The Form class puts HTML forms into an object-oriented context. It operates on three levels of abstraction: forms, fields, and options. It also adds the functionality of input validation, either through regular expressions or callback functions.
The example below will showcase most of the main functionality.


Reproduced with permission of the authors. Copyright 2012 Marty Stepp, Jessica Miller, and Victoria Kirst. All rights reserved. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without written permission.
URL?name=value&name=value...
http://www.google.com/search?q=Obama http://example.com/student_login.php?username=lee&id=1234567
username
has value lee
, and sid
has value 1234567
$_GET
,
$_POST
$user_name = $_GET["username"]; $id_number = (int) $_GET["id"]; $eats_meat = FALSE; if (isset($_GET["meat"])) { $eats_meat = TRUE; }
$_GET["parameter name"]
or $_POST["parameter name"]
returns a GET/POST parameter's value as a string
http://....?name=value&name=value
are GET parametersisset
<form>
<form action="destination URL"> form controls </form>
action
attribute gives the URL of the page that will process this form's dataaction
's URL
<form action="http://www.google.com/search">
 Let's search Google: <input name="q" /> <input type="submit" />
 </form>
div
<input>

<input type="text" name="q" value="Colbert Report" />
<input type="submit" value="Booyah!" />
input
element is used to create many UI controls
name
attribute specifies name of query parameter to pass to servertype
can be button
, checkbox
, file
, hidden
, password
, radio
, reset
, submit
, text
, ...value
attribute specifies control's initial text<input>
<input type="text" size="10" maxlength="8" /> NetID
 <input type="password" size="16" /> Password <input type="submit" value="Log In" />
input
attributes: disabled
, maxlength
, readonly
, size
, value
size
attribute controls onscreen width of text fieldmaxlength
limits how many characters user is able to type into field<textarea>
a multi-line text input area (inline)
<textarea rows="4" cols="20"> Type your comments here. </textarea>
textarea
tag (optional)rows
and cols
attributes specify height/width in charactersreadonly
attribute means text cannot be modified<input>
yes/no choices that can be checked and unchecked (inline)
<input type="checkbox" name="lettuce" /> Lettuce <input type="checkbox" name="tomato" checked="checked" /> Tomato <input type="checkbox" name="pickles" checked="checked" /> Pickles
on
:
http://domain_name/params.php?tomato=on&pickles=on
checked="checked"
attribute in HTML to initially check the box<input>
sets of mutually exclusive choices (inline)
<input type="radio" name="cc" value="visa" checked="checked" /> Visa <input type="radio" name="cc" value="mastercard" /> MasterCard <input type="radio" name="cc" value="amex" /> American Express
name
attribute (only one can be checked at a time)value
for each one or else it will be sent as value on

<input type="radio" name="cc" value="visa" checked="checked" /> Visa <input type="radio" name="cc" value="mastercard" /> MasterCard <input type="radio" name="cc" value="amex" /> American Express
label
element can be targeted by CSS style rules<select>
,
<option>
menus of choices that collapse and expand (inline)
<select name="favoritecharacter"> <option>Jerry</option> <option>George</option> <option selected="selected">Kramer</option> <option>Elaine</option> </select>
option
element represents each choiceselect
optional attributes: disabled
, multiple
, size
selected
attribute sets which one is initially chosen<select>
for lists<select name="favoritecharacter[]" size="3" multiple="multiple"> <option>Jerry</option> <option>George</option> <option>Kramer</option> <option>Elaine</option> <option selected="selected">Newman</option> </select>
multiple
attribute allows selecting multiple items with shift- or ctrl-click
[]
if you allow multiple selections
option
tags can be set to be initially selected
<optgroup>
<select name="favoritecharacter"> <optgroup label="Major Characters"> <option>Jerry</option> <option>George</option> <option>Kramer</option> <option>Elaine</option> </optgroup> <optgroup label="Minor Characters"> <option>Newman</option> <option>Susan</option> </optgroup> </select>
Name: <input type="text" name="name" />
 Food: <input type="text" name="meal" value="pizza" />
 Meat? <input type="checkbox" name="meat" />
 <input type="reset" />
value
attributeI changed the form's HTML code ... but when I refresh, the page doesn't update!
<input type="text" name="username" /> Name
 <input type="text" name="sid" /> SID
 <input type="hidden" name="school" value="HYU" /> <input type="hidden" name="year" value="2048" />
<fieldset>
,
<legend>
groups of input fields with optional caption (block)
<fieldset> <legend>Credit cards:</legend> <input type="radio" name="cc" value="visa" checked="checked" /> Visa <input type="radio" name="cc" value="mastercard" /> MasterCard <input type="radio" name="cc" value="amex" /> American Express </fieldset>
fieldset
groups related input fields, adds a border; legend
supplies a captionelement[attribute="value"] { property : value; property : value; ... property : value; }
input[type="text"] { background-color: yellow; font-weight: bold; }
input
)<input type="radio" name="cc" /> Visa <input type="radio" name="cc" /> MasterCard
 Favorite Star Trek captain: <select name="startrek"> <option>James T. Kirk</option> <option>Jean-Luc Picard</option> </select>

[cc] => on, [startrek] => Jean-Luc Picard
value
attribute<input type="radio" name="cc" value="visa" /> Visa <input type="radio" name="cc" value="mastercard" /> MasterCard
 Favorite Star Trek captain: <select name="startrek"> <option value="kirk">James T. Kirk</option> <option value="picard">Jean-Luc Picard</option> </select>

value
attribute sets what will be submitted if a control is selected[cc] => visa, [startrek] => picard
" "
, "/"
, "="
, "&"
"Scott's cool!?"
→ "Scott%27s+cool%3F%21"
$_GET
and $_POST
arrays automatically decode themGET
vs. POST
requests
GET
: asks a server for a page or data
POST
: submits data to a web server and retrieves the server's response
POST
request is more appropriate than a GET
GET
requests embed their parameters in their URLs<form action="http://foo.com/app.php" method="post">
 Name: <input type="text" name="name" />
 Food: <input type="text" name="meal" />
 Meat? <input type="checkbox" name="meat" />
 <input type="submit" />
 </form>
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "GET") { # process a GET request ... } elseif ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") { # process a POST request ... }
$_SERVER
array's "REQUEST_METHOD"
element| Array | Description |
|---|---|
$_GET ,
$_POST
|
parameters passed to GET and POST requests |
$_FILES
|
files uploaded with the web request |
$_SESSION ,
$_COOKIE
|
"cookies" used to identify the user (seen later) |
$_SERVER ,
$_ENV
|
information about the web server |
$blackbook = array(); $blackbook["scott"] = "031-400-5238"; $blackbook["jaejin"] = "031-400-4754"; ... print "Scott's number is " . $blackbook["scott"] . ".\n";
"scott"
maps to value "031-400-5238"
print "Scott's number is {$blackbook['scott']}.\n";
<form action="resources/params.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> Upload an image as your avatar: <input type="file" name="avatar" /> <input type="submit" /> </form>
input
tag with type
of file
enctype
attribute of the formpost
(an entire file can't be put into a URL!)enctype
(data encoding type) must be set to multipart/form-data
or else the file will not arrive at the server$_FILES
, not $_POST
$_FILES
is itself an associative array, containing:
name
: the local filename that the user uploadedtype
: the MIME type of data that was uploaded, such as image/jpeg
size
: file's size in bytestmp_name
: a filename where PHP has temporarily saved the uploaded file
<input type="file" name="avatar" />
borat.jpg
as a parameter named avatar
,
$_FILES["avatar"]["name"]
will be "borat.jpg"
$_FILES["avatar"]["type"]
will be "image/jpeg"
$_FILES["avatar"]["tmp_name"]
will be something like "/var/tmp/phpZtR4TI"
$username = $_POST["username"]; if (is_uploaded_file($_FILES["avatar"]["tmp_name"])) { move_uploaded_file($_FILES["avatar"]["tmp_name"], "$username/avatar.jpg"); print "Saved uploaded file as $username/avatar.jpg\n"; } else { print "Error: required file not uploaded"; }
is_uploaded_file(filename)
TRUE
if the given filename was uploaded by the user
move_uploaded_file(from, to)
is_uploaded_file
, then do move_uploaded_file
include
include("filename");
include("header.php"); include("shared-code.php");
$name = array(); $name["key"] = value; ... $name["key"] = value;
$name = array(key => value, ..., key => value);
$blackbook = array("scott" => "031-400-5238", "jaejin" => "031-400-4754", "cathy" => "031-400-7777");
print_r($blackbook);
Array ( [scott] =><PHONE_NUMBER> [jaejin] =><PHONE_NUMBER> [cathy] =><PHONE_NUMBER> )
if (isset($blackbook["scott"])) { print "Scott's phone number is {$blackbook['scott']}\n"; } else { print "No phone number found for Scott Lee.\n"; }
| name(s) | category |
|---|---|
isset , array_key_exists
|
whether the array contains value for given key |
array_keys , array_values
|
an array containing all keys or all values in the assoc.array |
asort , arsort
|
sorts by value, in normal or reverse order |
ksort , krsort
|
sorts by key, in normal or reverse order |
foreach
loop and associative arraysforeach ($blackbook as $key => $value) { print "$key's phone number is $value\n"; }
scott's phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER> jaejin's phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER> cathy's phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>
Validation can be performed:
<form action="http://foo.com/foo.php" method="get">
 City: <input name="city" />
 State: <input name="state" size="2" maxlength="2" />
 ZIP: <input name="zip" size="5" maxlength="5" />
 <input type="submit" />
 </form>
htmlspecialchars
function
htmlspecialchars
|
returns an HTML-escaped version of a string |
$text = "
hi 2 u & me
";
$text = htmlspecialchars($text); # "
hi 2 u & me
"
$city = $_POST["city"]; $state = $_POST["state"]; $zip = $_POST["zip"]; if (!$city || strlen($state) != 2 || strlen($zip) != 5) { print "Error, invalid city/state/zip submitted."; }
/^[a-zA-Z_\-]+@(([a-zA-Z_\-])+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,4}$/
Scanner
, String
's split
method/abc/
/
"abc"
:
"abc"
,
"abcdef"
,
"defabc"
,
".=.abc.=."
,
...
"fedcba"
,
"ab c"
,
"PHP"
,
...
.
.
matches any character except a \n
line break
/.oo.y/
matches
"Doocy"
,
"goofy"
,
"LooNy"
,
...
i
at the end of a regex (after the closing /
) signifies a case-insensitive match
/mart/i
matches
"Marty Stepp"
,
"smart fellow"
,
"WALMART"
,
...
|
, ()
, \
|
means OR
/abc|def|g/
matches "abc"
, "def"
, or "g"
()
are for grouping
/(Homer|Marge) Simpson/
matches "Homer Simpson"
or "Marge Simpson"
\
starts an escape sequence
/ \ $ . [ ] ( ) ^ * + ?
/
/
matches lines containing

tags*
, +
, ?
*
means 0 or more occurrences
/abc*/
matches "ab"
, "abc"
, "abcc"
, "abccc"
, .../a(bc)*/
matches "a"
, "abc"
, "abcbc"
, "abcbcbc"
, .../a.*a/
matches "aa"
, "aba"
, "a8qa"
, "a!?xyz__9a"
, ...+
means 1 or more occurrences
/a(bc)+/
matches "abc"
, "abcbc"
, "abcbcbc"
, .../Goo+gle/
matches "Google"
, "Gooogle"
, "Goooogle"
, ...?
means 0 or 1 occurrences
/a(bc)?/
matches "a"
or "abc"
{min,max}
{min,max}
means between min and max occurrences (inclusive)
/a(bc){2,4}/
matches "abcbc"
, "abcbcbc"
, or "abcbcbcbc"
{2,}
means 2 or more{,6}
means up to 6{3}
means exactly 3^
and $
^
represents the beginning of the string or line; $
represents the end
/Jess/
matches all strings that contain Jess
; /^Jess/
matches all strings that start with Jess
; /Jess$/
matches all strings that end with Jess
; /^Jess$/
matches the exact string "Jess"
only
/^Mart.*Stepp$/
matches "MartStepp"
, "Marty Stepp"
, "Martin D Stepp"
, ... "Marty Stepp stinks"
or "I H8 Martin Stepp"
/PATTERN/
matches "text"
, we really mean that it matches any string that contains that text)
[]
[]
group characters into a character set; will match any single character from the set
/[bcd]art/
matches strings containing "bart"
, "cart"
, and "dart"
/(b|c|d)art/
but shorter[]
, many of the modifier keys act as normal characters
/what[!*?]*/
matches "what"
, "what!"
, "what?**!"
, "what??!"
, .../[ACGT]+/
[start-end]
-
/[a-z]/
matches any lowercase letter/[a-zA-Z0-9]/
matches any lower- or uppercase letter or digit^
inside a character set negates it
/[^abcd]/
matches any character other than a, b, c, or d-
must be escaped to be matched
/[+\-]?[0-9]+/
matches an optional +
or -
, followed by at least one digit/[ABCDF][+\-]?/
\d
matches any digit (same as [0-9]
);
\D
any non-digit ([^0-9]
)
\w
matches any word character(same as
[a-zA-Z_0-9]
);
\W
any non-word char
\s
matches any whitespace character ( , \t
, \n
, etc.);
\S
any non-whitespace
/\$\d{3,}\.\d{2}/
/
, such as "/[AEIOU]+/"
| function | description |
|---|---|
preg_match(regex, string)
|
returns TRUE if string matches regex
|
preg_replace(regex, replacement, string)
|
returns a new string with all substrings that match regex replaced by replacement |
preg_split(regex, string)
|
returns an array of strings from given string broken apart using given regex as delimiter (like explode but more powerful)
|
$state = $_POST["state"]; if (!preg_match("/^[A-Z]{2}$/", $state)) { print "Error, invalid state submitted."; }
preg_match
and regexes help you to validate parameters# replace vowels with stars $str = "the quick brown fox"; $str = preg_replace("/[aeiou]/", "*", $str); # "th* q**ck br*wn f*x" # break apart into words $words = preg_split("/[ ]+/", $str); # ("th*", "q**ck", "br*wn", "f*x") # capitalize words that had 2+ consecutive vowels for ($i = 0; $i < count($words); $i++) { if (preg_match("/\*{2,}/", $words[$i])) { $words[$i] = strtoupper($words[$i]); } } # ("th*", "Q**CK", "br*wn", "f*x")


--- layout: post title: Fireflies, a Processing Sketch comments: true ---
I like photography with color way more than black and white, but I tend to do Processing in monotone. Here's some color though.


--- layout: post title: no title date: '2014-10-10T07:30:16+02:00' categories: - Character picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/99641061036 ---


@Documented @Retention(value=RUNTIME) @Target(value=TYPE) public @interface EqualsAndHashCode
equals()
and hashCode()
methods.
It allows you to write classes in this shortened form:
import groovy.transform.EqualsAndHashCode
@EqualsAndHashCode
class Person {
String first, last
int age
}
def p1 = new Person(first:'John', last:'Smith', age:21)
def p2 = new Person(first:'John', last:'Smith', age:21)
assert p1 == p2
def map = [:]
map[p1] = 45
assert map[p2] == 45
The @EqualsAndHashCode
annotation instructs the compiler to execute an
AST transformation which adds the necessary equals and hashCode methods to the class.
The hashCode()
method is calculated using Groovy's HashCodeHelper
class
which implements an algorithm similar to the one outlined in the book Effective Java.
The equals()
method compares the values of the individual properties (and optionally fields)
of the class. It can also optionally call equals on the super class. Two different equals method
implementations are supported both of which support the equals contract outlined in the javadoc
for java.lang.Object
To illustrate the 'canEqual' implementation style (see http://www.artima.com/lejava/articles/equality.html for further details), consider this class:
@EqualsAndHashCode
class IntPair {
int x, y
}
The generated equals
and canEqual
methods will be something like below:
public boolean equals(java.lang.Object other) if (other == null) return false if (this.is(other)) return true if (!(other instanceof IntPair)) return false if (!other.canEqual(this)) return false if (x != other.x) return false if (y != other.y) return false return true } public boolean canEqual(java.lang.Object other) { return other instanceof IntPair }If no further options are specified, this is the default style for
@Canonical
and
@EqualsAndHashCode
annotated classes. The advantage of this style is that it allows inheritance
to be used in limited cases where its purpose is for overriding implementation details rather than
creating a derived type with different behavior. This is useful when using JPA Proxies for example or
as shown in the following examples:
Note that if you create any domain classes which don't have exactly the same contract as@Canonical
class IntPair { int x, y } def p1 = new IntPair(1, 2) // overridden getter but deemed an IntPair as far as domain is concerned def p2 = new IntPair(1, 1) { int getY() { 2 } } // additional helper method added through inheritance but // deemed an IntPair as far as our domain is concerned@InheritConstructors
class IntPairWithSum extends IntPair { def sum() { x + y } } def p3 = new IntPairWithSum(1, 2) assert p1 == p2 && p2 == p1 assert p1 == p3 && p3 == p1 assert p3 == p2 && p2 == p3
IntPair
then you should provide an appropriate
equals
and canEqual
method. The easiest way to
achieve this would be to use the @Canonical
or
@EqualsAndHashCode
annotations as shown below:
The alternative supported style regards any kind of inheritance as creation of a new type and is illustrated in the following example:@EqualsAndHashCode
@TupleConstructor(includeSuperProperties=true)
class IntTriple extends IntPair { int z } def t1 = new IntTriple(1, 2, 3) assert p1 != t1 && p2 != t1 && t1 != p3
@EqualsAndHashCode(useCanEqual=false)
class IntPair {
int x, y
}
The generated equals method will be something like below:
public boolean equals(java.lang.Object other) if (other == null) return false if (this.is(other)) return true if (IntPair != other.getClass()) return false if (x != other.x) return false if (y != other.y) return false return true }This style is appropriate for final classes (where inheritance is not allowed) which have only
java.lang.Object
as a super class.
Most @Immutable
classes fall in to this category. For such classes,
there is no need to introduce the canEqual()
method.
Note that if you explicitly set useCanEqual=false
for child nodes
in a class hierarchy but have it true
for parent nodes and you
also have callSuper=true
in the child, then your generated
equals methods will not strictly follow the equals contract.
Note that when used in the recommended fashion, the two implementations supported adhere
to the equals contract. You can provide your own equivalence relationships if you need,
e.g. for comparing instances of the IntPair
and IntTriple
classes
discussed earlier, you could provide the following method in IntPair
:
boolean hasEqualXY(other) { other.x == getX() && other.y == getY() }Then for the objects defined earlier, the following would be true:
assert p1.hasEqualXY(t1) && t1.hasEqualXY(p1) assert p2.hasEqualXY(t1) && t1.hasEqualXY(p2) assert p3.hasEqualXY(t1) && t1.hasEqualXY(p3)There is also support for including or excluding fields/properties by name when constructing the equals and hashCode methods as shown here:
import groovy.transform.*Note:@EqualsAndHashCode
(excludes="z")@TupleConstructor
public class Point2D { int x, y, z } assert new Point2D(1, 1, 1).equals(new Point2D(1, 1, 2)) assert !new Point2D(1, 1, 1).equals(new Point2D(2, 1, 1))@EqualsAndHashCode
(excludes=["y", "z"])@TupleConstructor
public class Point2D { int x, y, z } assert new Point1D(1, 1, 1).equals(new Point1D(1, 1, 2)) assert new Point1D(1, 1, 1).equals(new Point1D(1, 2, 1)) assert !new Point1D(1, 1, 1).equals(new Point1D(2, 1, 1))
@EqualsAndHashCode
is a transform to help reduce boilerplate
in the common cases. It provides a useful implementation of equals()
and hashCode()
but not necessarily the most appropriate or
efficient one for every use case. You should write custom versions if your
scenario demands it. In particular, if you have
mutually-referential classes, the implementations provided may not be suitable
and may recurse infinitely (leading to a StackOverflowError
). In such cases,
you need to remove the infinite loop from your data structures or write your own custom methods.
If your data structures are self-referencing, the code generated by this transform will try to avoid
infinite recursion but the algorithm used may not suit your scenario, so use with caution if
you have such structures.
A future version of this transform may better handle some additional recursive scenarios.HashCodeHelper
| Modifier and Type | Optional Element and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
cache
Whether to cache hashCode calculations.
|
boolean |
callSuper
Whether to include super in equals and hashCode calculations.
|
String[] |
excludes
List of field and/or property names to exclude from the equals and hashCode calculations.
|
boolean |
includeFields
Include fields as well as properties in equals and hashCode calculations.
|
String[] |
includes
List of field and/or property names to include within the equals and hashCode calculations.
|
boolean |
useCanEqual
Generate a canEqual method to be used by equals.
|
public abstract String[] excludes
public abstract String[] includes
public abstract boolean cache
public abstract boolean callSuper
public abstract boolean includeFields
public abstract boolean useCanEqual


NLP 2016 Senior presentations
Posted: 2016-05-14 , Modified: 2016-05-14
Tags: nlp
Posted: 2016-05-14 , Modified: 2016-05-14
Tags: nlp
NLP group meeting 5-14-16
Longitudinal, with 5000 documents per person spanning years, with data from private correspondences (more unfiltered). Use presidential letters from Adams, Jefferson, and Washington.
Use Harvard Inquirer Categories which puts words in categories (ex. “strong” contains audacity, battle, wealthy, charisma, clever, climax, further). These are hand-crafted categories. There are 200 categories; number of words vary. Words can appear in multiple categories.
Start with a specific event and analyze the way they respond. For example, use Washington’s early campaigns from the French and Indian War. Find keywords and phrases relating specifically to the event. Use these keywords to find other letters in the same category.
Differentiate between attitude in these letters and overall attitude by the difference of means statistical test. There were differences in overstatement, negative, understtement, vice, and arousal (negative).
In the early French and Indian War, Washington had limited resources, Americans would desert, etc.
Use Lasswell categories for general event analysis:
Use a Bayesian classifier for all letters. Put in the category that it correlates with the most, provided it’s at least a certain threshold.
Washington and Adams react to power loss differently. For example, Washington was more active and passive, and both understated and overstated more.
Vice put together with self-pronouns means self-doubt.
The goal was to find an interesting way to measure the resilience of a president in the face of tough events. I found some metrics which yielded useful, informative results.
Another example: Adams was pessimistic and powerless about not being able to go home; Jefferson was closely involved with the education of his kids.
How to use this? Facebook posts, emails (Clinton, Enron, Wikileaks). Panama papers?
Goal: create a system for machine comprehension. Previous work focused on reading questions for young children (MCTest), with very low accuracy on “why” questions. Most of these are “bag of words” models.
But we want to capture semantic and structural information. We use SAT questions, which are longer and more complex, and answering requires understanding deeper information about the context. They use different words, “angry” vs. “incensed”, etc.
We use a knowledge graph, consist of entities and relations \(\an{e_1,r,e_2}\). Entities are nodes, and relations are directed edges. We can ask queries \(\an{e_1,?,e_2},\an{e_1,r,?}\).
(Google’s knowledge graph is FreeBase, 300GB. Nell at Carnegie Mellon is trained to extract triples from the Internet.)
We focus on Subject-Verb-Direct object (ex. dog likes sausage) or copular relations (subject and description, ex. dog is green).
We used Stanford high-dependency parser. We can do pronoun-antecedent resolutions as well.
Represent the knowledge graph as a 3-D array where each \(X_k\) is the adjacency matrix for relation type \(k\). Approach: find rank \(r\) approximation \[X_k\approx AR_kA^T,\] (\(n\times r, r\times r\), \(n\) is the number of entities) for latent features. Use alternating least squares, semantically smoth embedding. Answer questions using factorization. (The slices are dependent because the \(A\) is shared.)
Stories about a character make one of the slices dense; explanatory articles are a lot sparser. Most tensors are sparse.
(Each slice is factorized separately? Use Rescal.)
Use neural network to predict answers. Embed the tensor and vectorized query \(q\) as inputs. Train the network to recognize what information is relevant, and output an answer choice.
Tensor model trains independently, while the NN needs to be trained on 2/3 of the questions. Tensor model is consistent but with low ceiling.
The tensor model completes a triple rather than just give an answer choice.
Can we use a mathematical approach to constructing the WordNet graph?
Current automated methods include merging or extending. Use multi-language translations (French WordNet), scrape Wiktionary, or use rule-based/automatic methods.
Use word embeddings. Optimize the squared norm objective \[\min_{v\in \R^d, C\in \R} \sum_{(i,j)\in [V]^2} f(X_{ij}) (\ve{v_w+v_j}_2^2 + C-\log X_{ij})^2.\] (Distributional assumption.) Word vectors have been used in solving analogies, named-entity recognition, and word similarity.
Use the discourse model: a corpus is generated by a random walk over the discourse space \(\R^d\).
Arora et al. used a learned dictionary of atoms to find representation of the meanings of a word \(w\in V\) with a dictionary \(A\in \R^{K\times d}\) and sparsity constraint \(s\):
Consider hypernyms.
This fails on real datasets because of word-relation sparsity and similar relations problem (problems discerning hypernyms and cohypernyms).
There is a spatial distinction between hyponym-hypernym and random pairs, but not between hyponym-hypernym and co-hypernym (sharing the same hypernym) pairs.
We can link to synsets in the Princeton WordNet.
Given \(w\) in a foreign language to synsets in the Princeton WordNet,
Ex. The word “container” doesn’t exist in Dutch. (cf. Hofstadter, Surfaces and Essences.)


Complete choropleth dev. workflow in R (Part 4)
Part 4 of Complete choropleth dev. workflow in R
Complete choropleth dev. workflow in R (Part 3)
Part 3 of Complete choropleth dev. workflow in R
Complete choropleth dev. workflow in R (Part 2)
Part 2 of Complete choropleth dev. workflow in R
Complete choropleth dev. workflow in R (Part 1)
Part 1 of Complete choropleth dev. workflow in R


| Opcode/Instruction | Op/En | 64/32-bit Mode | CPUID Feature Flag | Description |
| 0F 6F /r MOVQ mm, mm/m64 | RM | V/V | MMX | Move quadword from mm/m64 to mm. |
| 0F 7F /r MOVQ mm/m64, mm | MR | V/V | MMX | Move quadword from mm to mm/m64. |
| F3 0F 7E /r MOVQ xmm1, xmm2/m64 | RM | V/V | SSE2 | Move quadword from xmm2/mem64 to xmm1. |
| VEX.128.F3.0F.WIG 7E /r VMOVQ xmm1, xmm2 | RM | V/V | AVX | Move quadword from xmm2 to xmm1. |
| VEX.128.F3.0F.WIG 7E /r VMOVQ xmm1, m64 | RM | V/V | AVX | Load quadword from m64 to xmm1. |
| 66 0F D6 /r MOVQ xmm2/m64, xmm1 | MR | V/V | SSE2 | Move quadword from xmm1 to xmm2/mem64. |
| VEX.128.66.0F.WIG D6 /r VMOVQ xmm1/m64, xmm2 | MR | V/V | AVX | Move quadword from xmm2 register to xmm1/m64. |
| Op/En | Operand 1 | Operand 2 | Operand 3 | Operand 4 |
| RM | ModRM:reg (w) | ModRM:r/m (r) | NA | NA |
| MR | ModRM:r/m (w) | ModRM:reg (r) | NA | NA |
Copies a quadword from the source operand (second operand) to the destination operand (first operand). The source and destination operands can be MMX technology registers, XMM registers, or 64-bit memory locations. This instruction can be used to move a quadword between two MMX technology registers or between an MMX technology register and a 64-bit memory location, or to move data between two XMM registers or between an XMM register and a 64-bit memory location. The instruction cannot be used to transfer data between memory locations.
When the source operand is an XMM register, the low quadword is moved; when the destination operand is an XMM register, the quadword is stored to the low quadword of the register, and the high quadword is cleared to all 0s.
In 64-bit mode, use of the REX prefix in the form of REX.R permits this instruction to access additional registers (XMM8-XMM15). Note: In VEX.128.66.0F D6 instruction version, VEX.vvvv and VEX.L=1 are reserved and the former must be 1111b otherwise instructions will #UD. Note: In VEX.128.F3.0F 7E version, VEX.vvvv and VEX.L=1 are reserved and the former must be 1111b, otherwise instructions will #UD.
MOVQ instruction when operating on MMX technology registers and memory locations: DEST ← SRC; MOVQ instruction when source and destination operands are XMM registers: DEST[63:0] ← SRC[63:0]; DEST[127:64] ←<PHONE_NUMBER>000000H; MOVQ instruction when source operand is XMM register and destination operand is memory location: DEST ← SRC[63:0]; MOVQ instruction when source operand is memory location and destination operand is XMM register: DEST[63:0] ← SRC; DEST[127:64] ←<PHONE_NUMBER>000000H; VMOVQ (VEX.NDS.128.F3.0F 7E) with XMM register source and destination: DEST[63:0] ← SRC[63:0] DEST[VLMAX-1:64] ← 0 VMOVQ (VEX.128.66.0F D6) with XMM register source and destination: DEST[63:0] ← SRC[63:0] DEST[VLMAX-1:64] ← 0 VMOVQ (7E) with memory source: DEST[63:0] ← SRC[63:0] DEST[VLMAX-1:64] ← 0 VMOVQ (D6) with memory dest: DEST[63:0] ← SRC2[63:0]
None.
| MOVQ: | m128i _mm_mov_epi64(__m128i a) |
None.
See Table 22-8, “Exception Conditions for Legacy SIMD/MMX Instructions without FP Exception,” in the Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual, Volume 3B.


Visualizing Linear Regression with Shiny
For my econometrics course this semester, I have been using R
to help students visualize linear regression models. Running a regression in R
is quite simple, as is intepretting the results, with a little bit of training. However, I emphasize that I want students to understand what is happening “inside the black box” of regression. I discourage blindly trusting R
’s opaquely simple input and output, and get students to learn what R
is doing under the hood, even if they will never have to manually estimate the model themselves.
Brief Econometrics Review Incoming:
Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression simply chooses the intercept (\(\hat{\beta_0}\)) and slope (\(\hat{\beta_1}\)) parameters for the equation of a line that best fits the data: \[\hat{Y_i}=\hat{\beta_0}+\hat{\beta_1}X_i\]
by trying to minimize the Sum of Squared Errors (SSE). The error \(\epsilon\) (or residual) of an observation is defined as the difference between the actual value of \(Y\) observed in the data associated with a given value of \(X\), and the predicted value, \(\hat{Y}\) given \(X\):
\[\hat{\epsilon}=Y_i-\hat{Y_i}\]
So what OLS does is minimize the sum of the squared errors:
\[\min \sum^n_{i=1} \hat{\epsilon_i}^2\]
This is a calculus problem that is solvable, if tedious. But at least it should be intuitive to understand what OLS does.
Visualizing with Shiny
Beyond grinding students down with pure theory, I wrote an interactive Shiny App with R
that demonstrates this process to choosing the optimal slope and intercept.
With this example, I have a randomly-generated set of data (within specific parameters, to keep the graph scaled properly). I then allow users to choose a slope and intercept with sliders, to move the line accordingly. The graph also displays all of the errors as dashed red lines. Moving the slope or the intercept too much causes the generated line to create much larger errors. The graph also calculates the SSE (which again, OLS minimizes), in addition to the standard error of the regression (SER), which calculates the average size of the error.
I would have loved to be able to graph the square of the errors, and display them, to show that OLS minimizes the area of those squares, if drawn. However, I was unable to figure out how to draw a square from each data point and the regression line (for squared error)| instead of a mere dashed line (for error).
I love Shiny and have only begun to fully understand how it works and the benefits of its application. I have already coded several other models for intuitive visualization that I may post about later, namely a Calculus of Consent model of the optimal voting rule in public choice, and ambitiously, the consumer’s constrained optimization problem in intermediate microeconomics. Using sliders in shiny allow me to demonstrate the marginal effects of each parameter change on a model’s predicted outcome far better than just me proving several theoretical examples by way of equations. Students can instead see the change in real time.


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Yes, Sirepo lets you export everything you need for command-line execution, including a valid Python script, so you can do exactly what you executed on the Sirepo server. Simply use these exported files in "expert mode" on our Jupyter Server, where all codes are pre-installed. Similarly, you can import command line files into the Sirepo GUI.


Class links.Network
Links Network is an interactive chart to visualize networks. It allows creating nodes, links between the nodes, and interactive packages moving between nodes. The visualization supports custom styles, colors, sizes, images, and more.
The network visualization works smooth on any modern browser for up to a few hundred nodes and connections.
Network is developed as a Google Visualization Chart in javascript. There is a GWT wrapper available to use the Network in GWT (Google Web Toolkit). It runs on all modern browsers without additional requirements. Network is tested on Firefox 3.6+, Safari 5.0+, Chrome 6.0+, Opera 10.6+, Internet Explorer 9+.
Usage:
var nodesTable = new google.visualization.DataTable();
nodesTable.addColumn('number', 'id');
nodesTable.addColumn('string', 'text');
nodesTable.addRow([1, "Node 1"]);
nodesTable.addRow([2, "Node 2"]);
// ...
var linksTable = new google.visualization.DataTable();
linksTable.addColumn('number', 'from');
linksTable.addColumn('number', 'to');
linksTable.addRow([1, 2]);
var packageTable = undefined;
var network = new links.Network(document.getElementById('network'));
network.draw(nodesTable, linksTable, packagesTable, options);
Defined in: network.js.
| Constructor Attributes | Constructor Name and Description |
|---|---|
|
links.Network(container)
|
| Method Attributes | Method Name and Description |
|---|---|
| <static> |
links.Network.addEventListener(element, action, listener, useCapture)
Add and event listener.
|
|
addLinks(linksTable)
Load links by reading the data table
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
|
|
|
addNodes(nodesTable)
Append nodes
Nodes with a duplicate id will be replaced
|
|
|
addPackages(packagesTable)
Append packages
Packages with a duplicate id will be replaced
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
|
|
|
Start animation.
|
|
|
Start animation.
|
|
|
draw(nodes, links, packages, options)
Main drawing logic.
|
|
|
retrieve the currently selected nodes
|
|
| <static> |
links.Network.isArray(obj)
Check if given object is a Javascript Array
|
|
isMoving(vmin)
Check if any of the nodes is still moving
|
|
|
onmousemove(event)
|
|
|
onmouseup(event)
|
|
|
ontouchend(event)
|
|
|
ontouchmove(event)
|
|
| <static> |
links.Network.Popup(container, x, y, text)
Popup is a class to create a popup window with some text
|
| <static> |
links.Network.preventDefault(event)
Cancels the event if it is cancelable, without stopping further propagation of the event.
|
|
redraw()
Redraw the network with the current data
chart will be resized too.
|
|
| <static> |
links.Network.removeEventListener(element, action, listener, useCapture)
Remove an event listener from an element
|
|
setAnimationAcceleration(acceleration)
Set the time acceleration for playing the history.
|
|
|
setAnimationDuration(duration)
Set the duration of playing the whole package history
Only applicable when packages with a timestamp are available
|
|
|
setAnimationFramerate(framerate)
Set framerate for the animation.
|
|
|
setLinks(linksTable)
Load links by reading the data table
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
|
|
|
setNodes(nodesTable)
Load all nodes by reading the data table nodesTable
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
|
|
|
setPackages(packagesTable)
Set a new packages table
Packages with a duplicate id will be replaced
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
|
|
|
setSelection(an)
select zero or more nodes
|
|
|
setTimestamp(timestamp)
Set the current timestamp.
|
|
|
start()
Start animating nodes, links, and packages.
|
|
|
stop()
Stop animating nodes, links, and packages.
|
|
| <static> |
links.Network.stopPropagation(event)
Stop event propagation
|
| <static> |
links.Network.tableToArray(table)
Convert a Google DataTable to a Javascript Array
|
|
trigger(event, params)
fire an event
|
Class Detail
links.Network(container)
- Parameters:
- {dom_element} container
- The DOM element in which the Network will be created. Normally a div element.
Method Detail
<static>
links.Network.addEventListener(element, action, listener, useCapture)
Add and event listener. Works for all browsers
- Parameters:
- {DOM Element} element
- An html element
- {string} action
- The action, for example "click", without the prefix "on"
- {function} listener
- The callback function to be executed
- {boolean} useCapture
addLinks(linksTable)
Load links by reading the data table
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
- Parameters:
- {google.visualization.DataTable or Array} linksTable
- The data containing the links.
addNodes(nodesTable)
Append nodes
Nodes with a duplicate id will be replaced
- Parameters:
- {google.visualization.DataTable or Array} nodesTable
- The data containing the nodes.
addPackages(packagesTable)
Append packages
Packages with a duplicate id will be replaced
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
- Parameters:
- {google.visualization.DataTable or Array} packagesTable
- The data containing the packages.
animationStart()
Start animation.
Only applicable when packages with a timestamp are available
animationStop()
Start animation.
Only applicable when packages with a timestamp are available
draw(nodes, links, packages, options)
Main drawing logic. This is the function that needs to be called
in the html page, to draw the Network.
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
A data table with the events must be provided, and an options table.
- Parameters:
- {DataTable or Array} nodes
- The data containing the nodes. Optional.
- {DataTable or Array} links
- The data containing the links. Optional
- {DataTable or Array} packages
- The data containing the packages Optional.
- {name/value map} options
- A name/value map containing settings
{Array with objects}
getSelection()
retrieve the currently selected nodes
- Returns:
- {Array with objects} an array with zero or more objects. Each object contains the parameter row
<static>
{Boolean}
links.Network.isArray(obj)
Check if given object is a Javascript Array
- Parameters:
- {any type} obj
- Returns:
- {Boolean} isArray true if the given object is an array
{boolean}
isMoving(vmin)
Check if any of the nodes is still moving
- Parameters:
- {number} vmin
- the minimum velocity considered as "moving"
- Returns:
- {boolean} true if moving, false if non of the nodes is moving
onmousemove(event)
- Parameters:
- event
onmouseup(event)
- Parameters:
- event
ontouchend(event)
- Parameters:
- event
ontouchmove(event)
- Parameters:
- event
<static>
links.Network.Popup(container, x, y, text)
Popup is a class to create a popup window with some text
- Parameters:
- {DOM element} container
- The container object.
- x
- y
- text
<static>
links.Network.preventDefault(event)
Cancels the event if it is cancelable, without stopping further propagation of the event.
- Parameters:
- event
redraw()
Redraw the network with the current data
chart will be resized too.
<static>
links.Network.removeEventListener(element, action, listener, useCapture)
Remove an event listener from an element
- Parameters:
- {DOM element} element
- An html dom element
- {string} action
- The name of the event, for example "mousedown"
- {function} listener
- The listener function
- {boolean} useCapture
setAnimationAcceleration(acceleration)
Set the time acceleration for playing the history.
Only applicable when packages with a timestamp are available
- Parameters:
- {number} acceleration
- Acceleration, for example 10 means play ten times as fast as real time. A value of 1 will play the history in real time.
setAnimationDuration(duration)
Set the duration of playing the whole package history
Only applicable when packages with a timestamp are available
- Parameters:
- {number} duration
- The duration in seconds
setAnimationFramerate(framerate)
Set framerate for the animation.
Only applicable when packages with a timestamp are available
- Parameters:
- {number} framerate
- The framerate in frames per second
setLinks(linksTable)
Load links by reading the data table
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
- Parameters:
- {google.visualization.DataTable or Array} linksTable
- The data containing the links.
setNodes(nodesTable)
Load all nodes by reading the data table nodesTable
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
- Parameters:
- {google.visualization.DataTable or Array} nodesTable
- The data containing the nodes.
setPackages(packagesTable)
Set a new packages table
Packages with a duplicate id will be replaced
Note that Object DataTable is defined in google.visualization.DataTable
- Parameters:
- {google.visualization.DataTable or Array} packagesTable
- The data containing the packages.
setSelection(an)
select zero or more nodes
- Parameters:
- {Array with objects} an
- array with zero or more objects. Each object contains the parameter row
setTimestamp(timestamp)
Set the current timestamp. All packages with a timestamp smaller or equal
than the given timestamp will be drawn.
- Parameters:
- {Date or number} timestamp
start()
Start animating nodes, links, and packages.
stop()
Stop animating nodes, links, and packages.
<static>
links.Network.stopPropagation(event)
Stop event propagation
- Parameters:
- event
<static>
{Array}
links.Network.tableToArray(table)
Convert a Google DataTable to a Javascript Array
- Parameters:
- {google.visualization.DataTable} table
- Returns:
- {Array} array
trigger(event, params)
fire an event
- Parameters:
- {String} event
- The name of an event, for example "select" or "ready"
- {Object} params
- Optional object with event parameters


Magic Cube¶
Important
My personal best was to achieve an average of around 16 seconds for five restores of the 3rd-order (3x3) magic cube, and a single best of 13.81 seconds. Although I haven't practiced for a long time, I think I still can achieve around 25 sec now.
I used to be able to recover a 4th-order magic cube, though at a relatively slow level (about 2.5 minutes). Now I have forgotten the most difficult edge-exchanging formula.
I am a Magic Cube (aka Rubik's Cube) amateur and was fascinated by it for a longer period of time in high school. At the time, the record for the fastest average of five recoveries of a 3rd order Rubik's cube was held by Feliks Zemdegs (1995--), who broke his own previous world record in 2013 with an average speed of 7.91 seconds.
Personal best solves¶
I reached my single personal best (PB) of 13.81 seconds in Sep 2022, but unfortunately it was not recorded. Here is the video of my best in all recorded cube solves, which is 16.29 seconds. I also attached an interactive tool for you to play with (you can drag to change viewing angle), so you can see how I finished the solve in the video.
A standard cube solve includes following steps:
Scrambling: Scramble the cube with the given steps, which is randomly generated each time. Then confirm the cube is correctly scrambled (with the same pattern given in the bottom right of the website).
Observation: Tap the space bar to start a 15-second observation. In the observation, you can rotate the whole cube (but NOT single layer) to see every side of the cube. You have to start within 15 seconds, otherwise it is considered as a failed solve and called DNF (Did Not Finish).
Solving: Hold the space bar for a while and then release it. The timer starts when you hands leave the space, and will stop when you put hands down. In the official competition the requirements are even stricter, you cannot hold the cube at the beginning. You must keep both hands on the timer and releasing either hand will be counted as starting to restore the cube.
The method I used is called CFOP (Cross, First 2 Layer, Orientation of Last Layer, and Permutation of Last Layer), the most widely-used advanced method across the world.
Misc¶
I bought two 3x3 cubes in total. The first is Guojia 2 (国甲二) but its designed is far fallen behind. Here is a photo of my second and also beloved cube, a Dayan Lingyun (大雁凌云) bought around 2013 (but with a Gan's sticker). It came with me all the way from Hubei to Shanghai to Davis. But I haven't lubed it for a long time and It doesn't rotate pretty smoothly now.
In my personal opinion, there are several stages in the level of amateurs' Rubik's cube by the average solving time：
Don't know how to restore: This is the level of most people in the world.
Successful restore is not guaranteed: Entry-level amateurs who not yet fully master the restore method.
In 5 minutes: You may need a better cube and learn finger skills to help you speed up.
In 2 minutes: You can enter 1 minutes by practice.
Around 40 seconds: You can learn some advanced restoring method, such as CFOP.
Around 25 seconds: This is a bottleneck for capacity enhancement. You need to many new factors (e.g. sharper observation, more advanced top-level restore methods) to go further.
Around 15 seconds: Sub-professional level. I think 12 seconds is probably the ultimate in what the CFOP method can achieve.
Less than 12 seconds: You are no longer an amateur.
I used to play 4th order cube and can restore it around 2.5 minutes, but now I've forgotten the tricks for 4th order Rubik's Cube.


http://localhost:15000/streamjokes?jokesCount=10&delayInSeconds=5
http://localhost:15000/delayedjokes
ws://localhost:15000/wsjokesemitter
ws://localhost:7000/rsocketjokes


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{% extends 'base/base.html' %} {% block exp_info_block %}
{% endblock %} {% block exp_block %}
Now that you've completed the initial demographics survey, we'd like you to try out a practice search task to help you familiarise yourself with the search interface, which you'll be using in just a moment.
Feel free to try out the interface by posing queries and examining the documents returned by the system. Try finding documents that are relevant to the topic description given below.
Try to find a document that is relevant to the practice task. When you find a relevant document you will be able to mark it as relevant by clicking the button 'Mark as Relevant'.
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Made at the house reef at Tawali Resort, in PNG's Milne Bay Province.
These beautiful fish are small, play in coral, and are generally found at dusk and dawn, and only if you know where to look.
Sometimes thought to be uncommon, the fact that we've seen them at the house reef at Tawali, and Tufi Wharf (the house reef at Tufi in PNG's Oro Province) suggests to me that they may be more common, just hard to find!
Very cute, but hard to photograph, as they play around inside coral or other small areas.
This was shot with a 60mm macro lens on a Nikon D100 back in 2006.


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Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
Trim the duck breasts and lightly score the skin side with a sharp knife.
Spread the cracked peppercorns on to the duck breasts, pressing down the pepper into the breasts. Season with salt.
Heat a large pan over a moderate heat, and place the duck breasts in, skin-side down. Let them cook for 5 minutes or until the skin is nicely golden and crisp.
Turn the breasts over, and cook for approximately 4 minutes more.
Remove the duck breasts from the pan, and keep warm.
Pour off the fat, and deglaze the pan with the cognac.
Add the gravy (or stock), stirring well to scrape up the caramelised juices.
Add the cream and simmer to reduce to sauce consistency.
Fry the mushrooms in the olive oil, and half of the butter.
Fry off the spinach in the remaining butter.
Mix the two together.
To serve, spoon the spinach and mushroom mixture on to warmed plates. Slice the duck breasts, and arrange on top of the spinach mixture. Surround with the sauce.


These options are only available after adding a new seed.
If/When Seed XOR is implemented, the user must merge the additional seeds now; cannot be done later.
Other seed-related options (View seed words, Export xpub, etc) are omitted here. They're available via "Tools" on the home screen.


Last Name
First Name
Address
City
State
Zip/Postal Code
Country
Bulgaria
Germany
Great Britain
Spain
Italy
Serbia
Other
Phone(coutry code,
area code, number)
(+
)
E-mail
Birth date
Gender
Male
Female
Starting date
Spring 2015
Summer 2015
Coments/Questions


The 16-Inch MacBook Pro’s Very Quiet Arrival
by Charlotte HenryThe 16-Inch MacBook Pro arrived with relatively very little fanfare. At Forbes, Ewen Spence asked why the device is not being more heavily promoted.
Following its launch event in October 2018 for the new MacBook Air, Mac Mini, and iPad Pro models, Tim Cook was expected by many to hold an October event. This could have amplified the launch of the iPhone 11, given the iPad a springboard into the festive gift-buying period, and allowed the 16-inch MacBook Pro a moment in limelight as the largest screened MacOS laptop launched in the last seven years. But there was no event. Apple declined to push forward its hardware, instead focusing on the launch of Apple TV – one of the many services that Apple’s management believe is the future for the company. Reinforcement of the iPhone 11 was not a necessity and Apple snuck out the seventh generation iPad in late September. It was the MacBook Pro that lost out on a significant push with the mainstream media.
Check It Out: The 16-Inch MacBook Pro’s Very Quiet Arrival


All asset files in the library listed here. Uses library/assets/all API.
All rental files in the library listed here. Uses library/rental/all API.


10,000 $
Wanted in connection with the destruction of the Death Star.
| Species | human | Height | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | male | Weight | unknown |
| Homeworld | Tatooine | Age | unknown |
| Known Associates | Obi-Wan Kenobi | ||
| Classification | Locate and Detain | ||
| Originator | Imperial Garrison, Coruscant | ||
| Receiver | Any Imperial Law Enforcement Office. | ||
| Application Condition | Alive. No payment for dead recovery. | ||
| Bonus | None. | ||
| Determent | Unwarranted loss of life or damage to private property in pursuit of subject shall result in a 50% reduction in posted bounty. | ||
| Last Known Location | Dagobah |


Who are we?
We are the group of farmers who believes that excessive use of Chemical Fertilizers and pesticides is too harmful for human beings because the produce becomes toxic... Moreover excessive use of chemical fertilizers pollutes the ground water too and it equally harmful for other Animals and birds too.. Overall due to use of hazardous chemicals slowly and gradually our age is decreasing.
What we do??
We are doing integrated farming..because you will must agree that Animal husbandry and organic farming is directly depending on each other.. Because green manure or you can say organic compost can only be prepare through Animal waste which is really useful for soil health and without improving soil health you can't expect nutritious and toxin free foods.. Our promoters have faced cancer patients in there family and during the gray period of there life they have discovered that only toxic foods are responsible for most of the cancer mostly "gastrointestinal" cancer.. Though we have decided to make our India a country of herbal produces and initiated the platform "जैविक बाजार " Welcome in our family of organic farmers and food lovers..


Job Status:
Bid Job
In Queue
Working (Modeling/Clean-up)
Send Approval Drawings
Received from Approval
Working Approvals
Resubmit Approval Drawings
Prepare for Fabrication
Out for Fabrication


Go to the source code of this file.
Macros | |
| #define | CONTAINER_OF(memberPtr, type, member) ((type*)(((uint8_t*)(memberPtr))-((size_t)(&(((type*)0)->member))))) |
| #define | NUM_ARRAY_MEMBERS(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0])) |
| #define | INDEX_OF_ARRAY_MEMBER(array, memberPtr) ((((size_t)memberPtr) - ((size_t)array)) / sizeof(*(memberPtr))) |
| #define | STRINGIZE(x) STRINGIZE_EXPAND(x) |
| #define | STRINGIZE_EXPAND(x) #x |
| #define | LE_SHARED __attribute__((visibility ("default"))) |
Bit Masks | |
Single byte bit definitions that can be used for bit masking. | |
| #define | BIT0 0x01 |
| #define | BIT1 0x02 |
| #define | BIT2 0x04 |
| #define | BIT3 0x08 |
| #define | BIT4 0x10 |
| #define | BIT5 0x20 |
| #define | BIT6 0x40 |
| #define | BIT7 0x80 |
Enumerations | |
| enum | le_result_t { LE_OK = 0, LE_NOT_FOUND = -1, LE_NOT_POSSIBLE = -2, LE_OUT_OF_RANGE = -3, LE_NO_MEMORY = -4, LE_NOT_PERMITTED = -5, LE_FAULT = -6, LE_COMM_ERROR = -7, LE_TIMEOUT = -8, LE_OVERFLOW = -9, LE_UNDERFLOW = -10, LE_WOULD_BLOCK = -11, LE_DEADLOCK = -12, LE_FORMAT_ERROR = -13, LE_DUPLICATE = -14, LE_BAD_PARAMETER = -15, LE_CLOSED = -16, LE_BUSY = -17, LE_UNSUPPORTED = -18, LE_IO_ERROR = -19, LE_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = -20, LE_UNAVAILABLE = -21 } |
| enum | le_onoff_t { LE_OFF = 0, LE_ON = 1 } |
Detailed Description
Legato Basic Type and Constant Definitions include file.
Copyright (C) Sierra Wireless Inc. Use of this work is subject to license.
Macro Definition Documentation
| #define CONTAINER_OF | ( | memberPtr, | |
| type, | |||
| member | |||
| ) | ((type*)(((uint8_t*)(memberPtr))-((size_t)(&(((type*)0)->member))))) |
| #define INDEX_OF_ARRAY_MEMBER | ( | array, | |
| memberPtr | |||
| ) | ((((size_t)memberPtr) - ((size_t)array)) / sizeof(*(memberPtr))) |
Computes the index of a member within an array.
This code sample prints out "The 'w' is at index 6.":
| #define LE_SHARED __attribute__((visibility ("default"))) |
Macro used to declare that a symbol should be shared outside the dynamic shared object in which it is defined.
This can be used with either a declaration or a definition.
E.g., with a declaration (perhaps in a header file):
E.g., with a definition (in a .c file):
| #define NUM_ARRAY_MEMBERS | ( | array | ) | (sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0])) |
Computes number of members in an array at compile time.
- Warning
- Does NOT work for pointers to arrays.
Here's a code sample:
Will print 13
on a 32-bit target.
But this example is incorrect:
| #define STRINGIZE | ( | x | ) | STRINGIZE_EXPAND(x) |
This function takes the characters as an argument and puts quotes around them.
Code sample:
Is seen by the compiler as
The STRINGIZE() macro function passes names like macro definitions on the compiler's command-line. If the above code were changed to:
then compiling it using the following command line makes it equivalent to the example above:
The -DNAME=foo
defines a macro called NAME
with a value foo
. The C preprocessor then replaces STRINGIZE(NAME)
with "foo"
.
| #define STRINGIZE_EXPAND | ( | x | ) | #x |
Helper macro for STRINGIZE(x).
Enumeration Type Documentation
| enum le_onoff_t |
ON/OFF type.
| enum le_result_t |
Standard result codes.
- Note
- All error codes are negative integers. They allow functions with signed integers to return non-negative values when successful or standard error codes on failure.


The PlantRight Spring Nursery Survey
The PlantRight Spring Nursery Survey will be conducted each year with the help of the California Master Gardeners to gather information about the retail market for invasive plants in California. This information will be used help PlantRight focus its outreach efforts more effectively across California's 13,000 plant retailers, wholesalers and growers. PlantRight is working collaboratively with the nursery industry and will not use the survey results publicly to implicate specific stores, companies or regions as sources of the problem.
PlantRight also wants to provide educational resources for Master Gardeners about the impact of invasive plants and how to choose beautiful non-invasive alternatives for their gardens. We are offering an educational webinar for Master Gardeners to learn about (1) which plants are invasive in California (2) how to avoid planting invasive plants in your garden and (3) about our partnership with the nursery industry to address the invasive plant issue. By participating in this webinar Master Gardeners will be eligible for "Continuing Education" credit. At the end of the webinar, Master Gardeners will also have the option to find out more information about how to participate in the PlantRight Spring Nursery Survey and gain "Volunteer Hours". This survey will be pivotal in helping the horticulture industry lead the way in preventing new introductions of invasive plants in California. Participation in the survey is not required to attend the webinar.
Invasive plants are the second greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide and nearly half of the invasive plants found in California originally arrived through home gardens and landscaping. By participating in this survey you will contribute to the preservation of California's wildlands, help to solve a complex environmental issue, and become familiar with plants that are invasive in your area!
To Attend the Webinar, Learn More about Invasive Plants or Participate in the Survey:
Step 1 - Attend PlantRight's Spring Nursery Survey Live Webinar
Our Spring 2010 Webinars will be held on:
- Saturday, March 27 from 9:00am - 10:30am
- Wednesday, March 31 from 4:30pm - 6:00pm
To participate in the PlantRight Spring Nursery Survey, Create a Login Name and Password
- Register for the survey and follow the instructions.
- You will be asked to take a 5 question quiz about the information in the webinar (for our verification purposes).
- After you pass the quiz, you will be allowed access to the survey materials.
If you experience problems creating a new account, please contact Greg Richardson by email at grichardson@suscon.org


| Advert ID | Advert type | Customer ID | Account type | Status | Created | End on | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{row.id}} | {{row.type}} | {{row.user_id}} | {{row.owner.group_id==2 ? 'Private' : (row.owner.group_id==3 ? 'Business' : '')}} | {{row.StatusStr}} | {{row.CreateDateWithTime}} | {{row.DisableDateWithTime}} |
| Advert ID | {{env.adv.id}} |
| Advert type | {{env.adv.type}} |
| Status | {{env.adv.StatusStr}} |
| Account email | {{env.adv.owner.email}} |
| Account type | {{env.adv.owner.group_id==2 ? 'Private' : (env.adv.owner.group_id==3 ? 'Business' : '')}} |
| Account ID | {{env.adv.owner.id}} |
| Activated on | |
| Created on: | {{env.adv.CreateDateWithTime}} |
| Ends on: | |
| Deletion on: |


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A-Plus contracting, LLC is a small construction firm with a reputation of getting projects done in a timely and budget friendly manner with excellence in management.
Call us Today!A-Plus Contracting has been serving Baltimore and the surrounding area construction needs since 2006. We are a state licensed general contractor and a Baltimore City MBE/WBE company, that is fully insured and bondable. We are pre-qualified with Baltimore City to perform site construction.
We dedicate to provide high-quality service to clients and business partners. We strive to build lasting relationships. Our experienced team is here to take care of you every step of the way, from project management to our field personnel who will efficiently and accurately see your project to completion. We pay attention to detail and project schedules to produce satisfactory results that we cherish.


This is a holiday town, with an excellent climate, fishing and beaches. It lies about 300nm west of Port Hedland on Australia's north west coast and is a supply base for the oil rigs.
Position 21° 39' S 115° 7' E.
This is not a Port of Entry.
There are moorings in Beadon Creek.
Last updated March 2014.


Alaiza's Favorite Movies
The Darkest Minds
"
The Breakfast Club
It
"
The Goonies
Heathers
Ferris Bueller's Day Off


Blender is an open source suite for 3D modelling, sculpting,
animation, compositing, rendering, preparation of assets for its own
game engine and exporting to others, etc. .blend
is its own binary
format that saves whole state of suite: current scene, animations,
all software settings, extensions, etc.
Internally, .blend format is a hybrid semi-self-descriptive
format. On top level, it contains a simple header and a sequence of
file blocks, which more or less follow typical TLV
pattern. Pre-last
block would be a structure with code DNA1
, which is a essentially
a machine-readable schema of all other structures used in this file.
This page hosts a formal specification of .blend file format of Blender using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.
meta:
id: blender_blend
application: Blender
file-extension: blend
xref:
justsolve: BLEND
mime: application/x-blender
pronom:
- fmt/902
- fmt/903
wikidata: Q15671948
license: CC0-1.0
endian: le
doc: |
Blender is an open source suite for 3D modelling, sculpting,
animation, compositing, rendering, preparation of assets for its own
game engine and exporting to others, etc. `.blend` is its own binary
format that saves whole state of suite: current scene, animations,
all software settings, extensions, etc.
Internally, .blend format is a hybrid semi-self-descriptive
format. On top level, it contains a simple header and a sequence of
file blocks, which more or less follow typical [TLV
pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-length-value). Pre-last
block would be a structure with code `DNA1`, which is a essentially
a machine-readable schema of all other structures used in this file.
seq:
- id: hdr
type: header
- id: blocks
type: file_block
repeat: eos
instances:
sdna_structs:
value: 'blocks[blocks.size - 2].body.as<dna1_body>.structs'
types:
header:
seq:
- id: magic
contents: BLENDER
- id: ptr_size_id
type: u1
enum: ptr_size
doc: Size of a pointer; all pointers in the file are stored in this format
- id: endian
type: u1
doc: Type of byte ordering used
enum: endian
- id: version
type: str
size: 3
encoding: ASCII
doc: Blender version used to save this file
instances:
psize:
value: 'ptr_size_id == ptr_size::bits_64 ? 8 : 4'
doc: Number of bytes that a pointer occupies
file_block:
seq:
- id: code
type: str
size: 4
encoding: ASCII
doc: Identifier of the file block
- id: len_body
type: u4
doc: Total length of the data after the header of file block
- id: mem_addr
size: _root.hdr.psize
doc: Memory address the structure was located when written to disk
- id: sdna_index
type: u4
doc: Index of the SDNA structure
- id: count
type: u4
doc: Number of structure located in this file-block
- id: body
size: len_body
type:
switch-on: code
cases:
'"DNA1"': dna1_body
instances:
sdna_struct:
value: _root.sdna_structs[sdna_index]
if: sdna_index != 0
dna1_body:
doc: |
DNA1, also known as "Structure DNA", is a special block in
.blend file, which contains machine-readable specifications of
all other structures used in this .blend file.
Effectively, this block contains:
* a sequence of "names" (strings which represent field names)
* a sequence of "types" (strings which represent type name)
* a sequence of "type lengths"
* a sequence of "structs" (which describe contents of every
structure, referring to types and names by index)
doc-ref: 'https://archive.blender.org/wiki/index.php/Dev:Source/Architecture/File_Format/#Structure_DNA'
seq:
- id: id
contents: SDNA
- id: name_magic
contents: NAME
- id: num_names
type: u4
- id: names
type: strz
encoding: UTF-8
repeat: expr
repeat-expr: num_names
- id: padding_1
size: (4 - _io.pos) % 4
- id: type_magic
contents: TYPE
#align: 4 - https://github.com/kaitai-io/kaitai_struct/issues/12
- id: num_types
type: u4
- id: types
type: strz
encoding: UTF-8
repeat: expr
repeat-expr: num_types
- id: padding_2
size: (4 - _io.pos) % 4
- id: tlen_magic
contents: TLEN
#align: 4 - https://github.com/kaitai-io/kaitai_struct/issues/12
- id: lengths
type: u2
repeat: expr
repeat-expr: num_types
- id: padding_3
size: (4 - _io.pos) % 4
- id: strc_magic
contents: STRC
- id: num_structs
type: u4
- id: structs
type: dna_struct
repeat: expr
repeat-expr: num_structs
dna_struct:
doc: |
DNA struct contains a `type` (type name), which is specified as
an index in types table, and sequence of fields.
seq:
- id: idx_type
type: u2
- id: num_fields
type: u2
- id: fields
type: dna_field
repeat: expr
repeat-expr: num_fields
instances:
type:
value: _parent.types[idx_type]
dna_field:
seq:
- id: idx_type
type: u2
- id: idx_name
type: u2
instances:
type:
value: _parent._parent.types[idx_type]
name:
value: _parent._parent.names[idx_name]
enums:
ptr_size:
0x5f: bits_32
0x2d: bits_64
endian:
0x56: be
0x76: le


Standard
The standard guide for all .NET projects.
Download
First the library must be downloaded. For standard projects within the .NET enviorment, a nuget package is available and is updated to the latest release.
PM> Install-Package DiscordRichPresence
A build of the library itself can be located in the AppVeyor Artifacts
Usage
The library has 3 phases that must be followed,
- Initialization
- Rich Presence Setting
- Deinitialization and Disposal
You can set the Rich Presence of your app at any time while the client object has been constructed. The client will store the state of the presence and automatically resend it once initialized again.
Initialization
The creation of the client should happen once in the lifetime of the app. Where you put the constructor is upto your application design principles, but in general its always a good idea to put it in your initializers.
The client should be ideally treated like a singleton and only ever created once. Multiple instances of the client can conflict with each other and cause unpredictable results within Discord and the end users Rich Presence.
public DiscordRpcClient Client { get; private set;}
void Setup() {
Client = new DiscordRpcClient("my_client_id"); //Creates the client
Client.Initialize(); //Connects the client
}
Note that the Initialize()
can be called later and the current presence state will be re-sent to the Discord Client.
Setting Rich Presence
Setting Rich Presence is easy once the client has been initialized:
//Set Presence
client.SetPresence(new RichPresence()
{
Details = "Example Project",
State = "csharp example",
Assets = new Assets()
{
LargeImageKey = "image_large",
LargeImageText = "Lachee's Discord IPC Library",
SmallImageKey = "image_small"
}
});
You may call this as regularly as you wish, the default behaviour of the application will ignore duplicate presence and Discord itself will handle ratelimiting. With that said, its always a good idea to only set the presence when there is actual change, to avoid any overheads.
Disposal
It is important that the client is properly disposed when finished. This will safely disconnect from Discord and dispose of the resources correctly. If you have any issues with ghosting (particularly in Unity3D), make sure you dispose the client.
//Dispose client
void Cleanup() {
client.Dispose();
}
Events
By defaults, events will be executed as they occur. This means they are executed on the RPC Thread, and not on the main. For most applications, this works fine and is treated as a normal event from any other library you may use. However, for applications where thread-safety is paramount (such as Game Engines), you may need to disable this feature and manually invoke events on your calling thread like so:
void Start() {
//Creates a new client, telling it not to automatically invoke the events on RPC thread.
Client = new DiscordRpcClient("my_client_id", autoEvents: false);
Client.Initialize();
}
void Update() {
//Invoke the events once per-frame. The events will be executed on calling thread.
Client.Invoke();
}
Please note that this method is only required where cross-thread talk is a big no-no. Implementing this as a Timer would just defeat the purpose as they are threaded anyways.
Further Reading
If you wish to implement the Join and Spectate feature within your project (those buttons), please read Joining & Spectating Introduction to get started.


Test Driven Development
Test driven development is a software development methodology which enforces writing tests
before implementing a feature. Despite the fact that it sounds harsh on developers not to let them
start working on their product straight away, it brings such advantages as
code quality and allows
to build up the
test coverage in step with source code. Instead of letting tests pile up for
future, in
TDD a team of developers can be confident that each new introduced change has been
properly tested.
For example, you have made a package to take a screenshot, after which your project structure is
similar to this:
- src
- src/index.js
- test
- test/spec
- test/spec/index.js
Now, you want to make it record a video. Usually, people would be tended to the
src folder,
and either modify
index.js, or create a new file
record-video.js. In
TDD, however, the rule
is to go to
test directory, make a new file for the test suite of the new feature and write
a basic test (which will fail at first). When test is ready, the source code for the logic of the
feature can be written. For example, we create a new
test suite first:
const capturescreen = require('capturescreen')
const recordVideoTestSuite = {
'should be able to record a video': () => {
return capturescreen.video(1500)
},
}
module.exports = recordVideoTestSuite
Run tests...
$ zoroaster test/spec/
And get an error in the result:
test/spec/record-video.js
✗ should be able to record a video
| TypeError: capturescreen.video is not a function
| at should be able to record a video (/Users/user/zoroaster.co.uk/test/spec/record-video.js:5:30)
test/spec/record-video.js > should be able to record a video
TypeError: capturescreen.video is not a function
at should be able to record a video (/Users/user/zoroaster.co.uk/test/spec/record-video.js:5:30)
Executed 1 tests: 1 error.
Implementing a feature
When the first test is written, a video-recording feature can be added. We create a new file
in the
src directory:
function recordVideo(duration) {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(resolve, duration)
})
}
module.exports = recordVideo
Use it in our package's main function:
const recordVideo = require('./record-video')
function captureScreen() {
return Promise.resolve('Screen captured')
}
captureScreen.video = recordVideo
module.exports = captureScreen
When the logic is implemented, we run tests again:
$ zoroaster test/spec/
And hooray, the test passed:
test/spec
record-video.js
✓ should be able to record a video
Executed 1 tests.
By progressively writing tests and adding source code which makes them pass, the software
automatically acquires new specification in form of tests.
Test-Driven Development helps
to develop discipline in consistently writing tests to make sure that the product meets
quality expectations. It is very easy to write a lot of code which works
now, but is
unmaintainable in the long-run due to the lack of test coverage. Therefore, if having tests is
necessary for any software project, why keep it to the end and not begin by writing them?
Zoroaster's watch mode
zoroaster can be started in
watch mode. This means that tests are re-run automatically when
a change is made to any source or test files.
$ zoroaster test/spec —watch
If we repeated the example above with this feature, we would see the following output:
test/spec
record-video.js
✗ should be able to record a video
| TypeError: capturescreen.video is not a function
| at should be able to record a video (/Users/user/zoroaster.co.uk/test/spec/record-video.js:5:30)
test/spec > record-video.js > should be able to record a video
TypeError: capturescreen.video is not a function
at should be able to record a video (/Users/user/zoroaster.co.uk/test/spec/record-video.js:5:30)
Executed 1 tests: 1 error.
test/spec
record-video.js
✓ should be able to record a video
Executed 1 tests.
Having tests re-run automatically saves a lot of developer's time. It facilitates
test-driven development and allows her to focus on tests and not be interrupted by constant
necessity to execute a test command manually.
Mocha watch mode
mocha also supports watch mode:
-w or
—watch flag will make
mocha re-run tests for you.


A fast C++ implementation for computing various graph kernels including (1) simple kernels between vertex and/or edge label histograms, (2) graphlet kernels, (3) random walk kernels (popular baselines), and (4) the Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernel (state-of-the-art).
| Version: | 1.6 |
| Depends: | igraph (≥ 1.1.2) |
| Imports: | Rcpp (≥ 0.12.9) |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp, RcppEigen |
| Published: | 2018-05-30 |
| Author: | Mahito Sugiyama |
| Maintainer: | Mahito Sugiyama <mahito at nii.ac.jp> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| CRAN checks: | graphkernels results |
| Reference manual: | graphkernels.pdf |
| Package source: | graphkernels_1.6.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: graphkernels_1.6.zip, r-release: graphkernels_1.6.zip, r-oldrel: graphkernels_1.6.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: graphkernels_1.6.tgz, r-oldrel: graphkernels_1.6.tgz |
| Old sources: | graphkernels archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=graphkernels to link to this page.


entity
Classes
BotanicSystem
Bowl
BowlMod
BowlModItem
BowlModJoined
BowlModStep
Customer
Exhibition
GeoRegion
Manufacture
Roadmap
Sales
Setting
Software
Status
Subuser
Timber
TimberOrigin


Put CSS file here
Learnin' the HTML all over again within GitHub
Give it a go
Milne Library's Website
, for all your research needs.


TeleHealth Virtual Hospital
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Pedro Tavares is an enthusiast of photography and technology in general. Master in computer engineering, and involved in the world of digital information security, he has also developed his taste and passion for photography in recent times.
If you like my work, I'd love to hear from you, whether it be feedback, thanks, new photograph ideas or even just to say hello, I welcome it all!


Hello, welcome to the Serverless Galleria demo. This a serverless batch photo manipulation and publishing suite of functions. Serverless functions run on demand, so you pay only for the resources you use.
Serverless Galleria provides a web interface for drag and drop uploading files, several photo transformations to optimize the images for the web, and this beautiful front end for displaying the photos. To deploy your own stack, get started with the readme.
© 2018 Evan Chiu | HTML Template © 2016 by GetTemplates


What ?
This site was created as a place for myself (and others if there is any interest and I get space) to document and share their code related musings. The posts will range in topic from Deep learning to Turing machines, HPC to Mobile applications, Data Science to Web Development. In fact whichever way you want to put it. My interests in computing are broad and the topics presented here will reflect that.
Why ?
Their are many sites like this already, why build another ? I hear you say. To be honest I wanted to learn some more about the Python micro-web-framework Flask, and I have been meaning on starting a blog page for ages. I figured if I went to the effort of building a platform for blogging I may actually start writing them blog posts.
How ?
I feel I should mention Miguel Grinberg here, he is the author of many of the resources I have used to learn about Flask. I have no affiliation with Miguel but his information is good and his explaining game is strong, therefore his totally free Flask Mega Tutorial and the not so free O'Reilly book, Flask: Web Development are both recommended reading if you would like to learn about building applications with Flask. If you would like to add weight to my claims of of Miguels excellence take a look at his Kickstarter campaign that he held to fund an update to the FREE Flask Mega Tutorial previously mentioned. If you check the link you'll see he raised a total of $15,142 off 569 backers for his efforts.
Praise must also be given to the team at Docker. This site is developed and hosted using Docker. This has allowed me to maintain a Linux development environment on my Mac that is consistent with the environment that I will deploy to. It is the first time I have used Docker in this way and the verdict is out. Learning the small amount required to use Docker is well worth the effort in my opinion. You can expect posts about Dockers many advantages/disadvantage/workflows in the future.
When ?
This site is the continuation of a project that I worked on while working as an intern within The University Of Leeds Advanced Research Computing Department in the summer of 2016. I enjoyed working with the Flask framework to create a prototype web application that allowed users to run jobs and access data on the Universities HPC systems. When this project was completed I went back to University for my final year but vowed I would pick up the Flask framework as soon as I had a chance. My Git Repo states June the 28th 2017 as the first day of development so this site has been cluttering up this URL x years, x months x days.
Who ?
I go by the username Codehoarder (obviously), you can see more about me here, here and here if you wish but to keep it short I'm a computer science graduate who loves writing code, reading geeky articles and generally messing with tech. When I am not doing the above (not very often); I am making/listening music, playing squash (recently) or going snowboarding.
What Next ?
There are a number of updates planned for the site. This site currently re-generates pages for every request using server side rendering but a JSON API has been put in place to allow the use of AJAX. This will improve the user experience and ultimately the performance of this web site. I could have built this site using a client side framework such as Angular JS from the get go and this would not be an update, but I wanted to learn about Flask ..... So, a future update it is.
Oauth is coming soon.. Facebook/Twitter integration isn't really a feature pretty for a social website, it is expected, so of course CodeHoarder must follow suit