From: Scotto<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Subject: More Terence
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 92 20:13:43 EDT
More from Terence...This is the opening lecture he gave during 'A weekend with Terence McKenna' at Esalen in February. (Danka, Cosmic Bob.) It's an overview, basically, of the topics he then covers the next two days. Enjoy...
My take on science, I mean, just, I might as well couch it as a comment to you, but it will come out in some other form anyway, is...science is excellent at doing what it was designed to do, but it has expanded its province into all reality and seeks to pass judgment in areas where it has no real business going. It's a very limited method that achieves its claim to universality by wildly exaggerating its accomplishments.BACKFor example, science, to do its work--I mean, modern science, post-Newton-- depends on probability theory, but probability theory has a built-in assumption that has never been thoroughly looked at, and that is the assumption of what Newton called 'pure duration.' Meaning that, science, if you describe a scientific procedure to someone, they don't ask whether you did it on a Wednesday or a Saturday. Science seeks to be time independant, and in order to do that it has to make the assumption that time is invariant. There's no, this is just a first try with Occam's razor. In fact, in our own lives, what we experience is endless variation. In other words, it may be that the hydrogen bond when it breaks always breaks the same way, but love affairs, investment strategies, political campaigns, the building of empires, these things are always characterized by a kind of uniqueness, and science, by invading these domains with probabilistic conceptions, gives us the science of statistics, polling, and hands to us mythical entities like the citizen or the average white male or--I mean, these are just absurd abstractions that are generated by a particular kind of world view that is not really examining its first premesis.
So I would propose a modified definition of science that would then let it do its work in peace, which is, science is the study of those phenomena which are time independant, but that in many realms of nature, a new theory to replace probability theory and flat duration is necessary. The power of probability is simply based on its success in these very very limited domains, and now there's no way back from that. Modern science is thoroughgoingly probabalistic. If you were to try and remake--I mean, they're always raving about the new paradigm in science, and it's always usually some tiny diddling of what they've already got. If you were to really try and remake science, then you would have to replace the assumption of invariability in time with a mathematical statement about its variability. And we'll talk more about that tomorrow, because there is room for that.
I mean, science is not reason. Reason is a different domain, and I think anything which is unreasonable, ultimately unreasonable, is just patently absurd. That's why I don't feel great affinity with most of the marching hordes of the New Age, because, you know, the fact of the matter is, they don't possess any razors for separating the nuts from the berries. But nevertheless, our intellectual choices are not between the channellers of Lazares and the American scientific establishment. There's a vast set of possibilities in between there and beyond those poles of discourse that can be worked out.
Every society that's always existed has had the built-in assumption that they only needed to find out five percent more about reality, and then it would all fall into place, and that they had the right tools for doing that. But we look back then with this great sense of superiority on the naivete of the ancient Egyptians, the ancient Greeks, the Maya, the 17th century English--everybody we look back on their naivete. But in fact our own cultural enterprise is obviously fraught with a peculiar illogic and childishness and naivete. I mean we're a culture that, you know, robs our children to create a pot luck culture in the present. This will look fairly, this would look fairly pathological from any cultural perspective outside our own.
The thing--I mean, this is a segueway but it makes sense--the thing that I think psychedelics do that addresses this problem and many many problems or choke points in our ideological effort to understand what's going on, is, the contribution that they make is that they dissolve boundaries. And culture-- I mean, the word 'virtual reality' was used as we went around the circle. Culture IS the sanctioned virtual reality. And it is put place by the machinery of local language, you see.      You will go to college. You will do this...' And this you never question. It's called the social contract. It hasn't gone unnoticed by Western philosophers. It's just, it's gone unnoticed by those of us who are its foremost victims. They try to tell you that you're in a social contract, but when you ask to see your signature on the document, they tell you that you were born into this contract. Well, what the hell kind of contract is that?
So what psychedelics do, and why they are in all times and all places such social dynamite, is, they dissolve the cultural machinery.   Not THIS clothing, but the clothing of language, programming and assumption. Then you find yourself within the context of organism, outside the context of culture.
And for the reason this is not a mass movement, is, many people hear that and they say, 'I know what that is. That's called being nuts. I don't want that. That sounds absolutely terrifying.' Well, these are the people for whom that cultural machinery is necessary armoring, almost in a Reichian sense. Necessary armoring. They cannot face the world without culture because they are in fact defined by culture. Now, who are these people? These are the people--and we each to some degree imbibe in this category--these are the people whose values are set by the engines of commerce and propaganda. These are the people who dress as they are told to dress, spend as they are told to spend, believe as they are told to believe. But within every human being there is a kind of, at least the possibility of a revulsion against this kind of anesthesia of uniqueness, because that's what it is.  Definition from without means being defined by the cultural machinery.
Cultures other than our own have somehow always known--perhaps because nature is a huge force outside the Western industrial democracies--people have always known that this was a fiction, that the world of cultural values is a necessary illusion, if you will. And so they create a class of people called shamans, or seers, or magicians, or transecstatics, or what have you, and these people are deputized by the cultural machinery to go beyond it, to go beyond it and to return with truth. Not culturally sanctioned truth, but just truth, the felt experience of being an organism that I'm talking about. And by this process, cultures conduct their evolution, if you're an evolutionary thinker, or their random walk through time, if you're more of a phenomenologist. But whatever they're doing, we're not doing that, because the mechanism that we have used to close off access to the beyond-culture dimension have in our hands grown so strong that we have in a sense succeeded to the point where we've put ourselves out of business.
And the people to blame for this are these wily Greeks, because while everybody else was carving horned masks and painting themselves with cross-hatching and stuff like that, the Greeks got the idea, 'We'll do it differently. We will portray the surface of the naked human body in marble.' What this means is that the eye rises to the surface of reality and looks around for the first time from the point of view that we would call naive realism. But what a cultural journey it took to reach naive realism, because you had to sever yourself endlessly from the intuition of a symbolic, magical spirit-haunted universe. And the Greeks, through a series of cultural accidents, and I would say mistakes ultimately, achieved this, and they had then an alphabet, a phoenetic alphabet which empowered a further severing of linguistic intentionality from the essence of the object intended, because you see, a phoenetic alphabet symbolizes sound. It doesn't symbolize the way something looks or its 'thinghood.' It just symbolizes sound. And the phoenetic alphabet then issued into a series of cultural styles, science, rationalism, mathematical analysis of phenomenon--I mean, this was something absolutely unheard of and is the unique contribution of the Western mind, that, you know, people noticed that you could take a gut string and shorten it by half and the tone would shift one octave, and stuff like that, and they got the idea of numberical analysis, which opened up the path into culture to the present world.
Well, each of these steps into realism, and remember I said we would call it naive realism--now that word takes on a different meaning from the context of the 20th century. It WAS naive. It was horribly naive. In fact, we were led down the primrose path by such simplistic notions, because what was surpressed was the invisible, messy world of the spirit and the human unconscious. This is the great tension that illuminates Greek civilization, you know, I mean, it's all--take Plato as an example, because here in one thinker these distict strains of thought, these antithetical strains of thought are perfectly present.  I mean, it's really extraordinary. And that was the last moment in the Western cultural enterprise when these things were in balance. And they were not in balance in any one person. If you lived in that world, you probably had to pick and choose, and, you know, the Skeptics were sneering at the Gnostics, who were saying secret knowledge came from an unspeakable place beyond the machinery of cosmic fate. The Skeptics just thought, you know, 'Baloney. What kind of talk is that?'
Now we live in the consequences of this naive realism, because like all forms of innocence, if allowed to grow beyond the proper bounds it becomes festering. It becomes decadent. It becomes not innocence but idiocy. It turns on itself. And this is I think the kind of world that we're living in.
Now, parallel to this cultural adventure of several thousand years...the rain forest peoples of the warm tropics of the world kept intact the high paleolithic style of cultural relativism mitigated by natural magic. And what did natural magic mean? It meant these boundary dissolving experiences with hallucinogens. Now it isn't simply, I don't want to make it sound reductionist, it isn't simply that culture builds up structure, and psychedelics dissolve structure and then conduct you into some shimmering, existential realm of transcultural being. It isn't that. It's that, in that shimmering transcultural realm of being, you discover new modalities, new rules. There's something there when you dissolve all the boundaries that you can. And the paradox of what is there, from the point of view of the legacy of rationalism, is, what is there is an immense love and affection and intentionality, waiting to engulf suffering mankind, or the individual. This is what I call the mind behind nature, what people call Gaia, the mind of the planet, the organized intellechy that somehow is the mothering force that encloses the whole of planetary life. This is a real thing. And I would never have thought so had I not had experiences which forced me to consider this.  But, in fact, this is a fact of reality which anyone who has the courage to make the proper investigations can satisfy themselves is a real object of experience.
 I grew up through the 50's and I can remember these movies where the white people get captured by the cannibals and put in the pot to be boiled. And there was always a witch doctor. Well, this guy just epitomized the most nightmarish forces of unbridled primitivism and ignorance imaginable. Now this has become, or is in the act of becoming I hope, the guiding paradigm of the culture, because what the shaman is, is the person who is still, and it's men and women, the person who is still in touch with this organic intelligence that lies behind nature.
Now, the puzzle behind all of this...I really don't think that there would be much of a problem if what we were dealing with was a planet with teeming oceans, teeming jungles, climaxed forests in the temperate and tropical zone, arctic tundras and so forth and so on. The clue that something weird is going on on this planet is ourselves, obviously.  Everything else makes sense. We don't make sense. And the speed with which the human type emerged from the protohominids is unparalleled in the evolutionary history of life. Edmund O. Wilson called the doubling of the human brain in size in under three million years the most rapid doubling of organ size in a major animal in the entire history of life on this planet. Us. There's something weird about human beings. And so much of the explanatory machinery of culture is designed to make it go away, you see. Even something as respectable and expressive of liberal values as Darwinism is in fact an effort to explain how it's all okay. It's natural. Don't worry. It's natural. You just get mutation, and you have natural selection, and you have traits, and these traits extend themselves--but, heh, it's a great step, you know, to Milton, to the Space Shuttle, to an integrated global economy. I mean, are these the products of animal existence? The Darwinist says yes, and we tend to huddle under his umbrella because, you know, these shit-slinging Fundamentalists seem to be the only other people out there.
But, obviously, when you're impaled on the horns of that kind of dilemma, there needs to be a breakthrough to a third, fourth, or fifth possibility. And what I will argue for this weekend is that something very very peculiar adheres to the adventure of being human, and that it is not all business as usual. We are not simply an advanced chimpanzee. Neither are we the sons and daughters of the Lord God Almighty. I mean, that also seems to me a stretch and to raise certain problems not easily swept under the rug. There has to be a third possibility. And I think that when we start, as we will tomorrow, talking about the way psychedelics synergize and stabilize certain abilities within a hominid population, and the way in which then other cultural reinforcements can be built upon that, you will see at least part of the story has to do with the way in which, by being forced toward an omniverous diet by virtue of having to leave the canopy homeland for a bipedal existence in the grasslands, we had to undergo a huge dietary change. And part of our strangeness has to do with the evolutionary changes worked upon us by virtue of our exposing ourselves to unusually high amounts of mutagens in foods as we expanded our diet, and drugs and foods come in here.
The other part of the equation, which is much more speculative and which we'll talk about tomorrow night, has to do with the notion of an attractor, and of trying to look at humanness not as a mistake, a cosmic error, or as Heideger said of man, he said we are flung into being, the idea always being that it doesn't make sense, that there's an arbitrariness to us. but I think that there's a way of analyzing process that will show that we are not only part of what is going on, an embedded part of what is going on, but that we actually represent the place where all the eggs are poured into one basket. And I'll just say a little bit about this tonight.
When you look at the history of the universe, if you look with unbiased eyes, I think that what you will see is that the universe is a novelty producing and conserving system of some sort. The early universe was so simple that, and we're going with science here for a minute, we're asked to believe that it sprang from nothingness in a single moment, that its diameter was less than that of an electron, and then in a very short period of time, a number of very dramatic things happened. But they are all couched in terms of an expansion, and cooling. From the moment the universe is born it begins to cool. And as it cools, complexity magically crystallizes out. The original universe, there weren't even atoms, because there was such high temperatures that atoms could not stabilize themselves into orbits around atomic nuclei. So there was what's called a plasma, just a soup of naked electrons. And then, gradually, as the universe cooled, the simplest of all atomic systems was able to form, the hydrogen atom. And these hydrogen atoms were produced in staggering amounts. And they began to clump together--and this is tricky, but not our problem. This is a problem for science. They don't know why they clumped, 'cuz it should have all been smooth, right down to today, but it isn't. So, in this clumping process, of course, great temperatures and pressures were created at the center of these masses of hydrogen. And, a *novel* process could therefore spring into existence, the process of fusion. And fusion of hydrogen in early stars cooked out heavier elements--iron, sulphur, and especially carbon. Well, after that then, you get all those atomic species, and then they can aggregate into molecular species, and then, because of the presence of forvalent carbon, very comples molecules called polymers, which are chain molecules, can form. Some of them acquire the quality of being able to replicate, some of THEM acquire the ability to enclose themselves in a membrane, and so forth and so on, and in short, the march is on toward you and I here this evening.
But, what's interesting to note is that each successive stage in this process happens more rapidly than the process which preceded it. So that, the early universe, ten billion years goes on, and it's all about this star formation cookout thing. And then, you know, planetary formation. Then once you get, and then a billion years they wait for primitive procariotic life, and then, once it happens, the eucariots follow fast, and after them the ciliated protozoas, and you know, it's just a moment to Madonna. Both of them.
Okay. Now, what science says about this process is that what we're seeing is an illusion, or that it doesn't matter. They're saying it is not a law of the universe that novelty be conserved and that each new level of novelty proceed more quickly than the one which was its parent. And so, by chopping it off like that, human history is denied any relevance in the natural order. It is not part of the natural order. Even though we think we're a secular society, our assumptions about history are straight out of Genesis, you know. We do not think of history as a branch of biology, which it obviously is.
So, what I believe is happening is an accelerating process of novelty conservation that has reached such a point now, at the close of the second millenium, that it is absurd to try to propagate the human future by fantasy centuries into the future. There is no future, because the rate of acceleration is so close to approaching infinity that no possible future can be imagined.
Now, people talk about this, but they never draw the implications. You've probably seen some show on television where they say, you know, 'Here's the curve of human energy release, and here's the Stone Age, and here's the 16th century, and here's the 20th century, and it's headed for infinity. Okay, next slide. Here's the curve of human speed. In 1750 people could go as fast as a horse could gallop, in 1820 the steam engine, and then the 20th century, and then it goes to infinity.' And they say, 'Okay, here's the human population curve. In the year 1000 there were 400 million people on Earth, in the year 1850, and so forth, and it goes to infinity.' So, nobody takes, they don't believe it. They don't believe that the rational extrapolation of the trends visibly beheld in the present preclude the possibility of any imaginable future, or at least, I don't believe so.
I believe that we're actually in the grip of a process that cannot be halted or accelerated but which is now in a process of tightening its gyres, as William Butler Yeats said, that what we call the chaos of 20th century history is in fact the speeding up of this temporal process to the point where it is now visible within a single human lifetime.  So only the most incredibly accelerated kinds of change make any impression on us whatsoever. I mean, mostly we say nothing happens. But in fact, you know, in the 20th century, it's incredible. In the last twelve months, there has been more change that in the previous twenty years. And those twenty years had more change in them than the previous hundred years. And that hundred years had more change in it than the previous thousand years, and that thousand years had more change in it than the previous ten thousand years. But science tells us this is meaningless. This is not a real, legitimate phenomenon that we're talking about. You're just lining up facts to make it appear as though there is an attractor, to make it appear as though the human historical enterprise is about to run itself into a stone wall, or off a cliff, or into another dimension.
And this is really the question, I think, because psychedelics are, or were once, described as consciousness expanding drugs. Phenomenonlogical description: consciousness expanding drugs. Well, if that's true, or if there's even the slimmest possibility that that's true, then we have to avail ourselves of these things, because consciousness is precisely what we are starving for the lack of. And, history is no longer rationally apprehendible by the systems which created it. I mean, everybody who's running around gloating over what happened to Marxist-Leninism should understand that Marxist- Leninism is traceable right back to the social contract theory of Rousseau, and that Western liberalism is traceable to the same root, and the crisis of Marxism is they just died first, that's all. But all these ideologies are on the brink of a coronary thrombosis, and we're going to have to catch the falling bodies when it hits. I mean, do you think that mercantile capitalism, which extracts the environmental reserves at an ever-accelerating rate, has any future whatsoever on this planet?  So we've come to the end of our rope.
So then, what do we have to do about it? Well, what we have to do is look back in time and find cultural models that served in the past. And, you know, many of you have been here before, have heard me talk about the archaic revival, an effort to jerk 20th century culture 180 degrees, and send it right back to the value systems of the high paleolithic, because that's the last moment that intelligence, language, religion co-existed with nature on this planet in a less than fatal arrangement, you know? From the moment that agriculture was invented, the die was cast, because first of all, agriculture is a strategy for dumping a huge database, the database of the hunter-gatherer, and replacing it with a database that is important for only five or six species of plant. You then give up nomadism, which begins to concentrate your impact on the land into one place. You then plant these crops, and you have such success producing food that now, moving anywhere is unthinkable, plus, the big project after the fall harvest festival is, now we have to build a wall to keep the starving people from stealing our surplus. So immediately there is a Us Successful People and those people who weren't successful and who have different cultural values, and who didn't produce a food surplus.
So this is, you know, just a pass over these themes. The idea is that the psychedelics are more than the best fun there is, which they are; more than a tool for exploring your own psyche and straightening out your own kinks, which they are; they are, in fact, the key to understanding the pathology that culture has become, and the way out. I mean, there has to be a way out, and it really is this archaic revival. I mean, and if you're resisting it, think of it this way. If we don't organize the archaic revival, it will be handed to us on a platter in the form of failed agriculture, because the ozone hole is screwed up, infrastructures falling apart, financial systems falling apart, the rise of Fundamentalist religion...in other words, we are GOING to have a return to a previous historical model, and it can either be managed humanely, through an honoring of the feminine, an honoring of the Earth, a return to the techniques of ecstasy that characterized the high paleolithic shamanism, or it can be handed to us in the form of shortages, famines, disease, internessing warfare, nuclear proliferation, toxic dumping, so forth and so on. But one way or another, this whole edifice, put in place by the Renaissance and jacked up to speed by the European Enlightenment and delivered into this hellish climax by mathematical analysis and the rise of global technology--I mean, remember, each of us has never seen these changes within a lifetime, and yet within the past two hundred years, the world has gotten tremendously more pathological, tremendously more ill. The size of cities, the power to extract natural resources, to mine Siberia and the mountains of Chile and the interior of the Amazon and Borneo, and these unimaginable technological infrastructures have been put in place to sustain a dying patient. That's what we have here. We're on respirators. We're getting intravenous feeding. They are monitoring everything, because it's not healthy. It can only be sustained through the most extraordinary and heroic means. We're taking bone marrow from the children of the future in order to keep a corpse alive. And people don't find their voice. They don't seem to know how to call a halt, you know?
Faithfully keyed in by Scotto (ah, the dubious legality of it all...)


What happens here?
continue to make it deeper?
I am confused why this isn't showing up as epxected
Why it hides.


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class: top, left, inverse, title-slide # Education & Globalization ## Session 20 ### Dr. Zhou Yisu 周憶粟 ### 2018/10/29 --- # International assessment ## Aims What is International assessment? What is the rationale behind it? How does it test students? What is its impact? on Macao? --- ## Macao making a spalsh in education >澳門高中生在72個地區/國家的學生閱讀、數學和科學素養評核中表現卓越。根據12月6日發佈的2015「學生能力國際評估計劃」 (PISA)的結果，澳門被認為是.orange[教育優質且公平]的五個經濟體之一—— 另外四個國家為.violet[加拿大]、.violet[丹麥]、.violet[愛沙尼亞]和.violet[香港]。 在72個參與測試的經濟體中，澳門學生的數學素養排名第三，科學素養排名第六，閱讀素養排名第十二。 「經濟合作與發展組織」(OECD) 的「學生能力國際評估計劃」 (PISA) —— 測試基礎教育體系中學生的數學、科學和閱讀素養—— 澳門在列表中排名前列，十分接近，甚至某些情況下超過香港的排名。(.orange[2016.12]) .footnote[Source: http://www.plataformamacau.com/zh-hant/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80/macau-sobe-no-ranking/] --- ## Today's focus: PISA >PISA測試學生的.orange[閱讀]、.orange[數學]和.orange[科學素養]，PISA2015的評核焦點是科學素養。根據公佈的數據，澳門15歲學生之三項素養的平均表現在參與PISA2015測試的72個國家/經濟體中位處前列位置，其中科學素養得分529（排名第6）；閱讀素養得分509（排名第12）；數學素養得分544分（排名第3）。 >PISA2015科學素養涵蓋三項核心子能力，即「科學地詮釋現象」、「評價和設計科學探究」，以及「科學地闡釋資料和證據」。澳門在「科學地詮釋現象」的平均得分為528（排名第7）；在「評價和設計科學探究」的平均得分為525（排名第6）；在「科學地闡釋資料和證據」的平均得分為532（排名第5）。 --- >教育暨青年局在向媒體寄送的新聞通告中總結道，「澳門學生以「科學地闡釋資料和證據」表現較佳，較擅於科學地分析及評估以多種方式呈現的資料及論據，並提出適切的科學結論」。 >參與測試的學生是澳門1999年出生的.violet[15歲中學生]，「取樣學生大多正在就讀初三和高一，而且高一級是最多15歲學生就讀的年級—— 佔學生人數百分比首次超過澳門全體受試樣本的一半以上，數據顯示澳門學校教育系統在致力降低學生留級率的工作上，取得了實質的進展。」 --- background-image: url(http://static5.uk.businessinsider.com/image/58471359dd08953b448b4af3/the-latest-ranking-of-top-countries-in-math-reading-and-science-is-out--and-the-us-didnt-crack-the-top-10.jpg) background-size: contain --- ## What is PISA PISA stands for .orange[Programme for International Student Assessment], in Chinese, we call it .orange[學生能力國際評估計劃]. PISA is not the first .violet[International Large Scale Assessment], but: - Most widely participated: in 2018 with 72 countries/regions - More than 500,000 students and their parents, teachers, school principals - The tests are .violet[curriculum-free] - The are designed to measure .orange[literacy 素養]: science, reading, mathematics - Age based, not grade based: participants are 15 year-old in-school students. --- ## Who is behind PISA? Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 經濟合作與發展組織: - Founded by 34 nations in 1961 to "stimulate economy and world trade" 由34個市場經濟國家組成的政府間國際組織 - Heavily influenced by European countries - Original purpose: to stimulate international trade and economic growth OECD最早的願景是刺激全球貿易和經濟增長 - All the survey & tests are designed by OECD 所有的問卷和測試由OECD設計 - Implemented by each nation/region's regional authorities 在每個測試地區，由當地的協辦機構負責數據採集。 --- ## Why people care about PISA? ### Academic purpose: What are the learning processes among children in different countries? .violet[Evidence-based research] 實證研究: - What factors (school related and non-school related) affect student learning? - How can we improve student learning? equality in education? - How do students acquire skills? What is their attitude toward schooling? - How does country compare with one another in educational achievement? --- ## What really makes people interested is PISA's economic implication Andreas Schleicher, who is in charge of PISA, testified in the U.S. congress: >If the U.S. would raise the performance of schools by a similar amount (compared to Poland who achieve rapid growth in less than 10 years), he said, that could translate into a long-term loss economic value of over 40 trillion dollars..red[1] He also said: "Your education today is your economy tomorrow" .red[2] .footnote[[1] http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/education/10educ.html [2] http://www.bbc.com/news/business-24988343 ] --- background-image: url(http://static5.uk.businessinsider.com/image/58471359dd08953b448b4af3/the-latest-ranking-of-top-countries-in-math-reading-and-science-is-out--and-the-us-didnt-crack-the-top-10.jpg) background-size: contain --- PISA, embedded in OECD's economic development framework (.orange[human capital development]), is thus seen as important __indicator__ of what kind of skills students from different country/region have, afterall: >A nation’s long-term economic growth depends on the production, distribution, and application of knowledge and information. The same factors many of you believe that developed nations should focus on (from Quiz 1). .violet[PISA measures skills that are presumed to be relevant to economic growth.] --- ## Idea behind PISA: Human Capital Theory (HCT) ![:wscale 85%](http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rcy0m7PyQXs/VFHkyZJNktI/AAAAAAAAEPw/OMYprMzJcjw/s1600/real%2B8.jpg) --- ## HCT: A view to the function of education HCT is based on the theory proposed by Theodore Schultz, Nobel prize winner in economics (1979), who helped envisioned a .violet[knowledge & skilled based economy] 知識經濟. OECD believs that: >This emphasis on testing in terms of mastering of broad concepts is particularly significant in light of concern of nations to develop human capital, which OECD defines as: .orange[the knowledge, skills, competencies, and other attributes embedded in individuals that are relevant to personal, social, and economic well-being]. --- background-image: url(http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/mnfr-shift.png) background-size: contain background-position: bottom ### HTC and Knowledge workers --- ## How global education agenda connects countries Ironically, globally there is no consensus on what matters and what can be compared across countries/regions: - Curricula - Teacher quality - Instructional method - Management approach --- ### Example: which classroom is a more effective classroom? Hong Kong: 8th grade math  --- USA: 8th grade math  --- class: inverse, center ## This is the ingenuity of PISA: If we cannot agree on what is the _best_ educational .yellow[process], can we agree on what is the _best_ educational .yellow[outcome]? - educational practice (process) is culturally embedded, there is no universally agreed upon ways to teaching the class. - classroom practice is legitimized by the broader culture in the school or in the society. --- class: center ## What if we can link the economy with education? - Afterall, every country is competing under a connected globalized economy - Can we come up with a measure for skills that are related to the future economy? --- ## What are important skills? Competency category: 1. Using Tools Interactively 互動地使用工具 + Use language, symbols, and texts interactively + Use knowledge and information interactively + Use technology interactively 2. Interacting in Heterogeneous Groups 在多元化小組內與他人互動 + Relate well to others + Co-operate, work in teams + Manage and resolve conflicts 3. Acting Autonomously 獨立完成任務 + Act within the big picture + Form and conduct life plans and personal projects + Defend and assert rights, interests, limits and needs. --- background-image: url(./pic/scielit3.jpg) background-size: contain --- ### Questions .cyan[radiated energy]: 輻射的能量 .cyan[greenhouse effect]: 溫室效應 .cyan[carbon dioxide emission]: 二氧化碳排放 1. What is it about the graphs that supports André's conclusion? 2. Another student, Jeanne, disagrees with André. She compares the two graphs and says that some parts of the graphs do not support his conclusion. + Give an example of a part of the graphs that does not support André's conclusion. Explain your answer. 3. André persists 堅持 in his conclusion that the average temperature rise of the Earth's atmosphere is caused by the increase in the carbon dioxide emission. But Jeanne thinks that his conclusion is premature 言之過早. She says: _Before accepting this conclusion you must be sure that other factors that could influence the greenhouse effect are constant_ .red[3] . + Name one of the factors that Jeanne means. .footnote[ [3] This is called .cyan[control variates] 控制變量法 in science.] --- ## What is the intention of this question? Science literacy 科學素養：Competency 能力 - Explain phenomena scientifically (科學地解釋現象) - Evaluate and design scientific enquiry (設計和評估科學研究的方法) + .violet[Identify] the question explored in a given scientific study + .violet[Distinguish] questions that could be investigated scientifically + .violet[Propose] a way of exploring a given question scientifically + .violet[Evaluate] ways of exploring a given question scientifically + .violet[Describe] and evaluate how scientists ensure the reliability of data, and the objectivity and generalizability of explanations - Interpret data and evidence scientifically (解釋數據和論據) --- ## What is the intention of this question? Science literacy 科學素養：Knowledge 知識 - Content 內容：Scientific facts and theory 科學事實和理論 - Procedural 過程：Scientific methods, in particular data collection, analysis, and interpretation 科學研究的方法，特別是數據採集、分析、解讀 - Epistemic 認知：Use science to understand the world (hypothesis, modeling, theory, facts) 科學的認知方法，假設、觀察、模型、理論、事實 --- ## The intention of this question Question 1 requires students not only to understand how the data is represented in the two graphs, but also to consider whether this evidence .violet[scientifically justifies] a given conclusion? This is one of the features of .violet[epistemic knowledge] in the 2015 framework. The context categorisation is ``environmental, global''. This question requires an .violet[interpretation] of graphs involving a few linked steps; thus it is categorised as medium cognitive demand. Question 2 is similar to Q1 (Epistemic question; explaining phenomena scientifically; enviromental & glbal; medium cognitive demand) Question 3 requires students to consider control variables in terms of the critical review of evidence used to support claims. This is categorised as .violet[procedural knowledge] in the 2015 framework. To read more about how PISA assessment is developed: OECD. (2016). _PISA 2015 assessment and analytical framework: Science, reading, mathematic and financial literacy_. OECD Publishing. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2015-assessment-and-analytical-framework_9789264255425-en --- background-image: url(./pic/mathlit2.jpg) background-size: contain --- background-image: url(./pic/mathlit4.jpg) background-size: contain --- ## Questions 1. What is the main idea of this text? + Singhania was in danger during his balloon trip. + Singhania set a new world record. + Singhania travelled over both sea and land. + Singhania's balloon was enormous. 2. Vijaypat Singhania used technologies found in two other types of transport. Which types of transport? --- ## The appeal of PISA: Measuring student success around the world  --- class: center, middle ## Before PISA, education is largely a .orange[domestic] issue ## PISA .orange[internationalizes] education practice and policy making. --- ## For Thursday & next Monday: we turn PISA upside down. For Thursday, we do not meet in the classroom. Instead, you will complete this task: - listen to two interviews: .red[Power & perils of PISA (and other global learning metrics)] + Sam Sellar: https://soundcloud.com/freshed-podcast/freshed-74-the-global + Supriya Baily: https://soundcloud.com/freshed-podcast/freshed-48-the-meaning-of - Complete Writing Exercise No.3


I have now got my solar divert system working finally after fitting a longer immersion heater! An 11" immersion heater dosn't have much effect in a 1.5m tall tank .....
It would be really useful to have an external indicator as a "repeater" for the Tric on/off signal LED as built into the Arduino board.
Looking at the diagram, the LED feed to the Opto isolator is a +5 connection and one direct into the chip, I'm assuming that the chip then sinks the current. I dont want to connect too heavy a load to the chip so can anyone suggest a suitable simple circuit that would allow me to control an additional LED so that I can see what's happening more easily.
I was thinking of a simple NPN transistor (BC108 family?) with the emitter connected to Ov, the base via a suitable resistor to the Arduino output and my chosen LED(S) into the collector via suitable resistors to a supply rail. I accept that this would only work if the Opto isolatoe was working - which is what I want.
Comments welcome - thanks - Rob
Re: Arduino to Triac connection ..........
Why not simply use a separate output and drive that at the same time in the software?
Otherwise, if you've got a 5 V supply, you can probably, if it's a red LED, wire the LEDs in series and adjust the current limiting resistor to suit. You'd need to do the sums on the worst-case conditions to find the optimum resistor value, but I'd guess it is 75 Ω as that's what I use with 3.3 V emonTx. I need to put the driver i.c in the high side and the ATMega is active low; because it has a lower voltage drop to the 0 V rail when low than from the supply when high - check the data sheet if that doesn't immediately make sense.
Re: Arduino to Triac connection ..........
Yes, as Robert has said, the easiest approach is just to drive a spare digital pin on and off at the same time as the trigger. Many of the Mk2 versions do this already, e.g. in Mk2_PV_Router_mini_3 :
Here, the LED is used in "active high" mode because it matches the Uno's on-board LED. The trigger is "active low" because the Uno has slightly better drive characteristics in that mode.
Re: Arduino to Triac connection ..........
If you want an indicator at the Arduino end just connect an LED (with a 200ohm resistor) between pin 13 and GND they are next to each other on the board and no programing is requied. if you want the LED remote i.e. by the triac if you use say CAT5 cable or telephone wire to wire it you will have spare cores to run from the arduino to the tricac remote position. If you just want to open your tank cupboard and have an indication then you can get a mains plate for the immersion with a neon on it,


LineData — Extended spectral line metadata.¶
This module defines the LineData class.
-
class
admit.util.LineData.
LineData
(**keyval)[source]¶ Class for holding information on a specific spectral line, expanding on that of the Line base class.
Parameters: keyval : dict
Dictionary of keyword:value pairs.
Attributes
name (str) Name of the molecule/atom. Default: “”. uid (str) Unique identifier for the transition. Default: “”. formula (str) The chemical formula. Default: “”. transition (str) The transition/quantum number information. Default: “”. energies (2 element list) List of the lower and upper state energies of the transition. Default: [0.0, 0.0]. energyunits (str) Units of the upper/lower state energy. Default: K. linestrength (float) The line strength of the transition. Default: 0.0. lsunits (str) The units of the line strength. Default: “Debye^2”. frequency (float) The frequency of the transition. Default: 0.0. funits (str) The units of the frequency. Default: “GHz”. blend (int) If this molecule is blended with others. Value of 0 means no blending any other value gives the index of the blend. Default: 0 (no blending). mass (int) Rough mass of the molecule (H=1, C=12, etc.). Default: 0. plain (str) A human redable version of the chemical formula. Default: “”. isocount (int) A count of the number of non-standard isotopes in the molecule. For example the standard for carbon is 12C and 13C would be the non-standard isotope. Default: 0. chans (two element list) List of the starting and ending channels of the line. Default: [0, 0]. freqs (two element list) List of the starting and ending frequencies of the line. Default: [0.0, 0.0]. peakintensity (float) The peak intensity of the line in units from the input data. Default: 0.0. peakrms (float) The S/N of the peak of the line. Default: 0.0. fwhm (float) Full width half maximum of the line. Default: 0.0. noise (float) The rms noise of the spectrum. Default: 0.0. hfnum (int) Hyperfine identifier from the Tier1 database. Default: 0 (no hyperfines). peakoffset (float) The offset of the peak of the line from the vlsr. Default: 0.0. velocity (float) The velocity of the line (offset + vlsr). Default: 0.0. force (bool) If True then the user forced the identification via the force keyword in LineID, if False then the id was generated by LineID. Default: False. Methods
converttoline
()Method to convert the contents of the LineData object to a Line Object getend
()Method to get the ending channel number. getfend
()Method to get the ending frequency. getfstart
()Method to get the starting frequency. getkey
(key)Method to get a data member by name getlowerenergy
()Method to get the lower state energy. getstart
()Method to get the starting channel number. getupperenergy
()Method to get the upper state energy. isequal
(line)Experimental method to compare 2 line classes setchans
(chans)Method to set the channel range for the line. setend
(chan)Method to set the ending channel number. setfend
(freq)Method to set the ending frequency. setfreqs
(freqs)Method to set the frequency range for the line. setfstart
(freq)Method to set the starting frequency. setkey
([name, value])Method to set the key-value pairs for the class. setlowerenergy
(value)Method to set the lower state energy. setstart
(chan)Method to set the starting channel number. setupperenergy
(value)Method to set the upper state energy. -
converttoline
()[source]¶ Method to convert the contents of the LineData object to a Line Object
Parameters: None Returns: Line object populated with the relevant data from this LineData object
-
getend
()[source]¶ Method to get the ending channel number.
Parameters: None Returns: Int containing the ending channel number
-
getfend
()[source]¶ Method to get the ending frequency.
Parameters: None Returns: Float containing the ending frequency
-
getfstart
()[source]¶ Method to get the starting frequency.
Parameters: None Returns: Float containing the starting frequency
-
getkey
(key)[source]¶ Method to get a data member by name
Parameters: key : str
The name of the data member to return
Returns: various, the contents of the requested item
-
getstart
()[source]¶ Method to get the starting channel number.
Parameters: None Returns: Int containing the starting channel number
-
setchans
(chans)[source]¶ Method to set the channel range for the line.
Parameters: chans : list
Two element list of the channel range for the line
Returns: None
-
setend
(chan)[source]¶ Method to set the ending channel number.
Parameters: chan : int
The ending channel number to set
Returns: None
-
setfend
(freq)[source]¶ Method to set the ending frequency.
Parameters: chan : int
The ending frequency to set
Returns: None
-
setfreqs
(freqs)[source]¶ Method to set the frequency range for the line.
Parameters: chans : list
Two element list of the frequency range for the line
Returns: None
-
setfstart
(freq)[source]¶ Method to set the starting frequency.
Parameters: chan : int
The starting frequency to set
Returns: None
-
setkey
(name='', value='')[source]¶ Method to set the key-value pairs for the class. It treats the chans and freqs keywords specially, making sure that the pairs of numbers are properly ordered. All other keys and values are passed directly to the Line superclass setkey.
set keys, two styles are possible:
- name = {key:val} e.g. setkey({“a”:1})
- name = “key”, value = val e.g. setkey(“a”, 1)
This method checks the type of the keyword value, as it must remain the same. Also new keywords cannot be added.
Parameters: name : dictionary or string
Dictionary of keyword value pais to set or a string with the name of a single key
value : any
The value to change the keyword to
Returns: None
-


Setup Developing Environment
Install required tools
Before you start, make sure you have the following tools installed:
- Git，please refer to Install Git
- JDK 1.8，please refer to Install JDK
- Maven 3.x，please refer to Install Maven
- Docker，please refer to Install Docker
- Service Center, please refer to Install Service Center
- IntelliJ Idea IDE(optional, you can use any IDE you like, e.g. eclipse), please refer toInstall IntelliJ
Setup git
-
Get a Github account. The ServiceComb projects is hosted on Github, so you will need a Github account. You can goto https://github.com/join?source=header-home for signup. Skip this if you already own an Github account. You can login on https://github.com/login?return_to=%2Fjoin%3Fsource%3Dheader-home after you finished the signup.
-
Configure Git. Configure personal information and setup git for push without username/password. Configure personal information:
git config --global user.name <your-user-name> git config --global user.email <your-email-address>
Substitute <your-user-name>和<your-email-address> with your name and email. ReferGit push without username and passwordto setup pushing without username/password.
-
Get the source code. For example, to get ServiceComb-Java-Chassis, execute the following command:
git clone https://github.com/apache/servicecomb-java-chassis.git
Configure IDE
There are many Java IDEs around, like Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA and STS, etc. We suggest to use IntelliJ IDEA, it’s community edition is good enough for daily usage. After you installed IntelliJ IDEA, follow Initial Setup for basic configuration. For frequently used shortcuts, Cannot Miss Shortcuts
The Java Chassis and Saga project uses Google Code Style. You can find the settings file under etc
directory which can be imported to IDEA. There is also a settings file for Eclipse under the same directory.
IntelliJ IDEA Configuration
Configure IntelliJ IDEA
-
Open IntelliJ Settings page
-
Import the coding style settings file
etc/intellij-java-google-style.xml
-
Open a modified but uncommited file, then Choose [Code] > [Show Reformat File Dialog]
-
Choose [Only VCS changed text], then click [Run]
Just run [Reformat code] (Ctrl+Alt+L) afterwards to format the code.
For more IntelliJ usages, please check IntelliJ tutorial。


Reference Language | Libraries | Comparison | Changes
Integer constants are numbers used directly in a sketch, like 123
. By default, these numbers are treated as int's but you can change this with the U and L modifiers (see below).
Normally, integer constants are treated as base 10 (decimal) integers, but special notation (formatters) may be used to enter numbers in other bases.
Base Example Formatter Comment 10 (decimal) 123 none 2 (binary) B1111011 leading 'B' only works with 8 bit values (0 to 255) characters 0-1 valid 8 (octal) 0173 leading "0" characters 0-7 valid 16 (hexadecimal) 0x7B leading "0x" characters 0-9, A-F, a-f valid
Decimal is base 10. This is the common-sense math with which you are acquainted. Constants without other prefixes are assumed to be in decimal format.
Example:101 // same as 101 decimal ((1 * 10^2) + (0 * 10^1) + 1)
Binary is base two. Only characters 0 and 1 are valid.
B101 // same as 5 decimal ((1 * 2^2) + (0 * 2^1) + 1)
The binary formatter only works on bytes (8 bits) between 0 (B0) and 255 (B11111111). If it is convenient to input an int (16 bits) in binary form you can do it a two-step procedure such as:
myInt = (B11001100 * 256) + B10101010; // B11001100 is the high byte
Octal is base eight. Only characters 0 through 7 are valid. Octal values are indicated by the prefix "0"
Example:
0101 // same as 65 decimal ((1 * 8^2) + (0 * 8^1) + 1)
Hexadecimal (or hex) is base sixteen. Valid characters are 0 through 9 and letters A through F; A has the value 10, B is 11, up to F, which is 15. Hex values are indicated by the prefix "0x". Note that A-F may be syted in upper or lower case (a-f).
Example:
0x101 // same as 257 decimal ((1 * 16^2) + (0 * 16^1) + 1)
By default, an integer constant is treated as an int with the attendant limitations in values. To specify an integer constant with another data type, follow it with:
33u
100000L
32767ul
Corrections, suggestions, and new documentation should be posted to the Forum.
The text of the Arduino reference is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. Code samples in the reference are released into the public domain.


Alykhan Kanji
Software Engineering • University of Waterloo
Skills
- Python, Java, Swift, C, C++, Objective-C, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, MATLAB
- Frameworks: Flask, Django, Apache Thrift, Apache Hadoop, Apache Pig
- Strong initiative and passion for learning, confident in leadership roles, attentive listener
Professional Experience
Apple Inc. — Software Engineer, Siri Proactive Intelligence
Cupertino, 2016 – Present
- Produced new features and improvements for Siri Intelligence tentpole in iOS 11
- Used named-entity recognition and part-of-speech tagging to proactively personalize first-party app experiences
- Deployed an internal iOS application for visualizing and retrieving feedback on personalized content
Apple Inc. — Software Engineering Intern, Cloud Services Localization
Paris, Fall 2015
- Refactored structured event extraction from HTML documents with JavaScript, for iOS 10 “Found in Apps” feature
- Decreased time to adopt new providers by 90% using heuristic techniques and internationalization
- Prototyped a Naive Bayes classifier to automatically categorize emails using Ruby
Apple Inc. — Software Engineering Intern, Siri Proactive Intelligence
Cupertino, Winter 2015
- Contributed to Intelligence features including proactive suggestions for iOS 9, on 900M+ iOS devices
- Implemented routine and “frecency” heuristics for Siri App Suggestions, displayed in Spotlight
- Built internal iOS application in Swift to demo machine learning predictions to senior executives
Apple Inc. — Software Engineering Intern, Siri Proactive Intelligence
Cupertino, Spring 2014
- Enhanced Intelligent Suggestions feature in iOS 8 Mail, shipping to 500M+ devices
- Refined pattern recognition and matching techniques for data extraction via Natural Language Processing
- Established continuous integration tool to measure precision & recall, perform automated regression testing
TripAdvisor LLC — Software Engineering Co-op, Hotels
Boston, Fall 2013
- Shipped new features in collaboration with PMs and designers using Java, Apache Velocity, JavaScript
- Implemented perceptual diff tool in Python with PhantomJS and automated Selenium WebDriver testing
- Investigated potential XStream serialization improvements in a multi-threaded environment
Fixmo Inc. (acquired by BlackBerry) — Software Engineering, Sentinel
Toronto, 2012 – 2013
- Wrote new components for Sentinel, a Mobile Risk Management console, using Java, Vaadin, MySQL
- Created policy violation inbox, mobile application vault, enrollment email system, load testing tools
- Automated testing workflow with batch and SQL scripts, reduced weekly workload by several hours
Projects
Waterloo, 2014 – 2016
- Developed a static analyzer for Swift with Java and ANTLR in a team of four, for Capstone Design project
- Garnered over 30K installations and 1000+ stars on GitHub
Instructor, Aga Khan Education Board Coding Class
Bay Area, Summer 2017
- Taught software development using Python to more than 20 students in middle and high school
Five-time resident, Velocity Entrepreneurship Program (velocity.uwaterloo.ca)
Waterloo, 2013 – 2016
- Bootstrapped technical projects in fields ranging from travel planning to developer tools to medicine
Four-time delegate, Canadian University Software Engineering Conference (2016.cusec.net)
Montréal, 2012 – 2016
- Organized tickets, accommodations, and transportation from Waterloo to Montréal for 30 students
Education
Online, Winter 2017
- Applied regression, neural networks, SVMs, and k-Means algorithms in MATLAB
Waterloo, 2011 – 2016
- Graduated with Distinction and on the Dean’s Honours List


We are Delectable Video Delicatessen, or DVD for short. We are a Video Rental company that specializes in carrying those hard to find Movies and TV Sitcoms that those larger corporate types won't carry. Our Titles are for rent and sale. And if don't happen to see something that you have been craving then Drop us a line and we'll do our best to tackle your hunger. As always our goal is your ultimate satisfaction, so stick around and shop, I know the ambiance isn't quite what it is in our brick and mortar locations but we think you'll find it just as satisfying! Thanks again for allowing us to serve you.


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Type Function Library native.* Return value none Revision Current Public Release (2013.2076) Keywords keyboard, text, text input, focus Sample code /CoronaSDK/SampleCode/Interface/NativeKeyboard2 See also native.newTextField(), native.newTextBox()
Sets keyboard focus on a textField
and (where appropriate) shows or hides the keyboard. Pass nil
to remove focus and dismiss (hide) the keyboard.
This API only works on device and Xcode Simulator builds.
native.setKeyboardFocus( textField )
Object (native text field or text box object). id of the field on which to set the keyboard focus, or nil
to hide the keyboard.
local function onUsername( event )
if ( "began" == event.phase ) then
-- Note: this is the "keyboard appearing" event
-- In some cases you may want to adjust the interface while the keyboard is open.
elseif ( "submitted" == event.phase ) then
-- Automatically tab to password field if user clicks "Return" on iPhone keyboard (convenient!)
native.setKeyboardFocus( passwordField )
end
end
local function onPassword( event )
-- Hide keyboard when the user clicks "Return" in this field
if ( "submitted" == event.phase ) then
native.setKeyboardFocus( nil )
end
end
usernameField = native.newTextField( 50, 150, 220, 36, onUsername )
usernameField.font = native.newFont( native.systemFontBold, 24 )
usernameField.text = ""
usernameField:setTextColor( 51, 51, 122, 255 )
passwordField = native.newTextField( 50, 210, 220, 36, onPassword )
passwordField.font = native.newFont( native.systemFontBold, 24 )
passwordField.text = ""
passwordField.isSecure = true
passwordField:setTextColor( 51, 51, 122, 255 )


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I am a solutions-oriented, highly analytical data scientist. As a weather forecaster I am used to a high-tempo environment that is fluid. I am a military veteran accustomed to tasks requiring attention to details and deep focus.
Completed full-time immersive Data Science program that included over 500 hours of professional training in 12 weeks. Utilized a hands-on approach focused on real-world application of Python, NLP, and Machine Learning. Developed a portfolio of individually and collaboratively focused in-class projects, including:
• Reddit NLP Used NLP and a classification model to determine which subreddit a post came from.
• Feature Restricted Income Model Built a model to predict income with a limit of 20 features.
• Led in-the-field programs for REI customers to include delivery of class content, customer service during the outing, and the safety of all the participants.
• Partner with store management teams, market coordinator teams, local business partners as well as local outdoor organizations.
• Designed an order fulfillment training and metrics program, decreasing missed orders by 10%.
• Developed an inventory program to prevent loss through expiration, saved $1500 in first month.
• Solved 15+ incidents per shift, 85% completed within 30 min. call limit, above the service level standard.
• Provided support for over 9,000 local and remote users for application, hardware and network solutions.
• Performed fixes including installing and upgrading software, implementing file backups, and configuring systems and applications.
• Provided centralized weather support for 95 million square mile AOR for the USAF, USMC, USN, USA, and ANG air operations, including airlift, airdrop, air refueling, intercept, reconnaissance, command and control, and search and rescue missions.
• Issued weather forecasts, warnings, and advisories protecting tens of billions of dollars in assets at 25 DoD locations.
• Provided weather support for Pacific Air Forces and US Army Pacific including specialized daily forecasts, climatological, geophysical, space & solar information.
• Operated various weather, communication and computer equipment, including WSR-88D OPUP Doppler radar, the Mark-IVB weather satellite receiver, and pilot-to-metro service.


Antius Trevus One
Help Me Pick New Logo Through 3 April 2016!
I am in the process of running a logo design contest on 99designs and have created a poll with 6 of the best logo designs I've received. I would love for you to vote on the logo design. It only takes a minute.
Like Sci-Fi? Read My New Online Fiction Series.
Do you like Sci-Fi? While I finish up my next novel, I have started an online fiction series called Forbearance. Picking up from the canteen scene in Bellicose, we meet Keius Minjen, a postal marine, as he tries to survive the battle planet Guna to exact revenge and one day liberate his homeland.
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The reign of Antius “the Half-Wit” Trevus I is remembered by society as one of the most terrifying and despotic of the Dabrian Dynasty. This scholar will not seek to glorify him, only to remind the reader that in spite of his cruelty he was one of those emperors known for creating in series of grand reforms that nearly saved the Imperium (because of his cruelty).
As one of Emil Dabrian’s children, Antius was forced to secure his position as Emperor. Emil believed that only a ruthless man should occupy the throne. Antius more than satisfied this requirement. As the legend goes, he had his sister’s family enrolled in terrible cosmic radiation experiements; and he had his brother die while quiting a potently addictive drug “cold turkey.”
“Foreign” Policy
It is difficult to discuss Imperial foreign policy as the official position of the Imperium was there were no foreign systems. However, Antius’ reign was mired in a few foreign issues that never resolved themself fully during his reign.
Early in his reign, the Nomon pirates began to infiltrate the Imperium. They struck without warning, dominated a system for months, then disappeared before the first Imperial ships arrived. These pirates were a scourge throughout Antius’ reign. Some scholars conjectured that their uncanny ability to disappear before the arrival of the fleet was due to a mole they planted within the fleet. Still others saw the pirates as Antius’ extraordinary tax collectors. The truth may lie in their having acquired some exotic technology that allows them to detect Soup wake.
“Grand Reforms”
While not exactly a member of the grand reforms, Antius’ actions helped to begin them. As we discuss in the section on internal affairs, Antius allowed himself to be easily swayed by those who could play off his cruelty. He also chose to ignore the Oligarchs’ activities, which helped to erode the Emperor’s power. However, the Oligarchs were likewise not concerned with the daily lives of the mundane citizenry. The rights of Citizens thus suffered.
During his reign many sought to join the King Traih League, which led to violent repression of those systems when Antius finally acted. This frequently involved capture and torture of League diplomats, and only because of the threat of his cruelty if the Imperium won was peace bartered with the League.
Internal Affairs
The Lemardians lost favor with Antius. This was due in large part to their siding with his brother. Attempts they made were not unseen by the Emperor, and he reminded those involved that it was unwise to cross a man so willing to sacrifice his own family. However, they were not destroyed for their role in Imperial politics made it easier for the Emperor to soften his image. Some are still convinced that the Lemardians were involved in the death of his brother–rather than the frustrated rescuers.
Antius installed his on “rationalists” within the Lemardian leadership. These rationalists helped to destroy critical records and learning held by the Lemardian libraries. Their more popular tactic, however, was to revise copies of key documents and ensure the new revisions replaced the originals. What was more sinister was that the revisions typically had older documentation dates than the originals, leading some to believe the revisions were the “true” copies adulterated by “impressionist” Lemardians. This led to the two factions within the order, and a constant power struggle that lasted until the Lemardians lost all favor in the Imperium. It was his dulling of the knowledge of the Lemardian that he earned the moniker “Half-Wit.”
Many admit that when an Emperor makes an offer, it can be hard to refuse. With Antius, it was incredibly risky to refuse, as the Lemardian Order learned.  Speculation that his wife helped dull his temper are unfounded, but it makes for interesting vidramas (visual dramas). In the end, they extracted from Antius the only tax exemption his reign bestowed. Strong evidence suggests that the Seers helped undermine the Lemaridan Order as some former Seers have been discovered in key positions within the Order.
The Zophian Sisterhood also felt Antius’ sting. Kuberian sect of the Gahanians successfully lobbied Antius to weaken the Sisterhood. In classic Antius cruelty, those the Kubarians implicated from the Sisterhood were forced to service the Imperial Navy’s recreation stations. Antius also ensured laws permanently hamstrung the Sisterhood. Entire convents were disbanded and indentured as a result.
Behind much of the intrigue was Xervius Lundrel, who was deeply religious and quite cruel. Although, it is more accurate that his liasons with the Empress led to Xervius becoming such a powerful figure within the Imperial Court.
Succession
Antius’ death was sudden and likely the result of an assassination. His oldest son Jubal II ascended to the throne at 33 years of age. I shall not discuss him futher.
References
- Dabrian Dynasty
- Emil Dabrian
- Gahanian Seers
- Grand Reforms
- Jubal II
- King Traih League
- Kuberian Movement
- Lemardians
- Nomon Pirates
- Xervius Lundrel
- Zophian Sisterhood


Will you be my
valentine
LIFELINE
?
Will you be mine ?
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Knockout binding
See complete example at: Example.ChromiumFX.Ko.UI
Knockout binding is provided by the Neutronium.JavascriptFramework.Knockout
assembly that exposes the injector:
KnockoutFrameworkManager
registered name KnockoutInjector
Given the following ViewModel:
public class Skill
{
public string Type { get;}
public string Name { get;}
public Skill (string name, string skillType)
{
Name = name;
Type = skillType;
}
}
public class Person: ViewModelBase
{
private string _Name;
public string Name
{
get { return _Name; }
set { Set(ref _Name, value, "Name"); }
}
private Skill _MainSkill;
public Skill MainSkill
{
get { return _MainSkill; }
set { Set(ref _MainSkill, value, "MainSkill"); }
}
public IList<Skill> Skills { get; private set; }
public ICommand RemoveSkill { get; private set; }
public Person()
{
Skills = new ObservableCollection<Skill>();
RemoveSkill = new RelayCommand<Skill>(s=> this.Skills.Remove(s));
}
}
Bind to a property:

Bind to a nested property:

Bind to a Collection:

Note that you need the parenthesis as arrays are mapped to observable value which value is an observable array.
Bind to a Command with custom binding :
<button data-bind="command: $data.RemoveSkill"></button>
By default the command will be called if CanExecute is true on click with element context as command argument.
Bind to a Command with custom binding :
<button data-bind="command: $data.RemoveSkill"></button>
The command will be called if CanExecute is true on click with element context as command argument.
Bind to a Command with custom binding on different event:
<button data-bind="command: $data.RemoveSkill, commandoption: { event:'dblclick'}">
</button>
This will call Execute if CanExecute is true with element context as parameter on button double click.
Special Hook
It is possible to create a register method on the global ko object. This method should take one argument which is the ViewModel. It will called before calling ko.applyBindings, so it can be used to register computed properties.
Example:
ko.register = function (vm) {
vm.count = ko.computed( function() {
return this.Skills().length;
}, vm);
}


abstract struct Int
- Int
- Number
- Value
- Object
Overview
Int is the base type of all integer types.
There are four signed integer types: Int8
, Int16
, Int32
and Int64
,
being able to represent numbers of 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively.
There are four unsigned integer types: UInt8
, UInt16
, UInt32
and UInt64
.
An integer literal is an optional +
or -
sign, followed by
a sequence of digits and underscores, optionally followed by a suffix.
If no suffix is present, the literal's type is the lowest between Int32
, Int64
and UInt64
in which the number fits:
1 # Int32
1_i8 # Int8
1_i16 # Int16
1_i32 # Int32
1_i64 # Int64
1_u8 # UInt8
1_u16 # UInt16
1_u32 # UInt32
1_u64 # UInt64
+10 # Int32
-20 # Int32
2147483648 # Int64
9223372036854775808 # UInt64
The underscore _
before the suffix is optional.
Underscores can be used to make some numbers more readable:
1_000_000 # better than 1000000
Binary numbers start with 0b
:
0b1101 # == 13
Octal numbers start with 0o
:
0o123 # == 83
Hexadecimal numbers start with 0x
:
0xFE012D # == 16646445
0xfe012d # == 16646445


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| DOSE: |
1.25 tablets |
oral |
MDMA |
(pill / tablet) |
| |
repeated |
smoked |
Cannabis |
(plant material) |
I first started using ecstasy in August of 2004. Before then I had been an avid pot smoker and an occasional tripper of DXM. Still, the pure thought of ecstasy alone scared me. I had classified it into the most dangerous group of drugs, and swore I would never touch it.
To this day, I still believe doing ecstasy was the best decision of my life. It's the only drug out there that I have used thats given me something back, and helped me find the love of my life.
The first time I ever used ecstasy was with my two best girl friends. I wasn't sure what to expect at first. My friends had told me the feeling was unexplainable and by far the best they've ever had. We popped Blue Christmas Trees at about 9 o clock that night. 20 minutes later I was already feeling the effects. My muscles were tensing, palms sweaty, light fuzzy feeling in the head, and a sense of openess. Sadly, I thought this was the most I'd expect. Not even 15 minutes later I was peaking in a steam room in the bathroom. Peaking is probably the most difficult part to describe of ecstasy. Peaking is ecstasy. Usually when I peak I find myself moaning, naked, clutching and massaging myself. All my brain and body tell me is that I love myself. I love everyone. I love life. It's absolutely amazing.
The first time I peaked me and my two girlfriends sat in the bathroom with steam all around us and held each other naked. All we talked about was how much we loved each other and how beautiful we were. My whole life I had been extrememly self concious and for once, I felt beautiful.  All I could do was hug everyone and tell them how much I loved them. From that night on, I knew ecstasy was going to be a problem for me.
The next 4 months were a blur of ecstasy. My group of friends and I became hooked to the amazing feelings of ecstasy. Every spare moment we had, we were rolling. Ecstasy almost began to loose its meaning.  Maybe the reason I loved ecstasy so much was because I meant what I said on it. However, most people only say the things they do because they are rolling. The Glow shows, techno music, and rave-like parties were only fun for so long.
Then the after effects started kicking in. I never got any sleep and was always a wreck/e-tard at work. I started getting depressed from doing ecstasy too much.  I stopped doing ecstasy for pretty much the entire month of January. I thought I was finished for good.
Now, the part of the story I've been wanting to get to. For about the past year I had secretly liked someone who I had hardly known. His name was Aaron, and I only knew him because he would occasionally stop by my work when his friends were working with me. After awhile we had started talking, and occasionally we smoked together. Nothing big. I knew he wasn't interested, and I knew nothing would happen. I had pretty much given up on love at that point in my life. In the back of my mind I knew if I could get him to roll maybe something could happen. Turns out I got him to roll, but I didn't get to roll with him. The pills he took were pretty horrible, and he didn't have an amazing first experience like I did. I was scared Aaron would never want to try ecstasy again because of his horrible first time. So again, I gave up on the thought of us ever being together.
Then out of the blue a few weeks later he called me up asking If I wanted to roll with him and a few of his friends. Now, at the time I was seeing someone and I knew I should be a good person and say no, but I couldn't. This was the chance of a lifetime for me and I wasn't going to pass it up. Saturday night came and literally after spending 3 hours getting ready I went over to his friends house. I remember feeling so nervous and excited, I knew something was going to happen between us. We each popped a pink teddy bear and sat around talking while we waiting for the effects to kick in. I remember when I first started feeling the effects kick in I couldn't take my eyes off of Aaron.
Suddenly I was so confident. I kept talking to him and following him around. After the effects began to heighten I suggested that we make a steam room. As we sat in the shower I ripped off my shirt. Normally, I wouldn't have done something like this. But I felt confident, and I wanted Aaron to notice me. After the steam room we went back into his friends bed room as a group. I was sitting a couple feet away from Aaron. At this point we were talking heavily and I hinted towards a massage and how good they felt when rolling. So of course, I began to massage him. The next thing I remember is someone walking in and asking Aaron if he was getting on me. He said something like 'No, she has a boyfriend.'
Of course, that was denied by me instantly. So thus, the cuddling began, and I confessed to Aaron that I didn't want this to go any farther because of previous guys who had hurt me before while we were rolling together. Aaron then told me that he wasn't like that, and that he had liked me for so long and had wanted to say something but never could. I have never been happier in my entire life. To know someone feels the same way about you that for so long you had felt about them is amazing. Let alone there is no better time to find this out then when rolling.
I told Aaron I didn't want to do anything because I felt bad for the guy I was seeing. He said that was fine, so we cuddled with each other for awhile. During this time Aaron was running his hand up and down my stomach. I must have orgasmed four of five times. It was so amazing to have him touching me. I couldn't resist not to kiss him anymore. For the remainder of the night we talked about how much we had liked each other and how this wasn't just a one-night thing. I left there at about 3 that morning and went home.  I was way too damn happy. In the morning before work he sent me a text message saying that he still felt the same way.  I fell in love that night.
Without ecstasy I doubt I would have ever had my chance with Aaron. He is honestly the love of my life and no one could ever make me happier or more alive then he does. We still do it from time to time. No more parties, no raves, just by ourselves in the quietness of his home. And that is the best ecstasy experience you will ever have, with the person you love. Sharing ecstasy together is the greatest gift we can give one another.
I love you Aaron. 'Imagine just you and me together forever.'
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.