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Download
self-contained, no-dependencies, easy-to-hack javascript code under the
MIT licence
from Github » or as separate files:
Release 2015-03-25.
User interface for trying out all the functions:
Solvers for experimenting with different algorithms are self-contained:
Utilities are also self-contained:


Ooops, we could not establish a connection using these credentials
Let's fix them
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>_host
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>_password


FlightSurety
Airlines
Insurances
Admin
Current user
Airlines
Match airline name with current user address (required to select flights)
Assign airline name to current address
Assign
Overview of airlines status
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Address
Name
IATA
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Enter address of airline to register
Register
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Enter amount of funding for current user (in ETH)
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Select (funded) airline to purchase flight insurance on
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Enter amount insured for current user (in ETH, max 1 ETH)
Buy
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FlightSuretyApp is operational


Writes native Excel files quickly and easily, including formatting and multiple sheets. Generate Excel files for ASP.NET sites or .NET applications. Doesn't require Excel on the server or any licensing. Compatible with Excel versions 97 and up.
See example code of the simplest possible use of MyXls to generate a blank workbook with one empty sheet, a Hello World example, and a sort of Wacky examply showing writing values as well as adding formatting and specifying metadata. All examples show the actual code-behind files in C# or VB. Stay tuned for VB.NET versions of these as well!
MyXls started as a port of ASPBIFF8 from VBScript to C#.NET and is now a project in its own right. Functionality has been added and performance and ease of use improved by way of .NET's much richer native capabilities.
Further back, the Excel File Format (BIFF8) Specification and Microsoft Compound Document (OLE2) Format Specification generated by OpenOffice.org were the detailed blueprints without which this project would not have happened.
Personally, though, it would not have happened without my own bullheaded determination to do something that made me (feel like) a better programmer. I have learned more than I ever thought I wanted to know along the way (binary, endianness, IEEE 754 floating points, charsets, unicode, hexadecimal, etc.).
See the SF.net Project Page for downloads, support, or further information which may not yet be available on this site.
You can get more details about some alternative (free) and some of the above methods at AdvanCode.com, including the following methods:
If you would like help, to help, or otherwise, please submit a support request through our SourceForge.net project page, or contact the lead developer from that page.


Hello there! I am a Grade 12 Arts & Design student passionate about the intersection of art, technology, and humanity. As an aspiring graphic designer and illustrator, I develop visual identities for advocacies through the use of colorful artwork and collage. When I'm not playing around with my computer, you can find me at a studio, dancing my heart out. ❤


| DOSE: |
9 g |
oral |
Cacti |
(extract) |
| |
repeated |
smoked |
Cannabis |
(plant material) |
This is the sort of thing one needs to process. So I type this, in an attempt to share and to perhaps give myself some answers, should I be able to find them. Psychedelics might show a few things, but I haven't yet found them to offer truth with a capital T (which rhymes with 'P', which stands for 'Pedro, San' [okay, it's a stretch, but show me someone else who works a 'Music Man' reference into a trip report]).
San Pedro, San Pedro. We'd met before, oh yes. San Pedro was my
first doorway into the psychedelic world, those ten months ago. It was beautiful, it was inspiring, and it was immediately something I wanted to access frequently. But I didn't want to drink cactus tea frequently, or rather ever again. In the meantime, I decided to try mushrooms, and so grew and consumed my own batch, ultimately tripping twenty to thirty times since the fruits first popped up in January (it's August now).
Towards the end of the mushroom supply I had, I decided that I wanted to make taking psychedelics a weekly sacrament, a day to spend with God (which I define at the process by which everything is; thus everything is a part of God). But I was lazy and short-sighted (and probably stoned much of the time) and didn't get the next cultivation going in time.
I'm not aware of being able to buy fruit bodies online, but you can buy cactus. I was feeling ready (and even a bit anxious) to enter cactus world again, but I was not ready to attempt tea a second time.
I did this with a whole half-pound of Peruvian Torch (since I'd had Pedro the first time and wanted to see if they differed). Well, half of a half pound. I just stuffed the powder as-was into capsules with the first half and swallowed forty or so before finding out it would have to be more like sixty to work. And I wasn't going to swallow sixty capsules in a short period of time.
So I did the tar thing with the second half of the batch, took it in dosages varying from three grams to six, had very little happen, and wondered if I was doomed to tea.
Before abandoning the plan fully, I figured on trying again with San Pedro powder. I acquired that, iso-ed it, stuffed it into capsules. I was looking for a strong trip this time, as trying to conserve the dwindling mushroom supply had resulted in lots of low-level trips. I hadn't had a really strong one since April, and I felt I was ready to see what else psychedelics could have in store for me.
To contextualize all of this in terms of me as a person: I'm 28, female, and suspect I could be defined as having Asperger's, but I haven't had it psychiatrically confirmed yet. I was in a depression (another in a fifteen-year cycle) before I started doing psychedelics, and didn't realize the problem was as big as it was until I was able to alter my mind and realize that it's possible for me to feel happiness, empathy, and connectedness with the people and things around me. Like, oh my God, I could do it. Just not all the time, unfortunately. Needing a more permanent, life-applicable solution, I sought out hypnotherapy, and with the help of guided meditation, was able to change my thought process and come out of the depression.
All along, psychedelics have been there to help me adjust to what changing one's very mind and thought process is like. I think being open to them and receptive to their lessons, particularly when it comes to the meaningless, limiting concept of self, has made it easier for me to let go of negative, long-standing associations that I've held on to for a long time.
Point being, I feel psychedelics have saved my life and are continuing to help me become a better person.
On to what happened yesterday!
I woke up at work at 6:00 AM, as I do every Monday morning. Went into the break room, got my bottle of orange juice out of the fridge, popped open the pill bottle and slid the eleven size 0 capsules into my palm. They weighed in at a little under nine grams. Six grams of Peruvian had done nothing for me the week before, and I wanted to do what I could to ensure this went differently.
The orange juice made the capsules very easy to swallow, masking every bit of capsule/residual cactus tar taste. They were down in about thirty seconds.
I cleaned the place up and was relieved by the day crew at 7:00. I'd been housesitting for my aunt and uncle, who live in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in eastern Los Angeles. They'd be coming home that day in the late afternoon, and I wanted to make sure the place was clean for them (besides me and my dog, there were also their two dogs, cat, and baby turkey and duck, so it was a dirty house by the end of four days).
My previous experiences with mescaline and mushrooms had told me that it would be two hours until I noticed any effects.
So why was it, that at 7:18, just a little over an hour after I'd swallowed the capsules, I was salivating like mad and looking for something that I could puke into? My options were a donut box with my breakfast in it, or the 3/4 consumed bottle of orange juice I was clutching between my thighs.
Back to the vessel from which it came. Puking while you merge from the 5 to the 2 (these are freeways) is something I suggest you never ever do, but it was so sudden and the vomits were so easy (more like drinking in reverse) that I never felt my driving was impaired.
The orange juice made it easier to throw up, but it did nothing to mask the bitter cactus alkaloid taste now in the back of my throat. I just wanted to get to my destination so I could rinse my mouth out and brush my teeth.
'Oh well', I thought, 'I guess that's this week's trip adventure. Puking up the dose before you could process it. I can't wait til those jars are colonized.'
Finally I exited the freeway and began to navigate the twisting, curving streets to their house on the hill. Can you see where this is going yet? I don't normally get motion sick, but I was taking those turns at probably five-miles-an-hour (empty roads at this time of day), hoping I could convince my body that the car was indeed just going straight, and that there was no side-to-side motion.
I eventually got up to the gate at the top of the sloped driveway, pressed the gate remote's button, opened my door, put the car in gear and the parking break on, stalled out the engine, and puked and puked and puked. More orange juice and bitter sludge, and eventually just air. Enormous gastral issues and cold sweats. Terrible, terrible.
After much expectoration, I was able to start the car, ease down the driveway, park, and drag myself into the house. I wasn't sure if I'd experienced the purge or not (I hadn't thrown up at all from mescaline before), and anyway, I was under the impression that one is supposed to feel better after purging. I felt just about as bad as I ever had from the worst flu (no temperature, thank goodness) or case of food poisoning I'd ever had.
I was too nauseous to ingest anything. I forced myself to rinse my mouth out, but I couldn't swallow water. Or anything else. I suspected that there was more throwing up to do, and I knew that I'd already gotten rid of all of the OJ, and that it would be much, much easier if I had something else in my stomach. I couldn't bare the thought. Couldn't even bare the thought of smoking some marijuana to help with the nausea, as even ingesting smoke or vapor seemed beyond my power.
I wanted to stop moving, but then I'd have nothing to focus on but the stomach gurgling, so I opened the door for the dogs and let the duck and turkey out. I was walking in teensy steps, like a nineteenth-century Geisha in a binding dress. Immediately after sitting, I was up again and out the door.
At some point while I was sprawled on the cold cobblestone walkway, heaving up bitter alkaloid spit, I apologized to the cactus that had been sacrificed for my sake. I was sorry that I had treated it so disrespectfully, dousing it in alcohol and stuffing it into capsules as I had. This had been a living being, and this is not how it had wanted to end up, vomited in the grass.
I sat back on the stone walkway, cold sweat pouring out of me. I questioned what it is I'm doing with psychedelics and what they're doing to my body. I had poisoned myself, and this was a punishment to my fragile physical self. I might be entertaining the mind, but that's only half of it. I have to treat my body better, can't expect that it will be able to handle everything I throw at it with ease.
I wanted to be lying down inside, so I shuffled in, stuck a DVD in the player, and eased myself onto the couch. The credits hadn't even ended by the time I realized I couldn't be doing that, so I went back outside and slouched in a chair.
Thirty seconds later, I'm again on my knees, paying my contrition to the cactus by returning it to the earth. I feel like this is the worst-possible scenario. My first mescaline trip had been a revelation to me, and I wanted to have that communion once more, but I never again wanted to endure this sort of bitter-alkaloid ordeal. I supposed that showing a little respect and just drinking the damn tea was the only way to go about it.
And then shortly thereafter, I suspected that I might trip, after all.
I went inside yet again, laid back down on the couch. My stomach was gurgling like mad and still feeling very weak, but I intuited that the vomiting was at last over. Well enough even to take a hit of cannabis from my pipe, which I found distasteful (on account of the resin), but I hoped would further help my stomach calm down. I opened up my computer and put on 'Pet Sounds,' an album I've been listening to often lately for its themes and wonderfully psychedelic music. I looked at the computer's clock: 8:17. Just two hours after I drank down the capsules and an hour since I'd puked up most of it. How were my visuals already revving up so strongly?
This house has many wonderful views of the mountains beyond, and so has many windows to show off the views (while still managing to be a very private piece of property). Through a window, I had a spectacular outlook of their garden and the mountains in the distance. In front of the window was a houseplant with great, green leaves. The sun had made it over the hills and was pouring light into the house; it was shining on these leaves at the perfect angle, making them a gorgeous transparently-opaque green. Even at my distance away from it, I could see the plant's individual cells moving in the leaves, gathering sunlight and processing chlorophyll.
The sun was rising high, and it was time to delight in its glory.
I began to think of the sun. I've found that mescaline loves it. So do mushrooms, but in a different way. But the sun is everything to the cactus. It understands that without it, there would be nothing but forever darkness, coldness, and lifelessness. Because of the sun, there was life; because there was life, there was consciousness. My consciousness was born from the sun, starlight pondering starlight. So many humans try so hard to deny this amazing fact of nature, and it has lead to the conquering attitude which has driven much human interaction with the natural world for the past few hundred years. But it's all right there every day in our faces, bringing light and life to this world and making everything possible. The cactus understands this and has helped me understand it more fully.
After half an hour or so of the worlds outside-and-in becoming more lively, I decided that I was well enough to take in some calories, which I was beginning to feel in need of. Something simple. I went out to the car and grabbed the donut and a few other items I'd left in my earlier haste to get inside. Thankfully it was just a sugar donut, carbs and sugar, simple things for my body to process. I wanted a soda to help settle my stomach, but there was nothing like that. OK, except for the club soda. I poured a glass of that and took both outside.
A psychedelic wonderland was out there, waiting for me. My first mescaline trip was very visual, but this might have been moreso. It might have been even more than I'd experienced on any of my mushroom trips, but it's difficult to gauge. Everything was alive, dancing, glowing, shifting and grooving. I grabbed my iPod, put it on random, and went to sit in a chair in the sun.
One of the first songs to come up was 'Space Beebop' by Yo La Tengo, a swirling instrumental piece. I closed my eyes and saw the most beautiful spiraling ribbons of fractalized rainbow light. Initially, it was kaleidescoping, but as the song became more repetitive, I latched onto one of the main 'ribbons' (which was itself comprised of thousands of shining filaments) and spun with it. I felt like I was twirling through the darkness on this light, riding an exhausting and never-ending rollercoaster. As the song went round-and-round, I began to feel dizzier and dizzier, uncertain of what I'd attached myself to and how to break free. The sun was shining hotly and I was sweating, feeling very caught up in the heat, the music, the spinning. It became too much, and I had to open my eyes and retreat back into the house.
The main room of this house is built like a mini Great Hall, with a fireplace on one end and a diagonal ceiling of naked wood and some big beams slanting up every few feet. The wood was particularly gorgeous, moving and shifting with a reflecting layer of light shuffling along; a transparent, shining shadow moving just out of sync.
It's at this point that the dissociation really kicked in. Maybe I'm not using the term correctly. But from about this time until much later in the day, I had no self to anchor to. I was aware of who I was and what was happening to me and why, but I couldn't accept that it was something that I was experiencing. I told myself again and again, 'You're tripping. This is something you want to be doing. This is your day off, and you have nothing else to be worrying about right now. Enjoy it.' But it was always as if someone outside of myself was telling me these things. Because 'I' honestly had no idea what was going on. Too much was happening for me to process, so I hid for a while and went on a sort of auto-pilot.
I've since come to think of it as truly living 'in the moment'. What that means is that I lacked any ability to place myself in the context of action and reaction. Self is constructed through memory; I don't mean of what your dad smelled like when you sat on his lap Christmas Eve when you were six, but simply from knowing where you are and what you are doing, and what you had just been doing prior. It's the sort of consciousness that elevates us Homo Sapiens: remembering things allows us to write the story of our lives and who we are. Truly living in the present is living without a history or anything to base your sense of self upon, which is the depersonalizing sensation that I had for much of the experience. I still managed to be aware and was obviously taking in details and forming memories, but this is what I mean by needing to process the experience. I need to be able to integrate my personal history with this day.
A problem with this auto-pilot is that the mind does not always know what's best for the self, so I would unintentionally do things that gave me anxiety. For example, 'Here Comes the Sun' popped up. 'Great,' I thought, 'I can bond with the plants in the sun, like the cactus wants to do.' So I sat in the grass among the flowers. The song was so cheery and the plants seemed to be very happy. Naturally, I decided to share the plant spirit for a while.  And it initially felt good to be a plant for a while, not having a care in the world, but the sun became too hot, and the song's cheeriness was almost cloying, so I had to turn off the iPod and dash off for a while, sitting in the shade until I could recover.
I ate some tortilla chips because I felt I should eat more simple food. They tasted terrible and I couldn't understand why I was eating them. I had to remind myself that it was for my own good. I ate some more and again wondered why I was doing it. Again, I told myself it was because I should. I looked at the mountains in the distance and reminded myself that I was here, that this was happening, that I needed to live in this moment and be aware of my place within it. I would slip into these long moments of observation with no processing. There was so much to look at that I couldn't figure out what I should be paying attention to or focusing on or thinking about. I'd passed the reflective trip zone and ended up in the 'along for the ride' lane.
I admit that I often get lost in my own thought, many times to the point of not noticing external stimuli. Since finding out that was a major perpetuator of my depression, I've been trying to be more aware of sensations. Another thing that this trip (and all psychedelic trips I've taken so far) reasserted for me was the amazing nature of the present and living awareness, appreciating the now. The present is all we have, and if I want something to get done, then I need to do it now. I feel that I'm calmer, more productive, and more appreciative (as well as generally happier) when I'm able to be with the actual rather than just the imagined, and few things reiterate this point like psychedelics do.
I wanted quiet reflection. The sloped backyard is also enormous and has lots of interesting features (vegetable garden, vineyard, pond). Plus, it's shady. Now that the day was getting quite warm, I decided to go into this other part of the yard.
The first spider web scared me a bit more than they usually do (arachnophobic, of course), but the second one really terrified me. I could see the spider that had built it scurrying off. Then I could see that there were spiders everywhere. And the fractalized light had me seeing silvery, shining, transparent cobwebs everywhere. I got into a bit of a panic, just five feet down this path. What was I to do? Where was I? What was the layout of this place? Is this the realm of the spiders where people can't come?
Oh yeah, I was going to the pond. And that's where I wanted to be. I'll defeat the spiders, like some valiant knight, or so I thought. I swung my water bottle up and down in front of me as I walked down the path, finally arriving at the bench next to the pond.
The neighbor's dog was apparently quite unhappy that I was there, so while I was trying to get some quiet reflection in this nice shady spot that I'd fought to get to, this little beast was yapping and yapping, a shrill, upset, anxious bark. I tried to ignore it, to breathe in a meditative fashion (in an attempt to connect myself to the moment), but the emotion behind his barking was making me anxious. In a bit of mild panic, I left the pond's side, slashing my way back through the kingdom of the spiders.
I was almost too overstimulated to breathe. Moving as fast as I could (I was getting better at it), I went to a quiet corner of the house and flung myself on a bed. So much light, so much movement, so much color: the things I were seeing were too intensely beautiful and delightful in their movements to be described. Everything was jeweled; everything was giving off its own light. Beautiful and terrible. I couldn't find myself within it. The lyrics to the songs that played randomly were my thoughts, and what I was listening to at the time was defining my sense of self. I drifted from being aware of the outer psychedelic world to the one inside and back again. They were equally confusing places to be, places without anything of certainty to grasp on to.
Physically, I was still feeling very uncomfortable. I was claustrophobic within my own skin, and when I did pay attention to physical sensations, I noticed I was still very nauseous. I would stretch and contort my legs, unable to work the cramped feelings out of my muscles. When lying down, I flipped from side to side, back to front constantly. I moved from one spot to another frequently, not staying in one place for more than fifteen minutes for the first two hours.
And I was very, very tired. I'd slept okay and could think of no reason to be this tired, aside from whatever the mescaline was doing. But when I'd close my eyes and be on the edge of zoning out, I would hear this terrible
BZZT frequency inside my head, like I was being zapped with sound internally. It felt like getting a shock within my brain, one I could hear, and one that jarred me and caused some pain each time. At the time, I equated it to having my brain scanned by a laser scanner, or hearing the sound of passing through a magnetic field. I'd never come across this before, but there were times when it was just so difficult to keep my eyes open, to stay with the overwhelming nature of what was happening to me. So I'd zone and and get a painful zap to bring me back to what was going on. I wondered if it was the mescaline spirit telling me that I couldn't turn away, now that I'd invited it inside.
The early part of the morning passed in much this way.  Thankfully there were times when the right song came on or I found the right thing to look at, and I could just calmly enjoy the visuals.
Time went on (I wasn't aware of it passing, but I have not yet been made unaware of its existence by drugs and know to check a clock from time-to-time) and the day got hotter. The early morning was swiftly becoming the early afternoon, and I had to face the reality of my situation: I had to manage to pull myself together long enough to pack up all of my stuff, clean the place up, and deal with the rest of the day. Which would mean either I could stay there until late in the evening (and have to explain to the returning family what was going on), or I would have to get behind the wheel to make the cross-city (and it's a bit city) drive home.
Luckily, that could wait. First I had to attend to packing. My movements were robotic and I didn't particularly feel like being active, but I was able to get through it. Then the cleaning. I find mescaline is offended by filth. It is a lover of all things beautiful, not of debris and detritus. Mopping the floor was interesting, particularly in that there was a second floor, comprised entirely of light, hovering just above the other floor (the one that wouldn't stop shimmying and slithering about). But I got through that, too. Even cleaned out corners that hadn't been cleaned in a long time. I was motivated to get it right (and to stall my departure).
It was about 2:30 in the afternoon when I decided to leave. The foothills were becoming hellishly oven-hot, which was making me very uncomfortable. It was the best time of day for getting through the freeways, with the lightest traffic. If I waited any longer, I would be driving with even more people for an even longer amount of time. I didn't want to do this, but I knew that I could. Had no doubts at all. Focus, focus, focus.  This is one of those times. Just don't do it.
(I guess I haven't mentioned it yet, but I'm a solitary person and all of my trips [minus those done with strangers in large crowds] have been done alone. I'm most comfortable alone, and it's important to be comfortable when tripping. I've never put myself in a situation that I felt I couldn't handle, but I know it would be very nice to have someone to drive me around when I get into these situations. Alas, I don't.)
Honestly, I'm a more dangerous driver when I'm sober.   Altered, I'm very, very careful. Hands are at ten and two, full focus is on driving the speed limit and getting to my destination safety. I got through it with no problems by paying close attention, focusing, not worrying about getting home as fast as I could. That doesn't mean I should have attempted it, but I managed.
[Erowid Note: Driving while intoxicated or tripping is dangerous and irresponsible because it endangers other people. Don't do it!]
Getting home was a relief. The temperature was about ten degrees cooler, for one. For another, my room is my sanctuary, and I hadn't seen it for four days. It felt good to return, to be in a place of familiarity, comfort and safety. I unpacked the car and threw myself onto my bed. My room is a very familiar tripping locale, and I took solace in recognized sights.
The focus I'd used when driving had toned down the trip a bit. Or maybe it was the fact that it was over seven hours since it had started. Things were still going stronger than they had during most other trips of mine, and I was still having difficulty finding myself outside of the moment (true 'living in the moment' without the self as contextualized through past experience and future plan is quite zombiefying), but a bit of the edge was gone. Maybe it was just the anxiety of tripping away from home that had been lifted.
I smoked a bit more pot, put on some music, and finally settled into a comfortable, fun trip. Previous to this, no moment would have been describable as 'recreational.' I could not have imagined dealing with that in a group setting, or an unfamiliar environment. I love tripping at live music performances, but an experience that strong would have been disastrous in that context.
I started to feel good about things. I still had some nausea and general body discomfort, was still having trouble integrating my self. I lit a candle and stared at the flame for about half an hour as I began to piece myself together again. The fractalized, lively flame was astonishing, and I meditated on the moment, trying to find myself again, wondering if I'd be different when I finally returned. Because this is the sort of thing that changes a person.
I figured food would be in order and threw some frozen bean and cheese taquitos in the oven (simple, caloric food, because I wasn't up for much yet). I sat down at the computer and wrote a bit about how vague and strange the day had been, and how I was using a candle and music to anchor my self, to give me something to hold on to.
The food sat around a while, uneaten. I thought that it was still food, even if it wasn't being consumed. It didn't have to fulfill its destiny to have its status affirmed.
I smoked more weed and watched the visuals strengthen again. Listened to my favorite songs and had a grand time. Took out a CD, turned it label-side down, and lost myself in the shifting rainbow colors on the silvery underside. The colors were astoundingly beautiful, shifting and flowing into each other, fractalizing and swirling. I'd been tripping for ten hours with no sign of it slowing down.
I apologized to my body for what I'd put it through and promised I'd treat it better. But the trip has eased into something so wonderful that I was no longer adamantly sure that I would never be swallowing cactus tar again, no matter how gut-wrenchingly horrible the early part of the day had been. An hour of terror for eleven hours (and counting) of psychedelic wonderland – that could be a trade-off I accept. And perhaps the large dose had something to do with the intensity of the sickness. Besides, now I know to drink a bit more with the capsules. When I wasn't just dry-heaving bitter cactus-flavored spit, the throwing up wasn't too bad.
I wanted to stay with the trip for as long as I could, maybe even stay up until it died out. But it was now after 9:00, and I'd been up since 6:00, and tripping for thirteen hours. It had been a bit of an exhausting ordeal, and I was very tired. And now that my mind was in a more empathetic state, I wanted to put on some of my therapeutic meditation to see if I couldn't work through more of the issues I'd felt the desire to deal with.
I turned out the lights, got comfortable in bed, put the meditation on, relaxed my breathing, and had fallen asleep by the time it was half-way through, about twenty minutes later.
I woke up this morning feeling refreshed and physically well. But there was still a sense of vagueness within me. I didn't know how to deal with the previous day's occurrences. I still felt like I hadn't been able to process what had happened, hadn't been able to filter it through my feelings of self and determine what happened within me. Writing this has helped me make more sense of it all, but now I question why I have to give all things an explanation, even an experience like this which is largely inexplicable.
What do I take away? One thing I got is a strengthened opinion of me as an individual. I have many problems with self-hate and have done a lot of psychological damage to myself, and I think that spending the day feeling rather soulless has made me more appreciative of the strengths and qualities I have within. Feeling depersonalized was like being in the doldrums.
Another thing I take away from psychedelic experiences (this one being no exception) is that you can't force anything; you have to just accept the nature of things and place yourself in the appropriate position. The strength of the trip reiterated to me that I don't have control over everything, even when it comes to my own life and mind. I can fight it or try to hide from it, but it will ultimately be best when I just go with it. I am not the boss of everything. There were difficult moments during the day, but I think that being able to accept what was happening prevented me from falling into a bad trip (something I have yet to experience).
But at the same time, I exist in a present, and I have choices. I can't determine the nature of anything else, but I do have the ability to take care of those things that are within my power. I also can't wait for the things that I want to just happen to me; I have some responsibilities proactively. This is the only moment when it's possible to get anything done. It's up to me to either do something with it, or to let it pass by forever.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Justin Beaver confessed something that even his greatest fan would have never expected of the skilled musicians and lyricist.The young rock-and-roller admitted that since he typed his first title tage his life became easier.It has been reported by those surrounding the Canadian that Beaver's privite mentors.Ryan Loselling and Nicolas often walk arround Los Angles diputing what a great tool the HTML validator is.
Beaver has already created some website and does not intend to stop there.,,I will probably have a song about HTML on my next album,"- the artist added.


Snap.hr is currently open to: developers, designers, data scientists and product managers.
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Your current employer will never see your Snap profile. And if there are any other companies you want to stay hidden from then just let us know.
First thing first, create your profile. Let companies know why you're the person for the job.
It's all sunshines and rainbows from this point on. Enjoy your new job!
Companies will apply to you with a salary and job spec up front.
If you’re still unsure of the benefits to Snap (there’s many) here are some common questions we receive.
I was really happy with the Product Development role that Snap found for me at Soho House. They didn't just focus on the tech stack but they also listened when I wanted specific requirements for my next role. I'm really happy where I'm working now, great experience all round.
masouda lkhadra
Snap helped me find an amazing opportunity as a Senior web developer at Moo. I like the fact that there's no middleman and that you speak directly to the company. Snap don't try to sell you anything, they just make the introduction and then leave you to it
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I was really happy with the Product Development role that Snap found for me at Soho House. They didn't just focus on the tech stack but they also listened when I wanted specific requirements for my next role. I'm really happy where I'm working now, great experience all round.
kadour ben


| |
Bringing
Divinity
closer to You
|
Weekly
Newsletter |
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|
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| Monday
- Friday 9am - 1pm & 5pm -
9pm
Saturday, SUnday: 9am - 9pm |
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Come Serve the
Lord * Shram
DhAn *
Anna
DhAn
* Dhan DhAn * |
|
|
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|
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SRI
GODHA JAYANTHI
(THIRU AADI POORAM)
Friday
- July 24, 2020
Sri
Godha Devi, also
known as Andal, is
an avatar of Sri
Bhooma Devi (Mother
earth). Sri Godha
Devi, was found by
Vishnuchittar,
popularly known as
Periazhvar, in his
garden under the
Tulsi plant. Because
of her patience, and
utmost benevolence
towards all living
beings on earth, she
taught us the most
easiest way to
perform bhakti to
Lord Krishna and
attain salvation �
always sing glories
of the Lord, always
keep Him in your
conscience, always
offer flowers to His
lotus feet.
Hope all can join and support this mega
Rajagopuram project.
The
event premier is scheduled from 11:30 am
- 1:00 pm at https://www.youtube.com/svtempleofnc
Please share with your friends and family.
Thank you |
|
Gurukulam
Admissions
S.V.Temple Gurukulam school started in
1999. This is one of the oldest Sunday
schools in the Triangle area where the
culture and traditions of the Indian
subcontinent are taught for the coming
generations to grow and imbibe the age
old traditions, values and wisdom.
As the community got attracted to this
effort, it has grown quickly in the
subsequent years. Every year new
services are being added, curriculum
being reviewed and upgraded, teachers
are being well equipped with teaching
materials. Age appropriate mythological
stories, arts, music, yoga and several
other activities are being taught
to our students.
The donation for the admission for the
academic year is $150. A copy of
completed Liability Form for each
student along with donation are required
on or before the first day of class. We
want all your children to have an
enriching experience and with your
assistance we can make it a truly
enjoyable one for all. Gurukulam
inaugural pooja will be on SEPTEMBER
12th, 2020. We will send a confirmation
notice with your seat assignment once
the enrollment process is complete.
Should you have any questions, please
send an e-mail to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Note: Due to the ongoing
pandemic all classes will be held
online. See flyer for more details.
SV Temple of NC Management |
Weekly
Events
Srivari
| 24 July (
Friday ) Sri Goda Jayanthi |
| 10:00 AM |
Sri Padmavathi
& Sri Goda Devi Abhishekam |
| 5:15 PM |
Divyaprabhandam
Sevakalam |
| 6:30 PM |
Kumkumaarchana
for Sri Padmavati Devi followed by
Veda and Stotra Paarayanam |
| 7:00 PM |
Pallaki Seva
(Goda Devi) |
| |
| 25 July (
Saturday ) |
| 9:00 AM |
Sri
Venkateswara Suprabhatam |
| 9:30 AM |
Divyaprabhandham
paarayanam |
| 10:00 AM |
Srivari
Abhishekam |
| 11:00 AM |
Bhajans by
devotees |
| 6:30 PM |
Hanumath
Sannidhi - Aaku Pooja |
| 7:00 PM |
Sri Vishnu
Sahasranama Paarayanam |
| |
| 26 July (
Sunday ) |
| 9:00 AM |
Sri
Venkateswara Suprabhatam |
| 10:00 AM |
Sri Garuda
Abhishekam |
| 11:30 AM |
Homam
(Srivaru) |
| |
| 28 July (
Tuesday ) |
| 7:20 PM |
Hanumath
Sannidhi - Sankalpam for Archana |
| 7:30 PM |
Hanumath
Sannidhi - Vada mala pooja with
Archana |
| 7:40 PM |
Chanting of
Sri Rama Raksha Stotram / Hanuman
Chalisa |
| 7:50 PM |
Hanumath
Sannidhi - Mangala Harathi / Prasada
viniyogam |
| |
| 29 July (
Wednesday ) Pavithrothsavam |
| |
| 31 July (
Friday ) Varalakshmi Vrat |
| 10:00 AM |
Sri Padmavathi
& Sri Goda Devi Abhishekam |
| 6:30 PM |
Kumkumaarchana
for Sri Padmavati Devi followed by
Veda and Stotra Paarayanam |
| |
Sivaalayam
| 24 July (
Friday ) |
| 7:30 PM |
Sri Lalita Sahasranama
Paarayanam |
| |
| 25 July (
Saturday ) |
| 9:30 AM |
Sri
Rudrabhishekam |
| 11:00 AM |
Navagraha
Abhishekam & Sri Shani
Tailabhishekam |
| 11:30 AM |
Swami Ayyappa
Abhisekam |
| 6:00 PM |
Bhajans by
Devotees |
| 7:00 PM |
Sri Subramanya
Abhishekam |
| |
| 26 July (
Sunday ) |
| 10:00 AM |
Sri
Rudrabhisekam |
| 11:00 AM |
Sri Ganesha
Abhishekam |
| 11:30 AM |
Rudra Homam
and Navagraha Homam |
| 7:00 PM |
Sivastuti
Chanting |
| |
| 27 July (
Monday ) |
| 9:30 AM |
Sri
Rudrabhishekam |
| 7:00 PM |
Sri
Rudrabhishekam |
| |
| 28 July (
Tuesday ) |
| 9:30 AM |
Sri Rudrabhishekam |
| |
| 29 July (
Wednesday ) |
| 9:30 AM |
Sri Rudrabhishekam |
| |
| 30 July (
Thursday ) |
| 9:30 AM |
Sri Rudrabhishekam |
| |
| 31 July (
Friday ) |
| 7:00 PM |
Sri
Rudrabhishekam (Pradosham) |
| 7:30 PM |
Sri Lalita
Sahasranama Paarayanam |
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धर्मो
रक्षति रक्षितः
| Dharmo
Rakshati
Rakshitah | Dharma Protects those who
Care for it
|
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|


WeWork Layoffs: 10 Things to Know About the Upcoming Job Cuts
Up to 6,000 employees may lose their jobs
WeWork layoffs are on the horizon and they could result in massive job cuts at the SoftBank (OTCMKTS:SFTBY) subsidiary.
Here’s what to know about the recent WeWork layoff reports.
- Two unnamed sources say that WeWork is preparing to layoff 4,500 people.
- That includes 2,000 to 2,500 people from its office subletting divisions.
- The closing of noncore businesses will also result in another 1,000 layoffs.
- Finally, the final 1,000 layoffs will come from building maintenance personnel.
- However, it’s also possible the WeWork layoffs could go as high as 6,000 employees.
- It’s currently unknown which divisions would see layoffs from this larger number.
- Also, this would have the company almost cutting its workforce in half.
- WeWork currently employees roughly 12,500 people.
- The exact time of the WeWork layoffs is still unknown.
- Despite this, Chairman Marcelo Claure did clarify that they will be coming this week.
The reports of WeWork layoffs come as no real surprise to anyone following news about the company. A rescue from SoftBank earlier this year also included a payout to co-founder and former CEO Adam Neumann.
The rest of the company’s fate was unsure at the time, but there were complaints about Neumann being able to walk away with large sums of money despite allegedly being behind its financial misfortune, reports CNN.
SFTBY stock was up 1.99% on Monday following news about the WeWork layoffs.
As of this writing, William White did not hold a position in any of the aforementioned securities.


Transferring your license to another machine
In order to transfer your Hextrapolate license from one machine to another you first unregister the existing installed copy and then register the copy on the new machine.
You can do this from within the Hextrapolate registration preference pane. Alternatively, you can copy the license file from one machine to another as described below.
To manually copy your license from one machine to another:
- Quit Hextrapolate.
- Using the Finder, go to your home directory and open the Library folder
- Inside the Library folder, open the Preferences folder
- Copy the file com.wincent.Hextrapolate.license.plist from the Preferences folder to the corresponding folder on your target machine.
There is no need to copy your activation certificate (com.wincent.Hextrapolate.activation.certificate.plist) to the new machine as these certificates are specific to the machine on which you performed the activation.


Higher Order Volume
- 3x higher vs regular daily average
- 1.6x higher vs. Black Friday Cyber Monday weekend of 2016
Higher Internet Traffic
- 93% higher than regular daily average
- Black Friday & Cyber Monday weekend daily average 6.36TB vs 3.30TB
Higher Page Views
- 42% higher than reqular daily average
- 58% higher than Black Friday & Cyber Moday weekend of 2016
Sales Event
- Some customers enjoyed 4X the growth vs last years's sales event


who am I?
I am Suzan , im 24 ,I love life, learning new things,
I always try to
develop my skills and I love drawing and being calm
Education
- I've graduated from AABU MODERN LANGUAGE
- now I'M STUDYING IN LTUCWEB DEVELOPERS
It is nice to learn a new language and get to know the culture of
a new country, and the Spanish language is easy.
I advise you to learn it, you will love it
My hobbies
I am good at drawing
And handcraft it gives me strength and
makes me comfortable. You should try these things
my experience
- one year experience as a teacher
I worked as a teacher for one year for the kids and it was a
very enjoyable experience
From this experience, I learned how to deal with children,
developed the skill of communication,
and became very patient and punctual
Course
I trained for 6 months with c-Hub like a carpentry. It was a very nice
experience in which
I learned about creative thinking and how to come up
with a new idea.
so I'm a MAKERS
Now at LTUC I am learning software development,
I learned how to write code and make very beautiful web pages
MY TOP TEN FOR MOVIES
- THE CALL
- SAW
- DEATH RACE
- THE EXPENDABLES
- ME BEFOR YOU
- CRANK
- FAST & FURIOUS
- final destination
- IT
- GRAND FATHTER


You can tweak the marker by passing any of the supported marker options of the Google Maps v3 API.
You can control things like animation and draggability.
var data = [{ lat: 28.381642, lng: -81.56376,
name: "Disney World" },
{ lat: 28.474907, lng: -81.466316,
name: "Universal Studios" },
{ lat: 28.411785, lng: -81.460018,
name: "Sea World" }];
("\#animation").kendoMap({
dataSource: data,
map: {
options: {
center: {
lat: 28.434783,
lng: -81.518497
},
zoom: 10
},
marker: {
template: "#: name #",
options: {
animation: google.maps.Animation,
draggable: true
}
}
}
});
You have quite a bit of control over the markers on the map. In fact, any value that can be passed to the markerOptions object can be passed in via the options object on the markers options object.
For instance, you can specify an animation using the google.marker.animation constant.
var data = [{ lat: 28.381642, lng: -81.56376,
name: "Disney World" },
{ lat: 28.474907, lng: -81.466316,
name: "Universal Studios" },
{ lat: 28.411785, lng: -81.460018,
name: "Sea World" }];
dom.find("\#infowindows").kendoMap({
dataSource: data,
map: {
options: {
center: {
lat: 28.434783,
lng: -81.518497
},
zoom: 10
}
},
marker: {
template: "\#: name \#"
}
});
It's more likely that you will have data points but not know the exact center of those points. In this case, you can "fit" the map to your bounds. This is turned off by default. You can enable it by setting fitBounds: true.
You will most likely want to set the zoom level as well or your markers will be at the edges of your map. Google Maps does not fit bounds and zoom at the same time, but the widget attaches a listener to the maps idle event and then applies the zoom for you.
var data = [{ lat: 28.381642, lng: -81.56376,
name: "Disney World" },
{ lat: 28.474907, lng: -81.466316,
name: "Universal Studios" },
{ lat: 28.411785, lng: -81.460018,
name: "Sea World" }];
dom.find("\#fitbounds").kendoMap({
dataSource: data,
map: {
options: {
zoom: 10
}
},
fitBounds: true,
marker: {
template: "\#: name \#"
}
});


Contrivance – A Platformer by Relfirm
View source code
Your browser does not support canvas
To fix the layout issue
Credits
Music: ThunderZone v2 by
Waterflame
Font: Cocogoose Narrow by
Zetafont
Graphics: Me in Inkscape
SAT.js by
jriecken
Platformer physics by
Griffpatch
(translated by me)


In this screenshot, you see how easy it is to do awesome stuff with our product.
If you aren't convinced by this screenshot, you'll never be.
This product changed my life!
A satisfied user
Best thing since sliced bread.
A satisfied user
It's kinda of "meh."
A not-so-satisfied user
It stinks!
Nobody


In this example a folder tree is created with different types of file system objects: folders, files and links.
Reminder 1: the folders' color is green and the links are blue. The files color is defined when created.
Reminder 2: In the simulation the folder size is 1 block, while the links do not occupy disk space, they are simply entries in its folder data.
| Tree | Type | Size Units |
|||
| C: | Folder | 1 | |||
| folder1 | Folder | 1 | |||
| file1.txt | File | 101 | |||
| file2.txt | File | 200 | |||
| folder2 | Folder | 1 | |||
| file3.txt | File | 35 | |||
| Folder3 | Folder | 1 | |||
| file4.txt | File | 120 | |||
| link1 | Soft link (to file1.txt) |
0 |
Block size is 1 unit.
Comments:


WIPEFS
Section: MAINTENANCE COMMANDS (8)Updated: October 2009
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
wipefs - wipe a filesystem signature from a deviceSYNOPSIS
wipefs [-ahnp] [-o offset] deviceDESCRIPTION
wipefs allows to erase filesystem or raid signatures (magic strings) from the device to make the filesystem invisible for libblkid. wipefs does not erase the whole filesystem or any other data from the device. When used without options -a or -o, it lists all visible filesystems and offsets of their signatures.OPTIONS
- -a, --all
- Erase all available signatures.
- -h, --help
- Print help and exit.
- -n, --no-act
- Causes everything to be done except for the write() call.
- -o, --offset offset
- Specifies location (in bytes) of the signature which should be erased from the device. The offset number may include a "0x" prefix, and then the number will be read as a hex value. It is possible to specify multiple -o options.
- -p, --parsable
- Print out in parsable instead of printable format. Encode all potentially unsafe characters of a string to the corresponding hex value prefixed by '\x'.
AUTHOR
Karel Zak<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The wipefs command is part of the util-linux-ng package and is available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux-ng/.SEE ALSO
blkid(8) findfs(8)
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:31 GMT, December 24, 2015


This is a green heading
This is a blue NVS
This is a paragraph
This is a SeaGreen heading
This is an another heading
This is an another heading 2
This is an another heading 2


Electronic music festival rocks Tunisian desert
TUNIS, Nov 17 — A two-day electronic music festival got underway yesterday in the southern Tunisian desert where the original Star Wars movie was filmed, drawing thousands of fans and star DJs.
As the sun set over the lunar-like landscape of the Sahara desert in Tozeur region near the Algerian border, people danced on dunes in the town of Nefta under heavy police protection.
Tunisia’s tourism sector — which accounts for around 7 per cent of GDP — was left reeling by jihadist attacks in 2015 on a museum and a tourist resort that left dozens dead, including 59 foreigners.
But the sector has since rebounded on the back of improved security, with an expected record total of nine million people visiting the Mediterranean country in 2019, according to industry officials.
“I adore such festivals in France but here in the desert and in the midst of this landscape it is magical,” said Melissa Fleury, a 22-year-old who travelled from France to attend.
The festival was first launched in 2014 but was put on hold the following year after the deadly attacks.
It is organised by a Franco-Tunisian hotelier with backing from the Tunisian tourism ministry.
This year the festival — named “Les Dunes Electroniques” — has drawn around 20 musicians, including award-winning Swiss-Chilean DJ Luciano.
Six thousand concert goers are expected to attend the festival which will run until today.
Fans are being treated to 30 hours of non-stop electronic music from across the globe, including traditional Tunisian rhythms, according to organisers.
The Tozeur region of southwest Tunisia where the festival is taking place served as a set for Anakin Skywalker’s village Mos Espa in the Star Wars films. — AFP-Relaxnews


Brief History
In 1949 Donald Hebb wrote a book entitled “The organization of behavior” which pursued the idea that classical psychological conditioning is ubiquitous in animals because it is a property of individual neurons. This idea was certainly not a new one, but Hebb took it a step further.
Donald Hebb hypothesised in 1949 about how neurons are connected with each other in the brain. “When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic chance takes place in one or both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.
Neurons that fire together, wire together, Neurons that fire out of sync, fail to link
Architecture
There are 2 popular forms of the model for a Hopfield Network.
- Binary neurals with discrete time, updated 1 at a time
- Graded neurons with continuous time
In both of these forms however, the hopfield network consists of a single layer which contains one or more fully connected recurrent neurons.
Weights between the nodes can be represented as a matrix. Where \(W_{ij}\) the weight between the \(i^{th}\) node and the \(j^{th}\) node. The matrix is symmetrical meaning \(W_{ij}\) = \(W_{ji}\) Neurons do not connect to themselves meaning \(W_{ii} = 0.\)
The input and output patterns can be described as discrete vectors, which can be either binary (\(0\),\(1\)) or bipolar (\(+1\),\(-1)\) in nature. In either case a neuron is either ON or OFF. Normally bipolar vectors are used.
Hopfield network is initially trained to store a number of patterns which we would conceive of as memories. The network is then able to recognise any of the learned patterns by exposure to a part of the pattern or even some corrupted information about that pattern.
The number of patterns a hopfield network is able to store is usually around \(0.18 * n\) where \(n\) is the number of neurons. The output of each neuron should be the input of other neurons but not the input of self, i.e any neuron’s output should be calculated from the input of other neurons, but never from itself. Connections should be excitatory as well as inhibitory. It would be excitatory, if the output of the neuron is the same as the input, otherwise inhibitory.
Training a Hopfield Network
There are many systems by which a Hopfield network can be trained but all are based on 1 core idea: the changing of synaptic weights. In general this means that for a given input, the weight for two connected nodes in the same state is increased, but the weight between connected nodes in opposite states is decreased.
A learning rule will have two useful properties - being local and/or being incremental. A rule is local if for every update only the information from the nodes whose weight is updated is used, and incremental if no information about previously learned patterns is required (to learn a new pattern?).
A third very important rule is the capacity, which is the number of patterns per neuron that the network can 'remember'. The most commonly used learning rule for Hopfield networks is Hebbian learning, which was devised by Donald Hebb in 1949. Hebbian learning is defined by the following formula: $$W_{ij} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{\mu = 1}^{p} \epsilon_{i}^{\mu} \epsilon_{j}^{\mu}$$
Therefore, Hebbian learning consists of setting the new weight between nodes \(i\) and \(j\) to the average product of the states of these two nodes.
First we need a number of patterns to impress onto our network. Let’s say our network has \(n\) number of nodes, and we have \(m\) different patterns. We can turn each pattern in a column vector where \(P_{1i}\) represents the state of neuron \(i\) in pattern 1. \(P\) is our pattern matrix. If we want to calculate our Weight Matrix (\(W\)) we simply perform the following calculation: $$W = PP^T - mI$$ \(W\) represents our weight matrix. \(P\) represents our Pattern matrix. \(P^T\) represents our Pattern matrix transpose. \(I\) represents the identity matrix. \(mI\) represents the identity matrix multiplied by the number of patterns we want to store.
We subtract \(mI\) to give us the rule of \(W_{ii}\ = 0\) Traditionally we then divide W by the number of patterns to get a weight matrix with values ranging from (\(-1\) to \(1\)) if our nodes are bipolar. Why does this work? Imagine it like this:
\(W_{ij}\) represents the weight between node \(i\) and node \(j\). By performing this calculation is mathematically represented as $$W_{ij} = (kmP_{ki} \times P_{kj}) \over m$$ If we assume we only have 1 pattern, \(W_{ij} = P_{i} \times P_{j}\).
If \(P_{i}\) and \(P_{j}\) are the same \(W_{ij} = 1 \).
If \(P_{i}\) and \(P_{j}\) are different \(W_{ij} = -1 \)
Now what this means is that our weight matrix when we only have 1 Pattern represents for \(W_{ij}\) that node \(i\) and node \(j\) are either the same in this pattern or different. This follows closely the theory of neurons that Hebb talked about.
When we have multiple patterns we simply average the values from the different patterns. This also works because now we won't necessarily get binary values but instead continuous values for our weight matrix. This time \(W_{ij}\) represents how often values are the same or different. If \(W_{ij}\) was close to 1 the would mean more often than not, nodes \(i\) and \(j\) are the same, if \(W_{ij}\) was close to -1, that would mean more often than not the values of nodes \(i\) and \(j\) were different. And if it equals 0 that means there's not really any link between the 2. This also means that the value of one node tells us nothing about the probably value of another node
Running a hopfield network
Synchronously
Once we have our weight matrix we can set our nodes to any value we want. Remember we can represent our nodes as a column vector where \(X_{i}\) represents the excitation of the i^{th} node. We want to update our nodes to a new value, preferably closer to one of our impressed patterns. This is easy to do synchronously. Let \(X_{t}\) = the node vector at time t $$X_{t} = W_{X_{t-1}}$$ And that's it. Actually that's not it. This might not and probably won't give X_{t} a bipolar value and our nodes have to be bipolar in this model. Therefore we use a sign function which simply returns \(-1\) if negative (\(< 0\)) and \(1\) if positive (\(>= 0\)). (Use a function to return a value in the form we want?) $$X_t = sign(W_{X_{t-1}})$$ Why does this work?
We already know our weight matrix is full of continuous values from -1 to 1 representing how often certain nodes are the same or different. (For an example, let’s follow?) Lets follow the calculation for a particular node \(i\). Since were looking at a particular node, we can forget a lot of the calculations. All we care about now is the \(i\)th row of the weight matrix \(W_i\) multiplied by the nodes. *Then the sign function
When we calculate the value for node \(i\) what's really happening is we’re multiplying the value of each node by the value that represents the connection between that node and node \(i\), summing them up then working out if the total value is negative or positive.
Let's say that the connection between 2 different nodes was close to 1. Aka if one node has a certain value, according the patterns the second node probably has the same value, if the weight was closer to -1 then if one node has a certain value, according to the patterns the second node probably has a different patterns.
Let’s say we take node \(j\) during the calculation for the new value for node \(i\). We multiply the value of node \(j\), \(X_j\) by \(W_{ij}\) if \(W_{ij}\) is 1 or close to 1 then \(X_j = X_j + W_{ij}\) where as if \(W_{ij}\) is close to -1 \(X_j = W_{ij}-X_j\) This makes sense, because now if \(W_{ij}\) was close to one then by adding \(X_{j}\) to the sum were gonna make it more likely that \(X_i\) value is the same as \(X_j\) which is what the pattern says should happen, where as if the value of \(W_{ij}\) is different then by adding \(-X_j\) to the sum we are gonna make \(X_i\) more likely to be opposite to \(X_j\) which again is perfect.
So essentially to calculate the value of \(X_i\) we go through each nodes value, use to weight matrix to work out the relationship between the 2 nodes \(i\) and \(j\), then add all the values to a sum, average them and we should get a value that represents what \(X_i\) most probably should be based on all the other nodes.
This actually gets very close to achieving the rule Hebb realised in animals - “neurons that fire together link, neurons that fire out of sync, fail to link”.
Energy function and Capacity
If we have a network with weights W and biases for any possible state of our nodes we can calculate an energy function of the state: $$-\frac{1}{2} \sum_{i,j}w_{ij}s_{i}s_{j} - \sum_{i}\theta_{i}s_{i}$$
When we run our algorithm very every single stage we either cause the Energy function to stay the same or to decrease. Therefore the task of of running the algorithm is like trying to find the minimum of this energy function.These minimums represent the state of one of our training data. Sometimes due to our training data we can end up with a local minimum that is not a training data but because our algorithms wont increase the energy function we can’t escape and this leads to hallucinations.
For example for every pattern \(x\), \(-x\) is a hallucination, we don’t normally care about those as the pattern is just inverted. (A hallucination however will always be a pattern we have learned but inverted so normally these are not considered?).
One restriction on a hopfield network is how many patterns we can store before it does not work anymore, in general the number of patterns we can store is around \(0.14 \times n\) where \(n\) the number of nodes in our hopfield network.
Python Implementation of Hopfield Network
The aim of this implementation is to create a program that can reconstruct a given, corrupted pattern to one of 3 other user-defined patterns.
First, we need to define what a pattern is. In this basic implementation, we're limiting patterns to square dimensions. A pattern will have a size attribute and also a corresponding 2D array representing the values of each pixel - either 1 or 0.
Next, we have to connect the GUI to our framework designed above. Lines 20 to 25 define a function that returns a Pattern object based on the user's input (selection of cells in a highlighted grid). Lines 9 to 18 define the function used to retrieve the 3 patterns to store in the memory of the network, and also the given, corrupted pattern to reconstruct. Lines 27 to 32 define a function to visually represent a new pattern in the GUI.
Now we can create a class to encapsulate the operations of the hopfield network. It needs a method to define the initial weight matrix based on the given patterns. We can use numpy to handle matrix operations instead of reimplementing them.
Next, it needs to synchronously run the hopfield network, and update the output grid on the GUI on every update of a neuron. It will continue to update the weight matrix and output pattern until the output matches one of the given patterns, or if it crosses a defined threshold of 1000 for number of neuron updates.
To check if a pattern is found, this simple method can be defined.
The sign function also needs to be defined.
Finally, the network can be initialised like so.
After instantiating a window object and Hopfield object, the program executes as expected:
The full repo for this implementation can be found here.
Boltzmann
A boltzmann machine is a stochastic, generative version of a hopfield network. A Boltzman Machine is essentially what happens when we add extra hidden (in presentation define what we mean by that) nodes into our network that aren’t visible and don’t represent the values of our data but still are used to represent more complication connections between our visible nodes. We did not specifically research Boltzman Machines as the Restricted form that we will discuss following this is much more widely used, but they are mentioned here to help bridge the gap between Hopfield networks as described above and the Restricted Boltzman machines we have looked at in more detail. We won’t go into much more about BMs but they are the link between RBMs and Hopfield networks.
History of RBM
A Restricted Boltzman Machine (RBM) is simply , as the name may imply, a restricted version of a Boltzman Machine. What that means is we take a Boltzman Machine but add the restriction that the network must form a bipartite graph, where visible nodes are only connected to hidden ones and vice versa. RBMs have become more popular than Boltzman Machines because the types of learning rules that can be used are much more efficient and effective.
What that means is we take a Boltzman Machine but add the restriction that the network must form a bipartite graph, where visible nodes are only connected to hidden ones and vice versa. RBMs have become more popular than Boltzman Machines because the types of learning rules that can be used are much more efficient and effective.
Originally invented under the name “harmonium” by Paul Smolensky in 1986, RBMs were popularised by Geoff Hinton and his collaborators after they invented faster learning algorithms for use by RBMs in the mid 2000’s, an RBM is an algorithm useful for dimensionality reduction, classification, regression, collaborative filtering, feature learning and topic modelling.
Architecture of RBMs
RBMs are shallow, two-layer neural nets that constitute the building blocks of deep-belief networks. The first layer of the RBM is called the visible, or input, layer, and the second is the hidden layer.
There is no intra-layer communication – this is the restriction in a restricted Boltzmann machine. Each node is a locus of computation that processes input, and begins by making stochastic decisions about whether to transmit that input or not. (Stochastic means “randomly determined”, and in this case, the coefficients that modify inputs are randomly initialized.)
Each visible node takes a low-level feature from an item in the dataset to be learned. E.g. a pixel in an image.
At each hidden node, each input x is multiplied by its respective weight w. That is, a single input x would have three weights here, making 12 weights altogether (4 input nodes x 3 hidden nodes).
Each hidden node receives the four inputs multiplied by their respective weights. The sum of those products is added to a bias (which forces at least some activations to happen), and the result is passed through the activation algorithm producing one output for each hidden node. $$activation_f(w_1{} * x_1{}) + (w_2 * x_2) + … + bias) = output$$
Because inputs from all visible nodes are being passed to all hidden nodes, an RBM can be defined as a symmetrical bipartite graph.
If these two layers were part of a deeper neural network, the outputs of hidden layer no. 1 would be passed as inputs to hidden layer no. 2, and from there through as many hidden layers as you like until they reach a final classifying layer. (For simple feed-forward movements, the RBM nodes function as an autoencoder and nothing more.)
Important to note that RBMs have two biases: the hidden bias helps the RBM produce activations on a forward pass of data, and the visible layers’ biases help the RBM learn the reconstructions on the backward pass.
Energy Functions and Reconstructions
$$E(v,h) = - \sum_{i \in visible} a_i v_i - \sum_{j \in visible} b_j h_j - \sum_{i,j} v_i h_j w_{ij}$$ Where \(a\) is the visible layers biases, \(b\) is the hidden layers biases. \(V\) is the visible unit, \(h\) is the hidden unit. \(w\) is the weighs between them.
RBMS can be used to reconstruct data by themselves. They do this by making several forward and backward passes between the two layers. Forward pass works normally, In a backward pass the activations in the hidden network become the inputs, multiplied by the same weights but added to new weights (visible layer weights)
Because the weights are randomly initialised the difference between the original data and the reconstruction is often large. We can call this error (the reconstruction error) and is calculated as the difference between the reconstructed data r and the original input. We use backpropagation of this error against the RBM’s weights until an error minimum is reached. A forward pass makes predictions on about node activations. A backward pass guesses the original data causing a certain set of node activations.
Constrative Divergence
For an rbm if we wanted to use Stochastic gradient descent we end up getting an intractable problem. So instead we estimate it by using contrastive divergence.
Contrastive divergence algorithms are referred to as "CD-k", where \(k\) is the number of steps to run block Gibbs sampling for. We normally take \(k=1\) when dealing with RBMs. This is because the (single layer of) hidden neurons cannot interact with each other at all and therefore only 1 step is needed to reach the equilibrium for the hidden neurons given the state of the visible neurons, we can use values higher than 1 and things won't be made worse but it's just wasteful computation since we won't get much better results. In simple terms, contrastive divergence is an implementation of approximate gradient descent. Its used to calculate the gradient between weights and error (reconstruction error).


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- waiting(MoverEntity, Scenario) - Method in class sim.route.Node
-
- waiting(MoverEntity, Scenario) - Method in class sim.route.NodeLOS
-
- waitingForMyBridge(Platform, Coordinate) - Method in class models.movement.MoveEvent
-
Determine if a bridge needs to be recovered or deployed.
- WallType - Class in data.map
-
- WallType() - Constructor for class data.map.WallType
-
- warnFuel() - Method in class sim.entity.Entity
-
- WARNING - Static variable in class utils.Logger
-
- weapon - Variable in class data.csd.PlatformWeapon
-
- Weapon - Class in data.csd
-
- Weapon(String) - Constructor for class data.csd.Weapon
-
- weapon - Variable in class sim.entity.EntityWeapon
-
- weaponChoice - Variable in class data.csd.Platform
-
- WeaponChoice - Class in data.csd
-
- WeaponChoice(Platform, double, PlatformWeapon, PlatformWeapon) - Constructor for class data.csd.WeaponChoice
-
- WeaponInterpreter - Class in interpreter
-
- WeaponInterpreter() - Constructor for class interpreter.WeaponInterpreter
-
- weaponList - Variable in class data.csd.Platform
-
- weaponList - Variable in class data.CSData
-
- WeaponList - Class in data.managers
-
- WeaponList() - Constructor for class data.managers.WeaponList
-
- weaponList - Variable in class sim.entity.Entity
-
- weaponSlot - Variable in class sim.entity.EntityWeapon
-
- weatherMove - Variable in class sim.Parameters
-
- weight - Variable in class data.csd.Platform
-
- WEST - Static variable in class data.map.Coordinate
-
- whereTo() - Method in class models.movement.MoveEvent
-
Determine where the entity is trying to move to.
- whereToCircle() - Method in class models.movement.MoveEvent
-
Tests if the entity is following a circle order.
- whereToFormation() - Method in class models.movement.MoveEvent
-
Test to see if the entity is part of a formation.
- whereToMount() - Method in class models.movement.MoveEvent
-
Tests if the entity has a mount order.
- whereToMove() - Method in class models.movement.MoveEvent
-
Determine where the entity should move to.
- whereToPit() - Method in class models.movement.MoveEvent
-
Tests if the entity has a pit order.
- whereToRoute() - Method in class models.movement.MoveEvent
-
Test if the entity has a valid movement route to follow.
- whichWeapon(TargetEntity, int, double) - Method in class models.directfire.TargetSelectionEvent
-
Select a weapon to fire at the specified target
- width - Variable in class data.csd.Platform
-
- Workstation - Class in view.janus_menu
-
- Workstation() - Constructor for class view.janus_menu.Workstation
-
- write() - Method in class models.directfire.DirectFireImpactEvent
-
- write(int, int, String) - Static method in class utils.Tracer
-
Write a message to the trace file.
- write(String) - Static method in class utils.Tracer
-
- writeData() - Method in class models.detection.AcquisitionMatrix
-
- writeMove(MoverEntity) - Method in class sim.postp.PostProcessor
-
- writeMove(MoverEntity) - Static method in class sim.postp.PPMove
-
- writeTrace(String) - Method in class models.directfire.view.MenuPanelModelTargetSelection
-
- writeTrace(String) - Method in class view.SimpleView
-
- writeTrace(String) - Method in interface view.TraceListener
-
- writeTrace(String) - Method in class view.TraceView
-


Each bio-entity in BioThings Explorer is assigned with a unique identifier. For example, ncbigene ID has a unique identifier, which is "http://identifiers.org/ncbigene". In addition, each URI has a corresponding short form identifier, also called prefix. For example, the prefix for ncbigene ID is ncbigene. The table below list all the identifiers used in BioThings Explorer. Identifiers.org is the default identifier library.
The table below list all the URIs, prefixes used in BioThings Explorer.


Welcome to STEM Masters, a website dedicated to female influcencers from the STEM world!
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) is a term used to group together these disciplines.
Find out more about STEM here.
In these pages, meet inspirational women with a voice in STEM and follow them on social media.
Select a discipline from the menu above and start discovering these inspiring women.


Documenting lesser-known features in Ruby
A new syntax for creating strings has been introduced in Ruby 2.3
string = <<~RUGB
squiggly heredoc
RUGB
string # => "squiggly heredoc\n"
How many syntaxes exist to create strings in Ruby?
double quoted literal (1 way)
single quoted literal (1 way)
single char literal (1 way)
heredocs (9 ways)
%Q[]
syntax (66 ways)
%q[]
syntax (66 ways)
%[]
syntax (66 ways)
Ruby has a unary plus operator
+42 # => 42
For a long time it had no function
"[The unary plus] is provided for symmetry with unary minus, and can, of course, be redefined."
From Ruby 2.3 on, it finally does something. What?
It unfreezes strings
string = "frozen string".freeze
string.object_id # => 19066860
string.frozen? # => true
copy = +string
copy.object_id # => 19012140
copy.frozen? # => false
In a regex, \w
will match word characters
More specifically, it will only match ASCII characters
"Rüben☃"[/\w+/] #=> "R"
How to also match Unicode characters with \w
?
"Rüben☃"[/(?u)\w+/] #=> "Rüben"
What other ways are there to match Unicode word characters?
"Rüben☃"[/[[:word:]]+/] #=> "Rüben"
"Rüben☃"[/\p{Word}+/] #=> "Rüben"
"Rüben☃"[/\p{wORD}+/] #=> "Rüben"
How to negate \p{Word}
"Rüben☃"[/???/] #=> "☃"
"Rüben☃"[/\p{^Word}+/] #=> "☃"
"Rüben☃"[/\P{Word}+/] #=> "☃"
How to find URLs in text? (fill in)
require '___'
string = "Visit http://idiosyncratic-ruby.com/20-better-standards.html for a" \
"comprehensive quick list of the standard library!"
puts string._________________.to_a.compact
http://idiosyncratic-ruby.com/20-better-standards.html
http
idiosyncratic-ruby.com
/20-better-standards.html
How to find URLs in text? (fill in)
require 'uri'
string = "Visit http://idiosyncratic-ruby.com/20-better-standards.html for a" \
"comprehensive quick list of the standard library!"
puts string.match(URI.regexp).to_a.compact
http://idiosyncratic-ruby.com/20-better-standards.html
http
idiosyncratic-ruby.com
/20-better-standards.html
require 'uri'
string = URI.regexp.inspect.length # => ?
require 'uri'
string = URI.regexp.inspect.length # => 1454
February 29, 2016 @ co-up 5th floor


My English classes were taught using a mix of multiple methods in an effort to ensure fluency in multiple types of situations. Most to all material that would teach English came in the form of a textbook which did contain well thought-out exercises but lacked in creativity. These textbooks offered a multitude of methods, the first and most prominent one being the grammar translating method, as that method in particular offered a better understanding of the words’ meaning. The range of exercises that used this method was quite broad, ranging from translating speech to text to exercises where the form of the word had to be changed. A different method which worked particularly well for me was the communicative language learning method, which tasks the students to talk while acting out real-life scenarios. This worked so well for me because it gives the conversation clear direction and requires you to keep your full attention on the conversation. A method used very sparingly was the task-based exercises, which required students to solve a problem while conversing in English. The view behind this being that students would learn to speak fluently and effectively. These exercises would usually consist of a drama exercise, which could range from games like charades to being given a task in a scenario and being required to play that out. At a higher level of education, drama exercises happened far less frequently in favour of studying which would not require the subject teacher to come up with fitting drama exercises for that lesson. In these theoretical lessons, there was a greater understanding of what the words meant, yet the flexibility in conversation decreased exponentially as students did not experience as much real-life scenarios. The use of task-based learning was almost cut out in its entirety because of the time it would require for the students to learn the meaning of the words they are speaking in the limited time they have. The exercises that primarily took place were smaller exercises that offered a larger focus on the expansion of vocabulary instead of being able to use those words fluently in more types of conversation.


Hi! My name is Julian - engineer at EPom România
self employed
- website by me
Major - Electronics and Telecommunications
with BSC in Software and Networks for telecommunications
About Me
I am born in Constanța county of România
near the Black Sea in 13 July 1978.
I studied in highschool in Constanța, and then as student of
University "POLITHENICA" of Bucharest. I had several jobs in more than 10 years work experience.
I speak english, italian and romanian as my mother tongue.
I like to go hicking and play chess, also sing and write poems.
Contact
You can contact me using the form bellow
or other methods you find in this page
You can use also Telegram me or Tox chat me for secure communication
tox ID: 610AA90307C08ADE060448C7ACC8EFD
9A8AC9025004666D025DE11015E93
B8358B9FE937A60B


This class is a basic element of StarNetwork. It represents a link of the graph.
Definition: StarLink.h:8
Implements main steps of TAPAS algorithm.
Definition: DAGraphTapas.h:20
This class implements forward star graph representation.
Definition: StarNetwork.h:16
This class implements origin-destination matrix.
Definition: ODMatrix.h:17
bool moveFlow()
Definition: DAGraphTapas.cpp:31
void removeCyclicFlows()
Definition: DAGraphTapas.cpp:79
This class is a container of PASs and it implements major operations related to their management...
Definition: PASManager.h:20
bool checkPositiveFlow(int linkIndex)
Definition: DAGraphTapas.cpp:27
FPType getMinShift()
Definition: DAGraphTapas.cpp:74
This class is abstract. It implements basic functionality of directed acyclic graphs (DAG) and provid...
Definition: DAGraph.h:17
std::list< StarLink * > exploredLinks_
Definition: DAGraphTapas.h:46
void handleExploredLink(StarLink *link)
Definition: DAGraphTapas.cpp:131
This is an abstract class that defines the interface for single-objective shortest-path algorithms...
Definition: ShortestPath.h:11
bool handleBackEdge(StarLink *link)
Definition: DAGraphTapas.cpp:88
void setMinShift(FPType value)
Definition: DAGraphTapas.cpp:69


Tandem AP-1-binding sites within the human beta-globin dominant control region function as an inducible enhancer in erythroid cells.
Abstract
A powerful enhancer has been mapped to an 18-bp DNA segment located 11 kb 5 ' to the human epsilon-globin gene within the dominant control or locus-activating region. This enhancer is inducible in K562 human erythroleukemia cells, increasing linked gamma-globin promoter /luciferase gene expression to 170-fold over an enhancerless construct. The enhancer consists of tandem AP-1-binding sites, phased 10 bp apart, which are both required for full activity. DNA-protein binding assays with nuclear extracts from induced cells demonstrate a high molecular weight complex on the enhancer. The formation of this complex also requires both AP-1 sites and correlates with maximal enhancer activity. Induction of the enhancer may have a role in the increase in globin gene transcription that characterizes erythroid maturation. Enhancer activity appears to be mediated by the binding of a complex of proteins from the jun and fos families to tandem AP-1 consensus sequences.


Across: 1. Return over airport I occupied to find sign of rebels (15) 9. Sacred chorus started by child with recorder (7) 10. Taken out and used without hesitation (7) 11. Four in party returning to see poet (4) 12. Left in team to go down (5) 13. Rupert’s right out of country (4) 16. Let everyone get married without a ring! (7) 17. Hint about Penny’s size? (7) 18. Stamp out tinplate rim on time (7) 21. Flashed into street fully dressed! (7) 23. Spacious road leads to track (4) 24. One embraced by sculptor in Egypt (5) 25. Mr Ferrari is in wrong zone! (4) 28. Question every little devil first (7) 29. GI is into Maori art in paper (7) 30. Obligation to join forces and mass at Aintree? (8 7) Down: 1. Making sense of liaison with Tara? Not I! (15) 2. Lost 6-3 before showing bitterness! (7) 3. Put up with solid growth (4) 4. Kit was first taken on (7) 5. Drove out in black and lay on track (7) 6. Discharges from scar? (4) 7. Edits an update as an alternative (7) 8. Cleaner hid six rude moody characters (6 9) 14. Look forward to seeing article in top comic (5) 15. Elizabeth carries Elizabeth in boat (5) 19. Copy outer section of wall (7) 20. Hear cat having a breather? (7) 21. Talks about mess on river (7) 22. Gin able to be mixed by Indian (7) 26. A cow runs amok in Texas! (4) 27. Germans drink in last carriage (4)


Editable Attributes
- Class
- Version
- Source File
- Source Debug
- Signature (Generic type)
- Outer Class
- Outer Method Name
- Outer Method Descriptor
- Modifiers (Access)
- Field
- Name
- Descriptor
- Signature (Generic type)
- Modifiers (Access)
- Method
- Name
- Descriptor
- Signature (Generic type)
- Modifiers (Access)
- Exceptions
- Exception Table (Try-catch blocks)
- Code
- Opcodes
- Local Variables
- Name
- Descriptor
- Signature (Generic type)
- MaxStack / MaxLocals (Computed automatically by ASM)
User Interface
(This list is a bit of a mish-mash, will be cleaned up later)


|
Bug-reproducer Assistant Python kernel
1.0
Código Python de kernel del Bug-reproducer Assistant
|
Public Member Functions | |
| def | __init__ |
| def | __call__ |
| def | __getattr__ |
| def | __setattr__ |
| def | __delattr__ |
| def | __repr__ |
| def | __str__ |
Dummy class to represent parameters that we don't know how to create. Unlike "None", it does not break after receiving a call: it just passes.
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::dummy::Dummy::__init__ | ( | self, | |
| args, | |||
| kwargs | |||
| ) |
| self | The Dummy instance to constructor. |
| *args | Arguments list. |
| **kwargs | Named arguments. Constructor. |
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::dummy::Dummy::__call__ | ( | self, | |
| args, | |||
| kwargs | |||
| ) |
| self | The Dummy instance. |
| *args | Arguments list. |
| **kwargs | Named arguments. Object calling |
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::dummy::Dummy::__delattr__ | ( | self, | |
| name | |||
| ) |
Delete attribute.
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::dummy::Dummy::__getattr__ | ( | self, | |
| mname | |||
| ) |
| self | The Dummy instance. |
| mname | Attribute name. Attribute handling. |
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::dummy::Dummy::__repr__ | ( | self | ) |
Instance representation.
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::dummy::Dummy::__setattr__ | ( | self, | |
| name, | |||
| value | |||
| ) |
| self | The Dummy instance. |
| name | Attribute name |
| value | Attribute value to set. Set an attribute. |
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::dummy::Dummy::__str__ | ( | self | ) |
String representation.


The two boys, who the victim reportedly regarded as friends, pinned her down and sexually assaulted her in a home in Clarksville, Tennessee in October.
The victim and her parents have since spoken out after the two boys were given incredibly lenient sentences when they were found guilty of raping the teen.
Because of Tennessee juvenile sentencing laws, one of the boys was ordered to serve only six months of probation. The other boy was sentenced to spend six months in juvenile detention because he allegedly has a criminal past.

The girl and her family are now hoping state lawmakers will changed Tennessee juvenile sentencing statutes so future victims can get justice.
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‘I don’t really know what I’m comfortable saying…I got raped,’ the girl said. Neither the victim or her parents were named to protect the girl’s identity.
The girl’s mother said she knew kids were often nasty to each other, but she never thought her daughter would be a victim of such a horrific crime.
She said: ‘I just always thought it would be, you know, kids being mean, teasing or fighting, but not rape.’
The family said they immediately went to the police to report the crime.
‘The only thing I really recall the police saying to me was essentially begging me to let them handle it,’ the victim’s father said.
Jason Hodges, a Tennessee state representative, said he is now pushing to change the Juvenile Reform Act, which set the guidelines for the boy’s light sentences.
Hodges said: ‘Obviously as a father, I was disgusted and as a citizen of that community I was disgusted.’
‘You know rape is obviously a serious offense and whether you’re 13 or 30, you should know better,’ he continued, and added that the new legislation he is supporting would allow convicted rapists 13-years-old and younger to be charged as adults.


IOTA is the Technical Club of Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City.
IOTA provides students with opportunities to gain experience from real life projects given by various companies working in AI/ML, AR/VR, Software Development, IOT and Cybersecurity.
We are using AI and ML techniques to create new solution for variour common problems. Our students work in vast areas like Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, and Meta Learning.
IOT provides a wide range of options to our traditional devices. Smart cars and Smart homes are taking over and our students are ready to lead. IOT can be used to automate many tasks to make lives easier and better.
With the advent of internet age security and privacy have become a great concern for people. To ensure that we are shielded from cyber attacks, our students keep up with the security standards.
We have experienced students working in many fields of software development such as Web development, Mobile (Android/iOS) development and Desktop application development.
Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores nobis dolorem, magni omnis impedit dolorum, sunt architecto distinctio quas ex, numquam magnam eaque animi facilis quae est quod sequi velit.
Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores nobis dolorem, magni omnis impedit dolorum, sunt architecto distinctio quas ex, numquam magnam eaque animi facilis quae est quod sequi velit.
Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores nobis dolorem, magni omnis impedit dolorum, sunt architecto distinctio quas ex, numquam magnam eaque animi facilis quae est quod sequi velit.


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I've recently completed a Wii game in Python. Playing it on the Wii isn't bad but it would be nice to run it on my new Android phone.  What I really need is the game in Java.
Source translation is tricky stuff. Translating from a dynamically typed language like Python to a statically typed language like Java is extra hard as you must infer the missing type information. There are some experimental translators out there, such as ShedSkin, for converting Python subsets to C. I suspect a general solution is out of the question. But is a limited solution possible? Is it sufficient for my task?
Java is an OO imperative language. Python is much more than that but is also a very good OO language. Python and Java actually share a large number of the syntax constructs. Python has quite a lot more, especially around functional programming concepts. Fortunately my game doesn't use many. I'm a Java programmer so the Python I write is basically the same design as I would implement in Java, this makes translation possible.
I could translate the code line by line, but estimates of manual translation are around 300 lines a day. At about 20k lines of code that would take 2 months of solid work. Not fun. What I needed was a tool to do it for me.
A source translator tool must parse the original Python source, build an Abstract Source Tree (AST) and convert the AST into a Java grammar. Due to the similarity between the Python syntax and Java this should be possible.
Python actually includes the capability to parse itself. The ast module includes skeleton classes which can be extended to parse and visit each node of an AST in turn. Extending the ast.NodeVisitor class allows custom behaviour when each python syntax construct is encountered. The code in translate.py and parser.py does just that.
In our case we could be a Concrete Syntax Tree (CST) for Java based on visiting the AST. This would be the most flexible option. However it turns out we can get by with simply outputting Java string templates when encountering AST nodes. visitor.py does that.
For each of the syntax constructs I've used in the game I've written a test (test.py) and implemented a visitor to create a Java equivalent. After some work all the source files are being translated.
Comment blocks need to be handled slightly differently as they are not preserved by the Python ast Parser. A pre-processor converts them to a multi-line string construct first. It is a bit of a hack but functional.
The output isn't bad but is still not very helpful as it is lacking all type information. Adding this by hand will require editing virtually every line. And determining the types by hand is not easy.
The Python source does not contain type information. It might be possible in some cases to infer the type by the usage but this would be difficult to do, if not impossible in the general case.
But there is an easier way. Python is a dynamic type language. This means the type of an object is determined at run time and not enforced at compile time, it is not specified in the source. However when running the Python app you can determine the runtime type information of an object by looking at the __class__.__name__ attribute.
Python includes an inspect module for building profilers and debugger. By implementing a def traceit(frame, event, arg) method and hooking it up to the interpreter via sys.settrace(traceit) you can hook into a number of interesting events whilst the app is running. One of those events is method calls. This makes implementing a simple hook to inspect and index the runtime type of all method arguments fairly straightforward. All that is left to do is run the application under the profiler and 'exercise' every part of the code, which in our case means playing the game.
Profiling a running game is slow. We need the application to be usable in order to 'exercise' the relevant methods. For this reason the tracer is restricted to profiling methods within a single python source file at any one run. On fast machine you could change this if you like but on a machine like mine you must run the profiler once for each source file.
With the captured trace files for each source file the source translator can be modified to lookup and add type information when generating method syntax. As most variables will either be set or returned from methods at some point this is a good start.
In its current form the tool will perform about 75% of code translation. The remainder must be converted manually. A lot of the outstanding syntax errors can be fixed semi-automatically with a modern Java IDE. For example you must use the IDE to infer the local variable type definitions of every local variable and class attribute. This is usually possible as the same variable will probably be passed to/from a method at some point allowing the IDE to infer type.
It is quite likely a better job could be done by using more profiling hooks to dump the runtime type of all in-scope variable for each method invocation. I didn't need to do this but is an area for the future.
The remainder of the work is dealing with unsupported concepts (like creating value objects for tuples etc) and porting library client code to Java equivalents. I found initially creating Java API stubs for the missing python APIs helpful. Once all the Java is compiling it was easier to implement the new fuctionality step by step.
If you write Python in a Java style then semi-automatic source translation to Java is possible. It worked for me on my project and was much more fun (and less error prone) than converting by hand. There is scope for improvement and I'd be interested in hearing from anyone who needs this. Good luck.
The source is available on GitHub.


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Jose Granger Salgado
Computer Science Undergraduate
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I am studying a Bachelor in Computer Science at a school called Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Santa Fe. Although I have lived in Mexico City for most of my life, I love going to new places and integrating with new cultures, due to which I have participated in various exchange programs. I love software and hardware development since I consider myself a creative person with an affinity for creating new things.
My hobbies are coding, reading, playing videogames and doing some sports. I am most passionate about the front-end side of development, though I still enjoy coding algorithms and various back-end products. My interests are mainly around developing innovative products for both web and mobile, though I am always open to new experiences and methods.
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