Cloud computing refers to a wide range of computing infrastructure services--from storage to software--that are delivered over the internet to a customer (normally a company). These services used to be in the scope of a company's IT department. But with cloud computing, these services can be handled by a third-party so companies can focus on their core business.
Cloud Computing Services are broken into three main groups:
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- Description: This is the lowest level of cloud computing. IaaS provides servers and storage, networking and security. Think of it like a company's traditional data center, but completely virtual. The customer accesses these services through a user interface. For example. Microsoft Azure or Amazon Web Services.
- Benefits:
- You can purchase services individually as you need them. This makes IaaS scalable with businesses of all sizes
- New services can be deployed in less than a day. When you've decided you need a new component of IaaS, you can have it up and running that same day, rather than waiting weeks to set up local resources
- Disaster recovery with the cloud is significantly easier than with a traditional data center. Your infrastructure "...can be safely and accurately transferred from one data center to a second data center without the burden of reloading each component of the server. This can dramatically reduce recovery times compared to conventional (non-virtualized) disaster recovery approaches..." (Online Tech)
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Description: This is the mid-tier of cloud computing. Along with all IaaS components, PaaS offers a suite of services to support a web application's entire lifecycle including development tools, database management, and business analytics.
- Benefits:
- All the benefits of IaaS plus...
- Reduces coding time. PaaS tools come with "pre-coded application components built into the platform, such as workflow, directory services, security features, search, and so on." (Microsoft - What is PaaS?)
- Since the development environment is virtual, you and your team can work on your application remotely
- All the tools you need to develop and manage a web app are included in PaaS
- Software as a Service (SaaS)
- Description: This is the most holistic version of cloud computing and also the most common. In addition to the services described in IaaS and PaaS, SaaS provides hosted applications, such as email, calendars, and customer Relationship Management (CRM).
- Benefits:
- All the benefits of IaaS and PaaS plus...
- Most applications can be run from the web, making your work accessible anywhere with an internet connection
- The customer isn't responsible for updating the software
When it comes to asking "which type of cloud computing is right for me?", what you should really ask yourself is, "how much of your company's IT do you want controlled by a third-party vendor?" This graphic from Stephen Watts of bmc blog breaks down your options:
If your needs are purely IT infrastructure based, go with an IaaS provider like Microsoft Azure or Digital Ocean. If you're concerned with building and deploying web apps quickly, without having to worry about software updates, look into PaaS providers like Heroku or Apache Stratos. If you want your company to deal with as little IT as possible, SaaS is right for you. Some examples of SaaS providers are Salesforce (CRM), and Concur (Travel/Expense management).
Cloud Computing services are deployed in one of three ways:
- Public Cloud
- Description:Public clouds are available to the public and data are created and stored on third-party servers. As server infrastructure belongs to service providers that manage them and administer pool resources, the need for user companies to buy and maintain their own hardware is eliminated. Provider companies offer resources as a service on a free of charge or pay-per-use basis via the Internet connection. Users can scale them when required.
- Benefits:
- Easy acess to data,setup, and use
- Flexibility to add and reduce capacity
- Cost-effectiveness
- Continous operation time
- No need of software
- Private Cloud
- Description:The difference between public and private clouds is little from the technical point of view. As their designs are very similar. However, unlike in the public one, only one specific company owns a private cloud, which is why it is also called internal or corporate. Because these data center architectures reside within the firewall, they provide enhanced security. Even though one organization runs its workloads on a private basis, a third party can also manage it, and the server can be hosted externally or on premises of the user company.
- Benefits:
- Individual development
- Storage and network components are customizable
- High control over the corporate information
- High security,privacy and reliability
- Community Cloud
- Description:A community cloud deployment model be similar to a private one to a large extent; the only difference is the set of users. While a private type implies that only one company owns the server, in the case of a community one, several organizations with similar backgrounds share the infrastructure and related resources.
- Benefits:
- cost reduction
- Improved security,privacy and reliability
- Ease of data sharing and collabration
- Hybrid Cloud
- Description:a hybrid cloud encompasses the best features of the above-mentioned cloud computing deployment models – a public, private and community ones. It allows companies to mix and match the facets of all three types that best suit their requirements. As an example, a company can balance its load by locating mission-critical workloads on a secure private cloud and deploying less sensitive ones to a public one. It not only safeguards and controls strategically important assets but does so in the most cost- and resource-effective way possible for each specific case.
- Benefits:
- Improved security and privacy
- Enhanced scalability and flexibility
- Reasonable price
Works Cited
https://www.sam-solutions.com/blog/four-best-cloud-deployment-models-you-need-to-know/
http://whatiscloud.com/cloud_deployment_models/index


| Home | Face Recognition | Natural Language Processing | Machine Learning | Data Visualization | Z.O.E. | S.I.M.O.N. | C.A.M. | ChatBots | HTML |
I created the Zoom Operation Expert (Z.O.E) during the Covid-19 pandemic. I found it somewhat tedious searching for zoom links to different classes for 9 hours a day, so I created a program which would automatically sign me into classes on time.
I had a few ideas on what the best way to create this program was; I knew that I needed to give the program access to my calendar. I ended up inputting my full schedule into a CSV file which the program would read (this took a while with a 10-day schedule). Within the main class of the program I created variable names for each item in the CSV file that leads to the corresponding zoom link.
There were two main bases of interaction with this program: text based and speech based.
When the program first starts, the user is prompted to input which day's schedule is required. After this is supplied the program will sign in to classes on time throughout the day and quit once the day is over.
The speech based interaction uses the computer's microphone to listen to a set of specific requests: "Mute mic", "Un mute mic", "Tun on video", "Turn off video", and "End call".
Finally, I noticed that sometimes I was being sent zoom links within emails when teachers were trying to set up meetings. I used my knowledge with reading emails, "regex", and "natural language processing" to read emails, filter out any unnecessary text, and extract a zoom link and a time. This process signs in to the meeting at the given time.


ALL ABOUT
CHATBOTS
Generally speaking a bot is any software that performs an automated task, however we are interested
in
the
class of
bots that live online in chat platforms or on social media called chatbots.
In this context there are many possible definitions and some confusion about what a bot is. This is
partly
because
there are so many varied use cases for bots and these influence what people perceive a chatbot to
be.
The most intuitive definition is that a bot is software that can have a conversation with a human.
For
example a user
could ask the bot a question or give it an instruction and the bot could respond or perform an
action
as
appropriate.
Chatbots have potential. Even though they are increasingly used, the modern chatbot is still a
young
technology. With
the continuing development of AI, the potential for bots in business and personal lives is
unlimited.
They can be easy to build. It depends on what you want to achieve, of course, but you can
design a
simple
chatbot based on the Facebook Messenger without any programming experience.
Chatbots emphasize the company’s brand and image. The chatbot represents the company when it’s
communicating with the customer, so, from a marketing point of view, it is a perfect embodiment
of
brand building.
They offer straightforward services. A well-optimized chatbot communicates only the essentials
and
does
not
overwhelm the user.
Chatbots automate processes. Bots are able to take on human work for, generally speaking,
mundane
or
basic
analytic tasks.
Chatbots work within chat platforms such a Facebook Messenger, Slack or SMS. Each chat platform has
it’s
own features.
These features determine the possible ways in which the chatbot can interact with the user or the
group
or
team,
however the actual behaviour of the chatbot is determined by the bot itself.
For example, an sms bot can only show text and attach multi-media widgets in some cases. An email
bot
has
the same
limitations. A Facebook Messenger or Telegram Bot can interact with the user using a variety of
graphical
widgets. A
Facebook Messenger, Kik or Telegram bot can also give the user access to webviews, i.e. essentially
allowing unlimited
flexibility in terms of the user interface that can be offered to the user.
Code Everything Yourself - Use open source libraries like Apache Open NLP or Stanford Open NLP to create your own Flow and NLU.
NLP platforms to do the Intent and Entity extraction - This takes over the load of understanding Machine Learning, but you still need to code your own Flow
Use DIY (Do It Yourself) platforms for building a bot - There are some platforms
like
which
provide you with Drag ‘n’
Drop features to build chat bots in very less time and without any coding. There are different
types of
platforms:


[gecode-users] Customised static variable ordering
Chris Mears
cmears at infotech.monash.edu.au
Sun Sep 27 13:04:56 CEST 2009
Hello Gecoders,
I'd like to perform a depth first search with a specific static variable
ordering. I have a matrix of integer variables and I want to label the
top row first, then the left column, then the rest of the matrix in
standard top-to-bottom, left-to-right order.
The naive search shown here gives a standard top-to-bottom,
left-to-right ordering:
class Problem : public Space {
IntVarArray cells;
Problem(int n) {
Matrix<IntVarArray> m(cells, n, n);
// ...
// set up constraints on cells via m
// ...
branch(*this, cells, INT_VAR_NONE, INT_VAR_MIN);
}
}
I have managed to achieve the ordering I want, like this (with the new
bits marked with comments):
class Problem : public Space {
IntVarArray cells;
IntVarArray ordering; // *** added this array ***
Problem(int n) {
Matrix<IntVarArray> m(cells, n, n);
// ...
// set up constraints on cells via m
// ...
// *** added this block ***
int index = 0;
for (int c = 0 ; c < n ; c++)
ordering[index++] = m(c,0);
for (int r = 1 ; r < n ; r++)
ordering[index++] = m(0,r);
for (int r = 1 ; r < n ; r++)
for (int c = 1 ; c < n ; c++)
ordering[index++] = m(c,r);
// *** search on "ordering" instead of "cells" ***
branch(*this, cells, INT_VAR_NONE, INT_VAR_MIN);
}
}
This seems to work. My question: is this the best way to do it? (It
just occurred to me that maybe it could be done using Slices -- is that
right?)
Thanks,
Chris
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mailing list


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The network layer provides the means for end-to-end connectivity networks. It carries 4 basic operations:
L2 is for link-to-link, L3 is for end-to-end.
IP was designed as a protocol with low overhead. It doesn't track nor manage the flow of packets (delegates to upper layers). Its basic characteristics are:
Options and Padding are almost never used.
An IPv4 packet has two sections:
Used when an IP packet has to be fragmented because transmission on media with smaller MTUs:
The IPv4 addressing uses a 32-bit address space for a total<PHONE_NUMBER> addresses (3.7 billions really allocatable). They are not enough for IoT, always-on connections.
Slows down IPv4 addresses depletion, providing a way to share a single public IP address. The internal IP address is hidden, and that's problematic for end-to-end connectivity.
The growth of the Internet has lead to an increase of the number of paths router must keep track of. The way IPv4 works it consumes a lot of memory and computing resources.
IPv6 was developed to fix IPv4 address exhaustion and deal with present and future needs. How does it differ from IPv4?
An host can send (forward) a packet to:
Destination IP address and Subnet Mask combined allow an host to distinguish between local and remote hosts.
A router is needed to forward a packet to a remote network.
The (interface of the) router connected to the local network segment and used to reach any other network is called default gateway.
An host decides where to forward its traffic based on its routing table, which tipically presents three kinds of entries:
stefanauss@barney:~$ route -n
Tabella di routing IP del kernel
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> UG 0 0 0 eth0
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> U 1 0 0 eth0
stefanauss@barney:~$
stefanauss@barney:~$ ip route show
default via <IP_ADDRESS> dev eth0 proto static
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src <IP_ADDRESS> metric 1
stefanauss@barney:~$
stefanauss@barney:~$ netstat -r
Tabella di routing IP del kernel
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
default StefanaussGR.la <IP_ADDRESS> UG 0 0 0 eth0
<IP_ADDRESS> * <IP_ADDRESS> U 0 0 0 eth0
C:\Document and Settings\Stefanauss\>route print
===========================================================================
Elenco interfacce
0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface
0x2 ...08 00 27 3b 1b 39 ...... Scheda Ethernet PCI AMD PCNET Family
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
Route attive:
Indirizzo rete Mask Gateway Interfac. Metric
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> 20
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> 20
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> 20
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> 20
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> 1
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> 20
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> 1
Gateway predefinito: <IP_ADDRESS>
===========================================================================
Route permanenti:
Nessuno
stefanauss@barney:~$ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet IndirizzoHW e8:11:32:4e:48:6b
indirizzo inet:<IP_ADDRESS> Bcast:<IP_ADDRESS> Maschera:<IP_ADDRESS>
indirizzo inet6: fe80::ea11:32ff:fe4e:486b/64 Scope:Link
indirizzo inet6: fd17:8869:6a40::e24/128 Scope:Global [...]
lo Link encap:Loopback locale
indirizzo inet:<IP_ADDRESS> Maschera:<IP_ADDRESS>
indirizzo inet6: ::1/128 Scope:Host [...]
stefanauss@barney:~$ ip -6 route show
fd17:8869:6a40::e24 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256
fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256
The routing table of a router contains:
On a Cisco Router the routing table is obtained with the command show ip route
.
R0# show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
<IP_ADDRESS>/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
D <IP_ADDRESS>/24 [90/2170112] via <IP_ADDRESS>, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0
D <IP_ADDRESS>/24 [90/2170112] via <IP_ADDRESS>, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 3 masks
C <IP_ADDRESS>/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L <IP_ADDRESS>/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 3 masks
C <IP_ADDRESS>/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L <IP_ADDRESS>/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 3 masks
C <IP_ADDRESS>/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
L <IP_ADDRESS>/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R0#
A router is a proper computer, only with hardware tailored to perform routing functions. It has a CPU, an OS, and memories.
| Memory | Type | Content |
| RAM | Volatile | Running Cisco IOS; Running configuration file; Routing and ARP tables; Packet buffer. |
| ROM | Non-Volatile | Bootup code; Basic diagnostic; Limited IOS (ROM Monitor) |
| NVRAM | Non-Volatile | Startup configuration file |
| Flash | Non-Volatile | Cisco IOS |
Management (out-of-band) ports don't forward packets, router (in-band) interfaces do!
Cisco3845Router# show version
Cisco IOS Software, 3800 Software (C3845-IPBASE-M),
Version 12.3(11)T7, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc3)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Sat 30-Jul-05 03:12 by dchih
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.3(11r)T2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Cisco3845Router uptime is 10 weeks, 6 days, 9 hours, 30 minutes
System returned to ROM by power-on
System restarted at 05:09:07 CDT Thu Oct 20 2005
System image file is "flash:c3845-ipbase-mz.123-11.T7.bin"
Cisco 3845 (revision 1.0) with 419839K/104448K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID FTX0938A5PE
2 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
27 Serial interfaces
1 ISDN Basic Rate interface
1 Subrate T3/E3 port
DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity enabled.
479K bytes of NVRAM.
62720K bytes of ATA System CompactFlash (Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0x2102
(will be 0x2102 at the next reload)
Pretty much the same as the switch we configured in Lesson 2:
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Ented configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z
Router(config)# hostname R1
R1(config)#
R1(config)#enable secret hlcs
R1(config)#
R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)#password hlcsconsole
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#password hlcsvty
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#
R1(config)#service password-encryption
R1(config)#
R1(config)#banner motd #
Enter TEXT message. End with the character '#'.
*****************************************************
WARNING: Lasciate ogni speranza, voi che vi loggate!
*****************************************************
#
R1(config)#
R1(config)#exit
R1#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
R1#
Interfaces on Cisco IOS have a type-and-number nomenclature.
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.
End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#
R1(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>
R1(config-if)#description LAN del Corso Adv. Networking
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0,
changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
R1(config)#interface g0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>
R1(config-if)#des LAN supplementare
R1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1,
changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
Router123# show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0 <IP_ADDRESS> YES NVRAM up up
Ethernet1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Loopback0 <IP_ADDRESS> YES NVRAM up up
Serial0 <IP_ADDRESS> YES NVRAM up up
Serial1 <IP_ADDRESS> YES NVRAM up up
Serial2 <IP_ADDRESS> YES manual up up
Serial3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Router123#
Router123#ping <IP_ADDRESS>
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to <IP_ADDRESS>, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/6/8 ms
Routers have a minimum of two interfaces, each configured with an IP address of separate networks.
Most of the times the default gateway address of a network is the router interface address attached to the local network.
We assign an IP address to the switch virtual interface (SVI):
S1(config)# interface vlan1
S1(config-if)# ip address <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>
S1(config-if)# no shut
If the switch needs to be accessed remotely:
S1(config)# ip default-gateway <IP_ADDRESS>
Without a default gw, the response packets originating from the switch won't know how to exit the local network.


@for(response <- lstResponses) {
@response.title
@helper.form(action = routes.Response.addResponse(response.id.stringify)){
@if(response.sent != true){
@for(x <- response.questions.length-1 to 0 by -1){
@if(response.questions != ""){
@response.questions(x)
}
}
}else{
Responses have already been recorded.
}
}
}


New Player Guide 09 Jun 2019
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There is a lot to do in El Chronicle. Here is a list of daily objectives you can try to comple...
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TITANIC, a review by Christopher Chaberski
Director: James Cameron Writer: James Cameron Starring: Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, Billy Zane, Bill Paxton, Gloria Stuart, Kathy Bates, Suzy Amis, Bernard Hill, Francis Fisher, and Victor Garber Cinematographer: Russell Carpenter Composer: James Horner
SYNOPSIS: James Cameron's epic TITANIC is a superb film. The tremendous story is, basically, a third-class boy falls for first-class girl, wrapped around the sinking of the greatest ship of all time. Mr. Cameron's film is aided by top-notch performances from its leads. Leonardo DiCaprio finally sheds his arrogant punk image and performs wonderfully, while Kate Winslet shines brighter than ever, as her character experiences the full range of emotions. The supporting cast is also noteworthy, though nothing overshadows DiCaprio and Winslet. There are some minor weak points, but they do not bring the film down noticeably. Cameron splits the film into two halves, one prior to the iceberg and one afterwards, each an example of superior filmmaking. Together, they comprise a full epic adventure, but more importantly, a magnificent love story, which ends in a climax sure to be embedded in viewers' heads long after leaving the theater. TITANIC is the best film of 1997.
MAIN REVIEW (There will be some spoilers at the very end, but there will be a warning beforehand.):
James Cameron's list of credits towers above most of his peers. Though I have not seen THE SPAWNING, his first film, I have no problem in saying that his filmography is more than just a little impressive. THE TERMINATOR, ALIENS, and THE ABYSS (the director's cut, that is) are all phenomenal. In the 1990's, I believe he took an ever-so-slight dip with T2 and TRUE LIES, both of which lacked the emotional sharpness of his 1980's films, but they are still grand entertainments. With TITANIC, he has his masterpiece. His other films have flirted with greatness, but never achieved the spellbinding feats of TITANIC. Up until now, it was as if Mr. Cameron was more concerned with the machines in his films (and all of his films seem to indicate a great big great-big-machine fetish) than with the people who created them, though he never lost sight of the importance of those people. More than any other action director/writer, Mr. Cameron has maintained strong relationships between his characters. He has become famous for writing strong female parts, though that could be questioned with Jamie Lee Curtis' character in TRUE LIES. Linda Hamilton may as well re-name herself Sarah Connor; Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio's performance (opposite the equally-sharp Ed Harris) in THE ABYSS brims with fiery rage one moment and then tender femininity the next, a rare feat anywhere, much less in an action film; Mr. Cameron's finest female remains Sigourney Weaver's Ellen Ripley. When was the last time a female action lead received an Oscar nomination? I cannot think of one, ever. Ripley dominates ALIENS, even with the army of H.R. Giger-inspired nasties chasing her and her tough space-marine cohorts, wielding heavy artillery and simultaneously rediscovering her maternal instincts with the lost child she takes under her wing. In TITANIC, Kate Winslet's Rose DeWitt-Bukater is no exception. She does not get to handle M-16's or underwater oil rig equipment, but still she proves to be one tough woman. As I said before, Rose runs the emotional gamut in this film, and Winslet handles it beautifully. An Oscar nomination, especially in this year of rare strong female parts, is definite, and deserved. Not for one moment did I not believe what Rose was doing. It would have been easy not to like Rose.  But Winslet makes Rose irresistible. She exceeds her fabulous performance in HEAVENLY CREATURES by being completely vulnerable, yet never out of control. Rose wants to experience things, things which her mother and, more specifically, her class forbid her to experience. Who can blame her for despising the upper class experience? It is depicted as boring, repetetive, and adventure-deprived. She wants to change her life, and finally, finally receives the opportunity, in the form of Jack Dawson (DiCaprio).  I must admit, the thing most preventing me from wanting to see this film beforehand was that I knew Leonardo DiCaprio was the male lead. In all of his prior performances (save MARVIN'S ROOM), he perpetually irritated me with his cockiness and whining. Thankfully, he does not whine or act cocky for one moment during TITANIC. He shows full capability of bringing great force to a "straight" character, as opposed to his previous array of quirky ones. Here, he has no physical or mental handicaps to aid his performance, yet is stronger than ever. DiCaprio sparkles as Jack, fully embodying the carefree, poor, young artist who falls for the first class beauty he spots on a higher deck. This is a magical moment, as Rose comes into his sight, almost glowing with light. Jack is smitten. His friend Fabrizio (Danny Nucci) waves a hand in front of his mesmerized eyes, to no avail. As fate would have it, Jack and Rose do meet later that night, when Jack finds her hanging off of the back of the ship, in a suicide attempt. For the first 100 minutes, Mr. Cameron allows the relationship between Jack and Rose to develop realistically and poignantly. Thank God for this. So many films rely on huge climaxes to titillate audiences. Mr. Cameron realizes that huge climaxes can do more than titillate if the audience is entranced by the characters in that very climax. Feeling titillated wares off; feeling truly moved lingers. A film cannot truly move its viewers without devoting proper time to its characters. The first half of the film relies on more than just a developing romantic drama to drive itself. So many other flavors are at work here. First and foremost, comedy. The spit lying unbeknownst on Jack's chin as he is presented to the first class ladies; Jack's lack of silverware knowledge at the dinner table; Cal's dismissal of Picasso; these moments, among others, comically underscore the development of Jack and Rose's romance. Other factors at work during the first half of the film to keep the entertainment level high: the marvelous cinematography, with sweeping shots of the monumental ship; exquisite period detail in sets, costumes, language and mannerisms; colorful supporting characters, such as Kathy Bates' Molly Brown; and the unforgettable score by James Horner. Every bit of music is impeccably paired with what is onscreen. Its greatest accomplishment is that the music never seems out of place, so rare in film today. It is never obvious, yet omnipresent. This is yet another category for which TITANIC deserves Oscar recognition. The developing romance is filled with so many magical moments, both visual and emotional. The film's finest moment, in my eyes, is the nude drawing scene. For such a seemingly outrageous concept, the scene fits perfectly into the framework of the characters and the film. After Rose has conceded her evident affection of Jack, to Jack, she brings him back to her suite to be drawn like the women she has seen in Jack's other drawings--nude. For the occasion, she wears only the 56-karat Heart of the Ocean diamond necklace her fiance Cal (Zane) had previously given her. It is the only time she wears the jewel. After dropping her robe, a speechless Jack positions her on the couch. During this scene, this behemoth of a film achieves a scarce level of subtle, cinematic poetry. Little dialogue is exchanged, but the scene swelters with eroticism. Seeing Jack's eyes peering over the paper at Rose is to see artistic determination, the search for perfection-- Jack wants to capture Rose's very essence in one drawing. The halfway point of the film is preceded by a physical manifestation of Rose and Jack's growing love for each other. This could be the finest-executed example of a teen love scene since 1989's SAY ANYTHING... The scene exemplifies the youthful exuberance of Jack and Rose, but also the universal and timeless experience of falling in love. The few words that are spoken during this scene are the film's best dialogue. In this scene, Mr. Cameron whittles down the feelings of Rose and Jack into just the minimal number of words, an appropriate and deft maneuver. When the iceberg hits, it really does not seem like something that could sink Titanic. This was, after all, an "unsinkable" ship. The blind arrogance of its creators is humbled by a tiny-in-comparison chunk of frozen water floating in the North Atlantic. The damage is done. The ship will sink, proclaims its builder and staunch admirer, Mr. Andrews (a brilliant Victor Garber). Mr. Cameron hits another high note with the dumbfounded reactions of the various crew members upon finding out that the unsinkable is indeed, sinking. The second half of the film defines the capacity of the cinematic art. Describing the sights Mr. Cameron unleashes is next to impossible. It is here where parts of TITANIC become simply ineffable, where one can truly understand and accept the medium of film as unique from the other arts. There are certain things that only novels can do best, and there are certain things that only poems can do best. No novel or poem could hope to better the second half of TITANIC for what it is. And that is a visual magnum opus. Seeing the great ship fill with water, slowly dip head-first into the water, and finally ending up straight in the air, only to slowly ease into the Atlantic ocean...all of this is an utterly remarkable visual experience. But TITANIC aspires beyond this. The eye candy is only half the story. After spending so much time with Jack and Rose's building romance, the film certainly does not forget them. Because the audience has invested so much into them, their numerous subsequent separations are that much more heart-wrenching. The actual sinking appears to unfold in real time, which is a definite plus. The gradual tension plus the feeling of inevitability allows for moment by moment changes from intensity to pathos. One cannot forget the humbled Mr. Andrews leaning against the dining room mantle, gently fixing the clock as a half- empty brandy glass slides off the mantle. There are so many of these tiny, poignant moments, which hardly ever fall into sentimentality. Mr. Cameron captures so many characters' feelings during this time of desperation. But he never loses focus on Jack and Rose. They are the main story, always. There are, however, minute scratches on this diamond of a film. Some of Cameron's dialogue is mediocre at best. And there are moments when the central romance becomes cheesy. But what needs to be considered here is that Jack and Rose are kids! There is ALWAYS cheesiness in a youthful romance (as well as older romance). That is really the way that kids in love speak to each other. Also, the perhaps-too-sharp contrast between rich and poor often comes out in unnecessarily harsh lines spoken by Rose's mother and, especially, Cal Hockley. Thankfully, though, these weaknesses are easily eclipsed by the prevailing positives evident throughout. Along with DiCaprio and Winslet, so many other actors perform splendidly. Kathy Bates is always delightful as the Unsinkable Molly Brown; Frances Fisher nails her role as the class-aware mother, who is actually given a small dose of humanization (rare for the upper class in this film) when she explains that the family fortune is depleted; Bill Paxton and Gloria Stuart each do very well during the present day bookends, with Stuart especially showing Rose's undying fire. But there are two supporting performances of special note: Victor Garber as the honorable Mr. Andrews, and Billy Zane as the oh-so-evil Cal Hockley. Garber deserves an Oscar nomination for his earnest, intense performance as the ship's main designer. He is, at first, rightfully proud of his ship. But when the iceberg hits, he is the first to accept that "the ship will sink." When he walks up the grand staircase, and Rose inquires about why everyone is being made to wear their life-vests, Garber's eyes (and watch his extraordinarily expressive eyebrows here) burn with guilt, shame, and fear as he explains to Rose of the inevitable. The other performance worth discussing is Billy Zane's portrayal of Cal Hockley. As performed, Hockley is completely unlikable, and unfortunately one-dimensional in that respect. It is difficult to say whether the blame should fall more on Zane or on Mr. Cameron, for writing lines that could not really be taken very far. Surprisingly though, Zane does very well with what the character ends up being. Occasionally, there is even some subtlety gracing his performance (!). It is easy to hate Cal, but impossible to feel anything else, which is a weakness in any character. Beyond characters and performances, the technical achievements of this film are beyond astounding. The visual effects are quite simply the best effects in cinema, not only for their visible attributes, but also for the way they bolster the story, rather than supercede it. Also, the sound is perhaps the clearest and most skillfully utilized I have ever heard. So many tiny conversations, sound effects, and background noises come across so clearly without ever getting in the way. This is the way technical aspects of a film should work. After all is said and done, one question remains: Why is TITANIC such a great film? Yes, the acting, the tragic story, and the technical marvels are all executed wonderfully, but what really pushes TITANIC to the top of the heap? Perhaps it is the film's massive ambition, only equalled by the size of the actual Titanic. The immense ambition plus the near-flawless execution amount to the complete cinematic experience. This, in a nutshell, albeit a rather large and expensive nutshell, is the true power of film.
TITANIC--rating: **** (out of four)/ alternative scale: 9.6/10.0
---------------- WARNING:
Spoilers below...
** SPOILER WARNING!! DO NOT READ IF YOU HAVEN'T SEEN THE FILM!!
** I wanted to take some time to discuss the final few minutes of TITANIC.
I found the scene where the 100-year old Rose throws the diamond into the ocean to be a misstep. It was especially irritating that this scene happened after so many brilliant moments. I did find her gesture, symbolic as it was, necessary. Why not leave the idea open to audience interpretation? The fate of the diamond could have been much more tantalizing had it been left ambiguous. I can understand the reasons Rose has for letting the diamond fall to rest along the ocean floor, with the rest of Titanic. However, I still feel that it was a poor choice, and at such an inopportune moment, too! However, I thought the following scene was perfect. After one last beautiful visual transition from present-day-sunken Titanic to the majestic, original Titanic, Rose's dream of being with Jack one last time fulfilled my passion to see Jack one last time as well. Some have said that this scene was corny and cheesy, and I can see why they get that impression. But, Mr. Cameron, if you're reading this, just know that I, at least, think you hit just the right note. Allowing Rose and Jack one final embrace was absolutely the best way to cap the greatest film romance in years, in my humble opinion.
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Physical Challenges Faced by Older Adults that Impact Performance in e-Learning Courses:
Older adults experience many age-related changes that can affect performance in e-Learning courses. These include changes to vision, hearing, motor control, cognition, and mood.
We have received several reports of older adults experiencing challenges due to these issues in 2015. These reports are detailed in the pie-chart to the left. Hover over each section to see the type of issue reported, and the number of older adults who reported experiencing issues in that area.


The Best and Worst Airports for Business Travelers
Having knowledge of airports, both good and bad, can help you get the most out of your travel experience.
by John DiScalaBusiness travelers know that some airports are better to travel through than others. If you have a long layover, an airport with ample lounge access and fast WiFi make it easy to work while you wait. If you are often rushed or have to make a connecting flight, a smaller, less-crowded airport may be the one you want to visit more to help make travel a breeze.
Below are some of the best US airports for business travelers and others you want to avoid, according to the latest Wall Street Journal airport rankings.
Best Airports
Phoenix Sky Harbor (PHX)
Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX) is the best US airport, according to the Journal. One reason why is a sharp improvement in their free WiFi speed and in-terminal charging ports. Being in a geographic area with plenty of sunshine and mild winters also minimize flight delays.
The recent Terminal 3 modernization has added new restaurants and a 7,500-square foot Delta Sky Club. An American Express Centurion Lounge will open in Terminal 4 in 2020.
- Average WiFi download speed: 93.47 Mbps
- Number of airport lounges and clubs: 7
Denver International Airport (DEN)
Denver International Airport (DEN) is another perennial top contender. You will find an airport lounge for American, Delta, United, and British Airways. A Centurion Lounge is opening in 2020. Their free WiFi is also one of the fastest for US airports. And, there are over 140 shops and restaurants you can visit.
- Average WiFi download speed: 88.47 Mbps
- Number of airport lounges and clubs: 6
Reagan National (DCA)
When business takes you to Washington, D.C., try flying into Reagan National Airport (DCA). This airport has direct access to the Metro mass transit system to reach Virginia, D.C., or Maryland. Nonstop service is available to and from most major airports across the nation.
There are also four airline lounges and over 100 shops and restaurants.
- Average WiFi download speed: 81.72 Mbps
- Number of airport lounges and clubs: 4
Portland International Airport (PDX)
Although the iconic Portland International Airport (PDX) carpet is completely removed, this airport is expanding. Free WiFi, plenty of shops and dining without sales tax can be found here. To see short 10-minute films, you can visit the free Hollywood Theatre microcinema in Concourse C.
- Average WiFi download speed: 81.72 Mbps
- Number of airport lounges and clubs: 3
Worst US Airports
Newark (EWR)
Newark is the worst of the three New York City airports due to above-average TSA security wait times. But, this might be your only option if you fly United Airlines or another international carrier. The ongoing construction projects don't make things better for the near future.
If possible, try to access one of the airline lounges to escape the crowd and get faster WiFi. Newark's free WiFi network only offers download speeds up to 50 Mbps.
- Average WiFi download speed: 120.31 Mbps (United Club)
- Number of airport lounges and clubs: 10
Philadelphia (PHL)
Philadelphia International Airport (PHL) is easy-to-reach with public transit with plenty of restaurants, shops, and airport lounges. You may also enjoy the various local art exhibits capturing the spirit of brotherly love.
Because Philly is geographically between New York and D.C., flight delays are more likely than other large airports. TSA security wait times can also be longer than you desire.
If your layover time is extended, take the time to find a restaurant offering local culinary delights like a cheesesteak or crab fries. If you're an American Express Platinum Cardholder, a Centurion Lounge is located in Terminal A-West.
- Average WiFi download speed: 79.37 Mbps
- Number of airport lounges and clubs: 10
Chicago-Midway (MDW)
Chicago Midway Airport (MDW) can be a better option than O'Hare for domestic travel. They also have a fast and free WiFi network. However, you will not want to encounter delays at Midway.
The only airport lounge is the USO lounge for military travelers. Your dining and shopping options are relatively limited in relation to similar-sized airports.
- Average WiFi download speed: 105.51 Mbps
- Number of airport lounges and clubs: 0
The best airports for business travelers tend to be in the western United States. But, more airports across the nation are upgrading terminals to include more amenities so you can keep working in comfort. Whether you travel through the best or worst airports, frequent flyers can benefit from getting lounge membership or a private WiFi hotspot to improve your layover.


The harder you work for something, the greater you’ll feel when you achieve it.
The harder you work for something, the greater you’ll feel when you achieve it.
There are many reasons to get down and start to get depressed about your situation.
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SurveyInfo
Survey level information.
Member Summary
| Public Members | ||
| public get |
allowBackNavigation: bool Is back navigation allowed for the current page. |
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| public get |
allowNextNavigation: bool Is next navigation allowed for the current page. |
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| public get |
autoNext: bool Auto submit if all questions answered |
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| public get |
disableValidationBanner: bool is disable toaster |
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| public get |
isAccessible: bool Is survey executing in accessibility mode. |
source |
| public get |
isTest: bool Is survey executing in test mode. |
source |
| public get |
language: number: * Current respondent language. |
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| public get |
messages: object: {...undefined: Object} Localized messages. |
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| public get |
mobileThreshold: string: * Determine when switch between mobile and desktop layouts. |
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| public get |
progress: number Current survey progress. |
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| public get |
surveyChannel: string Which channel the interview was performed (Cawi|Cati|Capi). |
source |


All You Knead is Loaf
Bread is Forking Delicious
Grab a large Pyrex glass bowl, at least four liters large. Add 350mL of warm water about 45° Celsius. 7 grams of active dry yeast[1], 13 grams of sugar. Mix. Let sit for five minutes. Lean in and waft. That is the aroma of Saccharomyces cerevisiae digesting the sugar and excreting alcohol and carbon dioxide. A scent so distinct we use it to describe other substances. Atop the liquid skims a layer of froth. Firm, it forms a protective shield for the young single-celled fungi to ferment and reproduce.
Add and mix 14 grams of salt. 3 grams of rosemary. 500 grams of flour[2]. Whilst enhancing the flavor of the bread, the salt regulates the rate of yeast activity. Too much or too little can lead to a final good that lacks structure. Again, lean in and waft. The distinct fragrance of rosemary accents the yeast excretions. With the right amount of flour, what was once liquid becomes a soft mass with a clay-like texture[3]. Soft, sticky, course, and shaggy. It lacks a cohesive quality, requiring more work to form the infamous texture of bread dough.
Empty the dough onto a counter dusted with flour. Begin to knead the dough. Fold, press, rotate. Fold, press, rotate. As you continue for several minutes, notice how the irregularities in the texture begin the smooth out. The gluten starts dispersed and mangled. Fold, press, rotate. They align, forming long chains of amino acid. This structure is durable, yet pliable. Fold, press, rotate. The air bubbles introduced from the process and the gas from the fermenting yeast become trapped in pockets surrounded by gluten rich dough. Fold, press, rotate. Once the dough is soft, asking to be used as a pillow, kneading is complete. Place it in a large bowl lightly greased, then cover with a moist towel.
Check on the dough occasionally. Rising in a warm environment is the quickest path to finished bread, yet a cooler environment fostering a slower rise yields more flavor[4]. The yeast has more time to produce the rich palpable taste of bread. The dough is resilient, it will double in size at some point yielding only for a catastrophic baking disaster.
Once the dough has doubled in size, it acts like a heavy balloon. The trapped air is only a thin layer away from escaping. Firmly poke the top. Pop, whoosh. The dome collapses with a gentle exhale. Move the dough to the counter and knead it a couple of cycles. Fold, press, rotate. This redistributes the warmth, breaks up yeast clusters, and releases the toxic alcohol. Plop it into a lightly greased loaf pan and let rise again. To avoid over or under proofing, check-up often. It should increase in volume by only half this time. Push firmly on the top. There should be some resistance as the gluten stretches like a water balloon, but not too much that the center feels dense. Lastly, poke the loaf and observe that it forms a dent then disappears in a few seconds.
Preheat the oven to 210° Celsius. Place the loaf on the lowest rack. As the heat encroaches on the yeasts’ territory, they once again increase their fermentation rate. More trapped gas leads to the final spring in volume. Confined by the loaf pan, the mound bulges over the edge, the iconic bread outline takes shape. After fifteen minutes, open the oven for a bit. Steam and heat escape, carrying the aroma of bread. Ahhhhhh, as primal human nature takes over: euphoria. This action allows the outer surface to begin to dehydrate forming crust. The yeast has perished by this time from the heat. The bread begins to enter its final form.
Ten more minutes[5]. Remove from the scorching enclosure. Inspect a golden-brown outer shell. Hard and stiff, it maintains the structure as the loaf is removed from its pan. The kitchen becomes saturated with the smell of bread. Knock on the top. Listen to the hollowness echo[6]. Feel the warmth seep in. A large bread knife with deep serrations is best for slicing. The teeth rattle on the top until they take bite and carve off a piece. More steam escapes without the crust to hold back. A butter knife spreads dairy goodness atop. Melting from the heat, it flows into the spongy texture. Take a bite. The tongue explores the butter filled craters, the crispy and crunchy walls, the crumbs that begin to flee. This is what hours of rising was all for.
All through human development, we reach for help from parents, caretakers, family, friends, and others. They are our bakers. Adding just the right amount of ingredients. Kneading until silky smooth. Providing a safe and warm environment to rise to our fullest potential. Beginning as a single cell, fragile and new to the world, a fertilized egg hopes to undergo mitosis repeatedly until the construction of organic material becomes a fetus. During this feeble stage, the brood seek their caretaker for nourishment and protection. Embedded in our mother’s uterus and attached by an umbilical, she breathes for us, eats for us, walks for us. This symbiosis is the first relationship of our existence and often remains powerful throughout life, only ceasing with death[7].
For years following birth, even decades, human children remain abreast with their mother. As time progresses, the caretaking role diminishes, and the infant learns self-sufficient qualities and complex thoughts and emotions. Philosophers[8] argued that at birth infants are born with a Tabula Rasa, blank state in English. Only enough knowledge how to sustain life such as breathing, all that which makes us human is a result of our rearing. Our nurturing is the dominate influencer of personality and that nature, genealogy, has minimal impact. This view places a significant burden on parenting.
Parents provide this personality molding at a young age, setting the tone for further development in a child’s life. The use of games to teach social interactions and skills such as truth, patience, teamwork, communication, and conflict resolution is often used once children learn how to talk. Adults likely woe the opportunity to play duck, duck, goose for the fifteenth time that day. Their children, young and innocent, ask endlessly to subtlety learn how to assess others, targeting those who are least attentive for the best chance to avoid being tagged. These games primarily take on a everybody wins mentality, or the elder participants will reduce their effort and involvement to allow the young to win. Building a desire to play based on the jubilation of winning allows more complex games to be played without discouragement. Then the effort restores to a more competitive level to foster sportsmanship. That joy wasn’t from winning but instead playing a fun game with others who care for you.
Enriched with continuous learning, the mind grows from these experiences. Adding fragments of personality traits to one’s once blank slate. If this state of innocence is hastened or prolonged, difficulties later in life emerge. Traumatic experiences quickly take hold of innocence and embeds conscious and subconscious feelings that greatly affect one’s personality. Most serial killers suffered some type of maltreatment during childhood. On the other hand, children with overly protective parents that maintain their innocence for as long as possible can foster feelings of shame or self-doubt and inability to express oneself without feeling anxious. As with most things, life is a careful balance of various factors.  Hopefully during development, these narrow margins widen to allow larger swings of stimuli. A physical analog to emotional hardening, a small amount of foreign material from a vaccine allows the immune system to prepare a defence against a real attack in the future. Sometimes these experiences are too much to handle and one’s mental state deflates to a low. Family and friends help to mend the holes, allowing oneself to rebuild the mind. This restored mental state has improved structure. Strong, it can withstand more turmoil.
A rapid change of the human mind takes place during puberty. Over a couple years, it matures significantly. The dominant drive for action changes from emotion to ration. Although maintaining similarity to the childhood state, the structure does go through a remodeling that allows changes to encroach. Most parents support this stage positively by encouraging positive behavior, allowing healthy risk-taking, and staying connected. Sometimes, some negative alterations ingress leading to mental health issues. The young human begins to enter its final form.
A couple more years and the last bit of mental growth is sealed in at conclusion of young adulthood. With a robust support network, adults can handle almost any conflict whilst protecting the warmth of life inside. The purpose of that warm life becomes an overshadowing question. What is the reason for spending decades developing into adulthood? The question is as old as thought itself. Stoics will say to be free from suffering. Hedonists maximize pleasure. Nihilists argue life has no meaning. With millions of years to process, Deep Thought[9] calculated 42. Numerous philosophers have tried to find a universal solution without success. As a lifetime is a mere speck on the cosmic timeline, life is meaningless: the earth continues to spin with or without human life.
Everyone is unique due to their genealogy, rearing, experiences, etc. Each person must give their own life meaning in their own unique way. Being social creatures, sharing one’s life with others is often a fundamental component. With the freshly baked bread, share a slice with friends. They eat, they like, they praise. Share some more. Each time the loaf shrinks, but in good company rejoice. Eventually the loaf is reduced to the last heel, then nothing. Some crumbs and memories are all that is left to remind of its presence.
Had the loaf been waiting to be consumed, had no one been offered a delicious slice, it would begin to grow stale. Hardening into a rock, it is inedible. Further disgrace invites colonies of spores to take hold. Marking their territory in fuzzy green patches. At first sight of the invaders, the loaf is destined to the compost. All is lost. Bread is quick to replace. Bake some more and perfect technique. Life isn’t as repeatable. Give life meaning, love each other, and bake some bread[10].
Notes
- ^ I recommend Fleischmann’s original. They were the first to produce active dry yeast in World War II. The yeast cells are partially dehydrated and can survive on the shelf for months without being refrigerated. The warm water rehydrates them from their dormant state.
- ^ Depending on various factors, including humidity, more flour may need to be added to create the dough.
- ^ The dough should clean the bowl, attaching itself to any leftover liquid or flour.
- ^ Studies have found the optimal temperature to be between 24° C and 26° C.
- ^ Or until golden brown. Total baking time ranges from 25-45 minutes.
- ^ If the sound is muffled and dampened, bake for another five minutes.
- ^ Usually this bond condition is dependent on the mortality of both parties as loss is a powerful emotion that is difficult to remove without removal of thought itself.
- ^ Modern linkage points to British Philosopher John Locke, often learnt in secondary school. The ideas can be traced back to Aristotle, Stoic, Persian philosopher Avicenna, and Sigmund Freud.
- ^ The supercomputer Deep Thought learns the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, The Universe, and Everything (The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy).
- ^ This essay is about bread but suitable goods to bake includes brownies, cake, cookies, croissants, custard, or just about anything. The provided recipe is for a lean dough rather than an enriched dough with high fat content. The higher fat leads to a denser dough with super soft interior and a gentler crust (think cinnamon rolls). Both are delicious and worth experimentation.


About Me
Hi, my name is Loreina Salalila. Welcome to my online website and portfolio! A few things about me would be:
- I am a full-stack web developer with well-balanced skills in both front-end and back-end development as well as a professional esports player
and content creator.
Career Objectives
- In terms of experience, I have more than a year of experience in JavaScript, am proficient in the MERN stack
(MongoDB, Express, ReactJS, and Node.js), and am a proud alumni of the UCI Extension Full Stack Coding Bootcamp.
- During my time at UCI Extension's Full Stack Coding Bootcamp, I had the opportunity to work on a variety of assignments and projects,
allowing me to hone my existing JavaScript skills as well as learn a multitude of useful new web development skills and techniques.


DfE enquiries
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
News story
Experts join group taking forward work to develop new teacher-training course framework.
A further 4 experts have been appointed to support vital work to boost the quality of initial teacher training ( ITT ) courses across England and ensure all trainees learn essential skills such as classroom management and assessment, Schools Minister Nick Gibb announced today (24 September 2015).
In March, Stephen Munday CBE , Chief Executive of Comberton Academy Trust, was appointed to chair an independent expert group that would develop a new core content framework for ITT courses.
The group was commissioned following the publication in January of Sir Andrew Carter’s review of the quality and effectiveness of ITT courses in England . While Sir Andrew’s report highlighted that overall the ITT system in England was performing well, he outlined that more could be done to ensure all trainees received some core grounding in the basics of classroom management and subject knowledge.
The development of a core framework will support those who deliver ITT as well as applicants and trainees to have a better understanding of the key elements of good ITT content.
Today, the minister has appointed additional experts from a diverse range of backgrounds to support the group. They are:
Commenting on the new appointments, Nick Gibb said:
We want to continue to ensure we have excellent teachers in our classrooms so that every child can reach their full potential. Making sure trainees learn essential skills such as classroom management and have a good grounding in subject knowledge are vital to this, and will help drive up improvements in the ITT system further.
I’m delighted to appoint these new members to support the Chair Stephen Munday and the expert group in their work to develop a new ITT course content framework.
Stephen Munday CBE , Chair of the ITT framework expert groups, said:
I am very pleased to welcome our new members who I know will strengthen the diversity of the group by adding further expertise in initial teacher training as well as the independent sector. We look forward to working with them to develop a framework of core content that will be of value to all ITT providers, applicants and trainees and in turn raise standards in education.
The new members join well respected colleagues who are continuing to progress the development of the new ITT content framework including:
In response to Sir Andrew Carter’s report , which made 18 recommendations to government and the ITT sector, the government confirmed that it would:
The Teaching Schools Council, was appointed in March to lead the work to develop new standards for ITT mentors.
We expect the independent expert group and the Teaching Schools Council will report to ministers by spring 2016.
In response to the Carter review the government also committed to develop the Get Into Teaching website and provide information about ITT on GOV.UK so that applicants of ITT and schools can find clearer information about provision.
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
Published: 24 September 2015


Mooring is possible in the fishing harbour near the village of Hvalba. Berth alongside the quay.
There is also an anchorage between the harbour and the lighthouse, but it is exposed to the east.
There is a shop, post office and a bank at Hvalba.


| CSL_Status | CSL_aif2Init (CSL_Aif2Context *pContext) |
| Peripheral specific initialization function. More... | |
| CSL_Aif2Handle | CSL_aif2Open (CSL_Aif2Obj *paif2Obj, CSL_InstNum aif2Num, CSL_Aif2Param *paif2Param, CSL_Status *pStatus) |
| Opens the instance of AIF2 requested. More... | |
| CSL_Status | CSL_aif2Reset (CSL_Aif2Handle pAif2Handle) |
| Reset whole AIF2 module. More... | |
| CSL_Status | CSL_aif2Close (CSL_Aif2Handle haif2) |
| CSL_Status | CSL_aif2HwSetup (CSL_Aif2Handle hAif2, const CSL_Aif2Setup *aif2Setup) |
| CSL_Status | CSL_aif2HwControl (CSL_Aif2Handle hAif2, CSL_Aif2HwControlCmd cmd, const void *arg) |
| Controls AIF operation based on the control command. More... | |
| CSL_Status | CSL_aif2GetHwStatus (CSL_Aif2Handle hAif2, CSL_Aif2HwStatusQuery Query, void *response) |
| Get the status of different operations. More... | |
| CSL_Status CSL_aif2Close | ( | CSL_Aif2Handle | haif2 | ) |
The Close call releases the resources of the peripheral
Usage Constraints: Both CSL_aif2Init() and CSL_aif2Open() must be called successfully in that order before CSL_aif2Close() can be called.
Example:
CSL_Aif2Handle hAif2; ... CSL_aif2Close(hAif2);
============================================================================
CSL_aif2Close
Description
The Close call releases the resources of the peripheral.
Arguments
haif2Link Handle to the aif2 instance
Return Value CSL_Status
Usage Constraints: Both CSL_aif2Init() and CSL_aif2Open() must be called successfully in that order before CSL_aif2Close() can be called. Example
CSL_aif2Handle haif2Link; // Properly initialize and open desired link for use haif2Link = CSL_aif2Open(&aif2LinkObj0, CSL_aif2, &aif2Param, &status); CSL_aif2Close(haif2Link);
| haif2 | Pointer to the object that holds reference to the instance of aif2 link requested after the CSL_aif2Open(...) call |
| CSL_Status CSL_aif2GetHwStatus | ( | CSL_Aif2Handle | hAif2, |
| CSL_Aif2HwStatusQuery | Query, | ||
| void * | response | ||
| ) |
Get the status of different operations.
============================================================================
CSL_aif2GetHwStatus
Description
This function is used to get the value of various parameters of the aif2 instance. The value returned depends on the query passed.
Arguments
hAif2 Handle to the aif2 instance Query Query to be performed response Pointer to buffer to return the data requested by the query passed
Return Value CSL_Status
Pre Condition
CSL_aif2Init(), CSL_aif2Open()
Post Condition Data requested by query is returned through the variable "response"
Writes
The input argument "response" is modified
Example
#define CSL_AIF2_MAX_RX_MASTER_FRAME_OFFSET 256 CSL_Aif2Handle hAif2; // other link related declarations ... // ctrl argument for hw command Bool ctrlArg; // query response Uint16 response; // Open handle - for use hAif2 = CSL_aif2Open(&Aif2Obj, CSL_AIF2, &aif2Param, &status); if ((hAif2 == NULL) || (status != CSL_SOK)) { printf ("\nError opening CSL_AIF2"); exit(1); } // Do config for link 0 Config.globalSetup = &gblCfg; ... //Do setup for link - 0 CSL_aif2HwSetup(hAif2, &Config); ctrlArg = CSL_AIF2_CTRL_RX_LINK_ENABLE; hAif2->arg_link = CSL_AIF2_LINK_0; //link 0 enable // Send hw control command to enable Tx/Rx of link 0 CSL_aif2HwControl(hAif2, CSL_AIF2_CMD_ENABLE_DISABLE_RX_LINK, (void *)&ctrlArg); ... wait(100); //wait for a sufficient length of time, so Rx link has enough time to sync; 100 cycles wait time is arbitrarily chosen // Get status of Rx master frame offset hAif2->arg_link = CSL_AIF2_LINK_0; //get link 0 status CSL_aif2GetHwStatus(hAif2, CSL_AIF2_QUERY_RM_LINK_RCVD_MSTR_FRAME_OFFSET, (void *)&response); if (response > CSL_AIF2_MAX_RX_MASTER_FRAME_OFFSET) { printf("\nRx Master Frame Offset exceeds bounds"); }
returns VC AIF2 version
returns VC Emu status
RM link Status 0. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (CSL_Aif2RmStatus0 | *) |
RM link Status 1. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (CSL_Aif2RmStatus1 | *) |
RM link Status 2. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (CSL_Aif2RmStatus2 | *) |
RM link Status 3. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (CSL_Aif2RmStatus3 | *) |
RM link Status 4. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (CSL_Aif2RmStatus4 | *) |
Return TM link CPRI HFN Status. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (Uint8 | *) |
TM link Status. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (CSL_Aif2TmStatus | *) |
RT Internal FIFO depth Status. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (Uint8 | *) |
RT Header Error Status. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (CSL_Aif2RtHeaderStatus | *) |
RT link Status. use hAif2->arg_link to choose link.
| (CSL_Aif2RtStatus | *) |
PD 128 Channel Status.
| (Uint32 | *) |
PD Packet Status for 128 channels if it is in or out of packet.
| (Uint32 | *) |
PE 128 Channel Status.
| (Uint32 | *) |
PE Packet Status for 128 channels if it is in or out of packet.
| (Uint32 | *) |
Debug data written to bits 128:0 of Egress DB RAM
| ( | Uint32 *) |
Egress DB debug side band data setup
| ( | CSL_Aif2DbSideData *) |
| CSL_Status CSL_aif2HwControl | ( | CSL_Aif2Handle | hAif2, |
| CSL_Aif2HwControlCmd | cmd, | ||
| const void * | arg | ||
| ) |
Controls AIF operation based on the control command.
===========================================================================
CSL_aif2HwControl
Description
This function performs various control operations on aif2 link, based on the command passed.
Arguments
haif2 Handle to the aif2 instance and link number for an argument cmd Operation to be performed on the aif2 arg Argument specific to the command
Return Value CSL_Status
Pre Condition
CSL_aif2Init(), CSL_aif2Open()
Post Condition
Registers of aif2 instance are configured according to the command and the command arguments. The command determines which registers are modified.
Writes
Registers determined by the command
Example
// handle for AIF2 CSL_Aif2Handle hAif2; // other related declarations ... // ctrl argument for hw command Bool ctrlArg; // Open handle - for use hAif2 = CSL_aif2Open(&Aif2Obj, CSL_AIF2, &aif2Param, &status); if ((hAif2 == NULL) || (status != CSL_SOK)) { printf ("\nError opening CSL_AIF2"); exit(1); } // Do config Config.globalSetup = &gblCfg; ... //Do setup CSL_aif2HwSetup(handleAif2, &Config); ctrlArg = CSL_AIF2_CTRL_RX_LINK_ENABLE; hAif2->arg_link = CSL_AIF2_LINK_0; //link 0 enable // Send hw control command to enable Tx/Rx of link 0 CSL_aif2HwControl(hAif2, CSL_AIF2_CMD_ENABLE_DISABLE_RX_LINK, (void *)&ctrlArg);
Starts Rx link (use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Starts Tx link (use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Control Aif2 Emulation (argument type: CSL_Aif2VcEmu*)
Enable SD B8 PLL
Enable SD B4 PLL
Force RM Sync State (argument type: CSL_Aif2RmForceSyncState *, use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
TM L1 Inband Control Signal Set (argument type: Uint8 *, use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Force TM Flush FIFO (argument type: Bool *, use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Force TM Idle state (argument type: Bool *, use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Force TM Resync state (argument type: Bool *, use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Dynamic configuration of PD CPRI id lut register (argument type: CSL_Aif2PdCpriIdLut *, use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Dynamic configuration of PD CPRI Control Word lut register (argument type: CSL_Aif2PdCpriCwLut *, use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Dynamic configuration of PD DBMR (argument type: CSL_Aif2DualbitMap *, use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Dynamic configuration of PD channel config registers (argument type: CSL_Aif2PdChannelConfig *)
Dynamic configuration of PE CPRI Control Word lut register (argument type: CSL_Aif2CpriCwLut *, use hAif2->arg_link to select link)
Dynamic configuration of PE obsai header register (argument type: CSL_Aif2PeObsaiHeader *)
Dynamic configuration of PE DBMR (argument type: CSL_Aif2PeDbmr *)
Dynamic configuration of PE Modulo rule (argument type: CSL_Aif2DualbitMap *)
Dynamic configuration of PE channel config registers (argument type: CSL_Aif2PeChannelConfig *)
Dynamic configuration of PE channel rule LUT config registers (argument type: CSL_Aif2PeChRuleLut *)
Enables Trace data and framing data capture (use hAif2->arg_link to select link, argument type: Bool *)
Data Trace Sync Enable. (argument type: Bool *)
Enables Ingress DB Debug mode (argument type: Bool *)
Debug data written to bits 128:0 of Ingress DB RAM (argument type: Uint32 *)
Ingress DB debug side band data setup (argument type: CSL_Aif2DbSideData *)
Writes the data in the following registers into the Ingress DB and sideband RAMS DB_IDB_DEBUG_D0, DB_IDB_DEBUG_D1, DB_IDB_DEBUG_D2, DB_IDB_DEBUG_D3, DB_IDB_DEBUG_SBDN (argument type: Bool *)
Set Read and Write Address used to access write or read Offset RAM for DB Debug
(argument type: Uint8 * arg[0] : write offset addr arg[1] : read offset addr)
Enable or Disable Ingress DB channel to add or remove channel dynamically (argument type: Uint32 *)
Setup Ingress DB channel to add or remove channel dynamically (argument type: CSL_Aif2DbChannel *)
Enables Egress DB Debug mode (argument type: Bool *)
Setup Side band data control info like dio and fifo write enable and channel id and dio base address.(argument type: CSL_Aif2DbSideData *)
the value loaded into DB_EDB_DEBUG_RD_CNTL.CH_ID being issued to the AxC Token FIFO.(argument type: Bool *)
Reads the data in the following registers from the Egress DB and sideband RAMS DB_EDB_DEBUG_D0, DB_EDB_DEBUG_D1, DB_EDB_DEBUG_D2, DB_EDB_DEBUG_D3, DB_EDB_DEBUG_SBDN (argument type: Bool *)
Set Read and Write Address used to access write or read Offset RAM for DB Debug
(argument type: Uint8 * arg[0] : write offset addr arg[1] : read offset addr)
Enable or Disable Egress DB channel to add or remove channel dynamically (argument type: Uint32 *)
Setup Egress DB channel to add or remove channel dynamically (argument type: CSL_Aif2DbChannel *)
Enable or Disable Global AD module dynamically (argument type: Bool *)
Enable or Disable Global AD module dynamically (argument type: Bool *)
Enable or Disable Global Ingress DIO mode dynamically (argument type: Bool *)
Enable or Disable Global Egress DIO mode dynamically (argument type: Bool *)
Change Ingress DIO table selection dynamically (use hAif2->arg_dioEngine to select dio engine. argument type: Uint8 *)
Change Ingress DIO num of AxC dynamically (use hAif2->arg_dioEngine to select dio engine. argument type: Uint8 *)
Change Ingress DIO BCN table dynamically (use hAif2->arg_dioEngine to select dio engine. argument type: Uint8 *)
Change Egress DIO table selection dynamically (use hAif2->arg_dioEngine to select dio engine. argument type: Uint8 *)
Change Egress DIO num of AxC dynamically (use hAif2->arg_dioEngine to select dio engine. argument type: Uint8 *)
Change Egress DIO BCN table dynamically (use hAif2->arg_dioEngine to select dio engine. argument type: Uint8 *)
Set Enable or disable Data trace DMA channel (argument type: Bool *)
Set Trace data base address (argument type: Uint32 *)
Set Trace side data base address (argument type: Uint32 *)
Sets the number of burst transfers before the destination address wraps back to the base address(argument type: Uint32 *)
Sets AT External Rad timer event dynamically (argument type: CSL_Aif2AtEvent *)
Sets AT Delta offset (use hAif2->arg_link to select link argument type: CSL_Aif2AtEvent *)
Sets AT Halt timer (argument type: Bool *)
Sets AT diable all events for debug purpose (argument type: Bool *)
Sets AT Arm timer (argument type: Bool *)
Sets AT Phy debug sync (argument type: Bool *)
Sets AT radt wcdma clock divider terminal count (argument type: Uint8 *)
Sets AT Rad terminal count (argument type: CSL_Aif2AtTcObj *)
Sets AT GSM Tcount (argument type: CSL_Aif2AtGsmTCount *)
Enable Eight Rad and Six DIO Events (argument type: CSL_Aif2AtEventIndex *)
Disable Eight Rad and Six DIO Events (argument type: CSL_Aif2AtEventIndex *)
Force set Eight Rad and Six DIO Events (argument type: CSL_Aif2AtEventIndex *)
EE End of interrupt vector value setup (argument type: Uint8 *)
EE VB error interrupt set or clear (use hAif2->ee_arg to select between set and clear argument type: CSL_Aif2EeAif2Int *)
EE DB interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 and EV1 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function argument type: CSL_Aif2EeDbInt *)
EE AD interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 and EV1 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function argument type: CSL_Aif2EeAdInt *)
EE CD(PKTDMA) interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function argument type: CSL_Aif2EeCdInt *)
EE SD interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 and EV1 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function argument type: CSL_Aif2EeSdInt *)
EE VC interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 and EV1 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function argument type: CSL_Aif2EeVcInt *)
EE Aif2 run control register setup (argument type: CSL_Aif2EeAif2Run *)
EE Link A interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 and EV1 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function and hAif2->arg_link to select link argument type: CSL_Aif2EeLinkAInt *)
EE Link B interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 and EV1 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function and hAif2->arg_link to select link argument type: CSL_Aif2EeLinkBInt *)
EE AT interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 and EV1 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function argument type: CSL_Aif2EeAtInt *)
EE PD common interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 and EV1 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function argument type: CSL_Aif2EePdInt *)
EE PE common interrupt set, clear, enable set or clear for EV0 and EV1 (use hAif2->ee_arg to select function argument type: CSL_Aif2EePeInt *)
| CSL_Status CSL_aif2HwSetup | ( | CSL_Aif2Handle | hAif2, |
| const CSL_Aif2Setup * | aif2Setup | ||
| ) |
This function initializes the device registers with the appropriate values provided through the HwSetup Data structure.
Usage Constraints: Both CSL_aif2Init() and CSL_aif2Open() must be called successfully in that order before CSL_aif2HwSetup() can be called. The user has to allocate space for & fill in the main setup structure appropriately before calling this function
Example:
CSL_AifHandle hAif2; CSL_Status status; CSL_Aif2HwSetup Aif2Setup; CSL_Aif2HwGlobalStup globalSetup = {?; CSL_Aif2HwCommonLinkSetup commonSetup = {?; CSL_Aif2HwLinkSetup linkSetup[0~5] = {?; Aif2Setup.globalSetup = &globalSetup; Aif2Setup.commonSetup = &commonSetup; Aif2Setup.linkSetup = &linkSetup[0~5] ; ; status = CSL_aif2HwSetup (hAif2, &Aif2Setup);
============================================================================
CSL_aif2HwSetup
Description
It configures the AIF2 instance registers as per the values passed in the hardware setup structure.
Arguments
hAif2 Handle to the AIF2 instance aif2Setup Pointer to hardware setup structure
Return Value CSL_Status
Pre Condition
Both CSL_aif2Init() and CSL_aif2Open() must be called successfully in that order before CSL_aif2HwSetup() can be called. The user has to allocate space for & fill in the main setup structure appropriately before calling this function.
Post Condition
The specified instance will be setup according to value passed.
Writes
The hardware registers of AIF2.
Example
CSL_Aif2Handle handleAif2; CSL_Aif2Obj Aif2Obj; //AIF module specific parameters CSL_Aif2Param aif2Param; // CSL status CSL_Status status; // global config for AIF2 CSL_Aif2GlobalSetup gblCfg = {…}; // Setup objects for global configuring CSL_Aif2GlobalSetup GlobalConfig; // Setup for common params CSL_Aif2CommonSetup commoncfg= {CSL_AIF2_LINK_0}; // Setup for link CSL_Aif2Setup Config = {…}; // Open handle - for use handleAif2 = CSL_aif2Open(&Aif2Obj, CSL_AIF2, &aif2Param, &status); if ((handleAif2 == NULL) || (status != CSL_SOK)) { printf ("\nError opening CSL_AIF2"); exit(1); } // Do config Config.globalSetup = &gblCfg; Config.commonSetup = &commoncfg; Config.linkSetup = &linkCfg; //Do setup CSL_aif2HwSetup(handleAif2, &Config);
| hAif2 | Pointer to the object that holds reference to the instance of AIF2 link requested after the call |
| aif2Setup | Pointer to setup structure which contains the information to program AIF2 to a useful state |
| CSL_Status CSL_aif2Init | ( | CSL_Aif2Context * | pContext | ) |
Peripheral specific initialization function.
This is the peripheral specific intialization function. This function is idempotent in that calling it many times is same as calling it once. This function initializes the CSL data structures, and doesn't touches the hardware.
Usage Constraints: This function should be called before using any of the CSL APIs in the AIF2 module.
Example:
* ... * CSL_Aif2Context Aif2Context * if (CSL_SOK != CSL_aifInit(&AifContext) { return; }
global variable definitions ============================================================================
CSL_aif2Init Description
This is the peripheral specific intialization function. This function is idempotent in that calling it many times is same as calling it once. This function initializes the CSL data structures, and doesn't touches the hardware.
Arguments
pContext Pointer to module-context. As aif2 doesn't have any context based information user is expected to pass NULL.
Return Value CSL_Status
Pre Condition
This function should be called before using any of the CSL APIs in the aif2 module.
Post Condition
The CSL for aif2 is initialized
Writes
None
Example
CSL_aif2Init(NULL); // Init CSL for aif2 module
| pContext | AIF2 specific context information |
| CSL_Aif2Handle CSL_aif2Open | ( | CSL_Aif2Obj * | paif2Obj, |
| CSL_InstNum | aif2Num, | ||
| CSL_Aif2Param * | paif2Param, | ||
| CSL_Status * | pStatus | ||
| ) |
Opens the instance of AIF2 requested.
The open call sets up the data structures for the particular instance of AIF device. The device can be re-opened anytime after it has been normally closed if so required. The handle returned by this call is input as an essential argument for rest of the APIs described for this module.
Usage Constraints: AIF must be successfully initialized via CSL_AIFInit() before calling this function. Memory for the CSL_AifObj must be allocated outside this call. This object must be retained while usage of this peripheral.
Example:
CSL_AifObj aifObj; CSL_Status status; CSL_AifParam aifParam; aifParam.linkIndex = CSL_AIF2_LINK0 ; ... hAif = CSL_aifOpen(&aifObj, CSL_AIF, &aifParam, &status);
Opens the instance of AIF2 requested.
============================================================================
CSL_aif2Open Description
The open call sets up the data structures for the particular instance of aif2 device. The device can be re-opened anytime after it has been normally closed if so required. The handle returned by this call is input as an essential argument for rest of the APIs described for this module.
Arguments
paif2LinkObj Pointer to the object that holds reference to the instance of aif2 requested after the call aif2Num Instance of aif2 to which a handle is requested paif2Param Module specific parameters pStatus pointer for returning status of the function call
Return Value CSL_aif2Handle Valid aif2 instance handle will be returned if status value is equal to CSL_SOK.
Pre Condition
aif2 must be successfully initialized via CSL_aif2Init() before calling this function. Memory for the CSL_aif2Obj must be allocated outside this call. This object must be retained while usage of this peripheral.
Post Condition
1. The status is returned in the status variable. If status returned is
2. aif2 object structure is populated
Writes
1. The status variable
Example:
// handle for link 0 CSL_aif2Handle handleaif2Link0; // link object for link 0 CSL_aif2LinkObj aif2LinkObj0; //aif2 module specific parameters CSL_aif2Param aif2Param; // CSL status CSL_Status status; aif2Param.LinkIndex = CSL_aif2_LINK_0; // Open handle for link 0 - for use handleaif2Link0 = CSL_aif2Open(&aif2LinkObj0, CSL_aif2, &aif2Param, &status); if ((handleaif2Link0 == NULL) || (status != CSL_SOK)) { printf ("\nError opening CSL_aif2"); exit(1); }
| paif2Obj | Pointer to the object that holds reference to the instance of aif2 requested after the call |
| aif2Num | Instance of aif2 to which a handle is requested |
| paif2Param | Module specific parameters; |
| pStatus | This returns the status (success/errors) of the call. Could be 'NULL' if the user does not want status information. |
| CSL_Status CSL_aif2Reset | ( | CSL_Aif2Handle | pAif2Handle | ) |
Reset whole AIF2 module.
The open reset whole AIF2 devices and MMRs The handle returned by this call is input as an essential argument for rest of the APIs described for this module.
Usage Constraints: AIF must be successfully initialized via CSL_AIF2Init(), CSL_AIF2Open() before calling this function. Memory for the CSL_Aif2Obj must be allocated outside this call. This object must be retained while usage of this peripheral.
Example:
CSL_Aif2Handle haif2; ... status = CSL_aif2Reset(haif2);
============================================================================
CSL_aif2Reset Description
Reset whole AIF2 devices and MMRs The handle returned by this call is input as an essential argument for rest of the APIs described for this module.
Arguments
pAif2Handle Pointer to the object that holds reference to the instance of AIF2 requested after the call
Return Value CSL_Status Valid AIF2 status will be returned if status value is equal to CSL_SOK.
Pre Condition
AIF2 must be successfully initialized via CSL_AIF2Init(), CSL_AIF2Open() before calling this function. Memory for the CSL_Aif2Obj must be allocated outside this call. This object must be retained while usage of this peripheral.
Post Condition
1. The status is returned in the status variable. If status returned is
Writes
AIF2_AIF2_RESET_SW_RST
Example:
//aif2 handle CSL_Aif2Handle hAif2; // CSL status CSL_Status status; //Reset handle - for use status = CSL_aif2Reset(hAif2); if (status != CSL_SOK) { printf ("\nError resetting CSL_AIF2"); exit(1); }
| pAif2Handle | Pointer to the object that holds reference to the instance of AIF2 requested after the call |


Before Change
image = image.copy()
image_shape = self._get_image_shape(image)
shape = _get_shape(shape)
origin = _get_origin(shape, origin)
right_bottom = (min(origin[0] + shape[0], image_shape[0]),
min(origin[1] + shape[1], image_shape[1]))
image[origin[0]:right_bottom[0], origin[1]:right_bottom[1]] = color
return image
After Change
image = image.copy()
shape = (shape, shape) if isinstance(shape, Number) else shape
origin = self._calc_origin(shape, origin, self._get_image_shape(image))
image.paste(PIL.Image.new("RGB", shape, color), tuple(origin))
return image
def _assemble_patches(self, patches, *args, dst, **kwargs):


Orphanage's tall order as it helps care for abandoned baby giraffe
This baby giraffe is recovering at a rhino orphanage in South Africa after being abandoned by this mother.
He was taken in aged just two days old after being found in a comatose state.
"He was very weak, his mother had left him alone, so we had to put him onto IV fluids and yes he is doing a lot better now," said the orphanage's caretaker, Janie Van Heerden. "We feed him milk, he is trying to eat leaves, he is starting to try and he's doing a lot better. Possibly soon he will be able to go home."
The giraffe, named Jazz, is recovering under the watchful eye of a dog called Hunter.