defining them or using the shorthand attr_ notation. We did not cover class variables and methods, but it could be useful to note that class variables are marked with a double @@, and the methods are defined with a self.method notation. These variables and methods operate at the class level, so if we had a Cat class method it would be called with Cat.method. Making classes allows you to create an endless number of new, similar, objects with attributes already built in. It is, indeed, a very powerful tool.


FORCES OF NATURE
Reviewed by Harvey Karten, Ph.D. Dreamworks Director: Bronwen Hughes Writer: Marc Lawrence Cast: Sandra Bullock, Ben Affleck, Maura Tierney, Steve Zahn, Blythe Danner, Ronny Cox, David Strickland, Meredith Scott Lynn
If your best friend is engaged and you think that marriage is not right for him, there's no better gift you can give than "Bartlett's Familiar Quotations." This bible of famous sayings is packed with extracts from the great literature about matrimony, and to no one's surprise the better part of the excerpts is against the institution. In "Don Quixote" Cervantes warns us that "marriage is a noose," while the 16th century essayist, John Selden, counsels that "marriage is a desperate thing." Perhaps these celebrated writers from centuries past know whereof they speak: fully fifty percent of all marriages entered into by Americans end in divorce, and who knows how many others are marred by separation, uncivil warfare, and general misery? "Forces of Nature," a romantic comedy that frequently alerts us to the perils of matrimony but later subverts this discouraging idea, enjoys dependable performances by a reliable cast and some efficient editing that lends extra humor to many of its scenes, but the best thing about the film is Marc Lawrence's screenplay. Loaded with one-liners that range from outright chortles to agreeable chuckles, his script is generally on the level of a first-rate sitcom (think "Cheers"), making the movie a amiable way to spend some time in the company of people who have loved and lost, who have yet to do either, and even some who have retained their affection throughout decades of joyful togetherness.
The story opens on a bachelor party, purportedly the last night of singles freedom for Ben (Ben Affleck), whose gala blast is hosted by his best friend, Alan (Steve Zahn) and given spice by a seductive stripper bedecked in balloons begging to be burst. Ben, armed with non-refundable tickets for his anticipated honeymoon in Hawaii, boards a flight to Savannah, Georgia, where he is to be wed to the wealthy and charming Bridget (Maura Tierney), but when his aircraft veers off the runaway, Ben heads back to the terminal with a fellow passenger, Sarah (Sandra Bullock). As Ben is a conventional sort, he is taken under the wing by this attractive and eccentric woman who is fun-loving where Ben is prosaic, though we later discover that this bundle of joie de vivre has a melancholy side. After a series of adventures together spanning two days, Ben must decide whether to chuck his bride-to-be in favor of this new force of nature, to forget about marriage as an institution for the time being, or to go through with his plans to wed his Georgian debutante.
At once a road movie and a buddy film, "Forces of Nature" takes us through one episode after another, each adding to Ben's exploration of romance. Marc Lawrence is nothing if not canny with one-liners about the nature of marriage. Early on, Ben's granddad--who suffers a heart attack during the young man's bachelor party--confesses that "marriage is a prison," while a male passenger on the flight from New York to Savannah whines about the thirty pounds his wife put on "since we stopped having sex" and bewails the lies he must tell his spouse, such as how she looks so much better than the eighteen-year-old knockout who delivers his paper. When Ben meets a loving elderly couple on a train ride he shares with Sarah, his feelings about marriage become more optimistic--until the duo inform him that "we're not married-- we're having an affair," and the matronly lady describes how until she met this man she had never had an orgasm.
Sitcom that this picture may be, it never fails to entertain thanks to the fortuitous pairing of Ben Affleck, a master at appearing goofy, and Sandra Bullock, a powerhouse of womanly stamina. The chemistry between these opposites is potent, splitting the audience into two groups: those who want Ben to chuck his long-term sweetheart and take up with this fun-loving person, and those who feel he'd be more grounded with the stable person to whom he has declared his love. Supporting actors add zest to the story, particularly Joe (Richard Schiff), a tour guide in a bus to Miami. We wonder until the final minutes whether Ben will follow the advice he comes across in a quote by Oscar Wilde: "One should always be in love--that's why one should never marry." Director Bronwen Hughes, whose innocuous "Harriet the Spy" might have ended her career, has come back with a pleasurable, if TV-level comedy, about two forces of nature--the storm which delays Ben's march to Georgia, and the power of love to conquer all.
Rated PG-13. Running Time: 105 minutes. (C) 1999 Harvey Karten
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


All of our pizzas are made with hand-thrown crust, baked in real wood ovens. Choose from one of these sizes:
×
$


In some cases, you may need to send or receive information from some object other than the focus or target. The Model hierarchy is provided as an alternative. In most cases, the model provides a means of pointing to data selections other than that pointed to by the Target hierarchy. Only use it if the target hierarchy cannot serve your needs.
The model of an application is used to identify objects that represent the actual data that can be selected by the user. Typically, these selections are either secondary selections or are not visible. The selections are frequently operated on with the use of menus, dialog boxes, or other UI gadgetry. Only one object at each model level may have the model "exclusive," and for an object to "have the Model" of an application, that object must have a continuous path of model exclusives up to the application object.
Only GenSystem, GenApplication, and the document control objects can be directly used in the Model hierarchy without any modifications. To use other objects in the Model hierarchy, you must first subclass those objects' classes and add an instance field and several message handlers pertaining to the Model hierarchy. Any object which is a valid target node can be subclassed in this manner.
By default, an application will come up with certain objects having the model exclusive within their model levels. This allows the user to immediately begin operating on data. For an object to grab the default exclusive, it must first be modelable. Only objects which are modelable may have the model exclusive. A modelable object can be any child of a valid model node. Valid nodes for the Model hierarchy are the same as for the Target hierarchy. However, a document control object must also be set GDCA_MODELABLE to grab the model exclusive. Remember that just because an object is a valid node does not mean it can exhibit the behavior of the Model hierarchy; you must subclass most objects for this to occur.
For objects within a model level, the model will be granted first to any object with
HINT_DEFAULT_MODEL
in its instance data. If no object has this hint at a particular model level, then the model will be granted to the first modelable object at that level.
The easiest way to deliver a message to an object in the active Model hierarchy is to use
MSG_META_SEND_CLASSED_EVENT
with the
TravelOption
TO_MODEL. To send a message to the leaf node in the Model hierarchy, send this message with a class of null. The message will be sent down the hierarchy until it reaches the leaf object, where it will be processed.
This approach is desirable over using
MSG_META_GET_MODEL_EXCL
to return an optr for later use as the system may have corrupted the optr in the meantime.
To modify the Model hierarchy, use
MSG_META_GRAB_MODEL_EXCL
.
To remove the model exclusive from an object without setting it to another object, use
MSG_META_RELEASE_MODEL_EXCL
. Note that these messages only modify the model exclusive of a single object. Therefore, they only affect the model pointer of the parent; further up the Model hierarchy there is no effect. Changing the model exclusive of an object will only change the direction of the model path if all ancestors of the new model exclusive are also model exclusives.
To check which model exclusive a composite points to, send it a
MSG_META_GET_MODEL_EXCL
. This message will return the optr of the model child. The returned object may not have the model properties, though, for the reasons above. Never send a message directly to the object returned by this method as it may have been changed in the meantime. Use
MSG_META_SEND_CLASSED_EVENT
with the
TravelOption
TO_MODEL instead.
Your application may also wish to be notified when an object either gains or loses its model properties.
Whenever an object in GEOS gains the model of the application--not just the model exclusive--it sends a
MSG_META_GAINED_MODEL_EXCL
to that object.
Similarly, if an object loses the model of an application--not just the model exclusive--the system sends a
MSG_META_LOST_MODEL_EXCL
to that object.
If your application needs to know when an object either gains or loses its model properties, intercept
MSG_META_GAINED_MODEL_EXCL
and
MSG_META_LOST_MODEL_EXCL
. Be sure to pass these messages on to the superclass, however, to perform necessary default functionality. Within your message handlers for these messages, you may add whatever additional behavior you require.


Our founder and C.E.O. Ntsikelelo Mnqokoyi
Phungela Online Solutions is an online solutions provider that aims to provide business owners from all walks of life an opportunity to take advantage of the global market of customers world-wide by representing their business online with our high quality digital marketing services.
Our founder and C.E.O.,a web design enthusiast who goes by the name of Ntsikelelo Mnqokoyi, as shown in the picture above, realised the importance of a sound digital marketing strategy for businesses after seeing first-hand how powerful this can be especially for business owners who want to sell their goods/services to the entire world.
The name Phungela is derived from our founder's favorite ancestral clan name from his family's lineage


{% extends 'enrolment-base.html' %} {% block sub_header %}{# prevent the subheader from showing on form pages #}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
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You may still receive emails about your account, for example, if our terms of use change or there are specific changes to the service(s) offered.


Q2 GDP growth rate to slow down to 4.7%, says ICRA
With subdued domestic demand, investment activity, and non-oil merchandise exports weighing on volume expansion, manufacturing growth is expected to decelerate further from the marginal 0.6 percent in Q1 of FY2020, it said.
by Moneycontrol NewsICRA expects India's growth rate to fall to 4.7 percent in Q2 of FY20, amid weak demand and tepid investment.
The ratings firm also sees the country's gross value added (GVA) at basic prices in year-on-year (YoY) basis at 4.5 per cent for the quarter ending September of FY2020.
The GDP and GVA were 5.0 per cent and 4.9 per cent respectively in Q1 and agriculture and services may maintain the growth rate recorded in the first quarter, an ICRA statement said.
"ICRA expects the GVA growth to decline to 4.5 per cent in Q2 of FY2020 from 4.9 per cent in Q1 of FY2020, primarily led by industry," said Aditi Nayar, principal economist, ICRA.
With subdued domestic demand, investment activity, and non-oil merchandise exports weighing on volume expansion, manufacturing growth is expected to decelerate further from the marginal 0.6 percent in Q1 of FY2020, the statement said.
Heavy rainfall in August-September of 2019 along with the delayed withdrawal of the monsoon and constrained activities in the mining and construction sectors also contributed to a lower demand for electricity from the agricultural and household sectors.
In addition to that, muted industrial activity reduced the demand for electricity generation.
ICRA expects the Y-o-Y GVA growth of mining and quarrying, construction, and electricity, gas, water supply and other utilities to weaken in Q2 of FY2020.
"Various lead indicators of trade reveal a broad-based deterioration in Q2 of FY2020, which would weigh upon service sector growth in that quarter," the statement said.
(With PTI inputs)


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|
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See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| Configurable | Defines the interface that must be implemented by any configurable component in Sphinx-4. |
| ConfigurationChangeListener | Describes all methods necessary to process change events of a ConfigurationManager . |
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| ConfigHandler | A SAX XML Handler implementation that builds up the map of raw property data objects |
| ConfigurableAdapter | An default (abstract) implementation of a configurable that implements a meaning toString() and keeps a
references to the Confurable 's logger. |
| ConfigurationManager | Manages a set of Configurable s, their parameterization and the relationships between them. |
| ConfigurationManagerUtils | Some static utility methods which ease the handling of system configurations. |
| PropertySheet | A property sheet which defines a collection of properties for a single component in the system. |
| RawPropertyData | Holds the raw property data just as it has come in from the properties file. |
| S4PropWrapper | Wraps annotations |
| SaxLoader | Loads configuration from an XML file |
| Enum Summary | |
|---|---|
| PropertyType | An enum type that defines the possible property types. |
| Exception Summary | |
|---|---|
| InternalConfigurationException | Indicates that a problem occurred while setting one or more properties for this component. |
| PropertyException | Indicates that a problem occurred while setting one or more properties for this component |
| Annotation Types Summary | |
|---|---|
| ConfCategory | An annotation which can be used to tag classes. |
| S4Boolean | A logical property. |
| S4Component | A component property. |
| S4ComponentList | A list property. |
| S4Double | * A double property. |
| S4Integer | An integer property. |
| S4Property | A tag which superclasses all sphinx property annotations. |
| S4String | A string property. |
| S4StringList | A List containing float numbers. |
Provides a mechanism for managing persistent configuration data. The configuration manager and the associated set of interfaces and classes provides the following services:
For an overview of how to use this configuration management system to create and configure components please see: Sphinx-4 Configuration Management
For a description of how to create your own configurable components see:
Configurable
|
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Royalty Sports is a well known company producing and selling sports products with its own trade mark which are reliable, high quality, competitive for the sports enthusiasts. Our mission is to embrace the mindset of our potential athletic customers and their needs by applying the sports philosophy of "Relentless improvement" to retailing.
We have wide variety of bicycles which includes Road Bikes, Mountain Bikes, Full Suspension Mountain Bikes, Hardtail Mountain Bikes, Hybrid Bikes, Kids' Bikes, Folding Bikes, Electric Bikes.
Explore our range of skis from piste to powder, all-mountain to touring, suitable for all abilities.
We have wide variety of surfboards which includes Fish, Longboards, Mini Mals, Shortboards, Soft Deck, Starter Shortboards and also boards for Beginners.
We have two types of foils: the nonelectric foil—also known as "steam" or "dry" and the electric foil
You're not going to hit a ridiculously long phone menu when you call us. Your email is not going to inbox abyss, never to be seen or heard from again. At Royalty sports, we provide exceptional customer assistance that we'd want to experience ourselves.


Some of the API response objects (e.g. a <alternate_flights_url/ > in the <Segment/> contained within an <AirObject> object) contain relative URLs that reference different functionality related to that object that's only available via the web application. An API client may reliably include links to those URLs but the user would needs to authenticate with either m.tripit.com or www.tripit.com using their username/password. Alternatively there is a mechanism by which an API client can use an authorized access token and consumer secret to obtain a web session cookie on behalf of a TripIt user. This documentation describes how that mechanism works.
This document assumes the reader has an understanding of the OAuth protocol and has been able to access protected resources on behalf of a TripIt user using either 2-legged or 3-legged OAuth.
To obtain an authenticated web session for a TripIt account that has granted access to the client application simply do the following.
Generate a set of OAuth request parameters appropriate for a request to the protected resource /account/session on either www.tripit.com or m.tripit.com. This resource is only available via SSL. In other words either:
https://www.tripit.com/account/sessionor
https://m.tripit.com/account/session
The set of OAuth parameters are same that need to be generated for a request to access a protected resource in the API. Here's an example set for a 3-legged OAuth client:
oauth_consumer_key: "test_three_legged_application_key" oauth_nonce: "66832ae0089c1b89bc02548426f5e725" oauth_signature: "DFkdG1WbLkXa7jSJIQ+Q4giV68E=" oauth_signature_method: "HMAC-SHA1" oauth_timestamp: "1282021595" oauth_token: "66832ae189c1b82bf02521ad6f5e725" oauth_version: "1.0"For a 2-legged client the set of request parameters should look like this:
oauth_consumer_key: "test_two_legged_application_key" oauth_nonce: "66832ae0089c1b89bc02548426f5e725" oauth_signature: "DFkdG1WbLkXa7jSJIQ+Q4giV68E=" oauth_signature_method: "HMAC-SHA1" oauth_timestamp: "1282021595" oauth_version: "1.0" xoauth_requestor_id<EMAIL_ADDRESS>In addition, the client may optionally supply a redirect_url parameter that this action will use to redirect the client (if appropriate) in the response. The redirect_url request parameter as well as the URL to which the client will make a request should be included in the oauth_signature calculation. The request is a simple HTTP GET request.
Here's what an example request to generate a web session looks like. Once the required OAuth and optional request parameters are generated, the client issues the following GET request. In this example to: https://www.tripit.com/account/session
https://www.tripit.com/account/session?oauth_nonce=502235a66f0cc2b8738a850b753df3cb&oauth_timestamp=1284506766&oauth_consumer_key=ed53ff12250262d61d42add5e4c1f3e88153c158&oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1&oauth_version=1.0&oauth_token=e8a3d1b9ba9a5784c8b191b92a6b4f6dfb2c902e&redirect_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.com%2F&oauth_signature=zBxE2%2Ba10%2FfA0Nm79yFKdaiBUFs%3D
In this example, the client supplied a fictitious (and optional) redirect_url of http://www.example.com/. Here's what the full request looks like when viewed through Firefox's Live HTTP Headers plugin.
GET /account/session?oauth_nonce=502235a66f0cc2b8738a850b753df3cb&oauth_timestamp=1284506766&oauth_consumer_key=ed53ff12250262d61d42add5e4c1f3e88153c158&oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1&oauth_version=1.0&oauth_token=e8a3d1b9ba9a5784c8b191b92a6b4f6dfb2c902e&redirect_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.com%2F&oauth_signature=zBxE2%2Ba10%2FfA0Nm79yFKdaiBUFs%3D HTTP/1.1 Host: www.tripit.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:<IP_ADDRESS>) Gecko/20100723 Fedora/3.6.7-1.fc13 Firefox/3.6.7 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 115 Connection: keep-alive
On a successful response, the server sends the following:
HTTP/1.1 302 Found Server: nginx Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2010 23:26:13 GMT Content-Type: text/html Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: close Set-Cookie: session_id=98d6bgnaopkdjs3sruo23j2f2eijtro5; path=/; HttpOnly Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0 Pragma: no-cache Location: http://www.example.com/ P3P: CP="DSP LAW"
Note the Set-Cookie: header in the response. This cookie is a session cookie that the client can use on subsequent requests to without the user having to re-supply a username and password.
To log the TripIt user out a client may do one of the following:


Police rescue 3 children from suspected female traffickers
by https://www.facebook.com/CheerfulpraiseEmma Elekwa, Onitsha
Police in Anambra state said they have rescued three kids from two women suspected to be child traffickers in Nkpor, Idemili North local government area of the state.
The police spokesperson, Haruna Mohammed, who confirmed this while parading the suspects in Awka, said the suspects Chisom Ani, 28 and Afamefuna Udodili, 32, were arrested by Police detectives following intelligence report.
He said, “Preliminary investigation by Police detectives attached to Otoucha Division revealed that the two children were allegedly stolen from Enuguwu Aguleri in Anambra East LGA by one Ani Chisom ‘f’ aged 28 years of Amuri in Nkanu-East LGA of Enugu State and Afamefuna Udodili ‘f aged 32 years of Orodo in Mbaitolu LGA of Imo State respectively.
“Following the public announcement by the Command on the 22/11/2019, parents of the two kids from Enugu Aguleri came and identified their children.
“They also revealed their names as Confidence Ejike ‘f’ aged 5 years and Blessing Ejike ‘f’ aged 7 months old respectively.”
Read Also: Police arrest suspected killers of PDP Women Leader in Kogi
Mohammed said the children have since reunited with their parents, adding that the suspects would be charged after investigations were concluded.
“The Commissioner of Police John Abang urges parents and guardians to monitor their children and caution them against following strangers.
“The CP further enjoins the public to report any suspicious persons to the nearest Police Station or call Police emergency number<PHONE_NUMBER>2 for prompt action,” he added.


French mustard sauce porkchops (Côtes de porc charcutières)
French bistrot style porkchops with a mustard, white wine and gherkins sauce. Very quick to cook.
Serves 4
Ingredients
- porkchops: 4
- shallots: 2
- gerkins: a dozen medium sized ones
- white wine: 350ml | 1 ½ cup
- brown stock: 100ml | ½ cup
- mustard: 2tbsp
- butter
- vegetable oil
Directions
- Cut the shallots into small dices.
- Cut the gherkins into long strips.
- Sear the porkchops on high heat on cast iron or stainless steel pan until golden brown on each side, and cook them through on lower heat..
- Once the porkchops are cooked, set them aside in a warm environment.
- Sweat the shallots in the same pan.
- Deglaze with white wine, let it reduce until there’s about two teaspoons left.
- Add the stock.
- Add the gherkins.
- Mix in the mustard.
- Let the sauce reduce until it gets a coating consistency.
- Mix in a knob a butter.
- Put the chops back in, flip them to coat them in sauce, warm them up for 30 seconds.
- Serve with a nice mashed potato or saute potatoes.
Contribution
- anon btc:
1FJSSps89rEMtYm8Vvkp2uyTX9MFpZtcGy
Recipe tags:
french
pork
quick


how to upload your logo!! - Better Battlelog Forums #105835
Sitemap
12.  August 2013 17:04
Topicstarter
Android-GWorld
how to download and save the logo, it does not work (((
12. August 2013 16:26
juress
Theme Developer
Android-GWorld wrote:
how to download and save the logo, it does not work (((
http://getbblog.com/en/board/topic/101336/1/Important-Platoon-Image-Upload
12. August 2013 17:48
Topicstarter
Android-GWorld
this is an outrage! I will complain to the UN! :D


It can be said that most if not all AoK are just mathematics applied to special cases.
Natural Sciences
All natural sciences are ultimately areas of physics (chemistry as the study of physics pertaining to molecular interactions, biology as the study of physics pertaining to life, earth science as the study of physics pertaining to the earth, astronomy as the study of physics pertaining to the heavens, etc.).
All laws of physics are basically mathematical equations modelling certain variables under certain situations.
Social Sciences and the Arts
The social sciences include history, psychology, economics, and other studies of human behaviors and human societies; this area of science can be argued to be applying the natural sciences (and thus mathematics) on human behavior, past, present, and future.
The arts is concerned with aesthetics as perceived by humans and is thus a special case of the social sciences.
Ethics and Religion
Ethics is the study of resolving morality, and religion is a system of belief that typically includes a deity or another supernatural concept and that typically stipulates actions that one must follow.
If one's belief in ethics and religion does not incorporate a non-material element, then it could be said math encompasses ethics and religion since they become a part of the study of the phyisical world.
However, if one believes in a non-material element, it may not be possible to use math to explain that non-material element.


Foundation Profiles
Basic stats, full grant listings, and key personnel.
Summary Info
Fast information at your fingertips
What's the average grant size? Is the foundation professionally managed? Get a quick snapshot of every foundation.
Giving trends
Understand giving priorities
View a foundation's historical giving trends to see if your organization is a match.
Open source and forever free
Start your searchGlobal Grants Search
Now anyone can search across all grants contained in the IRS dataset.
No sign in required. Forever free.
Research
Search through {{ site.number_of_grants | divided_by: 1000000 }}.{{ site.number_of_grants | modulo: 1000000 | divided_by: 100000 }} million grants
Thanks to our partnership with Algolia, we've developed an incredible search tool allowing anyone to search across all {{ site.number_of_grants | divided_by: 1000000 }}.{{ site.number_of_grants | modulo: 1000000 | divided_by: 100000 }} million grants contained in the IRS dataset.
Prospecting
Find foundations that fund similar organizations
Live search allows you to quickly cover all relevant search terms. One funder's gender equality is another's gender parity.


We've seen in the previous part how to draw a simple colored map in HTML.
This page explains how to have a real graphical representation of your previously created HeightMap object.
First of all, we declare and create our heightmap.
// Create an object with default values : // pitch = 8, ratio = 3.1, width = 127, height = 127 var oHeightMap = new HeightMap(); // Generate a map (direct calls to "setSide", "makeMap", "smooth" and "crop"). oHeightMap.doMap(10,12);
If you want to have a map representation with hexagonal tiles you can use jowe_ui_2d_hexa object. You need to place a CANVAS tag in your HTML code, it will be used to paint the map. Don't forget to give it a unique id, other attributes are optionals.
<canvas id="cmap" width="1" height="1"> </canvas>
Creating the UI object requires 4 parameters. You have to specify the id of the canvas to work on, and
the width and height to give to the canvas object. The background color is optional (default is black).
Once your object is initialized, you only have to call the draw method with the required parameters :
// Initialize the colors used to paint the map (0 to 8), according to the pitch used to generate the heightmap. var colors = ['#0000ee', '#0000ee', '#0033dd', '#20F220', '#10D210', '#00B200', '#505050', '#505050', '#DADADA']; // Initialize the UI object and set the size of the canvas to 320x160 pixels. var oCanvasMap = new jowe_ui_2d_hexa("cmap", 320, 160, '#000'); // Draw the map without rotation, from offset (0,0) and tile size of 16x16. oCanvasMap.draw(oHeightMap.item, 0, 0, 0, 16, 16, colors);
If you'd rather have a straight map, you can use an optional parameter :
// Draw a straight map without rotation, from offset (0,0) and tile size of 16x16. oCanvasMap.draw(oHeightMap.item, 0, 0, 0, 16, 16, colors, true);
This simple demo let you interact with all parameters in a very minimalistic way. Its sole purpose is to permit you to test the function.
You also may be interested by drawing map with diamond tiles.
You also may be interested by drawing a pixel map.


Bacon ipsum dolor amet boudin shank drumstick ham doner meatloaf t-bone pastrami bacon. Swine filet mignon pork loin ham alcatra brisket corned beef pork shank strip steak pastrami porchetta. Venison rump meatloaf pork ground round. Capicola fatback sausage alcatra. Doner flank meatloaf meatball, tri-tip andouille short ribs.


THE BEST FOOD BLOG ON THE WEN.
POSTED ON 15 DEC 2013 / DESSERTS
For the fig-swirl:Melt butter over medium heat in a saucepan. Add brown sugar and stir to dissolve. Halve all of the figs and toss in the sucepan with water and lemon juice. Cook over medium heat, stirring frequently, until you have a chunky-jammy mixture. Add salt with one or two stirs, set aside and let cool completely.
Ice Cream: In a small pot over medium heat, combine milk, and granulated sugar until sugar is completely dissolved and the milk is just barely lukewarm. Whisk in the egg yolks. Set mixture in the fridge and wait until fig mixture is cooled.
Using an ice cream machine, pour liquids into the frozen basin and process according to manufacturer instructions, i.e., let spin and thicken for 20 minutes before adding mascarpone, fig jam mixture, and the nuts. Continue to process for +/- 10 minutes. Pour semi-frozen mixture into a pyrex dish or glass tupperware. Freeze for at least two hours before serving.
Food enthusiast, phptography fan. Add a pinch raw foodism and that's pretty much who I am.


Happy Ganesh Chaturthi.
Lord Ganesh, also known as Vinayaka, Gajanand or Chaturbhuj among his 108 names is considered to be the God of new beginnings. It is in the honour of his birth that the country celebrates Ganesh Chaturthi. Lord Ganesha is praised as the God of wisdom, prosperity, good fortune and the destroyer of evils, for which he earns a special name, as 'Vignaharta'. Ganesh Chaturthi falls annually in the sixth month of Hindu calendar, Bhadrapada, which generally falls in August or September. This year, the festival will be celebrated on Saturday, August 22.
Ganesh Chaturthi is a celebration which holds a lot of significance for devotees. Worshippers bring home an idol of Lord Ganesha every year, welcoming him as their guest and worship him for ten days, after which, he is bid goodbye, which is known as Visarjan. Special pujas and aartis are organized on all ten days. Huge statues of the deity are also installed in public spaces to mark the festival. Special offerings and delicacies such as modak, which is considered to be Lord Ganesha's favourites are prepared during the festival. Homes are decorated, people visit each other and offer their blessings. However, this year, the pandemic has muted down the festivity, which otherwise, always happens in a grand manner.
Ganesh ji's Other Names
- AMIT - Incomparable Lord
- DURGA - Invincible Lord
- Ganapati - Lord of All ganas(God)
- KIRtI - Lord of Music
- Mahabala - Strong Lord
- Vighnahara - Remover of obstacles


During the winter months, our social media accounts are not very active because we are not open for business. During the spring and summer, our social media will be updating where we are located (if we are open).
We are always taking suggestions where we should set up for the convenience of our customers. If you have any ideas or suggestions, be sure to follow and comment on our social media accounts found at the bottom of the page.
You can contact us via email or any of our social media accounts.
During the winter months, do not try and contact us to buy snow cones, just go get some hot chocolate or something.
If you really want to give us feedback and ideas with an immediate response, you can give us a call by pressing the phone icon found at the bottom of the page.


This callout does not have any class!
This callout show a success with class kwc-callout-success
!
This callout show a warning with class kwc-callout-warning
!
This callout show an alert with class kwc-callout-alert
!
This callout show an error with class kwc-callout-error
!
I very good to style my component, so I use my own style!


Welcome to the Shake Shop, a little taste of sweet heaven. Our team works hard so you can be sure our ingredients are top-quality and prepared with love. Our menu is made with you in mind.  Check out our location to see where you can find us.
Shawn
I took my whole family one friday night and they couldn't stop raving about how much they enjoyed their shakes. We will make this place our friday night tradition!
Serita
Pure goodness in every bite!
Crystal
Such a cool relief on a hot summer night! The chocolate shake is such a yummy dessert!
John
Yes it is that good. Can't wait to come again for dessert tomorrow!
We are located at:
1001 Potrero Avenue
Anywhere Town, VA 00000
ph:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Hours:
Sunday-Saturday
10:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m.


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Index
Taming the BEAST Online 2021 wrap up
16 Jun 2021 by
Tim
TTB Online programme
3 May 2021 by
Tim
Fee exemptions for TTB Online
10 Mar 2021 by
Tim
Taming the BEAST Online!
1 Mar 2021 by
Tim
TTB 2020 Cancelled
30 Jun 2020 by
Tim
TTB 2020 Postponed
13 Mar 2020 by
Tim
TTB 2020 Switzerland draft programme available!
26 Feb 2020 by
Tim
Registration Open for Taming the BEAST in Switzerland, 2020!
2 Dec 2019 by
Tim
Taming the BEAST in Switzerland 2020!
22 Nov 2019 by
Tim
Squamish wrap up eh!
22 Aug 2019 by
Louis
Programme for Taming the BEAST Eh!
10 Jul 2019 by
Tim
Taming the BEAST Canada webpage launched!
20 Mar 2019 by
Tim
TTB Down Under wrap up
23 Feb 2019 by
Tim
Taming the BEAST in Canada!
17 Feb 2019 by
Tim
Final Programme for TTB Down Under
15 Feb 2019 by
Tim
Preliminary Programme for TTB Down Under
14 Jan 2019 by
Tim
Taming the BEAST Down Under!
6 Sep 2018 by
Tim
TTB Oberägeri wrap up
24 Jun 2018 by
Tim
Oberägeri programme
8 May 2018 by
Tim
Taming the BEAST returns to Switzerland!
8 Feb 2018 by
Tim
London wrap up
4 Aug 2017 by
Louis
Taming the BEAST in Systematic Biology!
12 Jul 2017 by
Louis
London programme
5 May 2017 by
Louis
Taming the BEAST comes to London!
3 Apr 2017 by
Louis
Waiheke and what comes next
28 Feb 2017 by
Louis
Welcome to Waiheke!
5 Feb 2017 by
Louis
Engelberg lecture slides
19 Dec 2016 by
Louis
Welcome BEAST tamers!
4 Nov 2016 by
Louis


| Class and Description |
|---|
| SubSelect
A subselect followed by an optional alias.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| SubSelect
A subselect followed by an optional alias.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| FromItem
An item in a "SELECT [...] FROM item1" statement.
|
| FromItemVisitor |
| IntoTableVisitor |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Select |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AllColumns
All the columns (as in "SELECT * FROM ...")
|
| AllTableColumns |
| Distinct
A DISTINCT [ON (expression, ...)] clause
|
| FromItem
An item in a "SELECT [...] FROM item1" statement.
|
| FromItemVisitor |
| Join
A join clause
|
| Limit
A limit clause in the form [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count) | (row_count | ALL) OFFSET offset}]
|
| OrderByElement
An element (column reference) in an "ORDER BY" clause.
|
| OrderByVisitor |
| PlainSelect
The core of a "SELECT" statement (no UNION, no ORDER BY)
|
| SelectBody |
| SelectExpressionItem
An expression as in "SELECT expr1 AS EXPR"
|
| SelectItem
Anything between "SELECT" and "FROM"
(that is, any column or expression etc to be retrieved with the query) |
| SelectItemVisitor |
| SelectVisitor |
| SubJoin
A table created by "(tab1 join tab2)".
|
| SubSelect
A subselect followed by an optional alias.
|
| Top
A top clause in the form [TOP row_count]
|
| Union
A UNION statement
|
| WithItem
One of the parts of a "WITH" clause of a "SELECT" statement
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AllColumns
All the columns (as in "SELECT * FROM ...")
|
| AllTableColumns |
| FromItemVisitor |
| Join
A join clause
|
| Limit
A limit clause in the form [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count) | (row_count | ALL) OFFSET offset}]
|
| OrderByElement
An element (column reference) in an "ORDER BY" clause.
|
| OrderByVisitor |
| PlainSelect
The core of a "SELECT" statement (no UNION, no ORDER BY)
|
| Select |
| SelectExpressionItem
An expression as in "SELECT expr1 AS EXPR"
|
| SelectItemVisitor |
| SelectVisitor |
| SubJoin
A table created by "(tab1 join tab2)".
|
| SubSelect
A subselect followed by an optional alias.
|
| Union
A UNION statement
|


Japanese director went deep into one of the poorest area in China
Ten years ago, Daliang Mountain was a secret place in the poor and backward western Sichuan. Ten years later, the Japanese director set off again to find his way to Liangshan. From Cliff Village to Zhaojue County, from the football team in the mountains to the Japanese subjects of Shuanghe Elementary School, when dreams are reflected in reality, what kind of face is Daliang Mountain now? Let us walk closer to Daliang Mountain and listen to the sound from the mountain!
Chinese online star Li Ziqi provides an escape from urban life
Chinese online star Li Ziqi has become one of the most famous internet celebrities in the country by sharing videos of her rural life. She picks ingredients from her farm, constructs furniture by hand and cooks a vast spread, providing a respite from busy urban living for her tens of millions of fans worldwide.
A video from the Chengdu Panda Base
Chengdu in China has been the hometown of the giant panda -- one of the world's most endangered species - for more than 8 million years, and the Chengdu Panda Base (a not-for-profit organisation) is a world-renowned breeding and research center for the giant panda. Celebrating its 25th anniversary in 2012, the Panda Base now has the largest controlled breeding population in the world -- 108 giant pandas. Panda Awareness Week highlights the work of the Chengdu Panda Base in fostering the continued growth of the giant panda population, as well as rescuing and rehabilitating pandas so they can return to the wild.


Lower-income Black parents are disproportionately likely to take out Parent PLUS loans, which is a loan provided by the U.S. Department of Education to the parents of college students. Parent PLUS loans are unsubsidized and charge a loan fee (added to each loan payment) of \(4.228\%\) and an interest rate of \(7.54\%\) as of \(2022\) [9.11.173], adding a substantial financial burden to the parent borrower.
in-context


Module: ActionView::Helpers::CsrfHelper
Do not use. This module is for internal use only.
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance Descendants | |
|
Included In:
| |
| Defined in: | actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/csrf_helper.rb |
Instance Method Summary
-
#csrf_meta_tag
Alias for #csrf_meta_tags.
-
#csrf_meta_tags
(also: #csrf_meta_tag)
Returns meta tags “csrf-param” and “csrf-token” with the name of the cross-site request forgery protection parameter and token, respectively.
Instance Method Details
#csrf_meta_tag
Alias for #csrf_meta_tags.
# File 'actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/csrf_helper.rb', line 32
alias
#csrf_meta_tags Also known as: #csrf_meta_tag
Returns meta tags “csrf-param” and “csrf-token” with the name of the cross-site request forgery protection parameter and token, respectively.
<head>
<%= csrf_meta_tags %>
</head>
These are used to generate the dynamic forms that implement non-remote links with :method
.
You don’t need to use these tags for regular forms as they generate their own hidden fields.
For AJAX requests other than GETs, extract the “csrf-token” from the meta-tag and send as the X-CSRF-Token
HTTP header. If you are using rails-ujs, this happens automatically.
# File 'actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/csrf_helper.rb', line 22
def if defined?(protect_against_forgery?) && protect_against_forgery? [ tag("meta", name: "csrf-param", content: request_forgery_protection_token), tag("meta", name: "csrf-token", content: form_authenticity_token) ].join("\n").html_safe end end


H: The Dilemma
Say you go to a pharmacy to place an order for a prescription, only to wonder why you're about to pay \$60 for twenty tablets when the generic version offers twice as many for $30. But then you wonder, is a generic pharmaceutical really the same as its private counterpart? Amazingly, the answer is yes...mostly..
He: A Legal Problem
The primary issue in creating a generic version of a private drug is making sure that the chemical composition of whatever compound is formed is not identical to that of any competitor'sThis mostly regards pharmaceuticals created in developed countries, where patent laws are well enforced.. On first glance, this seems very difficult to accomplish, since generic equivalents have to be made of the same active ingredient(s) as their private equivalents. Luckily, there is a powerful facet of organic chemistry that allows for the accomplishment of such a task:
Li: Chirality
A hugely important aspect in the understanding and appreciation of molecular structures, chirality refers to the asymmetric, non-superimposable relationship between two otherwise identical compounds. This is likely best understood with an example:
S and R refer to the stereochemical geometry at a molecule's chiral center. It is a convenient way to distinguish stereoisomers, based on the CIP priority rules.It is obvious that these two compounds are the same formulaically1-bromoethanol. But geometrically, they are very different! The two compounds' hydrogens and bromines are in different spatial configurations, arranged in such a way they never be superposed on one other, no matter how they are twisted or turned. Any two compounds with this property are known as stereoisomers. In this particular case, the two compounds are a special type of stereoisomers, known as enantiomersStereoisomers of a molecule are enantiomers if they have different configurations at each of their equivalent stereocenters, and if the molecule does not have an internal plane of symmetry. Enantiomers with an internal plane of symmetry are known as meso. Stereoisomers with different configurations at some, but not all, of their equivalent stereocenters are known as diastereomers..
Here's where it gets interesting.
See, enantiomers are identical with regard to their physical properties, except in one quality - optical rotation. Each enantiomer rotates polarized light by the same magnitude, but in opposite directions. This makes enantiomers fundamentally different compounds.
This means that one enantiomer can be produced without infringement on the registered sale of another, while providing the same physical propertiesOne enantiomer of a drug will be as medically useful as its counterpart, so long as there is no bias among drug receptors..
But as the margin notes, there is another problem here, because certain receptors in our bodies only respond to particular molecular geometries. In that case, what is a stereoisomer to do?
Be: The Hack
Recall the following fact:
Enantiomers rotate polarized light by the same magnitude, but in opposite directions.
This is the basis for how generic drugs can get away with it. The trick is to mix equal amounts of each enantiomer, creating a racemate - an optically inactiveOptically inactive mixture or compound does not rotate light - in this case, because the direction of rotation by each enantiomer cancels out. mixture of enantiomers. This way, a drug can be made that contains the active ingredient required for its operation, but is different enough in its physical properties and composition from a private counterpart to be competitively acceptable.
So, next time you're buying medication, save some money with the generic version and a doubled dosage!


Trump Restores Navy SEAL’s Rank, Pardons Army Servicemen From Murder
by BIANCA BRUNO(CN) – President Donald Trump Friday restored Navy SEAL Chief Special Warfare Operator Edward R. Gallagher’s rank after he was demoted following a lengthy court-martial this past summer on claims he stabbed and killed a teenage Islamic State fighter.
Gallagher, who was only convicted on a charge for posing for pictures with the corpse of the fighter, received credit for time served this summer. While Gallagher was exonerated of premeditated murder charges, his conviction on the least serious charge still came with a demotion in rank and reduced pay.
After Gallagher was exonerated of premeditated murder, Trump tweeted a congratulatory message which stated: “Congratulations to Navy SEAL Eddie Gallagher, his wonderful wife Andrea and his entire family. You have been through much together. Glad I could help.”
A statement from White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham Friday noted before Gallagher faced prosecution, he was selected for a promotion to Senior Chief and awarded a Bronze Star with a “v” for valor. He was also assigned to be an instructor in the Navy prior to the court-martial.
“Though ultimately acquitted on all of the most serious charges, he was stripped of these honors as he awaited his trial and its outcome,” according to the statement.
“Given his service to our nation, a promotion back to the rank and pay grade of Chief Petty Officer is justified,” the press secretary added.
Trump also granted clemency Friday to two members of the Army, one convicted on murder charges and in the middle of a 19-year sentence and another who faced an impending trial.
Army Major Mathew Golsteyn was set to stand trial at a court-martial scheduled for December at Fort Bragg, North Carolina for shooting and killing a detained bomb maker in Afghanistan.
The suspected bomb maker – who allegedly created a device which detonated and killed two Marines – was identified by an Afghan informant and detained and questioned.
But rather than release him, Golsteyn shot him “because he was certain that the terrorist’s bomb making activities would continue to threaten American troops and their Afghan partners, including Afghan civilians who had helped identify him,” according to Grisham.
Army First Lieutenant Clint Lorance was in the midst of a 19-year sentence when he received a full pardon Friday.
In July 2012, Lorance ordered his men in Afghanistan to engage when a motorcycle with three men approached his troop at a high speed. Two of the three men were killed.
A petition with 124,000 signatures seeking executive clemency for Lorance was sent to the White House.
Several members of Congress including Sens. Bill Cassidy and John Kennedy and Reps. Steve Scalise, Garret Graves, Duncan Hunter, Paul Gosar, Adam Kinzinger, Scott Perry, Brian Babin, Neal Dunn, Michael Waltz, Louie Gohmert, Daniel Webster, Steve King, Ralph Norman, Mark Meadows, Clay Higgins, Ralph Abraham, Mike Johnson, and Jody Hice also petitioned for Lorance’s clemency.
Copyright © 2019 courthousenews.com


Distances/shortest paths between all pairs of vertices#
This module implements a few functions that deal with the computation of distances or shortest paths between all pairs of vertices.
Efficiency : Because these functions involve listing many times the (out)-neighborhoods of (di)-graphs, it is useful in terms of efficiency to build a temporary copy of the graph in a data structure that makes it easy to compute quickly. These functions also work on large volume of data, typically dense matrices of size \(n^2\), and are expected to return corresponding dictionaries of size \(n^2\), where the integers corresponding to the vertices have first been converted to the vertices’ labels. Sadly, this last translating operation turns out to be the most time-consuming, and for this reason it is also nice to have a Cython module, and version of these functions that return C arrays, in order to avoid these operations when they are not necessary.
Memory cost : The methods implemented in the current module sometimes need large amounts of memory to return their result. Storing the distances between all pairs of vertices in a graph on \(1500\) vertices as a dictionary of dictionaries takes around 200MB, while storing the same information as a C array requires 4MB.
The module’s main function#
The C function all_pairs_shortest_path_BFS
actually does all the
computations, and all the others (except for Floyd_Warshall
) are just
wrapping it. This function begins with copying the graph in a data structure
that makes it fast to query the out-neighbors of a vertex, then starts one
Breadth First Search per vertex of the (di)graph.
What can this function compute ?
The matrix of predecessors.
This matrix \(P\) has size \(n^2\), and is such that vertex \(P[u,v]\) is a predecessor of \(v\) on a shortest \(uv\)-path. Hence, this matrix efficiently encodes the information of a shortest \(uv\)-path for any \(u,v\in G\) : indeed, to go from \(u\) to \(v\) you should first find a shortest \(uP[u,v]\)-path, then jump from \(P[u,v]\) to \(v\) as it is one of its outneighbors. Apply recursively and find out what the whole path is !.
The matrix of distances.
This matrix has size \(n^2\) and associates to any \(uv\) the distance from \(u\) to \(v\).
The vector of eccentricities.
This vector of size \(n\) encodes for each vertex \(v\) the distance to vertex which is furthest from \(v\) in the graph. In particular, the diameter of the graph is the maximum of these values.
What does it take as input ?
gg
a (Di)Graph.unsigned short * predecessors
– a pointer toward an array of size \(n^2\cdot\text{sizeof(unsigned short)}\). Set toNULL
if you do not want to compute the predecessors.unsigned short * distances
– a pointer toward an array of size \(n^2\cdot\text{sizeof(unsigned short)}\). The computation of the distances is necessary for the algorithm, so this value can not be set toNULL
.int * eccentricity
– a pointer toward an array of size \(n\cdot\text{sizeof(int)}\). Set toNULL
if you do not want to compute the eccentricity.
Technical details
The vertices are encoded as \(1, ..., n\) as they appear in the ordering of
G.vertices(sort=True)
, unless another ordering is specified by the user.Because this function works on matrices whose size is quadratic compared to the number of vertices when computing all distances or predecessors, it uses short variables to store the vertices’ names instead of long ones to divide by 2 the size in memory. This means that only the diameter/eccentricities can be computed on a graph of more than 65536 nodes. For information, the current version of the algorithm on a graph with \(65536=2^{16}\) nodes creates in memory \(2\) tables on \(2^{32}\) short elements (2bytes each), for a total of \(2^{33}\) bytes or \(8\) gigabytes. In order to support larger sizes, we would have to replace shorts by 32-bits int or 64-bits int, which would then require respectively 16GB or 32GB.
In the C version of these functions, infinite distances are represented with
<unsigned short> -1 = 65535
forunsigned short
variables, and byINT32_MAX
otherwise. These case happens when the input is a disconnected graph, or a non-strongly-connected digraph.A memory error is raised when data structures allocation failed. This could happen with large graphs on computers with low memory space.
Warning
The function all_pairs_shortest_path_BFS
has no reason to be called
by the user, even though he would be writing his code in Cython and look for
efficiency. This module contains wrappers for this function that feed it
with the good parameters. As the function is inlined, using those wrappers
actually saves time as it should avoid testing the parameters again and
again in the main function’s body.
AUTHOR:
Nathann Cohen (2011)
David Coudert (2014) – 2sweep, multi-sweep and iFUB for diameter computation
Functions#
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.antipodal_graph(G)#
Return the antipodal graph of \(G\).
The antipodal graph of a graph \(G\) has the same vertex set of \(G\) and two vertices are adjacent if their distance in \(G\) is equal to the diameter of \(G\).
This method first computes the eccentricity of all vertices and determines the diameter of the graph. Then, it for each vertex \(u\) with eccentricity the diameter, it computes BFS distances from \(u\) and add an edge in the antipodal graph for each vertex \(v\) at diamter distance from \(u\) (i.e., for each antipodal vertex).
The drawback of this method is that some BFS distances may be computed twice, one time to determine the eccentricities and another time is the vertex has eccentricity equal to the diameter. However, in practive, this is much more efficient. See the documentation of method
c_eccentricity_DHV()
.EXAMPLES:
The antipodal graph of a grid graph has only 2 edges:
sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import antipodal_graph sage: G = graphs.Grid2dGraph(5, 5) sage: A = antipodal_graph(G) sage: A.order(), A.size() (25, 2)
The antipodal graph of a disjoint union of cliques is its complement:
sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import antipodal_graph sage: G = graphs.CompleteGraph(3) * 3 sage: A = antipodal_graph(G) sage: A.is_isomorphic(G.complement()) True
The antipodal graph can also be constructed as the
sage.graphs.generic_graph.distance_graph()
for diameter distance:sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import antipodal_graph sage: G = graphs.RandomGNP(10, .2) sage: A = antipodal_graph(G) sage: B = G.distance_graph(G.diameter()) sage: A.is_isomorphic(B) True
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.diameter(G, algorithm=None, source=None)#
Return the diameter of \(G\).
This method returns Infinity if the (di)graph is not connected. It can also quickly return a lower bound on the diameter using the
2sweep
,2Dsweep
andmulti-sweep
schemes.INPUT:
algorithm
– string (default:None
); specifies the algorithm to use among:'standard'
– Computes the diameter of the input (di)graph as the largest eccentricity of its vertices. This is the classical algorithm with time complexity in \(O(nm)\).'2sweep'
– Computes a lower bound on the diameter of an unweighted undirected graph using 2 BFS, as proposed in [MLH2008]. It first selects a vertex \(v\) that is at largest distance from an initial vertex source using BFS. Then it performs a second BFS from \(v\). The largest distance from \(v\) is returned as a lower bound on the diameter of \(G\). The time complexity of this algorithm is linear in the size of \(G\).'2Dsweep'
– Computes lower bound on the diameter of an unweighted directed graph using directed version of2sweep
as proposed in [Broder2000]. If the digraph is not strongly connected, the returned value is infinity.'DHV'
– Computes diameter of unweighted undirected graph using the algorithm proposed in [Dragan2018].'multi-sweep'
– Computes a lower bound on the diameter of an unweighted undirected graph using several iterations of the2sweep
algorithms [CGHLM2013]. Roughly, it first uses2sweep
to identify two vertices \(u\) and \(v\) that are far apart. Then it selects a vertex \(w\) that is at same distance from \(u\) and \(v\). This vertex \(w\) will serve as the new source for another iteration of the2sweep
algorithm that may improve the current lower bound on the diameter. This process is repeated as long as the lower bound on the diameter is improved.'iFUB'
– The iFUB (iterative Fringe Upper Bound) algorithm, proposed in [CGILM2010], computes the exact value of the diameter of an unweighted undirected graph. It is based on the following observation:The diameter of the graph is equal to the maximum eccentricity of a vertex. Let \(v\) be any vertex, and let \(V\) be partitionned into \(A\cup B\) where:
\[\begin{split}d(v,a) \leq i, \forall a \in A\\ d(v,b) \geq i, \forall b \in B\end{split}\]As all vertices from \(A\) are at distance \(\leq 2i\) from each other, a vertex \(a\in A\) with eccentricity \(ecc(a)>2i\) is at distance \(ecc(a)\) from some vertex \(b\in B\).
Consequently, if we have already computed the maximum eccentricity \(m\) of all vertices in \(B\) and if \(m>2i\), then we do not need to compute the eccentricity of the vertices in \(A\).
Starting from a vertex \(v\) obtained through a multi-sweep computation (which refines the 4sweep algorithm used in [CGHLM2013]), we compute the diameter by computing the eccentricity of all vertices sorted decreasingly according to their distance to \(v\), and stop as allowed by the remark above. The worst case time complexity of the iFUB algorithm is \(O(nm)\), but it can be very fast in practice.
'DiFUB'
– The directed version of iFUB (iterative Fringe Upper Bound) algorithm. See the code’s documentation and [CGLM2012] for more details. If the digraph is not strongly connected, the returned value is infinity.
source
– (default:None
) vertex from which to start the first BFS. Ifsource==None
, an arbitrary vertex of the graph is chosen. Raise an error if the initial vertex is not in \(G\). This parameter is not used whenalgorithm=='standard'
.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import diameter sage: G = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: diameter(G, algorithm='iFUB') 2 sage: G = Graph({0: [], 1: [], 2: [1]}) sage: diameter(G, algorithm='iFUB') +Infinity sage: G = digraphs.Circuit(6) sage: diameter(G, algorithm='2Dsweep') 5 sage: G = graphs.PathGraph(7).to_directed() sage: diameter(G, algorithm='DiFUB') 6
Although max( ) is usually defined as -Infinity, since the diameter will never be negative, we define it to be zero:
sage: G = graphs.EmptyGraph() sage: diameter(G, algorithm='iFUB') 0
Comparison of exact algorithms for graphs:
sage: # needs networkx sage: G = graphs.RandomBarabasiAlbert(100, 2) sage: d1 = diameter(G, algorithm='standard') sage: d2 = diameter(G, algorithm='iFUB') sage: d3 = diameter(G, algorithm='iFUB', source=G.random_vertex()) sage: d4 = diameter(G, algorithm='DHV') sage: if d1 != d2 or d1 != d3 or d1 != d4: print("Something goes wrong!")
Comparison of lower bound algorithms:
sage: lb2 = diameter(G, algorithm='2sweep') # needs networkx sage: lbm = diameter(G, algorithm='multi-sweep') # needs networkx sage: if not (lb2 <= lbm and lbm <= d3): print("Something goes wrong!") # needs networkx
Comparison of exact algorithms for digraphs:
sage: # needs networkx sage: D = DiGraph(graphs.RandomBarabasiAlbert(50, 2)) sage: d1 = diameter(D, algorithm='standard') sage: d2 = diameter(D, algorithm='DiFUB') sage: d3 = diameter(D, algorithm='DiFUB', source=D.random_vertex()) sage: d1 == d2 and d1 == d3 True
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.distances_all_pairs(G)#
Return the matrix of distances in G.
This function returns a double dictionary
D
of vertices, in which the distance between verticesu
andv
isD[u][v]
.EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import distances_all_pairs sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: distances_all_pairs(g) {0: {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 2, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 2, 7: 2, 8: 2, 9: 2}, 1: {0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 2, 6: 1, 7: 2, 8: 2, 9: 2}, 2: {0: 2, 1: 1, 2: 0, 3: 1, 4: 2, 5: 2, 6: 2, 7: 1, 8: 2, 9: 2}, 3: {0: 2, 1: 2, 2: 1, 3: 0, 4: 1, 5: 2, 6: 2, 7: 2, 8: 1, 9: 2}, 4: {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 1, 4: 0, 5: 2, 6: 2, 7: 2, 8: 2, 9: 1}, 5: {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 0, 6: 2, 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 2}, 6: {0: 2, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 2, 6: 0, 7: 2, 8: 1, 9: 1}, 7: {0: 2, 1: 2, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 1, 6: 2, 7: 0, 8: 2, 9: 1}, 8: {0: 2, 1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 1, 4: 2, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 2, 8: 0, 9: 2}, 9: {0: 2, 1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 2, 4: 1, 5: 2, 6: 1, 7: 1, 8: 2, 9: 0}}
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.distances_and_predecessors_all_pairs(G)#
Return the matrix of distances in G and the matrix of predecessors.
Distances : the matrix \(M\) returned is of length \(n^2\), and the distance between vertices \(u\) and \(v\) is \(M[u,v]\). The integer corresponding to a vertex is its index in the list
G.vertices(sort=True)
.Predecessors : the matrix \(P\) returned has size \(n^2\), and is such that vertex \(P[u,v]\) is a predecessor of \(v\) on a shortest \(uv\)-path. Hence, this matrix efficiently encodes the information of a shortest \(uv\)-path for any \(u,v\in G\) : indeed, to go from \(u\) to \(v\) you should first find a shortest \(uP[u,v]\)-path, then jump from \(P[u,v]\) to \(v\) as it is one of its outneighbors.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import distances_and_predecessors_all_pairs sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: distances_and_predecessors_all_pairs(g) ({0: {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 2, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 2, 7: 2, 8: 2, 9: 2}, 1: {0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 2, 6: 1, 7: 2, 8: 2, 9: 2}, 2: {0: 2, 1: 1, 2: 0, 3: 1, 4: 2, 5: 2, 6: 2, 7: 1, 8: 2, 9: 2}, 3: {0: 2, 1: 2, 2: 1, 3: 0, 4: 1, 5: 2, 6: 2, 7: 2, 8: 1, 9: 2}, 4: {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 1, 4: 0, 5: 2, 6: 2, 7: 2, 8: 2, 9: 1}, 5: {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 0, 6: 2, 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 2}, 6: {0: 2, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 2, 6: 0, 7: 2, 8: 1, 9: 1}, 7: {0: 2, 1: 2, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 1, 6: 2, 7: 0, 8: 2, 9: 1}, 8: {0: 2, 1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 1, 4: 2, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 2, 8: 0, 9: 2}, 9: {0: 2, 1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 2, 4: 1, 5: 2, 6: 1, 7: 1, 8: 2, 9: 0}}, {0: {0: None, 1: 0, 2: 1, 3: 4, 4: 0, 5: 0, 6: 1, 7: 5, 8: 5, 9: 4}, 1: {0: 1, 1: None, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 0, 5: 0, 6: 1, 7: 2, 8: 6, 9: 6}, 2: {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: None, 3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 7, 6: 1, 7: 2, 8: 3, 9: 7}, 3: {0: 4, 1: 2, 2: 3, 3: None, 4: 3, 5: 8, 6: 8, 7: 2, 8: 3, 9: 4}, 4: {0: 4, 1: 0, 2: 3, 3: 4, 4: None, 5: 0, 6: 9, 7: 9, 8: 3, 9: 4}, 5: {0: 5, 1: 0, 2: 7, 3: 8, 4: 0, 5: None, 6: 8, 7: 5, 8: 5, 9: 7}, 6: {0: 1, 1: 6, 2: 1, 3: 8, 4: 9, 5: 8, 6: None, 7: 9, 8: 6, 9: 6}, 7: {0: 5, 1: 2, 2: 7, 3: 2, 4: 9, 5: 7, 6: 9, 7: None, 8: 5, 9: 7}, 8: {0: 5, 1: 6, 2: 3, 3: 8, 4: 3, 5: 8, 6: 8, 7: 5, 8: None, 9: 6}, 9: {0: 4, 1: 6, 2: 7, 3: 4, 4: 9, 5: 7, 6: 9, 7: 9, 8: 6, 9: None}})
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.distances_distribution(G)#
Return the distances distribution of the (di)graph in a dictionary.
This method ignores all edge labels, so that the distance considered is the topological distance.
OUTPUT:
A dictionary
d
such that the number of pairs of vertices at distancek
(if any) is equal to \(d[k] \cdot |V(G)| \cdot (|V(G)|-1)\).Note
We consider that two vertices that do not belong to the same connected component are at infinite distance, and we do not take the trivial pairs of vertices \((v, v)\) at distance \(0\) into account. Empty (di)graphs and (di)graphs of order 1 have no paths and so we return the empty dictionary
{}
.EXAMPLES:
An empty Graph:
sage: g = Graph() sage: g.distances_distribution() {}
A Graph of order 1:
sage: g = Graph() sage: g.add_vertex(1) sage: g.distances_distribution() {}
A Graph of order 2 without edge:
sage: g = Graph() sage: g.add_vertices([1,2]) sage: g.distances_distribution() {+Infinity: 1}
The Petersen Graph:
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: g.distances_distribution() {1: 1/3, 2: 2/3}
A graph with multiple disconnected components:
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: g.add_edge('good','wine') sage: g.distances_distribution() {1: 8/33, 2: 5/11, +Infinity: 10/33}
The de Bruijn digraph dB(2,3):
sage: D = digraphs.DeBruijn(2,3) # needs sage.combinat sage: D.distances_distribution() # needs sage.combinat {1: 1/4, 2: 11/28, 3: 5/14}
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.eccentricity(G, algorithm='standard', vertex_list=None)#
Return the vector of eccentricities in G.
The array returned is of length \(n\), and its \(i\)-th component is the eccentricity of the ith vertex in
G.vertices(sort=True)
.INPUT:
G
– a Graph or a DiGraph.algorithm
– string (default:'standard'
); name of the method used to compute the eccentricity of the vertices.'standard'
– Computes eccentricity by performing a BFS from each vertex.'bounds'
– Computes eccentricity using the fast algorithm proposed in [TK2013] for undirected graphs.'DHV'
– Computes all eccentricities of undirected graph using the algorithm proposed in [Dragan2018].
vertex_list
– list (default:None
); a list of \(n\) vertices specifying a mapping from \((0, \ldots, n-1)\) to vertex labels in \(G\). When set,ecc[i]
is the eccentricity of vertexvertex_list[i]
. Whenvertex_list
isNone
,ecc[i]
is the eccentricity of vertexG.vertices(sort=True)[i]
.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import eccentricity sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: eccentricity(g) [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2] sage: g.add_edge(0, g.add_vertex()) sage: V = list(g) sage: eccentricity(g, vertex_list=V) [2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3] sage: eccentricity(g, vertex_list=V[::-1]) [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2]
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.floyd_warshall(gg, paths=True, distances=False)#
Compute the shortest path/distances between all pairs of vertices.
For more information on the Floyd-Warshall algorithm, see the Wikipedia article Floyd-Warshall_algorithm.
INPUT:
gg
– the graph on which to work.paths
– boolean (default:True
); whether to return the dictionary of shortest pathsdistances
– boolean (default:False
); whether to return the dictionary of distances
OUTPUT:
Depending on the input, this function return the dictionary of paths, the dictionary of distances, or a pair of dictionaries
(distances, paths)
wheredistance[u][v]
denotes the distance of a shortest path from \(u\) to \(v\) andpaths[u][v]
denotes an inneighbor \(w\) of \(v\) such that \(dist(u,v) = 1 + dist(u,w)\).Warning
Because this function works on matrices whose size is quadratic compared to the number of vertices, it uses short variables instead of long ones to divide by 2 the size in memory. This means that the current implementation does not run on a graph of more than 65536 nodes (this can be easily changed if necessary, but would require much more memory. It may be worth writing two versions). For information, the current version of the algorithm on a graph with \(65536 = 2^{16}\) nodes creates in memory \(2\) tables on \(2^{32}\) short elements (2bytes each), for a total of \(2^{34}\) bytes or \(16\) gigabytes. Let us also remember that if the memory size is quadratic, the algorithm runs in cubic time.
Note
When
paths = False
the algorithm saves roughly half of the memory as it does not have to maintain the matrix of predecessors. However, settingdistances=False
produces no such effect as the algorithm can not run without computing them. They will not be returned, but they will be stored while the method is running.EXAMPLES:
Shortest paths in a small grid
sage: g = graphs.Grid2dGraph(2,2) sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import floyd_warshall sage: print(floyd_warshall(g)) {(0, 0): {(0, 0): None, (0, 1): (0, 0), (1, 0): (0, 0), (1, 1): (0, 1)}, (0, 1): {(0, 1): None, (0, 0): (0, 1), (1, 0): (0, 0), (1, 1): (0, 1)}, (1, 0): {(1, 0): None, (0, 0): (1, 0), (0, 1): (0, 0), (1, 1): (1, 0)}, (1, 1): {(1, 1): None, (0, 0): (0, 1), (0, 1): (1, 1), (1, 0): (1, 1)}}
Checking the distances are correct
sage: g = graphs.Grid2dGraph(5,5) sage: dist,path = floyd_warshall(g, distances=True) sage: all(dist[u][v] == g.distance(u, v) for u in g for v in g) True
Checking a random path is valid
sage: u,v = g.random_vertex(), g.random_vertex() sage: p = [v] sage: while p[0] is not None: ....: p.insert(0,path[u][p[0]]) sage: len(p) == dist[u][v] + 2 True
Distances for all pairs of vertices in a diamond:
sage: g = graphs.DiamondGraph() sage: floyd_warshall(g, paths=False, distances=True) {0: {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2}, 1: {0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 1, 3: 1}, 2: {0: 1, 1: 1, 2: 0, 3: 1}, 3: {0: 2, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 0}}
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.is_distance_regular(G, parameters=False)#
Test if the graph is distance-regular
A graph \(G\) is distance-regular if for any integers \(j,k\) the value of \(|\{x:d_G(x,u)=j,x\in V(G)\} \cap \{y:d_G(y,v)=j,y\in V(G)\}|\) is constant for any two vertices \(u,v\in V(G)\) at distance \(i\) from each other. In particular \(G\) is regular, of degree \(b_0\) (see below), as one can take \(u=v\).
Equivalently a graph is distance-regular if there exist integers \(b_i,c_i\) such that for any two vertices \(u,v\) at distance \(i\) we have
\(b_i = |\{x:d_G(x,u)=i+1,x\in V(G)\}\cap N_G(v)\}|, \ 0\leq i\leq d-1\)
\(c_i = |\{x:d_G(x,u)=i-1,x\in V(G)\}\cap N_G(v)\}|, \ 1\leq i\leq d,\)
where \(d\) is the diameter of the graph. For more information on distance-regular graphs, see the Wikipedia article Distance-regular_graph.
INPUT:
parameters
– boolean (default:False
); if set toTrue
, the function returns the pair(b, c)
of lists of integers instead of a boolean answer (see the definition above)
See also
EXAMPLES:
sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: g.is_distance_regular() True sage: g.is_distance_regular(parameters = True) ([3, 2, None], [None, 1, 1])
Cube graphs, which are not strongly regular, are a bit more interesting:
sage: graphs.CubeGraph(4).is_distance_regular() True sage: graphs.OddGraph(5).is_distance_regular() True
Disconnected graph:
sage: (2*graphs.CubeGraph(4)).is_distance_regular() True
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.radius_DHV(G)#
Return the radius of unweighted graph \(G\).
This method computes the radius of unweighted undirected graph using the algorithm given in [Dragan2018].
This method returns Infinity if graph is not connected.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import radius_DHV sage: G = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: radius_DHV(G) 2 sage: G = graphs.RandomGNP(20,0.3) sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import eccentricity sage: radius_DHV(G) == min(eccentricity(G, algorithm='bounds')) True
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.shortest_path_all_pairs(G)#
Return the matrix of predecessors in G.
The matrix \(P\) returned has size \(n^2\), and is such that vertex \(P[u,v]\) is a predecessor of \(v\) on a shortest \(uv\)-path. Hence, this matrix efficiently encodes the information of a shortest \(uv\)-path for any \(u,v\in G\) : indeed, to go from \(u\) to \(v\) you should first find a shortest \(uP[u,v]\)-path, then jump from \(P[u,v]\) to \(v\) as it is one of its outneighbors.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import shortest_path_all_pairs sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: shortest_path_all_pairs(g) {0: {0: None, 1: 0, 2: 1, 3: 4, 4: 0, 5: 0, 6: 1, 7: 5, 8: 5, 9: 4}, 1: {0: 1, 1: None, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 0, 5: 0, 6: 1, 7: 2, 8: 6, 9: 6}, 2: {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: None, 3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 7, 6: 1, 7: 2, 8: 3, 9: 7}, 3: {0: 4, 1: 2, 2: 3, 3: None, 4: 3, 5: 8, 6: 8, 7: 2, 8: 3, 9: 4}, 4: {0: 4, 1: 0, 2: 3, 3: 4, 4: None, 5: 0, 6: 9, 7: 9, 8: 3, 9: 4}, 5: {0: 5, 1: 0, 2: 7, 3: 8, 4: 0, 5: None, 6: 8, 7: 5, 8: 5, 9: 7}, 6: {0: 1, 1: 6, 2: 1, 3: 8, 4: 9, 5: 8, 6: None, 7: 9, 8: 6, 9: 6}, 7: {0: 5, 1: 2, 2: 7, 3: 2, 4: 9, 5: 7, 6: 9, 7: None, 8: 5, 9: 7}, 8: {0: 5, 1: 6, 2: 3, 3: 8, 4: 3, 5: 8, 6: 8, 7: 5, 8: None, 9: 6}, 9: {0: 4, 1: 6, 2: 7, 3: 4, 4: 9, 5: 7, 6: 9, 7: 9, 8: 6, 9: None}}
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.szeged_index(G, algorithm=None)#
Return the Szeged index of the graph \(G\).
Let \(G = (V, E)\) be a connected graph, and for any \(uv\in E\), let \(N_u(uv) = \{w\in V:d(u,w)<d(v,w)\}\) and \(n_u(uv)=|N_u(uv)|\). The Szeged index of \(G\) is then defined as [KRG1996]
\[`\sum_{uv \in E(G)}n_u(uv)\times n_v(uv)`\]See the Wikipedia article Szeged_index for more details.
INPUT:
G
– a Sage graphalgorithm
– string (default:None
); algorithm to use among:"low"
– algorithm with time complexity in \(O(nm)\) and space complexity in \(O(m)\). This implementation is currently valid only for simple (without loops or multiple edges) connected graphs."high"
– algorithm with time complexity in \(O(nm)\) and space complexity in \(O(n^2)\). It cannot be used on graphs with more than \(65536 = 2^{16}\) vertices.
By default (
None
), the"low"
algorithm is used for graphs and the"high"
algorithm for digraphs.
EXAMPLES:
True for any connected graph [KRG1996]:
sage: from sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs import szeged_index sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph() sage: g.wiener_index() <= szeged_index(g) True
True for all trees [KRG1996]:
sage: g = Graph() sage: g.add_edges(graphs.CubeGraph(5).min_spanning_tree()) sage: g.wiener_index() == szeged_index(g) True
Check that both algorithms return same value:
sage: # long time sage: G = graphs.RandomBarabasiAlbert(100, 2) sage: a = szeged_index(G, algorithm='low') sage: b = szeged_index(G, algorithm='high') sage: a == b True
The Szeged index of a directed circuit of order \(n\) is \((n-1)^2\):
sage: [digraphs.Circuit(n).szeged_index() for n in range(1, 8)] [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36]
- sage.graphs.distances_all_pairs.wiener_index(G)#
Return the Wiener index of the graph.
The Wiener index of an undirected graph \(G\) is defined as \(W(G) = \frac{1}{2} \sum_{u,v\in G} d(u,v)\) where \(d(u,v)\) denotes the distance between vertices \(u\) and \(v\) (see [KRG1996]).
The Wiener index of a directed graph \(G\) is defined as the sum of the distances between each pairs of vertices, \(W(G) = \sum_{u,v\in G} d(u,v)\).
EXAMPLES:
From [GYLL1993], cited in [KRG1996]:
sage: g=graphs.PathGraph(10) sage: w=lambda x: (x*(x*x -1)/6) sage: g.wiener_index()==w(10) True
Wiener index of complete (di)graphs:
sage: n = 5 sage: g = graphs.CompleteGraph(n) sage: g.wiener_index() == (n * (n - 1)) / 2 True sage: g = digraphs.Complete(n) sage: g.wiener_index() == n * (n - 1) True
Wiener index of a graph of order 1:
sage: Graph(1).wiener_index() 0
The Wiener index is not defined on the empty graph:
sage: Graph().wiener_index() Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: Wiener index is not defined for the empty graph


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