So, after the post on events PJE suggested I try using generic functions for events. I'm still not sure that's where I want to start, since there's some more conservative options out there to address this. However, I have long meant to use his generic functions, as I think they seem pretty neat.
Installation was easy; following what the PEAK homepage says, I ran:
easy_install -Zf http://peak.telecommunity.com/snapshots/ RuleDispatch
It was a little problematic, because PyDispatcher also implements a dispatch package. I ended up just uninstalling that, though there's probably a better way to do it.
My first test was an experiment in converting objects to a JSONable form (result here). This worked very easily, and with no surprises. Of course, it's an easy problem. But still, it's not a given that introducing a new tool to solve an easy problem will give an easy result.
Using this, you can fiddle with the JSON representation of nearly any object. For instance, lets say you get Binary objects (like from a database BLOB column), and you want to turn them into base64-encoded strings:
@jsonify.when('isinstance(obj, Binary)') def jsonify_binary(obj): return str(obj).encode('base64')
The only issue I have with the implementation is that it's hard to say apply this rule only in this context, because jsonify() doesn't have any argument that implies context. So if you wnat to change the representation of an object, but only in the context of one controller in your web app, then that doesn't fit into this system. Dynamically scoped variables would probably address this case.
Anyway, in my second test I threw in a context argument parameter, just for this kind of thing. Especially because in my second test I wanted to allow something most other adaptation systems can't -- detailed tweaking of specific cases based on arbitrary rules that don't have any overriding sense to them. These are exactly the rules that make up good UI design, and my second test is for generating forms from objects.
For the second test I added some (experimental) modules to FormEncode (new website, BTW): fields, formgen, and sqlformgen (the SQLObject-specific form generation routines), and a test.
And while the result is by no means complete, and there's still parts of the design I don't understand well, again the generic functions didn't introduce any surprises. I suspect when I try different combinators or some other tricky thing they will surprise me eventually; but of all the parts of this (rather difficult) problem, the generic functions seem the easiest.
"""I ended up just uninstalling that, though there's probably a better way to do it."""If you install both of 'em as --multi-version eggs, you'll be fine as long as you never need both in the same program.
"""So if you wnat to change the representation of an object, but only in the context of one controller in your web app, then that doesn't fit into this system."""You're probably aware of this, but you could always add a context argument with a None default value.
"""Dynamically scoped variables would probably address this case."""Yep, and I do plan to add support for that to RuleDispatch as soon as I figure out whether my context variables proposal (work in progress) is likely to pass PEPping for stdlib inclusion in 2.5. Python needs (IMO) a standard way to handle task-specific context variables that can be used with lightweight threads, in place of the thread-local mechanism currenly used by e.g. the Decimal arithmetic context. Whether it's accepted or not, I'll be writing the library, and making it so generic functions can use it without constant-folding away the variables. (Currently, any subexpression that doesn't involve a function parameter gets optimized to a constant at method definition time.)
It's been a little bit since I've used them (and PJE can correct me if this is not the "preferred" way), but instead of:
@jsonify.when('isinstance(obj, Binary)') ...you can do:
@jsonify.when('obj in Binary') ...Saves a little typing, but the meaning isn't immediately obvious to people that don't know the RuleDispatch package (of course, anyone trying to look at code using RuleDispatch without understanding RuleDispatch will have problems anyway)
# Jay P.
Since (I don't think) obj in Binary will ever be generally equivalent to isinstance(obj, Binary) I wouldn't want to use that. I know I'm not necessarily Typical, but generic functions make a lot of intuitive sense to me, and as long as they don't use funny special constructs like this I think other people can pick them up quite easily as well. And RuleDispatch code reads pretty well, which is something I particularly like, and something that should make the resulting code accessible to people who have little understanding of RuleDispatch. I didn't read up about it at all before using it -- except to get the import right -- so I don't think you need a thorough understanding to start. But then I've read about it a while ago, so I might have lingering understanding that I've forgotten about.
# Ian Bicking
At work we've been using:
@jsonify.when(Binary) ...-Chris
# Chris L
That only works with @dispatch.on, not @dispatch.generic, unless you use a dispatch.strategy.PositionalSignature with a sequence of classes, not a single class. E.g.:
from dispatch.strategy import PositionalSignature @jsonify.when(PositionalSignature([Binary])) def jsonify(ob): # ...As you can see, this is more trouble than it's worth, unless you're writing code that dynamically adds methods and doesn't want to have to do string manipulation:
def register_jsonifier(cls, func): @jsonify.when(PositionalSignature([cls])) def foo(ob): return func(ob)However, because of the way condition strings are interpreted, you could just as easily write:
def register_jsonifier(cls, func): @jsonify.when("isinstance(ob,cls)") def foo(ob): return func(ob)Because the reference to cls is resolved immediately and treated as a constant thereafter. So it's really pretty rare that you'd want to delve into the object-based interface to the criteria system.
Complex voodoo magic goes on here. For this example... @jsonify.when('isinstance(obj, Binary)') def jsonify_binary(obj): return str(obj).encode('base64') Why not instead use something like: def jsonify(obj): if isinstance(obj, Binary): return str(obj).encode('base64') Instead you are adding more requirements, dependencies, and making the code harder to read. I know this was just an exercise in playing around with generic functions, but please think of simplicity. Please let me know what this method gives over simple if else? Here is a rewritten version of your jsonify.py using if else instead of . def jsonify(obj): # @@: Should this match all iterables? if isinstance(obj, (int, float, str, unicode)): return jsonify_simple(obj) else if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)): return jsonify_list(obj) else if isinstance(obj, dict)'): return jsonify_dict(obj): else if isinstance(obj, sqlobject.SQLObject): return jsonify_sqlobject(obj): else if hasattr(obj, "__json__"): return jsonify_explicit(obj): else if isinstance(obj, sqlobject.SQLObject.SelectResultsClass): return jsonify_select_results(obj): def jsonify_simple(obj): return obj def jsonify_list(obj): return [jsonify(v) for v in obj] def jsonify_dict(obj): result = {} for name in obj: if not isinstance(name, (str, unicode)): raise ValueError( "Cannot represent dictionaries with non-string keys in JSON (found: %r)" % name) result[name] = jsonify(obj[name]) return result def jsonify_sqlobject(obj): result = {} result['id'] = obj.id for name in obj.sqlmeta.columns.keys(): result[name] = getattr(obj, name) return result def jsonify_explicit(obj): return obj.__json__() def jsonify_select_results(obj): return jsonify_list(obj) The difference is that all your rules are in the same place. Which makes the ordering of rules easier to see. Another difference is that there are a few less lines... but I could change the if/else example to use less with less readability too. The main difference is that the if else version would work in more places, and more random python programmers would understand it.
"""Please let me know what this method gives over simple if else?"""
It gains you the ability to add support for new types in the module where the type is created, without having to modify the module where the jsonify() generic function is defined. Essentially, it generalizes the idea of a registry or hook function or lookup table, or visitor, or any number of other common "framework" patterns, but without needing to use those things. The function can simply be extended by any code that wants to, using a uniform approach.
"""The difference is that all your rules are in the same place."""
Being able to extend the rules in an open-ended way is the feature that generic functions bring here. It means that if module A contains some type that I'd like to pass to module B, which uses jsonify() to encode the object, then I in module C can declare a jsonification method for the type in module A, and I don't have to modify module A, module B, or the module containing jsonify! For example, suppose that I'd like to be able to send Decimal objects to the browser. If the object had to have a __json__ method, that wouldn't work because I'd have to modify the decimal type. And if Ian used if-then's, I'd have to patch his function or persuade him to add Decimal support. But, by using a generic function, he has given me the freedom to just define a method in my application that provides the needed support. I simply do this somewhere in my application's code:
from decimal import Decimal from jsonify import jsonify @jsonify.when("isinstance(obj,Decimal)") def jsonify_decimal(obj): # etc...And that's it, I'm done.
Assuming you can not change the original modules source... A way to do that is without generic functions is below: from decimal import Decimal from jsonify import jsonify jsonify_orig = jsonify def jasonify_mods(obj): if isinstance(obj,Decimal): ... else: return jsonify_orig jsonify = jasonify_mods Why are generic functions better than this technique?
"""Why are generic functions better than this technique?"""
- Your technique will not affect any modules that used from jsonify import jsonify to obtain the function, because they won't see your replacement version.
- Your technique degrades performance linearly with the number of types added, while generic functions use a dispatch tree that uses hash tables, binary search, or other lookup techniques as appropriate. The dispatch tree is automatically balanced to test the most discriminating criteria first. So, adding a new type in the JSON example has virtually no effect on performance of the jsonify() function, versus one extra function-call of overhead added by your approach for each new type.
- Your technique can only add tests at the highest precedence level, which means that if there's any overlap in conditions between what you are adding, and what exists, you will need to code a more complex "if" rule, and you will need to know what other existing rules overlap. (Which means that only linear extension is possible, and that some tests will be repeated unnecessarily.)
- Your technique cannot take advantage of any overlap in the conditions being tested. For example, the various isinstance() calls in your version repeatedly walk the object's class' __mro__ to see if it contains the target classes. The generic function, however, will do this walk once, no matter how many types are registered, and then call the correct function.
- Your code is buggy; it should return jsonify_orig(obj). :)
In other words, generic functions are far superior to monkeypatching for creating an extensible operation, which is why the Python standard library uses a simple form of them for things like copying and pickling. However, the RuleDispatch generic function implementation supports automating the registration process and lookup tables for simple functions (using @dispatch.on) and allows for building dispatch trees on arbitrary computations with full generic functions (using @dispatch.generic).
1. If the patching was done first it will work. The code needs to be changed to use the full import jsonify and then jsonify.jasonify = jasonify_mod 2. As the code stands, if/else is quicker. Quicker to load(less imports) and quicker to run. I will take your word for it that maybe there could be a performance improvement with generic functions in other cases... however my speed tests(see below) seem to point otherwise. Also note that if/else can translate easily into fast code(psyco or C). So if you do have a performance problem, if/else will be faster, or you could easily change it to use some other dispatch method. The if/else code with psyco runs 5.2 times faster, making it about 150 times faster than the generic dispatch version. When psyco is used it fails to run at all with generic functions. 3. You need to know what other rules exist with generic functions too. Or at least what order they are applied. Good point about only being able to put it at the top, unless you add extra code. 4. Interesting optimization. However generic functions are still slower in my tests. 5. Thanks for spotting the error! Ps. there are lots of warnings in your src/protocols/_speedups.c file ;) With the default debian compiler gcc4.02. For the case where you can not change the existing source, then generic functions seem to have a use. However there are other methods available which can work fine(arguably better). Maybe there are other use cases for them where they make more sense. However for the cases here, if/else works fine. Below is a version of jsonify with a speed test at the bottom. The if/else version is about 30 times faster. Not including the extra module load time. jsonify2.py is the if/else version, jsonify.py is the generic function version with the timing code attached to the bottom. Perhaps there could be a problem with my machine, so you can repeat the test on your own to check if you would like. time python2.4 jsonify.py Time for just the running parts. Not including module load time. 9.05578112602 real 0m9.659s user 0m9.428s sys 0m0.167s time python2.4 jsonify2.py Time for just the running parts. Not including module load time. 0.386996984482 real 0m0.805s user 0m0.721s sys 0m0.070s import sqlobject def jsonify(obj): # @@: Should this match all iterables? if isinstance(obj, (int, float, str, unicode)): return jsonify_simple(obj) elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)): return jsonify_list(obj) elif isinstance(obj, dict): return jsonify_dict(obj) elif isinstance(obj, sqlobject.SQLObject): return jsonify_sqlobject(obj) elif hasattr(obj, "__json__"): return jsonify_explicit(obj) elif isinstance(obj, sqlobject.SQLObject.SelectResultsClass): return jsonify_select_results(obj) def jsonify_simple(obj): return obj def jsonify_list(obj): return [jsonify(v) for v in obj] def jsonify_dict(obj): result = {} for name in obj: if not isinstance(name, (str, unicode)): raise ValueError( "Cannot represent dictionaries with non-string keys in JSON (found: %r)" % name) result[name] = jsonify(obj[name]) return result def jsonify_sqlobject(obj): result = {} result['id'] = obj.id for name in obj.sqlmeta.columns.keys(): result[name] = getattr(obj, name) return result def jsonify_explicit(obj): return obj.__json__() def jsonify_select_results(obj): return jsonify_list(obj) if __name__ == "__main__": import time a = range(100) b = {"asdf":2} class AA: def __json__(self): return "asdf" c = AA() t1 = time.time() for x in range(10000): r1 = jsonify(a) r2 = jsonify(b) r3 = jsonify(c) t2 = time.time() print "Time for just the running parts. Not including module load time. %s" % (t2 - t1)
Would you mind using restructured text for your comments? Whatever you're doing instead is very hard to read.
You seem to be missing the point, by the way. If a library is trying to provide an extensible function, it's silly to make everyone monkeypatch it and disallow anybody from importing it. And, with the linear reduction in speed caused by monkeypatching, there will sooner or later be a breakeven point where the generic function is faster.
Right now, very little of RuleDispatch is in C, so that breakpoint might take several people adding their own type lookups. But as time goes on and RuleDispatch gets faster, the breakeven point comes sooner as well. Also, with more expensive tests than simple isinstance() checks, the repeated checking will reach the breakeven point faster as well. Import time also won't matter with code that is using dozens of generic functions, not just one.
You also are wrong about not needing generic functions in cases where you can change the source. There are still reasons why you'd use them:
- Writing optimal if-then trees for large and complex rule sets is difficult to do correctly
- A collection of rules is more likely to have 1-to-1 correspondence with business rules or requirements, and therefore easier to track/verify
- An application that gets customized rules for different customers will need a modularly-extensible rule system, that doesn't require all the rules to be in a single hand-tuned tree.
In other words, generic functions are useful for the same reason Python is more useful than assembly language. You can always write the same code in assembly, but it's easier with a high-level specification that's automatically translated. The key is simply that it have performance that's "good enough", and for complex code with expensive tests, generic functions can already do better than a human for optimization, in terms of time to produce a correct and efficient decision tree.
Eventually, they'll beat even your example here, which by the way is a bit like saying, "see, I can write C code that runs faster than Python". Well, duh. Try the test with a dozen extra types added by monkeypatching (not by-hand inlining as shown), and see what the speed difference is. I don't know what the breakeven point for this example is, but I can guarantee there'll be one. Past that breakpoint, monkeypatching will keep getting slower and slower, but the generic function will continue to have basically the same performance. And the more complex your ruleset and tests, the sooner that breakpoint will be reached.
'''You seem to be missing the point, by the way. If a library is trying to provide an extensible function, it's silly to make everyone monkeypatch it and disallow anybody from importing it. And, with the linear reduction in speed caused by monkeypatching, there will sooner or later be a breakeven point where the generic function is faster.'''
No. You can use a function from other modules after changing it at runtime.
'''Eventually, they'll beat even your example here, which by the way is a bit like saying, "see, I can write C code that runs faster than Python". Well, duh. Try the test with a dozen extra types added by monkeypatching (not by-hand inlining as shown), and see what the speed difference is.'''
Performance for generic functions seems to be slower until you have 40 different source files for if/else. However it is not 40 different types. If you put the rules in less source files, then it is lots quicker still. From my tests the break even point if they are in the same file, would be about 1000 rules. With psyco, the break even point for if/else would be 120 source files... not that I tested it with 120, just that the performance behaviour is consistent with this when using 40.
So generic functions need to be optimized for those cases where you do not have 40 different source files. Otherwise the claim of better performance can not be made. I can't think of a real life example where people actually have 40 different source files for these types of rules, but I'm sure there are cases. The other place where generic functions are faster is if you make lots of duplicated slow rules.
For simplicity of reading, sit ten random python programmers in front of the two examples, and see which one is understood more easily.
For simplicity of debugging, try debugging your C code compared to some if/else rules written in python.
I think if people understand generic functions, and if there are lots of rules that can not be kept in the same place, then they would be easier to maintain.
Thanks for pointing out why generic functions are useful. It has been interesting playing around with them. I hope I have helped you see some reasons why they are not useful.
"""Performance for generic functions seems to be slower until you have 40 different source files for if/else."""
Not true - see my test results below. Adding just two monkeypatches to your hand-tuned jsonify brings your benchmark down to being 50% slower than the generic function version.
Oops. I mean 35% slower. I was looking at 2.xx vs 3.xx without including the 'xx's in the division. :)
Regarding the benchmark, I tried it out this evening and noticed a couple of things. First, the timing figures you quote above show a 23.4X slowdown, not 30X.
Second, I sped up the test by a factor of three by changing one rather simple thing. Ian's rule checking for hasattr(obj,"__json__") is unnecessary; I simply made jsonify_explicit the default and let it raise an error otherwise, since that's what happens anyway. (Making the same change to your version doesn't result in as much of a speedup, but I did it anyway so that it's an apples to apples comparison.)
Also, by doing a bit of profiling, I saw that much of the remaining difference in time comes from the fact that RuleDispatch's equivalent to isinstance() is still in Python, not C. So, I spent another 30 minutes or so whipping up a Pyrex version, and thus sped up the test by another factor of 2.
My final stats, having modified both your version and Ian's version to have the simpler logic, and using the C isinstance code, are 1.58 seconds for your hand-tuned version, vs. 2.88 seconds for the generic function version. (I used time.clock(), which is more accurate for timing purposes, and for both measurements I took the best of 3 runs.) So, the end result is that the generic function version takes about 1.37 times as long to run, which is not bad for stacking up against your hand-optimized code.
But this still isn't a fair comparison, since you proposed to extend the function via monkeypatching. So, I tested a simple version using only one level of monkeypatching:
def jsonify(obj): # @@: Should this match all iterables? if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)): return jsonify_list(obj) return jsonify2(obj) def jsonify2(obj): if isinstance(obj, (int, float, str, unicode)): return jsonify_simple(obj) elif isinstance(obj, dict): return jsonify_dict(obj) elif isinstance(obj, sqlobject.SQLObject): return jsonify_sqlobject(obj) elif isinstance(obj, sqlobject.SQLObject.SelectResultsClass): return jsonify_select_results(obj) return jsonify_explicit(obj)This code runs in 2.91 seconds (best of 3), so it's already at breakeven compared to the generic function! So, I then added a Decimal case wrapper to both scripts, and reran the timings. Result: the monkeypatching version takes 3.88 seconds (best of 3), and the generic function version took 2.88 seconds - exactly the same as the case without Decimal. (I did not modify the test to actually include any Decimal values, but of course the monkeypatching approach slowed down anyway.)
Anyway, it appears that as soon as you monkeypatch more than once or twice for something like this, generic functions will start coming out ahead. And if they don't, you can always post the results on a blog somewhere and I'll tune up the implementation so that they do come out ahead. ;)
(The C speedup for isinstance() checks is now in the RuleDispatch SVN version, by the way.)
I am glad you have sped up your generic functions. If they can be within 5-10x of the if/else method, generic functions become much more worthwhile imho. At 1.3x the speed they become awesome!
Can you please post the code to your changes so that I can verify them?
btw, my version was not 'hand optimized'. I copy-pasted the rules from the other version. Your version is hand optimized... changing the rules, and adding a C version for some rules. By changing the order of the __json__ changed the behaviour of the code. Possibly breaking it in circumstances(when an sql object sqlobject.SQLObject.SelectResultsClass has a __json__ method).
Or did I get the way the rules work wrong? I assumed they would be tested from first declared to last declared.
 That is the hasattr(obj, "__json__") type condition. It would seem to be a very common one for this use with types. I have seen it used elsewhere eg, __str__, __html__, etc. Or maybe that is not why the original generic function was slower.
The interesting thing to note here, is that the slowness of one condition had more effect on the generic function version than the if/else version. Is that right? I can't understand why that condition accounts for such a slowdown with generic functions.
To be clear, my proposed approach is to keep things in one file, with the rules in the one place. Only if absolutely necessary do you override functionality in different files. I think it is better to refactor than to patch with conditions hidden in different files.
I also see the useful things of generic functions for when there are lots of rules spread across lots of files you may not own.
If you can get them as fast or faster than if/else rules, then I can definitely see myself using them for game programming. Especially if you can get it to work with psyco.
ps. Are you aiming to have these in python at some point? Is it not released yet? I can't find the documentation for it on your page. I did find http://peak.telecommunity.com/PyCon05Talk/ though. Pretty good that I could figure it out(I think) without documentation, and only a blog post to go by.
For the best explanation of Generic Functions and there benefits look here http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/object-reorientation-generic-functions.html
# Anthony Tarlano


Bipartite¶
This module provides functions and operations for bipartite
graphs. Bipartite graphs B = (U, V, E)
have two node sets U,V
and edges in
E
that only connect nodes from opposite sets. It is common in the literature
to use an spatial analogy referring to the two node sets as top and bottom nodes.
The bipartite algorithms are not imported into the networkx namespace at the top level so the easiest way to use them is with:
>>> import networkx as nx
>>> from networkx.algorithms import bipartite
NetworkX does not have a custom bipartite graph class but the Graph()
or DiGraph() classes can be used to represent bipartite graphs. However,
you have to keep track of which set each node belongs to, and make
sure that there is no edge between nodes of the same set. The convention used
in NetworkX is to use a node attribute named bipartite
with values 0 or 1 to
identify the sets each node belongs to. This convention is not enforced in
the source code of bipartite functions, it’s only a recommendation.
For example:
>>> B = nx.Graph()
>>> # Add nodes with the node attribute "bipartite"
>>> B.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3, 4], bipartite=0)
>>> B.add_nodes_from(['a', 'b', 'c'], bipartite=1)
>>> # Add edges only between nodes of opposite node sets
>>> B.add_edges_from([(1, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'c'), (4, 'a')])
Many algorithms of the bipartite module of NetworkX require, as an argument, a
container with all the nodes that belong to one set, in addition to the bipartite
graph B
. The functions in the bipartite package do not check that the node set
is actually correct nor that the input graph is actually bipartite.
If B
is connected, you can find the two node sets using a two-coloring
algorithm:
>>> nx.is_connected(B)
True
>>> bottom_nodes, top_nodes = bipartite.sets(B)
However, if the input graph is not connected, there are more than one possible
colorations. This is the reason why we require the user to pass a container
with all nodes of one bipartite node set as an argument to most bipartite
functions. In the face of ambiguity, we refuse the temptation to guess and
raise an AmbiguousSolution
Exception if the input graph for
bipartite.sets
is disconnected.
Using the bipartite
node attribute, you can easily get the two node sets:
>>> top_nodes = {n for n, d in B.nodes(data=True) if d['bipartite']==0}
>>> bottom_nodes = set(B) - top_nodes
So you can easily use the bipartite algorithms that require, as an argument, a container with all nodes that belong to one node set:
>>> print(round(bipartite.density(B, bottom_nodes), 2))
0.5
>>> G = bipartite.projected_graph(B, top_nodes)
All bipartite graph generators in NetworkX build bipartite graphs with the
bipartite
node attribute. Thus, you can use the same approach:
>>> RB = bipartite.random_graph(5, 7, 0.2)
>>> RB_top = {n for n, d in RB.nodes(data=True) if d['bipartite']==0}
>>> RB_bottom = set(RB) - RB_top
>>> list(RB_top)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> list(RB_bottom)
[5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
For other bipartite graph generators see
Generators
.
Basic functions¶
Bipartite Graph Algorithms¶
is_bipartite (G) |
Returns True if graph G is bipartite, False if not. |
is_bipartite_node_set (G, nodes) |
Returns True if nodes and G/nodes are a bipartition of G. |
sets (G[, top_nodes]) |
Returns bipartite node sets of graph G. |
color (G) |
Returns a two-coloring of the graph. |
density (B, nodes) |
Return density of bipartite graph B. |
degrees (B, nodes[, weight]) |
Return the degrees of the two node sets in the bipartite graph B. |
Matching¶
Provides functions for computing a maximum cardinality matching in a bipartite graph.
If you don’t care about the particular implementation of the maximum matching
algorithm, simply use the maximum_matching()
. If you do care, you can
import one of the named maximum matching algorithms directly.
For example, to find a maximum matching in the complete bipartite graph with two vertices on the left and three vertices on the right:
>>> import networkx as nx
>>> G = nx.complete_bipartite_graph(2, 3)
>>> left, right = nx.bipartite.sets(G)
>>> list(left)
[0, 1]
>>> list(right)
[2, 3, 4]
>>> nx.bipartite.maximum_matching(G)
{0: 2, 1: 3, 2: 0, 3: 1}
The dictionary returned by maximum_matching()
includes a mapping for
vertices in both the left and right vertex sets.
eppstein_matching (G[, top_nodes]) |
Returns the maximum cardinality matching of the bipartite graph G . |
hopcroft_karp_matching (G[, top_nodes]) |
Returns the maximum cardinality matching of the bipartite graph G . |
to_vertex_cover (G, matching[, top_nodes]) |
Returns the minimum vertex cover corresponding to the given maximum matching of the bipartite graph G . |
Matrix¶
Biadjacency matrices¶
biadjacency_matrix (G, row_order[, …]) |
Return the biadjacency matrix of the bipartite graph G. |
from_biadjacency_matrix (A[, create_using, …]) |
Creates a new bipartite graph from a biadjacency matrix given as a SciPy sparse matrix. |
Projections¶
One-mode (unipartite) projections of bipartite graphs.
projected_graph (B, nodes[, multigraph]) |
Returns the projection of B onto one of its node sets. |
weighted_projected_graph (B, nodes[, ratio]) |
Returns a weighted projection of B onto one of its node sets. |
collaboration_weighted_projected_graph (B, nodes) |
Newman’s weighted projection of B onto one of its node sets. |
overlap_weighted_projected_graph (B, nodes[, …]) |
Overlap weighted projection of B onto one of its node sets. |
generic_weighted_projected_graph (B, nodes[, …]) |
Weighted projection of B with a user-specified weight function. |
Spectral¶
Spectral bipartivity measure.
spectral_bipartivity (G[, nodes, weight]) |
Returns the spectral bipartivity. |
Clustering¶
clustering (G[, nodes, mode]) |
Compute a bipartite clustering coefficient for nodes. |
average_clustering (G[, nodes, mode]) |
Compute the average bipartite clustering coefficient. |
latapy_clustering (G[, nodes, mode]) |
Compute a bipartite clustering coefficient for nodes. |
robins_alexander_clustering (G) |
Compute the bipartite clustering of G. |
Redundancy¶
Node redundancy for bipartite graphs.
node_redundancy (G[, nodes]) |
Computes the node redundancy coefficients for the nodes in the bipartite graph G . |
Centrality¶
closeness_centrality (G, nodes[, normalized]) |
Compute the closeness centrality for nodes in a bipartite network. |
degree_centrality (G, nodes) |
Compute the degree centrality for nodes in a bipartite network. |
betweenness_centrality (G, nodes) |
Compute betweenness centrality for nodes in a bipartite network. |
Generators¶
Generators and functions for bipartite graphs.
complete_bipartite_graph (n1, n2[, create_using]) |
Return the complete bipartite graph K_{n_1,n_2} . |
configuration_model (aseq, bseq[, …]) |
Return a random bipartite graph from two given degree sequences. |
havel_hakimi_graph (aseq, bseq[, create_using]) |
Return a bipartite graph from two given degree sequences using a Havel-Hakimi style construction. |
reverse_havel_hakimi_graph (aseq, bseq[, …]) |
Return a bipartite graph from two given degree sequences using a Havel-Hakimi style construction. |
alternating_havel_hakimi_graph (aseq, bseq[, …]) |
Return a bipartite graph from two given degree sequences using an alternating Havel-Hakimi style construction. |
preferential_attachment_graph (aseq, p[, …]) |
Create a bipartite graph with a preferential attachment model from a given single degree sequence. |
random_graph (n, m, p[, seed, directed]) |
Return a bipartite random graph. |
gnmk_random_graph (n, m, k[, seed, directed]) |
Return a random bipartite graph G_{n,m,k}. |
Covering¶
Functions related to graph covers.
min_edge_cover (G[, matching_algorithm]) |
Returns a set of edges which constitutes the minimum edge cover of the graph. |


about
experience
I've got quite a bit of expereince and skill under my belt. Browse my highlights or download the entire resume.
Woodridge Software
Software Developer working on web and mobile applications. Kotlin, HTML, CSS, JS, & Swift tech stack.
Mines Student Gov.
Student Body President represented 4,500+ students and supported 25 student senators. Fostered positive change across campus.
B.S. Computer Science
Colorado School of Mines. Relevant coursework includes Data Structures, Algorithms, and App and Web Development.
Interpersonal Skills
Excellent communication. Well organized. Punctual. Exceptional technical writing and presentation. Flexible team player.
Operations Research
Develop C++ model to produce feasable solution to a continuous casting problem with a Mines PhD student.
Technical Skills
Well versed in Javascript, HTML, CSS, PHP, Kotlin, Java, C++, Git, Python, SQL, Laravel, and Linux/Microsoft/Apple ecosystems.
projects
links
contact
Want to chat about technology? Plants? See my code? I'm available through the links below.


In this course you will learn about web technologies and the different elements of programing. Here are a few topics that will be covered:
Rio Waller has an Associate and a Bachelors of Science degree. She has been working with computers for several years and is a CIT Professor at Fresno City College for almost 12 years. She has done web development for Fresno County Human Services. She enjoys teaching, doing computer work, spiritual and political work.


All of the ships that are showcased here will be classified using the in universe Anaxes War College System of Starship classification.


GNU4droid APT repository
This apt repository contains packages for
gnu4droid
under the
/dists/termux
directory.


Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar born 24 April 1973 is a former Indian international cricketer and a former captain of the Indian national team, regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time.
He is the highest run scorer of all time in International cricket. Often referred to as the 'God of Cricket' by Indian cricket followers,Tendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at the age of sixteen, and went on to represent Mumbai domestically and Indiainternationally for close to twenty-four years. He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first batsman to score a double century in a ODI, the holder of the record for the most number of runs in both Test and ODI, and the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket.


[gecode-users] Multiple thread lock error
Guido Tack
tack at gecode.org
Tue Sep 21 09:56:57 CEST 2010
Chris Mears wrote:
> Hello all,
>
> Sometimes when running an example (e.g. ./bibd -threads 4) with more
> than one thread I provoke this error at the end:
>
> terminate called after throwing an instance of 'Gecode::OperatingSystemError'
>
> ... or sometimes this one:
>
> terminate called after throwing an instance of 'Gecode::OperatingSystemError'
> what(): Mutex::acquire[pthread_mutex_lock]: Operating system error
> Aborted
>
> It happens only some of the time, with Gecode 3.4.0 and with the trunk
> version, on Debian Linux with kernel version 2.6.32.
Could you give us some details on the machine (processor(s), how many cores, hyperthreading)?
> Is this a serious error? It still seems to give the right answer
> before it prints the error.
I don't think the concurrency problems can lead to wrong answers at the moment, but this should be fixed anyway. Can you run it in gdb and send us the stack traces of all the threads when the program crashes? Thanks!
Guido
--
Guido Tack, http://people.cs.kuleuven.be/~guido.tack/
More information about the users
mailing list


Superway Aquarium first opened in 1973. The owner Moon Yee an entrepreneur opened the shop as a suggestion of his father-in-law. Mr. Yee didn't have any experience with keeping aquarium fish. As time went on customers helped him gain knowledge as well as books. After some time, the clientele grew to appreciate the small shop and its owner.
In 1983 the shop had the misfortune of a robbery which led to a fire. This didn't stop Moon, he rebuilt what was lost and bounced back. Many good years would follow. In 2011, Moon retired.
In 2014 Rick Sloop an employee of Moon's for a total of 17 years acquired Superway. Starting with Moon in 1986, Rick quickly new he liked the aquarium hobby and business. Now with a year in the shop of his own Rick is happy to see faces of old and new, and is wanting to help you with all your aquatic needs.
Since 1973
177 W Tennyson Road
Hayward, CA 94544
Open 7 Days
Mon-Sat 11am-8pm
Sun 11am-6pm


|
|
Frames | ||||||
To continue, each bounding box must have a label.
|
|
Frame
Playback
|
Tracking with OpenCV™
Stopped
Finished
Stopped unexpectedly
|


Leicester, Chelsea leapfrog Man City
London - Leicester moved up to second in the Premier League as a 2-0 victory over Arsenal on Saturday further dented the Gunners' hopes of a top-four finish.
Chelsea were also 2-0 victors against Crystal Palace as they too jumped above Manchester City into third.
But it was another woeful afternoon for north London's big two as Tottenham were held 1-1 at home by Sheffield United to slip to 12th.
League leaders Liverpool host City in a highly-anticipated clash between the champions of Europe and champions of England at Anfield on Sunday.
Leicester and Chelsea took advantage of kicking off a day earlier to move a point ahead of City and close to within five of Liverpool.
The Foxes' superior goal difference takes them into second as second-half strikes from Jamie Vardy and James Maddison piled more pressure on beleaguered Arsenal boss Unai Emery.
Arsenal are now eight points adrift of the top four and will fall even further behind should City avoid defeat at Anfield.
Chelsea were equally as impressive with a patient performance to break down a defensively dogged Crystal Palace at Stamford Bridge.
Tammy Abraham opened the scoring as the England striker pounced on a deft flick through by Willian seven minutes into the second half.
Christian Pulisic then secured all three points when the American headed home his fifth goal in his last three Premier League games.
"We won the game relatively comfortably," said Chelsea boss Frank Lampard. "A nice, solid win with a clean sheet."
Tottenham, West Ham woes
Tottenham Hotspur were lucky to even escape with a point as Sheffield United impressed once more to move up to fifth.
"The reality is that for different reasons we are not showing the performances that we expect," said Spurs boss Mauricio Pochettino.
"We are not in a good position in the table."
A rare defensive error from the Blades set up Son Heung-min to open the scoring with his eighth goal of the season just before the hour mark.
David McGoldrick thought he had levelled almost immediately, but after a three-minute delay the goal was ruled out for John Lundstram being millimetres offside in the build-up.
To their credit, Chris Wilder's men were not downhearted and survived another VAR review when George Baldock's cross from the right evaded everyone and found the bottom corner.
"I'm more interested in the recovery of my players, how they went for the jugular to try and get back in the game," said Wilder on the VAR controversy.
West Ham's woes continued as Manuel Pellegrini's men were beaten 3-0 at Burnley to stretch their winless streak to seven games.
Ashley Barnes opened the scoring after 11 minutes as Burnley never looked back.
Chris Wood doubled the hosts' advantage after earlier having a goal ruled out by VAR for offside and a miserable day for the visitors at Turf Moor was summed up when goalkeeper Roberto punched a corner into his own net.
"When you concede so many easy goals it does not help," said Pellegrini.
Everton moved six points clear of the relegation zone thanks to a 2-1 win at Southampton to ease the pressure on Marco Silva.
Tom Davies gave the Toffees the perfect start at St Mary's before Danny Ings equalised early in the second half.
But Richarlison struck the winner 15 minutes from time to secure Everton's first away league win since March.
Newcastle are now seven points clear of the drop zone as they came from behind to beat Bournemouth 2-1 at St James' Park thanks to goals from DeAndre Yedlin and Ciaran Clark.


| DOSE: |
175 mg |
oral |
MDA |
| |
|
smoked |
MDA |
Note: Preceding this experience i had been taking melatonin, vitamin b-6 and Ginko Biloba regularly.
Set, Setting, and Substance Qualities:
I was offered the chance to obtain some 300mg of pure MDA by a person i trust. I accepted. The substance came in the form of a strange brownish syrupy goo. I know for a fact that this was NOT MDMA. The goo smelled like a combination between MDMA and rotten carrots. We were at my friend's house and two of us were going to dose that night. I am experienced with the substance (it's been in my Ecstasy before) but i'd never tried it pure.
There were a bunch of people over and we're all good friends so the environment was positive.  Needless to say we were all blitzed. Then we decided we'd better dose because my friend had work the following day. We weighed out our respective doses and put the goo inside a ball of cigarette rolling paper. We downed it with some water. The goo that remained on my fingers i rubbed into my gums. Tasted absolutely horrid! There was a cigarette paper covered in the dark oil that came off the goo.
THE TRIP:
About 5 minutes after ingestion i felt an alert. Weird. I mentioned it to my friend and he agreed that his was kicking in too. So we booted it out onto his deck for another session to relax. That's when another person arrived with his girlfriend, bringing a couple ounces of buds, and the news that one of those ounces was to smoke that night. oh nice! So we smoked a couple bowls with everyone and talked about old times. hehe. Then i was getting rushes, more intense than MDMA, but about as gentle. The gittery impatient feeling i get with MDMA was not there. Every toke from the weed caused me to jump up one giant notch on the scale and i was already having an intense experience. Emotionaly i felt connected to everyone and everything around me, like my brain had sent out countless psychic tendrils into the soul of every living thing on the planet. I felt strong euphoria and experienced no bodily discomfort.
I lasted about five more minutes before grabbing my girlfriends hand and asking if we could use the guestroom. mwa ha ha. So we ran upstairs and i had one of the most intense hallucinations i've ever witnessed. While i was making love to her my girlfriend's face transformed into that of what i can only guess was the goddess, now my girlfriend IS a goddess as far as i'm concerned, but it was amazing, i can't put into words how strangley empowering it was. I was never able to come to physical orgasm, but the cosmic orgasm i had was better anyways so i didn't care! We came downstairs and smoked some more weed, everyone was happy to see us after our long absence. hehe. This is when i smoked the paper with the rest of the MDA on it. I put some weed in my bowl and folder the paper into a small rectangle, then i just toked hard until it was all gone and the ashes were sucked down the tube. Instanly i felt a huge rush and the trip suddenly took on a more visual countenance.
My girlfriend had to leave to drive home at this point so i stayed, i couldn't leave my friends to the horrible fate of smoking all that weed alone! Next we went out for a walk, and things started getting really interesting. The long grass at the sides of the road swayed in rhythm with the beating of my heart, every rock i looked at had a big smile on it. We sat in a field for a while talking about all our past mushroom trips at that very same spot, as we sat there i was watching these four evergreen trees, simply because they were beautiful to look at, and all of a sudden one of the trees bent towards the others and they appeared to be whispering to each other. Then to my complete and utter astonishment they began dancing elegantly around the field, it was quite a thing to behold.
I was filled with joy and at that exact moment i realized that every living thing is simply here to dance to the phat beat that the universe puts out.
After a while we headed home, and all the while i was getting progressively higher. Most people left a while after that and i grabbed a ride home after helping my friend tidy up his house. When i arrived at home i had i shower, it felt like i was submerged in pure love, i thought alot about my relationships with my friends and my girlfriend and realized that even though life can deal us a hard hand somtimes, there's always more important things that make it all worth while. I went to sleep still high and woke up with a clear head.
Aftermath/Additional Comments:
I enjoy the fact that MDA lasts quite a bit longer than MDMA.
The day after the experience i was pretty sketched out but i had a fun day of long walks and smokin buds. The second day i experienced signifigant depression, but i think that's due to the fact that i won't see my girlfriend for another week.
Overall i'd say that MDA is alot more likey than MDMA to provide a meaningful psychedelic experience. like about 100 times more likely.
Recomended to those who are experienced. I could see how an experience on this drugs COULD be negative although it's pretty unlikely. A bad trip on this drug would be unbearable if it can get as bad as it can good.
Be cautious with dosage too!
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


sn -k path/to/key.snk- Re-sign an assembly with the specified private key:
sn -R path/to/assembly.dll path/to/key_pair.snk- Show the public key of the private key that was used to sign an assembly:
sn -T path/to/assembly.exe- Extract the public key to a file:
sn -e path/to/assembly.dll path/to/output.pub


The goal of this example is to provide a search language to allow users to select from a list of predefined tokens, select a relationship between the token and value, then provide an valid number for the value


The Number Picker provides a way in which users can easily select a number value from a specified range by clicking the up and down buttons or by using the up/down arrow keys on their keyboard.
To implement the Number Picker you must use the number-picker
directive. There are some attributes you may specify
on the number-picker
directive to obtain the functionality you desire:
max
and min
range and must be declared.
true
if the input is invalid, false
otherwise.
The Number Picker contains validation that will show if an input value is invalid which can occur for a number of reasons:
max
and min
)You can see the code used in our example above by selecting the appropriate tabs below:


| |
|
Hi there!
Have you heard I’m running for election as a presidential candidate for my political party - The PILGRIMS Alliance Party of America also known as La Alianza De Peregrinos in 2020, and also campaigning to field candidates for 3078 county and congressional seats nationwide for this mid-term elections, 2018?
Please do not be shy to share this message on facebook messenger, on social media, and with friends, family members, co-workers and colleagues.
Thanks for your immense support and kindness!
My regards,
Abbey Laurel-Smith “SmithieGoesWest"
The PILGRIMS Allianca Party of America (La Alianza De Peregrinos)
@The46thPOTUS_ @ElCuarentaYseis
|
|
|
|


Hover to get the product name. Less Similar More Similar
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The standard memcached architecture has inherent architectural challenges that make memcached applications difficult to write, maintain, and scale. Using Gemcached with Geode addresses these challenges.
Data consistency. Memcached clients must maintain a list of servers where the distributed data is stored. Each client must maintain an identical list, with each list ordered in the same way. It is the responsibility of the application logic to maintain and propagate this list. If some clients do not have the correct list, the client can retrieve stale data. In Geode clusters, all members communicate with each other to maintain data consistency, which eliminates the need to code these behaviors in the memcached clients.
High availability. When a memcached server becomes unavailable, memcached clusters are subject to failures or degraded performance because clients must directly query the backend database. Memcached-based applications must be coded to handle these failures, while Geode clusters handle such failures natively.
Faster cluster startup time. When a memcached cluster fails and a restart is required, the data must be reloaded and distributed to the cluster members while simultaneously processing requests for data. These startup activities can be time-consuming. When a Geode cluster restarts, data can be reloaded from other in-memory, redundant copies of the data or from disk, without having to query the back end database.
Better handling of network segmentation. Large deployments of memcached can use hundreds of servers to manage data. If, due to network segmentation, some clients cannot connect to all nodes of a partition, the clients will have to fetch the data from the backend database to avoid hosting stale data. Geode clusters handle network segmentation to ensure that client responses are consistent.
Automatic scalability. If you need to add capacity to a memcached cluster, you must propagate a new server list to all clients. As new clients come on line with the new list, older clients may not have a consistent view of the data in the cluster, which can result in inconsistent data in the servers. Because new Geode cache server members automatically discover each other, memcached clients do not need to maintain a complete server list. You can add capacity simply by adding servers.
Scalable client connections. A memcached client may need to access multiple pieces of data stored on multiple servers, which can result in clients having a TCP connection open to every server. When a memcached client accesses a Gemcached server, only a single connection to a Gemcached server instance is required. The Gemcached server manages the distribution of data using Geode’s standard features.


An example showing how to detect collision between two circles (uses HTML5/JS).
Two circles collide if the sum of their radii is greater than or equal to the distance between their centers.
function checkCircleCollision(c1, c2) { var a = c1.getX() - c2.getX(); var b = c1.getY() - c2.getY(); var c = (a * a) + (b * b); var radii = c1.getRadius() + c2.getRadius(); return radii * radii >= c; }
The distance between two points can be calculated using Pythagoras' theorem (c^2 = a^2 + b^2). In the example above, we are drawing the triangle so we can see the distance between the center of the circles (distance between two points).
We are also drawing each circle's radius (r1 and r2). Notice that when the circles are not colliding, the distance c is always greater than r1 + r2. When c = (r1 + r2)^2, the circles are touching each other by a single point. And when c < (r1 + r2)^2, the circles are colliding.
Instead of solving c = Math.sqrt(a^2 + b^2), we simply squared the radii variable.
You can find this slightly modified code in main.js as well as in KishiTechJS/circle.js.
In this example, we only detected if two circles are colliding. No response were implemented, other than changing the circle color.
From here, we should implement what happens with the circles as a response to the collision. Will they bounce? Explode? Disappear? This could be a topic for us to write about in the future and an exercise for you to practice!
We hope you enjoyed this article and let us know your thoughts about it! Reach us on Twitter and Facebook.
Copyright © 2015, Kishimoto Studios. All Rights Reserved.


I looked up what they were, and low and behold found out that they were opiates. So, for about three weeks I held on to them, taking 1 or 2 at school about 4 times. Although I liked the feeling that the 1 or 2 pills gave me, I wanted to try a larger dose. So, I decided to take 5 pills one night to see what would happen.
I am not an experienced drug user by any means. Weed maybe a couple times a month, Alchohol maybe once a week or more, DXM twice, and MDMA once.
T+ 00:00
5 pills of 7.5 Hydrocodone each, taken orally, on an empty stomach.
T+ 00:15
Warm fuzzy feeling that accompanies opiates. Sense of well being and mild euphoria.
T+ 00:30
Feeling very tired, beginning to nod off. Warm fuzzy feeling still there.
T+ 01:00 hrs
Completely knocked out. I am slipping in and out, almost a semi-sleeping state. I can still hear and understand people talking, but I am very incapacitated. Unable to speak lucidly or move beyond a slugish crawl.
T+ 03:00 through T+ 04:00
I can move and talk again, although not very well. Feel completely zoned out, with a nice euphoria similar to alcohol, very mild nausea.
T+ 05:00 through T+ 06:00
Effects reduced to a nice buzz, I seem more sociable and happy to my friends.
In conclusion, the experience was not too bad. I liked the euphoric effects and zonked out feeling I got. The 2 hours or so that I was completely dead weren't especially interesting. They slipped by rather quickly actually, and I found myself laughing internally and thinking 'wowwwww...' alot. All in all, a nice experience, but not quite as wonderful as I expected. Perhaps next time I will reduce dosage to 3 or 4 pills at a time and just space them out over a couple of hours in order to produce the nice euphoria and reduced the cracked-out feeling that I got.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


So @laureninspace put the article I wrote @Fighting4Nippon in her weekly Otaku Links.
This is the high point of my life right now.


Zend Framework
LICENSE
This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>so we can send you a copy immediately.
Zend_Http_Client is an implementation of an HTTP client in PHP. The client supports basic features like sending different HTTP requests and handling redirections, as well as more advanced features like proxy settings, HTTP authentication and cookie persistence (using a Zend_Http_CookieJar object)
\Zend_Oauth_Config
$_config= 'null'
Holds the current OAuth Configuration set encapsulated in an instance of Zend_Oauth_Config; it's not a Zend_Config instance since that level of abstraction is unnecessary and doesn't let me escape the accessors and mutators anyway!
bool
$_streamingRequest= 'null'
True if this request is being made with data supplied by a stream object instead of a raw encoded string.
null
Details__call(
string $method, array $args
)
:
mixed
Simple Proxy to the current Zend_Oauth_Config method. It's that instance which holds all configuration methods and values this object also presents as it's API.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $method | string | |
| $args | array |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| mixed |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Oauth_Exception | if method does not exist in config object |
__construct(
array|\Zend_Config $oauthOptions, string $uri
=
null, array|\Zend_Config $config
=
null
)
:
void
Constructor; creates a new HTTP Client instance which itself is just a typical Zend_Http_Client subclass with some OAuth icing to assist in automating OAuth parameter generation, addition and cryptographioc signing of requests.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $oauthOptions | array|\Zend_Config | |
| $uri | string | |
| $config | array|\Zend_Config |
_detectFileMimeType(
string $file
)
:
string
Attempt to detect the MIME type of a file using available extensions
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::_detectFileMimeType()This method will try to detect the MIME type of a file. If the fileinfo extension is available, it will be used. If not, the mime_magic extension which is deprected but is still available in many PHP setups will be tried.
If neither extension is available, the default application/octet-stream MIME type will be returned
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $file | string | File path |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string | MIME type |
_flattenParametersArray(
array $parray, string $prefix
=
null
)
:
array
Convert an array of parameters into a flat array of (key, value) pairs
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::_flattenParametersArray()Will flatten a potentially multi-dimentional array of parameters (such as POST parameters) into a flat array of (key, value) paris. In case of multi-dimentional arrays, square brackets ([]) will be added to the key to indicate an array.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $parray | array | |
| $prefix | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
_getParametersRecursive(
array $parray, bool $urlencode
=
false
)
:
array
Helper method that gets a possibly multi-level parameters array (get or post) and flattens it.
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::_getParametersRecursive()The method returns an array of (key, value) pairs (because keys are not necessarily unique. If one of the parameters in as array, it will also add a [] suffix to the key.
This method is deprecated since Zend Framework 1.9 in favour of self::_flattenParametersArray() and will be dropped in 2.0
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $parray | array | The parameters array |
| $urlencode | bool | Whether to urlencode the name and value |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
_getSignableParametersAsQueryString(
)
:
string
Collect all signable parameters into a single array across query string and POST body. These are returned as a properly formatted single query string.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string |
_openTempStream(
)
:
resource
Create temporary stream
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::_openTempStream()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| resource |
_prepareHeaders(
)
:
array
Prepare the request headers
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::_prepareHeaders()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
_setParameter(
string $type, string $name, string $value
)
:
null
Set a GET or POST parameter - used by SetParameterGet and SetParameterPost
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::_setParameter()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $type | string | GET or POST |
| $name | string | |
| $value | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| null |
encodeAuthHeader(
string $user, string $password, string $type
=
self
)
:
string
Create a HTTP authentication "Authorization:" header according to the specified user, password and authentication method.
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::encodeAuthHeader()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $user | string | |
| $password | string | |
| $type | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
encodeFormData(
string $boundary, string $name, mixed $value, string $filename
=
null, array $headers
=
array
)
:
string
Encode data to a multipart/form-data part suitable for a POST request.
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::encodeFormData()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $boundary | string | |
| $name | string | |
| $value | mixed | |
| $filename | string | |
| $headers | array | Associative array of optional headers @example ("Content-Transfer-Encoding" => "binary") |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string |
getAdapter(
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client_Adapter_Interface
Load the connection adapter
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::getAdapter()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Adapter_Interface | $adapter |
getCookieJar(
)
:
\Zend_Http_CookieJar|null
Return the current cookie jar or null if none.
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::getCookieJar()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_CookieJarnull |
getHeader(
string $key
)
:
string|array|null
Get the value of a specific header
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::getHeader()Note that if the header has more than one value, an array will be returned.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $key | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringarraynull | The header value or null if it is not set |
getLastRequest(
)
:
string
Get the last HTTP request as string
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::getLastRequest()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string |
getLastResponse(
)
:
\Zend_Http_Response
Get the last HTTP response received by this client
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::getLastResponse()If $config['storeresponse'] is set to false, or no response was stored yet, will return null
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Response | or null if none |
getRedirectionsCount(
)
:
int
Get the number of redirections done on the last request
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::getRedirectionsCount()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| int |
getStream(
)
:
boolean|string
Get status of streaming for received data
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::getStream()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| booleanstring |
getStreamingRequest(
)
:
boolean
Check whether the client is set to perform streaming requests.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| boolean | True if yes, false otherwise. |
getUnmaskStatus(
)
:
boolean
Returns the currently configured unmask status
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::getUnmaskStatus()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| boolean |
getUri(
boolean $as_string
=
false
)
:
\Zend_Uri_Http|string
Get the URI for the next request
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::getUri()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $as_string | boolean | If true, will return the URI as a string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Uri_Httpstring |
prepareOauth(
)
:
void
Performs OAuth preparation on the request before sending.
This primarily means taking a request, correctly encoding and signing all parameters, and applying the correct OAuth scheme to the method being used.
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Oauth_Exception | If POSTBODY scheme requested, but GET request method used; or if invalid request scheme provided |
request(
string $method
=
null
)
:
\Zend_Http_Response
Same as Zend_Http_Client::request() except just before the request is executed, we automatically append any necessary OAuth parameters and sign the request using the relevant signature method.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $method | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Response |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
resetParameters(
bool $clearAll
=
false
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Clear all custom parameters we set.
Should be used to reset the request parameters if the client is used for several concurrent requests.
clearAll parameter controls if we clean just parameters or also headers and last_*
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $clearAll | bool | Should all data be cleared? |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
setAdapter(
\Zend_Http_Client_Adapter_Interface $adapter
)
:
void
Load the connection adapter
While this method is not called more than one for a client, it is seperated from ->request() to preserve logic and readability
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $adapter | \Zend_Http_Client_Adapter_Interface |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
setAuth(
string|false $user, string $password, string $type
=
self
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set HTTP authentication parameters
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setAuth()$type should be one of the supported types - see the self::AUTH_* constants.
To enable authentication:
$this->setAuth('shahar', 'secret', Zend_Http_Client::AUTH_BASIC);
To disable authentication:
$this->setAuth(false);
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $user | string|false | User name or false disable authentication |
| $password | string | Password |
| $type | string | Authentication type |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
setConfig(
\Zend_Config $config
=
array
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set configuration parameters for this HTTP client
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setConfig()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $config | \Zend_Config | | array $config |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
setCookie(
\Zend_Http_Cookie|string $cookie, string|null $value
=
null
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Add a cookie to the request. If the client has no Cookie Jar, the cookies will be added directly to the headers array as "Cookie" headers.
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setCookie()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $cookie | \Zend_Http_Cookie|string | |
| $value | string|null | If "cookie" is a string, this is the cookie value. |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
setCookieJar(
\Zend_Http_CookieJar|boolean $cookiejar
=
true
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set the HTTP client's cookie jar.
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setCookieJar()A cookie jar is an object that holds and maintains cookies across HTTP requests and responses.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $cookiejar | \Zend_Http_CookieJar|boolean | Existing cookiejar object, true to create a new one, false to disable |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
setEncType(
string $enctype
=
self
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set the encoding type for POST data
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setEncType()setFileUpload(
string $filename, string $formname, string $data
=
null, string $ctype
=
null
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set a file to upload (using a POST request)
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setFileUpload()Can be used in two ways:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $filename | string | Name of file to upload, or name to save as |
| $formname | string | Name of form element to send as |
| $data | string | Data to send (if null, $filename is read and sent) |
| $ctype | string | Content type to use (if $data is set and $ctype is null, will be application/octet-stream) |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
setHeaders(
string|array $name, mixed $value
=
null
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set one or more request headers
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setHeaders()This function can be used in several ways to set the client's request headers: 1. By providing two parameters: $name as the header to set (e.g. 'Host') and $value as it's value (e.g. 'www.example.com'). 2. By providing a single header string as the only parameter e.g. 'Host: www.example.com' 3. By providing an array of headers as the first parameter e.g. array('host' => 'www.example.com', 'x-foo: bar'). In This case the function will call itself recursively for each array item.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $name | string|array | Header name, full header string ('Header: value') or an array of headers |
| $value | mixed | Header value or null |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
setMethod(
string $method
=
self
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Same as Zend_Http_Client::setMethod() except it also creates an Oauth specific reference to the method type.
Might be defunct and removed in a later iteration.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $method | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |
setParameterGet(
string|array $name, string $value
=
null
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set a GET parameter for the request. Wrapper around _setParameter
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setParameterGet()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $name | string|array | |
| $value | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
setParameterPost(
string|array $name, string $value
=
null
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set a POST parameter for the request. Wrapper around _setParameter
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setParameterPost()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $name | string|array | |
| $value | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
setRawData(
string|resource $data, string $enctype
=
null
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set the raw (already encoded) POST data.
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setRawData()This function is here for two reasons: 1. For advanced user who would like to set their own data, already encoded 2. For backwards compatibilty: If someone uses the old post($data) method. this method will be used to set the encoded data.
$data can also be stream (such as file) from which the data will be read.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $data | string|resource | |
| $enctype | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
setRawDataStream(
string $data, string $enctype
=
null
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set the raw (already encoded) POST data from a stream source.
This is used to support POSTing from open file handles without caching the entire body into memory. It is a wrapper around Zend_Http_Client::setRawData().
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $data | string | The request data |
| $enctype | string | The encoding type |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
setStream(
string|boolean $streamfile
=
true
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set streaming for received data
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setStream()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $streamfile | string|boolean | Stream file, true for temp file, false/null for no streaming |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
setStreamingRequest(
boolean $value
)
:
void
Set the streamingRequest variable which controls whether we are sending the raw (already encoded) POST data from a stream source.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $value | boolean | The value to set. |
setUnmaskStatus(
boolean $status
=
true
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set the unmask feature for GET parameters as array
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setUnmaskStatus()Example: foo%5B0%5D=a&foo%5B1%5D=b becomes foo=a&foo=b
This is usefull for some services
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $status | boolean |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
setUri(
\Zend_Uri_Http|string $uri
)
:
\Zend_Http_Client
Set the URI for the next request
Inherited from: \Zend_Http_Client::setUri()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $uri | \Zend_Uri_Http|string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Http_Client_Exception |


Bonbon gingerbread cake donut donut bonbon. Sugar plum pudding biscuit donut macaroon wafer chocolate. Cupcake cookie lemon drops topping jelly beans jujubes cotton candy fruitcake. Cotton candy gingerbread soufflé wafer bear claw. Pie tootsie roll liquorice soufflé bear claw chupa chups. Cookie croissant cake bear claw cake gummies caramels. Muffin fruitcake cake cheesecake lollipop. Chupa chups apple pie pie pie. Toffee cookie tootsie roll tiramisu liquorice pastry dessert cotton candy. Liquorice fruitcake pudding. Topping liquorice topping tootsie roll bear claw. Fruitcake chocolate bar bear claw jelly. Gummi bears dessert marshmallow biscuit.


Suspect bust trying to smuggle explosives into SA from Zimbabwe
by Staff ReporterA 34-year-old suspect was arrested at the Beitbridge border post on Thursday for trying to smuggle explosives into the country from Zimbabwe.
Police said the explosives were contained in four-gallon (roughly 15l) plastic containers being transported on a trailer. The suspect initially told police that the containers contained oil.
“He was then directed towards the baggage scanner. When the containers were subsequently opened, 398 pieces of blasting cartridges (explosive gel) were found and the suspect was immediately arrested,” police said.
They added that the suspect, who is from Bulawayo in Zimbabwe, would appear soon in the Musina magistrate’s court on charges of possession of explosive materials.
“The motive for the smuggling is not known at this stage, however police investigations are continuing.”


{% extends "web_app/base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block content %}
An internship is on-the-job training for many professional jobs, similar to an apprenticeship, more often taken up by college and university students during his undergraduate or master degree in their free time to supplement their formal education and expose them to the world of work.
1)Paid internship: There are definite fields of employment that are more likely to have remunerated internships.
2)Unpaid internship: These internship is done voluntarily or to just gain work experience.
3)Internship for credits: On the basis of internship programmed report student get credit for its semester.
4)Summer internships: These are conducted during thier summer break.


View the source to get the code.
Name: Update Start date: (dd/mm) Duration: (days) % Complete: Update
Reset data to defaults


| DOSE: T+ 0:00 |
100 mg |
oral |
DiPT |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 6:00 |
|
oral |
Cannabis - Hash |
(powder / crystals) |
After a week of my experience with AMT I decided to try DiPT. I had taken 5-MeO-DiPT before (the first experiment with 5-MeO-DiPT can be read from here, under the title '
The Hillbilly Brother of LSD') and I was prepared for somewhat same kind of experience.
I paid 100 marks ($17) for 100 mg DiPT capsule. It seemed to be so much when compared to the 5-MeO-DiPT doses that I have had (usually 20 mg). I took the capsule orally, which was about an hour later that I had taken my vitamins. I was prepared (once again) for quite quick effect. But the effect didn't come so fast. After an hour I had the usual 'tryptamine buzz' which can be explained as a stimulation around and in the spine and the top of the spine. Although, I was prepared for a massive auditory hallucinations, I didn't get what I expected. Music didn't sound strange (although, some people may think psychedelic trance as a strange music). It didn't sound like tapes that someone had been pulling (like the music sound when I was experimenting with 5-MeO-DiPT). All and all, the auditory disortion was quite mild, like the whole experience. For me, the substance didn't 'open' any philosophical questions at the time. Maybe it was the set and setting.
The experience lasted for 8 hours. After 6 hours had gone by, I decided to eat some cannabis to boost the DiPT effects. I made the cannabis (hashish) to a fine powder and mixed it to a fruit tea with sugar and milk in it. It tasted quite good, suprisingly. After 2 hours (I don't know why it takes so long for me to be turned on and tuned in) I felt the effect caused by cannabis. It boosted the tryptamine effect just a bit, making me feel quite happy. I was actually giggling in my bed at the time. At the same time I was trying to watch a movie from the monitor, but my eyes felt tensed and I didn't enjoy watching the movie. I turned my computer off and went to sleep saying 'good night' to my roommate and giggling myself to sleep.
At the next day, I felt superb. Stimulated and truly great. All and all, I must say that DiPT felt like much more mild than 5-MeO-DiPT when it comes to hallucinations. Of course, it may be the cause of the set and setting, but although they play an important role, they don't count that much when the surroundings are more or less the same than before.
Anyways, it was a good experience all and all. Nice, but not superb.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


What we do at Samasya
Samasya is a mathematics discussion and problem solving club. We discuss a variety of mathematical topics and solve problems as well. To initiate discussions, we post some problems in the middle of the week (usually around wednesday night) and we begin by trying to solve the problems. In the subsequent week, we discuss our solutions (if we manage to solve the problems) and our attempts at possible solutions.
When do we meet?
We usually meet every Friday, at 9:00 p.m., usually in room G-01, in the Old Physics Building. The meetings last for a couple of hours, and at around 10 p.m., we discuss the solutions of the previous week's problems. Of course, one is free to leave at any time wish, and some people might prefer to try the problems for more than a week; they prefer to skip the solution discussion.
The next meeting will take place on 26th August, 2016.
Current problems
| Date | Problems |
|---|---|
| 19th August, 2016 | problems01.pdf |
Past problems
The problems for Autumn 2015 session are here.


Stuart Spence passed away on May 29, 2021. Full obituary...
Over more than thirty years, we (Judy and Stuart Spence) have collected the works you see here. For a while, we lived in a house with enough wall space to show many pieces, but now our house is small and most of the work is in storage, or out on loan - or donated to various museums. This website is a way to present the works we love to those interested in this art and also to curators who may not be as familiar with some of these artists.
The Spences welcome submissions and information from anyone who feels they were affected by these artworks - whether you are an artist, a gallery owner, a collector, or just someone who enjoys art. Send us your thoughts, recollections, or suggestions and we would love to incorporate your feedback into this project. ~ Continue
If you like what you see here, we recommend exploring these other places that matter to us, e.g. Museum of Jurassic Technology, Laguna Art Museum, Grand Central Art Center, Museum of Contemporary Art, and LACMA. From time to time we will reference galleries when there is an exhibition that we especially like.
Judy and Stuart Spence met in Stanford in 1971 where Judy was visiting a medical school roommate, and Stuart was working as a physics post-doc. They were married the same year. They moved to Southern California while the Pasadena Art Museum was still one of the major creative forces in the art-world. They soon found contemporary art, particularly the California flavor of conceptual art, mattered to them in ways they could not have anticipated. This involvement with art has grown into a voyage of self-discovery. Judy has pursued her profession as a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst and Stuart has been in several high-tech ventures, and all the while this art has influenced every part of their lives.


Resources
The Well Preserved Team for you
This is the Well Preserved Team for you! Our Team makes the “Well Preserved with Eunice Khoury” radio show possible every week. We find ourselves recommending these resources again and again on the radio show and in person. The Well Preserved Team is comprised only of reputable businesses that can be a valuable resource for our clients and radio show listeners. Please consider these as businesses when you are looking for assistance:
A Senior Living Residence, Baptist Village has eight locations throughout Oklahoma serving Ada, Broken Arrow, Cleveland, Hugo, Lake Texoma (Madill), Oklahoma City, Okmulgee and Owasso. Entrusted Hearts by Baptist Village operates in three service areas covering much of Oklahoma, including Lawton and the greater Oklahoma City and Owasso/Tulsa areas.. Call<PHONE_NUMBER> or (866) 887-BVRC (2872) Visit their website: baptistvillage.org
Comfort Keepers provides Private In-Home Care. Comfort Keepers® caregivers travel to clients’ homes to provide care services and living assistance, allowing seniors and disabled individuals to live comfortably and independently. Contact Comfort Keepers at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Visit their website: comfortkeepers.com
Dad’s Plumbing Services Provides plumbing from pipes to plungers and everything between! Technicians are dedicated to completing your project (large or small) with quality results, on time, and within your budget. Call Todd Feehan, owner, for a Free estimate on any job.<PHONE_NUMBER> dadsplumbingokc.com.
Regan Forrest, Realtor® SRES, ABR, e-Pro excels in customer service which boils down to a few basic principles: Relationship, Exceptional Customer Service, Accessibility, Trust, and Commitment. As a certified Senior Real Estate Specialist (SRES) Regan has deep compassion for the Senior Market. She is aligned with a broad network of helpful community resources to educate her clients as they transition with downsizing or moving. Regan is with Churchill Brown & Associates. Call her at<PHONE_NUMBER> to discuss your home sale or new home purchase! Visit okdwell.com
Integris Hospice focuses on quality and dignity in hospice. INTEGRIS hospice and palliative care in Oklahoma City is a team-oriented practice delivering the best medical care, pain management, and emotional & spiritual support tailored to the patient’s needs. They also offer support to the family through respite care, bereavement, counseling and support groups.<PHONE_NUMBER>. INTEGRISOK.com/hospice.
Grand Tapestry at Quail Springs is Active Living for active seniors. This apartment community was designed for active adults over age 55. Without all the chores and responsibilities of home ownership, you can easily find time to socialize with friends or take part in the on-site programs and events planned by their activities director. Call<PHONE_NUMBER>. Visit their website: tapestryokc.com.
Dr. Tim E. Young of Young Chiropractic is currently the Founder and President of The Oklahoma Chiropractors’ Association, Founder and President of FocusOKC, as well as the Co-Founder of Next Level Chiropractic Development. Along with running one of the more successful chiropractic offices in the nation, Dr. Young excels in maintaining a balanced life with family as his first priority. Dr. Young maintains a mission to serve his community and patients with love, compassion and gratitude. Call<PHONE_NUMBER> or visit dryoungsoffice.com.
NewView Oklahoma has a mission to empower blind and vision impaired individuals to achieve their maximum potential through employment, rehabilitation and community outreach. They assist people across the entire state of Oklahoma! Visit newviewoklahoma.org to learn more or call<PHONE_NUMBER> (Toll Free) or<PHONE_NUMBER> (OKC).
The Veraden assisted living is in a residential environment with care close at hand. We offer 24‐hour support and 24‐hour access to care; however, privacy and independence are encouraged. The Veraden community develops a personalized plan to meet medical needs, while providing the freedom to continue to be independent. Assisted living offers convenient dining options as well as medication management, daily assistance, transportation, and common areas for social and recreational activities. Visit their site for more information.
Zoe Haskins CPA - If you are looking for a blend of personal service and expertise, you have found it! Zoe offers a broad range of services for business owners, executives and independent professionals. With affordable rates, experience and friendly staff, you will be delighted with your experience. Call for a free initial consultation<PHONE_NUMBER> or visit her website: zoecpa.com
As an expert in “green” technology, and a CertainTeed Select Shingle Master® company, McRoof is redefining the expectations and perception of the roofing industry one customer at a time. Call them today! 405‐600‐5587 or visit their website for Tulsa and Dallas contact information.
Additional helpful resources:
Coach Frank & Barbara Broyles Legacy — Alzheimer’s Caregivers & Dementia Support.
Contact: Betsy Broyles<EMAIL_ADDRESS>website: broylesfoundation.com
The McCarville Report - Mike McCarville - insightful political commentary — website: McCarvillereport.com
Oklahoma Department of Veterans Affairs<PHONE_NUMBER> local<PHONE_NUMBER>


| switch_mod | index /Users/siah/src/switch/switch_mod/__init__.py |
This package defines the Switch model for Pyomo.
The core modules in this package are timescales, financials, load_zones,
fuels, gen_tech, and project.
An additional module is required to describe fuel costs - either
fuel_cost which specifies a simple flat fuel cost that can vary by load
zone and period, or fuel_markets which specifies a tiered supply curve.
Also, an additional module is required to constrain project dispatch -
either project.no_commit or project.unitcommit.
Most applications of this Switch will also benefit from optional modules
such as transmission, local_td, reserves, etc.
I wrote some magic sauce so that you can treat this package as a module
that includes all of the core modules instead of having to refer to them
individually. This means you can either specify your module list as:
switch_modules = ('switch_mod', 'project.no_commit', 'fuel_markets')
or as
switch_modules = (
'timescales', 'financials', 'load_zones', 'fuels', 'gen_tech',
'project', 'project.no_commit', 'fuel_markets')
You will get an error if you include both the package and the core modules,
because they are redundant.
| Data | ||
| core_modules = ['switch_mod.timescales', 'switch_mod.financials', 'switch_mod.load_zones', 'switch_mod.fuels', 'switch_mod.gen_tech', 'switch_mod.project'] |


| Role within project | Gross annual salary | Rate (£/day) | Days to be spent by all staff at this grade | Total costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total labour costs |
| Role within project | Gross annual salary | Rate (£/day) | Days to be spent by all staff at this grade | Actions |
|---|
| 20% of labour costs | total overhead costs |
|---|---|
| Total overhead costs | £0 |
| Custom administration support costs |
Rate calculated: |
|---|---|
| Total administration support cost | £0 |
| Calulated overheads | Total calculated overheads |
|---|---|
| No overhead calculation spreadsheet uploaded | |
Download the overhead calculation spreadsheetOverhead calculation spreadsheet.pdf |
|
| Total cost of overheads as calculated in the spreadsheet | £0 |
You are not currently applying for overhead costs
There is no need to provide any further supporting documentation or calculations. Actual costs can be claimed up to a maximum of this calculated figure.
| Item | Quantity | Cost per item | Total | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total materials costs |
| Item | Quantity | Cost per item | Total | Actions |
|---|
| Item description | New or Existing | Depreciation period | Net present value | Residual value | Utilisation | Net cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total capital usage | £0 |
| Subcontractor name | Country | Role | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mr Francis Bois | France | Specialist consultant | £ 150,000 |
| Total subcontracting costs | £150,000 |
| Purpose of journey or description of subsistence cost | Number of times | Cost each (£) | Total (£) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total travel and subsistence |
| Purpose of journey or description of subsistence cost | Number of times | Cost each (£) | Total (£) | Actions |
|---|
| Description and justification of the cost | Estimated cost (£) |
|---|---|
| Total other costs |
| Description and justification of the cost | Estimated cost (£) | Actions |
|---|
Please seek confirmation that the project is still eligible for funding.
| Start date | Duration | Total project cost | Grant applied for | Other public sector funding | Total % grant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £ |
£ |
£ |
| Partner | Total costs | % Grant | Funding sought | Other public sector funding | Contribution to project |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | £ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
|
|
Organisation Name Lead |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
| Partner | Total | Labour | Overheads | Materials | Capital usage | Subcontract cost | Travel and subs | Other costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | £ |
|||||||
|
Organisation Name Lead |
£ |
£ |


Currency Exchanger
Amount
Currency to exchange from
USD = US Dollar
MXN = Mexican Peso
CAD = Canadian Dollar
JPY = Japanese Yen
NOK = Norwegian Krone
EUR = Euro
Currency to exchange to
USD = US Dollar
MXN = Mexican Peso
CAD = Canadian Dollar
JPY = Japanese Yen
NOK = Norwegian Krone
EUR = Euro
invalid
Submit


{% assign path = page.url | split:"/" %}
{% if page.url == site.site_home %} A collection of tools to process your linguistic data: annotation, conversion, analysis. {% elsif {{path[1]}} == 'salt' %} A powerful, tagset-independent and theory-neutral meta model and API for storing, manipulating, and representing nearly all types of linguistic data. {% elsif {{path[1]}} == 'pepper' %} A highly extensible plattform for conversion and manipulation of linguistic data between an unbound set of formats. Pepper can be used stand-alone as a command line interface, or be integrated as an API into other software products. {% elsif {{path[1]}} == 'annis' %} A web browser-based search and visualization architecture for complex multilayer linguistic corpora with diverse types of annotation. {% elsif {{path[1]}} == 'hexatomic' %} A cross-platform multi-layer corpus annotation tool – and extensible platform – for the desktop. {% endif %}


| 006:139 Khan | : |
And they say: "What is in the bellies of such and such cattle (milk or foetus) is for our males alone, and forbidden to our females (girls and women), but if it is born dead, then all have shares therein." He will punish them for their attribution (of such false orders to Allah). Verily, He is All-Wise, All-Knower. |
| 006:139 Maulana | : |
And they say: That which is in the wombs of such and such cattle is reserved for our males, and forbidden to our wives, and if it be stillborn, they are partners in it. He will reward them for their (false) attribution. Surely He is Wise, Knowing. |
| 006:139 Pickthal | : |
And they say: That which is in the bellies of such cattle is reserved for our males and is forbidden to our wives; but if it be born dead, then they (all) may be partakers thereof. He will reward them for their attribution (of such ordinances unto Him). Lo, He is Wise, Aware. |
| 006:139 Rashad | : |
They also said, "What is in the bellies of these livestock is reserved exclusively for the males among us, and prohibited for our wives." But if it was a still birth, they permitted their wives to share therein. He will certainly requite them for their innovations. He is Most Wise, Omniscient. |
| 006:139 Sarwar | : |
They have also said, "Whatever exists in the wombs of these animals belongs to our people alone and it is not lawful for our women." However, if they are born dead, then everyone will have a share. God will give them what they deserve for (their unjust laws). God is All-merciful and All-knowing. |
| 006:139 Shakir | : |
And they say: What is in the wombs of these cattle is specially for our males, and forbidden to our wives, and if it be stillborn, then they are all partners in it; He will reward them for their attributing (falsehood to Allah); surely He is Wise, Knowing. |
| 006:139 Sherali | : |
And they say, 'That which is in the wombs of such and such cattle is reserved for our males and is forbidden to our wives;' but if it be born dead, then they all partake thereof. HE will reward them for their assertion. Surely, HE is Wise, All-Knowing. |
| 006:139 Yusufali | : |
They say: "What is in the wombs of such and such cattle is specially reserved (for food) for our men, and forbidden to our women; but if it is still-born, then all have share therein. For their (false) attribution (of superstitions to Allah), He will soon punish them: for He is full of wisdom and knowledge. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الشرك والمشركون > أصنامهم والتهكم بهم على عبادتها Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Polytheism and the Polytheists> Their Idols and the Mockery for Worshipping them أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > افتراؤهم على الله وتكذيبهم ومجادلتهم بآيات الله Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> Their Fabrication Against Allah, their Denial and Argumentation Against Allah's Signs الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الذميمة > الافتراء على الله ورسوله Man and The Moral Relations>The Dispraised Morals>Fabrication Against Allah and His Messenger
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