Setting a private key will make it effectively impossible to determine your master password from any site password by brute force attack without the private key (even if you have a weak master passphrase). Just be sure that you never lose your private key file!
If you were using an older version of Entropass without a private key, you may need to use the button below to enable backwards compatibility. This will overwrite the private key if one is currently saved.
If you enter your passphrase below, a hash of it will be saved in order to verify that you type the same passphrase every time. If you type a different passphrase on accident, you will be alerted.
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Next Arsenal manager: The man to replace Unai Emery predicted by Football Manager 2020
Unai Emery has left his role as Arsenal Head Coach today after a period of poor results and performances, but who could replace him?
by Nathan BlissAfter weeks of constant speculation regarding his future, Arsenal have today parted company Unai Emery and his staff, following a disappointing 1-2 home defeat against Eintracht Frankfurt in the Europa League on Thursday evening.
The defeat on Thursday was the final straw for the Spaniard at Arsenal, but the Gunners have been in poor form for a while now, as they sit in eighth place in the Premier League after earning just 18 points from their opening 13 games.
With Emery gone, all of the focus is on predicting his successor at the club.
Former Spurs manager Mauricio Pochettino is available and would be a controversial choice considering his previous loyalty to Spurs.
So, who will be appointed Arsenal's next manager?
We used Football Manager 2020 to predict who could become Arsenal's new manager.
Arsenal's next manager in 2019/20
To set up this prediction, we loaded up the Football Manager 2020 editor and updated the latest managerial changes, including Pochettino's sacking and Mourinho's appointment, to make it as realistic as possible.
We then loaded up a brand new career mode and used the in-game editor to sack Emery instantly, giving Arsenal a decision to make.
The speculation about the next manager was intense over the first few days, with loads of managers linked with the vacant role at the Emirates.
Napoli manager Carlo Ancelotti had to come out and deny the rumours linking him with the role, declaring himself happy at Napoli.
Rumours then emerged that former Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri had interviewed for the role, but he was eventually unveiled as the new Bayern Munich manager, it was not known if he rejected the Gunners.
Another candidate that was reportedly interviewed for the role was former AS Roma and Inter Milan manager Luciano Spalletti, who would certainly be another under whelming appointment by the Gunners.
But, after weeks of speculation, Arsenal welcomed a club legend back to the club as manager.
Patrick Vieira was unveiled as Arsenal's new manager, replacing Unai Emery.
This is how the Frenchman's managerial profile looks in-game.
He doesn't have any standout attributes particularly and is average in most areas, but he does excel in defensive coaching.
Vieira's preferred tacitical style is 'Fluid Counter-Attack', with a preferred formation of 4-2-3-1 and a standard playing style, not particularly focused on passing or more direct play.
So, there you have it, Football Manager 2020 predicts that Patrick Vieira will be the next manager of Arsenal, with the club going for a manager with previous connections to the club.
Would you be happy with this appointment?
Follow Esports and gaming writer Nathan Bliss on social media
To follow Nathan on Twitter, click here.
To follow Reach Gaming on Twitter, click here.
To follow Nathan on Facebook, click here.
It would certainly be popular with the fanbase, but would it be successful?


Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum."
“X” Rachel Farkas, Curator of Collections
Through December, 2018
Boston Children’s Museum
308 Congress Street
Boston, MA
http://www.bostonchildrensmuseum.org
May 6 – December
Abraham’s art (including jewelry) and Scott Sutherland’s marvelous
photos will be exhibited at Cushing-Martin Hall, Stonehill College,
Easton, MA. The exhibit will be curated by students in Public History course 380.
May 1 – October 31
Abraham’s Candlestick Telephone will be on display at the New England Telephone Museum in Warner, NH.
April – December
Abraham’s culinary items and animals will be on exhibit at the Boston Children’s Museum, cafeteria display windows.
Our American Stories, Friday, June 15, 2018, national radio broadcast
(http://www.ouramericannetwork.org/story?title=From-Scrap-to-Sculptures)
“Find small wonders at ‘Metal Miniatures’ exhibit in Attleboro,” by Paige Allen, Staff Writer, The Sun Chronicle (Attleboro),July 10, 2014
(http://www.thesunchronicle.com/devices/features/stories/find-small-wonders-at-metal-miniatures-exhibit-in-attleboro/article_a9370132-0cf5-514e-a7e7-6f05c8936ed4.html)
“At WSU, One Non-traditional Student Finds Non-traditional Pathways,” New Worcester Spy, March 14, 2018.
(http://newworcesterspy.net/at-wsu-one-non-traditional-student-finds-non-traditional-pathways/)


fetch_email id from web¶
Introduction¶
Fetch_emails project scraps email from the url provided as an input. This project is an inspiration to extract emails from a single website. It can be extended by combining with a web-crawler.
Note
Input edit a variable in main.py
Note
Output excel file with name 'k_faculty.xls'
Setup¶
Dowload the source code from https://github.com/sriram161/fetch_professor
Install requirements using command
pip install requirements.txt
Execution¶
Bowser to main.py file in the fetch_professor root folder.
Assign your desired URL to the python global variable
URL_K_FACULTY = "https://xxxxxxx.xxx.xxx/kifaculty/"
Via CMD/SHELL execute command
$python main.py


Go Recipes - The param package
Table of Contents
The param package
All the programs under github.com/nickwells use a common package for handling parameters. This package is called param and it offers a range of features to make it easier to use the programs.
For other recipes see here.
Help
Summary
The param package allows the programmer to generate a comprehensive manual. This manual can be accessed through the common parameters that param provides. In addition to sections describing the available parameters, the manual can also have sections of notes describing features of the program, examples of program usage and references to other programs.
The following gives the standard help message for a command called prog:
prog -help
For the complete help message:
prog -help-full
You can get help on individual parameters; this can be useful if you just want to know what a single parameter does. This gives help just for the help parameter itself:
prog -help-param help
You can get help on groups of parameters; this gives help just for the collection of common help parameters:
prog -help-group common.params-help
Applying a parameter every time your program runs
Summary
if you want to run your program with a set of common parameters every time you can put these parameters in a configuration file or in environment variables. To see if your program has any alternative parameter sources defined, run it as follows.
prog -help-show sources
Note that parameter names in configuration files don't start with a leading dash. Any environment variables will start with a program-specific prefix and any dashes in the parameter name will be replaced with an underscore.
Discussion
You add parameters to the configuration file, one per line, with the parameter name (no leading dash) at the start of the line followed by an equals ("=") and then the parameter value. If the parameter does not take a value you can just give the parameter name. Blank lines are ignored and white space around the parts of the line are ignored. You can comment the file: any text from a "#" to the end of line is ignored. You can also keep configuration parameters in other files and import them with an @include directive. This might be more useful for commands with a lot more configuration parameters especially ones shared between multiple programs.
At first it might seem that the configuration file pathnames are unnecessarily long but they are chosen to ensure uniqueness when each program may potentially have its own configuration file and other competing naming systems might be in use. The directories holding the files are named for the Go module name and the base directories are named according to the XDG spec.
All the Go programs under github.com/nickwells use the same standard for configuration file naming, they are of the form:
XDG-config-directory / Go-module / program-or-package / common.cfg
Command line parameter completion
Most modern shells offer command-specific parameter completion at the command prompt, the param package can help set this up.
Summary
If you are using zsh you can get your program to generate the parameter expansion file to support this. To find out more details run your program as follows:
prog -help-group common.params-completion
You will only need to generate the file once though you might want to repeat this (replaceing the old completion file with a new one) when you upgrade your program to a more recent version with more parameters.
If you want to generate a new completions file or replace an existing one you will also need to specify where the completion file should be written.
Note that there is a single configuration file for parameter completion that is shared between all programs using the github.com/nickwells/param.mod/v5/param package. You can set the completions directory once in that file and then you won't need to set it for each program when you are building the completion rules.
Troubleshooting
If a program has several configuration files and environment prefixes that can be used to set parameters it can be hard to understand what parameters are being set and where. This can make you program behaviour hard to understand. Another problem can arise when you have configuration files shared between several programs. The param package offers some standard parameters to help you debug this.
The first parameter that you might find useful shows if and where the available parameters have been set. Run your program as follows:
prog -params-show-where-set
If you have a configuration file shared between programs (which can be useful when you have a suite of programs which share some configuration) it can happen that you have misspelled some parameter names. To identify unused parameters run your program as follows:
prog -params-show-unused
You can also use the common parameters to control the behaviour around error handling.


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Chilean protesters use lasers against police choppers: video
by News DeskBEIRUT, LEBANON (11:00 P.M.) – Chilean protesters used lasers recently in an attempt to distract police choppers from zeroing in on their demonstrations.
BEIRUT, LEBANON (11:00 P.M.) – Chilean protesters used lasers recently in an attempt to distract police choppers from zeroing in on their demonstrations.


Hangman - Dog Breeds
Guess the word by typing a letter on your keyboard. Use the picture as your hint.
Start Game
Guess the breed:
Guesses Made:
Guesses Left:
Losses:
Wins:


Mushroom I.Q. Tester
Jump adjacent mushrooms and try to leave only one mushroom on the board.
Restart


Shop by Category on Gilt’s iPhone and iPad Apps
Did you know you can now use the Gilt iPhone and iPad apps to shop Gilt by product category?! Tap on the search bar to reveal the “Shop by Category” feature and search for “shoes,” “dresses,” “sofas,” or any other type of item you’re looking for, more quickly and easily. And never miss a deal!
To use Shop by Category on your iPad, tap on the “Shop By Category” bar that sits right underneath our store selector to reveal a visual list of categories that you can shop from:
Share your feedback on this customer-guided new feature by emailing our mobile team at iphonefeedback@gilt.com.


BrainPad Intro
The BrainPad is a revolutionized board for STEM and STEAM programs. It is very simple with much to offer out of the box, yet it is expandable. It is simple enough that a beginner can start with, but powerful that an advanced user can use it to expand their knowledge. It works with higher elementary kids to a retired person.
Visit the official BrainPad website at www.brainpad.com
This video shows a 6-year-old using a PC for the first time! And her first PC experience was in programming the BrainPad.
The BrainPad design is based on the TinYCLR OS's official FEZ hardware. This means that the BrainPad will always receive the latest TinyCLR OS updates.
The Future Plan
We want your feedback. After years of work with hundreds of students, the BrainPad setup is simple and works through the TinyCLR OS ecosystem of boards. However, we are constantly working on making the use of the BrainPad yet simpler.
This video shows one of the schools we worked with:
The Community
We have been working with local and online communities for years. Hop on our forum and share the discussion now. Or talk to us directly about our next local community gathering. Teachers and students like you are also interested in STEM & STEAM.
Firmware Update
Using TinyCLR Config
(coming soon)
Manual Loading the Firmware
TinyCLR Config tool should be used to update the firmware. As a backup, use the instructions on the bootloader page for manual update.
Here is a video that shows the manual firmware update. It also includes the steps needed for the old BrainPad and steps for updating the bootloader.
The BrainPad uses the FEZCLR firmware
Advance Hardware Info
Advance hardware info are found on the hardware page. Also, learn about the magic TinyCLR OS.
The Original BrainPad
The Original (old) BrainPad (the large one) has been decommissioned. It has served well in working with schools to help us make a lot of decisions.
Tip
You can determine if you have the old BrainPad by looking for the traffic light in the top right corner. Only the old BrainPad has the traffic light.
As a bonus, we will continue to support the original BrainPad with the new software. However, emulating the old display with the new software is severely effecting the system's performance. The display will not be enabled by default. We do not recommend the use of display on the old BrainPad.
Using the Traffic Light
The new software does not include the traffic light as the new BrainPad doesn't have a traffic light. However, this can be added as shown in this video.


To rate this instrument driver, go to the driver download page on the Instrument Driver Network.
Some software components need to be installed before using this instrument driver. The minimum versions of these components are listed below, and can be downloaded from the Download Site.
VISA 15.0 or later
For LabVIEW 8.2 and LabVIEW 2009 Refer to the LabVIEW Help for more information about software requirements. You access the LabVIEW Help by selecting Help»Search the LabVIEW Help.
For LabVIEW 2010 or later Refer to the LabVIEW Help for more information about software requirements. You access the LabVIEW Help by selecting Help»LabVIEW Help.
To report issues or provide feedback about this instrument driver, please send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Error query is not implemented.
The latest version of this and other LabVIEW and LabWindows/CVI instrument drivers can be downloaded at the Instrument Driver Network.
REV 1.0, 09/13/2018
Modified by: Romain PELLETANT, FRANCE.
Original release.


--- layout: post title: "Good names are skin-deep" description: "Good names are important, but insufficient, for code maintainability." date: 2020-11-23 6:33 UTC tags: [Code] image: "/content/binary/vague-names-hiding-clear-names.png" image_alt: "Object with clear names enclosed in object with vague names." --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
You should give the building blocks of your code bases descriptive names. It's easier to understand the purpose of a library, module, class, method, function, etcetera if the name contains a clue about the artefact's purpose. This is hardly controversial, and while naming is hard, most teams I visit agree that names are important.
Still, despite good intentions and efforts to name things well, code bases deteriorate into unmaintainable clutter.
Clearly, good names aren't enough.
A good name is tenuous. First, naming is hard, so while you may have spent some effort coming up with a good name, other people may misinterpret it. Because they originate from natural language, names are as ambiguous as language. (Terse operators, on the other hand...)
Another maintainability problem with names is that implementation may change over time, but the names remain constant. Granted, modern IDEs make it easy to rename methods, but developers rarely adjust names when they adjust behaviour. Even the best names may become misleading over time.
These weakness aren't the worst, though. In my experience, a more fundamental problem is that all it takes is one badly named 'wrapper object' before the information in a good name is lost.
In the figure, the inner object is well-named. It has a clear name and descriptive method names. All it takes before this information is lost, however, is another object with vague names to 'encapsulate' it.
Here's an example. Imagine an online restaurant reservation system. One of the features of this system is to take reservations and save them in the database.
A restaurant, however, is a finite resource. It can only accommodate a certain number of guests at the same time. Whenever the system receives a reservation request, it'll have to retrieve the existing reservations for that time and make a decision. Can it accept the reservation? Only if it can should it save the reservation.
How do you model such an interaction? How about a descriptive name? How about TrySave
? Here's a possible implementation:
public async Task<bool> TrySave(Reservation reservation) { if (reservation is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(reservation)); var reservations = await Repository .ReadReservations( reservation.At, reservation.At + SeatingDuration) .ConfigureAwait(false); var availableTables = Allocate(reservations); if (!availableTables.Any(t => reservation.Quantity <= t.Seats)) return false; await Repository.Create(reservation).ConfigureAwait(false); return true; }
There's an implicit naming convention in .NET that methods with the Try
prefix indicate an operation that may or may not succeed. The return value of such methods is either true
or false
, and they may also have out
parameters if they optionally produce a value. That's not the case here, but I think one could make the case that TrySave
succinctly describes what's going on.
All is good, then?
After our conscientious programmer meticulously designed and named the above TrySave
method, it turns out that it doesn't meet all requirements. Users of the system file a bug: the system accepts reservations outside the restaurant's opening hours.
The original programmer has moved on to greener pastures, so fixing the bug falls on a poor maintenance developer with too much to do. Having recently learned about the open-closed principle, our new protagonist decides to wrap the existing TrySave
in a new method:
public async Task<bool> Check(Reservation reservation) { if (reservation is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(reservation)); if (reservation.At < DateTime.Now) return false; if (reservation.At.TimeOfDay < OpensAt) return false; if (LastSeating < reservation.At.TimeOfDay) return false; return await Manager.TrySave(reservation).ConfigureAwait(false); }
This new method first checks whether the reservation
is within opening hours and in the future. If that's not the case, it returns false
. Only if these preconditions are fulfilled does it delegate the decision to that TrySave
method.
Notice, however, the name. The bug was urgent, and our poor programmer didn't have time to think of a good name, so Check
it is.
How does this look from the perspective of calling code? Here's the Controller action that handles the pertinent HTTP request:
public async Task<ActionResult> Post(ReservationDto dto) { if (dto is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dto)); Reservation? r = dto.Validate(); if (r is null) return new BadRequestResult(); var isOk = await Manager.Check(r).ConfigureAwait(false); if (!isOk) return new StatusCodeResult(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError); return new NoContentResult(); }
Try to forget the code you've just seen and imagine that you're looking at this code first. You'd be excused if you miss what's going on. It looks as though the method just does a bit of validation and then checks 'something' concerning the reservation.
There's no hint that the Check
method might perform the significant side effect of saving the reservation in the database.
You'll only learn that if you read the implementation details of Check
. As I argue in my Humane Code video, if you have to read the source code of an object, encapsulation is broken.
Such code doesn't fit in your brain. You'll struggle as you try keep track of all the things that are going on in the code, all the way from the outer boundary of the application to implementation details that relate to databases, third-party services, etcetera.
You may think that this is a straw man argument. After all, wouldn't it be better to edit the original TrySave
method?
Perhaps, but it would make that class more complex. The TrySave
method has a cyclomatic complexity of only 3, while the Check
method has a complexity of 5. Combining them might easily take them over some threshold.
Additionally, each of these two classes have different dependencies. As the TrySave
method implies, it relies on both Repository
and SeatingDuration
, and the Allocate
helper method (not shown) uses a third dependency: the restaurant's table configuration.
Likewise, the Check
method relies on OpensAt
and LastSeating
. If you find it better to edit the original TrySave
method, you'd have to combine these dependencies as well. Each time you do that, the class grows until it becomes a God object.
It's rational to attempt to separate things in multiple classes. It also, on the surface, seems to make unit testing easier. For example, here's a test that verifies that the Check
method rejects reservations before the restaurant's opening time:
[Fact] public async Task RejectReservationBeforeOpeningTime() { var r = new Reservation( DateTime.Now.AddDays(10).Date.AddHours(17<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"Cole Aera", 1); var mgrTD = new Mock<IReservationsManager>(); mgrTD.Setup(mgr => mgr.TrySave(r)).ReturnsAsync(true); var sut = new RestaurantManager( TimeSpan.FromHours(18), TimeSpan.FromHours(21), mgrTD.Object); var actual = await sut.Check(r); Assert.False(actual); }
By replacing the TrySave
method by a test double, you've ostensibly decoupled the Check
method from all the complexity of the TrySave
method.
To be clear, this style of programming, with lots of nested interfaces and tests with mocks and stubs is far from ideal, but I still find it better than a big ball of mud.
A better alternative is Functional Core, Imperative Shell, AKA impureim sandwich. Move all impure actions to the edge of the system, leaving only referentially transparent functions as the main implementers of logic. It could look like this:
[HttpPost] public async Task<ActionResult> Post(ReservationDto dto) { if (dto is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dto)); var id = dto.ParseId() ?? Guid.NewGuid(); Reservation? r = dto.Validate(id); if (r is null) return new BadRequestResult(); var reservations = await Repository.ReadReservations(r.At).ConfigureAwait(false); if (!MaitreD.WillAccept(DateTime.Now, reservations, r)) return NoTables500InternalServerError(); await Repository.Create(r).ConfigureAwait(false); return Reservation201Created(r); }
Nothing is swept under the rug here. WillAccept
is a pure function, and while it encapsulates significant complexity, the only thing you need to understand when you're trying to understand the above Post
code is that it returns either true
or false
.
Another advantage of pure functions is that they are intrinsically testable. That makes unit testing and test-driven development easier.
Even with a functional core, you'll also have an imperative shell. You can still test that, too, such as the Post
method. It isn't referentially transparent, so you might be inclined to use mocks and stubs, but I instead recommend state-based testing with a Fake database.
Good names are important, but don't let good names, alone, lull you into a false sense of security. All it takes is one vaguely named wrapper object, and all the information in your meticulously named methods is lost.
This is one of many reasons I try to design with static types instead of names. Not that I dismiss the value of good names. After all, you'll have to give your types good names as well.
 I suppose that's what lovers of dynamically typed languages feel as 'friction'. In my mind, it's entirely opposite. Types keep me honest.
Unfortunately, most type systems don't offer an adequate degree of safety. Even in F#, which has a great type system, you can introduce impure actions into what you thought was a pure function, and you'd be none the wiser. That's one of the reasons I find Haskell so interesting. Because of the way IO works, you can't inadvertently sweep surprises under the rug.
Comments
I find the idea of the impure/pure/impure sandwich rather interesting and I agree with the benefits that it yields. However, I was wondering about where to move synchronization logic, i.e. the reservation system should avoid double bookings. With the initial TrySave approach it would be clear for me where to put this logic: the synchonrization mechanism should be part of the TrySave method. With the impure/pure/impure sandwich, it will move out to the most outer layern (HTTP Controller) - at least this is how I'd see it. My feelings tells me that this is a bit smelly, but I can't really pin point why I think so. Can you give some advice on this? How would you solve that?
Johannes, thank you for writing. There are several ways to address that issue, depending on what sort of trade-off you're looking for. There's always a trade-off.
You can address the issue with a lock-free architecture. This typically involves expressing the desired action as a Command and putting it on a durable queue. If you combine that with a single-threaded, single-instance Actor that pulls Commands off the queue, you need no further transaction processing, because the architecture itself serialises writes. You can find plenty of examples of such an architecture on the internet, including (IIRC) my Pluralsight course Functional Architecture with F#.
Another option is to simply surround the impureim sandwich with a TransactionScope (if you're on .NET, that is).


< Back
A group of undergraduates with a passion for watching movies.
We designed this website to help poor uni students like ourselves get access to free movies


I am an NYC-based software engineer experienced in React, Redux, JavaScript, Ruby on Rails, CSS, and PostgreSQL. I am interested in all things health and technology related. I look forward to working with other open-minded developers on projects and creating valuable content for others.
When I am not coding, you can find me cheering on the New York Giants and Roger Federer, traversing the streets of NYC in search of good food, learning new languages, hiking, and weightlifting.


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|
Standard Reference Data Program |
Data Gateway |
Chemistry WebBook |
Go To: Top, References, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: K.P. Huber and G. Herzberg
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K' 2Σ+ | [528.69 eV] 1 | 528.56 ev | ||||||||||
| Smith and Thomas, 1976 | ||||||||||||
| K 2Σ+ | [282.34 eV] 2 | 282.21 ev | ||||||||||
| Gelius, 1974; Smith and Thomas, 1976 | ||||||||||||
| H 2Σ+ | (~25eV) 3 | |||||||||||
| F (2Σ) | (105690) | (1780) 4 | (30) | (105470) 4 | ||||||||
| Asbrink, Fridh, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
| E (2Σ) | (87140) | (1420) 4 | 86750 4 | |||||||||
| Asbrink, Fridh, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
| G (2Σ) | (73190) | (1400) 4 | 72970 4 | |||||||||
| Asbrink, Fridh, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
| D (2Π) | (65230) | (1350) 4 | (64800) 4 | |||||||||
| Asbrink, Fridh, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
| C (2Δr) | 63012 5 | 1144 6 (Z) | 33.3 | 1.357 6 | 0.024 | 1.346 | C → A R | 42168.5 6 H | ||||
| Marchand, d'Incan, et al., 1969 | ||||||||||||
| C → A R | 41950.9 6 H | |||||||||||
| Marchand, d'Incan, et al., 1969 | ||||||||||||
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
| B 2Σ+ | 45876.7 | 1734.18 Z | 27.927 | 0.3283 | 1.7992 7 8 | 0.03025 | 7.75E-06 | 2.2E-07 | 1.16877 | B → A 9 10 11 V | 25226.0 | |
| Bulthuis, 1934; Rao and Sarma, 1953; missing citation | ||||||||||||
| B ↔ X 9 10 11 12 R | 45633.52 Z | |||||||||||
| missing citation; Herzberg, 1968 | ||||||||||||
| A 2Πi | 20733.3 13 | 1562.06 14 Z | 13.532 | 0.0131 | 1.58940 8 | 0.01942 | 0.0000066 | 1.24377 | A → X 15 10 11 R | 20407.6 16 Z | ||
| missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
| X 2Σ+ | 0 | 2214.24 Z | 15.164 | -0.0007 | 1.97720 17 8 | 0.01896 | 6.35E-06 | 1.11514 18 | ||||
| Dixon and Woods, 1975 |
| 1 | Upper state of oxygen K radiation in CO (See note b of CO). |
| 2 | Upper state of carbon K radiation in CO (See note b of CO). 21 |
| 3 | This highly excited state Siegbahn, Nordling, et al., 1969 Thomas, 1970 is probably unstable and dissociating into C+ + O(3s) as suggested by the photoelectron and photoion spectra of Gardner and Samson, 1975. |
| 4 | Fairly long progressions in the photoelectron spectrum; vibrational numbering uncertain. Predissociation into C+ +O Locht and Durer, 1975. |
| 5 | A ~ +100. |
| 6 | Vibrational numbering uncertain; rotational structure not fully resolved. |
| 7 | Spin-splitting constant γ ~ + 0.018. |
| 8 | RKR potential functions Krupenie and Weissman, 1965, missing citation, Singh and Rai, 1966. |
| 9 | Lifetime τ(v=0) = 55 ± 4 ns Hesser, 1968, Fowler, Skwerski, et al., 1969, Dotchin and Chupp, 1973, Jorgensen and Sorensen, 1975, slight increase with v Hesser, 1968, Dotchin and Chupp, 1973. Electronic branching ratio 1/τ A(B → A) =0.08/τ(B) Judge and Lee, 1972, 1/τ A(B → X) = 0.92/τ(B) Judge and Lee, 1972; f00(B-A) ~ 0.00071, f00(B-X) ~ 0.0065. |
| 10 | Fluorescence by photoexcitation from the ground state X 1Σ+ of CO Judge and Lee, 1972, Lee, Carlson, et al., 1974. |
| 11 | Franck-Condon factors Nicholls, 1962, missing citation, missing citation, Krupenie and Benesch, 1968, Comes and Speier, 1971. Independence of electronic transition moment on r Judge and Lee, 1972, Maier and Holland, 1972; see, however, Robinson and Nicholls, 1960, Joshi, Sastri, et al., 1966, Jain, 1972. |
| 12 | Isotopic bands Shvangiradze, Oganezov, et al., 1960, Pesic, Janjic, et al., 1974. |
| 13 | A = -117.~5. |
| 14 | Vibrational numbering confirmed by isotope studies Asundi, Dhumwad, et al., 1970. |
| 15 | Lifetimes τ(v=1) = 3.49 μs Holland and Maier, 1972, τ(v=3) = 2.78 μs Holland and Maier, 1972, τ(v=4) = 2.63 μs Holland and Maier, 1972, τ(v=6) = 2.41 μs Holland and Maier, 1972. Anderson, Sutherland, et al., 1972 give values that are 10 to 50% higher; earlier values Bennett and Dalby, 1960, Fink and Welge, 1968 are 20% lower. σ Refers to zero point of Hill - Van Vleck formula. |
| 16 | missing note |
| 17 | From the microwave spectrum B0 = 1.967465, spin-splitting constant γ0 = +0.009105. |
| 18 | Microwave sp. |
| 19 | D00(CO) + I.P.(C)-I.P.(CO). |
| 20 | From the electron impact appearance potential of CO++ in CO Dorman and Morrison, 1961, Newton and Sciamanna, 1970, reduced by 0.9 eV following Hurley, 1971; see also 23. |
| 21 | Several higher lying states corresponding to excitation of a second electron have been observed by Gelius, 1974 ("1s shake-up spectrum"). |
| 22 | Rough estimate based on appearance potentials of CO++ from CO Dorman and Morrison, 1961, Newton and Sciamanna, 1970, and taking into account tentative assignments of the carbon and oxygen Auger spectra of CO Siegbahn, Nordling, et al., 1969, Hurley, 1971. |
| 23 | The potential minimum of the ground state of CO++ lies about 4.7 eV above the dissociation limit C+(2P1/2) + O+(4S) (which lies 35.970 eV above the ground state of CO and is separated by a maximum of ~1.5 eV from this limit Newton and Sciamanna, 1970, Hurley, 1971. |
| 24 | Derived by Hurley, 1971 from the carbon Auger spectrum of CO Siegbahn, Nordling, et al., 1969. At least six vibrational levels are observed. |
Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Smith and Thomas, 1976
Smith, S.R.; Thomas, T.D.,
Core ionization potentials in carbon monoxide,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, 8, 45. [all data]
Gelius, 1974
Gelius, U.,
Recent progress in ESCA studies of gases,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 5, 985. [all data]
Asbrink, Fridh, et al., 1974
Asbrink, L.; Fridh, C.; Lindholm, E.; Codling, K.,
Photoelectron spectrum and Rydberg transitions of CO,
Phys. Scr., 1974, 10, 183. [all data]
Marchand, d'Incan, et al., 1969
Marchand, J.; d'Incan, J.; Janin, J.,
Etude d'une nouvelle transition electronique attribuee a l'ion CO+,
Spectrochim. Acta, 1969, 25, 605. [all data]
Bulthuis, 1934
Bulthuis, H.,
The bandspectrum of CO+,
Physica (The Hague), 1934, 1, 873. [all data]
Rao and Sarma, 1953
Rao, K.N.; Sarma, K.S.,
Band spectrum of CO+. The Baldet-Johnson system (B2Σ - A2Π),
Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege Collect., 1953, 13, 4, 181-186. [all data]
Herzberg, 1968
Herzberg, G.,
Absorption spectra of molecular ions,
Comment. Pontif. Acad. Sci., 1968, 2, 15, 1-8. [all data]
Dixon and Woods, 1975
Dixon, T.A.; Woods, R.C.,
Microwave absorption spectrum of the CO+ ion,
Phys. Rev. Lett., 1975, 34, 61. [all data]
Siegbahn, Nordling, et al., 1969
Siegbahn, K.; Nordling, C.; Johansson, G.; Hedman, J.; Heden, P.F.; Hamrin, k.; Gelius, U.; Bergmark, T.; Werme, L.O.; Manne, R.; Baer,
ESCA Applied to Free Molecules, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969, 0. [all data]
Thomas, 1970
Thomas, T.D.,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of carbon monoxide,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 1744. [all data]
Gardner and Samson, 1975
Gardner, J.L.; Samson, J.A.R.,
Photion and photelectron spectroscopy of CO and N2,
J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 1447. [all data]
Locht and Durer, 1975
Locht, R.; Durer, J.M.,
New predissociations of CO and CO+ induced by low energy electron impact,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 34, 508. [all data]
Krupenie and Weissman, 1965
Krupenie, P.H.; Weissman, S.,
Potential-energy curves for CO and CO+,
J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1529. [all data]
Singh and Rai, 1966
Singh, R.B.; Rai, D.K.,
Potential-energy curves for O2+, N2+, and CO+,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1966, 19, 424. [all data]
Hesser, 1968
Hesser, J.E.,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 2518. [all data]
Fowler, Skwerski, et al., 1969
Fowler, R.G.; Skwerski, P.R.; Anderson, R.A.; Copeland, G.E.; Holzberlein, T.M.,
Radiative lifetime of the B2Σ+ state of CO+,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 4133. [all data]
Dotchin and Chupp, 1973
Dotchin, L.W.; Chupp, E.L.,
Radiative lifetimes and pressure dependence of the relaxation rates of some vibronic levels in N2+, N2, CO+, and CO,
J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 3960. [all data]
Jorgensen and Sorensen, 1975
Jorgensen, S.W.; Sorensen, G.,
Radiative lifetimes in molecules studied by means of fast, molecular ion beams,
J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 2550. [all data]
Judge and Lee, 1972
Judge, D.L.; Lee, L.C.,
Electronic transition moments for the A → X, B → X, and B → A transitions in CO+ and the A ← B and B ← X moments for the CO → CO+ systems; absolute cross sections for the absorption processes,
J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 455. [all data]
Lee, Carlson, et al., 1974
Lee, L.C.; Carlson, R.W.; Judge, D.L.; Ogawa, M.,
Cross sections for production of the CO+(B2Σ+ → X2Σ+) fluorescence by photoionization of CO,
J. Geophys. Res., 1974, 79, 5286. [all data]
Nicholls, 1962
Nicholls, R.W.,
Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids to high vibrational quantum numbers for three band systems of CO+ and absolute band strengths for the comet-tail system,
Can. J. Phys., 1962, 40, 1772. [all data]
Krupenie and Benesch, 1968
Krupenie, P.H.; Benesch, W.,
Electronic transition moment integrals for first ionization of CO and the A-X transition in Co+. Some limitations on the use of the r-centroid approximation,
J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 1968, 72, 495. [all data]
Comes and Speier, 1971
Comes, F.J.; Speier, F.,
Luminescence of diatomic molecular ions. I. Franck-Condon-factors and collisional deactivation,
Z. Naturforsch. A, 1971, 26, 1998. [all data]
Maier and Holland, 1972
Maier, B., II; Holland, R.F.,
Electronic transition moment for the comet tail system of CO+,
J. Phys. B:, 1972, 5, 118. [all data]
Robinson and Nicholls, 1960
Robinson, D.; Nicholls, R.W.,
Intensity measurements on the CO+ comet tail, and the BO α and β molecular band systems,
Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1960, 75, 817. [all data]
Joshi, Sastri, et al., 1966
Joshi, K.C.; Sastri, V.D.P.; Parthasarathi, S.,
Absolute transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, and electronic transition moments for the first negative system of CO+,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1966, 6, 215. [all data]
Jain, 1972
Jain, D.C.,
Einstein A coefficients, band oscillator strengths and absolute band strengths for the comet-tail band system of CO+,
J. Phys. B:, 1972, 5, 199. [all data]
Shvangiradze, Oganezov, et al., 1960
Shvangiradze, R.R.; Oganezov, K.A.; Chikhladze, B.Ya.,
Isotopic band shifts in the electronic-vibrational spectra of some diatomic molecules,
Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1960, 8, 239. [all data]
Pesic, Janjic, et al., 1974
Pesic, D.; Janjic, J.; Markovic, D.; Rytel, M.; Sewiec, T.,
Isotope shifts in the first negative system of CO+,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Beograd., 1974, 39, 249. [all data]
Asundi, Dhumwad, et al., 1970
Asundi, R.K.; Dhumwad, R.K.; Patwardhan, A.B.,
Isotope shift studies of Herzberg bands of CO and comet-tail and Baldet-Johnson bands of CO+,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 34, 528. [all data]
Holland and Maier, 1972
Holland, R.F.; Maier, W.B., II,
Study of the A → X transitions in N2+ and CO+,
J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 5229. [all data]
Anderson, Sutherland, et al., 1972
Anderson, R.; Sutherland, R.; Frey, N.,
Radiative lifetimes of the A2Π state of CO+,
J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1972, 62, 1127. [all data]
Bennett and Dalby, 1960
Bennett, R.G.; Dalby, E.W.,
Experimental oscillator strength of the comet-tail system of CO+,
J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 32, 1111. [all data]
Fink and Welge, 1968
Fink, E.H.; Welge, K.H.,
Lebensdauern und Loschquerschnitte elektronisch angeregter Zustande von N2O+, NO, O2+, CO+ und CO,
Z. Naturforsch. A, 1968, 23, 358. [all data]
Dorman and Morrison, 1961
Dorman, F.H.; Morrison, J.D.,
Double and triple ionization in molecules induced by electron impact,
J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 35, 575. [all data]
Newton and Sciamanna, 1970
Newton, A.S.; Sciamanna, A.F.,
Metastable dissociation of the doubly charged carbon monoxide ion,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 132. [all data]
Hurley, 1971
Hurley, A.C.,
Auger spectra of CO and long-lived states of CO++,
J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 3656. [all data]
Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, References
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