Heat is a template driven service that automates the management of the entire lifecycle of your application on the NeCTAR cloud.
A 'template driven service' simply means that you define your application's requirements in a human readable text file - the template. In this file you to describe both the infrastructure and its relationships that your application will need to run on the NeCTAR cloud.
Heat then uses this template to provision the required infrastructure and manage the lifecycle of your application from start to finish. This template, and the infrastructure that it has created, is termed a 'stack'.
As part of the life cycle management, the Heat service supports both scaling on demand and the freeing up of infrastructure once the application is finished.
Heat integrates well with configuration management tools, such as Chef and Puppet. Thus the Heat service offers executable documentation of your application's deployment and lifecycle, making your deployments repeatable and reliable. The net effect is to limit human error and to save you time. Thus saving you money.
Heat is modelled after Amazon's CloudFormation service, and endeavours to maintain some degree of comparability with this service. Hence Heat supports two different template formats.
A template is created, using a standard text editor (such as Notepad++). It is then uploaded into the OpenStack Heat service, either by means of the Heat command line client, or the Horizon dashboard.
If uploaded via the command line client, the engine expects any mandatory parameters to be provided as arguments added at the point the template was uploaded.
If, however, uploaded via the dashboard, then the dashboard will create an input wizard that will step the person who uploaded the template through the process of entering the required parameter values.
Once all the required data has been gathered the stack is then provisioned and launched.
The template and its associated parameters will remain in the Heat database until such time as the engine is instructed to destroy the stack.
At that point all the provisioned infrastructure will be destroyed, its resources released, and then the template and its parameters will be removed from the Heat database.
We have created a screencast that that does a walk through of this lifecycle: Heat: a screencast.
The following pages offer more in depth technical information on using Heat in the NeCTAR cloud.
Restricted resources
Only OpenStack admins can currently make use of the following resources:
This is a known issue and should be resolved in the next release of OpenStack.
If you get an error stating that "No root certificates specified for verification of other-side certificates" when using the command line then the work around is to use the --insecure flag:
heat --insecure stack-list
This stops the server's certificate from being verified against any certficate authority. Not the greatest solution, but a solution for the time being.


SLAM BOOK
Your Name?
1. Advice for me!
2. Any Name You would like to call me?
3.
YES
MAYBE
4. Do you belive in god?
YES
MAYBE
5. Do you like to sing in shower?
YES
NO
6. Favourite Sports?
Cricket
Soccer
Basketball
Swimming
Other Sports
7. About other fav(color, food, cartoon, etc)


This chapter describes how the Java Scripting API (defined by JSR 223) is used to embed scripts in your Java applications, and provides a number of examples with Java classes, which demostrate the features of the Java Scripting API.
The Java Scripting API consists of classes and interfaces from the javax.script
package. It is a relatively small and simple package with the ScriptEngineManager
class as the starting point. A ScriptEngineManager
object can discover script engines through the JAR file service discovery mechanism, and instantiate ScriptEngine
objects that interpret scripts written in a specific scripting language. For more information about the javax.script
package, see the Java SE specification at http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/javax/script/package-summary.html
The Nashorn engine is the default ECMAScript (JavaScript) engine bundled with the Java SE Development Kit (JDK). The Nashorn engine was developed fully in Java by Oracle as part of an OpenJDK project. You can find more information about the Nashorn project at http://openjdk.java.net/projects/nashorn/
Although Nashorn is the default ECMAScript engine used by the Java Scripting API, you can use any script engine compliant with JSR 223, or you can implement your own. This document does not cover the implementation of script engines compliant with JSR 223, but at the most basic level, you must implement the javax.script.ScriptEngine
and javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory
interfaces. The abstract class javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine
provides useful defaults for a few methods in the ScriptEngine
interface.
To use the Java Scripting API:
Create a ScriptEngineManager
object.
Get a ScriptEngine
object from the manager.
Evaluate the script using the script engine's eval()
method.
The following examples shows you how to use the Java Scripting API in Java. To keep the examples simple, exceptions are not handled. However, there are checked and runtime exceptions thrown by the Java Scripting API, and they should be properly handled. In every example, an instance of the ScriptEngineManager
class is used to request the Nashorn engine (an object of the ScriptEngine
class) using the getEngineByName()
method. If the engine with the specified name is not present, null
is returned. For more information about using the Nashorn engine, see the Nashorn User's Guide.
|
Note: EachScriptEngine object has its own variable scope. For information about using multiple variable scopes, see Example 8. |
In this example, the eval()
method is called on the script engine instance to execute JavaScript code from a String
object.
import javax.script.*; public class EvalScript { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("nashorn"); // evaluate JavaScript code engine.eval("print('Hello, World')"); } }
In this example, the eval()
method takes in a FileReader
object that reads JavaScript code from a file named script.js
. By wrapping various input stream objects as readers, it is possible to execute scripts from files, URLs, and other resources.
import javax.script.*; public class EvalFile { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("nashorn"); // evaluate JavaScript code engine.eval(new java.io.FileReader("script.js")); } }
In this example, a File
object is created and exposed to the engine as a global variable named file
using the put()
method. Then the eval()
method is called with JavaScript code that accesses the variable and calls the getAbsolutePath()
method.
|
Note: The syntax to access fields and call methods of Java objects exposed as variables depends on the scripting language. This example uses JavaScript syntax, which is similar to Java. |
import javax.script.*; import java.io.*; public class ScriptVars { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("nashorn"); // create File object File f = new File("test.txt"); // expose File object as a global variable to the engine engine.put("file", f); // evaluate JavaScript code and access the variable engine.eval("print(file.getAbsolutePath())"); } }
In this example, the eval()
method is called with JavaScript code that defines a function with one parameter. Then, an Invocable
object is created and its invokeFunction()
method is used to invoke the function.
|
Note: Not all script engines implement theInvocable interface. This example uses the Nashorn engine, which can invoke functions in scripts that have previously been evaluated by this engine. |
import javax.script.*; public class InvokeScriptFunction { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("nashorn"); // evaluate JavaScript code that defines a function with one parameter engine.eval("function hello(name) { print('Hello, ' + name) }"); // create an Invocable object by casting the script engine object Invocable inv = (Invocable) engine; // invoke the function named "hello" with "Scripting!" as the argument inv.invokeFunction("hello", "Scripting!"); } }
In this example, the eval()
method is called with JavaScript code that defines an object with a method. This object is then exposed from the script to the Java application using the script engine's get()
method. Then, an Invocable
object is created, and its invokeMethod()
method is used to invoke the method defined for the script object.
|
Note: Not all script engines implement theInvocable interface. This example uses the Nashorn engine, which can invoke methods in scripts that have previously been evaluated by this engine. |
import javax.script.*; public class InvokeScriptMethod { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("nashorn"); // evaluate JavaScript code that defines an object with one method engine.eval("var obj = new Object()"); engine.eval("obj.hello = function(name) { print('Hello, ' + name) }"); // expose object defined in the script to the Java application Object obj = engine.get("obj"); // create an Invocable object by casting the script engine object Invocable inv = (Invocable) engine; // invoke the method named "hello" on the object defined in the script // with "Script Method!" as the argument inv.invokeMethod(obj, "hello", "Script Method!"); } }
In this example, the eval()
method is called with JavaScript code that defines a function. Then, an Invocable
object is created, and its getInterface()
method is used to create a Runnable
interface object. The methods of the interface are implemented by script functions with matching names (in this case, the run()
function is used to implement the run()
method in the interface object). Finally, a new thread is started that runs the script function.
import javax.script.*; public class ImplementRunnable { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("nashorn"); // evaluate JavaScript code that defines a function with one parameter engine.eval("function run() { print('run() function called') }"); // create an Invocable object by casting the script engine object Invocable inv = (Invocable) engine; // get Runnable interface object Runnable r = inv.getInterface(Runnable.class); // start a new thread that runs the script Thread th = new Thread(r); th.start(); th.join(); } }
In this example, the eval()
method is called with JavaScript code that defines an object with a method. This object is then exposed from the script to the Java application using the script engine's get()
method. Then, an Invocable
object is created, and its getInterface()
method is used to create a Runnable
interface object. The methods of the interface are implemented by the script object's methods with matching names (in this case, the run
method of the obj
object is used to implement the run()
method in the interface object). Finally, a new thread is started that runs the script object's method.
import javax.script.*; public class ImplementRunnableObject { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("nashorn"); // evaluate JavaScript code that defines a function with one parameter engine.eval("var obj = new Object()") engine.eval("obj.run = function() { print('obj.run() method called') }"); // expose object defined in the script to the Java application Object obj = engine.get("obj"); // create an Invocable object by casting the script engine object Invocable inv = (Invocable) engine; // get Runnable interface object Runnable r = inv.getInterface(obj, Runnable.class); // start a new thread that runs the script Thread th = new Thread(r); th.start(); th.join(); } }
In this example, the script engine's put()
method is used to set the variable x
to a String
object hello
. Then, the eval()
method is used to print the variable in the default scope. Then, a different script context is defined, and its scope is used to set the same variable to a different value (a String
object world
). Finally, the variable is printed in the new script context that displays a different value.
A single scope is an instance of the javax.script.Bindings
interface. This interface is derived from the java.util.Map<String, Object>
interface. A scope is a set of name and value pairs where the name is a non-empty, non-null String
object. The javax.script.ScriptContext
interface supports multiple scopes with associated Bindings
for each scope. By default, every script engine has a default script context. The default script context has at least one scope represented by the static field ENGINE_SCOPE
. Various scopes supported by a script context are available through the getScopes()
method.
import javax.script.*; public class MultipleScopes { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("nashorn"); // set global variable engine.put("x","hello"); // evaluate JavaScript code that prints the variable (x = "hello") engine.eval("print(x)"); // define a different script context ScriptContext newContext = new SimpleScriptContext(); newContext.setBindings(engine.createBindings(), ScriptContext.ENGINE_SCOPE); Bindings engineScope = newContext.getBindings(ScriptContext.ENGINE_SCOPE); // set the variable to a different value in another scope engineScope.put("x", "world"); // evaluate the same code but in a different script context (x = "world") engine.eval("print(x)", newContext);


 You are making connections within that context and the stories you tell yourself.  Your brain is constantly making new neural pathways. What does this mean?  It is not fixed. You can learn something new, challenge old habits and basically ‘update’ your brain and change your mindset.
Having a better understanding of neuroplasticity means that I can achieve things that I thought were perhaps a bit out of reach. There are goals I would like to achieve, new things I’d like to learn and old habits I would like to break that I can apply this principle to. Knowing that I do not have to be ‘stuck’ in a way of thinking and that I can grow and learn means that I can achieve more than I thought I was capable of. It’s kinda like feeling like a kid again when you first start making friends, learning things and life is just good. I can carve out a new path if I want to.
I think engaging with mindfulness and meditation more regularly is one way that I can increase my neuroplasticity. Also just doing this course in general I am learning new things every day. But just knowing that it is possible to achieve this even if my trajectory is different than others I can still get there.
Growth mindset is not about praising effort in general but praising efforts that lead to decision making on next steps and how you will accomplish this problem/challenge. It is not about “well I tried” but more about “I tried and this didn’t work out so I tried a different way to see if I could get a new result”.
I studied piano from the age of 5 up until 15. Once I had finally moved into grade standard piano I had a wonderful teacher. Her approach to learning taught me a lot about how to problem solve in general. There were always the two components of playing - the theory and the performance. To understand how to count, pause, read, finger technique - a lot of that came from understanding the theory ( just like the basics you learn about how to write code, you can’t get very far if you don’t know what [h1] or [p] tags are). By understanding and applying theory to my practice, I had a better road map to perform a piece. When I was choosing my pieces for the year, she would play me a selection so that I could hear what I would be my final piece. We would then break it down into left hand, right hand, bars, keys, new techniques and each week I would be sent away to practice one component over and over again and then come back the next week for my next assignment.
There was one year in particular that I just wanted to quit out right but I didn’t. Mastering anything is hard but with practice, patience and perseverance you can. Going back on this time in my life definitely makes me realise that I do have the ability to go forward and persevere in this field of study even though I feel like I am losing my brain a little bit at this current moment. I can apply the same learning techniques of looking at the bigger picture and then breaking it all down into smaller bits that will help me achieve the outcomes I need to in this course.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. GS1 Related B. GS2 Related International Relations 1. U.S. backs sale of fighters to India 2. India refuses to join declaration against Myanmar at international meet C. GS3 Related Economics 1. State laws repugnant to IBC are void: SC 2. Govt blacklists 300,000 directors of shell companies 3. Govt starts direct transfer of subsidized fertilizers to check diversion, smuggling 4. Aging population to hit Asia growth: IMF Disaster management 1. Development must be climate-smart Science and Technology 1. NASA captures images of strong solar flares D. GS4 Related E. Prelims Fact F. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions G. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
Nothing here for Today!!!
Nothing here for Today!!!
Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. U.S. backs sale of fighters to India
In news:
- The Trump administration has told the U.S. Congress that it “strongly supports” the sale of F-18 and F-16 fighter planes to India.
- President Donald Trump is in principle against companies relocating facilities abroad.
- Fighter planes built by American companies Boeing and Lockheed Martin
- Both companies have offered to assemble these planes in India.
- Move to reduce Trade deficit:
- The deals could reduce America’s trade deficit with India and create more jobs in America than they relocate
- Strategic significance: Defense cooperation with India is so vital to U.S. interests because U.S. need India to be a net security provider in the Indo-Pacific region.
- Key Fact:
- Single engine fighter acquisition: F-16 and Gripen, built by Swedish company Saab, are competing.
- Twin engine fleet for aircraft carriers: French Rafale and Boeing’s F/A-18 are competing
- Lockheed Martin and Tata have formed a joint venture to make F-16, while Saab announced a JV with the Adani group last week for Gripen.
2. India refuses to join declaration against Myanmar at international meet
‘World Parliamentary Forum on Sustainable Development’:
- Venue: Indonesia
- Bali Declaration and reference to violence in Rakhine State: “Call on all parties to contribute to the restoration of stability and security, exercise maximum self-restraint from using violent means, respect the human rights of all people in Rakhine State regardless of their faith and ethnicity, as well as facilitate and guarantee safe access for humanitarian assistance.”
- India’s Stance:
- An Indian parliamentary delegation, led by Speaker Lok Sabha Sumitra Mahajan, dissociated itself from the ‘Bali Declaration’.
- The declaration adopted at the conclusion of the Forum, was not in line with the agreed global principles of ‘sustainable development’
- India reiterated its stance that the purpose of convening the Parliamentary forum was to arrive at mutual consensus for implementation of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) which requires inclusive and broad-based development processes
- India said, “Never before ‘country-specific’ issues have been included in the declaration as these dilute the objective of these Forums which require unity and focused efforts of all the countries,”.
Basic Information
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), officially known as Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a set of 17 “Global Goals” with 169 targets between them.
- Spearheaded by the United Nations through a deliberative process involving its 193 Member States.
1. State laws repugnant to IBC are void: SC
In news:
Supreme Court ruling: “Entrenched managements are no longer allowed to continue in management if they cannot pay their debts,”
- Provisions of State enactments which hinder the country’s new bankruptcy law, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), meant to protect the interests of shareholders, creditors and workmen against entrenched managements unable to dig their way out of their debts, will be declared void.
- Erstwhile management of a company cannot represent it in court once insolvency resolution process has been admitted in the National Company Law Tribunal and the management transferred to insolvency professional.
2. Govt blacklists 300,000 directors of shell companies
In news:
- The government decided to bar as many as 300,000 directors of companies that have defaulted on statutory compliances from serving on the boards of other firms to improve corporate governance and check financial irregularities through the use of shell companies.
- The ministry of corporate affairs, which regulates unlisted companies, also decided to track down the beneficial owners of suspected shell companies
- It will take penal action against those who divert funds from companies that are struck off the records of the Registrar of Companies (RoC).
- The ministry said it is also monitoring the action being taken by regulatory bodies against professionals such as chartered accountants, company secretaries and cost accountants who have been found to have colluded with the shell companies in committing financial irregularities.
Impact:
- Weeding out shell companies would not only help in checking the menace of black money but also would promote an ecosystem of ‘ease of doing business’ and enhancing investors’ confidence
- Filing annual reports on time will minimize the possibility of fraud and tax evasion and it will also protect stakeholder interest and improve India’s image globally
Basic Information
Shell corporations:
- A shell corporation is a corporation without active business operations or significant assets.
- These types of corporations are not all necessarily illegal, but they are sometimes used illegitimately, such as to disguise business ownership from law enforcement or the public.
- Legitimate reasons for a shell corporation include such things as a startup using the business entity as a vehicle to rise funds, conduct a hostile takeover or to go public.
Reasons to legitimately set up a Shell Corporation
- The number one reason for a domestic company to set up a shell company is to realize a tax haven abroad.
- Large corporations, like in the Apple example, have decided to move jobs and profits offshore, taking advantage of looser tax codes. This is the process of “off shoring” or “outsourcing” work that was once conducted domestically.
- To remain within legal bounds internationally, corporations will set up shell companies in the foreign countries in which they are offshoring work.
3. Govt starts direct transfer of subsidized fertilizers to check diversion, smuggling
In news:
- With a view to preventing diversion of subsidized fertilizers for industrial use and their smuggling across the border, the government soft-launched the direct benefits transfer (DBT) scheme for the commodity in the national capital.
- Nationwide rollout of the scheme that could help prevent the leakage of subsidies meant for farmers.
- However, unlike in the case of liquified petroleum gas, subsidy on fertilizers will not be passed on to farmers directly as the latter cannot be forced to shell out large sums upfront for fertilizers and get bank transfers later.
- Instead, companies will sell the product at state-set prices and the government will settle the subsidy involved in every individual sale to farmers with the companies within a week of the transaction.
- The point-of-sale machines will capture sales data including the identity of the farmer, quantity of purchase, soil health details and land details where possible.
- Using this data, the government intends to limit diversion of subsidised fertilizers to other sectors such as plywood manufacture.
4. Aging population to hit Asia growth: IMF
In news:
- The International Monetary Fund chief raised a red alert: aging populations in key Asian economies would drag on their growth, urging policymakers to step up their response to shifting demographics.
- Revealed by various studies:
- Asia’s population is aging faster
than anywhere else in the world
- Japan forecast: to become the first “ultra-aged” country, meaning 28% of the population is 65 or over
- South Korea: while a fifth of the people are expected to be 65 by 2030.
- Rapidly aging countries, including China, Japan, Korea and Thailand, “will have smaller workforces in the future and potentially lower productivity growth”.
- In emerging countries such as India — where population is still growing — better education for girls and wider access to finance for women should be prioritised.
- Gender gap and GDP: closing the gender gap in the employment market could raise Japanese GDP by 9%, South Korea’s by 10%, and India’s by 27%.
1. Development must be climate-smart
Context
- Issues related to Extreme Weather Events.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report
- Climate models have indicated with high confidence that climate change will lead to an increase in extreme rainfall events
- According to the IPCC Special Report on Extreme Events, global warming leads to “changes in the frequency, intensity, spatial extent, duration, and timing of extreme weather and climate events, and can result in unprecedented extreme weather and climate events”
Understanding the extreme events:
- The main reason for understanding extreme events is to help policymakers, emergency responders and local communities to plan and prepare for them
- Cities could be laid out to reduce flooding by following natural contours, drainage and tank systems
- Emergency responders should be well prepared to transport and care for people who may become stranded during disasters
The concept of ‘attribution’
- Research that tries to understand this relationship between anthropogenic climate change and extreme events in particular locations is called “attribution”
Rainfall in Chennai and Climate Change:
- According to experts, the 494 mm rain in Chennai was a rare event, with less than a 0.2% chance of occurring in any given year
- The Chennai flood of 2015 did not have a clear climate signature to show that it was due to warming of the earth
Possible reasons behind the actual patterns of flooding in Chennai, Mumbai and Houston
- These were due to several human-induced activities
(1) rampant increase in built-up area across natural drainage channels
(2) the diversion or damming of rivers upstream leading to sediment transport and siltation
(3) coastal subsidence and other effects of development
Urbanization behind the scene
- The spread of infrastructure such as roads, highways, buildings, residential complexes, tiled or asphalt-covered land obstructs rainwater from percolating(drain) into the soil
- Often there are further barriers that block movement of water and increase flooding
Issues with the Infrastructure Development and Urbanization
- In many parts of the world, construction in cities or in urbanising areas does not take into consideration the existing topography, surface water bodies, stream flows, etc.
- In much of India, urban growth over the past few decades has ignored the hydrology of the land
- For decades, urbanisation has ignored ecological principles associated with water bodies, vegetation, biodiversity and topography
The Way Forward
- Development needs to be climate-smart, but also avoid social and institutional challenges such as moral hazard
- Construction on existing lake beds and other waterbodies needs to be removed or redesigned to allow flood drainage along natural water channels
- As the frequency of extreme weather events increases around the world, losses in rich countries are higher in terms of GDP
- But in terms of the number of people at risk, it is the poor countries that suffer the most
- Those who are the most vulnerable and the poorest end up bearing the brunt of the burdens of climate change and mal-development, which together operate to worsen impacts
Category: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. NASA captures images of strong solar flares
In news:
- Two high-intensity solar flares were emitted, the second of which was the most intense recorded since the start of this sun cycle in December 2008, NASA said.
- These radiation flares, which can disrupt communications satellites, GPS and power grids by reaching the upper earth atmosphere, were detected and captured by the US Space Agency’s Solar Dynamics Observatory.
- The current cycle of the sun, which began in December 2008, saw the intensity of solar activity decline sharply, opening the way to the “solar minimum”.
- Solar Cycles:
- Solar cycles last on average eleven years.
- At the end of the active phase, these eruptions become increasingly rare but still can be powerful.
- Solar storms result from an accumulation of magnetic energy in some places.
- These jets of ionized matter are projected — at high speed into and beyond the crown of the sun —hundreds of thousands of kilometres outward.
Nothing here for Today!!!
Nothing here for Today!!!
F. Practice Questions for UPSC Prelims Exam
Question 1. Solar cycle lasts on an average for _______.
- Eleven years
- Twelve years
- Ten years
- None of the above
See
Question 2. The area known as ‘Rakhine state’ sometimes appears in the news in the
context of the events related to which country ______.
- Bangladesh
- Thailand
- Myanmar
- Mongolia
See
Question 3. The provision in Fifth Schedule and Sixth schedule in the constitution of
India are made in order to _________.
- Protect the interests of Scheduled Tribes.
- Determine the boundaries between states.
- Determine the powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
- Protect the interests of all the border states.
Question 4. In the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, an initiative of six countries, which of
the following is/ are not a participant/ participants?
- Bangladesh
- Cambodia
- China
- Myanmar
- Thailand
Select the correct answer using the code given below
- 1 only
- 2, 3 and 4
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2 and 5
Question 5. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
- There is a time limit of 30 days to file a Curative petition.
- The Curative petition is circulated among three senior most judges.
Choose the correct answer
- Only 1
- Only 2
- Both 1 and 2
- None of the above
G. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
GS Paper III
- “Parts of Asia risk becoming old before becoming rich.” Comment?
Also, check previous Daily News Analysis
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Two missing as France's Cote d'Azur hit by flooding
Le Bar-sur-Loup, France - - Two people were missing and hundreds of homes flooded Saturday as heavy rains hit the Cote d'Azur in southern France, disrupting air and rail transport and leading to hundreds of evacuations.
One of the missing was a 77-year-old man.
Near Muy, in the Car area, a woman was also missing after a lifeboat capsized with three crew members and three other people aboard. While five of them reached safety she could not be found.
Two other people were rushed to hospital as storms hit the area overnight.
The two districts affected, Alpes-Maritimes and Var, were placed on "red alert" warnings by the meteorological office and official warnings were also issued about high waves off the coast.
A total of 1,600 members of the emergency services were mobilised to deal with the emergency.
Numerous roads were cut off and rail traffic was halted from the Cote d'Azur to the Italian border until at least Sunday.
Flights from Nice international airport were suspended during the day and due to resume late Saturday.
In Nice itself, alert sirens sounded to urge people to stay indoors. Most residents complied and the streets were almost deserted by late afternoon on Saturday.
Four thousand homes were left without electricity due to the bad weather and flooding.
In several towns, including Hyeres and Frejus, hundreds of residents were evacuated as a preventative measure. Shelter was provided in municipal buildings.
A 39-year-old woman was seriously injured after being carried along by a wave, according to firefighters.
A 78-year-old man was also hospitalised with hypothermia after being trapped by a tree trunk brought down by a landslide.
The French authorities warned late Saturday that with more heavy rain on the way and rivers in the area already overflowing their banks that the flooding will continue to worsen".
They urged local residents to stay indoors, be careful near water courses and not to use their vehicles unless strictly necessary.
Other regions of southern France, including Gard and Haute-Loire, were put on orange weather warnings.
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Tens of thousands march in France to condemn domestic violence
Tens of thousands of people took the streets of Paris and other French cities on Saturday to protest against domestic violence after more than 130 women are believed to have been killed by their partner or ex-partner in France this year.
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Germany again deports Lebanese convict back to Beirut
German authorities have again deported a Lebanese man who was convicted of drug dealing and deported earlier this year but then returned to Germany.
Read More
Dozens of dogs tested in French search for pregnant woman's forest killers
French police investigating the death of a pregnant woman mauled to death by dogs while walking in the woods have carried out DNA tests on 67 dogs to try identify those that attacked her, investigators said Thursday.


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Sample that restarts the dev server
Reload Page (Shows how the runtime id stays the same)
|
Restart Server (watch the runtime id change)
Runtime ID (created at startup):


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}
Medieval catalogues > BENEDICTINES: THE SHORTER CATALOGUES > Coventry > Books written by John de Bruges, c. 1240
{% endif %}15 identified entries found.
All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
{% if not printing %}
A key to codes used in the List is available (opens in new tab).{% endif %}


POS tags
| Open class words | Closed class words | Other |
|---|---|---|
| ADJ | ADP | PUNCT |
| ADV | AUX | SYM |
| INTJ | CCONJ | X |
| NOUN | DET | |
| PROPN | NUM | |
| VERB | PART | |
| PRON | ||
| SCONJ |
ADJ
: adjective
Description
Adjectives typically modify nouns. In Basque, the adjective follows the noun, although some of them precede it.
Examples
- Following the noun: etxe handia “big house”
- Preceding the noun: goiko etxea “the upper house”
ADP
: adposition
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for ADP
.
ADV
: adverb
Description
Adverbs are words that typically modify adjectives, verbs or other adverbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. In Basque, the free word order allows the averbs to appear on either side of the verb.
Examples
- Following the verb: azkar doa “fast goes”
- Preceding the verb: darama sarritan “carries frequently”
- oso azkar “very fast”
AUX
: auxiliary verb
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for AUX
.
CCONJ
: coordinating conjunction
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for CCONJ
.
DET
: determiner
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for DET
.
INTJ
: interjection
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for INTJ
.
NOUN
: noun
Definition
Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea.
Examples
- neska “girl”
- katu “cat”
- zuhaitz “tree”
- aire “air”
- edertasun “beauty”
NUM
: numeral
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for NUM
.
PART
: particle
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for PART
.
PRON
: pronoun
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for PRON
.
PROPN
: proper noun
Definition
A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object.
Examples
- Jon, Jon
- Ukrainia, Ucraine
- Madril, Madrid
PUNCT
: punctuation
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for PUNCT
.
SCONJ
: subordinating conjunction
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for SCONJ
.
SYM
: symbol
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for SYM
.
VERB
: verb
A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.
The tag VERB is reserved for full lexical verbs, while auxiliary verbs are tagged [AUX]. In Basque, there are two types of main verbs:
- Complete: verbs with aspect, tense, and agreement features
- Incomplete: verbs with aspect and tense features (future tense)
Examples
- Complete: daramat “(I) carry (it)”, dakarkio “(he) brings(present-tense) (it) (to him)”
- Incomplete: ekarri du(AUX) “carry him-it-present-tense(AUX)”,
X
: other
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for X
.


the and was that for were with had not from The their (). are they there have but one which you this our about more has been because than can bias Altman journal journals also what all reviews some out being two negative Our ./--- identified protocols experience lack where clinicians trialist who publication when those know BMJ interview findings. publish would any trials: actually peer Cochrane how didn’t make "We All paper asked could publishing relating authors ORBIT selected its very (n = ) consensus Chan found got JAMA most interviewed often protocol, thought Smyth many indexed This need over Williamson such For manuscript difficulties highlighted first generally less made identify high probably really addition, them way There trialists’ three during these final PLoS getting since writing randomly considered manuscripts pre-specified may trials. going reasons reviewers should role lead through (n = ), relevant into under NIHR (%) early see only within level appropriate felt both taken investigators ./jama.. "The access wide therefore aspects articles RMDS your changes variables focus longer literature poor PubMed around trials, questions it’s individual whether might point carried problem schedule scientific although practical agreed it, Dickersin Some accepted approached design, chief And full addition further set submitted then barriers able ./bmj.c after unable Questions complete agreeing One want acknowledged bias. analysed ensure base that, never knowing editorial variation whole interest difficult equipoise. proportion period Gøtzsche planning submission highest funding quite said papers Gamble decided doing funded appeared development don’t account participation outcomes, challenges add discussed international choice part selecting natural study, without little cohort other direction order


About me
I am Alla Albadarin Al-Badarin
Al-Badareen Last Name Facts
Where Does The Last Name Al-Badareen Come From? nationality or country of origin
The surname Al-Badareen is found most frequently in Jordan. It can also be rendered as:. Click here for other potential spellings of this name.
How Common Is The Last Name Al-Badareen? popularity and diffusion
This last name is the 6,723,624th most commonly held family name throughout the world, borne by approximately 1 in 910,943,240 people. The surname Al-Badareen occurs predominantly in Asia, where 88 percent of Al-Badareen reside; 63 percent reside in West Asia and 38 percent reside in Levant.
The surname Al-Badareen is most commonly used in Jordan, where it is carried by 3 people, or 1 in 2,947,479. Beside Jordan it is found in 4 countries. It is also common in Malaysia, where 25 percent live and Qatar, where 13 percent live.


First Name:
Last Name:
Gender:
Male:
Female:
Email Address:
Physical Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Sports
Books
Food
Nature
Art
Animals


My name is Brent and I am a aspiring software developer. I mainly program in C++ and C#(Unity) and use the Unity engine and C++ std 17 to develop applications and interest projects. I really enjoy programming because it is like a big book that can always be republished with new and rewritten information and techniques. There is always a problem or mountain to overcome and when I am approached by a problem, I put my mind and attention toward that problem to solve it. Learning to solve those issues are quite an enjoyable thing to do, and when I solve it, it feels great knowing that I am able to easily fix or avoid the problem next time. I have found enjoyment in network programming and an interest in both encryption and vr/ar development.
I have a passion for games, both playing and creating, and being able to code software myself and seeing the program grow and evolve. I am a honest and straightforward guy with motivation that drives me to succeed and conquer those problems thrown at me. I love facing new problems and completing tasks as I know that at the end of that journey I will have gained some knowledge. I put family first before anything in life as they are very important to me and they help drive me to succeed. I always strive to do my best and work with others in a respectable and honest manner. I always look to the road ahead with a positive manner.
I created a Physics Engine based on C++ with the use of the glm math library. The current state of the engine is to handle physics in a 2D enviroment. Next working goal is to achieve physics in a 3D world.
Open Project Download EXEI decided to delve into C++ Winsock 2.2 and have some fun while learing. In the basic is where I followed the guidelines and documents on Windows API website. In the advanced is where I took the knowhow from the basic to create a basic messagener application with basic multi-threaded support.
Open ProjectUsing my knowladge in winsock2 and threading, I created a tcp echo server with the server supporting multiple connections at once. Learned a couple new things within winsock2 and how to avoid some of the blocking calls.
Open ProjectSimple and functional genetic algorithm created in C++. It was a very fun and adventures time creating this program as I learned quite a bit on AI and how the survival of the fittest can play a part in coding. Learned a few new C++ features including the standard library function ability.
Open ProjectThis was my first game jam that went over a period of three days and we decided to do a two player falling fighting game where the objective was to get the parachute before the time ran out. We had two designers, three artists and two programmers working on this game. My work on this game was the player movement and menu scripting.
Engine: Unity
Designers:
Jordan Dines and Mickey Seamark
Artists:
Kenny Chung, Stefano Echise and Bailey Schmidtke
Programmers:
Brent Kingma and Ed Ladyzhenskii.
This was my 2nd game jam and we elected to do a fish eating/growing android app for the game. It was done in a three day time period with two porgrammers, three artists and two designers. My work on this game was the game manager handling all the scores, saving them out to files and the player movement and growth.
Engine: Unity
Designers:
Nick Barnett and Max Turner
Artist:
Jessica Murphy, Sarah Dyer and Marc Varvakis
Programmers:
Brent Kingma and Mark Phillips
This was my 3rd game jam where the names were given randomly and we had to develop a game based on that name in a time period of three days. There were two programmers, two designers and four artists. My work on this project was the game manager handling all the scores, time, combos andwave progression and the character movements with the AI movement.
Engine: Unity
Designers:
Jarrod Sevior and Jason Crawford
Artists:
Errol Chopra, Daniel McMurray, Rachel Torpy and Logan Mcguire
Programmers:
Brent Kingma and Mark Phillips
This was my major project at the end of 2017 where we spent six weeks in development to create our own version of Thumper. It is set in a post apocalyptic world where the goal is to reach the city and detonate the fuel cell on your car. The project was created by three designers, three artists and two programmers. My work on the project was creating tools for the designers to easily create and place obstacles on the road and save that to the real scene. I also worked on the player movement and effects that the obstacles apply onto the player.
Engine: Unity
Designers: Devon Sanders, Keith Rogers and Jake Reason
Artists: Jasper Lepani, Raphael Buenaventura and Kim Niemann
Programmers: Brent Kingma and Mark Sturtz
This is a graphics engine being developed in C++ using the glm math library and glsl graphics library.Current Build:
Created mod using Bepinex Library for Unity based games. This was my first mod that I had created for any game. Learning new things along the way was amazing, such as how to properly use dnSpy, how to use a library to allow you to hook onto methods within the game and add your own logic to it. The mod adds 2 additional items to the game, specifically for 2 characters, the Huntress and the Bandit. The items give them additional abilities or improved abilities and the items are not obtainable by other characters.
Open ProjectCreated mod using Bepinex Library for Unity based games, along with the Harmony api. Played with friends and wondered if I could get sharable powerups going, so I created a mod that does just that. Took me a couple of hours to find a route using dnSpy, and eventually got the solution, it was easier than what i anticipated it to be but it was a fun endeavour.
Open ProjectCreated mod using Bepinex Library for Unity based games, along with the Harmony api. A friend had asked me if I could get the map to show other players locations and add waypoints, so I took on the challenge and as this was my 3rd mod and 2nd for the game, I was accustomed to how the game was working and was able to get it done in just a few hours.
Open Project


I am currently a freshman pursuing his interests in various Web Technology
“Once a new technology rolls over you, if you're not part of the steamroller, you're part of the road.”
Always be productive!
Learning and implementing languages like python and java,
Also framework like Django.


Introduction to 3D printing and Scanning
3D printing
- Additive Manufacturing technologies.
- Filament. (Fused deposition modelling or fdm.)Prusa.
- Selective laser sintering. Powder.
- Stereolithography. Formlabs.
- Applications and limitations.
- Applications.
- Parts for devices. See several examples. Pictures.
- Making things additively that cannot easily be made subtractively. Pictures.
- Making things additively that could easily be made subtractively. Pictures.
- "Rapid" prototypes.
- Educational and art objects. Pictures.
- Limitations.
- Dimensional limitations.
- Time limitations.
- Material limitations.
3D Modelling and Scanning
Preparing to print.
- Slicers
- Support structures.
- g code.


| I l@ve RuBoard |
19.8 Wrapping C++ Classes with SWIGOne of the neater tricks SWIG can perform is class wrapper generation -- given a C++ class declaration and special command-line settings, SWIG generates:
As before, simply run SWIG in your makefile to scan the C++ class declaration and compile its outputs. The end result is that by importing the shadow class in your Python scripts, you can utilize C++ classes as though they were really coded in Python. Not only can Python programs make and use instances of the C++ class, they can also customize it by subclassing the generated shadow class. 19.8.1 A Little C++ Class (But Not Too Much)To see how this all works, we need a C++ class. To illustrate, let's code a simple one to be used in Python scripts.[7] The following C++ files define a Number class with three methods (add, sub, display), a data member (data), and a constructor and destructor. Example 19-19 shows the header file.
Example 19-19. PP2E\Integrate\Extend\Swig\Shadow\number.hclass Number { public: Number(int start); ~Number( ); void add(int value); void sub(int value); void display( ); int data; }; And Example 19-20 is the C++ class's implementation file; each method prints a message when called to trace class operations. Example 19-20. PP2E\Integrate\Extend\Swig\Shadow\number.cxx#include "number.h" #include "iostream.h" // #include "stdio.h" Number::Number(int start) { data = start; cout << "Number: " << data << endl; // cout and printf both work // printf("Number: %d\n", data); // python print goes to stdout } Number::~Number( ) { cout << "~Number: " << data << endl; } void Number::add(int value) { data += value; cout << "add " << value << endl; } void Number::sub(int value) { data -= value; cout << "sub " << value << endl; } void Number::display( ) { cout << "Number = " << data << endl; } Just so that you can compare languages, here is how this class is used in a C++ program; Example 19-21 makes a Number object, call its methods, and fetches and sets its data attribute directly (C++ distinguishes between "members" and "methods," while they're usually both called "attributes" in Python). Example 19-21. PP2E\Integrate\Extend\Swig\Shadow\main.cxx#include "iostream.h" #include "number.h" main( ) { Number *num; num = new Number(1); // make a C++ class instance num->add(4); // call its methods num->display( ); num->sub(2); num->display( ); num->data = 99; // set C++ data member cout << num->data << endl; // fetch C++ data member num->display( ); delete num; } You can use the g++ command-line C++ compiler program to compile and run this code on Linux. If you don't run Linux, you'll have to extrapolate (there are far too many C++ compiler differences to list here). [mark@toy ~/.../PP2E/Integrate/Extend/Swig/Shadow]$ g++ main.cxx number.cxx [mark@toy ~/.../PP2E/Integrate/Extend/Swig/Shadow]$ a.out Number: 1 add 4 Number = 5 sub 2 Number = 3 99 Number = 99 ~Number: 99 19.8.2 Wrapping the C++ Class with SWIGLets get back to Python. To use the C++ Number class in Python scripts, you need to code or generate a glue logic layer between the two languages, as in prior examples. To generate that layer automatically, just write a SWIG input file like the one shown in Example 19-22. Example 19-22. PP2E\Integrate\Extend\Swig\Shadow\number.i/******************************************************** * Swig module description file for wrapping a C++ class. * Generate by saying "swig -python -shadow number.i". * The C module is generated in file number_wrap.c; here, * module 'number' refers to the number.py shadow class. ********************************************************/ %module number %{ #include "number.h" %} %include number.h This interface file simply directs SWIG to read the C++ class's type signature information from the included number.h header file. This time, SWIG uses the class declaration to generate three files, and two different Python modules:
The Linux makefile shown in Example 19-23 combines the generated C++ wrapper code module with the C++ class implementation file to create a numberc.so,the dynamically loaded extension module that must be in a directory on your Python module search path when imported from a Python script. Example 19-23. PP2E\Integrate\Extend\Swig\Shadow\makefile.number-swig########################################################################### # Use SWIG to integrate the number.h C++ class for use in Python programs. # Note: name "numberc.so" matters, because shadow class imports numberc. ########################################################################### # unless you've run make install SWIG = ../myswig PY = $(MYPY) all: numberc.so number.py # wrapper + real class numberc.so: number_wrap.o number.o g++ -shared number_wrap.o number.o -o numberc.so # generated class wrapper module number_wrap.o: number_wrap.c number.h g++ number_wrap.c -c -g -I$(PY)/Include -I$(PY) number_wrap.c: number.i $(SWIG) -c++ -python -shadow number.i number.py: number.i $(SWIG) -c++ -python -shadow number.i # wrapped C++ class code number.o: number.cxx number.h g++ -c -g number.cxx cxxtest: g++ main.cxx number.cxx clean: rm -f *.pyc *.o *.so core a.out force: rm -f *.pyc *.o *.so core a.out number.py number_wrap.c number_wrap.doc As usual, run this makefile to generate and compile the necessary glue code into an extension module that can be imported by Python programs: [mark@toy ~/....../Integrate/Extend/Swig/Shadow]$ make -f makefile.number-swig Generating wrappers for Python g++ number_wrap.c -c -g -I/... g++ -c -g number.cxx g++ -shared number_wrap.o number.o -o numberc.so To help demystify SWIG's magic somewhat, here is a portion of the generated C++ number_wrap.c accessor functions module. You can find the full source file at http://examples.oreilly.com/python2 (or simply generate it yourself ). Notice that this file defines a simple C extension module of functions that generally expect a C++ object pointer to be passed in (i.e., a "this" pointer in C++ lingo). This is a slightly different structure than Example 19-17, which wrapped a C type with a Python class instead, but the net effect is similar: ..._wrap function implementations that run C++ operation syntax... #define new_Number(_swigarg0) (new Number(_swigarg0)) static PyObject *_wrap_new_Number(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { ...body deleted... } #define Number_add(_swigobj,_swigarg0) (_swigobj->add(_swigarg0)) static PyObject *_wrap_Number_add(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { ...body deleted... } #define Number_data_get(_swigobj) ((int ) _swigobj->data) static PyObject *_wrap_Number_data_get(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { ...body deleted... } static PyMethodDef numbercMethods[] = { { "Number_data_get", _wrap_Number_data_get, 1 }, { "Number_data_set", _wrap_Number_data_set, 1 }, { "Number_display", _wrap_Number_display, 1 }, { "Number_sub", _wrap_Number_sub, 1 }, { "Number_add", _wrap_Number_add, 1 }, { "delete_Number", _wrap_delete_Number, 1 }, { "new_Number", _wrap_new_Number, 1 }, { NULL, NULL } }; SWIGEXPORT(void,initnumberc)( ) { PyObject *m, *d; SWIG_globals = SWIG_newvarlink( ); m = Py_InitModule("numberc", numbercMethods); d = PyModule_GetDict(m); On top of the accessor functions module, SWIG generates number.py, the following shadow class that Python scripts import as the actual interface to the class. This code is a bit more complicated than the wrapper class we saw in the prior section, because it manages object ownership and therefore handles new and existing objects differently. The important thing to notice is that it is a straight Python class that saves the C++ "this" pointer of the associated C++ object, and passes control to accessor functions in the generated C++ extension module: import numberc class NumberPtr : def __init__(self,this): self.this = this self.thisown = 0 def __del__(self): if self.thisown == 1 : numberc.delete_Number(self.this) def add(self,arg0): val = numberc.Number_add(self.this,arg0) return val def sub(self,arg0): val = numberc.Number_sub(self.this,arg0) return val def display(self): val = numberc.Number_display(self.this) return val def __setattr__(self,name,value): if name == "data" : numberc.Number_data_set(self.this,value) return self.__dict__[name] = value def __getattr__(self,name): if name == "data" : return numberc.Number_data_get(self.this) raise AttributeError,name def __repr__(self): return "<C Number instance>" class Number(NumberPtr): def __init__(self,arg0) : self.this = numberc.new_Number(arg0) self.thisown = 1 A subtle thing: the generated C++ module file is named number_wrap.c, but the Python module name it gives in its initialization function is numberc, which is the name also imported by the shadow class. The import works because the combination of the glue code module and the C++ library file is linked into a file numberc.so such that the imported module file and initialization function names match. When using shadow classes and dynamic binding, the compiled object file's name must generally be the module name given in the .i file with an appended "c". In general, given an input file named interface.i: %module interface ...declarations... SWIG generates glue code file interface_wrap.c, which you should somehow compile into an interfacec.so file to be dynamically loaded on import: swig -python -shadow interface.i g++ -c interface.c interface_wrap.c ...more... g++ -shared interface.o interface_wrap.o -o interfacec.so The module name interface is reserved for the generated shadow class module, interface.py. Keep in mind that this implementation structure is subject to change at the whims of SWIG's creator, but the interface it yields should remain the same -- a Python class that shadows the C++ class, attribute for attribute.[8]
19.8.3 Using the C++ Class in PythonOnce the glue code is generated and compiled, Python scripts can access the C++ class as though it were coded in Python. Example 19-24 repeats the main.cxx file's class tests; here, though, the C++ class is being utilized from the Python programming language. Example 19-24. PP2E\Integrate\Extend\Swig\Shadow\main.pyfrom number import Number # use C++ class in Python (shadow class) # runs same tests as main.cxx C++ file num = Number(1) # make a C++ class object in Python num.add(4) # call its methods from Python num.display( ) # num saves the C++ 'this' pointer num.sub(2) num.display( ) num.data = 99 # set C++ data member, generated __setattr__ print num.data # get C++ data member, generated __getattr__ num.display( ) del num # runs C++ destructor automatically Because the C++ class and its wrappers are automatically loaded when imported by the number shadow class, you run this script like any other: [mark@toy ~/....../Integrate/Extend/Swig/Shadow]$ python main.py Number: 1 add 4 Number = 5 sub 2 Number = 3 99 Number = 99 ~Number: 99 This output is mostly coming from the C++ class's methods, and is the same as the main.cxx results shown in Example 19-21. If you really want to use the generated accessor functions module, you can, as shown in Example 19-25. Example 19-25. PP2E\Integrate\Extend\Swig\Shadow\main_low.pyfrom numberc import * # same test as main.cxx # use low-level C accessor function interface num = new_Number(1) Number_add(num, 4) # pass C++ 'this' pointer explicitly Number_display(num) # use accessor functions in the C module Number_sub(num, 2) Number_display(num) Number_data_set(num, 99) print Number_data_get(num) Number_display(num) delete_Number(num) This script generates the same output as main.py, but there is no obvious advantage to moving from the shadow class to functions here. By using the shadow class, you get both an object-based interface to C++ and a customizable Python object. For instance, the Python module shown in Example 19-26 extends the C++ class, adding an extra print statement to the C++ add method, and defining a brand new mul method. Because the shadow class is pure Python, this works naturally. Example 19-26. PP2E\Integrate\Extend\Swig\Shadow\main_subclass.pyfrom number import Number # sublass C++ class in Python (shadow class) class MyNumber(Number): def add(self, other): print 'in Python add...' Number.add(self, other) def mul(self, other): print 'in Python mul...' self.data = self.data * other num = MyNumber(1) # same test as main.cxx num.add(4) # using Python subclass of shadow class num.display() # add( ) is specialized in Python num.sub(2) num.display( ) num.data = 99 print num.data num.display( ) num.mul(2) # mul( ) is implemented in Python num.display( ) del num Now we get extra messages out of add calls, and mul changes the C++ class's data member automatically when it assigns self.data: [mark@toy ~/....../Integrate/Extend/Swig/Shadow]$ python main_subclass.py Number: 1 in Python add... add 4 Number = 5 sub 2 Number = 3 99 Number = 99 in Python mul... Number = 198 ~Number: 198 In other words, SWIG makes it easy to use C++ class libraries as base classes in your Python scripts. As usual, you can import the C++ class interactively to experiment with it some more: [mark@toy ~/....../Integrate/Extend/Swig/Shadow]$ python >>> import numberc >>> numberc.__file__ # the C++ class plus generated glue module './numberc.so' >>> import number # the generated Python shadow class module >>> number.__file__ 'number.pyc' >>> x = number.Number(2) # make a C++ class instance in Python Number: 2 >>> y = number.Number(4) # make another C++ object Number: 4 >>> x, y (<C Number instance>, <C Number instance>) >>> x.display( ) # call C++ method (like C++ x->display( )) Number = 2 >>> x.add(y.data) # fetch C++ data member, call C++ method add 4 >>> x.display( ) Number = 6 >>> y.data = x.data + y.data + 32 # set C++ data member >>> y.display( ) # y records the C++ this pointer Number = 42 So what's the catch? Nothing much, really, but if you start using SWIG in earnest, the biggest downside is that SWIG cannot handle every feature of C++ today. If your classes use advanced C++ tools such as operator overloading and templates, you may need to hand-code simplified class type declarations for SWIG, instead of running SWIG over the original class header files. Also, SWIG's current string-based pointer representation sidesteps conversion and type-safety issues and works well in most cases, but it has sometimes been accused of creating performance or interface complications when wrapping existing libraries. SWIG development is ongoing, so you should consult the SWIG manuals and web site for more details on these and other topics. In return for any such trade-offs, though, SWIG can completely obviate the need to code glue layers to access C and C++ libraries from Python scripts. If you have ever coded such layers by hand in the past, you already know that this is a very big win. If you do go the manual route, though, consult Python's standard extension manuals for more details on both API calls used in this and the next chapter, as well as additional extension tools we don't have space to cover in this text. C extensions can run the gamut from short SWIG input files to code that is staunchly wedded to the internals of the Python interpreter; as a rule of thumb, the former survives the ravages of time much better than the latter.
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| I l@ve RuBoard |


The linker invocation commands are:
gld960 { - | / } [-option]... [file]...
lnk960 { - | / } [-option]... [file]...
Each invocation option must be preceded by a - character. (In Windows*, you can also use a / character.) Options are described below.
You can specify one or more input files when invoking the linker. These files can be linker directive files, object files, or libraries.
Choose an option from the list below, or scroll through this document to view all options.
A { SA | SB | KA | KB | CA | CF | JA | JF | JD | HA | HD | HT | RP | CORE0 | CORE1 | CORE2 | CORE3 }
(Architecture)
Use A
to identify a member of the i960 processor family as the output target.
The CORE0-3 options let you create code that is compatible
with a group of processors. Here are the types of i960 processors that
are supported by each CORE switch:
CORE0 = Jx, Hx, RP
CORE1 = All 80960 architectures
CORE2 = Jx, Hx, RP
CORE3 = Cx, Jx, Hx
If the linker is invoked as gld960 and no A
option is given, the target processor is set from the linker directive
OUTPUT_ARCH
or, if that is not set, the environment variable G960ARCH.
If the linker is invoked as lnk960 and no A option is given, the target processor is set from the linker directive OUTPUT_ARCH or, if that is not set, from the environmental variable I960ARCH. If no target processor is specified, the linker produces KB processor output.
Bsection-name section-start-address (Section start address)
Use B to specify a starting address for an output section. This option overrides start addresses given either in SECTIONS directives or with the T option.
For the section-start-address, use either a constant in octal, decimal, or hexadecimal notation or a symbolic expression. To distinguish a constant section-start-address from a symbol name, begin the address with a numeric digit such as 0.
Use C to direct the linker to ignore any STARTUP directive found in linker directive files. The STARTUP file is the first object file encountered on the command line, or in a linker directive file.
Causes the linker to iteratively resolve circular references in libraries. It is best to construct your libraries without circular references. However, in some rare instances it is not possible or practical to do so. The c option allows you to cause the linker to resolve these references iteratively.
D (Don't compress CAVE sections)
To assign common-symbol space in an output file linked with the -r (Relocation) option, use dc or dp. This option has the same effect as the FORCE_COMMON_ALLOCATION directive. (It places common symbols by default into the .bss section.) The final link automatically allocates space for common symbols.
dc | dp (Define common symbol space)
The dc and dp options are equivalent; the multiple forms are available for backward compatibility. You can use this option to assign space to common symbols even when you also specify a relocatable output file with r. The linker directive file command FORCE_COMMON_ALLOCATION has the same effect as dc or dp.
defsym symbol=expression (Define symbol)
Use defsym to define an external absolute symbol on the linker invocation line. This invocation line definition overrides any library definition of the symbol and suppresses loading any library members otherwise needed to resolve references to the symbol.
The symbol argument can be any ASCII string. To access the symbol from C code, prepend the symbol string with an extra underscore character.
The expression defines the symbol value. When using other symbols in this expression, be sure to avoid circular definitions. When the expression contains white space or parentheses you must enclose the entire definition in quotes or somehow escape the expression through the command processor (shell). For example, the following defines a symbol named _dspace with the value 0x12340: defsym "_dspace=0x12340".
Use e to define an entry point other than the default for beginning execution of your program. The entry symbol name becomes the new entry point. By default, the linker defines the entry point as the symbol start. If start is not defined, it uses main. If main is not defined, it is defined as the first address in the .text section. If there is no .text section, the entry is set to 0.
Use Farg to specify the format for output object files.
Fbout produces a b.out format output file named b.out.
Fcoff produces a COFF output file named a.out.
Felf produces an ELF output file named e.out.
When you do not specify F, the linker uses the invocation name to determine the object-file format. For gld960 , the default is Fbout. For lnk960, the default is Fcoff.
Specifying Fbout as a lnk960 option is not supported.
For all formats, header, section and symbol information in input files can be either big-endian or little-endian. The target code in b.out format output is always little-endian (the b.out format does not support big-endian code regions). The target code in COFF and ELF files can be little-endian, big-endian. (You can use mixed-endian but it is officially not supported in the toolset.)
The linker outputs target code and data in the same byte order as its input object files. To link for a big-endian target, all input object files must be big- endian. You can create big-endian object files by compiling or assembling with the G option. The endianness of the output header, section and symbol information depends on the invocation name. When the linker is invoked as gld960, this information is little-endian. When the linker is invoked as lnk960, the information is host-endian.
Initializes the gaps within a section to value. Default is 0.
Informs gld960 that the target has big-endian memory regions. If the linker is invoked as gld960 and G is specified, the Fcoff or Felf option must also be used. If the linker is invoked as gld960, the linker's G option establishes search paths that point to big-endian libraries and directive files.
If the linker is invoked as lnk960, you must include the appropriate big-endian libraries and directive files manually.
g
The linker accepts and ignores the g option. This option is provided for compatibility with other tools.
Invokes the gcdm960 optimization decision maker. See the description of this option in your gcc960 or ic960 compiler driver documentation.
Sorts the common symbols in each file in the linkage, based on size.
Displays the linker help information and exits without further processing.
Removes unneeded COFF storage class tags from output symbol table.
Adds dir to the list of paths the linker searches for archive libraries. You can use this option any number of times on the invocation line. How L interacts with the default search path depends on the linker's invocation name. You can also add directories to the search path using the SEARCH_DIR command in a linker directive file. Such directories are appended to the search path after any directories you specify with L.
Specifies an abbreviation for one of the four standard library types (standard ANSI, math, accelerated floating-point and low-level). The linker combines the abbreviation for the type with the architecture option and big-endian and position-independent code and data options, if any, to generate a list of candidate library names.
A library is found by searching for the first library name in the candidate list in a series of directories and then the second library name in the series of directories, and so on until the library is found.
For each -labbr option, the linker generates the following list of candidate library names:
abbrqual.a
libabbrqual.a
abbrarchqual.a
libabbrarchqual.a
abbr is the argument of the -l option, one of: c, m, h, ll
qual is null unless big-endian, PIC or PID options are specified on the linker command line. Then, qual is one of: _b or b; _e or e; _p or p
arch is the architecture option specified by the linker command line.
The linker searches for each library name along a search path determined by the linker invocation. See Chapter 2 of your i960 Processor Software Utilities User's Guide for more information.
M (Multiple definition warning)
This option is supported for backwards compatibility, but has no effect.
Specify m to generate a linker map. By default, this option is sent to the standard output stream. See the N option on how to redirect this.
Use the n option to create an output file, regardless of whether or not errors occurred during the link. (This option may be removed without notice).
Redirects the linker memory map to the specified file. When this option is not specified but the m option is given, map information is written to standard output. This option allows you to separate the linker map from other information written to standard output, such as verbose messages and warnings.
Ob | Os (Optimization inhibit)
Use these options to suppress optimization of CALLJ/CALLJX to BAL/BALX or to CALLS, respectively. Without such optimization, the instructions remain CALL or CALLX, and may be relocated incorrectly in the case of Os.
Use o to specify a name other than the default for the linker output file. When you do not specify o, the linker names b.out output b.out, COFF output a.out, and ELF output e.out. The o option overrides any OUTPUT linker directive file command.
Specify P when you are producing a relocatable executable (with r option) and also performing the first pass of a two-pass compilation. This option puts the profiling code in your linked output even when you also specify the r option for relocatable output.
pb | pc | pd (Position independence)
To link and mark the output file for position-independent code or data, invoke the linker with lnk960 and specify p, as follows:
For more information on library selection, see the Linker chapter in the i960 Processor Software Utilities User's Guide. By default, files are linked as position-dependent. If you use these switches and the files are not marked as position independent, the linker issues a warning message.
For information on generating position-independent code and data, see the i960 Processor Compiler User's Guide.
For information on marking unlinked object files for position independence, see the i960 Processor Assembler User's Guide.
For information on the position-independent and position-dependent libraries, see the i960 Processor Library Supplement.
When the linker directive file contains HLL(), the linker chooses default libraries according to the position-independent flag.
q { o | n | b } (Search rules)
Use q to specify old (o), new (n) or both (b) search rules. This option requires the tools to have been installed in compatibility mode.
Use R to read symbol names and their addresses from the filename object file without relocating or including the filename object file in your linked output file. When you specify this option, your output file can refer symbolically to absolute locations of memory defined in other programs.
With the r option, relocation entries remain in the output object file for a subsequent linker call, and the linker issues no warnings about unresolved references.
Relocation requires symbol table entries that you can remove with the s option. The linker accepts no command line containing both the -r and -s options.
For a smaller output file, strip symbol information with s (lower case), removing:
Using S (uppercase) retains the symbol table but removes debug symbols. This option is supported in COFF and ELF only. In ELF, this removes all non-allocated sections (.debug* sections). By default, all information remains in the output file.
Since relocation requires the symbol table, using s with the relocation option (r) terminates the linker with an error.
T { bss | data | text } addr (Section start address)
Use T to specify a starting address other than the default for the .bss, .data, or .text section of the output file. The addr argument for each section must be a hexadecimal integer.
The T option continues to be supported for backwards compatibility, but B offers a more general capability.
Use T to specify a linker directive file located in the linker search path. If a linker directive file is given on the command line without the T option, only the current directory is searched.
t
Suppresses warnings of multiple symbol definitions, even if they differ in size. (This option is accepted but has no effect.)
When creating programs of libraries only, such as run-time libraries, build the symbol table with u. This option introduces an unresolved external symbol into the output file symbol table. The linker resolves the reference with the first module defining the symbol. This option is useful when libraries are to be traversed in an order that prevents your application from linking.
Displays the linker version number and continues processing.
Displays information about the actions of the linker.
Displays the linker version number and exits without further processing.
Suppresses all warnings except multiple symbol definition warnings.
Uses the X option to delete local symbols beginning with L or '.'. Use the x option to delete all local symbols.
Traces the symbol sym, indicating each object file in which sym appears, the symbol's type (absolute or relocatable): if it is relocatable, then the section it is in, and whether the file defines or references it. Multiple symbols can be traced with multiple y options. If sym came from a C program, you must precede it with an underscore.
Use this option to specify the location of the program database. For information on the program database, used when performing whole-program or profile-driven optimization, see the i960 Processor Compiler User's Guide.
Tells the linker to mark the output file as created at UNIX time zero (4:00 p.m., December 31, 1969). You can use this option to suppress the COFF time stamp and make two linker output files identical.
Return to the top of this page.


--- title: "Calculator" date: 2020-07-22T21:09:40-07:00 --- ← CE C ± √ 7 8 9 / % 4 5 6 * 1/x 1 2 3 - = 0 . + For demonstration only
For demonstration only


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}
Medieval catalogues > UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE LIBRARIES OF OXFORD > Merton College > Electio list of philosophical books, 1408–9
{% endif %}41 identified entries found.
All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
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Appendix B. Emacs Lisp Packages
The tables in this appendix list the most useful Lisp packages that
come with Emacs. All Lisp packages are typically located in the
directory emacs-source/lisp, where
emacs-source is the directory in which you
placed the Emacs source distribution. We have omitted all of the
packages that provide "basic" Emacs
support; likewise, we have omitted many packages
whose functionality is obsolete or
unspeakably obscure.
While some of these packages are described in some detail in this
book, most aren't; you will have to rely on GNU
Emacs' help for precise descriptions of what the
package does. See Chapter 14 for details about
help; the most important help commands you will need for finding out
about the functionality of Lisp packages are C-h p (for finder-by-keyword), C-h
f (for describe-function), and C-h m (for describe-mode).
C-h p is especially helpful. It lets
you navigate through a hierarchy of information about all packages
available on your system, from general areas of functionality, like
those in the tables in this appendix, to the C-h m information about each individual mode.
Unfortunately, the detailed information is sometimes incomplete and
also lists many packages that could not possibly be interesting to
anyone other than hard-core Emacs customizers.
Wherever it is reasonable, the tables in this appendix give commands
that "start" the package. This
startup information has the following meanings:
If the package implements a major mode, the startup command is the
function that puts Emacs into this major mode. If the package implements a major mode that is automatically loaded
when you visit a file with a certain suffix, we list
"suffix
suffixname" in addition
to the startup command. If the package implements a minor mode, the startup command is the
function that puts Emacs into this minor mode. If the package implements a set of general-purpose functions,
we've tried to pick the most
"typical" of these functions. For
example, the studly package
implements three commands. We arbitrarily picked studlify-region as one way to invoke this
package. If there isn't any reasonable choice, we
list "many."
Finally, a word on using the packages. Some packages are
automatically loaded when Emacs starts; some are loaded when you
visit a file with the appropriate suffix (such as many of the modes
for programming languages); some are automatically loaded whenever
you give the appropriate command (for example, M-x shell Enter loads the package
shell.el for shell-mode); and some are never automatically
loaded. So how do you know which is which?
You don't really have to concern yourself with this
issue. In the tables, the Startup column tells you what command (or
commands) put the package to work. Start Emacs, and give this command
(M-x
startup-command Enter). If Emacs complains no match, the package wasn't
loaded automatically and you need to load the package
"by hand." To do so during an Emacs
session, use the command M-x
load-library name Enter, where the package's
"name" is given in the first column
of the table. You can also tell Emacs to load packages automatically
at startup time by putting lines in your .emacs
file that have this form:
(load-library "name")
Finally, if you're interested in looking at the
source code of
the libraries, which can be a great way
to pick up techniques as you develop skills in programming Emacs
Lisp, check out the find-library-file function presented in Chapter 11.
Now, without further ado, here are the tables of Lisp packages.
Table B-1. Support for Java, C, and C++ programming|
Package
|
Description
|
Startup
|
|---|
cc-mode
|
Major mode for editing Java, C, C++ and Objective-C source files
|
java-mode, c-mode, c++-mode, objc-mode, suffixes
.java, .c,
.h, .y,
.lex, .cc,
.hh, .C,
.H, .cpp,
.cxx, .hxx,
.c++, .h++
|
cmacexp
|
Function for using cpp to expand macros in C source code
|
c-macro-expand
|
hideif
|
Minor mode for hiding code within C preprocessor commands
|
hide-ifdef-mode
|
cpp
|
Major mode for highlighting and hiding code within C preprocessor
conditionals; takes advantage of graphical displays
|
cpp-parse-edit
|
Table B-2. Support for Lisp programming|
Package
|
Description
|
Startup
|
|---|
lisp-mode
|
Major modes for Lisp, Emacs Lisp and Lisp interaction
|
lisp-mode, emacs-lisp-mode, lisp-interaction-mode, suffixes
.l, .lisp,
.lsp, .ml,
.el, and others
|
scheme
|
Major mode for editing Scheme source files
|
scheme-mode, suffixes
.scm, .stk,
.ss, .sch,
.oak
|
cl
|
Functions and macros for Emacs Lisp compatibility with Common Lisp
|
many
|
debug
|
Major mode for debugging Emacs Lisp programs
|
debug, automatically invoked if an
error occurs running code when debug-on-error is not nil
|
edebug
|
Emacs Lisp debugging functionality, implemented as a minor mode
|
edebug
|
disass
|
Function to disassemble compiled Emacs Lisp code
|
disassemble
|
elp
|
Code profiler for Emacs Lisp
|
elp-instrument-package, elp-instrument-function
|
trace
|
Produces function call traces for Emacs Lisp
|
trace-function
|
Table B-3. Support for other programming tasks and languages|
Package
|
Description
|
Startup
|
|---|
gud
|
Major mode for working with many different debuggers including
jdb, gdb,
sdb, dbx,
xdb, perldb,
pdb (Python), and bash
|
jdb, bashdb, gdb,
and many others
|
perl-mode
|
Major mode for working with Perl source
|
perl-mode, suffixes
.pl, .pm,
.perl, .al, and capitalized
variants
|
cperl-mode
|
Major mode for working with Perl source, which many prefer to the
older Perl mode
|
cperl-mode, suffixes
.pl, .pm,
.perl, .al, and capitalized
variants
|
python
|
Major mode for editing Python source files
|
python-mode, suffix
.py
|
tcl
|
Major mode for editing TCL source files
|
tcl-mode, suffixes
.tcl, .exp,
.itcl, .itk
|
sql
|
Major mode for editing SQL queries
|
sql-mode, suffix
.sql
|
ada-mode
|
Major mode for editing Ada source files
|
ada-mode, suffixes
.ada, .adb,
.ads, .adb.dg,
.ads.dg
|
pascal
|
Major mode for editing Pascal source files
|
pascal-mode, suffixes
.p, .pas
|
modula2
|
Major mode for editing Modula-2 source code
|
modula-2-mode
|
fortran
|
Major mode for editing Fortran source files
|
fortran-mode, suffixes
.f, .F,
.for
|
f90
|
Major mode for editing source code in the Fortran 90 dialect
|
f90-mode, suffixes
.f90, .f95
|
asm-mode
|
Major mode for editing assembly language source code
|
asm-mode, suffixes
.s, .S,
.asm
|
awk-mode
|
Major mode for editing awk code
|
awk-mode, suffix
.awk
|
m4-mode
|
Major mode for editing m4 macro source
|
m4-mode, suffixes
.m4, .mc
|
ps-mode
|
Major mode for editing PostScript code
|
ps-mode, suffixes
.ps, .eps, with any
capitalization
|
compile
|
Major mode for compiling programs (often through make or ant)
and allowing easy access to the source lines on which errors are
reported
|
compile
|
Table B-4. Support for Text Processing|
Package
|
Description
|
Startup
|
|---|
text-mode
|
Major mode for editing unprocessed text files
|
text-mode, suffixes
.txt, .text,
.article, .letter, and
files starting with /tmp/Re,
Message and a digit (mail),
/tmp/fol (news)
|
sgml-mode
|
Major mode for editing structured documents (including HTML and
XML)
|
html-mode, xml-mode, sgml-mode, suffixes .htm,
.html, .shtml,
.xml, .xsl,
.dtd, .sgm,
.sgml
|
tex-mode
|
Major mode for editing TEX and LATEX files
|
tex-mode, latex-mode, suffixes
.tex, .ins,
.TeX, .ltx,
.sty, .cls,
.clo, .bbl
|
bibtex
|
Major mode for editing bibliography files
|
bibtex-mode, suffix
.bib
|
refbib
|
Convert bibliography files in refer
format to bibtex format
|
r2b-convert-buffer
|
nroff
|
Major mode for editing nroff and
troff text files
|
nroff-mode, suffixes
.mm, .me,
.ms, .man, or any digit
following a period (manual page source)
|
scribe
|
Major mode for editing Scribe text files
|
scribe-mode, suffix
.mss
|
Table B-5. Emulations for other editors|
Package
|
Description
|
Startup
|
|---|
vi
|
Major mode for emulating the vi
editor
|
vi-mode
|
vip
|
Another major mode for emulating vi
|
vip-mode
|
edt
|
Function to set key bindings to emulate the VAX/VMS EDT editor
|
edt-emulation-on
|
Table B-6. Interfaces to operating system utilities|
Package
|
Description
|
Startup
|
|---|
shell
|
Major mode for interacting with the command-line shell.
|
shell-mode
|
find-dired
|
Run the find command and use
dired on the resulting list of
files.
|
find-dired
|
tar-mode
|
Access files inside a tar archive
through a dired-like interface.
|
tar-mode, suffix
.tar
|
arc-mode
|
Access files in several other archive formats through a dired-like interface.
|
archive-mode, suffixes
.arc, .zip,
.lzh, .zoo,
.ear, .jar,
.war, as well as capitalized variants;
.sxd, .sxm,
.sxi, .sxc,
.sxw
|
lpr
|
Print the contents of a buffer or region.
|
lpr-buffer, print-buffer, lpr-region, print-region
|
sort
|
Sort the contents of a buffer.
|
sort-columns, sort-fields, sort-lines, sort-numeric-fields, sort-paragraphs, sort-regexp-fields
|
spell, ispell
|
Various tools for checking spelling.
|
See Chapter 3
|
diff, ediff
|
Tools to help in comparing files.
|
See Chapter 12
|
Table B-7. Networking support|
Package
|
Description
|
Startup
|
|---|
ange-ftp
|
Provides transparent access to remote files via FTP
|
most standard file-handling commands
|
url
|
Functions for retrieving the contents of documents through URLs
|
Invoked from Lisp code, not interactively
|
quickurl
|
Functions for looking up and adding URLs to documents
|
many commands beginning with quickurl
|
talk
|
A multi-user talk package that runs in Emacs
|
talk-connect
|
eudc
|
A unified directory client for looking up address information from
LDAP, BBDB, CCSO PH/QU and other directory servers
|
eudc-mode
|
net-utils
|
Provides access to common network utility programs (ping, traceroute,
netstat, etc.
|
ping, traceroute, netstat, etc.
|
Table B-8. Games and amusements|
Package
|
Description
|
Startup
|
|---|
animate
|
Draws animated text.
|
animate-birthday-present
|
blackbox
|
Major mode to play the Blackbox game.
|
blackbox-mode
|
decipher
|
Major mode to cryptanalyze monoalphabetic substitution ciphers (break
simple codes).
|
decipher
|
dissociate
|
Randomly scramble text.
|
dissociated-press
|
doctor
|
Major mode for playing the famous
"psychoanalyst" game.
|
doctor
|
dunnet
|
Major mode for playing an adventure game.
|
dunnet
|
gomoku
|
Major mode for playing Gomoku.
|
gomoku
|
hanoi
|
Solve the Towers of Hanoi puzzle for you.
|
hanoi
|
life
|
Explore cellular automata using John Conway's
"life" game rules.
|
life
|
mpuz
|
Generate a random multiplication puzzle.
|
mpuz
|
snake
|
Steer an animated snake towards food without hitting yourself or the
walls.
|
snake
|
solitaire
|
Play the peg solitaire game.
|
solitaire
|
studly
|
Randomly capitalize letters for that polished, professional look.
|
studlify-region
|
tetris
|
Guide falling tiles to complete rows.
|
tetris
|
yow
|
Print a random quotation from Zippy the Pinhead.
|
yow
|
zone
|
Rearrange your buffer in a hypnotic way.
|
zone
|
Again, this is only a sampling of some available packages, to give
you a sense of the breadth and depth of capabilities that ship with
Emacs. The list isn't close to complete even with
respect to what's available at this time, and new
features are always being added. Your best bet is to explore for
yourself using the tools mentioned at the beginning of this appendix.
And don't forget to search the Web for nonstandard
additions that might be just what you need for your own environment
and projects!
|


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This website! 2021-03-05
My own discord bot 2021-03-01
💪 Working out and maintaining my health.
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💬 Socializing with friends.
Graphics


PERF\-TIMECHART
Section: Misc. Reference Manual Pages (1)Updated: 10/16/2012
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
perf-timechart - Tool to visualize total system behavior during a workloadSYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
There are two variants of perf timechart:
-
'perf timechart record <command>' to record the system level events of an arbitrary workload.
-
'perf timechart' to turn a trace into a Scalable Vector Graphics file, that can be viewed with popular SVG viewers such as 'Inkscape'.
OPTIONS
-o, --output=
- Select the output file (default: output.svg)
-i, --input=
- Select the input file (default: perf.data unless stdin is a fifo)
-w, --width=
- Select the width of the SVG file (default: 1000)
-P, --power-only
- Only output the CPU power section of the diagram
-p, --process
- Select the processes to display, by name or PID
--symfs=<directory>
- Look for files with symbols relative to this directory.
SEE ALSO
perf-record(1)
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:07 GMT, December 24, 2015


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It is a BDD testing framework for node.js. The premise behind it is to be as lightweight as possible while making testing easy and fun to do.
npm install it
To use the it executable
npm install -g it
It contains the following functions to write and run tests.
Writing synchronous tests in It is extremely simple. So lets start off with an example.
Lets assume we have a Person Object
var Person = function (name, age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.getOlder = function (years) {
if (years > 0) {
this.age = this.age + years;
}
};
};
The first tests we could run on person could be testing the setting of name and age.
var it = require("../index"),
assert = require("assert");
it.describe("Person", function (it) {
it.should("set set name", function () {
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
assert.equal(person.name, "bob");
});
it.should("set set age", function () {
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
assert.equal(person.age, 1);
});
}).as(module);
Notice we use the it passed back to the describe callback.
Next we could test different scenarios of Person#getOlder
var it = require("../index"),
assert = require("assert");
it.describe("Person", function (it) {
it.describe("#getOlder", function (it) {
it.should("accept positive numbers", function () {
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
person.getOlder(2);
assert.equal(person.age, 3);
});
it.should("not apply negative numbers", function () {
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
person.getOlder(-2);
assert.equal(person.age, 1);
});
});
}).as(module);
In this example we are describing the getOlder method and run different tests against it. Notice the it passed back is used again.
You may nest tests as deep as you like as long as you remember to use the proper it.
it.describe("#getOlder nested", function (it) {
it.describe("with positive numbers", function (it) {
it.should("work", function () {
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
person.getOlder(2);
assert.equal(person.age, 3);
});
});
it.describe("with negative numbers", function () {
//uh oh wrong it
it.should("not work", function () {
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
person.getOlder(-2);
assert.equal(person.age, 1);
});
});
});
Writing asynchronous tests in It is just as easy as writing synchronous tests.
Lets modify Person to make get older async
var Person = function (name, age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.getOlder = function (years, cb) {
setTimeout(function () {
this.age = this.age + years;
cb.call(this, null, this);
}.bind(this), years * 500);
};
};
Now that getOlder is async lets test it
it.describe("#getOlder", function (it) {
//Call with next
it.should("accept positive numbers", function (next) {
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
person.getOlder(2, function (err, person) {
if(err) return next(err)
assert.equal(person.age, 3);
next();
});
});
//return promise
it.should("not apply negative numbers", function () {
var ret = new comb.Promise();
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
person.getOlder(-2, function (err, person) {
assert.equal(person.age, 1);
ret.callback();
});
return ret;
});
});
So in the above example the first should invocation accepts a next argument which is a function that should be called when the current test is done. If next's function signature is next(err, ...). So if next is invoked with a first argument other than null or undefined then it is assumed that the test errored.
The second should used a promise as a return value if you have used comb or any other framework that uses Promises then this will feel pretty natural to you. The test will wait for the promise to resolve before continuing any other tests.
To run tests there are two options the it executable
Options
./coverage.html
To run an entire suite
it -d ./mytests -r dotmatrix
To run an individual test
it ./mytests/person.test.js
You can alternatively run the test directly
it.describe("A Person", function(it){
it.should("set set name", function () {
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
assert.equal(person.name, "bob");
});
it.should("set set age", function () {
var person = new Person("bob", 1);
assert.equal(person.age, 1);
});
}).run();
If you use node-jscoverage to generate coverage then by default it
will output a coverage report. You may also output coverage to an HTML
file by passing in the --cov-html
flag to the executable.
For example out put see patio test coverage.
It currently has two reporters built in spec dotmatrix
For the above tests the output for spec should look as follows
Person
√ should set set name (0ms)
√ should set set age (0ms)
#getOlder
√ should accept positive numbers (1002ms)
√ should not apply negative numbers (0ms)
Finished in 1.002s
4 examples, 0 errors
With dot matrix
Person
....
Finished in 1.002s
4 examples, 0 errors
The following methods are added to assert for convenience
MIT https://github.com/doug-martin/it/raw/master/LICENSE
Code: git clone git://github.com/doug-martin/it.git