| DOSE: |
repeated |
insufflated |
Methoxetamine |
(powder / crystals) |
| |
repeated |
smoked |
Cannabis |
|
| |
repeated |
insufflated |
MDMA |
(powder / crystals) |
I would just like to start by saying that 700mg is what dose I can only guess I insufluated throughout the night, We had ordered 5g of MXE of the web and as it had arrived we decided to give it a shot having done it twice previously at a much lower dose (100mg each time) and we wanted to do some research on this new and exciting chemical...
So me and A B and C are in the bedroom of my friend D's flat, which was at this time rife with a celebration of 2 of my friends birthdays, so me and birthday boy (B) decide we should preemptively put all 5g of MXE into empty paracetamol capsules in order to make it easier to snort while we were in the field we were later camping at (basic convenience) before we started doing this everyone who was taking the MXE who was present (about 6 people) had a nice little line which precisely weighed out at 100mg per line. We me and B ended up just trying to make the MXE into 44 caps instead of weighing it out because it was way too fiddely...we really shouldn't have because we were very weirded out by this point and made pretty uneven caps (they would have all been within a few mg of each other however because we did get 44 total caps)...
So me and the other 6 had another cap each because we decided to get as out of it as we could before we got to the party (this is at 5:30 in the evening), we set of to the party location to get there for 6, which we did and by this time we were all pretty floaty and everything was pretty strange.
As we entered the field it all went crazy from there... we all broke out another cap each bringing it down to about 3.6g total MXE left, we spent a while going crazy and dancing etc and in this time I insuffluate waaaay more than I should (a further 3 caps) in the space of what I can only guess was about an hour, simply put I was completely anesthetized by about 7pm, which resulted in me laying on my back on the ground with all of the drunkard crowd trying to look after me because they didnt understand I was fine and that I was just on the edge of existance in my mind, my fellow MXE heads were all wandering around in 2's having some crazy hallucionations and shouting alot...
around 9pm I regain conciousness after lying unresponsive on the ground for a while, a friend offered me a few from a J to calm my mind, it worked a treat and as I sat there my mind slowly reformed to the point where I was mentally centered... I have to point out the trips from this are stronger than any acid or mushroom trip I have ever had but the trips are alot more warped delusions of reality rather than coulorful mystical revelations...I adore this chemical...aaaanyway after this event we all decided to walk around town for some godawful reason I still do not fully understand, so I took the last cap which I was allowing myself to consume that night and wandered into town...
My mind jumps to all of us sat in a location I had never seen which is apparently located at our local dry ski slope, which is strange as I could swear for the entire time we were atop a huge hill when really we were at the bottom of said ski slope on padded cushiony things...Yeah I don't get what they are either...
We walked back up to the field after a J at the slope and hastily took some lines of MD to bring ourselves... well I dont really know what we were thinking here because we were already all in a different realm... but we did, approximately 60mg each and after a few minutes we were all in a state of unimaginable happiness and glee, we didn't gurn however which was odd for MD as I usually do... basically the rest of the night literally consisted of me and 6 friends laughing hysterically at each other and not finishing sentences properly and sniffing another line of MD at which point we all went into parallel universes of our own...I could see the world around me (the roof of a tent) fold into itself and warp in so many ways as we smoked the last joint...
I was wrecked the entire next day and had to be told about my ordeal of semi dying next to a tree, we all had our own insanity moments that night and telling them all now would take years to be able to explain it...
My conclusion starts with an apology as unless you have taken a large of amount of dissociatives you cannot have the feelings and hallucinations explained to you therefore the report, basically I sum it up as the strongest K hole imaginable, for about 7 hours real time and then an entire day of of what I would say I would feel from taking a small line of ketamine, POWERFUL stuff and one thing I found interesting about this particular chem is it doesn't have very much delving into the spiritual realm, its more a schizophrenic mess, I would advise people take it responsibly...
The next day we found that every single cap was gone from the bag they were contained in and each cap we found was completely empty... 4.3 grams (because I had 700mg) was split between about 7 people? it was an extremely savage night...I would do it again in a heartbeat
Thank you for taking the time to read my report
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load static %} {% load compress %} {% block content %}
{% include "handlebars/banner/profile.html" %} {% include "handlebars/banner/notice.html" %} {% include "handlebars/banner/calendar.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/loading.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/no_course.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/events.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/error.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/schedule/instructor_panel.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/course_card_content.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/course_sche_panel.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/no_courses_card.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/course_resource_panel.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/future/course_card_content.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/future/course_sche_panel.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/future/course_resource_panel.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/past/course_card_content.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/past/course_sche_panel.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/past/course_resource_panel.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/mailman/request_email_lists.html" %} {% include "handlebars/card/instructor_schedule/mailman/view_email_lists.html" %} {% block teaching_content %}{% endblock %} {% include "handlebars/teaching_resources.html" %} {% include "handlebars/loading.html" %} {% include "handlebars/notices.html" %} {% include "handlebars/academic_calendar.html" %} {% include "user_state.html" %} {% endblock %}


Video Scrips Help Us Find your voice!
Mike and Philip were awesome! The video really helps me get out my message.
JimboThe video really improved my gator-milking business. Now I have five stores and four fingers!
JamesThe video has helped me improve my business by 153,000%! Thanks, Mike, you were great!
Jim Bob


Python Module Index
| f | ||
firebird | ||
firebird.driver | Python 3+ Database API 2.0 Compliant driver for Firebird 3+ | |
firebird.driver.config | Driver configuration | |
firebird.driver.core | Main Firebird driver code | |
firebird.driver.fbapi | Python ctypes interface to Firebird client library | |
firebird.driver.hooks | Drivers hooks | |
firebird.driver.interfaces | Interface wrappers for Firebird new API | |
firebird.driver.types | Firebird driver types |


We proposed the ID-discriminative Embedding (IDE) in [Arxiv 2016] and [ECCV 2016],
[Code]
.
Later, we introduced the Part-based Convolutional Baseline (PCB) in [ECCV 2018],
[Code]
.
A tiny, friendly, strong baseline [Code]
.
We studied the domain adaptive re-ID problem. A representatives work is CamStyle [CVPR 2018, TIP 2019],
[Code]
.
Generative Models for Discriminative Learning
For style-level domain adaptation, we designed SPGAN for person re-ID [CVPR 2018],
[Code]
.
The GAN generated images are effective for discriminative learning.
We proposed DG-net to generate pedestrians with various appearances/structures to augment the real-world data in discriminative learning
[CVPR 2019],
[Code]
.
Multi-object Tracking
We designed an efficient MOT system with near real-time performance, named JDE
[Arxiv 2019],
[Code]
.
We also studied the inherent difference between re-ID and MTMCT, and proposed the locality aware appearance metric (LAAM)
[Arxiv 2019],
[Code]
.
We released the code for CLAN, a category-level alignment method
[CVPR 2019],
[Code]
.
We also released our code for MMAN that uses the adversarial loss
[ECCV 2018],
[Code]
.


Gill was formerly director for development policy in the Office of the Chief Economist at the World Bank in Washington, D.C. He has held a number of leadership positions at the World Bank, including chief economist for Europe and Central Asia and staff director for the 2009 World Development Report on Economic Geography.
He also was economic adviser in the World Bank’s East Asia and Pacific Regional Office and lead economist for human development in Latin America and the Caribbean. His pioneering work includes introducing the concept of the “middle income trap” to describe how developing countries stagnate after reaching a certain level of income. Gill holds a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Chicago and has taught at Georgetown University, the State University of New York at Buffalo and the University of Chicago.
Homi Kharas is the Interim Vice President and Director of the Global Economy and Development program. In that capacity, he studies policies and trends influencing developing countries, including aid to poor countries, the emergence of the middle class, and global governance and the G-20.
He has served as the lead author and executive secretary of the secretariat supporting the High- Level Panel, co-chaired by President Sirleaf, President Yudhoyono and Prime Minister Cameron, advising the U.N. Secretary General on the post-2015 development agenda (2012-2013). The report, “A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development” was presented on May 30, 2013.
His most recent co-authored/edited books are The Imperative of Development (The Wolfensohn Center at Brookings, 2017), The Last Mile in Ending Extreme Poverty (Brookings Press, 2015), Getting to Scale: How to Bring Development Solutions to Millions of Poor People (Brookings Press, 2013); After the Spring: Economic Transitions in the Arab World (Oxford University Press, 2012); and Catalyzing Development: A New Vision for Aid (Brookings Press, 2011). He has published articles, book chapters and opinion pieces on global development policy, global trends, the global food crisis, international organizations, the G20, the DAC and private philanthropy.


HR-XML Schema Extension
Recommendation, 2007 April 15
Editor:
Paul Kiel, HR-XML
Authors:
Paul Kiel, HR-XML
Contributors:
Members of Technical Steering Committee
Copyright © 2007 HR-XML Consortium, Inc.
Abstract
HR-XML Consortium specifications are meant to model specific business practices. Recognizing that it cannot satisfy the needs of all implementers all the time, the need for a standard way to extend schemas becomes clear. This document is aimed to provide guidance regarding the extension of XML Schemas so that trading partners can exchange information in the real world as well as experiment with new data that could be incorporated into a future specification.
Table of Contents
3 ANY Element Extension Method
3.1 ANY element extension schema defined and declared
4 Extension Implementation Considerations
5 Appendix A - Namespace Extension Method
5.2 Namespace Extension Method Explained
6 Appendix B – Document Version History
HR-XML Consortium specifications are meant to model specific business practices. Recognizing that it cannot satisfy the needs of all implementers all the time, the need for a standard way to extend schemas becomes clear. This document is aimed to provide guidance regarding the extension of XML Schemas so that trading partners can exchange information in the real world as well as experiment with new data that could be incorporated into a future specification.
HR-XML Schemas cannot be all things to all people. In the real world of data interchange, there arises the need to accommodate the special requirements of clients and trading partners. In addition, how can implementers experiment with new data structures that lie outside the existing approved specifications? The recognition of the first statement and the need to answer the question give rise to the background for extending schemas.
Given that extension is a reality, how can we accommodate extensions without undermining the principle of open standards? This document is meant to provide guidance on the best practice for extending schemas. Its goal is to show:
1) Official endorsement of different methods for implementation.
2) Conventions for creating extensions to encourage consistency.
All extensions to approved HR-XML standards SHOULD be done consistently across the Consortium. They MUST retain the basic values of XML, such as validation, especially in the context of any Certification process. Extension methods MUST not lead to an undermining of the open standards mission.
As discussed here, “extending” is meant to “add additional elements and attributes to an existing schema”. This is not to be confused with how it is used in the XML Schemas: Best Practices discussion, where “extending” means adding functionality to schema that does not currently exist. The latter is for such functionality as being able to verify that the value of element <A> is greater than the value of element <B>. This document refers to “extending” in the former usage only.
The Technical Steering Committee has approved two methods that enable extension of HR-XML schemas without undermining an open standards mission. The “wrapper” and “ANY” techniques are explained herein. Additionally, a “Namespace” extension method was examined and not endorsed.
This method consists of a schema that uses an HR-XML schema as an <import>. This enables the intact use of HR-XML schemas and can be implemented without any accommodation required by the work group during the design phase. A drawback is the potential for many different root elements in the real world of multiple trading partners.
 This element is used to house all extensions to the schema. Definitions of those extensions occur in a separate schema. This method overcomes a drawback of the wrapper technique in that it maintains a consistent root element, which is a standard HR-XML defined element. It does, however, require work groups to accommodate by including an extension element in their schema design.
Example HR-XML schema:
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
elementFormDefault="qualified"
xmlns="http://ns.hr-xml.org/2007-04-15"
targetNamespace="http://ns.hr-xml.org/2007-04-15">
<xsd:element name="JobPositionSeeker">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="JobPositionSeekerId" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name="PersonalData">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="PersonName" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name="VoiceNumber">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="TelNumber" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element ref="UserArea" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="UserArea" type="UserAreaType"/>
<xsd:complexType name="UserAreaType">
<xsd:sequence minOccurs="0">
<xsd:any namespace="##any" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
Example extension definition:
<xsd:schema
targetNamespace="BrilliantHRSoftware.com"
xmlns="BrilliantHRSoftware.com"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xsd:element name="JunkElement">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleContent>
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
<xsd:attribute name="contextXPath" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleContent>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
Example instance:
<JobPositionSeeker
xmlns="http://ns.hr-xml.org"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://ns.hr-xml.org/2007-04-15
JobPositionSeeker-1_1.xsd
BrilliantHRSoftware.com
UserArea1.xsd">
<JobPositionSeekerId/>
<PersonalData>
<PersonName/>
<VoiceNumber>
<TelNumber>567-5678</TelNumber>
</VoiceNumber>
</PersonalData>
<UserArea>
<JunkElement contextXPath="//VoiceNumber/TelNumber" xmlns="BrilliantHRSoftware.com">this is an emergency telephone number only</JunkElement>
</UserArea>
</JobPositionSeeker>
The HR-XML “ANY” element and complexType MUST be scoped globally and MUST be explicitly defined as:
<xsd:element name="UserArea" type="UserAreaType"/>
<xsd:complexType name="UserAreaType">
<xsd:sequence minOccurs="0">
<xsd:any namespace="##any" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
1) If a pointer to a contextual node is used in an extension element, it MAY have the form of an XPath attribute or element with the name “contextXPath.” (Alternately, a DOM referencing node MAY be used with the name “contextDOMPath.”)
<xsd:attribute name="contextXPath" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:attribute name="contextDOMPath" type="xsd:string"/>
2) Extension nodes defined separately MAY conform to a file naming convention of:
UserArea1.xsd – first extension file name (i.e. with trading partner A)
UserArea2.xsd – second extension file name (i.e. trading partner B)
And so on….
3) Extensions MUST NOT be used in any certification process.
1) The XSD declaration for this element MUST conform to accepted schema design guidelines and scoped globally as such:
<xsd:element name="UserArea" type="UserAreaType"/>
<xsd:complexType name="UserAreaType">
<xsd:sequence minOccurs="0">
<xsd:any namespace="##any" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
2) It must be named “UserArea”.
3) It MUST be the last child of the root element.
4) It MUST have a minimum occurrence of zero and a maximum occurrence of one.
<xsd:element ref="UserArea" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
5) Its declaration MAY have a “processContents” value of “strict” indicated.
From the Schema spec:
lax
“If the item, or any items among its [children] if it's an element information item, has a uniquely determined declaration available, it must be valid with respect to that definition, that is, validate where you can, don't worry when you can't.”
This functionality varies in implementation and is sometimes deceptively not implemented at all. It is recommended NOT to use “lax” as a processContents value.
6) If a pointer to a contextual node is used in an extension element, it SHOULD have the form of an XPath attribute or element with the name “contextXPath.” (Alternately, a DOM referencing node MAY be used with the name “contextDOMPath.”)
<xsd:attribute name="contextXPath" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:attribute name="contextDOMPath" type="xsd:string"/>
7) Extension nodes defined separately (whether as an XSD include or as a DTD external entity), MAY conform to a file naming convention of:
UserArea1.xsd – first extension file name (i.e. with trading partner A)
UserArea2.xsd – second extension file name (i.e. trading partner B)
And so on….
8) Extensions MUST NOT be used in any certification process.
This method was examined by the Technical Steering Committee and was not endorsed. The central reason was due to the fact that “in context” extensions prevent a document from being properly valid. In essence, an XML parser cannot validate the data because extensions violate the content models of elements as defined in the schema. Since redefining elements was not an alternative, this method cannot be endorsed for use.
This method uses XML Namespaces to differentiate elements of the HR-XML schema from extension elements. The elements are inserted in context within the HR-XML schema. Sample invalid instance:
<JobPositionSeeker
xmlns="http://ns.hr-xml.org/2007-04-15"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://ns.hr-xml.org/2007-04-15
JobPositionSeeker-1_1.xsd
BrilliantHRSoftware.com
BrilliantHRSoftware.xsd">
<JobPositionSeekerId/>
<PersonalData>
<PersonName/>
<VoiceNumber>
<TelNumber>567-5678</TelNumber>
<JunkElement xmlns="BrilliantHRSoftware.com">this is an emergency number only</JunkElement>
</VoiceNumber>
</PersonalData>
</JobPositionSeeker>
<JunkElement> is not in the content model of <JobPositionSeeker> even though it is part of a different namespace.
|
Date |
Description |
|
2002-April-30 |
Approved Recommendation |
|
2003-Jan-31 |
Changed target/default namespace of UserArea.xsd |
|
2003-Feb-26 |
Approved recommendation by HR-XML Consortium. The default and targetNamespaces of all HR-XML schemas have been standardized to "http://ns.hr-xml.org". This recommendation is available as part of the HR-XML 2_0 architecture. |
|
2006-Feb-28 |
Approved by Consortium |
|
2007-Apr-15 |
Approved by Consortium |


Ultramarathon Working Group
This group focuses on races beyond the marathon distance. Records
and rankings are kept for the following standard distances: 30 miles, 50km, 40 miles, 50 miles, 100km, 100 miles,
200km, 24 hours, 48 hours, 6 days, and 1000 miles.
Goals
To collect and disseminate information and results of ultra races.
To keep and maintain deep ranking lists for the international standard events of 100km and 24 hours.
To keep and maintain ranking lists for the other standard distances.
To keep and maintain ultra world records for road and track standard events.
To track and maintain lists for long running ultra marathons.
All-Time Track Rankings
All-Time Road Rankings
For winners lists, race dates, and other information for significant and/or long-running ultramarathons, click here.
For a list of the world's longest running ultramarathons, click here.
Working Group Members
Andy Milroy<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(co-ordinator)
Phil Billard<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Burkhard Widera<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Phil Essam<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Ian Champion<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Links
www.ultrafondus.com
www.steppenhahn.de/ultramarathon
www.ultraned.org
www.widera-lienen.de/ultra
www.americanultra.org
www.ultralegends.com
www.ULTRAmarathonRunning.com
Last Updated on 14 Nov 2012


Oh, really?
Congratulations, you know pointless trivia about junk literature. Now go back to wasting your life, and stop wasting mine as well.
"Let us not overlook vital things because of the bulk of trifles confronting us." - Emma Goldman


ISO Cube Daily QA Phantom
| Stock # | Description | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 023 | ISO Cube Daily QA Phantom | $3,561.85 | |
| 023-01 | (Optional) Stereotactic Target Frame Adapter | $1,345.23 | |
| 023-03 | ISO Analyze Software Package for the model 023 ISO cube | $5,310.00 |
Features
Fast and easy to use
Unique shell fiducials produce sharp clear images in EPID, kV and CBCT imaging
Offset fiducial to check accuracy of couch corrections
Check
– Laser alignment
– Light field size verification
– kV and MV imager coincidence
– CBCT process accuracy
– ODI accuracy
– Table height accuracy
– Radiation field/light field alignment
Target positioning through imaging localization is critical for the accurate delivery of radiation treatment. Verifying that all of the imaging, localization and targeting systems are aligned with the true radiation isocenter is crucial. The CIRS ISO Cube provides a cost-effective, quick and accurate means of testing radiation isocenter alignment between the lasers, light field and image guidance systems.
The ISO Cube was designed specifically for daily system checks. The lasers and light field can be tuned to the true radiation isocenter using the engraved markings on the exterior of the ISO Cube. The light field and radiation field alignment can be checked using integral radiographic markers. More importantly the isocenters of both the OBI and the EPID can be checked for true spacial alignment and coincidence with that of the treatment beam.
The ISO Cube contains a unique center point fiducial and an offset blind target. The blind target is used to insure the table offset coordinates generated by kV/MV imaging are accurate by locating the target, moving the table the determined amounts and verifying that the blind target has been positioned at the isocenter. The exterior is machined with concentric circle targets to allow user to objectively assess all setup errors, including rotations, and to easily align the phantom to the true radiation isocenter.
Fast and easy to use
Unique shell fiducials produce sharp clear images in EPID, kV and CBCT imaging
Offset fiducial to check accuracy of couch corrections
Check
– Laser alignment
– Light field size verification
– kV and MV imager coincidence
– CBCT process accuracy
– ODI accuracy
– Table height accuracy
– Radiation field/light field alignment
Target positioning through imaging localization is critical for the accurate delivery of radiation treatment. Verifying that all of the imaging, localization and targeting systems are aligned with the true radiation isocenter is crucial. The CIRS ISO Cube provides a cost-effective, quick and accurate means of testing radiation isocenter alignment between the lasers, light field and image guidance systems.
The ISO Cube was designed specifically for daily system checks. The lasers and light field can be tuned to the true radiation isocenter using the engraved markings on the exterior of the ISO Cube. The light field and radiation field alignment can be checked using integral radiographic markers. More importantly the isocenters of both the OBI and the EPID can be checked for true spacial alignment and coincidence with that of the treatment beam.
The ISO Cube contains a unique center point fiducial and an offset blind target. The blind target is used to insure the table offset coordinates generated by kV/MV imaging are accurate by locating the target, moving the table the determined amounts and verifying that the blind target has been positioned at the isocenter. The exterior is machined with concentric circle targets to allow user to objectively assess all setup errors, including rotations, and to easily align the phantom to the true radiation isocenter.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %} RCRIS {% endblock %} {% block content %}
This page is currently under construction. Click this link to search the RCRIS database. This data was last updated in 2017.


Before Change
run_experiment can easily execute variants of the experiment on different
machines
env = TfEnv(env_name="CartPole-v1")
policy = CategoricalMLPPolicy(
env_spec=env.spec,
// The neural network policy should have two hidden layers,
// each with 32 hidden units.
hidden_sizes=(32, 32))
baseline = LinearFeatureBaseline(env_spec=env.spec)
algo = TRPO(
env=env,
policy=policy,
baseline=baseline,
batch_size=4000,
max_path_length=100,
n_itr=40,
discount=0.99,
step_size=v["step_size"],
// Uncomment both lines (this and the plot parameter below) to enable
// plotting
plot=True,
)
algo.train()
for step_size in [0.01, 0.05, 0.1]:
for seed in [1, 11, 21, 31, 41]:
After Change
run_experiment can easily execute variants of the experiment on different
machines
with LocalRunner() as runner:
env = TfEnv(env_name="CartPole-v1")
policy = CategoricalMLPPolicy(
env_spec=env.spec,
// The neural network policy should have two hidden layers,
// each with 32 hidden units.
hidden_sizes=(32, 32))
baseline = LinearFeatureBaseline(env_spec=env.spec)
algo = TRPO(
env=env,
policy=policy,
baseline=baseline,
max_path_length=100,
discount=0.99,
step_size=v["step_size"],
)
runner.setup(algo=algo, env=env)
runner.train(
n_epochs=40,
batch_size=4000,
// Uncomment to enable plotting
// plot=True
)
for step_size in [0.01, 0.05, 0.1]:
for seed in [1, 11, 21, 31, 41]:
run_experiment(
run_task,


Non-admin users have to submit a request ticket to admins to get their approval to signup new users. If you are an Admin, you can directly signup users.


Good afternoon males, females, natural hermaphrodites, unnatural hermaphrodites, unsexed, androgens, androids, blackberries, geeks, nerds, intelligent trousers, wabbits, wabbit stews, fork bombs, monkey derivatives, etc, etc, etc...
This article will discuss the IDE known as Dev-C++, which seems to be in common usage. More specifically, I will be discussing why we try to steer people away from using Dev-C++, and what you can do if you are a Dev-C++ user. This article does not apply to wxDev-C++.
Why we've deprecated Dev-C++
It all boils down to one reason:
Dev-C++ hasn't been updated since 2005.
From there, there are 3 main problems with the lack of any updating.
The included MinGW is obsolete.
The many known bugs may never be fixed.
The IDE lacks the features of more modern IDEs.
I'll go over each of these in order.
The included MinGW is obsolete.
MinGW is an irregular acronym which stands for "
Minimalist
GNU for
Windows". It includes a various set of tools commonly found on many *nixes including the g++ compiler and gdb debugger, which Dev-C++ makes use of.
A problem with Dev-C++ not being updated in computer centuries is that the bundled MinGW is several years old, and as a result the compiler doesn't work nearly as well on new systems as a hot-out-of-the-oven dish of MinGW's g++ would. It's a whole major version behind...
The many known bugs may never be fixed.
Dev-C++ is no longer being cared for, if you will. The latest version (Dev-C++ <IP_ADDRESS>) has currently 340 known bugs, and possibly more that are not accounted for. Also, due to the fact that the dev-packs system is no longer being updated, that feature itself has also become broken, with many packs being either obsolete or no longer existent.
The lead developer has stated in 2006 that due to personal issues he will not be working on Dev-C++.
The IDE lacks some of the features of more modern IDEs.
Dev-C++'s debugging utilities are... also old. A debugger is an essential utility for any programmer at any level, and I have heard complaints of the Dev-C++ debugging interface being confusing.
In addition, the code completion and intellisense-like features are lagging behind the times as well.
What you can do if you're using Dev-C++
Completely switch IDEs
This is the option I recommend, considering the formidable alternatives. I did not include options that I am certain are only for platforms other than Windows (XCode 4).
The list of good free IDEs includes but is not limited to:
1- Code::Blocks ->
http://www.codeblocks.org/downloads
2- Visual Studio C++ Express ->
http://www.microsoft.com/express/Downloads/#2010-Visual-CPP
3- Netbeans ->
http://netbeans.org/downloads/
4- Eclipse ->
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/eclipse-ide-cc-developers/heliossr1
5- QT Creator ->
http://qt.nokia.com/downloads (scroll down a bit to download it as a standalone)
Eclipse has a little bit of a learning curve, just as a warning.
Make the change to wxDev-C++
This is the recommended option if you really like Dev-C++. wxDev-C++ is being updated, it's a bit more modern, it features a designer for wxWidgets should you want to create GUI applications, and finally as the name implies it is based on the original.
You can download wxDev-C++ here:
http://wxdsgn.sourceforge.net/?q=node/4
Go minimalist
This isn't an option I recommend too highly for some, however using a minimalist text editor + makefiles + a terminal is something I enjoy as a development option, and I'm sure there are others who would as well.
Possible lightweight editors include but are not limited to:
1- Programmer's Notepad ->
http://www.pnotepad.org/download/
2- Geany ->
http://www.geany.org/Download/Releases#windowsBinaries
3- Nano ->
http://www.nano-editor.org/download.php
4- Vim ->
http://www.vim.org/download.php
5- Emacs ->
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/#Obtaining
6- Notepad++ ->
http://notepad-plus-plus.org/download
Update Dev-C++
I recommend this option the least considering the problems you might run into with the IDE itself, however if you're highly reluctant to change to even wxDev-C++ then at least update the included MinGW.
I cannot give the specifics of how to do this, unfortunately, as I am incapable of even installing Dev-C++. However, you would probably end up doing a few searches for MinGW-related files, removing them, and the installing the new MinGW.
Be careful doing this, though, as having two versions of MinGW might trigger linker errors (undefined reference to __cpu_features_init).
In conclusion...
While Dev-C++ might be easy, that does not mean that you should stick with it. To quote Moschops from here:
http://cplusplus.com/forum/beginner/43898/#msg237572 | Nailing my feet to the floor is easier than using my own muscles to balance, but you don't see me doing that :) |
-Albatross
EDIT1: Added some useful hyperlinks.
EDIT2: Fixed the bullet points.
EDIT3: Put the pluses back in the article. Also updated the wxDev-C++ download link.
EDIT4: Added QT Creator and Notepad++. Thank you
Danellos and
immutable!
EDIT5: I just *had* to include a quite by
Moschops at the end. :)


When you work with us,you are part of a team commited collaborators.All aspects of our software
are intergrated,interactive
and agile.
Our approach unifies design,development and product management to create exceptional products
we start each project by understanding your business goals,the user`s needs
and the product requirements
we help transalte them into active and elegant solutions
Before we sign a contract or write a line of code,our team will spend the necessary time needed to understand your product vision
The outcome of the scoping session a proposal or high-level statement of work
based on your requirements,we can provide a complete offering or just the piece you need
DESIGN
Our design practice offers a full range of services including brand strategy, interaction and visual design and user experience testing
Throghout your project,our designers create and implement visual design and workflows, solicit user feedback and work with you to make sure what gets built is what is needed.
DEVELOPMENT
All engineers are fluent in the latest enterprise, mobile and web development technologies. They collaborate with your team to write, and improve code on a daily basis, using proven practices such as test-driven development and pair programming.
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT
All engineers are fluent in the latest enterprise, mobile and web development technologies.
They collaborate with your team to write, and improve code on a daily basis, using proven practices such as test-driven development and pair programming.
Ontario security
Pyramids
Jim Carry
Have a Nice Day
calculator
Burned
Giraffe Restaurant


Spotify Pomodoro Playlist Generator
Starting key
C Major
C minor
C# Major
C# minor
D Major
D minor
Eb Major
Eb minor
E Major
E minor
F Major
F minor
Gb Major
Gb minor
G Major
G minor
Ab Major
Ab minor
A Major
A minor
Bb Major
Bb minor
B Major
B minor
Strategy
Root key +5 semitones
Root key +6 semitones
Same root key
Alternate major/minor
Playlist name


By default, there are three worlds: world
, world_nether
, world_end
.
Each world can be tweaked by editing <World Name>/world.ini
.
You can use this file to edit things like the spawn point location, the game mode, and the diffculty level.
See {{3 - Configuring world.ini}} for details.


To describe and characterize automobile accidents in Bogotá (Colombia). We wanted to identify factors that generate risk, as well as factors that magnify damage, with the purpose of creating strategies to reduce accident rate.
Transactional web application to manage ecological tours promoted by government organization. It includes the handling of inscriptions, calendars and activities.


Introduction
Layout-level gate camouflaging has attracted interest as a countermeasure against reverse engineering of combinational logic. In order to minimize area overhead, typically only a subset of gates in a circuit is camouflaged, and each camouflaged gate layout can implement a few different logic functions. The security of camouflaging relies on the difficulty of learning the overall combinational logic function without knowing which logic functions the camouflaged gates implement.
In this work, we present an incremental-SAT approach to reconstruct the logic function of a circuit with camouflaged gates. Our algorithm uses the standard attacker model in which an adversary knows only the non-camouflaged gate functions, and has the ability to query the circuit to learn the correct output vector for any input vector. Our results demonstrate a 5x speedup over the best known existing deobfuscation algorithm.
Beyond demonstrating speedup, we use our powerful approach to produce new insights about the strength of obfuscation. First we show that deobfuscation is feasible even in the more challenging setting where layout reveals nothing about the possible logic function of camouflaged gates. Additionally, selectively camouflaging gates to maximize output corruption under incorrect deobfuscation hypotheses typically reduces the number of vectors needed to deobfuscate the circuit.
Publications
- Duo Liu, Cunxi Yu, Xiangyu Zhang, Daniel E. Holcomb: Oracle-guided incremental SAT solving to reverse engineer camouflaged logic circuits. DATE 2016: 433-438. Dresden, Germany, March,2016. (DATE'16)
- Cunxi Yu, Xiangyu Zhang, Duo Liu, Maciej Ciesielski, Daniel Holcomb. Incremental SAT-based Reverse Engineering of Camouflaged Logic Circuits. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. (TCAD'16)
Tool
Our tool is implemented using C/C++ (g++ 4.9 required). It has been tested on Ubuntu-64bit system.
-
Source code : Click here to download the source code (zip file). Or check the source code online.
-
Benchmarks:
- 1) NAND-NOR-XOR Camouflaging
- 2) Fully Camouflaging.


We have been given a sacred trust to provide the excellent level of service to the citizens of Singapore by answering 9-1-1 and non-emergency calls in a prompt, efficient, and professional manner and dispatching the appropriate response, we help save lives, protect property, and assist citizens in their time of need.


| User | First name | Birth | Gender | ID | Address | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Tran Thanh Tam | 12/04/1998 | Female | 18722982 | Quang Ngai | |
|
|
|
Trung Ran Can Mo | 11/04/1997 | Male | 18782982 | Quang Nam | |
|
|
|
Nguyen Tuan Huy | 15/06/1999 | Male | 18722982 | Dong Thap | |
|
|
|
Tran Gia Bao | 22/07/1998 | Male | 18722982 | Dong Nai | |
|
|
|
Tran Hoang Kha | 31/03/1995 | Male | 18722982 | An Giang | |
|
|
|
Nguyen Khanh Duy | 10/10/2000 | Male | 18722982 | Dong Nai | |
|
|
|
Tran Thi Dieu Hien | 11/10/1999 | Female | 18722982 | Thu Duc |


--- layout: "post" current: post cover: assets/images/planning-1.jpg navigation: True title: The Plan tags: [Planning] class: post-template subclass: 'post' author: patrick ---
As it happens in most social situations, the fact we live on a boat, and are planning on sailing off into the sunset often gets brought up. "Where are you going to go?" is always the question, and until the other day, the answer was a vague, "well, south".
We wanted to start our year with a plan, so a couple of days before the ball dropped in Times Square we gathered our tools and a cocktail and sat down with the determination that we weren't leaving the table till we had our plan, no matter how many cocktails it takes!
As we get closer to our 'cast off' day, we are finding we need more of a concrete(ish) plan for a few reasons.
Well it turns out we had our plan mostly figured out and agreed upon before we even started so it was just a matter of attaching a timeline. Only one cocktail was required.
So far our plan is to follow the Pacific Circuit, which runs clockwise from San Francisco. This route is popular due to all of the 'hot spots' that are included. It also involves a number of big passages.
The big picture looks something like this.
First Leg October - March
San Francisco San Diego Cabo San Lucas
We cast off lines in Redwood City and begin the trip south after passing under the incredible Golden Gate bridge one more (last?) time. If the winds and weather cooperate we should be in San Diego in about 7 days time.
We haven't decided wether or not to join the Baja-Haha yet.
From San Diego it's another 10-15 days to Cabo San Lucas, depending if we stop at Islas de San Bonita for some spearfishing and exploring.
Once we get to Cabo, we'll make our way north to La Paz and some serious tropical islanding!
Second Leg March - June
Cabo San Jose Marquesa Islands Tahiti
This is the big one! The crossing (known as The Puddlejump) will take between 20-30 days of continious sailing. This means no land, no cell phones, no people and obviously no getting off the boat for a month!
Kinda sounds dreamy! =D
Once we get there though ... I mean this is the quintessential tropical island paradise that as a Canadian, freezing my fanny off in January, I would be dreaming about.
On a boat, this is a playground of islands, polynesian culture, snorkelling, and fishing in crystal blue WARM waters.
The plan is to hang out here for as long as possible. There is a lot to explore and one season may not be enough. There is a possibility of leaving the boat here, while we come home to make some $$, and let Everest attend High School.
Of course, plans can change and there is also a possibility of sticking to the coast and heading to Central/South America. The sailing to the Galapagos Islands and even Easter Island. Or primary goal is to stay safe, stay happy, and explore.


---
meta-title: EMBL-EBI Style Lab
title: Sample pages and templates for v1.4
cta: These demonstrate a range of ways you can make use of the styles and framework.
layout: static
pagetype: meta-pattern
location: /websites/sample-site
framework-version: 1.4
icon-version: 1.3
---
These samples are for v{{framework-version}} of the EBI Visual Framework. Looking for v1.3 or v1.2?
Boilerplate templates
You can use these as templates for your code.
- Blank
big, empty space between header and footer
- Ultra wide
for content with large table or graphics that benefit from using as much screen space as they can get
- Right sidebar
for content-driven pages deeper in your site's hierarchy, the sidebar could contain secondary navigation
- Search results
an example page with filters or facets for your results in a left-hand sidebar, and a right-hand sidebar for global results
- Theme your site
massage the look and feel
Technical integrations
Don't want to use Foundation JS, jQuery, use Bootstrap instead, jQuery UI, or power your site with a poodle? Find inspiration below.
- No jQuery or Foundation JS
You won't benefit from many of the reusable components, but here's a bare bones visual implementation.
- Latest jQuery
Want to use jQuery 2.x?
- Lite version
Load just the basic styling and skip formatting for things like tabs, tables, and custom JS.
- Bootstrap
If you're a Bootstrap user unable or not interested in using the bundled Foundation Framework CSS+JS, here we bundle the bare-bones lite version with Bootstrap.
- jQuery UI
Use jQuery UI.
- JS Frameworks like AngularJS, React, Ember.js, Vue.js
Basic guidance with dos and don'ts.
- Angular 4
A simple boilerplate that does the basics.
- Poodles
Yep.


Bank Account Number
Balance
Date
Account
Description
Transaction to or from
Amount
Make a transaction
Go back


| GSI |
Shaowei Lin |
| Email |
shaowei at math dot berkeley dot edu |
| Office |
737 Evans |
| Office hours |
Mon 01:30 PM - 02:30 PM
Tue 01:00 PM - 02:00 PM |
| |
|
| Course Instructor |
Paul Vojta |
| Course Website |
http://math.berkeley.edu/~vojta/1b.html |
| Course Syllabus |
http://math.berkeley.edu/~vojta/syll.pdf |
| Course bSpace |
https://bspace.berkeley.edu/ |
| |
|
| Section Number |
101 |
| Section CCN |
54044 |
| Section Grading |
10% Homework, 15% Quizzes |
| Homework |
Due every Wednesday in section. No late homework. Graded 0, 1, 2 points. Three worst grades will be dropped.
You are encouraged to form problem solving groups. Discuss among yourselves but write up your own solutions.
Please list the names of the people you worked with on the front page of your assignment. |
| Quizzes |
Every Wednesday in section. No remake quizzes. Graded out of 10 points. Three worst grades will be dropped.
Typically, they will take 15 mins with 2-3 questions like those in the homework just submitted. |
| 03 Nov (Tue) |
Review session (optional). 1-3pm. 72 Evans. |
| 04 Nov (Wed) |
HW10 deadline pushed to following Monday. |
| 05 Nov (Thu) |
Midterm 2. |
| 09 Nov (Mon) |
HW10 due. |
| 11 Nov (Wed) |
Veteran's Day. No section. HW11 deadline pushed to following Monday. |
| 16 Nov (Mon) |
HW11 due. |
| 18 Nov (Wed) |
HW12 due. Double Quiz (on material for HW11, HW12). |
| 23 Nov (Mon) |
You may submit HW13 if you like. |
| 25 Nov (Wed) |
HW13 due. Thanksgiving week, no quiz. |
| 26 Nov (Thu) |
Thanksgiving. |
| 30 Nov (Mon) |
Section as usual. |
| 02 Dec (Wed) |
HW14 due. Last quiz. |
| 07 Dec (Mon) |
8-9am Optional review session. 1:30-2:30pm Office hours. |
| 08 Dec (Tue) |
1-2pm Office hours. |
| 09 Dec (Wed) |
8-9am Optional review session. HW15 due. |
| 10 Dec (Thu) |
Review session cancelled. |
| 14 Dec (Mon) |
No section. 1:30-2:30pm Office hours. |
| 15 Dec (Tue) |
1-2pm Office hours. |
| 16 Dec (Wed) |
Final exam. 12:30-3:30pm. |


Emotional Intelligence Device
Our Team
Heather Jackson
Information about Heather
Natalie Mason
Information about Natalie


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load staticfiles otree_tags %} {% block title %} {% if group.tentative_formed_coalition_name != 'ABC' %} Phase V: Ratify coalition or form new tentative coalition {% else %} PHase V: Ratify coalition {% endif %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% if group.tentative_formed_coalition_name != 'ABC' %}
{% if player.position in group.counter_proposed_coalition_name %} Party {{ group.not_in_tentative }} has made an alternative offer to you. Please select whether you want to ratify the tentative {{ group.tentative_formed_coalition_name }}-coalition or accept the alternative offer and form a new tentative coalition with party {{ group.not_in_tentative }}. You can also choose to select neither offer and go to Phase I: Making Offers in a new round. {% else %} Party {{ group.not_in_tentative }} has made an alternative offer to form a {{ group.counter_proposed_coalition_name }}-coalition. Please indicate whether you want to ratify the tentative {{ group.tentative_formed_coalition_name }}-coalition. If you choose not to ratify the tentative coalition and the alternative offer is not accepted you will go to Phase I: Making Offers in a new round. {% endif %} {% else %}
A tentative ABC-coalition has been formed. Please select whether you want to ratify this coaliton. If all parties ratify this coalition, it will be formed. If one of you does not ratify the coalition, you will go to phase I: Making Offers in a new round.
{% endif %}| Proposed Coalition | {% if not earned %}Share party A (received {{ resources_player_A }} seats) {% if player.position == 'A' %} This is you {% endif %} | Share party B (received {{ resources_player_B }} seats) {% if player.position == 'B' %} This is you {% endif %} | Share party C (received {{ resources_player_C }} seats) {% if player.position == 'C' %} This is you {% endif %} | {% elif earned %}Share party A (earned {{ resources_player_A }} seats) {% if player.position == 'A' %} This is you {% endif %} | Share party B (earned {{ resources_player_B }} seats) {% if player.position == 'B' %} This is you {% endif %} | Share party C (earned {{ resources_player_C }} seats) {% if player.position == 'C' %} This is you {% endif %} | {% endif %}Tentative coalition or alternative offer | {% for coalition, all_A, all_B, all_C, origin in offers2 %}
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ coalition }} | {% if all_A > 0 %}{{ all_A }}{% endif %} | {% if all_B > 0 %}{{ all_B }}{% endif %} | {% if all_C > 0 %}{{ all_C }}{% endif %} | {{ origin }} |
Select the coalition you want to form:


Star Wars: Attack of the Clones Black Series Figure Reveals From Europe
by Luke Y. ThompsonNext year will only mark the 18th anniversary of Episode II in Star Wars‘ Skywalker saga, but Hasbro seems to be treating it as a special anniversary anyway. On the heels of revealing Anakin Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi in their Attack of the Clones outfits, the company now offers up more friends and foes for them. Fresh from conventions in Lucca, Italy, and Barcelona, Spain, new 6-inch reinforcement reveals help to begin your own Clone Wars.
Bolstering the ranks of the Jedi, council masters Kit Fisto and Plo Koon join the action. Casual viewers may remember them as the green tentacle head and the alien in a gas mask. Fans of the Clone Wars cartoons, however, including the original Genndy Tartakovsky 2-D shorts, saw these characters expand into further adventures.
RELATED: The Mandalorian Finally Speaks In the New Trailer For the Series
Heroes, though, must be balanced with more villains to fight. And a long-awaited one now approaches. Count Dooku, a.k.a. Darth Tyranus, the guy who hired Jango Fett as the clone army template, finally sees his way into the 6-inch scale. Let us not forget that the actor who portrayed him was the late Christopher Lee, of Hammer horror fame. With frequent former costar Peter Cushing already in the line as Grand Moff Tarkin, it’s a reunion of sorts. Customizers, get cracking on some Draculas and Frankensteins!
Dooku comes with a new kind of bonus lightsaber blade, simulating the look of the weapon in motion. We’ve previously seen Hot Toys use this alternate look, but this marks Hasbro’s first go at making such a swap-out. The Count is bolstered by the red Geonosis Battle Droid, which can fold up into a smaller size convenient for storage.
Check out more images of each new Clones Black Series figure below. Which one do you like best? Tell us in comments, so that begun this discussion will be.


{% extends "layout/default.html" %} {% block title %}Home{% endblock %} {% block content %}
A place to learn how to code Python that feels like playing a game.
Get started


At first, pairing was a foreign concept, but now, I need it. I realized that my interpretation of the problem can be diverse and not diverse in a good way. There's a higher chance that I may read a problem completely wrong when I'm reading it alone. When I pair, I find that there's a better chance that we're heading in the right direction because we are each other's sounding board. I'm not saying that we would get it right 100% of the time, but it's darn closer than when working alone.
The fun part is the back and forth sharing of ideas and creativity. There's always a shortcut somewhere that someone knows of or something interesting that I didn't realize.
There are frustrating times of course when the solution or the problem itself is not clear to either of us. In those cases, we go into what I like to call the "Questionmark State." That's when both of us start saying things like 'What does that mean?', or 'that looks kinda weird....' But being able to say that out loud to each other is rather funny in of itself and relieves quite a bit of my internal stress. My thought bubble in my cartoon mind: "Phew...  (It's a triumphant "haHA!").
I feel smart when I read my feedback!! There's so much love in the air! I'm like pumba singing "Can you feel the love tonight..." as I read the feedback about what had transpired between me and my partner. sigh... so wonderful...
The feedback is not only helpful to keep me going when times are tough, it's also a stress reducer, which in turn keeps my mind open to learning!
Based on the feedback I've received, I need to pair MORE. I haven't done enough pairing. I'm also behind on my work! I also need to share my personal notes more. Apparently, the nerd side of me takes exhorbitant notes and someone I partnered with thinks they're actually useful! They are useful... but get in my brain already!!!
Writing feedback is pretty difficult... when I partner with someone, I really enjoy the back and forth. Finding something to improve on, however minute, is difficult for me when I enjoyed the interaction.... why fix something that isn't broken???
Pairing and feedback is a great way to learn. Learning should happen with People! I dislike (almost to the point of hate) learning in isolation.... in my living room... all by myself... day in and day out... geez, what happened to the Socratic method of discussion among a diverse group of students. Where we foster ideas together... and be merry.


"For God loved the world in this way: so much that he would give up his Son, The Only One, so that everyone who trusts in him shall not be lost, but he shall have eternal life."
John 3:16
{% endif %}
{% for blog in blogs %}
{{blog.title}}
{{blog.blog_content | truncate(200)}}
{% if blog.user.profile_photo %}
{% else %}
{% endif%}


Converting Pointer-Based Algorithms to Zero Copy Arrays
13 Feb 2015In my last blog, I demonstrated
how VTK's new "zero copy" infrastructure can be used to develop data arrays
that use memory layouts different than VTK's default. Many of VTK's algorithm
will work out of box with these arrays - the ones that depend on virtual
methods such as SetTuple()/GetTuple()
and SetValue()/GetValue()
. However,
certain algorithms need to be modified slightly. We'll cover how this can
be achieved here.
If you pass a subclass of vtkMappedDataArray<>
to an algorithm that accesses
the raw data pointer of an array via the GetVoidPointer()
method or its ilk,
you will see the following error at runtime:
Warning: In /Users/berk/Work/VTK/git/Common/Core/vtkMappedDataArray.txx, line 47
19vtkImagePointsArrayIdE (0x7fa939c0ecd0): GetVoidPointer called.
This is very expensive for vtkMappedDataArray subclasses, since the
scalar array must be generated for each call. Consider using a
vtkTypedDataArrayIterator instead.
If you see this error, it may be a good idea to refactor the offending algorithm
to avoid this deep copy (which is slow and wastes memory). As an example, let's
consider a piece of code that uses the vtkImagePointsArray
from the last blog.
vtkNew<vtkRTAnalyticSource> source;
source->SetWholeExtent(-100, 100, -100, 100, -100, 100);
source->Update();
vtkImageData* wavelet = source->GetOutput();
vtkNew<vtkImageData> img;
img->CopyStructure(wavelet);
vtkNew<vtkImagePointsArray<double> > testPts;
testPts->InitializeArray(img.GetPointer());
testPts->SetName("pts");
vtkNew<vtkPoints> points;
points->SetData(testPts.GetPointer());
vtkNew<vtkStructuredGrid> sgrid;
sgrid->SetDimensions(wavelet->GetDimensions());
sgrid->SetPoints(points.GetPointer());
sgrid->GetPointData()->SetScalars(wavelet->GetPointData()->GetScalars());
vtkNew<vtkGridSynchronizedTemplates3D> contour2;
contour2->SetInputData(sgrid.GetPointer());
contour2->SetValue(0, 200);
contour2->Update();
The idea behind this is to treat an image data as a vtkStructuredGrid
without
creating an explicit point array. Not very useful on its own but it can
be extended fairly easily to represent dataset not currently efficiently handled by VTK
such as a grid curvilinear in x-y but regular in z, a regular spherical grid etc.
When you run this example, you will notice the warning I mentioned above. The result
will be correct, however. If you track down the origin of the warning, you end
up in vtkGridSynchronizedTemplates3D()
:
template <class T, class PointsType>
void ContourGrid(vtkGridSynchronizedTemplates3D *self, ...)
{
int *inExt = input->GetExtent();
int xdim = exExt[1] - exExt[0] + 1;
int ydim = exExt[3] - exExt[2] + 1;
double n0[3], n1[3]; // used in gradient macro
double *values = self->GetValues();
int numContours = self->GetNumberOfContours();
PointsType *inPtPtrX, *inPtPtrY, *inPtPtrZ;
PointsType *p0, *p1, *p2, *p3;
T *inPtrX, *inPtrY, *inPtrZ;
T *s0, *s1, *s2, *s3;
int XMin, XMax, YMin, YMax, ZMin, ZMax;
int incY, incZ;
PointsType* points =
static_cast<PointsType*>(
input->GetPoints()->GetData()->GetVoidPointer(0));
The problem is in the GetVoidPointer(0)
call that asks for a raw pointer of type
PointsType
(double in this case). The solution to this issue is described in
detail in David Lonie's excellent Wiki page.
Using the method described by David, I converted vtkGridSynchronizedTemplates3D
.
The full code can be found here. The change is minimal. I first made
a change to the following function:
template <class T>
void ContourGrid(vtkGridSynchronizedTemplates3D *self,
int *exExt, T *scalars, vtkStructuredGrid *input,
vtkPolyData *output, vtkDataArray *inScalars,
bool outputTriangles)
{
switch(input->GetPoints()->GetData()->GetDataType())
{
vtkTemplateMacro(
ContourGrid(self, exExt, scalars, input, output,
static_cast<VTK_TT *>(0), inScalars, outputTriangles));
}
}
For those not familiar with VTK's template macros, vtkTemplateMacro
expands
to a switch statement that looks like the following.
#define vtkTemplateMacroCase(typeN, type, call) \
case typeN: { typedef type VTK_TT; call; }; break
#define vtkTemplateMacro(call) \
vtkTemplateMacroCase(VTK_DOUBLE, double, call); \
vtkTemplateMacroCase(VTK_FLOAT, float, call); \
vtkTemplateMacroCase_ll(VTK_LONG_LONG, long long, call) \
vtkTemplateMacroCase_ll(VTK_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG, unsigned long long, call) \
...
This allows calling a templated function such as ContourGrid
with the right
template type. See above for the original ContourGrid
signature with 2 template
arguments. I changed the single template argument ContourGrid
to the following.
template <class T>
void ContourGrid(vtkGridSynchronizedTemplates3D2 *self,
int *exExt, T *scalars, vtkStructuredGrid *input,
vtkPolyData *output, vtkDataArray *inScalars,
bool outputTriangles)
{
vtkDataArray* pts = input->GetPoints()->GetData();
switch(pts->GetDataType())
{
vtkDataArrayIteratorMacro(pts,
ContourGrid(self, exExt, scalars,
input, output, static_cast<vtkDAValueType*>(0),
inScalars, outputTriangles, vtkDABegin));
}
}
Note the usage of vtkDataArrayIteratorMacro
macro. This macro was introduced
by David along with vtkDABegin
and vtkDAValueType
. See his Wiki page for details.
I then changed the other ContourGrid
method as follows.
template <class T, class PointsType, class InputIterator>
void ContourGrid(vtkGridSynchronizedTemplates3D2 *self,
int *exExt, T *scalars,
vtkStructuredGrid *input, vtkPolyData *output,
PointsType*, vtkDataArray *inScalars, bool outputTriangles,
InputIterator points)
{
...
}
Note how points
is now of type InputIterator
which is a template argument
magically defined within the vtkDataArrayIteratorMacro
. This class leverages
the vtkMappedDataArray<>
API to provide pointer style semantics. This is it!
After these changes, the pipeline shown above can now be run without any deep
copies.
In future blogs, I will continue to expand on zero copy structures as well as dig into the cost of using these abstractions in terms of performance.


UK labour market: Are cracks starting to appear?
Uncertainty around Brexit and the scheduled December 12 election are contributing to a more pessimistic jobs outlook.
Demands of employers in the United Kingdom for staff grew in October at the slowest rate in almost eight years, a survey showed on Friday, underlining suspicions at the Bank of England (BoE) that the labour market may be losing its strength.
A monthly index of job vacancies from the Recruitment & Employment Confederation and global accountancy KPMG fell to 51.7 from 52.6 in September, its lowest level since January 2012.
More:
British pound dips back downward after Bank of England vote split
UK election rivals: Dueling promises from finance minister foes
BoE rate cuts to be considered if UK political turmoil continues
On Thursday, two of the BoE's nine interest-rate setters unexpectedly voted to cut interest rates, citing signs that the labour market - the bright spot of the UK's economy since the Brexit vote - may now be on the turn.
Friday's REC report - which is monitored by the BoE - showed permanent job placements fell for the eighth month running and at a faster rate than in September. This chimed with official data that showed job creation waning ahead of the aborted October Brexit deadline.
James Stewart, a vice chair at KPMG UK, said uncertainty around Brexit and a national election scheduled for December 12 had dampened companies' hiring plans.
"It's not just businesses that are being cautious, however, and over October, we've seen job seekers become increasingly nervous about making a career change," said Stewart.
The survey showed starting salaries for permanent staff rose at a solid pace in October, albeit more slowly than in September.
In a new set of forecasts for the economy published on Thursday, the BoE said it thought pay growth in the UK - which recently hit a more than 10-year high - was likely to cool off a little in the coming year.


The alternative we will consider here is to express the desired property in Lineal Temporal Logic (LTL), and to use the LTL2Buchi tool developed by Hans Svensson and distributed with McErlang to automatically translate an LTL formulae into a Büchi monitor (see User Manual).
We have model checked several interesting safety and liveness properties of the messenger example. Some of them can be found in the run.erl file. One such property can be informally expressed as follows: if a user who is logged on sends a message to another user who is also logged on then the recipient of the message will eventually receive the message. As mentioned before, McErlang allows access to the program states and the actions between states. We explain in the following sections how this information can be used to write properties.


ANOTHER DAY IN PARADISE (United States) A review by Mark R. Leeper in bullet-list form from the Toronto Internation Film Festival
CAPSULE: The overly familiar story of a gang of criminals hitting the road. After initial success mistakes and internal tensions take their toll. The moral is, of course, that crime does not pay. What makes this one worthwhile is the fact that James Woods just sizzles. Also starring Melanie Griffith. Rating: 7 (0 to 10), low +2 (-4 to +4)
- Larry Clark, director of KIDS directs a script by Christopher Landon and Stephen Chin, based on the book by Eddie Little. - There is little variation in James Woods's screen persona, but he does it so well. - Mel (James Woods), Sid (Melanie Griffith), Bobby (Vincent Kartheiser) and Rosie (Natasha Gregson Wagner). Uncredited role for Lou Diamond Philips as Jules. - Bobby and Rosie are junkies. Bobby supports them with smalltime crime like robbing cigarette machines. When Bobby is almost killed Mel saves his life, then realizes he would be useful for an upcoming robbery. Mel decides to mentor Bobby and Rosie. He tells Bobby that a professional thief does not have risks. He has everything planned out. - Melanie Griffith plays a likeable gun moll. - Echoes of THE ASPHALT JUNGLE and of THEY LIVE BY NIGHT, among others.  Some scenes are very, very violent. - Mel is dictatorial and gets angry fast. Also can be winning. - Mel sets up drug deals with uneven results. - Early on the gang is successful and the times are good, but it cannot last, and it quickly becomes clear that this is not much of a life anyone would want. - Woods has a very powerful screen presence. - This sort of story is very familiar. It has been done many times before.
Mark R. Leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright 1998 Mark R. Leeper
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Proprietary & Confidential. © 2012 R/GA
All rights reserved.
/
Proprietary & Confidential. © 2012 R/GA
All rights reserved.
/
¿Como crear experiencias IOT?


Robert Kipkoech
@Robaa
0798530725 Kapsabet, Nandi robertkipkoech.comStarted November 2018
Languages-
About
Hi I'm Robert a self taught, design thinking full-stack Front-end developer with a passion for motion design. I'm currently living in Kapsabet,Nandi. I'm an absolute geek and love geeking out on all things Linux and JavaScript.
First fell in love with web design 2 years ago simply because it made my Photoshop artwork come alive. Since then I have been hooked. Although my focus for now is heavily in both frontend and backend web development. My favorite development stack at the moment is React, UIkit, Node, MongoDB, Redis and Arch linux
Values I hold high are loyalty, reliability, authenticity and helping other achieve their success. Which is why I see projects through to the end and why I believe in not only creating beautiful software but also reliable and reflect the client's brand and that is easy to use so that it does not distract the a user experience
Whether it’s creating servers in Node, connecting to MongoDB databases or designing unique user experiences per device whilst still maintaining a consistent brand experience I will bring your ideas to life.
- HTML.......
- CSS.............
- Javascript...
- PHP...............
Hobbies
- Video Games
- Photography
- Music
- Blogging
PROJECTS
-
ProjectZambia @robertkipkoech - Jan 20
This was a online loan project build to test how i'd would work in Zambia. Built with Html,Javascript,CSS,bootstrap,SQL,PHP http://connect-academy.com/
#firefox#comunidad -
Online shop @robertkipkoech - Dec 19
School project when i was in Rwanda...Built with Html,css,lavarel,javascript,Mysqlhttp://connect-academy.com/ /
#firefox#comunidad -
Community Website @robertkipkoech - Mar 18
Created this for my people back there in my village http://connect-academy.com/ /
#firefox#comunidad
EDUCATION
-
Kenyatta University @Ku.ac
-
Moringa School @moringa
-
CISCO @cisco
CERTIFICATES
-
B.ed Arts @Ku.ac
-
CCNA @Cisco
-
Microsoft Tech @Microsoft
Contact us
-
Linkedln
-
Twitter
-
Whatsapp


{% include head-placeholder.html %}
{% include nav.html %} {% include header.html %} {% include call-to-action.html %} {% include info.html %} {% include program.html %} {% include form.html %} {% include sponsoring.html %} {% include portfolio.html %} {% include aside.html %} {% include volunteering.html %} {% include contact.html %} {% include map.html %} {% include scripts.html %}


These are mostly from high school, a few of the later electronics projects were done in my first year of college. After that, most of my personal projects were put on the backburner so I could focus on research work. This page is crudely ripped from my old website, so I apologize for formatting errors.
Here is a basic overview of my projects (Up to December 2019)
Full, in-depth documentation of my largest project, Aeronef, can be found in the YouTube playlist below.
The navigation is admittedly rather simple, but it can explore a pathway/building completely independently, without crashing. It also manages speed depending on the situation (i.e. slower when turning or when there is a wall ahead).
After nearly a year of working on the project, I decided that for better software testing, I would need more virtual maps to demo in— but there were none online. So, I decided to make a rather basic script to randomly generate a map for the car to test in.
This is the portion I have been most passionate about, as evidenced by the file’s line count (2280 lines of code). For the first couple of months, I used the lidar to take in data and find a “line-of-best-fit” between data-points, thus creating various walls. However, it was inefficient, and when a driving algorithm is inefficient, crashes are rather frequent. Eventually, I devised a new system, instead of making lines, I would treat the individual data-points as nodes. Once the data was taken in, the nodes were strung together, and unnecessary nodes were removed. This system is able to drive around a track, taking in well over eight thousand data-points, and create an accurate map of a mere forty nodes.
This project originated as a 3D particle simulator (which can be seen below), but soon progressed into an experiment with 3D functions. I realized that if I created a 2D-float-array, I could use the value of each index as the z-position, and the two array indexes as the x and y. Hence, by inputting a simple z=f(x,y) function, it could create a 3D rendering of it by drawing lines to adjacent indexes.
The first problem I had with this was how to handle 3D-rotations of perspective, and since I was unable to find much helpful information on how to use quaternions, I struggled with making it work. However, I eventually just settled on the admittedly inefficient method of rotationally-translating each point around the origin every render.
Eventually, while doing schoolwork, I realized I could alter my original method to graph polar functions. By replacing the float-array with a vector-array, I could instead have the array indexes represent the x-y orientation from the origin and store the x-y positions in the vector. This worked surprisingly well, and after I made an algorithm to panel the graphs and render them in order of distance from the observer, I started to realize the potential this program had.
Finally, I upgraded it to render parametric equations by using the x-index as a fourth variable, time. First, I made basic parametric functions with {x=f(t), y=g(t), z=h(t)}, but later added Euler approximation compatibility, using the y-index as a different initial position, with the input parameter being the derivative functions of each position variable.
I had made several particle simulators prior to this one, but since they were all 2D, I was always annoyed with my inability to model electromagnetism. Since electromagnetism is an inherently 3D force, as demonstrated by the right-hand rule, I knew I had to make a 3D-environment. So, I made this using Java’s Applet graphics library.
It can model gravity, electromagnetism, pressure, and collisions between particles and trace their paths.
I made this a couple of months ago, and at the time, it was pretty much my only large-scale project that involved much hardware. The original idea was born from a desire to take my team’s work in Autonomous Vehicles to the next level, but that never really worked out with my teacher. So it became a passion project until I finished it after a couple of weeks. I found the cart abandoned in the woods near my house, and using some electronics from my basement, managed to power it with electric motors. Eventually, I managed to make it controllable via a python script on my laptop.
I have currently spent over 110 hours working on this first Coilgun. I built it entirely from scratch using onshape to design the plastic frame, and buying misc parts (i.e. capacitors, copper wire, thyristors, switches, etc) online. It's been a fun way to spend my time while in quarantine, but is not working as well as I would like it to yet.
This is the current version my coilgun project. After I got more familiar with circuits, I found a way to make it work without an arduino, so I decided to start building a new, better coilgun. This version works with absolutely no software component, and is controlled entirely by my logic circuit.
Unfortunately, I had to start college before I was able to complete this project, and due to housing regulations, I was unable to bring it with me. However, I do hope to complete it eventually, and I am satisfied with its current operation and appearance.
I started this project after taking a class on logic circuits second semester of college. The basic idea was to design and build a basic wall-following circuit for an RC car I had and some HC-SR04 sonar sensors. While working on my AV project in high school, I realized you can make the car run reasonably well through a course by just assigning the turn angle to the ratio of left-right wall distances, and control the speed with the forward distance. For this project, I implemented this algorithm with analog and RTL components. The distances were measured by controlling the sonar sensors with 555 timers to send the initial pulse, and counters to measure the time it takes to receive the signal back. I then used basic mathematical ICs to find the ratio. Finally, since the motors were controlled via PWM, I built an analog-PWM converter.
I made this as an optional final project for the analog circuits class I took thir


Cuts the content string after a specified number of characters. If "boundaries" is true, cuts the string at the closest word boundary
before the number of characters you specified. This is equivalent to using .
Hello world!
content - the string to be cut
param - the (maximal) number of characters to display, and optionally a string to be appended after the cut string.
boundaries [0] - if true (1), the string will not be cut inside a word
See also .


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public abstract class UtcRules
extends java.lang.Object
This class defines the UTC time-scale including when leap seconds occur. Subclasses obtain the data from a suitable source, such as a file.
The static methods on this class provide access to the system leap second rules.
These are used by default in UtcInstant
and TaiInstant
.
Using other rules requires manual use of this class.
The system rules can be updated using the file org/threeten/extra/scale/LeapSeconds.txt
.
You can create your own version of this file and place it on the classpath
and it will be used.
Serializable
wherever possible.| Modifier | Constructor | Description |
|---|---|---|
protected |
UtcRules() |
Creates an instance of the rules.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method | Description |
|---|---|---|
java.time.Instant |
convertToInstant(TaiInstant taiInstant) |
Converts a
TaiInstant to an Instant . |
java.time.Instant |
convertToInstant(UtcInstant utcInstant) |
Converts a
UtcInstant to an Instant . |
TaiInstant |
convertToTai(java.time.Instant instant) |
Converts an
Instant to a TaiInstant . |
TaiInstant |
convertToTai(UtcInstant utcInstant) |
Converts a
UtcInstant to a TaiInstant . |
UtcInstant |
convertToUtc(java.time.Instant instant) |
Converts an
Instant to a UtcInstant . |
abstract UtcInstant |
convertToUtc(TaiInstant taiInstant) |
Converts a
TaiInstant to a UtcInstant . |
abstract int |
getLeapSecondAdjustment(long mjDay) |
Gets the leap second adjustment on the specified date.
|
abstract long[] |
getLeapSecondDates() |
Gets all known leap second dates.
|
abstract java.lang.String |
getName() |
The name of these rules.
|
abstract int |
getTaiOffset(long mjDay) |
Gets the offset to TAI on the specified date.
|
static void |
registerLeapSecond(long mjDay,
int leapAdjustment) |
Adds a new leap second to the system default leap second rules.
|
static UtcRules |
system() |
Gets the system default leap second rules.
|
java.lang.String |
toString() |
A string representation of these rules.
|
void |
validateModifiedJulianDay(long mjDay,
long nanoOfDay) |
Validates combination of Modified Julian Day and nanosecond-of-day.
|
public static UtcRules system()
The system default rules are serializable, immutable and thread-safe. They will remain up to date as new leap seconds are added.
public static void registerLeapSecond(long mjDay, int leapAdjustment)
This method registers a new leap second with the system leap second rules. Once registered, there is no way to deregister the leap second.
Calling this method is thread-safe.
Its effects are immediately visible in all threads.
Where possible, only call this method from a single thread to avoid the possibility of
a ConcurrentModificationException
.
If the leap second being added matches a previous definition, then the method returns normally. If the date is before the last registered date and does not match a previous definition, then an exception is thrown.
mjDay
- the Modified Julian Day that the leap second occurs at the end ofleapAdjustment
- the leap seconds to add/remove at the end of the day, either -1 or 1java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if the leap adjustment is invalidjava.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if the day is before or equal the last known leap second day
and the definition does not match a previously registered leapjava.util.ConcurrentModificationException
- if another thread updates the rules at the same timepublic abstract java.lang.String getName()
public abstract int getLeapSecondAdjustment(long mjDay)
The UTC standard restricts the adjustment on any day to -1
or 1
.
Any leap seconds are added to, or removed from, the end of the specified date.
If the UTC specification is altered to allow multiple leap seconds at once, then the result of this method would return a number with an absolute value greater than one.
mjDay
- the date as a Modified Julian Day (number of days from the epoch of 1858-11-17)public abstract int getTaiOffset(long mjDay)
The TAI offset starts at 10 in 1972 and varies from then on based on the dates of leap seconds. The offset will apply for the whole of the date.
mjDay
- the date as a Modified Julian Day (number of days from the epoch of 1858-11-17)public abstract long[] getLeapSecondDates()
The dates are returned as Modified Julian Day values. The leap second is added to, or removed from, the end of the specified dates. The dates will be sorted from earliest to latest.
public void validateModifiedJulianDay(long mjDay, long nanoOfDay)
Modified Julian Day is a simple incrementing count of days where day 0 is 1858-11-17. Nanosecond-of-day is a simple count of nanoseconds from the start of the day including any additional leap-second. This method validates the nanosecond-of-day value against the Modified Julian Day.
The nanosecond-of-day value has a valid range from 0
to
86,400,000,000,000 - 1
on most days, and a larger or smaller range
on leap-second days.
mjDay
- the date as a Modified Julian Day (number of days from the epoch of 1858-11-17)nanoOfDay
- the nanoseconds within the day, including leap secondsjava.time.DateTimeException
- if nanoOfDay is out of rangepublic TaiInstant convertToTai(UtcInstant utcInstant)
UtcInstant
to a TaiInstant
.
This method converts from the UTC to the TAI time-scale using the leap-second rules of the implementation.
utcInstant
- the UTC instant to convert, not nulljava.time.DateTimeException
- if the valid range is exceededjava.lang.ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic abstract UtcInstant convertToUtc(TaiInstant taiInstant)
TaiInstant
to a UtcInstant
.
This method converts from the TAI to the UTC time-scale using the leap-second rules of the implementation.
taiInstant
- the TAI instant to convert, not nulljava.time.DateTimeException
- if the valid range is exceededjava.lang.ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic java.time.Instant convertToInstant(UtcInstant utcInstant)
UtcInstant
to an Instant
.
This method converts from the UTC time-scale to one with 86400 subdivisions per day using the leap-second rules of the implementation.
The standard implementation uses the UTC-SLS algorithm. Overriding this algorithm is possible, however doing so will conflict other parts of the specification.
The algorithm calculates the UTC-SLS nanos-of-day US
from the UTC nanos-of day U
.
Let L = getLeapAdjustment(mjd)
.
Let B = 86400 + L - 1000
.
Let US = U - L * (U - B) / 1000
.
Where the algorithm is applied while U >= B
.
utcInstant
- the UTC instant to convert, not nulljava.time.DateTimeException
- if the valid range is exceededjava.lang.ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic UtcInstant convertToUtc(java.time.Instant instant)
Instant
to a UtcInstant
.
This method converts from an instant with 86400 subdivisions per day to the UTC time-scale using the leap-second rules of the implementation.
The standard implementation uses the UTC-SLS algorithm. Overriding this algorithm is possible, however doing so will conflict other parts of the specification.
The algorithm calculates the UTC nanos-of-day U
from the UTC-SLS nanos-of day US
.
Let L = getLeapAdjustment(mjd)
.
Let B = 86400 + L - 1000
.
Let U = B + ((US - B) * 1000) / (1000 - L)
.
Where the algorithm is applied while US >= B
.
(This algorithm has been tuned for integer arithmetic from the UTC-SLS specification.)
instant
- the instant to convert, not nulljava.time.DateTimeException
- if the valid range is exceededjava.lang.ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic java.time.Instant convertToInstant(TaiInstant taiInstant)
TaiInstant
to an Instant
.
This method converts from the TAI time-scale to one with 86400 subdivisions per day using the leap-second rules of the implementation.
The standard implementation uses UTC-SLS. It uses
convertToUtc(TaiInstant)
and convertToInstant(UtcInstant)
.
taiInstant
- the TAI instant to convert, not nulljava.time.DateTimeException
- if the valid range is exceededjava.lang.ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic TaiInstant convertToTai(java.time.Instant instant)
Instant
to a TaiInstant
.
This method converts from an instant with 86400 subdivisions per day to the TAI time-scale using the leap-second rules of the implementation.
The standard implementation uses the UTC-SLS algorithm. It uses
convertToUtc(TaiInstant)
and convertToInstant(UtcInstant)
.
instant
- the instant to convert, not nulljava.time.DateTimeException
- if the valid range is exceededjava.lang.ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object
Copyright © 2010–2018 ThreeTen.org. All rights reserved.


Efficient Estimation of the Causal Effects of Stochastic Interventions
Authors: Nima Hejazi and David Benkeser
txshift
?The txshift
R package is designed to provide facilities for the construction of efficient estimators of a causal parameter defined as the counterfactual mean of an outcome under stochastic mechanisms for treatment assignment (Dı́az and van der Laan 2012). txshift
implements and builds upon a simplified algorithm for the targeted maximum likelihood (TML) estimator of such a causal parameter, originally proposed by Dı́az and van der Laan (2018), and makes use of analogous machinery to compute an efficient one-step estimator (Pfanzagl and Wefelmeyer 1985). txshift
integrates with the sl3
package (Coyle et al. 2020) to allow for ensemble machine learning to be leveraged in the estimation procedure.
For many practical applications (e.g., vaccine efficacy trials), observed data is often subject to a two-phase sampling mechanism (i.e., through the use of a two-stage design). In such cases, efficient estimators (of both varieties) must be augmented to construct unbiased estimates of the population-level causal parameter. Rose and van der Laan (2011) first introduced an augmentation procedure that relies on introducing inverse probability of censoring (IPC) weights directly to an appropriate loss function or to the efficient influence function estimating equation. txshift
extends this approach to compute IPC-weighted one-step and TML estimators of the counterfactual mean outcome under a shift stochastic treatment regime. The package is designed to implement the statistical methodology described in Hejazi et al. (2020) and extensions thereof.
For standard use, we recommend installing the package from CRAN via
install.packages("txshift")
Note: If txshift
is installed from CRAN, the sl3
, an enhancing dependency that allows ensemble machine learning to be used for nuisance parameter estimation, won’t be included. We highly recommend additionally installing sl3
from GitHub via remotes
:
remotes::install_github("tlverse/sl3@master")
For the latest features, install the most recent stable version of txshift
from GitHub via remotes
:
remotes::install_github("nhejazi/txshift@master")
To contribute, install the development version of txshift
from GitHub via remotes
:
remotes::install_github("nhejazi/txshift@devel")
To illustrate how txshift
may be used to ascertain the effect of a treatment, consider the following example:
library(txshift)
library(haldensify)
set.seed(429153)
# simulate simple data
n_obs <- 1000
W <- replicate(2, rbinom(n_obs, 1, 0.5))
A <- rnorm(n_obs, mean = 2 * W, sd = 1)
Y <- rbinom(n_obs, 1, plogis(A + W + rnorm(n_obs, mean = 0, sd = 1)))
# now, let's introduce a a two-stage sampling process
C_samp <- rbinom(n_obs, 1, plogis(W + Y))
# fit the full-data TMLE (ignoring two-phase sampling)
tmle <- txshift(W = W, A = A, Y = Y, delta = 0.5,
estimator = "tmle",
g_exp_fit_args = list(fit_type = "hal",
n_bins = 5,
grid_type = "equal_mass",
lambda_seq = exp(seq(-1, -9,
length = 300))),
Q_fit_args = list(fit_type = "glm",
glm_formula = "Y ~ .")
)
print(tmle)
# fit a full-data one-step estimator for comparison (again, no sampling)
os <- txshift(W = W, A = A, Y = Y, delta = 0.5,
estimator = "onestep",
g_exp_fit_args = list(fit_type = "hal",
n_bins = 5,
grid_type = "equal_mass",
lambda_seq = exp(seq(-1, -9,
length = 300))),
Q_fit_args = list(fit_type = "glm",
glm_formula = "Y ~ .")
)
print(os)
# fit an IPCW-TMLE to account for the two-phase sampling process
ipcw_tmle <- txshift(W = W, A = A, Y = Y, delta = 0.5,
C_samp = C_samp, V = c("W", "Y"),
estimator = "tmle",
max_iter = 5,
samp_fit_args = list(fit_type = "glm"),
g_exp_fit_args = list(fit_type = "hal",
n_bins = 5,
grid_type = "equal_mass",
lambda_seq =
exp(seq(-1, -9, length = 300))),
Q_fit_args = list(fit_type = "glm",
glm_formula = "Y ~ ."),
eif_reg_type = "glm"
)
print(ipcw_tmle)
# compare with an IPCW-agumented one-step estimator under two-phase sampling
ipcw_os <- txshift(W = W, A = A, Y = Y, delta = 0.5,
C_samp = C_samp, V = c("W", "Y"),
estimator = "onestep",
samp_fit_args = list(fit_type = "glm"),
g_exp_fit_args = list(fit_type = "hal",
n_bins = 5,
grid_type = "equal_mass",
lambda_seq =
exp(seq(-1, -9, length = 300))),
Q_fit_args = list(fit_type = "glm",
glm_formula = "Y ~ ."),
eif_reg_type = "glm"
)
print(ipcw_os)
If you encounter any bugs or have any specific feature requests, please file an issue. Further details on filing issues are provided in our contribution guidelines.
Contributions are very welcome. Interested contributors should consult our contribution guidelines prior to submitting a pull request.
After using the txshift
R package, please cite the following:
@article{hejazi2020efficient,
author = {Hejazi, Nima S and {van der Laan}, Mark J and Janes, Holly
E and Gilbert, Peter B and Benkeser, David C},
title = {Efficient nonparametric inference on the effects of
stochastic interventions under two-phase sampling, with
applications to vaccine efficacy trials},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.1111/biom.13375},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/biom.13375},
journal = {Biometrics},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{hejazi2020txshift-joss,
author = {Hejazi, Nima S and Benkeser, David C},
title = {{txshift}: Efficient estimation of the causal effects of
stochastic interventions in {R}},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.21105/joss.02447},
url = {https://10.21105.joss.02447},
journal = {Journal of Open Source Software},
publisher = {The Open Journal}
}
@software{hejazi2020txshift-rpkg,
author = {Hejazi, Nima S and Benkeser, David C},
title = {{txshift}: Efficient Estimation of the Causal Effects of
Stochastic Interventions},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4070042},
url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=txshift},
note = {R package version 0.3.4}
}
The development of this software was supported in part through a grant from the National Institutes of Health: T32 LM012417-02.
© 2017-2021 Nima S. Hejazi
The contents of this repository are distributed under the MIT license. See below for details:
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2017-2021 Nima S. Hejazi
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
Coyle, Jeremy R, Nima S Hejazi, Ivana Malenica, and Oleg Sofrygin. 2020. sl3: Modern Pipelines for Machine Learning and Super Learning. https://github.com/tlverse/sl3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1342293.
Coyle, Jeremy R, Nima S Hejazi, and Mark J van der Laan. 2020. hal9001: The Scalable Highly Adaptive Lasso. https://github.com/tlverse/hal9001. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3558313.
Dı́az, Iván, and Nima S Hejazi. 2020. “Causal Mediation Analysis for Stochastic Interventions.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 82 (3): 661–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/rssb.12362.
Dı́az, Iván, and Mark J van der Laan. 2011. “Super Learner Based Conditional Density Estimation with Application to Marginal Structural Models.” The International Journal of Biostatistics 7 (1): 1–20.
———. 2012. “Population Intervention Causal Effects Based on Stochastic Interventions.” Biometrics 68 (2): 541–49.
———. 2018. “Stochastic Treatment Regimes.” In Targeted Learning in Data Science: Causal Inference for Complex Longitudinal Studies, 167–80. Springer Science & Business Media.
Hejazi, Nima S, Jeremy R Coyle, and Mark J van der Laan. 2020. “hal9001: Scalable Highly Adaptive Lasso Regression in R.” Journal of Open Source Software 5 (53): 2526. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02526.
Hejazi, Nima S, Mark J van der Laan, Holly E Janes, Peter B Gilbert, and David C Benkeser. 2020. “Efficient Nonparametric Inference on the Effects of Stochastic Interventions Under Two-Phase Sampling, with Applications to Vaccine Efficacy Trials.” Biometrics. https://doi.org/10.1111/biom.13375.
Pfanzagl, J, and W Wefelmeyer. 1985. “Contributions to a General Asymptotic Statistical Theory.” Statistics & Risk Modeling 3 (3-4): 379–88.
Rose, Sherri, and Mark J van der Laan. 2011. “A Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimator for Two-Stage Designs.” The International Journal of Biostatistics 7 (1): 1–21.


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This example demonstrates a tool that can be built with an advanced-level knowledge of the MyGeotab system. It is suitable for those who have a well-versed understanding of the entire Geotab ecosystem and are confident with the MyGeotab SDK and leveraging the MyGeotab APIs within their projects.
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The Country Cottage is located in the beautiful town of Milton Florida. Only three miles from Whiting Field, you will love the close proximity to everything, while still enjoying the peaceful experience of living in the countryside.
The Country Cottage has been designed to give you the ultimate confort and modernness. You will love living here.
The Country Cottage allows you to enjoy a spacious 1/2 acre lot. You will love all of the space that you can enjoy outdoors.


{% extends "header.html" %} {% block body %}
In this Flask web development tutorial with Python, we cover the addition of Flask variables in your HTML, templates, and some logic.
The idea here is that we can use Python to generate variables that appear in our pages. Take a table, for example, with values in it that correspond to prices of items in a store. We want this table to be dynamic to the changing prices in our database, so we'd want to fill the table with variables rather than having to manually edit the HTML every time a price changes.
To do this, we're also using templates, which are HTML code that act as "Templates" for our website. Templates contain a bunch of HTML code that we expect to use often with our site, with some variable and dynamic aspects that differentiate between pages. The most basic form of template is one that contains everything from your navigation bar and up. Since this should usually remain identical on every page of your site, this would be an example of what you would want to template.
We also cover using try-except for error handling. It can be useful to have the exceptions logging the errors in a log file at the very least.
First up, a quick example of try-except returning a string from the exception:
from flask import Flask,render_template app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def homepage(): try: x += 5 return "Hi there" except Exception, e: return str(e) if __name__ == "__main__": app.run()
The above will return the error that x is not defined in the browser, rather than an HTTP error. You can use this to handle some of the errors on your page. I wouldn't recommend actually displaying the error to the page, but you can instead log the errors to a file, or send yourself an email that an error occurred and some information about it. There are custom HTML error handling options with Flask that we'll cover later as well, like 404 not found. It is not a good idea to display errors to the user in the browser, as this can often give direct insight into the inner-workings of your website. To the typical user, this is okay, but displaying this data to a hacker, who might be purposefully causing these errors, this can be very bad.
Next up, templates.
In your templates directory, add the following as "index.html"
<!DOCTYPE html>
{{ title }}

 {% for p in paragraph %}
{{ p }}
 {% endfor %}
See the {{ title }} ? This is how we can pass variables from Python to our HTML page. So, the double curly braces denote variables. You'll see how we pass them to the index page, but they are passed as function parameters.
Next, you can see the:
{% for p in paragraph %}
{{ p }}
 {% endfor %}
Whenever you see the curly braces with percent symbols, it means a statement is being invoked. In this case, a for loop. We can also do if, else, and elif very easily. Take note, however, that we are required to use "end" statements too. HTML does not work like Python does in the sense that tabs denote blocks of code. Without explicitly stating where the end of the loop or statement is, you will find yourself with an error.
If you're following along via the videos, make sure you watch both, there are two videos on this subject before we get into Bootstrap.