Information about the sub-regions generated by RCB can be obtained by an
application through calls to
Zoltan_RCB_Box. This function is not
required to perform load balancing; it only provides auxiliary information
to an application.
| Method String: | RCB |
| Parameters: | |
| RCB_OVERALLOC | The amount by which to over-allocate temporary storage arrays
for objects
within the RCB algorithm when additional storage is due to changes in
processor
assignments. 1.0 = no extra storage allocated; 1.5 = 50% extra storage; etc. |
| RCB_REUSE | Flag to indicate whether to use previous cuts as initial
guesses for
the current RCB invocation. 0 = don't use previous cuts; 1 = use previous cuts. |
| RCB_OUTPUT_LEVEL | Flag controlling the amount of timing and diagnostic output
the routine
produces. 0 = no output; 1 = print summary; 2 = print data for each processor. |
| CHECK_GEOM | Flag controlling the invocation of input and output error
checking. 0 = don't do checking; 1 = do checking. |
| KEEP_CUTS | Should information about the cuts determining the RCB
decomposition
be retained? It costs a bit of time to do so, but this information is
necessary
if application wants to add more objects to the decomposition via calls
to Zoltan_LB_Point_PP_Assign
or to Zoltan_LB_Box_PP_Assign.
0 = don't keep cuts; 1 = keep cuts. |
| AVERAGE_CUTS | When set to one, coordinates of RCB cutting planes are computed to be the
average of the coordinates of the closest object on each side of the cut.
Otherwise, coordinates of cutting planes may equal those of one of the
closest objects.
0 = don't average cuts; 1 = average cuts. |
| RCB_LOCK_DIRECTIONS | Flag that determines whether the order of the directions of
the cuts is kept
constant after they are determined the first time RCB is called. 0 = don't lock directions; 1 = lock directions. |
| RCB_SET_DIRECTIONS | If this flag is set, the order of cuts is changed so that all
of the cuts
in any direction are done as a group. The number of cuts in each
direction is
determined and then the value of the parameter is used to determine the
order
that those cuts are made in. When 1D and 2D problems are partitioned,
the
directions corresponding to unused dimensions are ignored. 0 = don't order cuts; 1 = xyz; 2 = xzy; 3 = yzx; 4 = yxz; 5 = zxy; 6 = zyx; |
| RCB_RECTILINEAR_BLOCKS | Flag controlling the shape of the resulting regions. If this
option is
specified, then when a cut is made, all of the dots located on the cut
are
moved to the same side of the cut. The resulting regions are then
rectilinear. When these dots are treated as a group, then the resulting
load balance may not be as good as when the group of dots is split by
the
cut. 0 = move dots individually; 1 = move dots in groups. |
| REDUCE_DIMENSIONS | When a 3 dimensional geometry is almost flat, it may make more sense to treat it as a 2 dimensional geometry when applying the RCB algorithm. In this case, a 2 dimensional RCB calculation is applied to a plane that corresponds with the geometry. (This results in cuts that, while still orthogonal, may no longer be axis aligned.) If this parameter is set to 1, a 3 dimensional geometry will be treated as 2 dimensional if it is very flat, or 1 dimensional if it is very thin. A 2 dimensional geometry will be treated as 1 dimensional if it is very thin. |
| DEGENERATE_RATIO | If the REDUCE_DIMENSIONS parameter is set, then this parameter determines when a geometry is considered to be degenerate. A bounding box which is oriented to the geometry is constructed, and the lengths of its sides are tested against a ratio of 1 : DEGENERATE_RATIO. | RCB_RECOMPUTE_BOX | Flag indicating whether the bounding box of set of parts is
recomputed at each level of recursion. By default, the longest direction
of the bounding box is cut during bisection. Recomputing the bounding
box at each level of recursion can produce more effective cut directions
for unusually shaped geometries; the computation does, however, take
additional time and communication, and may cause cut directions to
vary from one invocation of RCB to the next.
0 = don't recompute the bounding box; 1 = recompute the box. |
| OBJ_WEIGHTS_COMPARABLE |
In the multiconstraint case, are
the object weights comparable? Do they have the same units and is the
scaling meaningful? For example, if the jth weight corresponds to the
expected time in phase j (measured in seconds), set this parameter to
1. (0 = incomparable, 1 = comparable) |
| RCB_MULTICRITERIA_NORM |
Norm used in multicriteria
algorithm; this determines how to balance the different weight
constraints. Valid values are 1,2, and 3. Roughly, if the weights
correspond to different phases, then the value 1 (1-norm) tries to
minimize the total time (sum over all phases) while the value 3
(max-norm) attempts to minimize the worst imbalance in any phase. The
2-norm does something in between. Try a different value if you're
not happy with the balance. |
| RCB_MAX_ASPECT_RATIO |
Maximum allowed ratio between
the largest and smallest side of a subdomain. Must be > 1. |
| Default: | |
| RCB_OVERALLOC = 1.2 | |
| RCB_REUSE = 0 | |
| RCB_OUTPUT_LEVEL = 0 | |
| CHECK_GEOM = 1 | |
| KEEP_CUTS = 0 | |
| AVERAGE_CUTS = 0 | |
| RCB_LOCK_DIRECTIONS = 0 | |
| REDUCE_DIMENSIONS = 0 | |
| DEGENERATE_RATIO = 10 | |
| RCB_SET_DIRECTIONS = 0 | |
| RCB_RECTILINEAR_BLOCKS = 0 | |
| RCB_RECOMPUTE_BOX = 0 | |
| OBJ_WEIGHTS_COMPARABLE = 0 |
|
| RCB_MULTICRITERIA_NORM = 1 |
|
| RCB_MAX_ASPECT_RATIO = 10 |
|
| Required Query Functions: | |
| ZOLTAN_NUM_OBJ_FN | |
| ZOLTAN_OBJ_LIST_FN | |
| ZOLTAN_NUM_GEOM_FN | |
| ZOLTAN_GEOM_MULTI_FN or ZOLTAN_GEOM_FN |
| C: |
int Zoltan_RCB_Box (
struct Zoltan_Struct * zz, int part, int *ndim, double *xmin, double *ymin, double *zmin, double *xmax, double *ymax, double *zmax); |
| FORTRAN: | FUNCTION Zoltan_RCB_Box(zz, part,ndim, xmin, ymin, zmin,
xmax, ymax, zmax)
INTEGER(Zoltan_INT) :: Zoltan_RCB_Box TYPE(Zoltan_Struct), INTENT(IN) :: zz INTEGER(Zoltan_INT), INTENT(IN) :: part INTEGER(Zoltan_INT), INTENT(OUT) :: ndim REAL(Zoltan_DOUBLE), INTENT(OUT) :: xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax |
| Arguments: | |
| zz | Pointer to the Zoltan structure created by Zoltan_Create. |
| part | Part number of part for which the bounding box should be returned. |
| ndim | Upon return, the number of dimensions in the partitioned geometry. |
| xmin, ymin, zmin | Upon return, the coordinates of the lower extent of bounding box for the part. If the geometry is two-dimensional, zmin is -DBL_MAX. If the geometry is one-dimensional, ymin is -DBL_MAX. |
| xmax, ymax, zmax | Upon return, the coordinates of the upper extent of bounding box for the part. If the geometry is two-dimensional, zmax is DBL_MAX. If the geometry is one-dimensional, ymax is DBL_MAX. |
| Returned Value: | |
| int | Error code. |


16 July 2018
The timebox and habits techniques I found interesting were the pomodoro technique, Fogg method and the 'counterintuitive' ways to be productive list.
I have been using the pomodoro technique and found that helped me focus on the completion of specific tasks.
I would like to create an action plan on how I can incorporate the pomodoro technique, Fogg method and counterintuitive ways into how I manage catching up ahead of bootcamp.


Reviewed by Alex Ioshpe
DIRECTED BY:Peter Hyams WRITTEN BY: Andrew W. Marlowe CAST: Arnold Schwarzenegger Gabriel Byrne Robin Tunney Kevin Pollak CCH Pounder Derrick O'Connor Rod Steiger Michael O'Hagan
MPAA: Rated R for intense violence and gore, a strong sex scene and language. Runtime: USA:121 / UK:121 / Netherlands:121 / Norway:123 / Sweden:122 / Finland:122 / Japan:122 Country: USA Language: English Color: Color (DeLuxe) Sound Mix: DTS / Dolby Digital / SDDS
RATING: 3/10
"Easely one of the worst films of the year.."
With the millenium just around the corner, Hollywood is playing with our insecurities concerning the biggest event of this century. This time it is Arnold Schwartzenegger against the powers of evil. The result is somewhat predictable. I didn't have high hopes about Arnold's "much anticipated" return to the big screen. Schwarzenegger fans will probably be pleased, action lovers won't be bored, and the Catholic League will be angry. Everyone else will see 'End of Days' for what it is: a deliciously bad motion picture. Think of it as Hollywood's own Y2K bug.
Did you know that if you turn the three diabolical numbers 666 you'll get 999, as in 1999? Yes, you better believe it..Satan is here on earth, working on his latest project -- the end of days. This time it is Gabriel Burne who gets the privilege to play Lucifer and, although not Al Pacino, he is fun to behold. He coolly strolls through Manhattan in the borrowed body of an investment banker, wreaking, as they say, havoc. The way it works is he smirks and something explodes. Before the stroke of the new millennium he's got to find and impregnate a certain woman in order to climb out from under a heavenly curse as spelled out in the Book of Revelations. Only Schwarzenegger's cop attached to an anti-terrorist unit can stop him.
Films like this has one serious weakness -- logic.  The incredible fact is that such directors never learn. After thousands of headless productions, this theme has become one big cliché. Here the Devil looks more like a sex addicted maniac that has just got out of a mental institution. He is walking around N.Y., blowing everything up and killing everyone that gets in a 5 meter radius. All he wants is the girl, that is somehow special. But Schwartzenegger is more clever than he looks, he has hidden her in a church, where Satan dare not enter. So the Evil One is forced to seduce the good cop in order to get the valuable information: "You can have your wife and daughter back..I can give you happiness that you can only dream of..Just give me the address.." Indeed with a script like that, you could make a wonderful parody, but unfortunately the director is taking this subject very seriously, attempting to create a provoking an dramatic thriller. And for you who have awaited Arnold Swartzenegger's comeback, will not be very satisfied. We've not seen him in a while. That's because he didn't have a worthy opponent. He has battled nuclear terrorists on Earth and power mad conspirators on Mars. He has taken on alien predators in the darkest reaches of the jungle and morphing cyberkillers that seemingly nothing can stop. So, after all those fights, what's left for Arnold Schwarzenegger? How about Satan? In my opinion, he has never quite overcome his first role as the deadly robot in Cameron's "Terminator". And that is Schwartzenegger's strength -- muscles and no emotions. Here he tries to achieve an artistic level, moving towards the Oscar. This is called "an adult turn" if successful and "a flop" if unsuccessful. Make a wild guess! His character has lost his wife and daughter and has serious drinking problems. This requires at least some acting skills. Regrettably, the only thing convincing about old Arnold is his muscles.
The rest of the cast are struggling with their so called characters. The movie is otherwise technically impressive, with a solid cinematography and fine lighting. But the movie doesn't serve neither as a serious thriller (because of its stupidity) nor as comic entertainment (because of its serious tone). The only real comic relief in this film is when Swartzenegger tries to cry. The action sequences are all recycled and the effects are everything but spectacular. So I really have a hard time recommending this film to somebody.  As for Schwarzenegger, he'll be back.
"END OF DAYS" & ALL RELATED MARKS & MEDIA ARE TM & © 1999 UNIVERSAL STUDIOS.    VISIT THE OFFICIAL SITE: http://www.end-of-days.com
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BZGREP
Section: User Commands (1)Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
bzgrep, bzfgrep, bzegrep - search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expressionSYNOPSIS
bzgrep [ grep_options ] [ -e ] pattern filename...bzegrep [ egrep_options ] [ -e ] pattern filename...
bzfgrep [ fgrep_options ] [ -e ] pattern filename...
DESCRIPTION
Bzgrep is used to invoke the grep on bzip2-compressed files. All options specified are passed directly to grep. If no file is specified, then the standard input is decompressed if necessary and fed to grep. Otherwise the given files are uncompressed if necessary and fed to grep.If bzgrep is invoked as bzegrep or bzfgrep then egrep or fgrep is used instead of grep. If the GREP environment variable is set, bzgrep uses it as the grep program to be invoked. For example:
for sh: GREP=fgrep bzgrep string files
for csh: (setenv GREP fgrep; bzgrep string files)
AUTHOR
Charles Levert (charles@comm.polymtl.ca). Adapted to bzip2 by Philippe Troin<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for Debian GNU/Linux.SEE ALSO
grep(1), egrep(1), fgrep(1), bzdiff(1), bzmore(1), bzless(1), bzip2(1)
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:02 GMT, December 24, 2015


FROM
FINLAND
OF
THE THOUSAND LAKES
LOST DAUGHTER OF THE
BALTIC SEA
Where the lovely lilies tremble,
Golden lilies on the waters;
Where the fir tree points its candles,
Points its slender spire towards Heaven;
And the streams make mighty music,
From the rocks in cascades foaming--
There dwells Finland's Baltic Wizard,
There he makes his Tales of Wonder.
Welds them on his Forge of Magic,
Beats them with his Magic Hammer.
They are wrought from Songs of Magic,
Songs of ancient Vainamoinen,
Finland's vanished sweet-tongued Wizard,
Wrought from Runes of Vainamoinen;
Till they live and leap and quiver,
Till they shout with songs and laughter,
Till they weep with tears of woman,
Till they stir the heart with pity.
So makes Finland's Baltic Wizard
All his Tales of Magic Wonder;
Beats them on his Forge of Magic,
Beats them with his Magic Hammer.


Miniscript
Transcript By: Bryan Bishop
Tags: Miniscript
Category: Conference
Miniscript
Pieter Wuille (sipa) (Blockstream)
https://twitter.com/kanzure/status/1091116834219151360
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQOfnsW6PTY&t=22540
Jeremy: Our next speaker really needs no introduction. However, I am obligated to deliver an introduction anyway. I’m not just trying to avoid pronouncing his name which is known to be unpronounceable. I am pleased to welcome Pieter Wuille to stage to present on miniscript.
Introduction
Thanks, Jeremy. I am Pieter Wuille. I work at Blockstream. I do various things. Today I will be talking about miniscript, which is a joint effort between myself and some colleagues at Blockstream particularly Andrew Poelstra.
What this talk is about
Before I start, I want to tell you what this is not about. I recently released a software library called minisketch which is completely unrelated to this. I hope people were not expecting me to talk about minisketch. This is also not about any future soft-forks or research into improvements for bitcoin consensus layer. This is all about stuff avaliable and ready today, and it’s very practical focused.
Overview
I’ll talk about the problem, and show you this is a problem space of contracts and scripting that has been overlooked. Then I will design a policy language for describing things in bitcoin scripts, mapping it to bitcoin script and describing how to spend it, and then concluding with some future work.
Introduction to Bitcoin script
At the very high level, bitcoin script is a forth-like stack based language, it has no loops, it is not turing complete and this is by design. It is untyped. Bitcoin has unspent transaction outputs, it’s a UTXO model. Every coin is associated with a script. That script defines the conditions under which that output can be spent, and they are always spent in their entirety. Really the ability to spend an output in bitcoin is finding an input that makes this particular script in this scripting language evaluate to true. That’s it. When you can do so, you can spend the output.
Unfortunately this language is pretty hard to reason about and use, despite being around since bitcoin’s creation 10 years ago. There’s really not all that many interesting scripts being used. I’ll give some reasons for why that might be the case.
When thinking about script, we want something that is of course correct, that it is size efficient because size efficiency translates directly to low cost on chain, and we also want to avoid malleability. Despite having upgraded to segwit a while ago which removes most of the concerns around malleability, there’s a few reasons still why you may want to avoid malleability still.
Example policies
A simple example is that a specific public key must sign off. This is what most addresses in bitcoin encode. It’s not the only possibility, though. There’s also escrow like multisig or 2-of-3 thresholds where you put coins into escrow under condition that a third-party escrow agent says that whenever 2-of-3 agree then the money is released. The sender sends the money to the 2-of-3 threshold policy or script encoding the policy of 2-of-3 required and then the escrow can agree to which of the two it goes. The escrow on its own cannot itself run away with the money by itself.
There are other possible conditions, like 2-of-3, where after some time you have a timeout built into the script. A common script used in other constructions are HTLCs where you have two keys and a hash preimage is revealed allowing a spend, or after some time just some key can spend.
Really, this seems to be what bitcoin script can do. It is boolean operations over keys, times and hashes. The language seems a bit overcomplicated for actually just being able to do this.
Composability of policies
In particular, something that I want to focus on in this talk is composability. Say you have the example of a company wants to store its funds in a 3-of-4 multisig construction where a number of employees or directors of the company need to sign off for spending. But one of the participants already has a fancy hardware setup construction that has a timelock built in, maybe a multisig of its own with a cold storage key. Why can’t that setup as a whole, be one of the participants of those 4 members? This seems like a very natural thing you would want to do. If I am confident about protecting my own funds, then why should I be forced to stick to a small number of pre-defined policies?
The goal of what I am trying to achieve here is take any policy and within that policy be able to replace any key with another policy. So this is composability. This itself is an interesting goal. Practically speaking, the hardest part is how do you let software and hardware which are designed for different policies actually interact and accomplish this composability goal?
I want to point out a tool called Ivy. I think the author had a talk earlier today here. Tools like Ivy do help you construct more complicated scripts already, but I don’t think they really give you a solution for the composability problem. When we’re talking about this, you may think well really designing a new script that only happens very rarely when someone designs a new protocol or a new application on top of bitcoin and so on. But if we want composability, then this is no longer the case anymore and maybe it’s something you need to do on a continuous basis.
Designing a policy language
I will start by designing a policy language to just describe the kinds of things I am talking about here. In bitcoin, the primitives are that you can spend with a public key which I will write as pk(KEY). Then there’s multi(k,key1,key2,…). Then there’s time(T) or hash(H) where the hash preimage needs to be revealed.
I’ll use a thresholdconstruction where the arguments aren’t keys anymore, but they are subexpressions. I have three specializations. One of this is just and(expression1, expression2) which is 2-of-2, and then two versions of or. The reason for this is that the second one (asymmetric or) is the asymmetric or whose goal is to express that the first subexpression is much more likely to be expressed than the second. I’ll talk more about the probability model and how this lets you do actual optimization for minimizing the cost under certain circumstances.
I want to point out that nowhere here am I talking about witnesses. There are no signatures in this language. The preimage never appears. It is not really something that computes anything. It is really a combinator language for designing conditions, and that’s all. This lets us choose the most efficient way of expressing how things need to be spent at a later stage.
Examples of policy language
Here are some examples of what we can do with that. Here’s one with pk(key). I am not going to write everything out in hex. But in the real language, every time you see a letter on this slide, you will have to provide a key. Another example is escrow: multi(2,A,B,C). Another example is a vault which can be written as aor(and(pk(A),time(T)),pk(B)). HTLC can be written as aor(and(pk(A),time(T)),and(pk(B),hash(H))).
A 2-of-3 within 3-of-4 can be written as thres(3,pk(A),pk(B),pk(C),multi(2,D,E,F)).
I think this covers most of the expressions that is possible. But hash collisions are something I can’t represent in this language.
Output descriptors?
If you are at all familiar with recent work in Bitcoin Core about output descriptors, you may see some similarity. This is justified because I plan to treat this as an extension to the descriptor language in Bitcoin Core for expressing all knowledge about how to spend a particular outputs.
Mapping to bitcoin script
So how are we going to map this to bitcoin script? The basic construction is pretty simple. You treat every subexpression as part of the script sequence of opcodes that expect its inputs, so its signature or whatever is expected from the top of stack and replaces it with a 0 or 1 at the top of the stack.
- pk(A) turns into
<A> CHECKSIG
. - multi(2,A,B,C) turns into
2 <A> <B> <C> 3 CHECKMULTISIG
. - and(X,Y) turns into
<X> TAS <Y> FAS BOOLAND
. - or(X,Y) turns into
<X> TAS <Y> FAS BOOLOR
. - thres(2,X,Y,Z) turns into
<X> TAS <Y> FAS ADD TAS <Z> FAS ADD 2 EQ
.
TAS stands for “to alt stack” and FAS stands for “from alt stack”. During execution, you have access to two stacks but the only operation you can do is move something from one stack to the other. So you have an alternate stack and the stack.
Optimizations
What if I were to want a 2-of-3 multisig for a number of keys, but then also require a 4th key D to always sign? Following the naive execution scheme I had before, this would turn into a rather long script. If you have looked at the semantic of script at all, this is really unnecessarily long. The way we went about improving this is by realizing that we could convert these subexpressions using different “calling conventions”. In what way does it expect inputs on the stack and how does it return?
The original one which takes its input from the top of the stack and puts a 0 or 1 instead, is what I call the “E” calling convention. Another one that I am introducing is “W” which stands for wrapped. This is a version of converting to script where you expect the inputs to one below the stack. You expect something and the top of the stack you leave untouched. For almost all constructions we have, the wrapped version is the same as the other version but it has two …. It accomplishes that goal, but for a single checksig with a single key this is overkill and we don’t need to move to the alt stack, we can just swap the two inputs because we know you are only going to consume one.
Doing this for every construction in the policy language, we now have two versions an E version and a W version and the argument to threshold for example invoke the wrapped version instead.
Another improvement we can make is realizing that the overall script at the top must always succeed. This is by definition, because it will only run when you actually satisfy it. When you have something that always succeeds, we can find more efficient versions of that code.
The “C” calling convention always aborts or succeeds. If you for example have an AND at the top of your policy, you can really just compile the first argument as a V version and the second version as if it was at the top again. This again lets you make more optimizations. The result here is something significantly shorter.
Different ways of compiling or() and aor()
Remember I told you the policy language does not describe the actual encoding of the witnesses. What you put on the stack we can decide later. There are a whole lot of ways you can write an or() statement. The one I showed you before was a parallel OR where you run both and then do a boolean combination. But this has the downside that you have to provide inputs to both, even knowing that only one of the two will succeed.
There’s an alternative called the cascade OR. You run A, and if it returns true then it returns 1 and else you run B. This means you no longer need to provide inputs for B if A is going to succeed.
There’s also switching, where you can introduce an extra argument (an extra witness) that tells you whether A or B is the one that is going to succeed and then you can only provide one and be fine.
You can go further with conditional switching where you say if the whole expression will succeed and if it’s not going to then I am not going to give you the inputs anyway.
I am trying to avoid malleability. The problem is that if you look at the switching OR, there’s really two ways of making it not succeed. I can tell you A is the one that is going ot not succeed and then give you an input that does not satisfy A, or I can tell you B and then give an input that does not satisfy B. This leads to malleability because it’s presumed to be easy to find inputs that don’t satisfy certain conditions. In order to solve that, we need to introduce yet another calling convention, which puts 1 on the stack but under no circumstances can produce a 0.
Yet another step is what if you have a if-then-else with a CHECKSIG operator in both of the branches? It would be nice if we could move the CHECKSIG out. In order to deal with that, there’s yet another calling condition where instead of immediately evaluating CHECKSIG, we leave a public key on the stack with which we expect a signature to happen. Through that convention, we can optimize here and there a few extra opcodes.
The reason why these things matter is because different scripts have different tradeoffs between satisfaction and how big non-satisfaction is and how big the script is. Sometime syou can find longer scripts that need less inputs, and so on. Depending on the probabilities of something getting executed at all or the probability of success, you might want to pick a different script.
Miniscript
If we look at all of those things, we end up with 6 calling conventions for all of the policies we came up with. We came up with 58 combinations of semantics and calling conventions, including 14 ways of expressing an OR. We pruned many. The result is a subset of script we call Miniscript.
It seems reasonable efficient. In particular, we did find slightly better scripts using it than a hand-written one that we were using in Blockstream Liquid. I don’t know if we have adopted it yet.
There’s a few limitations. Due to our composability construction, certain opcodes are really not usalbe. In particular, DEPTH, which tells you how big the stack is. Clearly its semantics change too dramatically when you compose things. It’s possible that more efficient scripts exist that use DEPTH, but we wont find them. Also, we have no efficient way of doing CSE (common subexpression elimination).
We also found an efficient algorithm to find the most efficient miniscript given a particular policy. It is the exponential in the number of nested ORs. In practice, that’s pretty usable.
Demo
http://bitcoin.sipa.be/miniscript/miniscript.html
We also have a rust implementation. While writing this compiler, we ran a competition between Andrew Poelstra and myself. We tried to figure out who can come up with the more efficient one. In the end, we found that we had significant flaws in our constructions and it eventually converged, so that’s good.
Spending in practice
So far I have only really addressed dealing with constructing a script that is a composition of certain policies. But my original goal was more ambitious: how can we make different tools designed for different policies to interact? To explain that, I am going to start with talking about Andrew Chow’s bip174 partially-signed bitcoin transactions. It’s a key-value format with metadata with all the information you need to figure out how to sign the transaction and if necessary if it’s a p2sh output it will tell you the reedemScript, you can encode bip32 HD paths that keys are derived from so that a hardware wallet can derive them on the fly, etc.
There are 6 different roles associated with PSBT implementations. There’s a creator that creates transaction templates, an updater that fills in information, signers that have access to private keys and can produce signatures, a combiner that combines them, a finalizer and extractor that produces a complete transaction. In practice, many of these roles happen simultaneously.
In the typical PSBT workflow, it’s really only the updater and the finalizer that need to understand anything about the input scripts. This is somewhat surprising. It does make sense because when signing you generally care about where the money goes not whether it was already yours. Worst case, it’s not yours and your signature would be invalid.
An obvious way of thinking about it is, well, we have a nice annotated policy form. So we could store it in the policy record in PSBT, and then others could actually sign. Actually this doesn’t seem to be necessary, because not only is our policy language composable, but the subset of script is also composable. What this means is that you can actually, there’s a very simple parser that you can write that given a script it will tell you the policy again. This means that we really don’t even need to add any metadata to a PSBT to enable integration with it. This is somewhat of an artificial restriction, we could very much propose an extension for that, but overall it doesn’t seem like we would gain that much by using a non-parseable or non-easily parseable script instead.
Interaction
How do we imagine interaction to work? Scripts can be easily parsed back into an annotated policy, from which you can figure out which subsets of keys can sign. You can figure out what the policy does, and you can verify a policy ius a composition of a desired policy with another, and the composition is always sound. You can assemble a fully signed transaction from the signatures.
The origin of this is from a discussion on signer logic for the rust-bitcoin library. We were wondering what to do for signing, and someone was very much against a template-based signing where you say these are the few types of scripts we support and only these are the ones that are supported. So we went on this roundabout way to design this thing and in the end we decided that really the language to describe the structure of a script can be the script itself as long as it is within this subset that we call Miniscript.
Conclusion
I want to conclude by saying bitcoin script is mostly useful for simple policies but there’s a lot more possible than what it is being used for. This is partly because it’s hard to make things interact well. This sort of interaction could over time mean letting things like lightning client and a multisig client trivially interact without needing to read through all the protocol work. I’m not an expert on those details here.
We can define a subset of script which can be generically signed for, can be constructed easily, and can be analyzed easily, and as long as we don’t have common subexpressions it’s reasonably efficient for many use cases.
Future work
In the future, we need to open-source our implementations of the compiler and the parser. Right now the javascript compiler in the demo is not what you want to look at. Also, we want to integrate generic signer in common wallet software so we can immediately support PSBT or others. It could mean that I have a hardware wallet not even designed for these things but it will probably not give you a useful address in what is going on but at least some of them will likely support this without needing to know. And there are further optimizations that could be used to improve this. We used a relatively exhaustive approach to find all constructions but there’s a whole bunch of things possible in script that we’re not using.
We can use lessons learned here for future improvements… only if there was an OP_ROLL_BACKWARD that rolls in the other direction, you could precompute a value that would be used multiple times and just re-insert into the stack. This is the only time that I will be working other ongoing work like future improvements to bitcoin scripting like taproot and MAST, which can both directly reuse the policy language. The annotations will be different, but this should make upgradeability easier as well. You can write the policy now, and in the future it will be translated differently in a future script version.
Thank you.
Q&A
Jeremy: Thank you very much. We have time for questions.
Q: Why not call the subset of script, subscript instead of miniscript?
A: I am I think notoriously bad at naming things. Originally I wanted to call it descript because it’s script with something removed from it, and it interacted with our work on descriptors and people found it too confusing.
Q: Since you can’t reuse witness arguments in different expressions, you can’t do p2pkh in this?
A: Yes.
Q: If you were to extend this, I think you could add … things that would make it easier to reuse arguments. Is there a way to do that while still preserving composability?
A: I would like to hear your opinions on this. In particular, about pubkeyhashes. In an earlier implementation, we had a pubkeyhash construction but if you think about it as expressing policies… the policy that a pubkeyhash implements is the same as the one, you do a hash at the top but there’s really no reason why you would want a hash inside. Reusing witness things… we do have, say the wrapped W version of the hashlock. We found that actually the most efficient and really the only way you would want to do it if you also want to include a guarantee that the maximum size of the preimage is 32 bytes otherwise you might not be compatible across chains, then this is something that just takes a single argument whose size 0 refers to nonsatisfaction. So, there is a limited reasoning on reusing arguments in various places but they are all encapsulated within a particular combination of… I’m sure this can be improved.


Probably the most common use of expression data in Cytoscape is to set the visual attributes of the nodes in a network according to expression data. This creates a powerful visualization, portraying functional relation and experimental response at the same time. Here, we will walk through the steps for doing this.
When the network first opens, the entire network is not visible because of the default zoom factor used. To see the whole network, we can use the View → Fit Content function.
Label the Nodes
Open the Style interface by selecting its tab in the Control Panel (the leftmost panel). We are going to use the COMMON name attribute to give the nodes useful names:
Zoom in on the network so that node labels are visible.
Click the second column (Map.) of the Node Label row in the Style panel. This should produce a drop-down panel with Column and Mapping Type.
Change the Column to COMMON by clicking on the field to the right of the Column label. This should bring up a list of columns. Select COMMON.
Verify that the node labels on the network have changed to their common names.
By default, the Mapping Type is Passthrough Mapping, which is what we want to use. Other options are Discrete Mapping and Continuous Mapping.
Color the Nodes
Click on the middle square (Map.) next to the Fill Color row in the Style panel.
Click the -- select value -- cell in the Column section.
In the drop-down menu of available column names, select gal80Rexp.
Click the -- select value-- cell in the Mapping Type section.
In the drop-down menu of available mapping types, select Continuous Mapping.
This produces a default gradient ranging from blue to red for expression values. Notice that the nodes in the network change color. Double-click on the color gradient to change the colors.
We are going to choose a different pre-formatted color scheme. In the Continuous Mapping Editor, click the button next to Current Palette in the upper left.
Color the Nodes
Select the first palette listed under the ColorBrewer tab and click OK to continue. You will see a warning that the color settings are about to change, click Yes to continue.
The pre-defined palettes come from published recommendations for choosing colors in scientific and cartographic applications, for example BrewerColors.
The network should now look like this:
Set the Default Node Color
Note that the default node color of pale blue is close to the color range in the selected palette. A useful trick is to choose a color outside this spectrum to distinguish nodes with no defined expression value and those with slight repression.
Click the Def. (leftmost) square next to Fill Color and choose a light gray color.
Zoom out on the network view to verify that a few nodes have been colored gray.
Set the Node Shape
We imported both expression measurement values and corresponding significance values. We can use the significance values to change the shape of the nodes so that measurements we have confidence in appear as squares while potentially bad measurements appear as circles.
Click the Map. cell next to the Shape row in the Style panel.
Click the -- select value -- cell next to Column.
In the drop-down menu of available column names, select gal80Rsig.
Click the -- select value -- cell next to Mapping Type.
In the drop-down menu of available mapping types, select Continuous Mapping.
This will create an empty icon in the Current Mapping row of the Shape section. Double-click on this icon.
This action will pop-up a continuous shape selection dialog.
Set the Node Shape
Click the Add button. This splits the range of values with a slider down the middle with a node shape icon to either side.
Double-click on either of the sides. This will pop-up a node shape selection dialog.
In the node shape selection dialog, choose the Rectangle shape and click the Apply button.
Click the black triangle and move the slider to the left, to slightly lower that 0.05, our threshold for significance.
Close the continuous shape selection dialog and verify that some nodes now have a square shape.
Using Charts
In addition to coloring the nodes, Cytoscape also provides the ability to draw charts and graphs on each node. For example, suppose we wanted to display a bar chart showing all of the expression values on each of our nodes?
To reset things a little, remove the mapping for Fill Color by right-clicking over the Fill Color row and selecting Edit → Remove Mappings from Selected Visual Properties.
Now change the default value to a lighter shade of grey so we can see our chart.
In the list of Node Visual Properties, locate the property called Image/Chart 1. Note: If this property is not listed,
select Properties drop-down at the top of the list and choose Paint → Custom Paint 1 → Image/Chart 1.
Using Charts
Select the Def. (leftmost) cell in the Image/Chart 1 row to bring up the Graphics dialog.
Select the Charts tab.
Move the three columns containing the expression data (gal1RGexp, gal4RGexp, gal80Rexp) from Available Columns: to Selected Columns: by selecting the rows and clicking the right arrow. This indicates that we're going to use the data from these three columns to create our chart.
Now select Heat Strips for the type of bar chart.
Using Charts
Click on Options if you want to add labels to the graphs, change the default coloring, etc.


If you deployed this in a Kubernetes compatible cluster using Eclipse JKube
(mvn package k8s:build k8s:resource k8s:apply
) you'll be able to see all of the JKube
processed fragments.
If you are running this application in your local environment (mvn quarkus:dev
)
you'll only be able to see the first fragment and a few errors indicating that some files are
not available.


Simple Bartender
Manager Name:
Location Name:
City:
Street Name:
Zipcode:
Create Beverage
Beverage Name
Beverage Cost
Create Beverage
Beverage List
Transactions
Total Made: $0


Introduction to The Xi Project¶
The Xi project is a trial in the application of “Deep Learning”, and a number of other of-the-wall ideas, to interactive (formal, logical) proof.
The set of innovative ideas which might be addressed include:
- Deep Learning
- A new language/logic
- Proof by contextual rewriting (as a proof style or paradigm)
- Distributed/Pluralistic/Assurance-tagged proof (some ideas I previously considered under the heading X-Logic)
- Possible use of blockchain technologies to achieve distributed trust.
Of course this is too many, but it is just an exploration, and I will be doing a lot of mix and match. So, for example, I may well do some work with parts of existing proof systems (probably ProoPower), using say the logical Kernal as a core for working with the HOL logic, and trying to fit the deep learning around it.
Also, the two last items in the list are language-agnostic so I will be looking for approaches which could be made to work with either a new logic in a new tool, or existing logics in existing tools.
To give maximum scope for adaptation of interative proof to the exploitation of “deep learning” the project uses a new ITP (Interactive Theorem Prover) system, which implement a new language and logic in novel ways. The name Xi is used for the project, the language and logic, and for the interactive theorem prover. Because this logical system is speculative and will probably prove to be either inconsistent or unusable, I am thinking of doing a better established logic as well, HOL (Higher Order Logic), so I will be working on two interactive proof tools, hopefully sharing a lot of code.
In describing the new logical system and its proof support I may contrast it with HOL and its proof tools, so it will be easier to understand what I am saying if you have previous exposure to interactive proof in HOL.
The main aim is to try out the application of deep learning to ITP, so the other new things I am thinking of doing with this project are secondary, and any of them that seems to be getting in the way of the deep learning I may decide to drop (including the Xi logic). There’s no particular reason why any of them should get in the way, but any of them might prove to be more difficult than I imagine and in that way might get in the way of my primary purposes, in which case it may get dropped.
The rest of the introduction falls into three parts. First a sketch of the generic aspects of the project, those features which the proof tools share, and then one part each for the specifics of the two logical systems.
The HOL Logic and its proof tool¶
The Xi Logic and its proof tool¶
The abstract language and logic Xi
This is an un-typed illative lambda calculus, intended for use with varied concrete syntax and in that way providing linguistic pluralism by semantic embedding.
The most elementary concrete syntax is a functional sublanguage of Python.
The logic will be a Hilbert style deductive system.
The deductive system is based on contextual rewriting. This means that any subterm can be rewritten using equations derived in the process of descending through the term to that subterm. The entire context (i.e. in HOL terms, a complete theory hierarchy) in which a term is placed, is available for rewriting in that way.
Though this may appear to the user as if he were doing a “backward” or goal oriented proof, this is achieved entirely through forward inference by contextual rewriting. Thus, a proof of some conjecture A is obtained by rewriting the theorem T to A ⇒ A then rewriting the left hand A to T, and finally rewriting T ⇒ A to A.
The flavour is therefore that of proving a conjecture by evaluating it and showing that its value is T, and this is further supported by allowing effectively computable functions to be compiled and for the execution of this compiled code to contribute to the proof (or evaluation) of conjectures directly or indirectly involving that function.
The implementation paradigm will be derived from the LCF paradigm. Not sure how much of that paradigm will remain after the changes I have in mind.


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Click
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The Timestamp class represents a moment or interval in time. More...
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| class | Timestamp |
| Represents a moment or interval in time. More... | |
| union | Timestamp::rep_t |
| Type of a Timestamp representation. More... | |
| class | TimestampArg |
| Parser class for timestamps. More... | |
Functions | |
| Timestamp | operator+ (Timestamp a, const Timestamp &b) |
| Add the two operands and return the result. More... | |
| bool | operator< (const Timestamp &a, int b) |
| bool | operator<= (const Timestamp &a, int b) |
| bool | operator>= (const Timestamp &a, int b) |
| bool | operator> (const Timestamp &a, int b) |
| Timestamp & | operator+= (Timestamp &a, const Timestamp &b) |
| Add b to a. More... | |
| Timestamp & | operator-= (Timestamp &a, const Timestamp &b) |
| Subtract b from a. More... | |
| Timestamp | operator- (Timestamp a, const Timestamp &b) |
| Subtract b from a and return the result. More... | |
| Timestamp | operator- (const Timestamp &a) |
| Negate a and return the result. More... | |
| Timestamp | operator* (const Timestamp &a, double b) |
| Scale a by a factor of b and return the result. More... | |
| Timestamp | operator* (const Timestamp &a, int b) |
| Timestamp | operator* (const Timestamp &a, unsigned b) |
| Timestamp | operator* (double a, const Timestamp &b) |
| Timestamp | operator* (int a, const Timestamp &b) |
| Timestamp | operator* (unsigned a, const Timestamp &b) |
| Timestamp | operator/ (const Timestamp &a, double b) |
| Scale a down by a factor of b and return the result. More... | |
| Timestamp | operator/ (const Timestamp &a, int b) |
| Timestamp | operator/ (const Timestamp &a, unsigned b) |
| double | operator/ (const Timestamp &a, const Timestamp &b) |
| Divide a by b and return the result. More... | |
| StringAccum & | operator<< (StringAccum &, const Timestamp &) |
| bool | cp_time (const String &str, Timestamp *result, bool allow_negative) |
| Parse a timestamp from str. More... | |
Variables | |
| const ArgContext | blank_args |
The Timestamp class represents a moment or interval in time.
Add the two operands and return the result.
|
inline |
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
|
inline |
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
|
inline |
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
|
inline |
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
Add b to a.
Returns the result (the new value of a).
Subtract b from a.
Returns the result (the new value of a).
Subtract b from a and return the result.
Scale a by a factor of b and return the result.
Scale a down by a factor of b and return the result.
Divide a by b and return the result.
Parse a timestamp from str.
| str | string | |
| [out] | result | stores parsed result |
| allow_negative | allow negative timestamps if true |
Parses a timestamp from str. Timestamps are expressed as fractional amounts of seconds, usually measured in Unix time, such as "1189383079.180265331"
. The input format accepts the unit suffixes described at cp_seconds_as. If the string fully parses, then the resulting value is stored in *result and the function returns true. Otherwise, *result remains unchanged and the function returns false.
If a number is too large for result, then the maximum possible value is stored in result and the cp_errno variable is set to CPE_OVERFLOW; otherwise, cp_errno is set to CPE_FORMAT (unparsable) or CPE_OK (if all was well).
An overloaded version of this function is available for struct timeval result values.


Home
About
{% block content %}
New York City Guide
Wondering about fun activities to do in the big city?
Check out this directory of activities in each borough!
{% for borough in boroughs %}
{{ borough|title }}
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}


Change the background color when hovering over an element:
Good friends, good books, and a sleepy conscience: this is the ideal life.
Change the text color when hovering over an element:
There are three signs of a knowledgeable person: knowledge, forbearance and silence.


General
VIM is a highly configurable text editor built to enable efficient text editing.
Useful Commands that I don’t use often
- :Sex : File navigator
- CTRL + v : visual block mode
- Ex . : File navigator
- reg : Show contents of the register
Navigation:
- CTRL + b
- CTRL + f
- CTRL + u
- CTRL + d


Home
API
About
Select Index
select the desired index
Calulate Index
Index 1
Index 2
Index 3
select the desired room
Room
Room 1
Room 2
Room 3
Index
34
Some Disconfort
(here i will display a gauge instead of the image)


Whether you want to bring in fresh talent or take a current employee to new heights, why not try apprenticeships? There’s plenty of funding and support available from the government, helping you to boost the skills your organisation needs.
To get you started, here are some of the key things you need to know about apprenticeships. Delve into the different areas of the site to find out more about each topic.


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On 2 September 2018, 1 new articles were published in 1 journals.
Note: although this article was published on 14 August 2018, the publisher only added it to the journal RSS feed on 2 September 2018, which is why it is shown in the list of articles for that date.


If you want you responsive breakpoints to transition smoothly, here's what you do.
First, I want to point out that this technique is kind of just a pride thing. It's really for those who check if a site is responsive by dragging the browser window smaller and larger.
Drag your window smaller to see the transition


|
{{cat.name}}
{{cat.description}}
|
{{cat.description}} |
Priority : {{cat.Priority}}
WeightNeg : {{cat.weightNeg}} WeightPos : {{cat.weightPos}} |
Score : {{cat.score.score}}
Passed : {{cat.score.pass}} |
|
{{req.name}}
{{req.description}}
|
{{req.description}} |
Test-Bench : {{req.testBench}}
Metric Name : {{req.metricName}} Objective : {{req.objective}} Threshold : {{req.threshold}} Unit : {{req.unit}} |
Score : {{req.score.score}}
Passed : {{req.score.pass}} Type : {{req.score.type}} |


Welcome to my online portfolio! My name is Christopher Carlson, and I am currently an application administrator and developer for a fortune 500 company. I am currently pursuing a
Bachelor's Degree in Information Technology at Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois. I am passionate about web programming and business application development. My resume
and portfolio will be posted here soon. In my free time, I enjoy traveling and photography. You can view some of my photography by clicking the About the Author link above.
You can browse this site by clicking the navigation links above. Additional content will be posted soon! Feel free to connect with me through the contact information below.
Thank you,
Chris Carlson
Cell:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Email: ccarlson6@luc.edu


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One click Autoinstaller for PhpBB3, SMF, WordPress, Joomla, Drupal (with Clean URLs preenabled), Moodle.
under reconstruction
One click database backup Manage DB button (available after you create a database) >> then choose Backup DB or Import DB buttonsunder reconstruction Configure PHP You may choose between PHP v 5.4, v5.6, v7.1, v7.2 or v7.3 Reset Account useful if you want to delete all files/databases under your account. Fix Ownership some files are created with apache permissions (e.g. unpack an archive, php scripts) and you're not able to edit/delete them. This feature will fix permissions and you will be able to manipulate all files under your account. |
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Sign up @ http://www.1FreeCounter.com then just insert the code into your pages. |
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We have full support for mod_rewrite or dot files (.htaccess, .htpasswd). Attention!! A wrong .htaccess file can block your site and instead you will see a 500 internal server error.
With .htaccess you're able to set custom error pages.
ErrorDocument 404 /404.html 404.html - not found errors 403.html - forbidden errors
enable indexes using:
Options +Indexes
block sites using:
RewriteEngine on note the OR if you want to add block more than one domain.
block IPs or bad domains (apache 2.4):
in our example you block ip
Attention!! Use a very hard to guess password to prevent your account being hacked. Also, install only new and optimized scripts. Take care with full permissions 777!!! For security reasons, set permissions for script configuration file to 644. You will find a lot of useful information if you check our FAQ Section. For latest news follow us at TWITTER. Our service is ad free for small sites. To support us so we can offer a quality service, upgrade your account at http://www.freewebhostingarea.com/removeads.html. |
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{% extends 'layout-lab-3-pregnant.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Pregnancy - Labour and birth - NHS.UK {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {% from 'details/macro.njk' import details %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} Home Health A to Z Pregnancy Pregnancy Labour and birth The start of labour, plus what could happen during the birth and after. Preparing for birth Whether you're planning to have your baby at home, in hospital or at a midwifery unit, you should get a few things ready The start of labour Labour begins with the latent phase. This can take hours, or sometimes days The birth It's helpful for whoever is going to be with you during your labour to know about the different options, as well as how they can support you Premature babies Babies born this early need special care in a hospital with specialist facilities for premature babies Most visited in labour and birth Birth plan Pack your bags for labour What happens straight after the birth? Signs that labour has begun {% endblock %}
Pregnancy
The start of labour, plus what could happen during the birth and after.
Whether you're planning to have your baby at home, in hospital or at a midwifery unit, you should get a few things ready
Labour begins with the latent phase. This can take hours, or sometimes days
It's helpful for whoever is going to be with you during your labour to know about the different options, as well as how they can support you
Babies born this early need special care in a hospital with specialist facilities for premature babies


{% extends "bootstrap/layouts/base_navbar_responsive.html" %} {%- from "bootstrap/forms/macros.html" import render_field %} {%- from "upload/macros.html" import upload_css, upload_js, uploader, uploads with context %} {% block css_extra %} {{ upload_css() }} {% endblock %} {% block js_footer %} {{ upload_js() }} {% endblock %} {% block title %} {{ title }} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% if upload_form: %}


The Custom element Input widget provides suggestions while you type into the field. The suggestions in this sample are cities. The datasource is the geonames.org webservice. The city name ends up in the input after selecting an element, more info is displayed in the suggestions popup to help find the right entry..
Type: "be"


 Built with flexbox, they offer easy alignment and mix well with other CoreUI components. Cards have no top, left, and right margins by default, so use spacing utilities as needed. They have no fixed width to start, so they'll fill the full width of its parent.
Below is an example of a basic card with mixed content and a fixed width. Cards have no fixed width to start, so they'll naturally fill the full width of its parent element.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
The main block of a card is the <c-card-body>
. Use
it whenever you need a padded section within a card.
Card titles are managed by cCardTitle
directive for
<h*>
. Identically, links are attached and collected
next to each other by cCardLink
directive for
<a>
tag. Subtitles are handled by
cCardSubtitle
directive.
Store cCardTitle
and the cCardSubtitle
items
in a <c-card-body>
. The card title, and subtitle
are arranged properly.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card content.
Card link Another link
cCardImg="top"
places a picture to the top of the card.
With cCardText
, text can be added to the card. Text
within cCardText
can additionally be styled with the
regular HTML tags.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card content.
Create lists of content in a card with a flush list group.
Combine and match many content types to build the card you need, or throw everything in there. Shown below are image styles, blocks, text styles, and a list group—all wrapped in a fixed-width card.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card content.
Add an optional header and/or footer within a card.
Card headers can be styled by adding ex.
"h5"
.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
Cards assume no specific width
to start, so they'll
be 100% wide unless otherwise stated. You can adjust this as required
with custom CSS, grid classes, grid Sass mixins, or services.
Using the grid, wrap cards in columns and rows as needed.
Use some of available sizing utilities to rapidly set a card width.
Use custom CSS in your stylesheets or as inline styles to set a width.
You can instantly change the text arrangement of any card—in its whole or specific parts—with text align classes.
Add some navigation to a <c-card-header>
with our
<c-nav>
component.
Similar to headers and footers, cards can include top and bottom "image caps"—images at the top or bottom of a card.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
Last updated 3 mins ago
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
Last updated 3 mins ago
Cards include various options for customizing their backgrounds, borders, and color.
Use color
property to change the appearance of a card.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Use border utilities to change
just the border-color
of a card. Note that you can set
textColor
property on the <c-card>
or a subset of the
card's contents as shown below.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Use border utilities to change
just the border-color
of a card. Note that you can set
textColor
property on the <c-card>
or a subset of the
card's contents as shown below.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Use card groups to render cards as a single, attached element with equal width and
height columns. Card groups start off stacked and use display: flex;
to
become attached with uniform dimensions starting at the sm
breakpoint.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
Last updated 3 mins ago
This card has supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.
Last updated 3 mins ago
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This card has even longer content than the first to show that equal height action.
Last updated 3 mins ago
When using card groups with footers, their content will automatically line up.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This card has supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This card has even longer content than the first to show that equal height action.
Use the c-row
component and set xs|sm|md|lg|xl|xxl
property
to control how many grid columns (wrapped around your cards) you show per row. For
example xs="1"
laying out the cards on one column, and md="1"
splitting
four cards to equal width across multiple rows, from the medium breakpoint up.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
Change it to md="3"
and you'll see the fourth card wraps.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
This is a wider card with supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content. This content is a little bit longer.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.


Terraformer Core
Documentation Get Core
Tools and objects for working with and transforming GeoJSON.
The core Terraformer library provides a series of Terraformer.Primitives
which wrap GeoJSON objects for additional functionality and a series of Terraformer.Tools
for manipulating and performing calculations on coordinates.
You can also use the core library to see if an object contains or intersects another object, convert an object to a different spatial reference, or transform an object’s coordinates.
The core library is also used in most other components of Terraformer for performing basic tasks and calculations.
GeoStore
Documentation Get GeoStore
A lightweight API that allows you to store, index and query geographic data.
GeoStore is a lightweight API that allows you to store, index and query geographic data with a variety of indexes and persistence methods. Each GeoStore consists of…
A spatial index which is responsible for indexing and optimizing the geographic data in the store.
A data store which is responsible for persisting data, either holding it in memory or persisting it to a backend database.
Any number of secondary indexes which index properties associated with your geographic data.
ArcGIS Parser
Documentation Get ArcGIS Parser
Allows you to convert between Terraformer Primitives or GeoJSON and the ArcGIS Geometry Objects.
// parse ArcGIS JSON, convert it to a Terraformer.Primitive
var primitive = Terraformer.ArcGIS.parse({
x:"-122.6764",
y:"45.5165",
spatialReference: {
wkid: 4326
}
});
// take a Terraformer.Primitive or GeoJSON and convert it to ArcGIS JSON
var point = Terraformer.ArcGIS.convert({
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [45.5165, -122.6764]
});
Well Known Text Parser
Documentation Get WKT Parser
Well Known Text is a format used by databases like PostGIS. With Terraformer’s WKT parser you can convert between this format and GeoJSON.
// parse a WKT file, convert it into a primitive
var primitive = Terraformer.WKT.parse('LINESTRING (30 10, 10 30, 40 40)');
// take a primitive and convert it into a WKT representation
var polygon = Terraformer.WKT.convert({
"type": "Polygon",
"coordinates": [
[ [100.0, 0.0], [101.0, 0.0], [101.0, 1.0], [100.0, 1.0], [100.0, 0.0] ],
[ [100.2, 0.2], [100.8, 0.2], [100.8, 0.8], [100.2, 0.8], [100.2, 0.2] ]
]
});


A GBM is trained by setting the initial model prediction to the mean target value in the training set. The model then iteratively builds regression trees to predict the model’s pseudo-residuals on the training set to tighten the fit. The pseudo-residuals are the differences between the target value and the model’s prediction on the current training iteration for each sample. The model’s predictions are made by summing the mean target value and the products of the learning rate and the regression tree outputs. The full algorithm is shown here.
We provide technical indicator values as inputs to the GBM. The model is trained to predict the security’s return over the next 10 minutes and the performance of the model’s predictions are assessed using the mean squared error loss function.
\[ MSE = \frac{\Sigma_{i=1}^n(y_i - \hat{y}_i)^2}{n} \]Zhou et al (2013) utilize custom loss functions to fit their GBM in a manner that aims to maximize the profit-and-loss or Sharpe ratio over the training data set. The attached notebook shows training the GBM with these custom loss functions leads to poor model predictions.


Large organizations often have separate teams working with different parts of a large set of schemas. For instance, the full set of OTA schemas include groupings used for air travel, hotels, automobile rentals, cruises, and more. Different teams within a single company may be working with one or more of these groupings. It's often useful to let the teams working with particular portions of the schemas handle their own data models, while still using a common model for the shared portions (so that application code working with the shared portions will be compatible organization-wide, facilitating code reuse and making it easy to combine different projects, when necessary). This localized control of the data model is even more important when the organization is building schemas for data exchange, rather than just using supplied schemas.
CodeGen suports modular code generation to allow organizations flexibility in their use of schema-based data models. With modular code generation, you start by generating one or more self-contained schema subsets. The code and binding generated for each self-contained subset is a base module which can be compiled into class files and bound by the JiBX binding compiler. The bound class files can be kept as loose files, or more commonly assembled into a jar file.
You can then generate other modules extending those already generated, from schemas which build on the previously-generated schemas. The code in the extension modules reference the Java classes and data bindings generated for the base modules. Each separate module can again be compiled and bound by the JiBX binding compiler independently, only needing access to the binding definitions and bound classes (whether loose, or in a jar) of the appropriate base modules.
To demonstrate how modular generation works, this example splits the OTA schema subset used by all the CodeGen examples into two modules. The first module consists of common definitions used across the full range of OTA schemas, and is generated from the OTA_CommonPrefs.xsd, OTA_CommonTypes.xsd, and OTA_SimpleTypes.xsd schemas. The second module consists of the air travel-related definitions, generated from the OTA_AirCommonTypes.xsd, OTA_AirLowFareSearchRQ.xsd, OTA_AirLowFareSearchRS.xsd, and OTA_AirPreferences.xsd schemas.
Since the code generation is done in two parts there are two separate customizations used. Both customizations are based on the Example 3 customizations. Here's the custom3a.xml customization file, used for the first generation step (common definitions module):
<schema-set prefer-inline="true" package="org.ota.common" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" type-substitutions="xs:integer xs:int xs:decimal xs:float" binding-file-name="base-binding.xml"> <name-converter strip-prefixes="OTA_" strip-suffixes="Type AttributeGroup Group Attributes"/> <schema-type type-name="dateTime" java-class="org.joda.time.DateTime" serializer="org.jibx.runtime.JodaConvert.serializeUTCDateTime" deserializer="org.jibx.runtime.JodaConvert.deserializeUTCDateTime"/> <schema-type type-name="date" format-name="LocalDate.default"/> <schema-type type-name="time" format-name="LocalTime.local"/> <schema name="OTA_CommonTypes.xsd" excludes="ConnectionType"> <complexType name="SourceType"> <element path="**" name="Position" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="BookingChannel" ignore="true"/> </complexType> </schema> </schema-set>
This custom3a.xml customization only applies to the common definitions, so
the portions of the custom2.xml customization which apply to the air travel
schemas are removed. The custom2.xml file has an attribute generate-all="false"
on the root <schema-set> element, which has been removed from this customization.
This change is necessary so that CodeGen will actually generate all the components
necessary to represent the common definitions. Alternatively, if you knew you were only
going to be using some specified components from the common definitions you could keep the
generate-all="false"
attribute and just list the components to be generated,
as done for Example 3 (and as also done for the second generation step in this modular
approach).
The target package used for the generated classes is also different in this customization. The different package is necessary when using modular generation to prevent conflicts when running the JiBX binding compiler, but generally convenient in any case to make it easy to keep classes from different modules separate.
Finally, there's an added
binding-file-name="base-binding.xml"
attribute on the root <schema-set> element. This attribute gives a name to be used for
the generated root binding. It's not necessary to specify a name in this way when using
modular generation, but it does help clarify the use of the different generated bindings.
There's one quirk in generating the common definitions as a separate module. The OTA schemas are structured so that only the top-level message schemas (OTA_AirLowFareSearchRQ.xsd and OTA_AirLowFareSearchRS.xsd, in the subset of OTA schemas used for these examples) define a target namespace. All the other schemas function as what are called "chameleon schemas", meaning that they do not define a target namespace directly but instead assume a target namespace when they are included (directly or indirectly) into one of the message schemas.
To generate the common definitions in the OTA namespace another CodeGen parameter needs to be used. This is the "-u" parameter, which tells CodeGen to force a namespace for schemas which do not specify one. Here's the complete Ant target used for generating the common definitions:
<!-- modular generation of common types --> <target name="custgen3a" depends="check-runtime,clean"> <echo message="Running base code generation from schema"/> <delete quiet="true" dir="${basedir}/gen"/> <java classname="org.jibx.schema.codegen.CodeGen" fork="yes" classpathref="classpath" failonerror="true"> <arg value="-t"/> <arg value="${basedir}/gen/src"/> <arg value="-c"/> <arg value="${basedir}/custom3a.xml"/> <arg value="-u"/> <arg value="http://www.opentravel.org/OTA/2003/05"/> <arg value="otasubset/OTA_Common*.xsd"/> </java> </target>
The custom3b.xml customization file is used for the second generation step (air travel module):
<schema-set prefer-inline="true" generate-all="false" package="org.ota.air" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" type-substitutions="xs:integer xs:int xs:decimal xs:float"> <name-converter strip-prefixes="OTA_" strip-suffixes="Type AttributeGroup Group Attributes"/> <schema-type type-name="dateTime" java-class="org.joda.time.DateTime" serializer="org.jibx.runtime.JodaConvert.serializeUTCDateTime" deserializer="org.jibx.runtime.JodaConvert.deserializeUTCDateTime"/> <schema-type type-name="date" format-name="LocalDate.default"/> <schema-type type-name="time" format-name="LocalTime.local"/> <schema name="OTA_AirLowFareSearchRQ.xsd" includes="OTA_AirLowFareSearchRQ"> <element name="OTA_AirLowFareSearchRQ" class-name="LowFareSearchRequest"> <element path="**" name="AlternateLocationInfo" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="SpecificFlightInfo" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="ProcessingInfo" ignore="true"/> </element> </schema> <schema name="OTA_AirLowFareSearchRS.xsd" includes="OTA_AirLowFareSearchRS"> <element name="OTA_AirLowFareSearchRS" class-name="LowFareSearchResponse"/> </schema> <schema name="OTA_AirCommonTypes.xsd"> <complexType name="FareType"> <element path="**" name="Taxes" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="Fees" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="FareConstruction" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="UnstructuredFareCalc" ignore="true"/> </complexType> <complexType name="FareInfoType"> <element path="**" name="Date" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="FareInfo" ignore="true"/> </complexType> <complexType name="PricedItinerariesType"> <attribute path="**" name="OriginDestinationRefNumber" value-name="refNumber"/> </complexType> <complexType name="PricedItineraryType"> <element path="**" name="AirItinerary" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="AirItineraryPricingInfo" value-name="pricingInfo"/> <element path="**" name="Notes" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="TicketingInfo" ignore="true"/> </complexType> <complexType name="AirItineraryPricingInfoType"> <element path="**" name="PTC_FareBreakdowns" ignore="true"/> </complexType> <complexType name="TravelerInformationType"> <element path="**" name="AirTraveler" ignore="true"/> </complexType> <complexType name="TravelerInfoSummaryType"> <element path="**" name="PriceRequestInformation" ignore="true"/> </complexType> </schema> <schema name="OTA_AirPreferences.xsd"> <complexType name="AirSearchPrefsType"> <element path="**" name="VendorPref" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="FlightTypePref" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="EquipPref" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="CabinPref" ignore="true"/> <element path="**" name="TicketDistribPref" ignore="true"/> </complexType> </schema> </schema-set>
This is essentially identical to the custom2.xml file used for Example 3, differing only by missing the reference to the schemas in the common definitions.
CodeGen has to know about the existing modules in order to use them when generating an extension module. This is done by using the "-i" command line parameter to give the paths to the binding definitions for any existing modules. CodeGen will use the supplied binding definitions for any matching schema components, rather than generating new classes and bindings. Here's the complete Ant target used for generating the air travel extension module:
<target name="custgen3b" depends="check-runtime,check-base,clean-partial"> <echo message="Running extension code generation from schema"/> <java classname="org.jibx.schema.codegen.CodeGen" fork="yes" failonerror="true"> <classpath> <path refid="classpath"/> <pathelement location="${basedir}/base.jar"/> </classpath> <arg value="-t"/> <arg value="${basedir}/gen/src"/> <arg value="-i"/> <arg value="classpath:base-binding.xml"/> <arg value="-c"/> <arg value="${basedir}/custom3b.xml"/> <arg value="otasubset/OTA_AirLowFareSearch*.xsd"/> </java> </target>
First run the 'custgen3a' target and view the common definitions module code in the base/src directory, then run the 'buildbase' target to compile, bind, and jar the common definitions. Once that's done, you can run the 'custgen3b' target and view the air travel module code in the gen/src directory. To compile and bind the air travel module use the 'buildext' target. Finally, you can run the test program to roundtrip the sample documents with the 'runmodular' target. You can also just run the 'modular' target to perform all these steps in sequence.
The generated code is very similar in structure to that from the prior examples, so is not shown here. The main difference is that since all the common definitions were generated separately they're in unique classes and cannot be inlined at the point of use (though there are exceptions - by default, CodeGen always inlines attribute group or group definitions which only contain a single component).
Since all the common definitions are generated as separate classes (except trivial attribute groups and groups) the total number of classes is considerably higher than in the last example: 185 top-level classes and 67 inner classes, for a total of 252, in the common definitions module; plus 7 top-level classes and 26 inner classes, for a total of 33, in the air travel module. This increased number of classes from the last example represents a tradeoff for the convenience of a separate common definitions module.


A SIMPLE CALCULATOR MADE WITH
HTML
,
CSS,
AND JAVASCRIPT.
Click
here
to see a more functionable calculator.
By :
Zubair Ayubi


the HTML element representing the network container
network data
This function converts DOM coordinates to coordinates on the canvas. Input and output are in the form of {x:Number,y:Number} (IPosition interface). The DOM values are relative to the network container.
the DOM coordinates
the canvas coordinates
Go into addEdge mode. The explaination from addNodeMode applies here as well.
Go into addNode mode. Having edit mode or manipulation enabled is not required.
To get out of this mode, call disableEditMode(). The callback functions defined in handlerFunctions still apply. To use these methods without having the manipulation GUI, make sure you set enabled to false.
This function converts canvas coordinates to coordinates on the DOM. Input and output are in the form of {x:Number, y:Number} (IPosition interface). The DOM values are relative to the network container.
the canvas coordinates
the DOM coordinates
The joinCondition function is presented with all nodes.
This method looks at the provided node and makes a cluster of it and all it's connected nodes.
The behaviour can be customized by proving the options object. All options of this object are explained below. The joinCondition is only presented with the connected nodes.
the id of the node
This method checks all nodes in the network and those with a equal or higher amount of edges than specified with the hubsize qualify. If a hubsize is not defined, the hubsize will be determined as the average value plus two standard deviations. For all qualifying nodes, clusterByConnection is performed on each of them. The options object is described for clusterByConnection and does the same here.
This method will cluster all nodes with 1 edge with their respective connected node.
Delete selected. Having edit mode or manipulation enabled is not required.
Remove the network from the DOM and remove all Hammer bindings and references.
Programatically disable the edit mode. Similar effect to pressing the close icon (small cross in the corner of the toolbar).
Go into editEdge mode. The explaination from addNodeMode applies here as well.
Edit the selected node. The explaination from addNodeMode applies here as well.
Programatically enable the edit mode.
Similar effect to pressing the edit button.
Nodes can be in clusters. Clusters can also be in clusters. This function returns an array of nodeIds showing where the node is.
Example: cluster 'A' contains cluster 'B', cluster 'B' contains cluster 'C', cluster 'C' contains node 'fred'.
network.clustering.findNode('fred') will return ['A','B','C','fred'].
the node id.
an array of nodeIds showing where the node is
Zooms out so all nodes fit on the canvas.
You can focus on a node with this function. What that means is the view will lock onto that node, if it is moving, the view will also move accordingly. If the view is dragged by the user, the focus is broken. You can supply options to customize the effect.
When a clusteredEdgeId is available, this method will return the original baseEdgeId provided in data.edges ie. After clustering the 'SelectEdge' event is fired but provides only the clustered edge. This method can then be used to return the baseEdgeId.
Returns a bounding box for the node including label.
Similar to findNode in that it returns all the edge ids that were created from the provided edge during clustering.
the base edge id
an array of edgeIds
Returns an array of edgeIds of the edges connected to this node.
the node id
Returns an array of nodeIds of the all the nodes that are directly connected to this node. If you supply an edgeId, vis will first match the id to nodes. If no match is found, it will search in the edgelist and return an array: [fromId, toId].
a node or edge id
Returns a edgeId or undefined. The DOM positions are expected to be in pixels from the top left corner of the canvas.
Returns a nodeId or undefined. The DOM positions are expected to be in pixels from the top left corner of the canvas.
Returns an array of all nodeIds of the nodes that would be released if you open the cluster.
the id of the cluster node
If you use the configurator, you can call this method to get an options object that contains all differences from the default options caused by users interacting with the configurator.
Returns the x y positions in canvas space of the nodes with the supplied nodeIds as an object.
 When a String is supplied, the position of the node corresponding to the ID is returned. When nothing is supplied, the positions of all nodes are returned.
Returns the current scale of the network. 1.0 is comparible to 100%, 0 is zoomed out infinitely.
the current scale of the network
If you like the layout of your network and would like it to start in the same way next time, ask for the seed using this method and put it in the layout.randomSeed option.
the current seed of the network.
Returns an array of selected edge ids like so: [edgeId1, edgeId2, ..].
Returns an array of selected node ids like so: [nodeId1, nodeId2, ..].
Returns an object with selected nodes and edges ids.
Returns the current central focus point of the view in the form: { x: {Number}, y: {Number} }
the view position;
Returns true if the node whose ID has been supplied is a cluster.
the node id.
You can use this to programatically move a node. The supplied x and y positions have to be in canvas space!
the node that will be moved
new canvas space x position
new canvas space y position
You can animate or move the camera using the moveTo method.
Remove an event listener. The function you supply has to be the exact same as the one you used in the on function. If no function is supplied, all listeners will be removed.
the name of the event, f.e. 'click'
Set an event listener. Depending on the type of event you get different parameters for the callback function.
the name of the event, f.e. 'click'
the callback function that will be raised
Set an event listener only once. After it has taken place, the event listener will be removed. Depending on the type of event you get different parameters for the callback function.
the name of the event, f.e. 'click'
the callback function that will be raised once
Opens the cluster, releases the contained nodes and edges, removing the cluster node and cluster edges. The options object is optional and currently supports one option, releaseFunction, which is a function that can be used to manually position the nodes after the cluster is opened.
the node id
Redraw the network.
Programatically release the focussed node.
Selects the edges corresponding to the id's in the input array. This method unselects all other objects before selecting its own objects. Does not fire events.
Selects the nodes corresponding to the id's in the input array. If highlightEdges is true or undefined, the neighbouring edges will also be selected. This method unselects all other objects before selecting its own objects. Does not fire events.
Override all the data in the network. If stabilization is enabled in the physics module, the network will stabilize again. This method is also performed when first initializing the network.
network data
Set the options. All available options can be found in the modules above. Each module requires it's own container with the module name to contain its options.
network options
Sets the selection. You can also pass only nodes or edges in selection object.
Set the size of the canvas. This is automatically done on a window resize.
width in a common format, f.e. '100px'
height in a common format, f.e. '100px'
You can manually call stabilize at any time. All the stabilization options above are used. You can optionally supply the number of iterations it should do.
Start the physics simulation. This is normally done whenever needed and is only really useful if you stop the simulation yourself and wish to continue it afterwards.
This stops the physics simulation and triggers a stabilized event. Tt can be restarted by dragging a node, altering the dataset or calling startSimulation().
When using the vis.DataSet to load your nodes into the network,
this method will put the X and Y positions of all nodes into that dataset. If you're loading your nodes from a database and have this dynamically coupled with the DataSet, you can use this to stablize your network once, then save the positions in that database through the DataSet so the next time you load the nodes, stabilization will be near instantaneous.
If the nodes are still moving and you're using dynamic smooth edges (which is on by default), you can use the option stabilization.onlyDynamicEdges in the physics module to improve initialization time.
This method does not support clustering. At the moment it is not possible to cache positions when using clusters since they cannot be correctly initialized from just the positions.
Unselect all objects. Does not fire events.
Clustered Nodes when created are not contained in the original data.nodes passed on network creation. This method updates the cluster node.
Visible edges between clustered nodes are not the same edge as the ones provided in data.edges passed on network creation. With each layer of clustering, copies of the edges between clusters are created and the previous edges are hidden, until the cluster is opened. This method takes an edgeId (ie. a base edgeId from data.edges) and applys the options to it and any edges that were created from it while clustering.
Creates an instance of Network.


settings
Original work by
Allison Letson
with some changes from
Eric Burgueño
×
Settings
Show network statistics in a clickable dropdown
Show disk statistics in a clickable dropdown
Display meter graphics for CPU and RAM usage (disable this for a more compact view)
List view
Grid view
2 columns
3 columns
4 columns
6 columns
12 columns