All Classes
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AddOnceSet<V> |
On top of being freezable, this type prevents removing and overwriting key-value pairs.
|
| AllowsInterrupt |
Annotation indicating that this method or constructor increases the statement time,
or allows the execution to be interrupted.
|
| AnnotatedAPI | |
| AnnotationMode |
In this package, because it is used in the highlighter as well
|
| BeforeMark |
Opposite of @E1Immutable @E2Immutable as a dynamic type annotation on fields and methods.
|
| Constant |
A field has been assigned, or a method returns, a constant value.
|
| Container |
Implies that no method of this type modifies its parameters.
|
| Dependent |
Opposite of @Independent.
|
| Dependent1 |
"content dependent"
|
| Dependent2 |
"content dependent"
|
| E1Container |
Annotation marking that the type is effectively or eventually level 1 immutable (all fields are (eventually) @Final),
and the type is a container.
|
| E1Immutable |
Annotation marking that the type is effectively or eventually level 1 immutable (all fields are (eventually) @Final).
|
| E2Container | |
| E2Immutable | |
| Either<A,B> |
An object holding either an object of type
A , or one of type B ; it cannot hold both or neither. |
| EventuallyFinal<T> | |
| ExtensionClass |
Annotation indicating that a type is an extension class.
|
| Final |
Annotation indicating that a field is effectively or eventually final.
|
| Finalizer |
Annotation indicating that the method returns 'this'.
|
| FirstThen<S,T> |
An object which first holds an object of type
S , and, in the second and final stage of its life-cycle,
holds an object of type T . |
| FlipSwitch | |
| Fluent |
Annotation indicating that the method returns 'this'.
|
| Freezable |
Super-class for eventually immutable types.
|
| Identity |
Annotation indicating that the method returns its first parameter.
|
| IgnoreModifications |
Annotation used to indicate that modifications on a field can be ignored.
|
| Independent |
Annotation indicating that the method or constructor is not linked to its support data parameters.
|
| Lazy<T> |
Implementation of a lazy value, where
null is used to indicate that the value has not been
evaluated yet. |
| Linked |
Annotation for debugging purposes: explains if and where a field links to.
|
| Linked1 |
Annotation for debugging purposes: explains if and where a field content links to.
|
| Mark |
Annotation to mark a modifying method.
|
| Modified |
Opposite of @NotModified
|
| Modified1 |
Used for parameters of abstract types
|
| MutableModifiesArguments |
Present when a type is neither @Container nor @E1Immutable.
|
| NotModified |
Indicates that no modifications took place in the method; that the parameter's content was not modified,
that no method modifies the content of the field.
|
| NotModified1 |
Used for functional types, as a dynamic type annotation, to indicate that the single abstract method
does not modify either parameter or variables in the closure.
|
| NotNull |
On a method, indicates that it never returns null.
|
| NotNull1 |
Content not null, one level up from not null.
|
| NotNull2 |
Marks that the content of content is not null
|
| Nullable |
Opposite of NotNull
|
| Only |
As part of the eventual computations, @Only methods can either be executed before or after a mark.
|
| PropagateModification |
Indicates that an abstract method has been called on this parameter, and modification needs propagating
at the place of calling
|
| SetOnce<T> | |
| SetOnceMap<K,V> |
On top of being freezable, this type prevents removing and overwriting key-value pairs.
|
| Singleton | |
| TestMark |
Annotation to mark a non-modifying method, returning a boolean
on whether the mark has been achieved or not
|
| UtilityClass |
Annotation on a type to indicate that the type is a properly defined utility class.
|
| Variable |
Opposite of @Final
|


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block title %}My Profile{% endblock %} {% block content %}
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---
type: section
title: Home
---
The Canadian Digital Service teams up with federal departments and agencies to put people’s needs at the centre of government services.
Our aim is to make services easier for government to deliver. We collaborate with people who work in government to address service delivery problems. We test with people who need government services to find design solutions that are easy to use.
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001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.apache.juneau.internal; 018 019import java.io.IOException; 020import java.io.InputStream; 021import java.io.Reader; 022import java.nio.ByteBuffer; 023import java.nio.CharBuffer; 024import java.nio.charset.Charset; 025import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder; 026import java.nio.charset.CoderResult; 027import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction; 028import java.util.Objects; 029 030/** 031 * {@link InputStream} implementation that reads a character stream from a {@link Reader} 032 * and transforms it to a byte stream using a specified charset encoding. The stream 033 * is transformed using a {@link CharsetEncoder} object, guaranteeing that all charset 034 * encodings supported by the JRE are handled correctly. In particular for charsets such as 035 * UTF-16, the implementation ensures that one and only one byte order marker 036 * is produced. 037 *
 038 * Since in general it is not possible to predict the number of characters to be read from the 039 * {@link Reader} to satisfy a read request on the {@link ReaderInputStream}, all reads from 040 * the {@link Reader} are buffered. There is therefore no well defined correlation 041 * between the current position of the {@link Reader} and that of the {@link ReaderInputStream}. 042 * This also implies that in general there is no need to wrap the underlying {@link Reader} 043 * in a {@link java.io.BufferedReader}. 044 *
 045 * {@link ReaderInputStream} implements the inverse transformation of {@link java.io.InputStreamReader}; 046 * in the following example, reading from {@code in2} would return the same byte 047 * sequence as reading from {@code in} (provided that the initial byte sequence is legal 048 * with respect to the charset encoding): 049 *
 050 * InputStream in = ... 051 * Charset cs = ... 052 * InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(in, cs); 053 * ReaderInputStream in2 = new ReaderInputStream(reader, cs);
 054 * {@link ReaderInputStream} implements the same transformation as {@link java.io.OutputStreamWriter}, 055 * except that the control flow is reversed: both classes transform a character stream 056 * into a byte stream, but {@link java.io.OutputStreamWriter} pushes data to the underlying stream, 057 * while {@link ReaderInputStream} pulls it from the underlying stream. 058 *
 059 * Note that while there are use cases where there is no alternative to using 060 * this class, very often the need to use this class is an indication of a flaw 061 * in the design of the code. This class is typically used in situations where an existing 062 * API only accepts an {@link InputStream}, but where the most natural way to produce the data 063 * is as a character stream, i.e. by providing a {@link Reader} instance. An example of a situation 064 * where this problem may appear is when implementing the {@code javax.activation.DataSource} 065 * interface from the Java Activation Framework. 066 *
 067 * Given the fact that the {@link Reader} class doesn't provide any way to predict whether the next 068 * read operation will block or not, it is not possible to provide a meaningful 069 * implementation of the {@link InputStream#available()} method. A call to this method 070 * will always return 0. Also, this class doesn't support {@link InputStream#mark(int)}. 071 *
 072 * Instances of {@link ReaderInputStream} are not thread safe. 073 * 074 * @since 2.0 075 */ 076public class ReaderInputStream extends InputStream { 077 private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024; 078 079 private final Reader reader; 080 private final CharsetEncoder encoder; 081 082 /** 083 * CharBuffer used as input for the decoder. It should be reasonably 084 * large as we read data from the underlying Reader into this buffer. 085 */ 086 private final CharBuffer encoderIn; 087 088 /** 089 * ByteBuffer used as output for the decoder. This buffer can be small 090 * as it is only used to transfer data from the decoder to the 091 * buffer provided by the caller. 092 */ 093 private final ByteBuffer encoderOut; 094 095 private CoderResult lastCoderResult; 096 private boolean endOfInput; 097 098 /** 099 * Construct a new {@link ReaderInputStream}. 100 * 101 * @param reader the target {@link Reader} 102 * @param encoder the charset encoder 103 * @since 2.1 104 */ 105 public ReaderInputStream(final Reader reader, final CharsetEncoder encoder) { 106 this(reader, encoder, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE); 107 } 108 109 /** 110 * Construct a new {@link ReaderInputStream}. 111 * 112 * @param reader the target {@link Reader} 113 * @param encoder the charset encoder 114 * @param bufferSize the size of the input buffer in number of characters 115 * @since 2.1 116 */ 117 public ReaderInputStream(final Reader reader, final CharsetEncoder encoder, final int bufferSize) { 118 this.reader = reader; 119 this.encoder = encoder; 120 this.encoderIn = CharBuffer.allocate(bufferSize); 121 this.encoderIn.flip(); 122 this.encoderOut = ByteBuffer.allocate(128); 123 this.encoderOut.flip(); 124 } 125 126 /** 127 * Construct a new {@link ReaderInputStream}. 128 * 129 * @param reader the target {@link Reader} 130 * @param charset the charset encoding 131 * @param bufferSize the size of the input buffer in number of characters 132 */ 133 public ReaderInputStream(final Reader reader, final Charset charset, final int bufferSize) { 134 this(reader, 135 charset.newEncoder() 136 .onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE) 137 .onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE), 138 bufferSize); 139 } 140 141 /** 142 * Construct a new {@link ReaderInputStream} with a default input buffer size of 143 * <c>1024</c> characters. 144 * 145 * @param reader the target {@link Reader} 146 * @param charset the charset encoding 147 */ 148 public ReaderInputStream(final Reader reader, final Charset charset) { 149 this(reader, charset, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE); 150 } 151 152 /** 153 * Construct a new {@link ReaderInputStream}. 154 * 155 * @param reader the target {@link Reader} 156 * @param charsetName the name of the charset encoding 157 * @param bufferSize the size of the input buffer in number of characters 158 */ 159 public ReaderInputStream(final Reader reader, final String charsetName, final int bufferSize) { 160 this(reader, Charset.forName(charsetName), bufferSize); 161 } 162 163 /** 164 * Construct a new {@link ReaderInputStream} with a default input buffer size of 165 * <c>1024</c> characters. 166 * 167 * @param reader the target {@link Reader} 168 * @param charsetName the name of the charset encoding 169 */ 170 public ReaderInputStream(final Reader reader, final String charsetName) { 171 this(reader, charsetName, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE); 172 } 173 174 /** 175 * Fills the internal char buffer from the reader. 176 * 177 * @throws IOException 178 * If an I/O error occurs 179 */ 180 private void fillBuffer() throws IOException { 181 if (!endOfInput && (lastCoderResult == null || lastCoderResult.isUnderflow())) { 182 encoderIn.compact(); 183 final int position = encoderIn.position(); 184 // We don't use Reader#read(CharBuffer) here because it is more efficient 185 // to write directly to the underlying char array (the default implementation 186 // copies data to a temporary char array). 187 final int c = reader.read(encoderIn.array(), position, encoderIn.remaining()); 188 if (c == -1) { 189 endOfInput = true; 190 } else { 191 encoderIn.position(position+c); 192 } 193 encoderIn.flip(); 194 } 195 encoderOut.compact(); 196 lastCoderResult = encoder.encode(encoderIn, encoderOut, endOfInput); 197 encoderOut.flip(); 198 } 199 200 /** 201 * Read the specified number of bytes into an array. 202 * 203 * @param array the byte array to read into 204 * @param off the offset to start reading bytes into 205 * @param len the number of bytes to read 206 * @return the number of bytes read or -1 207 * if the end of the stream has been reached 208 * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs 209 */ 210 @Override 211 public int read(final byte[] array, int off, int len) throws IOException { 212 Objects.requireNonNull(array, "array"); 213 if (len < 0 || off < 0 || (off + len) > array.length) { 214 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Array Size=" + array.length + 215 ", offset=" + off + ", length=" + len); 216 } 217 int read = 0; 218 if (len == 0) { 219 return 0; // Always return 0 if len == 0 220 } 221 while (len > 0) { 222 if (encoderOut.hasRemaining()) { 223 final int c = Math.min(encoderOut.remaining(), len); 224 encoderOut.get(array, off, c); 225 off += c; 226 len -= c; 227 read += c; 228 } else { 229 fillBuffer(); 230 if (endOfInput && !encoderOut.hasRemaining()) { 231 break; 232 } 233 } 234 } 235 return read == 0 && endOfInput ? -1 : read; 236 } 237 238 /** 239 * Read the specified number of bytes into an array. 240 * 241 * @param b the byte array to read into 242 * @return the number of bytes read or -1 243 * if the end of the stream has been reached 244 * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs 245 */ 246 @Override 247 public int read(final byte[] b) throws IOException { 248 return read(b, 0, b.length); 249 } 250 251 /** 252 * Read a single byte. 253 * 254 * @return either the byte read or -1 if the end of the stream 255 * has been reached 256 * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs 257 */ 258 @Override 259 public int read() throws IOException { 260 for (;;) { 261 if (encoderOut.hasRemaining()) { 262 return encoderOut.get() & 0xFF; 263 } 264 fillBuffer(); 265 if (endOfInput && !encoderOut.hasRemaining()) { 266 return -1; 267 } 268 } 269 } 270 271 /** 272 * Close the stream. This method will cause the underlying {@link Reader} 273 * to be closed. 274 * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs 275 */ 276 @Override 277 public void close() throws IOException { 278 reader.close(); 279 } 280}


Gryffindor is one of the four Houses of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, founded by Godric Gryffindor. Godric instructed the sorting hat to choose a few particular characteristics he most values. Such character traits of students Sorted into Gryffindor are courage, chivalry, and determination. The emblematic animal is a lion, and its colours are scarlet and gold. Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, also known as "Nearly Headless Nick" is the house ghost. Gryffindor corresponds roughly to the element of fire, and it is for that reason that the colours scarlet and gold were chosen to represent the House[1]. The colour of fire corresponds to that of a lion as well, with scarlet representing the mane and tail and gold representing the coat.


This book landing page template is made by product designer Xiaoying Riley for developers. You can use this template to self-publish and promote your book/ebook. You can easily use platforms such as Gumroad to handle your book payment and delivery.
This template is 100% FREE as long as you keep the footer attribution link. You do not have the rights to resell, sublicense or redistribute (even for free) the template on its own or as a separate attachment from any of your work. If you’d like to use this template without the footer attribution link, you can buy the commercial license.


Speech
Michael Gove, Secretary of State for Education, speaks to the first Education Reform Summit in London.
It’s an enormous pleasure to join the Education Foundation in welcoming everyone today to the first ever global Education Reform Summit held here in London.
Everyone here has a story to tell about the changes that idealistic teachers are making to improve the lives of the next generation.
Everyone here will also have experiences to share about the specific challenges they face in helping children to succeed.
And all of us will be able to learn from each other - about those successes and challenges - in order to ensure that we can all make a difference for good to the lives of young people.
Because everyone here is united by more than just a professional commitment to improving education. We all share a moral purpose - liberating individuals from ignorance, democratising access to knowledge, making opportunity more equal, giving every child an equal chance to succeed.
And nowhere has the case for reform to drive that moral mission been clearer than in England.
As part of our long-term economic plan to secure a better future for Britain, we want to deliver the best schools and skills for our young people. We want young people and their parents to have the peace of mind that they’ll gain the skills they need to get a good job, no matter where they live or how well off they are.
When this government was formed in 2010 we inherited one of the most segregated and stratified education systems in the developed world.
More than a fifth of children left primary school without reaching a basic level of literacy and numeracy; two-fifths finished full-time education without even the bare minimum qualifications that most employers and universities demand.
And what made this scandal more shameful was the inequality it entrenched. The poorest students overwhelmingly attended the weakest schools. And as children made their way through the education system in England, the gap between rich and poor widened.
Closing that gap is a personal crusade for me.
But it’s also an economic imperative for every developed nation.
Because the twin forces of economic globalisation and technological advance are transforming the world we live in.
Our jobs, our lives, our economies and our societies are going through dramatic and irreversible change.
For the next generation to flourish, education systems must equip every child with the knowledge and skills, the qualifications and confidence they need to succeed.
Children who leave school with no skills or low skills will find their employment opportunities limited and their horizons narrowed.
If we are to defeat the evil of youth unemployment and give the next generation economic security then many more children need to be educated to a far higher level than we now accept.
We need not just to close the gap, but to raise the bar.
And while globalisation and technology make reform imperative, they also allow it to be more collaborative.
We have to achieve both much greater equity and much higher standards than our predecessors - but we also have access to much richer data and much deeper knowledge about what works.
We now have the networks and mechanisms to assess policies more rigorously than ever before, compare innovations and learn from each other.
In the past, great teachers - and indeed education ministers - have operated in isolation from any systematic and rigorous analysis of which of their interventions worked. Views on pedagogy or funding had to be taken on trust.
But in the last decade there has been a much more rigorous and scientific approach to learning. Instead of a faddish adherence to quack theories about multiple intelligences or kinaesthetic learners, we have had the solidly grounded research into how children actually learn of leading academics such as E.D. Hirsch or Daniel T. Willingham.
And when it comes to analysing which interventions, approaches and techniques help children to learn more quickly, more deeply and more sustainably we have also had access to a better bank of data than ever before,
The OECD ’s PISA study, alongside the data from PIRLS , TIMSS and other studies, have transformed our understanding of what works.
And that data and the data of what happens in individual classrooms with individual practitioners has been analysed by reformers from John Hattie to Sir Michael Barber, so the lessons of what works can be shared more effectively than ever before.
One of the most encouraging trends in English education - which helps the cause of reform worldwide - is the way in which those leading the debate and driving evidence-based change in our schools are teachers.
We commissioned Dr Ben Goldacre - the author of ‘Bad Science’, a brilliant debunking of pseudo-scientific myths and fallacies - to help improve the use of evidence in English education.
And the biggest enthusiasts for his work have been teachers.
Teachers such as Andrew Old, Daisy Christodoulou, Robert Peal, Joe Kirby, Kris Boulton and Tom Bennett have used social media and professional networks to drive this move towards a more rigorous and evidence-based approach to helping children learn.
We in the UK government want to do everything to support this move. We believe the evidence base we build here can help children worldwide. We set up a new charity, the Education Endowment Foundation, to trial and evaluate the most effective techniques to narrow the gap in attainment between children from rich and poor backgrounds.
We have also set up a network of teaching schools to act as generators of evidence and excellent practice in education in the same way as teaching hospitals generate medical innovation.
These are schools rated outstanding by independent inspectors - and they are pioneering breakthroughs in learning and building evidence from which all professionals can benefit.
As are similar organisations across the globe, from the What Works Clearinghouse, Uncommon Schools and the Knowledge is Power Programme.
We have built our reform programme in this country on the evidence we have gathered so far of what works in those countries where the gap has been narrowed and the bar has been raised.
We have studied what works in the highest performing and most improved education systems - from Poland and the Netherlands to Singapore and Shanghai - and we have sought to implement the essence of those policies here.
That has meant:
We’ve done all we can to ensure the authority, respect and prestige of teachers is enhanced in and beyond the classroom. We’ve scrapped absurd ‘no touch’ policies which prevented teachers from keeping control in the classroom as well as keeping children safe; and given teachers back powers to manage pupil behaviour.
By following the evidence - by adhering to the principle that what’s right is what works - there has been a renaissance in English state education.
The benefits of our long-term plan are already starting to show:
Since 2010, the number of children in failing secondary schools has fallen by almost a quarter of a million.
Eight hundred thousand more pupils are now being taught in schools ranked good or outstanding by independent inspectors compared to 2010 - and around 50 of those schools didn’t even exist 4 years ago.
In the same period, around 600 of the worst-performing primary schools have been taken over by expert sponsors or headteachers - the majority of which are already leading other schools with a proven track record of success.
This has been an explicit continuation of a policy set in train by 2 of my predecessors, Andrew Adonis and Tony Blair: the academies programme.
Progress on this policy stalled under Gordon Brown but has been massively accelerated under this government.
It is giving the very best heads control over many more schools, and thousands of children a better start in life.
Underperforming schools taken into the academies programme and placed under the leadership of great heads are improving more rapidly than those schools which remain in the hands of local politicians.
A stunning example of what’s happened under this programme is the progress made by a school in London which used to be called Downhills Primary and which has been reborn as Harris Primary Academy Philip Lane.
When Downhills was under the control of local politicians, it failed its pupils year after year. For almost a decade it drifted in and out of the very lowest category of performance: ‘special measures’.
Pupils failed to meet minimum standards in maths and English for 5 years in succession - provoking repeated demands for significant improvement.
When it was proposed that Downhills should become an academy and benefit from the leadership of great headteachers who had brought success elsewhere, local politicians and trade unions fought reform every step of the way.
But 2 years later the evidence is clear. As Ofsted’s first inspection of the new Harris Academy Philip Lane reported:
Pupils’ progress has improved rapidly since the academy opened in 2012 […]. Leadership and management, including governance, are outstanding. Leaders have brought about considerable improvements in teaching, behaviour and achievement because of very high expectations [and] worked very closely with parents, who are supportive of the academy.
This transformation is a credit to the hard work and dedication of the school’s teachers and leaders - and of the Harris Federation’s expert, experienced team.
Harris Primary Academy Philip Lane is now giving hundreds of pupils and parents a better, brighter chance in life. Like all the Harris academies - and particularly through the 2 Harris teaching schools - spreading their best practice and outstanding teaching techniques to many more schools than ever before.
And it’s not alone. All over the country, failing schools are being taken over and transformed - and brand new schools are being set up, bringing new choice and high standards.
Look at the Greenwood Dale trust, led by the recently and deservedly knighted Sir Barry Day.
As a teacher, Barry worked in some of the most deprived schools in the country, helping children from the poorest backgrounds. As head of Greenwood Dale School, a secondary in an extremely deprived area of Nottingham, he transformed a failing school into one of the most successful schools in the country - and one of the first to become an academy sponsor in its own right.
Today - overseeing 22 academies and 2 free schools - he’s using that proven track record to reach exponentially more children than ever before.
Right across the East Midlands, working in the most disadvantaged communities, Greenwood Dale Trust academies are achieving fantastic results. Last year, on average, the proportion of pupils achieving 5 or more good GCSEs including English and maths rose more than twice as fast in Greenwood Dale Trust academies as in local authority schools across the country.
And there are many, many more examples. Look at Reach Academy in Feltham, a new, innovative, all-through free school founded by dedicated teachers.
Look at the London Academy of Excellence, a fantastic new sixth-form free school, drawing its students from some of the most deprived areas of London and aiming to send them to the top universities in the world.
Look at Sir Michael Wilkins’ schools - including a teaching school - in the Outwood Grange Trust. More others than I can mention - teachers leading change in a self-improving system.
But that doesn’t mean ‘job done’. There’s still much further to go.
In 10 years’ time, children who started school back in September 2010 will be finishing compulsory education at the age of 18 – the first cohort since our reforms began.
So today I’d like to set out what the self-improving system should achieve by that time.
What a world-class education, and education system, will look like - not just today and tomorrow, but next year, and in 2024 and beyond.
More and more schools run - and more and more decisions made - by teachers, not politicians.
Higher standards and higher expectations from every school and every pupil at every stage and every age.
More children from all backgrounds taking core academic subjects at GCSE - the best possible preparation for apprenticeships, places at top universities, and good jobs.
A drastic reduction in levels of illiteracy and innumeracy in our country and in our schools.
A marked and sustained rise in school quality, driven by every school being part of a supportive, collaborative chain or network - because when you give schools more autonomy, they collaborate more, not less.
Calm, orderly classrooms, and stretching, challenging curricula. Exams that command respect among universities and employers alike.
Basically, it means this.
Every child in the country, no matter where they live, what their background, or whatever type of school they attend, gets the sort of education which introduces them to the best that has been thought and said.
The sort of education which equips them to do whatever they want in life - and leaves no opportunity out of reach.
That is the mission which drives me and unites all of us.
This is the goal we are all striving to achieve.
Of course, any change to the status quo is difficult. Of course, people can be more frightened of what might be lost than inspired by what might be gained.
But for years, for decades, our status quo has simply not been good enough. We can’t and we mustn’t keep going backwards - and failing the poorest above all.
So to those striking today - to those walking out of classrooms to take to the streets - I urge them to reconsider.
The unions, in the past, have claimed to ‘stand up for education’.
I urge them to join all of us in this hall, all of us who are really standing up for education - putting education first and foremost - and the education of our most deprived children most of all.
So thank you again for coming here today.
For your commitment to the future of education - and the futures of every individual child in your care, today, tomorrow and in the years to come.
Thank you, above all, to the Education Foundation for all their hard work to create this event today.
May it be a celebratory, ambitious, inspiring day for all of us - and a turning point in the global movement of education reform.
Thank you.
Published: 10 July 2014


Welcome to the Temperature Converter API
We currently support two funcitonalities:
- Convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit
- Convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius
Want to give it a try?
Below you can convert a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit
Temperature in Celsius:
Below you can convert a temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius
Temperature in Fahrenheit:


(Appendix 26)
EMS/XMS is no longer used in any version. But you need to put "1" to allow memory cache in the BBS. It now means "memory cache" and then allows to put the list of options which follow this line in memry to be faster. This page was last updated


We make contemporary music accessible by exploring avant garde ideas through fun and interactive experiments.
Improvisation is key to our weekly meetup, using the power of collaboration to boost confidence, empathy, self-awareness and creativity.
Our peer led regular performances showcase the talented musicians amongst our ranks.
The first 'sound art workshop' takes place at Firstsite, with Simon leading workshops encouraging participants to explore the sounds of the building and turn it into an instrument.
What happens when you put a string quartet through a guitar pedalboard? Well - this is exactly what we explored. With the quartet playing on repeat, we twisted their luscious sounds into walls of distortion and delay.
Partnering with Colchester Zoo, we learnt about the vocalisations of some of the zoo inhabitants and then created a chest thumping sub-bass installation as part of the Flipside exhibition at Firstsite, Colchester.
With the support of Firstsite, CLIP becomes a monthly meetup at Firstsite as part of their Young Peoples program.
In partnership with Firstsite and Essex Youth Services, CLIP is awarded a £17,000 giving us 12 months of funding!
Sound Artist
Simon has over a decade of experience as a Sound Designer, working with high profile clients such as BBC, MTV and The Tate Modern. You can find him turning old junk into instruments or recording the sounds of the sky from a hot air balloon.
Sound Artist
Frazer composes music and sound for film, video games and art installations. He has a deep passion for technology and explores it through his art installations, educational workshops and also projects for his games studio, Teaboy Games.


After the preprocessing steps, there are some things to do that will be helpful (and sometimes necessary) for other pipelines. Those things that are helpful are: (1) brain mask, (2) tissue segmentation, and (3) extracted brain only image. After you complete this section, you should be able to:
The intensity value of the brain can be plotted in a histogram with voxel count versus intensity value. From that histogram, you can that the background, CSF, WM, and GM have a range of potential values for each pixel (mixed Gaussians).
Regions of interest (ROIs) on the other hand have a single value within the ROI. That value can be any number, but within that ROI it is a single uniform number. A single ROI will often be 1 and the background would be 0. However, you can combine ROIs and give each ROI a different number. Although an ROI can be the whole brain, typically (by definition) it is a subset of the overall dataset.
An overlay on the other hand is more like a regular scan acquired from the scanner. In fact, different sequences can be overlaid on top of each other: PET scan over a T1, fMRI activation over a T1. Overlays contain data can be visualized on top of a T1 or T2 or whatever. Overlays like normal T1 images have a range of values and not a single binary value.
The following pipeline creates various ROIs and overlays that can be used in a number of ways.
The purpose of a brain mask is not for any specific quantification, but more generally, to remove “data” that does not need to be included in any analyses. Depending on what you want to analyze, it is always best to clean up your dataset. In terms of brain analyses, we want to remove anything not brain. This process is sometimes called brain extraction or skull-stripping. Most likely, you will never be analyzing the skull, dura mater, arachnoid space, etc. Therefore, you will want to remove these structures from the image.
Many programs will have their own brain extraction protocols. These protocols are fast and not always reliable. For example, FSL brain extraction tool may be one of the more common brain extraction programs available. Here’s an example of the FSL BET toolbox:
In my experience, if you are working with non-typical or even children images, these traditional brain extraction protocols will fail either leaving out brain tissue or including more than just brain.
One alternative is to use a pipeline designed to utilize the analytical power of ANTs. Here’s an example of the brain extraction from ANTs:
Remember, the brain mask does not have to be perfect, but it does need to include all the brain tissue and then not too much extra. The ANTs protocol also does tissue segmentation and from that dataset, if you wanted to get a hyper-specific brain mask, you could use just GM and WM to generate a mask:
Back to the histogram of a brain. Recall that the histogram is voxel count versus intensity values with CSF, GM, and WM all having their own range of intensity values. Optimally you would want each CSF, GM, and WM to have very distinct and separate Gaussians, so that it would be easy to determine which voxels were what type of tissue. However, there are many factors that will cause greater overlap between the mixed Gaussians:
Obviously, if you were just using histogram matching to do tissue segmentation, you would end up with a lot of incorrectly identified voxels. The ANTs pipeline accomplishes tissue segmentation not only using an algorithm to separate the various tissue gaussians, but also a probability approach. Part of the ANTs cortical thickness pipeline will take a template with known tissue segmentations and warp it to look like the participant image. The purpose is to create an overlay that gives the likelihood (or probability) for each voxel as to whether or not it is CSF, WM, or GM. By using this probability approach, you are able to reduce the total voxels within the histogram. By iterating between histograms and probability maps, ANTs cortical thickness is able to get closer to a valid tissue segmentation. The key ROIs generated are: CSF, WM, GM, subcortical gray matter, brainstem, and cerebellum.
Let’s set the subject directory again and make an output directory for antsCorticalThickness.sh:
Now let’s set the template directory:
Running this code will take 6+ hours, so run on the FSL supercomputer only:
The output from this process is pure gold! But let’s talk about templates first.
If you are studying children between 8 and 12, it does not make sense to use an adult template or worse a template that’s a 70 year old brain. Same goes for if you are just studying females, you don’t want a template that includes males. Select a template that best matches your population.
ANTs has provided several templates already: http://figshare.com/articles/ANTs_ANTsR_Brain_Templates/915436
The output of antsCorticalThickness.sh provides lots of outputs for tons of possible analyses:
From these outputs, you can do:


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What awesomnes do you wish to do today?
Learn some stuff on
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removexattr, lremovexattr, fremovexattr - remove an extended attribute
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/xattr.h>
int removexattr(const char *path, const char *name);
int lremovexattr(const char *path, const char *name);
int fremovexattr(int fd, const char *name);
Extended attributes are name:value pairs associated with inodes
(files, directories, symbolic links, etc.). They are extensions to the normal
attributes which are associated with all inodes in the system (i.e., the
stat(2) data). A complete overview of extended attributes concepts can
be found in xattr(7).
removexattr() removes the extended attribute identified by
name and associated with the given path in the filesystem.
lremovexattr() is identical to removexattr(), except
in the case of a symbolic link, where the extended attribute is removed from
the link itself, not the file that it refers to.
fremovexattr() is identical to removexattr(), only
the extended attribute is removed from the open file referred to by
fd (as returned by open(2)) in place of path.
An extended attribute name is a null-terminated string. The
name includes a namespace prefix; there may be several, disjoint
namespaces associated with an individual inode.
On success, zero is returned. On failure, -1 is returned and errno is set
appropriately.
- ENODATA
- The named attribute does not exist.
- ENOTSUP
- Extended attributes are not supported by the filesystem, or are
disabled.
In addition, the errors documented in stat(2) can also
occur.
These system calls have been available on Linux since kernel 2.4; glibc support
is provided since version 2.3.
These system calls are Linux-specific.
getfattr(1), setfattr(1), getxattr(2), listxattr(2),
open(2), setxattr(2), stat(2), symlink(7),
xattr(7)
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest
version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.


decide which programming language to learn with this interactive quiz
If you’d rather develop Android apps (which include apps for devices like the Kindle Fire, not just smartphones), then Java is the language to learn. Native Android apps are all coded in Java. Java used to be the standard for learning to code in computer science courses (but has since been replaced by Python, which I’ll talk about further down), which means it’s a good language to tackle when you’re starting out programming. That said, it’s also incredibly powerful and has tons of advanced capabilities.
PHP is by far the most popular backend language today, with 80 percent of websites utilizing it 'server-side'. It is perhaps best known for it's use in content management systems like Wordpress, Drupal, and Joomla. But the versatility of the language and the frameworks it powers make employment options numerous and diverse. If you're keen to work for a fast paced agency that builds websites for lots of clients, or maintain the security and stability of a huge complex of government websites, or if you like the idea of building out small sites for brands, businesses, and organizations - In any of these cases, PHP would be a great way to go
Ruby is a favorite language of developers building interactive web applications. If an app involves users creating accounts, entering information, and interacting with dynamic content, there's a good chance it is built with Ruby. Ruby became popular because the Rails framework, which is written with Ruby, simplified many of the common tasks associated with building web applications. It's most popular with startups and smaller companies who are looking to build their product quickly.
HTML is a well-accepted format for internal publishing at most companies. From project plans to schedules to checklists and more, you can easily export or post HTML content in many ways and from many tools. Sure, HTML supports basic text formatting, but CSS gives you a lot more to work with visually: page layout, typography, animation, effects, and more. With a little custom CSS, you can make mundane messages look marvelous, stark business reports look stunning, and your HTML emails look exceptional.
C# is most commonly used for building applications that run on Windows. It’s used for web development (with Microsoft’s .NET framework), game development, and general Windows development. It’s now possible to write iOS and Android apps with C#, too, using the Xamarin platform


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Contents
Started during the Bronze Age:
Minoneans also started around this time
TIMELINE Comparison:
-
2000 BC --> 1900 BC ~ First Greek Settlers
-
1600 BC --> 1000 BC ~ Myceneans
-
1200 BC --> 1050 BC ~ Civilization Collapse
Myceneans culture ---> Pottery and Grave Sites
They had:
-
Capital: Mycenae
-
A single ruling king
-
Large stone structures
-
Spoke early form of Greek
-
Linear A Script
-
Minoan (Undeciphered)
-
Fire Baked
-
Earlier
Both actually do contain similarities, however B was different enough.
-
Built on top of hills
-
Consists of citadels and royal palaces
-
Used stones
- Palace Economy
- Goods are stored inside the Palace then redistributed. No currency
Most of the economy consists of:
-
Farming - Cities surrounded by farmland
-
Trade - All across Mediterranean (eastern)
-
Serveral Empires dissapeared at the same time (Hitties)
-
1200 BC --> 1050 BC
-
May have been natural disaster
-
Or iron weapons
-
NO WRITING SURVIVED
The Greek times that followed were called the Greek Dark Ages. However, everything the Mycenean built were NEVER transferred to Classical Greek


|
October 13, 2012
The meeting was called to order by President Jane
Ewing at 2:00 p.m. in King Room A at Pueblo West Library. Sixteen
members and four guests were present.
Members attending were:
-
Jim (N0OBV)
- Tom (KD0SAH)
- Paul (KB0JIT)
- David (KY6YYY)
- Julian (KD0SYS)
- Jane (KA0USA)
- Neal (KD0MBL)
- Amanda (K1DDN)
- Billy (K5LKT)
- Del (KD0RRH)
- Steve (KD0QCS)
- Carrie (KD0SOV)
- Roger (W0ROG)
- Jeff (KC0CTN)
- Stan KC0OYO)
- Andy (ND0P)
Guests:
-
Tony Gonzalez (KD0OXO)
- Brian England
- Michael England
- Tim Stull
October Birthdays:
-
Bob (WD0FBW)
- Bill (WA0KAQ)
- Ed (NI5R)
- Linden (KC6ELM)
New Members:
-
Don (KC7JZV)
- Torry Krutzke
Newly Licensed Members:
Members renewing since last meeting:
Memberships expired in October:
-
J (KD0GTR)
- Dwight (WB0HBJ)
- Billy (K5LKT)
Memberships Expiring in November: None
ARRL Membership Report:
New ARRL Memberships or Renewals: None
News from the members: (What have you
done in the last month pertaining to amateur radio?)
-
Tom (KD0SAH); I didn't do anything.
-
Del (KD0RRH); I have been studying for general. I will
take general test next month. We have been on a month long trip. I
found a list of repeaters for the Oregon coast. It gave the top
repeater for the area.
-
Julian (KD0SWS); I passed General test today. I have
been back east for a while. I am studying for the Extra test.
-
Tony (KD0OXO); I have done some 2M work.
-
Tim (visitor); I have been doing some radio work for
other people and installed new radios in all the volunteer fire
department trucks in an area in northwest Colorado. I passed my
Technician test today.
-
Roger (W0ROG); I worked a lot of DX and other QSO's. I
was disappointed by all the foul mouthed and impolite people out
there. I found so many people only making contacts and not wanting to
just talk to anyone.
-
David (KY6YYY); I worked the VE session. I worked on
my antenna.
-
Jeff (KC0CTN); Have been trying to clean out the shop
to make an area for the radios.
-
Billy (K5LKT); Neal fixed my Outbacker antenna and I
have worked some 10 MHz CW.
-
Carrie (KD0SO Not much.
-
Steve (KD0QCF); I made 29 contacts last month on 10
and 20 M. Had a good time on 10 m.
-
Amanda (K1DDN); I got on 40 M the other day for the
first time in a long time. I was able to talk to some friends. I will
be starting my 40 meter net. I have not been able to use the foot
switch. We went camping and talked a little on 70 CM. I worked the
Pioneer Days parade and the run at the Royal Gorge bride. I will
start being on Ham Nation again.
-
Jim (N0OBV); I got a new handheld. Have been working
on an amp for Jeff's 5.8 GHZ link. I have found one amp but it is
only good for about 5 watts. I found a solid state amp but it has to
be tuned and they are strip line technology and that is hard to tune.
-
Neal (KD0MBL); We went camping and made some QSO's.
Don't park your mobile rig under one leg of the G5RV as it causes all
kind of trouble. I have been playing with ARES and Mars. Oct 27 is
the simulated emergency test. It is region wide as region 15, 16 and
19 are working together. Dist 16 net is Sunday night at 7:30 pm.
There will be a cw and packet tests and practice. I will send out an
e-mail to everyone.
-
Mike (visitor); I passed the Tech test today. I have
been studying for the last month. I have been resisting the urge to
buy every radio I see on the internet.
-
Brian (visitor); I passed the Tech test today.
-
Andy (ND0P); I did one thing. I ran into Paul and he
told me about his G5RV and how good it was. And one is on the way.
-
Paul (KB0JIT); I worked the VE session and did work
some of the California QSO Party and a few other contacts. I went to
the rag chew and have been working on some antennas and mostly just puttering.
-
Stan (KC0OYO); Left the meeting early due to company.
-
Jane (KA0USA); I worked my first Summit On The Air. I
enjoyed the rag chew and it was very successful. There were 26 people there.
Secretary's Report:
-
Meeting notes are e-mailed to all members and
prospects as soon as they are written and are posted on our website,
beginning with the January 2010 meeting. We also have a copy of the
minutes of last month's meeting at the sign-in table at each meeting
for anyone who would like to go through it. If anyone has questions
about the minutes, the Secretary will be happy to answer them and
make corrections if needed.
Treasurer's Report:
Ways & Means Report:
-
Carrie (KD0SOV) reports tickets in the amount of
$130.00 have been sold for the 6M radio.
-
Items donated to the club by Stan (KC0OYO) to be sold
are a FET Voltmeter and a Capacitance bridge. A Signal Generator and
other various items were purchased by Paul (KB0JIT) for $20.00 to go
to the club treasury.
-
The club has a 13 element 2M beam for sale. This
antenna new is $250.00. It is very high gain. It is excellent for
moon bounce or if you would like to talk to someone in Kansas City.
There is also a 6M 3-element beam for sale. They all have been
checked. I also have a 10M beam, Cushcraft 3-element antenna that I
have not yet put together so I have not been able to check it out.
Old Business:
-
Helping the Canon City club with repairs to their
repeater in lieu of helping Jeff with his repeaters was discussed and
Amanda (K1DDN) said Jeff declined any help. Discussion was held on
the Canon City club tower being in trouble and they could use help
with cables and tower work. The info available was that they have
tower sections to use so it is possible they might need help with
making new cables. WA0NLK is the person to talk to about helping them.
-
Discussion was held about the new repeater being
linked for the simplex net so many other people can check in. The
purpose of the simplex net is to test the ability of everyone to be
able to communicate in case of an emergency. Simplex nets also help
everyone to practice the use of relays in communicating. Simplex is
simplex. The point was brought up that linking the repeaters can be a
problem with delays and people not realizing the problems caused by
linking. Some frustration has been caused by the problems with linking.
-
Net etiquette was also discussed. It was suggested a
simple document be written about proper simplex net use to be sent
out to all members.
-
The suggestion was made to alternate the repeater and
simplex nets. No action was taken.
-
The suggestion was made to have the names of the
persons checking into the nets put into a drawing every couple of
months. The prizes could be gift certificates or things like that.
This will be discussed further.
New Business:
-
The test session had 5 people and all passed their test.
-
Julian (KD0SNS); Rye, passed General
-
Joseph Griego (new); Pueblo, passed the Technician
-
Timothy Stull (new); from northwest Colorado, passed
the Technician
-
Michael England (new); Pueblo, passed the Technician
-
Brian England (new); La Junta, passed the Technician
-
The nominating committee will bring the nominations
for officers to the November meeting, and nominations from the floor
can be brought up at the next meeting as well. Officers will be
elected at the December meeting.
-
A Christmas party was discussed. The party will be
held at the Library following the December meeting. A motion to hold
the Christmas party on December 8 was made by Steve (KD0QCF); and
seconded by Billy (K5LKT). The motion carried with two dissensions.
Motion carried.
-
Discussion was held on whether having the party
catered or a potluck. Potluck won. Steve (KD0QCF) offered to bring
the turkey. Further information on the potluck will be discussed at
the November meeting.
-
David (KY6YYY) will be making all future club badges.
Amanda (K1DDN) suggested making prototype badges to let every one see
which design they would like.
-
Jane (KA0USA); brought up donating cases of water to
the Pueblo West Fire Department. Some one should present the water to
the Fire Department. Motion was made by Steve (KD0QCF) to purchase 10
cases of water to be donated to the fire department. Seconded by
Billy (K5LKT). Passed.
Miscellaneous:
-
Coming Events
-
Each Tuesday - 7:00 p.m. First session of the PWARC
net on the Royal Gorge Ham Club repeater at Canon City (145.490 [-] PL103.5).
-
Each Tuesday - 7:30 p.m. Second session of the PWARC,
146.445 MHz FM simplex. Alternate frequency, 146.430 FM simplex.
-
Thursday, Oct. 25 - 7:00 p.m. - Test for back-up net
frequency on 147.000 (+), PL 100. Main purpose is to see how many
club members can hit this repeater, especially those in Pueblo and
east of there.
-
Saturday, Nov. 3 - 9:00 a.m. - Ragchew - Hen House Café.
-
Saturday, Nov. 10 - Noon to 2:00 p.m. - VE Session,
Pueblo West Library.
-
Saturday, Nov. 10 - 2:00 p.m. - PWARC meeting, Pueblo
West Library
For other events, see the PWARC Calendar at www.qsl.net/na0pw/Calendar.htm
Next month's Program(s): TBA
Raffle: Ticket sales for the MFJ-9406 6M
rig that will be given away at the Christmas Party.
Comments or questions before adjournment?
Adjournment: Adjournment called by
President Jane (KA0USA);
Program: none
Submitted by Paul Sipes, KB0JIT
PWARC Secretary |


Estimate a sharp or fuzzy regression discontinuity design
STATS RDD DEPENDENT=varname* RUNNING=varname*
THRESHOLD=value* TREATMENT=varname
INDEP=variables CLUSTER=varname
/OPTIONS KERNEL=TRIANGULAR** or RECTANGULAR or EPANECHNIKIV
or QUARTIC or TRIWEIGHT or TRICUBE or GAUSSIAN or
COSINE
BANDWIDTH=list of values
SETYPE=HC1** or HC3 or CONST or HC or HC0 or HC1 or HC2 or HC4
or HC4m or HC5
MCCRARY=YES** or NO
PLOT = YES** or NO
/HELP
* Required
** Default
STATS RDD /HELP. prints this information and does nothing else.
STATS RDD DEPENDENT=y RUNNING=x THRESHOLD=0 INDEP=cov
/OPTIONS BANDWIDTH=.4 .5 .7 .8 .9.
DEPENDENT names the dependent or outcome variable.
RUNNING names the running or assignment variable. It must have a scale measurement level.
THRESHOLD specifies the cutoff above which the treatment is given.
If TREATMENT is not specified, the design is sharp; if a variable is specified, the design is fuzzy.
INDEP is a list of covariates. They must have a scale measurement level.
CLUSTER specifies a variable whose values are cluster numbers within which the errors are assumed correlated. If specified, robust standard errors are calculated regardless of the SETYPE setting. The R package documentation suggests that if the running variable is discrete that the data be clustered by its values.
KERNEL specifies the kernel to be used.
BANDWIDTH specifies a list of bandwidths. If not specified, the bandwidth is calculated by the Imbens-Kalyanaraman method, and that is used along with half and double the value.
SETYPE specifies the robust standard error method to be used if not overridden by the use of CLUSTER. CONST assumes constant variances while the others assume heteroscedasticity. HC0 is White's estimator. The others are variations of it.
MCCRARY=YES produces the McCrary sorting test
PLOT=YES produces a plot of the outcome vs the running variable and, for fuzzy designs, a plot of the treatment vs the running variable. The plot setting also controls whether the McCrary test produces a plot.
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 2014


Yakkee is designed to bring friends and loved ones together and provide opportunity for interactivity and provide care.
Some types of interactivity include games like chess, checkers and a variety of card games. You can also watch videos together while on video chat.


Ski Area Location Visualization
The US has many alpine ski areas in a variety of sizes. The interactive map below helps to visualize their location and a number of other facets. Click on any point to view detailed information about that individual ski area.
Visualize by:
Location
Vertical Drop
Skiable Area
Peak Elevation
Annual Snowfall
Trails
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Vertical Drop:
Peak Elevation:
Trails:
Skiable area:
Base Elevation:
Lifts:
Annual Snowfall:
Map It
Website
Wikipedia


Project GUPPI is an extension for Jupyter Notebook. Project GUPPI's goal is to unify cloud computing process
interactions across cloud platforms
and integrate that process directly into a data scientist's native work environment.
Pen Pals is a free social-networking platform for book readers to meet and discuss their favorite books.
Upon registering, users will create a profile containing a picture and description of themselves, along with their favorite book titles and genres.
They can then search for and message users based on book interests.
ShutterMate is an app for chess players who perfer a physcial board, but still want to utilize the
board analysis tools available only to digital players. ShutterMate allows these players to photograph their
physcial board,
convert it to a digital board, and analyze it with a built-in Stockfish engine.
Helping Low-Income Individuals Find Their Next Meal
FoodClues is a texting service and web app designed to help those reliant on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
find their next meal. Anyone can text their current address to our secure line at +1<PHONE_NUMBER> to recieve the name, address,
and current distance from the nearest EBT-accepting establishment.


The collisionless kinetic equation (Vlasov equation) is given by
|
| (59) |
It is ready to ﬁnd that the characteristic lines of the equation is given by
|
| (60) |
and
|
| (61) |
Along a characteristic line, the kinetic equation is written
|
| (62) |
where f is the total particle distribution function (full-f). Particles methods that use Monte-Carlo sampling to approximate the total f are called total-f or full-f method.
Since the phenomena we consider in tokamak plasmas are usually developing from an equilibrium or near-equilibrium state, it is desirable to calculate the the evolution of the only the perturbation, instead of the total f. Therefore, we write f as the sum of a known time-independent distribution function f0 (∂f0∕∂t=0) and a unknown time-dependent perturbation δf (∂δf∕∂t≠0):
|
| (63) |
Then the kinetic equation (62) is written
|
| (64) |
Particle methods that use Monte-Carlo sampling to approximate the δf are usually called δf method. When the right-hand side of Eq. (64) is known, Eq. (64) can be integrated to obtain the time evolution of δf. The time evolution of δf can also be obtained by using
|
| (65) |
In this way, the time integration of δf∕dt is avoided, which may reduce the computational overhead and improve the accuracy of δf. This seemingly trivial method was emphasized in a CPC paper[1], which introduces an adaptive f0 method based on this idea. I have tested this method in my toy code about the 1D Landau damping, which gave the same results as the usual method. However, Yang Chen pointed out that this method is never used in simulations of tokamak plasmas due to the following reasons. The chosen equilibrium distribution function f0 in tokamak plasmas simulation is usually not a solution the following time-independent Vlasov equation:
|
| (66) |
Instead, the chosen f0 is a solution of the following equation
|
| (67) |
where S is a nonzero term. On the other hand, the perturbation part is governed by the following equation
|
| (68) |
Then it is ready to prove that the actual kinetic equation for the full f in the usual tokamak simulation is actually given by
|
| (69) |
which indicates that f is not a constant along the characteristic curves and thus is not consistent with the algorithm given in Eq. (65). **may be wrong, check**The case given in Eq. (69) is the more relevant case to tokamak experiments where a particular form of f0 is maintained by external sources and we are asked to calculate the perturbation evolution around f0.**wrong!


US prisoners released early by software bug
The bug miscalculated the sentence reductions prisoners in Washington state had received for good behaviour.It was introduced in 2002 as part of an update that followed a court ruling about applying good behaviour credits.State officials said that many early-release prisoners would have to return to jail to finish their sentences.
Read moreOne of the very first things you will cover in QA are the different kinds of bus there are. There are a total of 5 you will need to remember. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), being the different stages a product goes threw before its releas date. How to properly log any bugs you find within a spec. Following the different methods testers use, which are constantly changing. One of the industry standards used today is Agile Testing. One other thing you will cover is White and Black Box Testing. In addition you will also cover White Box Dynamic and Static Testing; Black Box Dynamic and Static Testing. You will learn about Test-to-fail and Test-to-pass. One of the last of few things you will learn in QA is VCS (Version Control Systems), which can be very helpful while testing or creating a product.
More InfoIf you're intrested in learning a bit more about QA but don't know where to start, ther will be a link to a very insightful book at the end of this page. It is what we used in our QA class and it will give you an overview of QA and software testing. One out of two of the major things you will need to know is logging a specification bug. A basic templet should have your name, the date, the products name, the version number, and 3 pieces of information. Such as the type of bug you found, a potential bug, why you think it's a bug, and your suggested solution to fixing this bug. In addition you will have to know the 5 bugs that exist to actually identify them. The second thing will be Equivelence Partitioning. Equivalence partitioning (also called Equivalence Class Partitioning or ECP) is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. In principle, test cases are designed to cover each partition at least once.


--- date: 2011-10-18T00:00:00Z published: true title: Emptyage — Generation X Doesn't Want to Hear It url: /2011/10/18/emptyage-generation-x-doesn-t-want-to-hear-it/ ---
But Generation X is tired of your sense of entitlement. Generation X also graduated during a recession. It had even shittier jobs, and actually had to pay for its own music. (At least, when music mattered most to it.)  It lost its meager savings in the dot-com bust. Then came George Bush, and 9/11, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Generation X bore the brunt of all that. And then came the housing crisis.
Generation X wasn’t surprised. Generation X kind of expected it.


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| Test Case | INIT-0015 |
| Title | UI Initialization |
| Objective | This test case is intended to verify the following implied or specified requirements:
Successful execution of this test case verifies that the user interface displayed on the Android device has the expected fields and buttons. |
| Setup |
|
| Actions |
|
| Expected | A status field and command button will exist. When the command button is pressed when bluetooth is disabled on the Android device, a communication failure message will be displayed in the status field. |
| Results | UNTESTED |
| Cleanup |
|
| Requirements | GDO-UI-EXT-IF-010, GDO-UI-EXT-IF-020, GDO-UI-EXT-IF-020.002 |


| YANG Model | Compilation | Compilation Result (pyang --lint). pyang 2.5.3 | Compilation Result (pyang). Note: also generates errors for imported files. pyang 2.5.3 | Compilation Results (confdc) Note: also generates errors for imported files. confd version confd-7.6 | Compilation Results (yangdump-pro). Note: also generates errors for imported files. yangdump-pro 20.10-9 | Compilation Results (yanglint -V -i). Note: also generates errors for imported files. yanglint 2.0.164 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| PASSED WITH WARNINGS | ietf-yang-types@2013-07-15.yang:84: warning: the module seems to use RFC 2119 keywords, but the required text from
RFC 8174 is not found (see pyang --ietf-help for details). |
||||
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| PASSED WITH WARNINGS | ietf-yang-library@2016-06-21.yang:152: warning: the module seems to use RFC 2119 keywords, but the required text
from RFC 8174 is not found (see pyang --ietf-help for details). |


Manage your Apartment Finder Web application:
- Insert apartment and building information
- Manage users
- Monitor apartment availability
- Export select database tables into XML files
- Check on building-amenity information
- Manage your database!
A user's dream home is only a button click away!


Collections
class, and all take the form of static methods whose first argument
is the collection on which the operation is to be performed.
The great majority of the algorithms provided by the Java platform operate on
List
instances, but a few of them operate on arbitrary
Collection
instances. This section briefly describes the following algorithms:
sort
algorithm reorders a List
so that its
elements are in ascending order according to an ordering relationship.
Two forms of the operation are provided. The simple form takes a
List
and sorts it according to its elements'
natural ordering. If you're unfamiliar with the concept
of natural ordering, read the
Object Ordering section.
The sort
operation uses a slightly optimized merge sort
algorithm that is fast and stable:
n log(n)
time and runs substantially faster on nearly sorted lists.
Empirical tests showed it to be as fast as a highly optimized quicksort.
A quicksort is generally considered to be faster than a merge sort but isn't
stable and doesn't guarantee n log(n)
performance.
trivial program
prints out its arguments in lexicographic (alphabetical) order.
import java.util.*; public class Sort { public static void main(String[] args) { List<String> list = Arrays.asList(args); Collections.sort(list); System.out.println(list); } }
% java Sort i walk the line
[i, line, the, walk]
The second form of sort
takes a
Comparator
in addition to a List
and sorts the elements with the
Comparator
. Suppose you want to print out the anagram
groups from our earlier example in reverse order of size — largest
anagram group first. The example that follows shows you how to achieve
this with the help of the second form of the sort
method.
Recall that the anagram groups are stored as values in a Map
,
in the form of List
instances. The revised printing code iterates
through the Map
's values view, putting every List
that passes the minimum-size test into a List
of List
s.
Then the code sorts this List
, using a Comparator
that expects List
instances, and implements reverse size-ordering. Finally, the code iterates through the sorted List
,
printing its elements (the anagram groups). The following code replaces
the printing code at the end of the main
method in the
Anagrams
example.
// Make a List of all anagram groups above size threshold. List<List<String>> winners = new ArrayList<List<String>>(); for (List<String> l : m.values()) if (l.size() >= minGroupSize) winners.add(l); // Sort anagram groups according to size Collections.sort(winners, new Comparator<List<String>>() { public int compare(List<String> o1, List<String> o2) { return o2.size() - o1.size(); }}); // Print anagram groups. for (List<String> l : winners) System.out.println(l.size() + ": " + l);
the program
on the
same dictionary
as in
The Map Interface section, with the same minimum anagram group size
(eight), produces the following output.
12: [apers, apres, asper, pares, parse, pears, prase, presa, rapes, reaps, spare, spear] 11: [alerts, alters, artels, estral, laster, ratels, salter, slater, staler, stelar, talers] 10: [least, setal, slate, stale, steal, stela, taels, tales, teals, tesla] 9: [estrin, inerts, insert, inters, niters, nitres, sinter, triens, trines] 9: [capers, crapes, escarp, pacers, parsec, recaps, scrape, secpar, spacer] 9: [palest, palets, pastel, petals, plates, pleats, septal, staple, tepals] 9: [anestri, antsier, nastier, ratines, retains, retinas, retsina, stainer, stearin] 8: [lapse, leaps, pales, peals, pleas, salep, sepal, spale] 8: [aspers, parses, passer, prases, repass, spares, sparse, spears] 8: [enters, nester, renest, rentes, resent, tenser, ternes,Â treens] 8: [arles, earls, lares, laser, lears, rales, reals, seral] 8: [earings, erasing, gainers, reagins, regains, reginas, searing, seringa] 8: [peris, piers, pries, prise, ripes, speir, spier, spire] 8: [ates, east, eats, etas, sate, seat, seta, teas] 8: [carets, cartes, caster, caters, crates, reacts, recast,Â traces]
shuffle
algorithm does the opposite of what sort
does, destroying any trace of order that may have been present in a List
. That is, this algorithm reorders the List
based on input from a source of randomness such that all possible permutations occur with equal likelihood, assuming a fair source of randomness. This algorithm is useful in implementing games of chance. For example, it could be used to shuffle a List
of Card
objects representing a deck. Also, it's useful for generating test cases.
This operation has two forms: one takes a List
and uses a
default source of randomness, and the other requires the caller to
provide a
Random object to use as a source of randomness. The code for this algorithm
is used as an example in the
List
section.
Collections
class provides five algorithms for doing
routine data manipulation on List
objects, all of which are pretty straightforward:
reverse
— reverses the order of the elements in a List
.
fill
— overwrites every element in a List
with the specified value.
This operation is useful for reinitializing a List
.
copy
— takes two arguments, a destination List
and a source List
, and copies the elements of the source
into the destination, overwriting its contents. The destination
List
must be at least as long as the source. If it is longer,
the remaining elements in the destination List
are unaffected.
swap
— swaps the elements at the specified positions in a List
.
addAll
— adds all the specified elements to a Collection
.
The elements to be added may be specified individually or as an array.
binarySearch
algorithm searches for a specified element
in a sorted List
. This algorithm has two forms. The first
takes a List
and an element to search for (the "search key").
This form assumes that the List
is sorted in ascending order
according to the natural ordering of its elements. The second form takes a
Comparator
in addition to the List
and the search key,
and assumes that the List
is sorted into ascending order according
to the specified Comparator
. The sort
algorithm can
be used to sort the List
prior to calling binarySearch
.
The return value is the same for both forms. If the List
contains the search key, its index is returned. If not, the return
value is (-(insertion point) - 1)
, where the insertion point is the
point at which the value would be inserted into the List
,
or the index of the first element greater than the value or
list.size()
if all elements in the List
are less
than the specified value. This admittedly ugly formula guarantees that
the return value will be >= 0
if and only if the search
key is found. It's basically a hack to combine a boolean (found)
and an integer (index)
into a single int
return value.
The following idiom, usable with both forms of the binarySearch
operation, looks for the specified search key and inserts it at the
appropriate position if it's not already present.
int pos = Collections.binarySearch(list, key); if (pos < 0) l.add(-pos-1);
Collections
:
frequency
— counts the number of times the specified element occurs in the specified collection
disjoint
— determines whether two Collections
are disjoint; that is, whether they contain no elements in common
min
and the max
algorithms return, respectively,
the minimum and maximum element contained in a specified
Collection
. Both of these operations come in two forms.
The simple form takes only a Collection
and returns the
minimum (or maximum) element according to the elements' natural ordering.
The second form takes a Comparator
in addition to the
Collection
and returns the minimum (or maximum) element according
to the specified Comparator
.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page %}
All fields are required.
Choose a username and password.
Please verify your personal information. Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for issues


Pipeline {{ option }}
{% for k in jobs_list %}
{% endfor %}
{% if trace == 'No trace yet' %}
{{ jobs[k]['pipeline_name'] }}
{{jobs[k]['run_name']}}
Start: {{ jobs[k]['start'] }}
State: {{ jobs[k]['state'] }}
Exit: {{ jobs[k]['exit'] }}
analytics
{{ jobs[option]['run_name'] }}
{{ trace }}
Reason: {{ jobs[option]['state'] }}
{{ jobs[option]['run_name'] }}
No trace and/or report file for job {{ jobs[option]['run_name'] }} was found.
Reason: The job may have died sundenly before the execution started.
{{ jobs[option]['run_name'] }}
| {{ line }} | {% endfor %}
|---|
| {{ i }} | {% endfor %}


| Table 1 |
Institutions selected for interviews, on the basis of their ... |
| Table 2 |
Stakeholder perspectives of the impact of climate change on ... |
| Table 3 |
Stakeholder perspectives of the impact of climate change on ... |
| Table 4 |
Awareness of stakeholders regarding vulnerability assessment ... |


DHTML is best viewed with Netscape Navigator
brought to internet by
@ilesinge
code and credits on
github
Controls: Arrows to move, X to shoot, Enter to start.
brought to internet by @ilesinge
code and credits on github


I'm an experienced psychedelic user, having taken LSD, mushrooms and MDMA many times over the last 14 years or so. Even after reading many trip reports, Salvia has struck me as remarkable in its near-absolute lack of similarity with any of these other drugs. This report chronicles my first two substantive experiences with salvia, both of which were remarkable.
Just before we began our first session, we were greeted with a surprise visit from the friend who supplied our leaf days earlier. He lives 15 hours away by car, and happened to pop by on his way home. He knocked on the front door just as we were loading the pipe. A remarkable synchronicity!
Music was playing in the room - a very ambient, slow sound-scape, electric and soothing. The lights were dim, and the curtains drawn. After the second hit off the full glass pipe, I began to feel I was losing motor control. My limbs were heavy and a little tingly. My vision seemed to be lengthening such that I could see incredible detail and color, but in a much smaller peripheral field than normal. So, quickly, I took a third hit, and then sat back. I exhaled, and closed my eyes.
Almost immediately, I felt as if I were being sucked down and backward through some kind of barrier or membrane, and that everything that got sucked back into this emptiness was turning hard, or to stone. I felt as if I weren't breathing, and that the blood had frozen in my veins. Immediately intimidated by this encompassing sensation of death (this is really the only way to describe what it felt like), I seemed to stop my passage by sheer force of will. I felt as if my face, feet and hands were sticking out above/below/in front of the infinite membrane that bisected my body.
The membrane itself was totally two-dimensional and visually lucid. The best way I can describe it is to compare it to a vast field of creamy white taffy, with chocolate swirl patterns stretching into the distance. The swirls made compartments that looked like the Star Trek logo, almost, or even like the numbers you pull out of the machine at the deli line (in shape, not in color or texture). They moved with the music.
I don't know how long I was stuck in between this odd reality and whatever was behind/under me, but I remember my friend saying something (what, I wasn't sure) and then felt myself snapping back into the room. A matrix of clear visuals similar to LSD or mushrooms remained for several minutes, but I felt as if I had either 'jumped out' or been 'spit back' by Salvia.
In the next half-hour of reflection, I decided that what I felt wasn't my body hardening, but disappearing, as my consciousness attempted to pass backward through the membrane. This feeling was unspeakably REAL, as real as consensus reality, and proof positive for me about the illusory nature of our bodies and perceptions. Admittedly, my stunted passage was a horrifying feeling, not unlike getting something caught in your throat - the thing that's stuck there (in this case, my consciousness) either needs to go in or out. But I sensed that had I held that third hit longer, I would have simply propelled all the way through before my fear got me stuck. So I ordered more and waited.
A week later, my friend visited again. At first, he had considerable trouble getting through with the potency of leaf that I had bought. My own first try (three big bong hits) was a bust; it landed me back in that stuck-in-cement feel that I had the first time, but with enough consciousness left to know that I wasn't going to 'break through.' But I felt considerably more comfortable with the pressing sensation now, and a half-hour later, I was ready to go again.
I smoked four lungs full this time, and as I leaned back into the couch, the familiar pressure set in. This time, however, it gripped me from the top of my head and peeled me open like a banana, splitting me into two. My body became the membrane, which began as a plain, shiny white this time, and split into two directions. These 'half-me's' - which were not me at all - wound around my visual field until they re-merged in front of me, like lava flows melting into one another. Embedded in the membrane were what appeared to be countless different realities, vivid and timeless. I noticed in particular that one was a street corner, but wasn't thinking fast enough to read the sign.
It was then that I felt like I was enveloped in some distinctly feminine presence, almost as if a womb were weaving itself around me, or that I was becoming a womb inside a mother. I asked, without asking, what these realities were, and the answer (which was not spoken) came back: they were realities that I could choose to return to from this place. At this time, the room I was in (including my friend) passed through this membrane, and I suppose I chose it. I said, 'okay,' as if I were ordering off a menu, and then I felt my body return. I opened my eyes, looked at my friend, and laughed out loud. Minutes later, I was up and about. Baseline.
Fascinating! Please know that the words above are the best way I can find to describe the experience, but cannot even remotely encompass it. There is no context for this plant, and I sense that it will take many visits with her to understand what she is trying to show me. One final note (okay, two): sitters are important, and please don't venture into the realm of Salvia unless you have given it careful consideration. If LSD or psilocybin provide a gradual, staged loss of ego, salvia is a rapid ego-ectomy with no anesthesia. It seems in some way to model the cycle of death and rebirth, and I can see the death phase giving some people real trouble.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


A new record of {{recordString}} was added to your history for {{pattern.name}}.
Your user score is now {{user.score}} ({{scoreDiff.diff}})
Your user rank is now {{user.userRank}} ({{rankDiff.diff}})
View {{pattern.name}} Records View Your Juggler Profile


Beta This is a test version of the layout of this page. Take the survey to help us improve it
Collection
Spring term 2017 timelines to help headteachers, principals and governors plan for the term and academic year ahead.
The ‘mandatory’ timelines help schools understand the legal requirements they must meet.
The ‘useful information’ timelines help schools find out about future changes, as well as identify upcoming activities that may benefit students.
We’ve tried to be as precise as possible but some of the dates may change.


This is a CORS Demonstration. We are making a request to http://localhost:3000/req/1 and our page is hosted on http://localhost:3001/, this is like being on different domains (ex our page is served from www.example-1.com and our api is hosted at www.domain-2.com/req/1) We are not using a proxy server and we are not thankfully not using JSONP. Instead we take advantage of a standard called CORS or CROSS-ORIGIN RESOURCE SHARING. This standard requires buy-in from the client and from the server


I would be giving some step by step tutorials on getting started with node. It is mostly used for creating rest based web apis but you also serve web pages or files.
We will be using windows 7 as base machine for delivering these tutorial but the same tutorial could easily be replicated on other OS.
- Creating Rest Based Web Apis using Node JS
- Software needed
- Node JS - Platform
- Postman – used for creating http requests like GET, PUT, POST, DELETE
Install Node JS from official website according to your platform(win/ mac/ linux). We will be using postman as a client for sending http requests which is an extension for Chrome. You can also use SoapUI or apache-jmeter.
1. Initializing Node repo.
Open command prompt (cmd.exe) or terminal or bash in your system. In window you can also open Node JS Command prompt. Go to directory where you want to create project(
cd< path to directory >
).
Type npm init. (This command will initialize a node repository and will ask you certain parameter to fill in. You can leave parameter empty and can just press enter for skipping.) This will create a file package.json which actually contains all packages for you given project.
2. Creating server file
Create server.js file in your current directory using file options.
3. Installing Dependencies
- In this we will install all applicable dependencies for our project. Here npm is node package manager which fetch packages via their online hub. Go to command line and install these packages.
npm install express
4. Start coding
paste the following code snippet in server.js
var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var port = 3000;
app.get('/', function(req, res){
res.send('welcome to my api');
});
app.listen(port, function(){
});
console.log('my api is running on port:'+ port);
In above piece of code we have initialized express JS and created a simple address / for our api’s
5. Running API’s
Now it’s time to trigger our api so paste the following command in command line.

6. Testing api
Open postman and write the url “localhost:3000/” and click on send.
Yipee! You are done with your web api.


{{ warning("redirect.html is an old template path, that is no longer used by ablog. Please use ablog/redirect.html instead.") }}
{%- extends "!layout.html" %}
{%- block extrahead %}
{{ super() }}
{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
You are being redirected to {{ post.title }} in {{ ablog.post_redirect_refresh }} seconds;
{% endblock %}


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AMD Rolls Out Major Software Architecture Changes
150+ Changes in AGESA 1004
AMD has released a major new software architecture that will allow motherboard vendors to unify their CPU and chipset support lists on one codebase.
The new “AGESA” features over 150 changes, AMD said this week, ahead of the launch of its high-end AMD Ryzen 9 3950X processor, which ships Nov. 25.
AMD AGESA Update: PCIe, USB, SATA Improvements
(AGESA, or “AMD Generic Encapsulated System Architecture”, is the foundational code on which BIOS files for AMD’s AM4- socket-based motherboards are built).
Major updates include improvements to interoperability of PCIe, USB, SATA, and device reset capabilities with AMD chips, additional enhancements for PCIe device support and stability better system stability when switching through ACPI power states.
The update also improves POST/boot times, AMD said in a post in the AMD sub-Reddit, adding it “reunites the codebase for all AM4-compatible processors”.
“Up until now, 3rd Gen Ryzen has been a fork of the mainline. So, if you have an older Ryzen CPU and have been waiting for a major AGESA release: this is it.”
AGESA 1004 is primarily focused on stability, and is the only AGESA validated and recommended for the forthcoming AMD Ryzen 9 3950X: “Your motherboard must have a BIOS with AGESA 1004 for full and proper support, AMD noted.
The company emphasised the point ahead of the launch of its latest CPU, the flagship 16-core AMD Ryzen9 3950X processor, which ships later this month for approximately £600 in the UK, if initial price leaks are to be believed.
AMD is touting the CPU as the “world’s most powerful 16-core consumer desktop processor”. The 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen Threadripper processors will be using a new socket called sTRX4, the company notes, with different mapping to previous versions.
“You cannot install a 3rd Gen Threadripper into an older motherboard, nor an older Threadripper into a new sTRX4 motherboard” it emphasises.
The CPU will have 88 total PCIe Gen 4 lanes with 72 usable (CPU+motherboard).
“The net of total versus usable is because we’re also increasing the CPU<->chipset link from 4x Gen4 to 8x Gen4—quadruple the bandwidth vs. 2nd Gen TR. Extra data pins between the chipset and CPU make this possible, so you’ll be able to hang more I/O off the motherboard at full performance,” the company notes.
The releases come as AMD reported net income (GAAP) of $120 million of revenues of $1.8 billion in Q3, reported October 29. In a sign of how important its consumer segment is, Computing and Graphics segment revenue was $1.28 billion, up 36 percent year-over-year, while Enterprise, Embedded and Semi-Custom segment revenue was $525 million, down 27 percent year-over-year.


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We'll now try to locate your Acro and connect it to your local network.
Don't see your network? Move your device closer to your router, then re-scan.
Return to the app to complete device customer registration


Function runEncoded
Given a template function, and an input chain of encoded text data, this function will detect the encoding of the input chain, and convert that runtime value into a compile-time parameter to the given function. Useful for writing code that needs to handle all the forms of text encoding.
ref auto runEncoded(alias func, Chain, Args...)
(
Chain c,
auto ref Args args
);
Use the encoding type as a parameter to assumeText to get an iopipe of
char
, wchar
, or dchar
elements for processing.
Note that func must return the same type no matter how it's called, as the BOM detection and calling is done at runtime. Given that there are 5 different encodings that iopipe handles, you will have 6 instantiations of the function, no matter whether the input contains that encoding or not.
The second version assumes that the function doesn't care what the encoding
is, but just wants to get a text iopipe with the appropriate encoding
already handled. In this case, the function will receive a chain of char
,
wchar
, or dchar
window elements.
Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| func | The template function to call. |
| UnknownIsUTF8 | If true, then an undetected encoding will be passed as UTF8 to your function. Otherwise, the Unknown encoding will be passed. |
| c | The iopipe input chain that should have encoded text in it. |
| args | Any optional args to pass to the function. |
Returns
The return value from func.


Interactive Row Selection with context menu
This example is similar to the row selection example.
Special code has been added to change the selection based on which
row is right clicked on.
Right click on a row
[
{id: 0, fruit: 'apple', alice: 4, bill: 10, casey: 2 },
{id: 1, fruit: 'banana', alice: 0, bill: 4, casey: 0 },
{id: 2, fruit: 'grape', alice: 2, bill: 3, casey: 5 },
{id: 3, fruit: 'pear', alice: 4, bill: 2, casey: 8 },
{id: 4, fruit: 'strawberry', alice: 0, bill: 14, casey: 0 }
]
Enabled Interactions:
rowSelection
multiSelect
checkbox


Reports using `λ`.
When using function syntax from the Kind Projector plugin, use `Lambda` instead of `λ`. You can change your code style settings to use `λ` instead of `Lambda` in Settings | Editor | Code Style | Scala | Other.
This inspection runs when the Kind Projector plugin is enabled.


I was born and brought up in India until the age of 9, before I moved to Canada with my family in 2005. London was the city we first moved to upon immigrating to Canada and we've been living here ever since.
I have always been a fairly active person so I enjoy most sports, with basketball and soccer being my favourites. I still play quite quite often, but the frequency has slowed down significantly since school started in september.
When I'm inside (as I was this summmer, more so than any previous summer because of the lockdown) I like to make draw, paint and make beats.
No one really knows... All we know is that Phil was born and that he was brought up, as for where and how, still remains a mystery. Phil is quite reclusive and doesn't like to share much about himself. He did however let me know that he is 41 years old and currently is a freelance model for numerous meme modelling agencies.
When Phil isn't working, he like to do magic and hangout with his family. Here's Phil in action doing what he loves to do.


A JavaScript utility for measuring the spacing between elements on webpage
By the way, you can press Alt / Option now.


Problem Statment
Objective
Today, we're learning about Key-Value pair mappings using a Map or Dictionary data structure.
Task
Given n names and phone numbers, assemble a phone book that maps friends' names to their respective phone
numbers. You will then be given an unknown number of names to query your phone book for. For each name queried,
print the associated entry from your phone book on a new line in the form name=phoneNumber; if an entry for
name is not found, print Not found instead.
Note
Your phone book should be a Dictionary/Map/HashMap data structure.
Input Format
The first line contains an integer,n, denoting the number of entries in the phone book.
Each of n the subsequent lines describes an entry in the form of 2 space-separated values on a single line. The
first value is a friend's name, and the second value is an 8 -digit phone number.
After the n lines of phone book entries, there are an unknown number of lines of queries. Each line (query)
contains a name to look up, and you must continue reading lines until there is no more input.
Note:
Names consist of lowercase English alphabetic letters and are first names only.
Constraints
- 1 ≤ n ≤ 105
- 1 ≤ queries ≤ 105
Output Format
On a new line for each query, print Not found if the name has no corresponding entry in the phone book;
otherwise, print the full name and phone number in the format name=phoneNumber.
Sample Input
3
sam 99912222
tom 11122222
harry 12299933
sam
edward
harry
Sample Output
sam=99912222
Not found
harry=12299933
Explanation
We add the following n=3(Key,Value) pairs to our map so it looks like this:
phonebook: {(sam,9912222),(tom,11122222),(harry,12299933)}
We then process each query and print key=value if the queried key is found in the map; otherwise, we print Not
found.
Query 0: sam
Sam is one of the keys in our dictionary, so we print sam=99912222.
Query 1: edward
Edward is not one of the keys in our dictionary, so we print Not found.
Query 2: harry
Harry is one of the keys in our dictionary, so we print harry=12299933.


Selector: mdc-select
Exported as: mdcSelect| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| id: string | Unique Id of the select (auto generated if not supplied). |
| name: string | Name of the select. |
| placeholder: string | Text shown if no value has been selected. |
| value | Sets the selected item by value. |
| tabIndex: number | Set the underlying tab index of the select. (Default is 0) |
| floatLabel: boolean | Whether or not to show or hide a floating placeholder. |
| outlined: boolean | Styles the select as an outlined select. |
| disabled: boolean | Enables/disables the select. |
| helperText: MdcHelperText | Reference to related MdcHelperText |
| compareWith: (o1: any, o2: any) => boolean | Function to compare the option values with the selected values. The first argument is a value from an option. The second is a value from the selection. A boolean should be returned. |
| getSelectedIndex(): number | Returns the index of the currently selected option. Returns -1 if no option is currently selected. |
| setSelectionByValue(value) | Set selection to the passed value. |
| focus() | Set focus to the select. |
| valueChange(index: number, value: any) | Event emitted on any value change. |
| selectionChange(source: MdcSelect, index: number, value: any) | Event emitted if user changed the value. |
| blur(value) | Emitted whenever the select loses focus. |
| focus(boolean) | Emitted when the select gains or loses focus. |
Selector: mdc-select-helper-text mdcSelectHelperText
Exported as: mdcSelectHelperText| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| validation: boolean | Help text can be used to provide additional validation messages. |
| persistent: boolean | Help text will always be visible. |
| showToScreenReader() | Makes the helper text visible to the screen reader. |
| setValidity(inputIsValid: boolean) | Sets the validity of the helper text. |


In this blog post I will show you how to use xargs
command line utility.
We will start by creating simple bash script showargs
that prints all arguments
passed to it on command line:
We must make this script executable by running chmod +x showargs
.
Now we can check how it works:
As you can see invocation of showargs
prints single line that starts with [
and
ends with ]
character
and contains all parameters passed to script surrounded by {
and }
braces. This will help us to see if arguments with spaces are properly passed
to our script.
How xargs work
When we run xargs cmd
in the terminal, xargs
first reads all
lines from standard input, then concatenates them using space character, then
it appends that concatenated input to cmd
and finally it executes this
extended command in the shell. It may sound a bit complicated but it is
really a simple process:
Let’s play a bit with xargs
in the terminal.
We’ll use showargs
script to snoop arguments passed by xargs
to the command.
As we can see it doesn’t matter for xargs
if arguments are on single line or in
many lines of input.
It also doesn’t matter if arguments are separated by space, newline or tabs:
We must also know that xargs
properly escapes special shell characters like |
or >
when it builds command arguments:
NOTE: Here I used single quotes to escape special characters in echo command,
but you may also use backslash e.g. \>
.
Custom argument separator (delimiter)
Sometimes it happens that arguments to the program are not separated by spaces but
e.g. by commas. By default xargs
treats
whitespace
as argument separators but this can
be changed by using -d
option:
Now xargs
splits arguments on ,
character but we have encountered another problem.
When we split arguments on ,
the last newline is treated as part of the last argument.
We can fix this by preventing echo
from printing newline with -n
option, but this can
be a problem when we get input from a file. If we are sure that file always ends
with a newline we may truncate it using head -c -1
command, that will print
all characters of standard input except last.
It’s worth to notice that when we use nonstandard separators arguments can contain spaces:
Often we want to pass entire line from file as a single argument, we may easily
achive this with xargs
by using newline as argument separator:
NOTE: Here we used \\
to escape \
character in the shell, we may also use single quotes
as in -d'\n'
WARNING: Filenames in Unix can contain newline characters. Use this trick only when you are sure that filenames in input file will not contain newlines.
Executing command per argument or per line of input
xargs
have two modes of operation. We already know one of them: gather all arguments
and execute command. The other is to execute command per argument of per line of input,
as illustrated below:
We may execute command per fixed number of arguments by using -n
option:
As we can see we may specify number of arguments that are needed by command.
WARNING: There may be not enough arguments for the
last command but xargs
executes it anyway.
We may also execute command per fixed number of lines of input using -L
option:
As with -n
option we must be careful when we execute command per more than one line
of input because last command may not get
all needed arguments.
I personally find -L1
option very useful but it doesn’t work well with -d
option.
Here we used tr
utility to convert ,
into spaces so we can avoid using -d,
option.
As we can see xargs
preserved spaces in arguments surrounded by double quotes (this
works with single quotes too).
Passing additional argument to the command
Sometimes we need to provide additional arguments to xargs
command, we may do this
in a very simple way:
But what if our command expects arguments in format:
To work with command like that we must use xargs
-I
option:
After -I
we must provide placeholder string that will be replaced by actual
command arguments. People usually use {}
but we may use any string:
-I
option is really useful but it doesn’t work with -n
option, so if you plan to use
-I
you must process input line by line.
Other useful options
With -p
option xargs
will prompt for user approval
before executing command:
-0
or --null
option is often used with find
command to avoid problems
with filenames that contain spaces or other non alphanumeric characters.
-0
option tells xargs
that \0
character will be used to separate arguments:
TIP: Always use -print0
and -0
options when working with find
.
The last option that can be really useful is -P
. This can be used to
execute commands in parallel:
By default commands are executed sequentially (-P1
).
I wasn’t able to describe all xargs
options,
as usually you can find all of them on xargs
manual page.
Thanks for reading!