TPS constable accused of Tasering break-and-enter suspect after he surrendered
by Chris Herhalt, CP24.comA 51-year-old Toronto police officer has been charged in connection with an October incident where a break-and-enter suspect was allegedly shocked three times with a conducted energy weapon and kicked after he surrendered.
Toronto police say that on Oct. 7 at about 12:50 a.m., two officers were dispatched to the Yonge Street and St. Clair Avenue West area for a report of a break and enter.
The suspects fled the scene in a rideshare vehicle and the officers gave chase.
When they stopped the car, the suspects got out and fled on foot.
One of the suspects then surrendered to pursuing officers.
Police say that “while the suspect was being handcuffed,” an officer drew his conducted energy weapon and fired its prongs into the suspect, shocking him.
The officer then allegedly switched the conducted energy weapon to “drive stun” mode, where the electrical contacts on the end of the weapon can be pressed directly to a person’s skin.
The officer allegedly shocked the suspect twice in this manner.
He allegedly also kicked the suspect.
On Monday, police identified the officer as Mehrdad Mahmodian.
He was charged with assault with a weapon, assault, and attempting to obstruct justice.
He is expected to appear in court on Jan. 4 at 1000 Finch Avenue West.
Police say Mahmodian has been an officer for 11 years and is currently with 53 Division.
Investigators say Mahmodian has been suspended with pay since the incident.


It's 2011
Our client sees an example of CSS3 animation...
We gotta have this on our home page!
Demo
We did all we could
We warned them.
We showed them examples.
We said it would cost a lot!
We built it anyway
And it took a long time.
And it cost a lot.
It also...
- Performed terribly
- It wasn't mobile compatible
- Ditched within the month
We were angry
We told you this was going to happen!
Why did you make us do it‽
Clients suck!!
We were sad
Is this our destiny?
Do we suck?
Pull yer head out
There's a pattern
- People love fancy stuff
- We love fancy stuff... our judgement gets clouded
- Fancy stuff become complex when we try to build in the application framework
A Lean Model
- Low-res Prototype
- User Feedback
- Medium-res Prototype
- User Feedback
- High-res Prototype (or application integration)
- User Feedback


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--- title: Backward incompatible changes version: "7.1" tags: - "7.1" - incompatible ---
Previously, a warning would be emitted for invoking user-defined functions with too few arguments. Now, this warning has been promoted to an Error exception. This change only applies to user-defined functions, not internal functions. For example:
<?php
function test($param){}
test();
The above example will output something similar to:
Fatal error: Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function test(), 0 passed in %s on line %d and exactly 1 expected in %s:%d
Dynamic calls for certain functions have been forbidden (in the form of
$func()
or array_map('extract', ...)
,
etc). These functions either inspect or modify another scope, and present
with them ambiguous and unreliable behavior. The functions are as follows:
<?php
(function () {
$func = 'func_num_args';
$func();
})();
The above example will output:
Warning: Cannot call func_num_args() dynamically in %s on line %d
The following names cannot be used to name classes, interfaces, or traits:
Integer operations and conversions on numerical strings now respect
scientific notation. This also includes the (int)
cast
operation, and the following functions: intval() (where
the base is 10), settype(), decbin(),
decoct(), and dechex().
mt_rand() will now default to using the fixed version of
the Mersenne Twister algorithm. If deterministic output from
mt_srand() was relied upon, then the
MT_RAND_PHP
with the ability to preserve the old
(incorrect) implementation via an additional optional second parameter to
mt_srand().
rand() and srand() have now been made aliases to mt_rand() and mt_srand(), respectively. This means that the output for the following functions have changed: rand(), shuffle(), str_shuffle(), and array_rand().
The ASCII delete control character (0x7F
) can no longer
be used in identifiers that are not quoted.
error_log
changes with syslog
value
If the error_log
ini setting is set to
syslog
, the PHP error levels are mapped to the syslog
error levels. This brings finer differentiation in the error logs in
contrary to the previous approach where all the errors are logged with the
notice level only.
Destructors are now never called for objects that throw an exception during the execution of their constructor. In previous versions this behavior depended on whether the object was referenced outside the constructor (e.g. by an exception backtrace).
call_user_func() will now always generate a warning upon calls to functions that expect references as arguments. Previously this depended on whether the call was fully qualified.
Additionally, call_user_func() and call_user_func_array() will no longer abort the function call in this case. The "expected reference" warning will be emitted, but the call will proceed as usual.
Applying the empty index operator to a string (e.g. $str[] = $x
)
throws a fatal error instead of converting silently to array.
String modification by character on an empty string now works like for non-empty strings, i.e. writing to an out of range offset pads the string with spaces, where non-integer types are converted to integer, and only the first character of the assigned string is used. Formerly, empty strings where silently treated like an empty array.
<?php
$a = '';
$a[10] = 'foo';
var_dump($a);
?>
Output of the above example in PHP 7.0:
array(1) { [10]=> string(3) "foo" }
Output of the above example in PHP 7.1:
string(11) " f"
The following ini directives have been removed:
session.entropy_file
session.entropy_length
session.hash_function
session.hash_bits_per_character
The order of the elements in an array has changed when those elements have been automatically created by referencing them in a by reference assignment. For example:
<?php
$array = [];
$array["a"] =& $array["b"];
$array["b"] = 1;
var_dump($array);
?>
Output of the above example in PHP 7.0:
array(2) { ["a"]=> &int(1) ["b"]=> &int(1) }
Output of the above example in PHP 7.1:
array(2) { ["b"]=> &int(1) ["a"]=> &int(1) }
The internal sorting algorithm has been improved, what may result in different sort order of elements, which compare as equal, than before.
Note:
Don't rely on the order of elements which compare as equal; it might change anytime.
The error message for E_RECOVERABLE errors has been changed from "Catchable fatal error" to "Recoverable fatal error".
The allowed_classes
element of the $options parameter of
unserialize() is now strictly typed, i.e. if anything
other than an array or a bool is given,
unserialize() returns false
and issues an E_WARNING
.
DateTime and DateTimeImmutable
now properly incorporate microseconds when constructed from the current time,
either explicitly or with a relative string (e.g. "first day of next
month"
). This means that naive comparisons of two newly created
instances will now more likely return false
instead of true
:
<?php
new DateTime() == new DateTime();
?>
In the Date extension, invalid serialization data for DateTime or DatePeriod classes, or timezone initialization failure from serialized data, will now throw an Error exception from the __wakeup() or __set_state() methods, instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the DBA extension, data modification functions (such as dba_insert()) will now throw an Error exception instead of triggering a catchable fatal error if the key does not contain exactly two elements.
In the DOM extension, invalid schema or RelaxNG validation contexts will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error. Similarly, attempting to register a node class that does not extend the appropriate base class, or attempting to read an invalid property or write to a readonly property, will also now throw an Error exception.
In the IMAP extension, email addresses longer than 16385 bytes will throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the Intl extension, failing to call the parent constructor in a class extending Collator before invoking the parent methods will now throw an Error instead of resulting in a recoverable fatal error. Also, cloning a Transliterator object will now throw an Error exception on failure to clone the internal transliterator instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the LDAP extension, providing an unknown modification type to ldap_batch_modify() will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the mbstring extension, the mb_ereg() and mb_eregi() functions will now throw a ParseError exception if an invalid PHP expression is provided and the 'e' option is used.
In the Mcrypt extension, the mcrypt_encrypt() and mcrypt_decrypt() will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error if mcrypt cannot be initialized.
In the mysqli extension, attempting to read an invalid property or write to a readonly property will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the Reflection extension, failing to retrieve a reflection object or retrieve an object property will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the Session extension, custom session handlers that do not return strings for session IDs will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error when a function is called that must generate a session ID.
In the SimpleXML extension, creating an unnamed or duplicate attribute will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the SPL extension, attempting to clone an SplDirectory object will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error. Similarly, calling ArrayIterator::append() when iterating over an object will also now throw an Error exception.
In the standard extension, the assert() function, when provided with a string argument as its first parameter, will now throw a ParseError exception instead of resulting in a catchable fatal error if the PHP code is invalid. Similarly, calling forward_static_call() outside of a class scope will now throw an Error exception.
In the Tidy extension, creating a tidyNode manually will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the WDDX extension, a circular reference when serializing will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the XML-RPC extension, a circular reference when serializing will now throw an instance of Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error.
In the Zip extension, the ZipArchive::addGlob() method will now throw an Error exception instead of resulting in a fatal error if glob support is not available.
Variables bound to a closure via
the use
construct cannot use the same name as any
superglobals, $this, or any parameter. For
example, all of these function definition will result in a fatal error:
<?php
$f = function () use ($_SERVER) {};
$f = function () use ($this) {};
$f = function ($param) use ($param) {};
long2ip() now expects an int instead of a string.
The serialize_precision
ini setting now controls the
serialization precision when encoding doubles.
Decoding an empty key now results in an empty property name, rather than
_empty_
as a property name.
<?php
var_dump(json_decode(json_encode(['' => 1])));
The above example will output something similar to:
object(stdClass)#1 (1) { [""]=> int(1) }
When supplying the JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE
flag to
json_encode(), the sequences U+2028 and U+2029 are now
escaped.
The third parameter to the mb_ereg() and
mb_eregi() functions (regs
) will now be
set to an empty array if nothing was matched. Formerly, the parameter would
not have been modified.
The sslv2 stream has now been dropped in OpenSSL.
Return statements without argument in functions which declare a return type
now trigger E_COMPILE_ERROR
(unless the return type is
declared as void), even if the return statement would never be
reached.


| 040:044 Khan | : |
"And you will remember what I am telling you, and my affair I leave it to Allah. Verily, Allah is the All-Seer of (His) slaves." |
| 040:044 Maulana | : |
So you will remember what I say to you, and I entrust my affair to Allah. Surely Allah is Seer of the servants. |
| 040:044 Pickthal | : |
And ye will remember what I say unto you. I confide my cause unto Allah. Lo! Allah is Seer of (His) slaves. |
| 040:044 Rashad | : |
"Some day you will remember what I am telling you now. I leave the judgment of this matter to GOD; GOD is the Seer of all the people." |
| 040:044 Sarwar | : |
You will soon recall what I have told you. I entrust God with my affairs. God is Well Aware of His servants.".  And I entrust my affair to ALLAH. Verily, ALLAH watches over HIS servants.' |
| 040:044 Yusufali | : |
"Soon will ye remember what I say to you (now), My (own) affair I commit to Allah: for Allah (ever) watches over His Servants." |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > صفات الله تعالى > البصير Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> His Glory's Characteristics> All Seer أركان الإسلام > الصلاة > الدعاء > المأثور من الدعاء Pillars of Islam> The Prayers>The Invocation> What is said Concerning Invocation الإيمان > الله جلّ جلاله > التفويض إليه جلّ وعلا Faith> Allah, Glory to his Majesty> Entrust Him
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


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@curbls/ecs Benchmark
Test runner
| Test | Ops/sec | |
|---|---|---|
|
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|
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Exit Early
|
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Async
|
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Error
|
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Comments
|
|
You can edit these tests or add even more tests to this page
by appending /edit
to the URL.
0 comments


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Hello, Hi there, as you can see that's me on the left! Just an ordinary girl that loves going on adventures to lazing around with tidbits on hand while watching Netflix...shhh
Now that I have exposed how I look like, let me tell you more about myself.
I am Mei Fang from the school of DEEE(Diploma in Electrical and Electronic Engineering) in Singapore Polytechnic(SP).
Yes, we all know this stereotype that Engineering girls are the minority here, this is true speaking from a 2:19 ratio in my class... but still, I hold such brain power to do awesome things here! :-)


Essential Classes in sympy.vector (doctrings)¶
CoordSysCartesian¶
-
class
sympy.vector.coordsysrect.
CoordSysCartesian
(name, location=None, rotation_matrix=None, parent=None, vector_names=None, variable_names=None, latex_vects=None, pretty_vects=None, latex_scalars=None, pretty_scalars=None)[source]¶ Represents a coordinate system in 3-D space.
-
__init__
(name, location=None, rotation_matrix=None, parent=None, vector_names=None, variable_names=None, latex_vects=None, pretty_vects=None, latex_scalars=None, pretty_scalars=None)[source]¶ The orientation/location parameters are necessary if this system is being defined at a certain orientation or location wrt another.
Parameters: name : str
The name of the new CoordSysCartesian instance.
location : Vector
The position vector of the new system’s origin wrt the parent instance.
rotation_matrix : SymPy ImmutableMatrix
The rotation matrix of the new coordinate system with respect to the parent. In other words, the output of new_system.rotation_matrix(parent).
parent : CoordSysCartesian
The coordinate system wrt which the orientation/location (or both) is being defined.
vector_names, variable_names : iterable(optional)
Iterables of 3 strings each, with custom names for base vectors and base scalars of the new system respectively. Used for simple str printing.
-
locate_new
(name, position, vector_names=None, variable_names=None)[source]¶ Returns a CoordSysCartesian with its origin located at the given position wrt this coordinate system’s origin.
Parameters: name : str
The name of the new CoordSysCartesian instance.
position : Vector
The position vector of the new system’s origin wrt this one.
vector_names, variable_names : iterable(optional)
Iterables of 3 strings each, with custom names for base vectors and base scalars of the new system respectively. Used for simple str printing.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> A = CoordSysCartesian('A') >>> B = A.locate_new('B', 10 * A.i) >>> B.origin.position_wrt(A.origin) 10*A.i
-
orient_new
(name, orienters, location=None, vector_names=None, variable_names=None)[source]¶ Creates a new CoordSysCartesian oriented in the user-specified way with respect to this system.
Please refer to the documentation of the orienter classes for more information about the orientation procedure.
Parameters: name : str
The name of the new CoordSysCartesian instance.
orienters : iterable/Orienter
An Orienter or an iterable of Orienters for orienting the new coordinate system. If an Orienter is provided, it is applied to get the new system. If an iterable is provided, the orienters will be applied in the order in which they appear in the iterable.
location : Vector(optional)
The location of the new coordinate system’s origin wrt this system’s origin. If not specified, the origins are taken to be coincident.
vector_names, variable_names : iterable(optional)
Iterables of 3 strings each, with custom names for base vectors and base scalars of the new system respectively. Used for simple str printing.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> from sympy import symbols >>> q0, q1, q2, q3 = symbols('q0 q1 q2 q3') >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N')
Using an AxisOrienter
>>> from sympy.vector import AxisOrienter >>> axis_orienter = AxisOrienter(q1, N.i + 2 * N.j) >>> A = N.orient_new('A', (axis_orienter, ))
Using a BodyOrienter
>>> from sympy.vector import BodyOrienter >>> body_orienter = BodyOrienter(q1, q2, q3, '123') >>> B = N.orient_new('B', (body_orienter, ))
Using a SpaceOrienter
>>> from sympy.vector import SpaceOrienter >>> space_orienter = SpaceOrienter(q1, q2, q3, '312') >>> C = N.orient_new('C', (space_orienter, ))
Using a QuaternionOrienter
>>> from sympy.vector import QuaternionOrienter >>> q_orienter = QuaternionOrienter(q0, q1, q2, q3) >>> D = N.orient_new('D', (q_orienter, ))
-
orient_new_axis
(name, angle, axis, location=None, vector_names=None, variable_names=None)[source]¶ Axis rotation is a rotation about an arbitrary axis by some angle. The angle is supplied as a SymPy expr scalar, and the axis is supplied as a Vector.
Parameters: name : string
The name of the new coordinate system
angle : Expr
The angle by which the new system is to be rotated
axis : Vector
The axis around which the rotation has to be performed
location : Vector(optional)
The location of the new coordinate system’s origin wrt this system’s origin. If not specified, the origins are taken to be coincident.
vector_names, variable_names : iterable(optional)
Iterables of 3 strings each, with custom names for base vectors and base scalars of the new system respectively. Used for simple str printing.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> from sympy import symbols >>> q1 = symbols('q1') >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N') >>> B = N.orient_new_axis('B', q1, N.i + 2 * N.j)
-
orient_new_body
(name, angle1, angle2, angle3, rotation_order, location=None, vector_names=None, variable_names=None)[source]¶ Body orientation takes this coordinate system through three successive simple rotations.
Body fixed rotations include both Euler Angles and Tait-Bryan Angles, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_angles.
Parameters: name : string
The name of the new coordinate system
angle1, angle2, angle3 : Expr
Three successive angles to rotate the coordinate system by
rotation_order : string
String defining the order of axes for rotation
location : Vector(optional)
The location of the new coordinate system’s origin wrt this system’s origin. If not specified, the origins are taken to be coincident.
vector_names, variable_names : iterable(optional)
Iterables of 3 strings each, with custom names for base vectors and base scalars of the new system respectively. Used for simple str printing.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> from sympy import symbols >>> q1, q2, q3 = symbols('q1 q2 q3') >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N')
A ‘Body’ fixed rotation is described by three angles and three body-fixed rotation axes. To orient a coordinate system D with respect to N, each sequential rotation is always about the orthogonal unit vectors fixed to D. For example, a ‘123’ rotation will specify rotations about N.i, then D.j, then D.k. (Initially, D.i is same as N.i) Therefore,
>>> D = N.orient_new_body('D', q1, q2, q3, '123')
is same as
>>> D = N.orient_new_axis('D', q1, N.i) >>> D = D.orient_new_axis('D', q2, D.j) >>> D = D.orient_new_axis('D', q3, D.k)
Acceptable rotation orders are of length 3, expressed in XYZ or 123, and cannot have a rotation about about an axis twice in a row.
>>> B = N.orient_new_body('B', q1, q2, q3, '123') >>> B = N.orient_new_body('B', q1, q2, 0, 'ZXZ') >>> B = N.orient_new_body('B', 0, 0, 0, 'XYX')
-
orient_new_quaternion
(name, q0, q1, q2, q3, location=None, vector_names=None, variable_names=None)[source]¶ Quaternion orientation orients the new CoordSysCartesian with Quaternions, defined as a finite rotation about lambda, a unit vector, by some amount theta.
This orientation is described by four parameters:
q0 = cos(theta/2)
q1 = lambda_x sin(theta/2)
q2 = lambda_y sin(theta/2)
q3 = lambda_z sin(theta/2)
Quaternion does not take in a rotation order.
Parameters: name : string
The name of the new coordinate system
q0, q1, q2, q3 : Expr
The quaternions to rotate the coordinate system by
location : Vector(optional)
The location of the new coordinate system’s origin wrt this system’s origin. If not specified, the origins are taken to be coincident.
vector_names, variable_names : iterable(optional)
Iterables of 3 strings each, with custom names for base vectors and base scalars of the new system respectively. Used for simple str printing.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> from sympy import symbols >>> q0, q1, q2, q3 = symbols('q0 q1 q2 q3') >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N') >>> B = N.orient_new_quaternion('B', q0, q1, q2, q3)
-
orient_new_space
(name, angle1, angle2, angle3, rotation_order, location=None, vector_names=None, variable_names=None)[source]¶ Space rotation is similar to Body rotation, but the rotations are applied in the opposite order.
Parameters: name : string
The name of the new coordinate system
angle1, angle2, angle3 : Expr
Three successive angles to rotate the coordinate system by
rotation_order : string
String defining the order of axes for rotation
location : Vector(optional)
The location of the new coordinate system’s origin wrt this system’s origin. If not specified, the origins are taken to be coincident.
vector_names, variable_names : iterable(optional)
Iterables of 3 strings each, with custom names for base vectors and base scalars of the new system respectively. Used for simple str printing.
See also
CoordSysCartesian.orient_new_body
- method to orient via Euler angles
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> from sympy import symbols >>> q1, q2, q3 = symbols('q1 q2 q3') >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N')
To orient a coordinate system D with respect to N, each sequential rotation is always about N’s orthogonal unit vectors. For example, a ‘123’ rotation will specify rotations about N.i, then N.j, then N.k. Therefore,
>>> D = N.orient_new_space('D', q1, q2, q3, '312')
is same as
>>> B = N.orient_new_axis('B', q1, N.i) >>> C = B.orient_new_axis('C', q2, N.j) >>> D = C.orient_new_axis('D', q3, N.k)
-
position_wrt
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Returns the position vector of the origin of this coordinate system with respect to another Point/CoordSysCartesian.
Parameters: other : Point/CoordSysCartesian
If other is a Point, the position of this system’s origin wrt it is returned. If its an instance of CoordSyRect, the position wrt its origin is returned.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N') >>> N1 = N.locate_new('N1', 10 * N.i) >>> N.position_wrt(N1) (-10)*N.i
-
rotation_matrix
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Returns the direction cosine matrix(DCM), also known as the ‘rotation matrix’ of this coordinate system with respect to another system.
If v_a is a vector defined in system ‘A’ (in matrix format) and v_b is the same vector defined in system ‘B’, then v_a = A.rotation_matrix(B) * v_b.
A SymPy Matrix is returned.
Parameters: other : CoordSysCartesian
The system which the DCM is generated to.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> from sympy import symbols >>> q1 = symbols('q1') >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N') >>> A = N.orient_new_axis('A', q1, N.i) >>> N.rotation_matrix(A) Matrix([ [1, 0, 0], [0, cos(q1), -sin(q1)], [0, sin(q1), cos(q1)]])
-
scalar_map
(other)[source]¶ Returns a dictionary which expresses the coordinate variables (base scalars) of this frame in terms of the variables of otherframe.
Parameters: otherframe : CoordSysCartesian
The other system to map the variables to.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> from sympy import Symbol >>> A = CoordSysCartesian('A') >>> q = Symbol('q') >>> B = A.orient_new_axis('B', q, A.k) >>> A.scalar_map(B) {A.x: -sin(q)*B.y + cos(q)*B.x, A.y: sin(q)*B.x + cos(q)*B.y, A.z: B.z}
-
Vector¶
-
class
sympy.vector.vector.
Vector
[source]¶ Super class for all Vector classes. Ideally, neither this class nor any of its subclasses should be instantiated by the user.
-
components
¶ Returns the components of this vector in the form of a Python dictionary mapping BaseVector instances to the corresponding measure numbers.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> C = CoordSysCartesian('C') >>> v = 3*C.i + 4*C.j + 5*C.k >>> v.components {C.i: 3, C.j: 4, C.k: 5}
-
cross
(other)[source]¶ Returns the cross product of this Vector with another Vector or Dyadic instance. The cross product is a Vector, if ‘other’ is a Vector. If ‘other’ is a Dyadic, this returns a Dyadic instance.
Parameters: other: Vector/Dyadic
The Vector or Dyadic we are crossing with.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> C = CoordSysCartesian('C') >>> C.i.cross(C.j) C.k >>> C.i ^ C.i 0 >>> v = 3*C.i + 4*C.j + 5*C.k >>> v ^ C.i 5*C.j + (-4)*C.k >>> d = C.i.outer(C.i) >>> C.j.cross(d) (-1)*(C.k|C.i)
-
dot
(other)[source]¶ Returns the dot product of this Vector, either with another Vector, or a Dyadic, or a Del operator. If ‘other’ is a Vector, returns the dot product scalar (Sympy expression). If ‘other’ is a Dyadic, the dot product is returned as a Vector. If ‘other’ is an instance of Del, returns the directional derivate operator as a Python function. If this function is applied to a scalar expression, it returns the directional derivative of the scalar field wrt this Vector.
Parameters: other: Vector/Dyadic/Del
The Vector or Dyadic we are dotting with, or a Del operator .
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> C = CoordSysCartesian('C') >>> C.i.dot(C.j) 0 >>> C.i & C.i 1 >>> v = 3*C.i + 4*C.j + 5*C.k >>> v.dot(C.k) 5 >>> (C.i & C.delop)(C.x*C.y*C.z) C.y*C.z >>> d = C.i.outer(C.i) >>> C.i.dot(d) C.i
-
outer
(other)[source]¶ Returns the outer product of this vector with another, in the form of a Dyadic instance.
Parameters: other : Vector
The Vector with respect to which the outer product is to be computed.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N') >>> N.i.outer(N.j) (N.i|N.j)
-
projection
(other, scalar=False)[source]¶ Returns the vector or scalar projection of the ‘other’ on ‘self’.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector.coordsysrect import CoordSysCartesian >>> from sympy.vector.vector import Vector, BaseVector >>> C = CoordSysCartesian('C') >>> i, j, k = C.base_vectors() >>> v1 = i + j + k >>> v2 = 3*i + 4*j >>> v1.projection(v2) 7/3*C.i + 7/3*C.j + 7/3*C.k >>> v1.projection(v2, scalar=True) 7/3
-
separate
()[source]¶ The constituents of this vector in different coordinate systems, as per its definition.
Returns a dict mapping each CoordSysCartesian to the corresponding constituent Vector.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> R1 = CoordSysCartesian('R1') >>> R2 = CoordSysCartesian('R2') >>> v = R1.i + R2.i >>> v.separate() == {R1: R1.i, R2: R2.i} True
-
to_matrix
(system)[source]¶ Returns the matrix form of this vector with respect to the specified coordinate system.
Parameters: system : CoordSysCartesian
The system wrt which the matrix form is to be computed
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> C = CoordSysCartesian('C') >>> from sympy.abc import a, b, c >>> v = a*C.i + b*C.j + c*C.k >>> v.to_matrix(C) Matrix([ [a], [b], [c]])
-
Dyadic¶
-
class
sympy.vector.dyadic.
Dyadic
[source]¶ Super class for all Dyadic-classes.
References
[R537] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyadic_tensor [R538] Kane, T., Levinson, D. Dynamics Theory and Applications. 1985 McGraw-Hill -
components
¶ Returns the components of this dyadic in the form of a Python dictionary mapping BaseDyadic instances to the corresponding measure numbers.
-
cross
(other)[source]¶ Returns the cross product between this Dyadic, and a Vector, as a Vector instance.
Parameters: other : Vector
The Vector that we are crossing this Dyadic with
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N') >>> d = N.i.outer(N.i) >>> d.cross(N.j) (N.i|N.k)
-
dot
(other)[source]¶ Returns the dot product(also called inner product) of this Dyadic, with another Dyadic or Vector. If ‘other’ is a Dyadic, this returns a Dyadic. Else, it returns a Vector (unless an error is encountered).
Parameters: other : Dyadic/Vector
The other Dyadic or Vector to take the inner product with
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N') >>> D1 = N.i.outer(N.j) >>> D2 = N.j.outer(N.j) >>> D1.dot(D2) (N.i|N.j) >>> D1.dot(N.j) N.i
-
to_matrix
(system, second_system=None)[source]¶ Returns the matrix form of the dyadic with respect to one or two coordinate systems.
Parameters: system : CoordSysCartesian
The coordinate system that the rows and columns of the matrix correspond to. If a second system is provided, this only corresponds to the rows of the matrix.
second_system : CoordSysCartesian, optional, default=None
The coordinate system that the columns of the matrix correspond to.
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N') >>> v = N.i + 2*N.j >>> d = v.outer(N.i) >>> d.to_matrix(N) Matrix([ [1, 0, 0], [2, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]) >>> from sympy import Symbol >>> q = Symbol('q') >>> P = N.orient_new_axis('P', q, N.k) >>> d.to_matrix(N, P) Matrix([ [ cos(q), -sin(q), 0], [2*cos(q), -2*sin(q), 0], [ 0, 0, 0]])
-
Del¶
-
class
sympy.vector.deloperator.
Del
[source]¶ Represents the vector differential operator, usually represented in mathematical expressions as the ‘nabla’ symbol.
-
cross
(vect, doit=False)[source]¶ Represents the cross product between this operator and a given vector - equal to the curl of the vector field.
Parameters: vect : Vector
The vector whose curl is to be calculated.
doit : bool
If True, the result is returned after calling .doit() on each component. Else, the returned expression contains Derivative instances
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> C = CoordSysCartesian('C') >>> v = C.x*C.y*C.z * (C.i + C.j + C.k) >>> C.delop.cross(v, doit = True) (-C.x*C.y + C.x*C.z)*C.i + (C.x*C.y - C.y*C.z)*C.j + (-C.x*C.z + C.y*C.z)*C.k >>> (C.delop ^ C.i).doit() 0
-
dot
(vect, doit=False)[source]¶ Represents the dot product between this operator and a given vector - equal to the divergence of the vector field.
Parameters: vect : Vector
The vector whose divergence is to be calculated.
doit : bool
If True, the result is returned after calling .doit() on each component. Else, the returned expression contains Derivative instances
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> C = CoordSysCartesian('C') >>> C.delop.dot(C.x*C.i) Derivative(C.x, C.x) >>> v = C.x*C.y*C.z * (C.i + C.j + C.k) >>> (C.delop & v).doit() C.x*C.y + C.x*C.z + C.y*C.z
-
gradient
(scalar_field, doit=False)[source]¶ Returns the gradient of the given scalar field, as a Vector instance.
Parameters: scalar_field : SymPy expression
The scalar field to calculate the gradient of.
doit : bool
If True, the result is returned after calling .doit() on each component. Else, the returned expression contains Derivative instances
Examples
>>> from sympy.vector import CoordSysCartesian >>> C = CoordSysCartesian('C') >>> C.delop.gradient(9) (Derivative(9, C.x))*C.i + (Derivative(9, C.y))*C.j + (Derivative(9, C.z))*C.k >>> C.delop(C.x*C.y*C.z).doit() C.y*C.z*C.i + C.x*C.z*C.j + C.x*C.y*C.k
-


Clarice Costello
Software Developer
Specializing in JavaScript, HTML and CSS
Coming Soon: ASP.net
About Me
My name is Clarice, and I am Bellevue Washington based software developer specializing in web applications and design. My software dev journey began at CodeFellows, after several years as working in child care and food service. My favorite part of software developement is finding and fixing bugs, along with finally getting a box to sit right using CSS.
Contact
Please feel free to reach out to me with any questions, comments, or feedback.


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Author
class
Represents the author of a Comment.
Constructors
new Author([String name, String email]) #
Creates a new Author with the specified
name and
email address.
Creates a new Author from the specified
map in JSON format.
Properties
The author's mail address.
The URL of the author's website.
The author's user agent, that is the string identifying the Web browser used to submit comments.
Methods
Converts this object to a Map in JSON format.
Returns a string representation of this object.


rCBA: CBA Classifier for R
Provides implementations of a classifier based on the
"Classification Based on Associations" (CBA). It can be used for building
classification models from association rules. Rules are pruned in the order of
precedence given by the sort criteria and a default rule is added. The final
classifier labels provided instances. CBA was originally proposed by Liu,
B. Hsu, W. and Ma, Y. Integrating Classification and Association Rule
Mining. Proceedings KDD-98, New York, 27-31 August. AAAI. pp80-86 (1998, ISBN:1-57735-070-7).
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rCBA
to link to this page.


Nomenclature¶
Depending on your Object-oriented Programming background (or lack of it), you may find Logtalk nomenclature either familiar or at odds with the terms used in other languages. In addition, being a superset of Prolog, terms such as predicate and method are often used interchangeably. Logtalk inherits most of its nomenclature from Smalltalk, arguably (and somehow sadly) not the most popular OOP language nowadays. In this section, we map nomenclatures from popular OOP languages such as Smalltalk, C++, and Java to the Logtalk nomenclature. The Logtalk distribution includes several examples of how to implement common concepts found in other languages, complementing the information in this section.
Smalltalk nomenclature¶
The Logtalk name originates from a combination of the Prolog and Smalltalk names. Smalltalk had a significant influence in the design of Logtalk and thus inherits some of its ideas and nomenclature. The following list relates the most commonly used Smalltalk terms with their Logtalk counterparts.
- abstract class
Similar to Smalltalk, an abstract class is just a class not meant to be instantiated by not understanding a message to create instances.
- assignment statement
Logtalk, as a superset of Prolog, uses logic variables and unification and thus provides no equivalent to the Smalltalk assignment statement.
- block
Logtalk supports lambda expressions and meta-predicates, which can be used to provide similar functionality to Smalltalk blocks.
- class
In Logtalk, class is a just a role that an object can play. This is similar to Smalltalk where classes are also objects.
- class method
Class methods in Logtalk are simply instance methods declared and defined in the class metaclass.
- class variable
Logtalk objects, which can play the roles of class and instance, encapsulate predicates, not state. Class variables, which in Smalltalk are really shared instance variables, can be emulated in a class by defining a predicate locally instead of defining it in the class instances.
- inheritance
While Smalltalk only supports single inheritance, Logtalk supports single inheritance, multiple inheritance, and multiple instantiation.
- instance
While in Smalltalk every object is an instance of same class, objects in Logtalk can play different roles, including the role of a prototype where the concepts of instance and class don’t apply. Moreover, instances can be either created dynamically or defined statically.
- instance method
Instance methods in Logtalk are simply predicates declared and defined in a class and thus inherited by the class instances.
- instance variable
Logtalk being a declarative language, objects encapsulate a set of predicates instead of encapsulating state. But different objects may provide different definitions of the same predicates. Mutable internal state as in Smalltalk can be emulated by using dynamic predicates.
- message
Similar to Smalltalk, a message is a request for an operation, which is interpreted in Logtalk as a logic query, asking for the construction of a proof that something is true.
- message selector
Logtalk uses the predicate template (i.e. the predicate callable term with all its arguments unbound) as message selector. The actual type of the message arguments is not considered. Like Smalltalk, Logtalk uses single dispatch on the message receiver.
- metaclass
Metaclasses are optional in Logtalk (except for a root class) and can be shared by several classes. When metaclasses are used, infinite regression is simply avoided by making a class an instance of itself.
- method
Same as in Smalltalk, a method is the actual code (i.e. predicate definition) that is run to answer a message. Logtalk uses the words method and predicate interchangeably.
- method categories
There is no support in Logtalk for partitioning the methods of an object in different categories. The Logtalk concept of category (a first-class entity) was, however, partially inspired by Smalltalk method categories.
- object
Unlike Smalltalk, where everything is an object, Logtalk language constructs includes both terms (as in Prolog representing e.g. numbers and structures) and three first-class entities: objects, protocols, and categories.
- pool variables*
Logtalk, as a superset of Prolog, uses predicates with no distinction between variables and methods. Categories can be used to share a set of predicate definitions between any number of objects.
- protocol
In Smalltalk, an object protocol is the set of messages it understands. The same concept applies in Logtalk. But Logtalk also supports protocols as first-class entities where a protocol can be implemented by multiple objects and an object can implement multiple protocols.
- self
Logtalk uses the same definition of self found in Smalltalk: the object that received the message being processed. Note, however, that self is not a keyword in Logtalk but implicit in the ::/1 message to self control construct.
- subclass
Same definition in Logtalk.
- super
As in Smalltalk, the idea of super is to allow calling an inherited predicate (that is usually being redefined). Note, however, that super is not a keyword in Logtalk, which provides instead a ^^/1 super call control construct.
- superclass
Same definition in Logtalk. But while in Smalltalk a class can only have a single superclass, Logtalk support for multiple inheritance allows a class to have multiple superclasses.
C++ nomenclature¶
There are several C++ glossaries available on the Internet. The list that follows relates the most commonly used C++ terms with their Logtalk equivalents.
- abstract class
Logtalk uses an operational definition of abstract class: any class that does not inherit a method for creating new instances can be considered an abstract class. Moreover, Logtalk supports interfaces/protocols, which are often a better way to provide the functionality of C++ abstract classes.
- base class
Logtalk uses the term superclass with the same meaning.
- data member
Logtalk uses predicates for representing both behavior and data.
- constructor function
There are no special methods for creating new objects in Logtalk. Instead, Logtalk provides a built-in predicate, create_object/4, which can be used as a building block to define more sophisticated object creation predicates.
- derived class
Logtalk uses the term subclass with the same meaning.
- destructor function
There are no special methods for deleting new objects in Logtalk. Instead, Logtalk provides a built-in predicate, abolish_object/1, which is often used to define more sophisticated object deletion predicates.
- friend function
Not supported in Logtalk. Nevertheless, see the User Manual section on meta-predicates.
- instance
In Logtalk, an instance can be either created dynamically at runtime or defined statically in a source file in the same way as classes.
- member
Logtalk uses the term predicate.
- member function
Logtalk uses predicates for representing both behavior and data.
- namespace
Logtalk does not support multiple identifier namespaces. All Logtalk entity identifiers share the same namespace (Logtalk entities are objects, categories, and protocols).
- nested class
Logtalk does not support nested classes.
- template
Logtalk supports parametric objects, which allows you to get the similar functionality of templates at runtime.
- this
Logtalk uses the built-in context method self/1 for retrieving the current instance. Logtalk also provides a this/1 method but for returning the class containing the method being executed. Why the name clashes? Well, the notion of self was inherited from Smalltalk, which predates C++.
- virtual member function
There is no
virtual
keyword in Logtalk. Any inherited or imported predicate can be redefined (either overridden or specialized). Logtalk can use static binding or dynamic binding for locating both method declarations and method definitions. Moreover, methods that are declared but not defined simply fail when called (as per closed-world assumption).
Java nomenclature¶
There are several Java glossaries available on the Internet. The list that follows relates the most commonly used Java terms with their Logtalk equivalents.
- abstract class
Logtalk uses an operational definition of abstract class: any class that does not inherit a method for creating new instances is an abstract class. I.e. there is no
abstract
keyword in Logtalk.- abstract method
In Logtalk, you may simply declare a method (predicate) in a class without defining it, leaving its definition to some descendant subclass.
- assertion
There is no
assertion
keyword in Logtalk. Assertions are supported using Logtalk compilation hooks and developer tools.- extends
There is no
extends
keyword in Logtalk. Class inheritance is indicated using specialization relations. Moreover, the extends relation is used in Logtalk to indicate protocol, category, or prototype extension.- interface
Logtalk uses the term protocol with similar meaning. But note that Logtalk objects and categories declared as implementing a protocol are not required to provide definitions for the declared predicates (closed-world assumption).
- callback method
Logtalk supports event-driven programming, the most common usage context of callback methods.
- class method
Class methods may be implemented in Logtalk by using a metaclass for the class and defining the class methods in the metaclass. I.e. class methods are simply instance methods of the class metaclass.
- class variable
True class variables may be implemented in Logtalk by using a metaclass for the class and defining the class variables in the class. I.e. class variables are simply instance variables of the class metaclass. Shared instance variables may be implemented by using the built-in database methods (which can be used to implement variable assignment) to access and updated a single occurrence of the variable stored in the class (there is no
static
keyword in Logtalk).- constructor
There are no special methods for creating new objects in Logtalk. Instead, Logtalk provides a built-in predicate, create_object/4, which is often used to define more sophisticated object creation predicates.
- final
There is no
final
keyword in Logtalk. Predicates can always be redeclared and redefined in subclasses (and instances!).- inner class
Inner classes are not supported in Logtalk.
- instance
In Logtalk, an instance can be either created dynamically at runtime or defined statically in a source file in the same way as classes.
- method
Logtalk uses the term predicate interchangeably with the term method.
- method call
Logtalk usually uses the expression message sending for method calls, true to its Smalltalk heritage.
- method signature
Logtalk selects the method/predicate to execute in order to answer a method call based only on the method name and number of arguments. Logtalk (and Prolog) are not typed languages in the same sense as Java.
- package
There is no concept of packages in Logtalk. All Logtalk entities (objects, protocols, categories) share a single namespace. But Logtalk does support a concept of library that allows grouping of entities whose source files share a common prefix.
- reflection
Logtalk features a white box API supporting structural reflection about entity contents, a black box API supporting behavioral reflection about object protocols, and an events API for reasoning about messages exchanged at runtime.
- static
There is no
static
keyword in Logtalk. See the entries on class methods and class variables.- super
Instead of a
super
keyword, Logtalk provides a super operator and control construct, ^^/1, for calling overridden methods.- synchronized
Logtalk supports multi-threading programming in selected Prolog compilers, including a synchronized/1 predicate directive. Logtalk allows you to synchronize a predicate or a set of predicates using per-predicate or per-predicate-set mutexes.
- this
Logtalk uses the built-in context method self/1 for retrieving the current instance. Logtalk also provides a this/1 method but for returning the class containing the predicate clause being executed. Why the name clashes? Well, the notion of self was inherited from Smalltalk, which predates Java.


Spanish is the official language of Spain. It is a Romance language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula of Europe; today, it is a global language with nearly 500 million native speakers, mainly in Spain and the Americas. It is the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese.
Here are some common Spanish phrases:
Below, there are a few basic spanish words/phrases. Try listening to the audio!
Hola
Pronounced: oh-lah
This means 'Hello', it is used the same as you would in English.
Sí
Pronounced: see
This means 'yes'.
No
Pronounced: noh
This means 'no'.
Buenos días
Pronounced: bweh-nohs dee-ahs
This means 'good day' and it is a common greeting in the Spanish language.
Gracias
Pronounced: grah-syahs
This means 'Thank you'.
¿Cuánto cuesta?
Pronounced: kwahn-toh kwehs-tah
This means 'How much?'. You could use this when buying something in a shop.
De Nada
Pronounced: deh nah-dah
This means 'You're welcome'.
No entiendo
Pronounced: noh ehn-tyehn-doh
This means 'I don't understand'.
Me llamo
Pronounced: meh yah-moh
This means 'My name is...'.
¿Dónde está el baño?
Pronounced: dohn-deh ehs-tah el bah-nyoh
This basically means 'Where is the bathroom?'.


Daily Insider Ratings Round Up 11/20/19
by InsiderInsightsSummary
- Tables of the top insider purchases and sales filed with the SEC on 11/20/19, based on dollar value.
- Dollar values often do not equate with significance when it comes to insider trades.
- Proprietary Insider Company Ratings are relayed to clarify significance.
InsiderInsights' Daily Round Up articles rate the "Significance" of the Top 10 dollar value insider purchases and sales filed at the SEC on the Title date. Dollar value is only the most basic metric to assess the "Significance" of an insider transaction, however, and often not even the most important one.
When a new insider transaction occurs, our programs mathematically score the significance of the company's 3-month insider profile based on numerous criteria programmed into our expert system.
Stocks that achieve an InsiderInsights Company Rating of "Significant" and "Leaning" Bullish or Bearish have been independently validated to generate alpha as a group and should be considered by investors looking for new long and short investments.
Seasonal Note: Form 4 filing volumes are on the rise and will stay strong until the third week of December. We're in high season for using insider data in the investing process.
----------------------
On Today's Tables:
Insider trades were rated Significant at:
Insider trades were rated Nearly Significant at:
- Telenav (TNAV).
Insider trades were considered Insignificant at:
- Biglari (BH.A);
- Paylocity Holding (PCTY);
- Okta (OKTA);
- Kellogg (K);
- Invitation Homes (INVH), and;
- Verra Mobility (NASDAQ:VRRM).
There is a Conflicted Insider Signal (both purchases & sales) at:
- Uber Technologies (UBER);
- Eli Lilly (LLY);
- EverQuote (EVER);
- Assured Guaranty (AGO), and;
- American Financial (AFG).
Insider Purchases
| #: | Filer Name | Insider Titles | Company Name | Ticker | TransType | Dollar Value |
| 1 | Warren Kelcy L | CEO, DIR | Energy Transfer | ET | B | $45,130,076 |
| 2 | Rhodes Jason P | DIR | Replimune | REPL | JB* | $14,971,000 |
| 3 | Khosrowshahi Dara | CEO, DIR | Uber Technologies | UBER | B | $6,687,500 |
| 4 | Omega Fund Iv | BO | Replimune | REPL | JB* | $2,994,200 |
| 5 | Biglari Sardar | CB, CEO, BO | Biglari | BH.A | B | $1,862,049 |
| 6 | Feldstein Andrew T | FO | Assured Guaranty | AGO | B | $1,244,005 |
| 7 | Armstrong Greg L | DIR | Plains GP | PAGP | B | $1,028,634 |
| 8 | Chiang Willie Cw | CEO, DIR | Plains GP | PAGP | B | $1,028,160 |
| 9 | Jin H P | CEO, DIR | Telenav | TNAV | B | $734,000 |
| 10 | Allied Physicians Of California A Profession Medic | BO | Apollo Medical | AMEH | B | $503,431 |
Insider Sales
| #: | Filer Name | Insider Titles | Company Name | Ticker | TransType | Dollar Value |
| 1 | Platinum Equity | DIR, BO | Verra Mobility | VRRM | JS* | $486,449,984 |
| 2 | Lilly Endowment | BO | Eli Lilly | LLY | S | $23,586,776 |
| 3 | Lindner Carl H Iii | CEO, PR, DIR | American Financial | AFG | S | $21,618,826 |
| 4 | Sternlicht Barry S | DIR | Invitation Homes | INVH | S | $19,989,718 |
| 5 | Blundin David B | DIR, BO | EverQuote | EVER | S | $17,031,386 |
| 6 | Diehl Jeffrey T | DIR | Paylocity Holding | PCTY | S | $16,992,090 |
| 7 | Link Ventures Investment Vehicle II | BO | EverQuote | EVER | S | $11,103,650 |
| 8 | Kerrest Jacques Frederic | DIR | Okta | OKTA | AS | $10,597,079 |
| 9 | Camp Garrett | DIR | Uber Technologies | UBER | S | $6,687,500 |
| 10 | Kellogg WK Fdn | BO | Kellogg | K | AS | $6,518,550 |
Source: InsiderInsights.com | Key to Insider Title and Trans Type Codes:
B = Open-market Buy; AB = 10b5-1 (automatic) Buy; JB* = Buy indicated as being open-market but not confirmed by trading price range and volume for the session. S = Open-market Sale; AS = 10b5-1 (automatic) Sale; JS* = Sale indicated as being open-market but not confirmed by trading price range and volume for the session.
Did you miss our Previous Daily Round Up?
If you're serious about using insider data in your investment process, you can't find a better source of investment ideas (or a better value!) than our Daily Ratings Reports. Subscribe or Trial Now!
Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.


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Add all the activities that you want to include on your training.
{{a.name}} | {{a.description}} | {{a.duration}}


[...] if social science profession has notably neglected it [geography], this is not because we have been uninterested in the subject, but because they have regarded it as intractable.
Source: Fujita, M; Krugman, P and Venables, A., 1999.
Qué es nuevo?
(Donaldson and Storeygard, 2016).
Acceso a información que es dificil de conseguir de otras maneras
Alta Desagregación Espacial
Coberturas para muchos lugares
Other examples: Henderson et al (2012), Pinkovskiy & Sala-i-Martin (2016), Hodler & Raschky (2014), Michalopoulos & Papaioannou (2013, 2014), Alesina et al (2016), among others.
recovery old (persistent) characteristics
Digitized by Nunn (2008). He found a negative relationship between the number of slaves exported from a country and current economic performance.
Then use by Nunn & Wantchekon (2011), Michalopoulos & Papaioannou (2013, 2014, 2015), Alsan (2015), Alesina et al. (2016), etc.
Localización y geografía como un componente importante
(Duranton, D. and Overman, H 2005) → location patterns of industries in UK
Others examples of geo-coded data sets: .LSMS-ISA (World Bank) -> geo-coded household level 6 African countries
gathering more information from neighborhood
Gibbons, S. and Machin, S (2005) ↑ transport → ↑ house prices
Other nice examples are: (i) Conley & Udry (2010) social learning in the diffusion Ghana ; (ii) Acemoglu, D; Garcia-Jimeno, C. and Robinson (2014) direct and spillover effects of local state capacity in Colombia
building instruments
Nunn (2008) Current African Countries & Slave Trades
Instrument Slave Export → distances from each African country to the locations where slaves were demanded
Spatial Regression Discontinuity
Dell (2010) Current African Countries & Slave Trades
Colonial Institutions (Mita) → current outcomes
Improve your data collection
Most collection data software allows to gather GPS location (e.g. ODK Survey, Survey CTO, CAPI)


{{ partial "header.html" . }} {{ .Title }} Weight Nutrition Calories Fat Carbohydrates Protein Exercise Push-ups Crunches Steps {{ partial "footer.html" . }}


I've found the need to recreate form controls such as the one detailed here on a few occasions.
I prefer commonly making smaller more focused directives and combining these to provide a common and repeatable set of validation tools
{{ mc.basicForm | json}}
Submit Reset Disable All


Don't work alone! Find other people on campus who are pulling all nighters, just like you, to study with!


Born: August 6, 1911
Died: April 26, 1989
Occupation: Actress, Comedian, Model Film Studio Executive, TV Producer
Want to know more about Lucille? Click Here!


Discover ideas, solutions and innovations to the problems around you. Give feedback and share ideas with your
peers, the more active you are the more points you earn.
SHARE
Submit a creative idea, sharing your thoughts with those around you.
IMPROVE
You can submit an improvement on any submission, providing invaluable feedback for other submissions
or receiving new ideas to improve your own.
FIND
Find ideas and proposals that interest you and your peers via a voting system


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Movie Review: ‘Hellboy’ (2019)
I feel like I am likely the target audience for this film. Even though I am a (self-described) pop-culture aficionado, and I love to take in as many films, TV series, books, comics, and games as I can, there’s just not enough time to experience everything that’s out there – it’s just not possible. Somehow over the last 15 years, I’ve managed to accidentally avoid seeing either of the two Guillermo del Toro-led ‘Hellboy’ films: the original cinematic work first released in 2004 and the sequel, ‘Hellboy: The Golden Army’ that came out in 2008. Further, while I’m aware that the movies are based on the Dark Horse comic book series of the same name that first started to see print in the mid-1990s, I have never read a single issue of the Mike Mignola-helmed works.
Does it seem strange that a reboot of the cinematic series has come now, a mere eleven years after the last installment? It’s a little Spider-Man-3-into-The-Amazing-Spider-Man-esque, this is true; however, we are in the current prime time of what I call the “snarky superhero,” with darkly-comedic or self-referential comic-book adaptations such as ‘Deadpool,’ ‘Aquaman,’ and ‘The LEGO Batman Movie,’ among others, reigning supreme. So it seems like the time is right and the audience should be primed for a ‘Hellboy’ film right now then, yeah?
Well, we probably would be – if the first two quirky films weren’t so “ahead of their time” in terms of their release relative to the cinematic superhero boom. As it stands, trotting Hellboy back out to the silver screen now – especially as a reboot of a two-film series that probably didn’t need a reboot – feels like an unnecessary move. A fairly entertaining move, to be sure, but rather unnecessary. Let’s leave the latter part of that sentence behind for a bit and dive into the former part, shall we?
David Harbour (he of ‘Stranger Things’ fame, among other films & TV stuff from which you might recognize him) takes over the titular role of the large red demon with a soft spot for humans – Ron Perlman had played the role in the previous films, but my guess is that at 68 years old, he wasn’t looking to get back in the action-hero and head-to-toe-prosthetic saddle any time soon. This story, from all accounts, fairly faithfully adapts several key plot points from the Mignola comic series, whereas the del Toro two-pack of movies took many liberties and essentially let the iconic genre director craft his own tale using the existing Hellboy universe of characters, locations, etc.
Just about everyone knows about actor Mark Sinclair Vincent. Well, to be more…
I feel like I am likely the target audience for this film. Even though I am a…
Happening this weekend, in a convention center far far away in Chicago, IL…


--- date: "2008-03-05T00:00:00Z" meta: {} published: true status: publish categories: - Programming tags: - .NET title: ConnectionStrings.Com type: post ---
Just figured I point out ConnectionStrings.com. I find this site rather handy because it shows you the syntax for the connection strings of pretty much every database you'd want to use in .NET.


| DOSE: |
50 mg |
insufflated |
MDMA |
(powder / crystals) |
| |
50 mg |
insufflated |
Modafinil |
(ground / crushed) |
I crushed up 1/4 of a Modalert 200mg tablet and mixed it with 50mg of MDMA (very high quality crystal/powder form). The motivation was not to boost the E-High with another stimulant but to reduce the pain associated with MDMA insufflation.
However, I expected an interaction since they are both serotonergic and dopaminergic and Modafinil is a mild dopamine reuptake inhibitor whist the main action of MDMA is to release massive amounts of serotonin and supress its reuptake.
I cut and mixed until it was a fine powder, split it in two and took one line up each nostril.
The first signs of coming up started immediately (as normal with insufflated Modafinil) and the first rush occured within approximately 10 minutes followed by successively more intense rushes over the next hour. At this point it plateaued and began to recede after another 90-180 minutes.
The comedown was slower than usual and there was no sign of a crash. The following day I felt pretty much normal if a little tired.
I repeated the dosage orally on another occasion (crushed and placed in a gel-cap) and found the onset to be quite delayed, roughly 2 hours, the intensity of the rushes lower and less frequent and the duration of the experience (from onset) equivalent.
To sumarise, mixing Modafinil with MDMA is effective for insufflation and reduces the pain associated. Modafinil also seems to modulate the experience positively and reduce the after effects.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Mo Farah targeting track return at Tokyo 2020 Olympics
The star has come under intense scrutiny for his cooperation with US coach Alberto Salazar.
by AFPMO FARAH announced on Friday he was targeting a return to the track to compete in the 10,000 metres at next year’s Olympic Games.
The Briton has won double gold at each of the last two Olympics, taking the 5,000m and 10,000m crowns in London and Rio, but switched to the marathon in 2017.
Farah, 36, won the Chicago Marathon in 2018 but has decided to return to the track, admitting the marathon had been “a learning curve”.
“The big news is I’m back on the track in the 10,000m in Tokyo next year,” he said on his YouTube channel.
“I hope I haven’t lost my speed but I’ll train hard for it and see what I can do.”
Farah slashed 37 seconds off the European record with a time of 2hr 5min 11sec when he won in Chicago but with Kenya’s Eliud Kipchoge ruling the marathon world, the Briton was never as dominant at the longer distance as he had been on the track.
“To win the Chicago Marathon was nice, to finish third in London was OK, it was good. It’s been a learning curve for me,” he continued.
(But) next year I’ve decided, Tokyo 2020, I’m gonna be back on the track. I’m really excited to be competing back on the track and give it a go in the 10,000m.”
Farah has come under intense scrutiny for his cooperation with US coach Alberto Salazar, who has been banned for four years by the US anti-doping authorities.
Farah broke off cooperation with Salazar in 2017.
UK Athletics on Thursday announced a review into its dealings with the coach and his Nike Oregon Project.
The federation’s performance director Neil Black, who once described Salazar as a genius, left his role in October.
Before running in this year’s Chicago Marathon, Farah responded angrily to media questions about his time with Salazar, saying “I was never given anything”.
Bernard Jackman and Murray Kinsella join Gavan Casey to discuss eye-gouging, Munster’s scrum-half situation, and the rest of the provincial news.


-
Forest Cycling Tour
We present you the opportunity to enjoy an educational trip through the forest reserve and its surroundings with vintage bycicles that are more than five decades old. Ride through serene enviromnments and enjoy natures awesomeness as you exercise you body too. We have landmark stops where we show you educational videos of tree species and funny animal behavorial videos to help you rejuvenate for the next hurdle.
-
River Boat-ride Tour
We take you on a smooth boat ride along the rivers in the misdst of the forest reserve. This four hour journey on boats through the forest is a purely relaxing trip with ladmark stops for picknicking and education on plant and animal species.
-
Food and Cultural Tourism
Spreewald Gherkin or Cocumber fields are well known in the state of Brandenburg and Germany at large. The richness of soil in Spreewald together with local recipies presents distinguished tasty foods that cannot be found elsewhere. We also take you through history and culture that dates back to the last world war and very unique experiences.
Spreewald welcomes You
Swap the noise of the city for the rich sounds of nature. Come to the holiday in the Spreewald. In just a few hours, the best conditions for a journey to yourself. Discover your inner balance in the midst of nature. A Spreewald vacation has many faces. Whether active by bike or directly with the paddle boat on the classic waterways of the region. Time will come to life in the Spreewald. Do you keep moving on holiday? The region offers relaxation in wellness and SPA in comfortable hotels, not only in the spontaneous break and short break ...
Contact Us
SpreeWaldGürcken GmbH
Karl-liebkenchtStr 102
Cottbus -
Germany
03046
Tel:
+49 1111-555-1212
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>About Our services
Are you on holiday in the Spreewald for the first time? Or do need information about holiday activities in the Spreewald? The tips below will help you plan your trip to the Spreewald better. We assure you of an experience that is affordable, your monies worth, and above all, worth your recreational time.


|
| static | setCookie ($name, $value, $lifetime=0, $httpOnly=false, $secure=null) |
| |
| static | deleteCookie ($name, $httpOnly=false, $secure=null) |
| |
| static | deleteAllCookies (array $skip=array(), array $flags=array()) |
| |
| static | getCookie ($name, Zend_Controller_Request_Http $request=null) |
| |
| static | clearIdFromCookie ($id, $cookieName, Zend_Controller_Request_Http $request=null) |
| |
◆ _setCookieInternal()
| static _setCookieInternal |
( |
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$name, |
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$value, |
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$expiration = 0 , |
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$httpOnly = false , |
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$secure = null |
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) |
| |
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staticprotected |
Internal helper to set or delete a cookie with XenForo-specific options.
- Parameters
-
| string | $name | Name of the cookie |
| string | false | $value | Value of the cookie, false to delete |
| integer | $expiration | Time stamp the cookie expires |
| boolean | $httpOnly | Whether the cookie should be available via HTTP only |
| boolean | null | $secure | Whether the cookie should be available via HTTPS only; if null, value is true if currently on HTTPS |
- Returns
- boolean True if set
◆ clearIdFromCookie()
| static clearIdFromCookie |
( |
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$id, |
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$cookieName, |
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Zend_Controller_Request_Http |
$request = null |
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) |
| |
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static |
Clears the specified ID from the specified cookie. The cookie must be a comma-separated ID list.
- Parameters
-
| integer | string | $id | |
| string | $name | |
| Zend_Controller_Request_Http | $request | |
- Returns
- array Exploded cookie array
◆ deleteAllCookies()
| static deleteAllCookies |
( |
array |
$skip = array() , |
|
|
array |
$flags = array() |
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) |
| |
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static |
Deletes all cookies set by XenForo.
- Parameters
-
| array | $skip | List of cookies to skip |
| array | $flags | List of flags to apply to individual cookies. [cookie name] => {httpOnly: true/false, secure: true/false/null} |
◆ deleteCookie()
| static deleteCookie |
( |
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$name, |
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$httpOnly = false , |
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$secure = null |
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) |
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static |
Deletes the named cookie. The settings must match the settings when it was created.
- Parameters
-
| string | $name | Name of cookie |
| boolean | $httpOnly | Whether the cookie should be available via HTTP only |
| boolean | null | $secure | Whether the cookie should be available via HTTPS only; if null, value is true if currently on HTTPS |
- Returns
- boolean True if deleted
◆ getCookie()
| static getCookie |
( |
|
$name, |
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Zend_Controller_Request_Http |
$request = null |
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) |
| |
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static |
Gets the specified cookie. This automatically adds the necessary prefix.
- Parameters
-
| string | $name | Cookie name without prefix |
| Zend_Controller_Request_Http | $request | |
- Returns
- string|array|false False if cookie isn't found
◆ setCookie()
| static setCookie |
( |
|
$name, |
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$value, |
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$lifetime = 0 , |
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$httpOnly = false , |
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$secure = null |
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) |
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static |
Sets a cookie with XenForo-specific options.
- Parameters
-
| string | $name | Name of the cookie |
| string | $value | Value of the cookie |
| integer | $lifetime | The number of seconds the cookie should live from now. If 0, sets a session cookie. |
| boolean | $httpOnly | Whether the cookie should be available via HTTP only |
| boolean | null | $secure | Whether the cookie should be available via HTTPS only; if null, value is true if currently on HTTPS |
- Returns
- boolean True if set
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- C:/Users/Michel/Desktop/test/xf/library/XenForo/Helper/Cookie.php


Deputy charged with misconduct, marijuana possession
KENOSHA, Wis. - A Kenosha County sheriff's deputy is charged with misconduct in office and possessing marijuana.
A criminal complaint accuses 32-year-old Brian Houtsinger of filing a false report about the arrest of a man for bail jumping and of failing to file a report about marijuana he had confiscated during a vehicle stop. The complaint says Houtsinger later told authorities he threw the bag of marijuana in the trash at a nearby gas station.
The Kenosha News reports prosecutors say marijuana and drug paraphernalia were found in the deputy's squad car. The complaint says more than 13 grams of marijuana, packaging material and a digital scale were found in the trunk.
Court records do not list an attorney for Houtsinger.


Pour-over kitsch forage hella sustainable selfies. Cray try-hard lomo plaid. Butcher williamsburg crucifix kale chips.
{{recipe.recipeMethod}}


Module ringo/utils/arrays
Provides utility functions for working with JavaScript Arrays.
Check if an array passed as argument contains
a specific value (start from end of array).
Parameters
| Array |
array |
the array |
| Object |
val |
the value to check |
Returns
| boolean |
true if the value is contained |
Retrieve the intersection set of a bunch of arrays.
Parameters
| Array |
array1,... |
the arrays to intersect |
Returns
| Array |
the intersection set |
max
(array)
Returns
|
the maximal element in an array obtained by calling Math.max(). |
min
(array)
Returns
|
the minimal element in an array obtained by calling Math.min(). |
Return the last element of the array. This is like pop(), but
without modifying the array.
Returns
| Object |
the last element of the array, or undefined if the array is empty. |
remove
(array, val)
Remove the first occurrence of the argument value from the array. This method
mutates and returns the array on which it is called and does not create a
new array instance.
Parameters
| Array |
array |
the array |
| Object |
val |
the value to remove |
union
(array1,...)

Parameters
| Array |
array1,... |
the arrays to unify |


Space Debris Is a Problem for Satellites
Space satellites are increasingly required to maneuver to avoid possible collisions and damage with increasing amounts of space debris, according to DPA, citing astronaut and European Space Agency (ESA) coordinator Thomas Reiter.
The situation has worsened significantly in recent decades and is not expected to change in the future, Reiter notes.
"There is a lot of space junk. We prefer this term, not space debris," said an astronaut at an entrepreneur forum in Bremen.
About 8,000 satellites have been launched since the beginning of the space age, 1800 of which are still active. Many of them has already entered the earth's atmosphere again.
Over the next five to six years, more than 50,000 new satellites are expected to launch in space.
"This is many times more than in the entire space age. As space infrastructure is concerned, adequate measures are urgently needed to tackle the problem - something ESA is striving for," says Thomas Reiter.


WHAT’S IN IT FOR YOU?
FundRequest wants to give you even more power to participate in open source and the software development community. Our solution allows individual users to fund specific issues, or put a reward on features they want to see implemented.
- Reward contributors
Developers get paid for their contributions to open-source and other software projects.
- Support the community
By funding requests and rewarding individual developers, you also support the open-source and free software communities as a whole.
- A secure and safe payment
Since FundRequest is built on the Ethereum blockchain and uses open source Smart contracts, mutual trust and a secure transaction are guaranteed.
- Build the software you want to see
By proposing or funding new features, you have a hand in the development of the software.
WHY, WHAT, HOW
As a user of open source software, you want to see the community of developers thrive, and you want to help out any way you can.
FundRequest is a decentralised and open solution that makes it possible to fund only specific issues that are of value to you. You can issue a reward for any bug you want to see fixed or feature you want to see implemented. This reward goes straight to the developers resolving the issue – without any mediation of a middle man.
LEARN MORE
HOW TO FUND A REQUEST
- Create a request based on a feature you want to see or a bug you’ve encountered, or find a request that you want to support.
- Add your fund to the reward by clicking the “fund button”. The smart contract registers your account and adds your fund to the reward.
- The most suitable solution is determined.
- The developer gets paid: After the issue is solved, all funds are transferred to the contributor who offered the best solution.
Learn more
{% include youtubevid.html %}
{% include participate.html %}
{% include footer.html %}


Use ZQSD to move.
Keep the mouse button pressed on a highlighted object to select it
Use A/E to make it rotate along the fourth dimension
Here is your target image
Here you can see a top-down view of the level
Here is your 4D-rotation-mana, spend it wisely !
Use Shift to change the rotation plane
this is your current rotation plane
this rotation is allowed
this rotation is forbiden


| facet_wrap {ggplot2} | R Documentation |
facet_wrap()
wraps a 1d sequence of panels into 2d. This is generally
a better use of screen space than facet_grid()
because most
displays are roughly rectangular.
facet_wrap( facets, nrow = NULL, ncol = NULL, scales = "fixed", shrink = TRUE, labeller = "label_value", as.table = TRUE, switch = NULL, drop = TRUE, dir = "h", strip.position = "top" )
facets |
A set of variables or expressions quoted by For compatibility with the classic interface, can also be a
formula or character vector. Use either a one sided formula, |
nrow, ncol |
Number of rows and columns. |
scales |
Should scales be fixed ( |
shrink |
If |
labeller |
A function that takes one data frame of labels and
returns a list or data frame of character vectors. Each input
column corresponds to one factor. Thus there will be more than
one with |
as.table |
If |
switch |
By default, the labels are displayed on the top and
right of the plot. If |
drop |
If |
dir |
Direction: either |
strip.position |
By default, the labels are displayed on the top of
the plot. Using |
p <- ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point() # Use vars() to supply faceting variables: p + facet_wrap(vars(class)) # Control the number of rows and columns with nrow and ncol p + facet_wrap(vars(class), nrow = 4) # You can facet by multiple variables ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point() + facet_wrap(vars(cyl, drv)) # Use the `labeller` option to control how labels are printed: ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point() + facet_wrap(vars(cyl, drv), labeller = "label_both") # To change the order in which the panels appear, change the levels # of the underlying factor. mpg$class2 <- reorder(mpg$class, mpg$displ) ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point() + facet_wrap(vars(class2)) # By default, the same scales are used for all panels. You can allow # scales to vary across the panels with the `scales` argument. # Free scales make it easier to see patterns within each panel, but # harder to compare across panels. ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point() + facet_wrap(vars(class), scales = "free") # To repeat the same data in every panel, simply construct a data frame # that does not contain the faceting variable. ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point(data = transform(mpg, class = NULL), colour = "grey85") + geom_point() + facet_wrap(vars(class)) # Use `strip.position` to display the facet labels at the side of your # choice. Setting it to `bottom` makes it act as a subtitle for the axis. # This is typically used with free scales and a theme without boxes around # strip labels. ggplot(economics_long, aes(date, value)) + geom_line() + facet_wrap(vars(variable), scales = "free_y", nrow = 2, strip.position = "top") + theme(strip.background = element_blank(), strip.placement = "outside")


There are two standard ways to become the LDM user -- depending on whether you are already logged onto the computer.
If you are not logged onto the computer, then simply logon as the LDM user.
If you are already logged onto the computer, then you can use the su utility to become the LDM user:
su - ldm
The "-" option guarantees that the current working directory is the LDM user's home-directory and that the appropriate profile-file is read by the LDM user's shell in order to obtain the environment variable settings from the preinstallation steps.


File: doc/api/connectors.js
/** * Parent for all Connector types. When you provide a Connector definition to an appropriate jsPlumb method, * you can do so either as a `String`, or as an Array of the form `[String, Object]`. In the former case, the String * must be one of the members from this namespace, such as `"Bezier"` or `"StateMachine"`. In the latter case, * the first argument to the array is the Connector name, and the second is a JS object containing * constructor parameters for the Connector, for instance * * * `[ "Bezier", { curviness:75 } ]` * * * Each Connector type supports its own set of parameters, with some parameters (such as stub) being shared by most. * @class Connector */ /** * The Connector's associated DOM element. * @property canvas * @type {Element} */ /** * Gets the total length of the path inscribed by the connector, in pixels. * @method getLength * @return {Number} Total length of path in pixels. */ /** * Provides `Flowchart` connectors. * @class Connectors.Flowchart * @constructor * @param {Object} params Constructor parameters * @param {Integer|Integer[]} [params.stub=30] Minimum length for the stub at each end of the connector. This can be an integer, giving a value for both ends of the connections, * or an array of two integers, giving separate values for each end. * @param {Integer} [params.gap=0] Gap to leave between the end of the connector and the element on which the endpoint resides. if you make this larger than stub then you will see some odd looking behaviour. * Like stub, this can be an array or a single value. * @param {Float} [params.cornerRadius=0] Optional, defines the radius of corners between segments. Defaults to 0 (hard edged corners). * @param {Boolean} [params.alwaysRespectStubs=false] Whether or not the connectors should always draw the stub, or, if the two elements * are in close proximity to each other (closer than the sum of the two stubs), to adjust the stubs. * @param {Number} [params.midpoint=0.5] If provided, jsPlumb will use this location as the midpoint of the connector. */ /** * Gets the path inscribed by the connector, as a series of [x,y] points. * @method getPath * @return {Array} An array of [x,y] locations. */ /** * Provides "state machine" connectors. These are a quadratic bezier curve. * @class Connectors.StateMachine * @constructor * @param {Object} params Constructor parameters. * @param {Number} [params.curviness=10] Measure of how "curvy" the connectors will be. this is translated as the distance that the * Bezier curve's control point is from the midpoint of the straight line connecting the two * endpoints, and does not mean that the connector is this wide. The Bezier curve never reaches * its control points; they act as gravitational masses. * @param {Integer} [params.margin=5] Distance from element to start and end connectors, in pixels. * @param {Integer} [params.proximityLimit=80] Sets the distance beneath which the elements are consider too close together to bother * with fancy curves. * @param {Integer} [params.loopbackRadius=25] The radius of a loopback connector. * @param {Boolean} [params.showLoopback=true] If set to false this tells the connector that it is ok to paint connections whose source and target is the same element with a connector running through the element. The default value for this is true; the connector always makes a loopback connection loop around the element rather than passing through it. * @param {String} [params.orientation="clockwise"] Valid values are `"clockwise"` and `"anticlockwise"`. Indicates in which direction a loopback connection should be considered to be travelling. */ /** * The Straight connector draws a simple straight line between the two anchor points. * @class Connectors.Straight * @constructor * @param {Object} params Constructor parameters. * @param {Integer} [params.stub=0] Optional distance to travel from each endpoint before making the connection between the two. * @param {Integer} [params.sourceStub] Optional stub for the source endpoint only. * @param {Integer} [params.targetStub] Optional stub for the target endpoint only. * @param {Integer} [params.gap=0] Optional gap to leave between the endpoints and the start of the connector. * @param {Integer} [params.sourceGap] Optional gap for the source endpoint only. * @param {Integer} [params.targetGap] Optional gap for the target endpoint only. */ /** * This Connector draws a Bezier curve with two control points. You can provide a 'curviness' value which gets applied to jsPlumb's * internal voodoo machine and ends up generating locations for the two control points. * @class Connectors.Bezier * @constructor * @param {Object} params Constructor parameters. * @param {Integer} [params.curviness=150] How 'curvy' you want the curve to be! This is a directive for the placement of control points, not endpoints of the curve, so your curve does not * actually touch the given point, but it has the tendency to lean towards it. The larger this value, the greater the curve is pulled from a straight line. * @param {Integer} [params.stub=0] Optional value for a distance to travel from the connector's endpoint before beginning the Bezier curve. */


| For immediate release |
|
The Federal Open Market Committee at its meeting today decided to lower its target for the federal funds rate by 50 basis points to 5 percent. In a related action, the Board of Governors approved a 50 basis point reduction in the discount rate to 4-1/2 percent. Persistent pressures on profit margins are restraining investment spending and, through declines in equity wealth, consumption. The associated backup in inventories has induced a rapid response in manufacturing output and, with spending having firmed a bit since last year, inventory adjustment appears to be well underway. Although current developments do not appear to have materially diminished the prospects for long-term growth in productivity, excess productive capacity has emerged recently. The possibility that this excess could continue for some time and the potential for weakness in global economic conditions suggest substantial risks that demand and production could remain soft. In these circumstances, when the economic situation could be evolving rapidly, the Federal Reserve will need to monitor developments closely. The Committee continues to believe that against the background of its long-run goals of price stability and sustainable economic growth and of the information currently available, the risks are weighted mainly toward conditions that may generate economic weakness in the foreseeable future. In taking the discount rate action, the Federal Reserve Board approved requests submitted by the Boards of Directors of all twelve Reserve Banks. |


Welcome to DollarX’s documentation!¶
DollarX
is a library dedicated for testing web applications, meant to simplify interactions with the browser- and assertions, making it significantly more maintainable, while optimizing performance and minimizing race-conditions. It relies on Selenium WebDriver.
Features¶
- Thoughtful, expressive API to define W3C elements and interact with the browser
- Eliminates race conditions and optimizes performance
- Easy to use and troubleshoot
- Works on top of Selenium and integrates easily with its API
- Easily extensible using utility functions
- Includes a collection of custom Hamcrest matchers, that are optimized and provide useful error messages
- Two flavours: Standard API supports multiple browser instances. Simplified API supports a single instance of browser.
- Includes Java and Scala implementation (DollarX - Scala, JDollarX - Java)
Example¶
Basic example:
//Boilerplate
InBrowserSinglton.driver = DriverSetup.createStandardChromeDriver(); // assuming we have such utility function
InBrowserSinglton.driver.get("http://xxx.yyy.zzz");
// definitions
Path carouselItem = div.withClasses("carousel-cell");
Path viewableItem = carouselItem.withClass("is-selected");
// action
dragAndDrop(firstOccurrenceOf(viewableItem)).to(lastOccurrenceOf(viewableItem));
// assertion
assertThat(viewableItem, isPresent(4).timesOrMore());
Introduction¶
DollarX has 3 components:
- Definitions of
Paths
that defines DOM element - Actions in the browser
- Assertions
DOM Path builder based on XPath¶
- Flexible API that allows to declare complex xpath easily, and creates immutable objects
- Grammar is intuitive and similar to English
- Easy to troubleshoot, since toString() of an element is basically English text
- Supports almost any relevant xpath(1.0) expression
- Expandable easily using utility functions
- “Collaborates” with standard Selenium WebElements
- Can be used independently from the other DollarX components
Interactions with the browser¶
Relies on the Path Builder
Two flavors:
- The standard, with multi-browser instances support.
- A simplified API package, for a single browser instance
Custom Matchers:¶
- Relies on the Path Builder, Browser interactions.
- Extends Hamcrest and ScalaTest matchers
- Optimized for performance and atomicity (minimize race condition issues)
- Provides useful error message for failures
- Two flavors, similarly to the interaction with the browser
- The general purpose, standard version, supports assertions in both the browser and a given W3C document