{% load static %}
What is adverto?
What is Artificial Intelligence?
What language are you written in?
What is a chat robot?
Four + 2
Can you breathe?

When will you walk?
You do not make any sense?
Can you malfunction?


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Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's.
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Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's.
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Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's.
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Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's.
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Bucket List
- U.S. National Parks
- ✔ Acadia
- ✔ Cuyahoga Valley
- ✔ Glacier
- ✔ Grand Canyon
- ✔ Grand Teton
- ✔ Mammoth Cave
- ✔ Rocky Mountain
- ✔ Shenandoah
- ✔ Yellowstone
- ✔ Zion
- American Samoa
- Arches
- Badlands
- Big Bend
- Biscayne
- Black Canyon of the Gunnison
- Bryce Canyon
- Canyonlands
- Capitol Reef
- Carlsbad Caverns
- Channel Islands
- Congaree
- Crater Lake
- Death Valley
- Denali
- Dry Tortugas
- Everglades
- Gates of the Arctic
- Glacier Bay
- Great Basin
- Great Sand Dunes
- Great Smoky Mountains
- Guadalupe Mountains
- Haleakala
- Hawai'i Volcanoes
- Hot Springs
- Isle Royale
- Joshua Tree
- Katmai
- Kenai Fjords
- Kings Canyon
- Kobuk Valley
- Lake Clark
- Lassen Volcanic
- Mesa Verde
- Mount Rainer
- North Cascades
- Olympic
- Petrified Forest
- Pinnacles
- Redwood
- Saguaro
- Sequoia
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Virgin Islands
- Voyageurs
- Wind Cave
- Wrangell-St. Elias
- Yosemite
- Canadian National Parks
- Banff
- Fundy
- Jasper
- Pacific Rim
- Yoho
- Chinese National Parks
- Huanglong
- Jiuzhai Valley
- Zhangjiajie
- European Countries
- ✔ France
- ✔ Greece
- Belgium
- Croatia
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- England
- Finland
- Germany
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Russia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- ✔ Galapagos Islands
- ✔ Statue of Liberty
- ✔ Washington D.C.
- African Safari
- Amazon Rainforest
- Antarctica
- Argentine Patagonia
- Atacama Desert
- Australian Outback
- Caribbean Islands
- Chichen Itza
- Christ the Redeemer
- Easter Island
- French Polynesia
- Great Barrier Reef
- Great Pyramid of Giza
- Great Wall of China
- Himalayas
- Indonesia
- Japan
- Machu Pichu
- Madagascar
- Mecca
- Mount Rushmore
- New Zealand
- Niagara Falls
- Northern Lights
- Petra
- Philippines
- Russian Tundra
- Stonehenge
- Taj Mahal
- Thailand


Databases are top level components that define a set of data in relation to Users, User Groups and Tables. Basically, a database would be the highest level container for a customer to store and access data (although a customer is not limited to just one Database). An example of a Database could be:
Tables describe the data coming from a source of user defined values. A table can be any combination of values that are important to the user defining the table but must fall within two main table types that DataBus offers: STREAM and RELATIONAL_TABLE.
Modules are advanced components that allow you to translate data into many different forms when requesting that data from DataBus. Most Modules are specific to a single Table type and cannot be used for data that is stored in a table not of that type. An exception would be the SQL Module which provides SQL-like queries on a table whose structure is known by the one using the module. One powerful feature of the Modules component is that they can be chained together to provide multiple translations on a single request. Some examples of modules are:
There are three distinct end user roles for accessing DataBus: Users, Robots and Groups.
Users are Active Directory system accounts that are allowed access to the DataBus system. A user will be responsible for the creation and maintenance of system components such as Databases, Tables, Robots, User Groups and other Users.
Robots are DataBus system accounts that "act" like Users when running certain DataBus functions. Robots are used to allow access to the system in an automated way without exposing User Credentials for authentication. They should mainly be used for automated services and are considered an Advanced feature of the DataBus system.
User Groups are combinations of Users and Robots that make it easy to give common system privelages to many end user roles at once.
As a first time user, you either want access to someone elses data or want to upload your own so we divide this help into two sections. The first section is for those who wish to upload data into the system and use that data. The second is for those who want to look around and find data sets and request access to those datasets.
These are generally the first steps you will take as a first time user:
Next, you may want to create a user group: (Optional)
Once you have access, you can move onto the section Downloading Data
Robots are user accounts that can perform most DataBus functions, just like a normal User and are considered an Advanced Feature of the DataBus System.
The main use for Robot accounts are to interface with the DataBus system in an automated way. Since all DataBus functionality requires authentication, there needed to be a way to perform routine and automated interactions with the system in which User account credentials were not stored.
Functions that are available to Robots:
How Robots differ from a normal User:
To create a Robot, log into your Groups page and click one of the User Groups that you have either created or are associated with. Under the "Members" section, click the "Create robot" link. Enter in the "User Name" of your Robot and make sure that "Member" is the chosen "Membership Type".
Once the Robot is created, you will see it listed in the "Members" section for this particular User Group along with its associated "API Key". When interacting with the DataBus System as a Robot, the Username will be the "Robot Name" and the Password will be the Robot "API Key".
The current list of Robots that are available to you are:
| Robot Username | API Key | User Group |
A User Group is a DataBus system account that groups Users together in order to make it easy to give common system privilages and data access to many users at once.
Once the group is created, the administrator can then perform the following tasks for the group:
When adding a User to a group, that user can have a "Membership Type" of either:
A Member account can access all data associated with the User Group whereas a Group Admin can create new group Users and new group Robots.
To create a User Group, log into the Add User Group Interface and complete the form. The corporate user account that creates the User Group will become the administrator of the group.
The groups you currently have access to are:
| Group Name | Administrator | Description |


After reading ‘Don’t Make Me Think’ from Steve Krug I felt like Daniel-San from the movie “Karate Kid”. One scene shows Daniel’s frustration, after painting mister Miyagi’s fence for four days straight without learning anything about Karate. His initial frustration goes away upon realizing his mastery of the fundamentals. So what does both the movie and book have in common? You guesses it right, its all about the fundamentals! Plus you get a bit of secret sauce…
The book is divided in 13 chapters and all the way you feel a continuation of the subjects discussed. In summary you can find the key points of each chapter.
Ch 1 Your design should be self evident. If that’s not feasible then the pages should be as self explanatory as possible and guide the user through the content. The chapter’s moto .equals the book title, “Don’t Make Me Think”.
Ch 2 How actually people use the web, differs from how a designer might think. People don’t read the pages thoroughly, they just scan them and find the phrases and words that match their task at hand. Users make the first most reasonable choice and sacrifice content which they don’t find relative. If that doesn’t work, well there is always the back button!
Ch 3 So taking into account the 2nd chapter our design should be made on the basis of scanning not reading. Examples and general principles are given towards this direction.
Ch 4 People don’t mind a lot of clicks as long as each click is painless and gives them the confidence they are on the right track. So whenever the user encounters a choice it must be as self evident as possible and if that’s not feasible then some assistance/ sense of direction should be given.
Ch 5 Omit needless words. Plain and simple
Ch 6 One of the key factors on retaining users to your website is good navigation. In contrast to physical location where there is a sense of direction and scale, web pages sum digital content. Navigation should implicit contain all the directions you need and give you a good sense of where you are currently at. One of the main problems web pages have nowadays is that although the first-level navigation is well designed, from second level onwards, it breaks down and becomes ad-hoc. That’s a problem since users tend to dedicate as much time to both upper and lower levels.
Ch 7 Home page is the most important element of your site, since its more likely to be seen by visitors. The first few milliseconds you dedicate will give you a good outlook on what to expect and that initial impression will follow you from that point on through that domain. Among others, a great way to give a clear sense, is the use of taglines because users can find a concise statement for site’s purpose.
Ch 8 Arguments about usability are a waste of time. Every department has its own point of view and that creates friction. Also there is no point on arguing over specific elements of a page without taking into account the context. The best approach is to have usability tests. There is no average user, the web use is idiosyncratic and there is no easy “right” answer
Ch 9 Usability tests often reveal design problems which no one thought about. It is mandatory to run them on time, especially during the early stages of a project. Many useful ideas are given regarding how to find and pick your testers, what is a good set of principles to guide you through the testing process and how you should prioritize your fixes.
Ch 10 Some key factors to consider when designing for mobile devices are: target usability no matter the screen size, smaller screens favor more clicks (and its ok as long as proper content awaits the user) and pages should be optimized for mobile data. Steve also points out some characteristics of mobile apps and those are : they should be learnable, memorable and delight. Finally some ideas are given about performing usability testing on mobile devices.
Ch 11 The concept of goodwill is described in this section. The general idea is that every user has a limited amount of it and if you want to avoid its depletion, web sites should be structured with content clarity in mind.
Ch 12 If you want to improve site accessibility, start by fixing usability problems (which applies in all cases..). Another key factor to have in mind is that most blind users are just as impatient on scanning content as sighted ones and thus proper markdown should be used to help during searches. Useful resources are webaim.org for good aim text design and redish.net for creating accessible and usable web sites.
Ch 13 Applying usability testing at work. Well this chapter mostly discusses the cases where your boss doesnt want to hear these words at work.
Complementary content for the book can be found at sensible.com
In general, even though I currently work as a backend developer, it was a great read and I highly recommended it! It will give you a great overview of good web design if you don’t know much and you will find some good sauce if you are an advanced web designer.
Finally a great point that I found in acknowledgments :
“if you would like your life to be good marry well”
Design and life coaching combined in one book, what else do you need?


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
over 2 hours
Serves
Serves 4
Dietary
Lightly grease a 1.5 litre/12¾fl oz pudding basin with butter.
For the butterscotch sauce, melt the butter, sugar and vanilla extract in a pan over a medium heat, stirring well to combine. Continue to heat until the mixture has caramelised.
Add the cream and stir until the mixture is smooth. Bring the mixture to a simmer and continue to simmer until the volume of liquid has reduced slightly. Remove the pan from the heat and set aside to cool completely.
For the apples, heat the butter in a separate frying pan over a medium heat. When the butter is foaming, add the apple pieces and fry for 3-4 minutes, or until just tender and starting to caramelise. Set aside to cool slightly.
For the sponge, in a bowl, beat together the butter and sugar until pale and fluffy.
Gradually add the beaten eggs, a little at a time, beating well to incorporate each addition of egg before adding the next.
When all of the eggs have been well combined into the mixture, carefully mix in the flour until well combined.
Sprinkle the caramelised apples into the bottom of the prepared pudding basin. Pour over three quarters of the cooled butterscotch sauce (reserve the remaining sauce). Spoon over the sponge batter in an even layer.
Cover the pudding basin with a pleated sheet of baking parchment, then wrap it in aluminium foil and secure with string.
Place the bowl into a large pan and add enough boiling water so that the water reaches halfway up the sides of the basin. Cover the pan with a lid and steam for at least 1½ hours, topping the pan up with more boiling water as necessary.
Meanwhile, for the crème anglaise, bring the cream, milk and vanilla pod and seeds to the boil in a pan. Remove from the heat and set aside for 15 minutes to infuse. After 15 minutes, discard the vanilla pod (it can be rinsed and re-used in another recipe).
In a bowl, mix together the eggs and sugar until pale and well combined. Pour over the milk and cream mixture over the egg and sugar mixture, whisking continuously until the mixture is well combined.
Strain the mixture through a sieve into a clean pan and place the sieved liquid over a low heat.  Remove from the heat and place into a bowl of cold water to prevent it from thickening further.
To serve, turn out the steamed apple pudding onto a serving plate and cut it into slices. Place one slice into the centre of each of four serving plates. Drizzle over the remaining butterscotch sauce and the crème anglaise.


I'm a 21 year old Software Developer from Water Valley, MS. I graduated from Water Valley High School in May of 2016 and began training 40 hours a week at Base Camp Coding Academy in June of 2016 to become a software developer. I graduated in May of 2017. I was then offered an internship opportunity at FedEx that started in July 2017- December 2017. I am currenly employed at Mechanics Bank in Water Valley, MS in their IT department at the main branch, while also focusing on futhering my acknowledge and getting my AAS in Software Engineering at Holmes CC. I am always looking forward to new opportunities and experiences! Feel free to contact me.
Download my resume here!Microsoft Powerpoint
CSS
HTML
Linux
SQL
BootStrap
Terminal
Atom
JavaScript
Mac OS X
Tkinter
Python
Git
Microsoft Word
Windows
Bash
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Locations:
Water Valley, MS 38965
Ridgeland, MS 39157
Grenada, MS 38901
LinkedIn:
Milttreonna


-n
doesn't work with unquoted arguments. Quote or use [[ ]]
.
if [ -n $var ]
then
echo "var has a value"
else
echo "var is empty"
fi
In POSIX:
if [ -n "$var" ]
then
echo "var has a value"
else
echo "var is empty"
fi
In bash/ksh:
if [[ -n $var ]]
then
echo "var has a value"
else
echo "var is empty"
fi
When $var
is unquoted, a blank value will cause it to wordsplit and disappear. If $var
is empty, these two statements are identical:
[ -n $var ]
[ -n ]
[ string ]
is shorthand for testing if a string is empty. This is still true if string
happens to be -n
. [ -n ]
is therefore true, and by extension so is [ -n $var ]
.
To fix this, either quote the variable, or (if your shell supports it) use [[ -n $var ]]
which generally has fewer caveats than [
.
None


Use a select box for a list of items that a user does not need to see all the time. A common strategy is to combine an input field with a select box so that a user can enter a value and qualify it with a menu item. For example, the user might enter a number in an input field and select the units from the select box.
Two height sizes are available to adapt the Select to different situations. Besides, the Select component includes a label and a help text to give some details to the user about the content or the options available.
The same help text space is used to show error messages when needed. However, if error, the text is red-colored as well as the outline of the text box.
The Select is highlighted when has the focus to guide the user visually to the component that owns the action.
The Select can be used with or without border depending on the purpose of use of the component. Inside a form, always must have border. Outside instead, can use it or not.
Below are the good practices that should guide the uses of the component to maintain coherence in the design system and the spirit with which they were sustained.


Reference
Data Types
Spark SQL and DataFrames support the following data types:
- Numeric types
ByteType
: Represents 1-byte signed integer numbers. The range of numbers is from-128
to127
.ShortType
: Represents 2-byte signed integer numbers. The range of numbers is from-32768
to32767
.IntegerType
: Represents 4-byte signed integer numbers. The range of numbers is from-2147483648
to2147483647
.LongType
: Represents 8-byte signed integer numbers. The range of numbers is from-9223372036854775808
to9223372036854775807
.FloatType
: Represents 4-byte single-precision floating point numbers.DoubleType
: Represents 8-byte double-precision floating point numbers.DecimalType
: Represents arbitrary-precision signed decimal numbers. Backed internally byjava.math.BigDecimal
. ABigDecimal
consists of an arbitrary precision integer unscaled value and a 32-bit integer scale.
- String type
StringType
: Represents character string values.
- Binary type
BinaryType
: Represents byte sequence values.
- Boolean type
BooleanType
: Represents boolean values.
- Datetime type
TimestampType
: Represents values comprising values of fields year, month, day, hour, minute, and second.DateType
: Represents values comprising values of fields year, month, day.
- Complex types
ArrayType(elementType, containsNull)
: Represents values comprising a sequence of elements with the type ofelementType
.containsNull
is used to indicate if elements in aArrayType
value can havenull
values.MapType(keyType, valueType, valueContainsNull)
: Represents values comprising a set of key-value pairs. The data type of keys are described bykeyType
and the data type of values are described byvalueType
. For aMapType
value, keys are not allowed to havenull
values.valueContainsNull
is used to indicate if values of aMapType
value can havenull
values.StructType(fields)
: Represents values with the structure described by a sequence ofStructField
s (fields
).StructField(name, dataType, nullable)
: Represents a field in aStructType
. The name of a field is indicated byname
. The data type of a field is indicated bydataType
.nullable
is used to indicate if values of this fields can havenull
values.
All data types of Spark SQL are located in the package org.apache.spark.sql.types
.
You can access them by doing
import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
| Data type | Value type in Scala | API to access or create a data type |
|---|---|---|
| ByteType | Byte | ByteType |
| ShortType | Short | ShortType |
| IntegerType | Int | IntegerType |
| LongType | Long | LongType |
| FloatType | Float | FloatType |
| DoubleType | Double | DoubleType |
| DecimalType | java.math.BigDecimal | DecimalType |
| StringType | String | StringType |
| BinaryType | Array[Byte] | BinaryType |
| BooleanType | Boolean | BooleanType |
| TimestampType | java.sql.Timestamp | TimestampType |
| DateType | java.sql.Date | DateType |
| ArrayType | scala.collection.Seq |
ArrayType(elementType, [containsNull]) Note: The default value of containsNull is true. |
| MapType | scala.collection.Map |
MapType(keyType, valueType, [valueContainsNull]) Note: The default value of valueContainsNull is true. |
| StructType | org.apache.spark.sql.Row |
StructType(fields) Note: fields is a Seq of StructFields. Also, two fields with the same name are not allowed. |
| StructField | The value type in Scala of the data type of this field (For example, Int for a StructField with the data type IntegerType) |
StructField(name, dataType, [nullable]) Note: The default value of nullable is true. |
All data types of Spark SQL are located in the package of
org.apache.spark.sql.types
. To access or create a data type,
please use factory methods provided in
org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataTypes
.
| Data type | Value type in Java | API to access or create a data type |
|---|---|---|
| ByteType | byte or Byte | DataTypes.ByteType |
| ShortType | short or Short | DataTypes.ShortType |
| IntegerType | int or Integer | DataTypes.IntegerType |
| LongType | long or Long | DataTypes.LongType |
| FloatType | float or Float | DataTypes.FloatType |
| DoubleType | double or Double | DataTypes.DoubleType |
| DecimalType | java.math.BigDecimal |
DataTypes.createDecimalType() DataTypes.createDecimalType(precision, scale). |
| StringType | String | DataTypes.StringType |
| BinaryType | byte[] | DataTypes.BinaryType |
| BooleanType | boolean or Boolean | DataTypes.BooleanType |
| TimestampType | java.sql.Timestamp | DataTypes.TimestampType |
| DateType | java.sql.Date | DataTypes.DateType |
| ArrayType | java.util.List |
DataTypes.createArrayType(elementType) Note: The value of containsNull will be true DataTypes.createArrayType(elementType, containsNull). |
| MapType | java.util.Map |
DataTypes.createMapType(keyType, valueType) Note: The value of valueContainsNull will be true. DataTypes.createMapType(keyType, valueType, valueContainsNull) |
| StructType | org.apache.spark.sql.Row |
DataTypes.createStructType(fields) Note: fields is a List or an array of StructFields. Also, two fields with the same name are not allowed. |
| StructField | The value type in Java of the data type of this field (For example, int for a StructField with the data type IntegerType) | DataTypes.createStructField(name, dataType, nullable) |
All data types of Spark SQL are located in the package of pyspark.sql.types
.
You can access them by doing
| Data type | Value type in Python | API to access or create a data type |
|---|---|---|
| ByteType |
int or long Note: Numbers will be converted to 1-byte signed integer numbers at runtime. Please make sure that numbers are within the range of -128 to 127. |
ByteType() |
| ShortType |
int or long Note: Numbers will be converted to 2-byte signed integer numbers at runtime. Please make sure that numbers are within the range of -32768 to 32767. |
ShortType() |
| IntegerType | int or long | IntegerType() |
| LongType |
long Note: Numbers will be converted to 8-byte signed integer numbers at runtime. Please make sure that numbers are within the range of -9223372036854775808 to<PHONE_NUMBER>854775807. Otherwise, please convert data to decimal.Decimal and use DecimalType. |
LongType() |
| FloatType |
float Note: Numbers will be converted to 4-byte single-precision floating point numbers at runtime. |
FloatType() |
| DoubleType | float | DoubleType() |
| DecimalType | decimal.Decimal | DecimalType() |
| StringType | string | StringType() |
| BinaryType | bytearray | BinaryType() |
| BooleanType | bool | BooleanType() |
| TimestampType | datetime.datetime | TimestampType() |
| DateType | datetime.date | DateType() |
| ArrayType | list, tuple, or array |
ArrayType(elementType, [containsNull]) Note: The default value of containsNull is True. |
| MapType | dict |
MapType(keyType, valueType, [valueContainsNull]) Note: The default value of valueContainsNull is True. |
| StructType | list or tuple |
StructType(fields) Note: fields is a Seq of StructFields. Also, two fields with the same name are not allowed. |
| StructField | The value type in Python of the data type of this field (For example, Int for a StructField with the data type IntegerType) |
StructField(name, dataType, [nullable]) Note: The default value of nullable is True. |
| Data type | Value type in R | API to access or create a data type |
|---|---|---|
| ByteType |
integer Note: Numbers will be converted to 1-byte signed integer numbers at runtime. Please make sure that numbers are within the range of -128 to 127. |
"byte" |
| ShortType |
integer Note: Numbers will be converted to 2-byte signed integer numbers at runtime. Please make sure that numbers are within the range of -32768 to 32767. |
"short" |
| IntegerType | integer | "integer" |
| LongType |
integer Note: Numbers will be converted to 8-byte signed integer numbers at runtime. Please make sure that numbers are within the range of -9223372036854775808 to<PHONE_NUMBER>854775807. Otherwise, please convert data to decimal.Decimal and use DecimalType. |
"long" |
| FloatType |
numeric Note: Numbers will be converted to 4-byte single-precision floating point numbers at runtime. |
"float" |
| DoubleType | numeric | "double" |
| DecimalType | Not supported | Not supported |
| StringType | character | "string" |
| BinaryType | raw | "binary" |
| BooleanType | logical | "bool" |
| TimestampType | POSIXct | "timestamp" |
| DateType | Date | "date" |
| ArrayType | vector or list |
list(type="array", elementType=elementType, containsNull=[containsNull]) Note: The default value of containsNull is TRUE. |
| MapType | environment |
list(type="map", keyType=keyType, valueType=valueType, valueContainsNull=[valueContainsNull]) Note: The default value of valueContainsNull is TRUE. |
| StructType | named list |
list(type="struct", fields=fields) Note: fields is a Seq of StructFields. Also, two fields with the same name are not allowed. |
| StructField | The value type in R of the data type of this field (For example, integer for a StructField with the data type IntegerType) |
list(name=name, type=dataType, nullable=[nullable]) Note: The default value of nullable is TRUE. |
NaN Semantics
There is specially handling for not-a-number (NaN) when dealing with float
or double
types that
does not exactly match standard floating point semantics.
Specifically:
- NaN = NaN returns true.
- In aggregations, all NaN values are grouped together.
- NaN is treated as a normal value in join keys.
- NaN values go last when in ascending order, larger than any other numeric value.
Arithmetic operations
Operations performed on numeric types (with the exception of decimal
) are not checked for overflow.
This means that in case an operation causes an overflow, the result is the same that the same operation
returns in a Java/Scala program (eg. if the sum of 2 integers is higher than the maximum value representable,
the result is a negative number).


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Dark mode
Toggle Dark/Light Mode
Click the button to toggle between dark and light mode for the elements
This feature will affect every component of this framework
<button class="button" data-role="dark-mode">Toggle dark mode</button>
See it in action!
Pssst... you can toggle dark mode in the appbar click the eye at the top
Buttons
Forms & inputs
Accordions
.accordion
Item 1
Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut.
Item 2
Anim pariatur cliche reprehenderit, enim eiusmod high life accusamus terry richardson ad squid. 3 wolf moon officia aute.
Item 3
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s.
.accordion with disabled item
Item 1
Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut.
Item 2
Anim pariatur cliche reprehenderit, enim eiusmod high life accusamus terry richardson ad squid. 3 wolf moon officia aute.
Item 3
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s.
.accordion with icon
Item 1
Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut.
Item 2
Anim pariatur cliche reprehenderit, enim eiusmod high life accusamus terry richardson ad squid. 3 wolf moon officia aute.
Item 3
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s.
.accordion & .large-heading
Item 1
Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut.
Item 2
Anim pariatur cliche reprehenderit, enim eiusmod high life accusamus terry richardson ad squid. 3 wolf moon officia aute.
Item 4
Anim pariatur cliche reprehenderit, enim eiusmod high life accusamus terry richardson ad squid. 3 wolf moon officia aute.
Item 3
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s.
Can I use it with other elements?
Yep, check this examples
Click tihs text


Web Developer to be | A tennis player | A student |
My name Noble Mungu,learning programming at Moringa school but currently learning remotely,currently in Kisumu
Bhayani school,2011
Nyabondo Boarding School,2012-2015
Maranda High School,2016-2019
Currently at Moringa School
Learning web developing
HTML,CSS,Javascript Bootstrap
https://noble-mungu.github.io/IP-2/.
https://noble-mungu.github.io/Delani-studio/


All of the settings within Ameol are done from the Settings Menu. Here you can choose how to connect, enter your mail details, your CIX details, the directories Ameol will use and so on. The Settings help pages make extensive use of Hot Spot images so click anywhere on the example screens for more information. If you don't know where a setting is, try using the Search button at the top of this page.


This URL has been my online home for many years, manifesting at times as a blog or a portfolio until landing on this current single-column blog. Today it’s a bit of an outlet graveyard for my design-and development-related ramblings.
In case you were wondering, this site is:
You can find more about my macOS development setup in my config repo on GitHub. The design and code powering this site, however, is not available for re-use or purchase.
For comments or questions, feel free to ask me on GitHub, on Twitter, or, if you really hate me, via email at markdotto at gmail dot com.


--- title: Models by Håkan Kjellerstrand --- Håkan's blog now contains a collection of Gecode models.


| 609 | (A) | For þe caste was so kene that come fro the wallis |
| 612 | (C) | For þe caste was so sharpe . þat kame fro þe wałł |
| 606 | (D) | For þe cast was so kene þat come fro þe wallis |
| 598 | (E) | for þe schot was so scharp . þat com fro þe walles |
| (Ex) | ---- no text ---- | |
| 627 | (L) | þe caste was so kene þat come fram þe walles |
| 567 | (P) | For þe caste was so kene þat come fra þe wall |
| 603 | (U) | For the kast was so kene / that kome fro the walles |
| (V) | ---- no text ---- |


Description: Remove elements from the set of matched elements.
selector: Selector A string containing a selector expression to match elements against.
elements: Elements One or more DOM elements to remove from the matched set.
function(index): Function()
A function used as a test for each element in the set. this
is the current DOM element.
jQuery object: PlainObject An existing jQuery object to match the current set of elements against.
Given a jQuery object that represents a set of DOM elements, the .not()
method constructs a new jQuery object from a subset of the matching elements. The supplied selector is tested against each element; the elements that don't match the selector will be included in the result.
Consider a page with a simple list on it:

list item 1

list item 2

list item 3

list item 4

list item 5

We can apply this method to the set of list items:
$('li').not(':even').css('background-color', 'red');
The result of this call is a red background for items 2 and 4, as they do not match the selector (recall that :even and :odd use 0-based indexing).
The second version of the .not()
method allows us to remove elements from the matched set, assuming we have found those elements previously by some other means. For example, suppose our list had an id applied to one of its items:

list item 1

list item 2

list item 3

list item 4

list item 5

We can fetch the third list item using the native JavaScript getElementById()
function, then remove it from a jQuery object:
$('li').not(document.getElementById('notli'))
.css('background-color', 'red');
This statement changes the color of items 1, 2, 4, and 5. We could have accomplished the same thing with a simpler jQuery expression, but this technique can be useful when, for example, other libraries provide references to plain DOM nodes.
As of jQuery 1.4, the .not()
method can take a function as its argument in the same way that .filter()
does. Elements for which the function returns true
are excluded from the filtered set; all other elements are included.
<!DOCTYPE html>

$("p").not( $("#selected")[0] )
$("p").not("#selected")
$("p").not($("div p.selected"))


Zend Framework
LICENSE
This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>so we can send you a copy immediately.
Abstract Finite State Machine
Take a look on Wikipedia state machine description: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_state_machine
Any type of Transducers (Moore machine or Mealy machine) also may be implemented by using this abstract FSM. process() methods invokes a specified actions which may construct FSM output. Actions may be also used to signal, that we have reached Accept State
array
$_entryActions= 'array'
List of entry actions Each action executes when entering the state
[state] => action
array
Detailsarray
$_exitActions= 'array'
List of exit actions Each action executes when exiting the state
[state] => action
array
Detailsarray
$_inputActions= 'array'
List of input actions Each action executes when entering the state
[state][input] => action
array
Detailsarray
$_rules= 'array'
State transition table
[sourceState][input] => targetState
array
Details__construct(
array $states
=
array, array $inputAphabet
=
array, array $rules
=
array
)
:
void
Finite State machine constructor
$states is an array of integers or strings with a list of possible machine states constructor treats fist list element as a sturt state (assignes it to $_current state). It may be reassigned by setState() call. States list may be empty and can be extended later by addState() or addStates() calls.
$inputAphabet is the same as $states, but represents input alphabet it also may be extended later by addInputSymbols() or addInputSymbol() calls.
$rules parameter describes FSM transitions and has a structure: array( array(sourseState, input, targetState[, inputAction]), array(sourseState, input, targetState[, inputAction]), array(sourseState, input, targetState[, inputAction]), ... ) Rules also can be added later by addRules() and addRule() calls.
FSM actions are very flexible and may be defined by addEntryAction(), addExitAction(), addInputAction() and addTransitionAction() calls.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $states | array | |
| $inputAphabet | array | |
| $rules | array |
addEntryAction(
integer|string $state, \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction $action
)
:
void
Add state entry action.
Several entry actions are allowed. Action execution order is defined by addEntryAction() calls
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $state | integer|string | |
| $action | \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction |
addExitAction(
integer|string $state, \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction $action
)
:
void
Add state exit action.
Several exit actions are allowed. Action execution order is defined by addEntryAction() calls
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $state | integer|string | |
| $action | \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction |
addInputAction(
integer|string $state, $inputSymbol, \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction $action
)
:
void
Add input action (defined by {state, input} pair).
Several input actions are allowed. Action execution order is defined by addInputAction() calls
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $state | integer|string | |
| $inputSymbol | ||
| $action | \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction |
addInputSymbol(
integer|string $inputSymbol
)
:
void
Add symbol to the input alphabet
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $inputSymbol | integer|string |
addInputSymbols(
array $inputAphabet
)
:
void
Add symbols to the input alphabet
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $inputAphabet | array |
addRule(
integer|string $sourceState, integer|string $input, integer|string $targetState, \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction|null $inputAction
=
null
)
:
void
Add symbol to the input alphabet
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $sourceState | integer|string | |
| $input | integer|string | |
| $targetState | integer|string | |
| $inputAction | \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction|null |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Search_Exception |
addRules(
array $rules
)
:
void
Add transition rules
array structure: array( array(sourseState, input, targetState[, inputAction]), array(sourseState, input, targetState[, inputAction]), array(sourseState, input, targetState[, inputAction]), ... )
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $rules | array |
addState(
integer|string $state
)
:
void
Add state to the state machine
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $state | integer|string |
addStates(
array $states
)
:
void
Add states to the state machine
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $states | array |
addTransitionAction(
integer|string $sourceState, integer|string $targetState, \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction $action
)
:
void
Add transition action (defined by {state, input} pair).
Several transition actions are allowed. Action execution order is defined by addTransitionAction() calls
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $sourceState | integer|string | |
| $targetState | integer|string | |
| $action | \Zend_Search_Lucene_FSMAction |
setState(
integer|string $state
)
:
void
Set FSM state.
No any action is invoked
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $state | integer|string |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Search_Exception |


We examine blockchain!
- facilitate killer eyeballs
- monetize collaborative niches
- mesh granular synergies
- engineer impactful users
- productize seamless technologies
- harness sticky e-markets
- drive virtual channels
- empower next-generation paradigms
- exploit 24/365 infrastructures


[1]
moving wallpaper -rrb-/-rrb- had an audible alarm at the as we noticed the quake and the same time as we noticed the quake .
[2]
inn ''/'' , and the muroran branch is quite modern compared to some of the others .


λ
Let's talk about
FP in JavaScript
jestersunborn.github.io/functional-programming-js-slides
History
Alonzo Church
(1903 - 1995)
Lambda calculus
Principles of FP
Imutable
👋🏻🚫
Demo
First-class functions and higher-order functions
✈ 👮🏻
Demo
Pure Functions
🛁
Demo
Currying
👨👩👦 + 🔪 === 🙎🏼 + 🤦🏼 + 👶🏽
Demo
Why FP?
🤷🏽
Less pain
💊 + 😰 === 😝
Unit tests
📝
Debug
🔎
github.com/hemanth/functional-programming-jargon
github.com/xgrommx/awesome-functional-programming
jestersunborn.github.io/functional-programming-js-slides


Canonn R&D
New Report
Codex
Data Sheets
Database
BT - Brain Trees
FG - Fungal Gourds
FM - Fumaroles
GR - Guardian Ruins
GY - Geysers
TB - Thargoid Barnacles
TS - Thargoid Structures
Canonn Reporting Tool
Example Report Intro


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- Upto 50 keyphrases optimized
- Predictive keyword Analysis
- Information architecture
- Information architecture
- GoogleBot crawls
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- Upto 50 keyphrases optimized
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- Information architecture
- GoogleBot crawls
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- Information architecture
- GoogleBot crawls
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$
0
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- Predictive keyword Analysis
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Standard Plan
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49
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- Upto 50 keyphrases optimized
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- Predictive keyword Analysis
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Review: BLACK DOG [1998]
Starring: Patrick Swayze, Randy Travis, Meatloaf, Gabriel Casseus, Brian Vincent, Stephen Tobolowski, Brenda Strong. Directed by: Kevin Hooks
Review by: Joy Wyse
Reflecting on the movie BLACK DOG I see holes that you could drive a truck through, but that's exactly what they did. They drove that truck anywhere they could. The more explosions and wrecks that there are, the better.
Swayze portrays a husband/father who has recently been paroled from prison where he was serving a sentence for vehicular manslaughter. His deadly accident had occurred when he fell asleep at the wheel [and saw the black dog!] and had killed a couple of people.
Now, he no longer has a license to drive but he works for a trucking company. Of course, the owner offers him $10,000 to drive a "special" load from Georgia to New Jersey. Being the good parolee that he is, he refuses, until he learns that his wife had been unable to keep up with the bills and their home is being foreclosed unless they come up with $9,000 immediately.
>From there the plot gets very involved with hijackers, FBI, ATF, and who knows who else trying to intercept the load. Swayze has been established in the film as a skilled truck driver, so he pulls off some very fancy driving.
In the back of the rig there is a vicious black dog who is there to protect the load. It seems that the only reason that dog is really there is to add to the title. There is no explanation for the dog's actions. Although the dog is portrayed as being anxious to pounce whenever the rear door is opened, he is mysteriously hesitant when the officer at the weigh station inspects the truck. Everyone in the audience was wondering if the truckers had gone off and left the dog behind somewhere. When he finally snarls, it seems almost comical. It would have been far better if the dog had lurked in the background whenever the truck was entered. We could have been surprised when Patrick first encounters him, and then we would have been anticipating the dog's appearance when the guard inspects the load. Also, later in the film, when a dead body is placed in the rear with the load, what does that dog do?
As I mentioned, there are plenty of good stunts and crashes and explosions. How do you wreck a lot of cars at once? Just crash a truck that is carrying a load of cars.
Swayze is OK in the roll, not good, not bad. Kevin Sorbo was originally intended as the star but his shoulder problem prevented it. I wonder if it would have been different with him. As for the two singers, Randy Travis and Meatloaf, they both turn in creditable portrayals, although it is funny listening to Travis trying to sing poorly. Make sure that you listen to the lyrics of his creations. They're very funny. I especially like "He drew first, but I shot faster."
I won't mind watching it again on late night TV when there's nothing better on, but I'm not going to pay to see it again.
It gets a C.
SEE YOU AT THE MOVIES!
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


DaddY "I have to piss.  I swear to god, my cow is not the only thing getting fucked tonight"- Daddy 2k17 "While I'm spending 20 gold on roads I'm gaining 30 virginity"-Daddy 2k17
psychedelic fett "I can hear it man...I can hear you peeing in the bottle! - 7/26/17"
Magiwarriorx "I don't use nades. Thats prolly why I'm still silver... - 7/27/17" "Nades are a crutch...you only need them if you're bad... - 7/27/17"
Doc.Z // BenQ "It won't be the ramen that kills me, it will be the copious amounts of mind altering chemicals" - 8/16/17 "There is no reason to be sober, always be high." -Doc 2k17 "If you do coke once it's really hard to get addicted to it."  - 5/5/2016
TheAverageMormon "I only get my crystal at Krystal's!! Crystal Meth that is..." -Mormon 8/24/17 "Sobriety is Abstinence! Sex is a drug, motherfucker!" - Mormon 8/24/17 "The natrual flow of nature is exotic my man." -TheAverageMormon 8/25/17 "Counter strafing is irrelavent..." -TheAverageMormon 2017


R wasn’t made to only look at cat data, but if that’s your thing there’s certainly more great cat data to be found. Other free data sets are also available online and in R packages (try typing starwars
after you’ve loaded the dplyr package). One big advantage of CSVs is that you can easily share them online. Once there, researchers and collaborators can easily read your data directly into their own R session using the data’s URL.
Kaggle datasets is one great resource for interesting data. The example below shows a data set of the top 5,000 rated movies on IMDB.
library("readr")
# Below is a IMDB movie file stored on the internet as a CSV
movie_url <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MPCA-air/RCamp/master/data/movies/IMDB.csv"
# Read the IMDB movie data and save as `movies`
movies <- read_csv(movie_url)
Your challenge is to load the movie data (or use one of your own) and to practice using the filter()
, arrange()
, mutate()
, and summarize()
functions. When you’ve run out of time, save your script as “my_name.R” to this folder — X:\Agency_Files\Data_Services\DAU\Data Analytics User Group\Shared\r\training\RCamp\Day1\Student scripts
.
Add your data file as well if it isn’t already on the X-drive.
Create a new R script that answers a few questions about your data set:
group_by()
to summarize()` the values of a column based on a group it’s in.mutate()
to convert one of your columns into a different unit (e.g. lbs
to Millions of lbs
or grams
to kilograms
).filter()
your data to a single category.%in%
to filter your data to a few categories.Did answering these questions raise new questions about your data?
Add some of these questions to your script using comments #
.
# Why does Facility A have no emissions?
# What happened to the County value for some monitors?
# Is this site really a million times bigger than that site??
Some additional movie questions if you’re using the IMDB data:
my_CAT55
Yes!! That was purrfect!
On the front of your sticky note answer one of these:
On the back:
We will compile the questions and send out answers before next class. If you think of something later, please e-mail us any questions you have. If you’re uncertain about something I guarantee someone else is as well. So help a friend, and ask a question.


{% extends 'voteapp/base.html' %} {% block title %}Login{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Check your candidates/choices and if they are correct press submit below. Otherwise, return and correct any of your choices.


Quantum Computing and Machine Learning are two of the most promising approaches for studying complex physical systems where several length and energy scales are involved. Traditional many-particle methods, either quantum mechanical or classical ones, face huge dimensionality problems when applied to studies of systems with many interacting particles. To be able to define properly effective potentials for realistic molecular dynamics simulations of billions or more particles, requires both precise quantum mechanical studies as well as algorithms that allow for parametrizations and simplifications of quantum mechanical results. Quantum Computing offers now an interesting avenue, together with traditional algorithms, for studying complex quantum mechanical systems. Machine Learning on the other hand allows us to parametrize these results in terms of classical interactions. These interactions are in turn suitable for large scale molecular dynamics simulations of complicated systems spanning from subatomic physics to materials science and life science.
Boltzmann Machines (BMs) offer a powerful framework for modeling probability distributions. These types of neural networks use an undirected graph-structure to encode relevant information. More precisely, the respective information is stored in bias coefficients and connection weights of network nodes, which are typically related to binary spin-systems and grouped into those that determine the output, the visible nodes, and those that act as latent variables, the hidden nodes.
Furthermore, the network structure is linked to an energy function which facilitates the definition of a probability distribution over the possible node configurations by using a concept from statistical mechanics, i.e., Gibbs states. The aim of BM training is to learn a set of weights such that the resulting model approximates a target probability distribution which is implicitly given by training data. This setting can be formulated as discriminative as well as generative learning task. Applications have been studied in a large variety of domains such as the analysis of quantum many-body systems, statistics, biochemistry, social networks, signal processing and finance
BMs are complicated to train in practice because the loss function's derivative requires the evaluation of a normalization factor, the partition function, that is generally difficult to compute. Usually, it is approximated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods which may require long runtimes until convergence
Quantum Boltzmann Machines (QBMs) are a natural adaption of BMs to the quantum computing framework. Instead of an energy function with nodes being represented by binary spin values, QBMs define the underlying network using a Hermitian operator, normally a parameterized Hamiltonian, see references [1,2] below.
Here we will focus on classification problems such as the famous MNIST data set which contains handwritten numbers from \( 0 \) to \( 9 \). This can serve as a starting point. More data sets can be included at a later stage. The next project parallels this but replaces Boltzmann machines with Autoencoders.
Literature:Classical autoencoders are neural networks that can learn efficient low dimensional representations of data in higher dimensional space. The task of an autoencoder is, given an input \( x \), is to map \( x \) to a lower dimensional point \( y \) such that \( x \) can likely be recovered from \( y \). The structure of the underlying autoencoder network can be chosen to represent the data on a smaller dimension, effectively compressing the input.
Inspired by this idea, we would like to, following references [1,2] below, to introduce Quantum Autoencoders to compress a particular dataset like the famous MNIST data set which contains handwritten numbers from \( 0 \) to \( 9 \).
Literature:Quantum computers can perform full configuration interaction (full-CI) calculations by utilising the quantum phase estimation (QPE) algorithms including Bayesian phase estimation (BPE) and iterative quantum phase estimation (IQPE). In these quantum algorithms, the time evolution of wave functions for atoms and molecules is simulated conditionally with an ancillary qubit as the control, which make implementation to real quantum devices difficult. Also, most of the problems in many-body physics discuss energy differences between two states rather than total energies themselves, and thus direct calculations of energy gaps in for example atoms and molecules are promising for future applications of quantum computers to real quantum mechanical many-body problems. In the race of finding efficient quantum algorithms to solve quantum chemistry problems, we would like to study a Bayesian phase difference estimation (BPDE) algorithm, which is a general algorithm to calculate the difference of two eigenphases of unitary operators in the several cases of the direct calculations of energy gaps between selected many-body states states on quantum computers.
The specific task here is to implenent and study Quantum Computing algorithms like the Quantum-Phase Estimation algorithm and Variational Quantum Eigensolvers for solving quantum mechanical many-particle problems. Recent scientific articles have shown the reliability of these methods on existing and real quantum computers, see for example references [1-5] below.
Here the focus is first on tailoring a Hamiltonian like the pairing Hamiltonian and/or Anderson Hamiltonian in terms of quantum gates, as done in references [3-5].
Reproducing these results will be the first step of this thesis project. The next step includes adding more complicated terms to the Hamiltonian, like a particle-hole interaction as done in the work of Hjorth-Jensen et al.
The final step is to implement the action of these Hamiltonians on existing quantum computers like Rigetti's Quantum Computer.
The projects can easily be split into several parts and form the basis for collaborations among several students.
Literature:The aim of this project is to study various ways of analyzing entanglement theoretically by computing for example the von Neumann entropy of a quantum mechanical many-body system. The systems we are aiming at here are so-called quantum dots systems which are candidates from making quantum gates and circuits. The theoretical results are planned to be linked with experimental interpretations via Quantum state tomography, which is the standard technique for estimating the quantum state of small systems. If possible, this project could be linked with studies of quantum tomography from the SpinQ quantum computer at OsloMet.
Literature:


Type Definitions
PinchOptions
Pinch event options
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
rotate |
boolean | Enable rotatation |
TransformOptions
Transform event options. Note that scale controllers option is not available. Scale controllers are attached automatically, based on options configuration.
Properties:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
translate |
boolean | Activate translate transform |
||
rotate |
boolean | Activate rotate transform |
||
scale |
boolean | Activate scale transform |
||
minWidth |
int |
<optional> |
50 | Scale transform width limitation |
minHeight |
int |
<optional> |
50 | Scale transform height limitation |
keepRatio |
boolean |
<optional> |
false | Scale transform allows skew by default |
translateHandle |
HTMLElement |
<optional> |
element | Translate controller, defaults to monitored element |
rotateHandles |
Array.<HTMLElement> | Rotation controllers |
||
delta |
boolean | Delta transform also exist in event detail, by defaults only accumulated transform is reported |
||
origin |
boolean | Transform is reported in view coordinate system, if oirgin transform is needed set this flag |


the and {background margin {border-style px;} were #ffffff;} for was with against cells infection -nCoV virus The antiviral Vero drugs remdesivir which px; this {font-family chloroquine font-size from infected that been double; effective its viral Institute National Our Science Supplementary Wuhan border-color border-width concentration drug has including novel patients showed solid; thank treatment {font-style {font-weight (Fig. CC > μM, Commons Creative For M.W., R.C., SI > .) are bold cases cell compounds coronavirus courier; em; human pt;} their used yield


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Dr. Jing Li
Research Scientist, Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Blog List
This blog notes some fundamental concepts in computer science, so that I can easily recover my memory when needed.
As the saying goes, "Note is better than memory for ever".


A Type is a collection of attributes such as paint style, hover paint style, overlays etc - it is a subset, including most but not all, of the parameters you can set in an Endpoint or Connection definition. It also covers behavioural attributes such as isSource
or maxConnections
on Endpoints.
An Endpoint or Connection can have zero or more Types assigned; they are merged as granularly as possible, in the order in which they were assigned. There is a supporting API with these methods:
and each of these methods (except hasType
) takes a space-separated string so you can add several at once. Support for
these methods has been added to the jsPlumb.select
and jsPlumb.selectEndpoint
methods, and you can also now
specify a type
parameter to an Endpoint or Connection at create time.
Types are a useful tool when you are building a UI that has connections whose appearance change under certain circumstances, or a UI that has various types of connections etc.
Probably the easiest way to explain Types is with some code. In this snippet, we'll register a Connection Type on jsPlumb, create a Connection, and then assign the Type to it:
jsPlumb.registerConnectionType("example", {
paintStyle:{ stroke:"blue", strokeWidth:5 },
hoverPaintStyle:{ stroke:"red", strokeWidth:7 }
});
var c = jsPlumb.connect({ source:"someDiv", target:"someOtherDiv" });
c.bind("click", function() {
c.setType("example");
});
Another example - a better one, in fact. Say you have a UI in which you can click to select or deselect Connections, and you want a different appearance for each state. Connection Types to the rescue!
jsPlumb.registerConnectionTypes({
"basic": {
paintStyle:{ stroke:"blue", strokeWidth:5 },
hoverPaintStyle:{ stroke:"red", strokeWidth:7 },
cssClass:"connector-normal"
},
"selected":{
paintStyle:{ stroke:"red", strokeWidth:5 },
hoverPaintStyle:{ strokeWidth: 7 },
cssClass:"connector-selected"
}
});
var c = jsPlumb.connect({ source:"someDiv", target:"someOtherDiv", type:"basic" });
c.bind("click", function() {
c.toggleType("selected");
});
Notice here how we used a different method -registerConnectionTypes
- to register a few Types at once.
Notice also the hoverPaintStyle
for the selected
Type: it declares only a strokeWidth
. As mentioned above, Types
are merged with as much granularity as possible, so that means that in this case the strokeWidth
value from selected
will be merged into the hoverPaintStyle
from basic
, and voila, red, 7 pixels.
These examples, of course, use the jsPlumb.connect
method, but in many UIs Connections are created via drag and drop.
How would you assign that basic
Type to a Connection created with drag and drop? You provide it as the Endpoint's
connectionType
parameter, like so:
var e1 = jsPlumb.addEndpoint("someDiv", {
connectionType:"basic",
isSource:true
});
var e2 = jsPlumb.addEndpoint("someOtherDiv", {
isTarget:true
});
//... user then perhaps drags a connection...or we do it programmatically:
var c = jsPlumb.connect({ source:e1, target:e2 });
// now c has type 'basic'
console.log(c.hasType("basic)); // -> true
Note that the second Endpoint we created did not have a connectionType
parameter - we didn't need it, as the source
Endpoint in the Connection had one. But we could have supplied one, and jsPlumb will use it, but only if the source
Endpoint has not declared connectionType
. This is the same way jsPlumb treats other Connector parameters such as
paintStyle
etc - the source Endpoint wins.
Not every parameter from a Connection's constructor is supported in a Connection Type - as mentioned above, Types act
pretty much like CSS classes, so the things that are supported are related to behaviour or appearance (including
the ability to set CSS classes on the UI artefacts). For instance, source
is not supported: it indicates the source
element for some particular Connection and therefore does not make sense inside a type specification: you cannot
make a Connection Type that is fixed to a specific source element. Here's the full list of supported properties in
Connection Type objects:
scope
, when
multiple types assign a CSS class, the UI artefact gets all of them written to it.Connection Types support parameterized values - values that are derived at runtime by some object you supply. Here's
the first example from above, with a parameterized value for stroke
:
jsPlumb.registerConnectionType("example", {
paintStyle:{ stroke:"${color}", strokeWidth:5 },
hoverPaintStyle:{ stroke:"red", strokeWidth:7 }
});
var c = jsPlumb.connect({ source:"someDiv", target:"someOtherDiv" });
c.bind("click", function() {
c.setType("example", { color:"blue" });
});
setType
, addType
and toggleType
all now support this optional second argument.
You can also use a parameterized Type in a jsPlumb.connect
call, by supplying a data
value:
jsPlumb.registerConnectionType("example", {
paintStyle:{ stroke:"${color}", strokeWidth:5 },
hoverPaintStyle:{ stroke:"red", strokeWidth:7 }
});
var c = jsPlumb.connect({
source:"someDiv",
target:"someOtherDiv",
type:"example",
data:{ color: "blue" }
});
Here are a few examples showing you the full Type API:
jsPlumb.registerConnectionTypes({
"foo":{ paintStyle:{ stroke:"yellow", strokeWidth:5, cssClass:"foo" } },
"bar":{ paintStyle:{ stroke:"blue", strokeWidth:10 } },
"baz":{ paintStyle:{ stroke:"green", strokeWidth:1, cssClass:"${clazz}" } },
"boz":{ paintStyle: { stroke:"${color}", strokeWidth:"${width}" } }
});
var c = jsPlumb.connect({
source:"someDiv",
target:"someOtherDiv",
type:"foo"
});
// see what types the connection has.
console.log(c.hasType("foo")); // -> true
console.log(c.hasType("bar")); // -> false
// add type 'bar'
c.addType("bar");
// toggle both types (they will be removed in this case)
c.toggleType("foo bar");
// toggle them back
c.toggleType("foo bar");
// getType returns a list of current types.
console.log(c.getType()); // -> [ "foo", "bar" ]
// set type to be 'baz' only
c.setType("baz");
// add foo and bar back in
c.addType("foo bar");
// remove baz and bar
c.removeType("baz bar");
// what are we left with? good old foo.
console.log(c.getType()); // -> [ "foo" ]
// now let's add 'boz', a parameterized type
c.addType("boz", {
color:"#456",
width:35
});
console.log(c.getType()); // -> [ "foo", "boz" ]
// now clear all types
c.clearTypes();
console.log(c.getType()); // -> [ ]
Things to note here are that every method except hasType can take a space-delimited list of Types to work with. So types work like CSS classes, basically. I think I might have mentioned that already though.
Endpoints can also be assigned one or more Types, both at creation and programmatically using the API discussed above.
The only real differences between Endpoint and Connection Types are the allowed parameters. Here's the list for Endpoints:
paintStyle
are provided, this takes precedencehoverPaintStyle
are provided, this takes precedenceStateMachine
, or [ "Flowchart", { stub:50 } ]
Note There are two sets of parameters you can use to set paint styles for Endpoints - endpointStyle
/endpointHoverStyle
and paintStyle
/hoverPaintStyle
. The idea behind this is that when you use the endpoint..
versions, you can use a single object to define a Type that is shared between Endpoints and Connectors.
One thing to be aware of is that the parameters here that are passed to Connections are only passed from a source Endpoint, not targets. Here's an example of using Endpoint Types:
jsPlumb.registerEndpointTypes({
"basic":{
paintStyle:{fill:"blue"}
},
"selected":{
paintStyle:{fill:"red"}
}
});
var e = jsPlumb.addEndpoint("someElement", {
anchor:"TopMiddle",
type:"basic"
});
e.bind("click", function() {
e.toggleType("selected");
});
So it works the same way as Connection Types. There are several parameters allowed by an Endpoint Type that affect Connections coming from that Endpoint. Note that this does not affect existing Connections. It affects only Connections that are created after you set the new Type(s) on an Endpoint.
You can use parameterized Types for Endpoints just as you can Connections:
jsPlumb.registerEndpointType("example", {
paintStyle:{ fill:"${color}"}
});
var e = jsPlumb.addEndpoint("someDiv", {
type:"example",
data:{ color: "blue" }
});
If you have one or more parameterized Types set on some object and you wish for them to change to reflect a change in
their underlying data, you can use the reapplyTypes
function:
jsPlumb.registerConnectionType("boz",{
paintStyle: {
stroke:"${color}",
strokeWidth:"${width}"
}
});
var c = jsPlumb.connect({ source:"s", target:"t" });
c.addType("boz",{ color:"green", width:23 });
.. things happen ..
c.reapplyTypes({ color:"red", width:0 });
reapplyTypes
applies the new parameters to the merged result of all Types currently set on an object.
As mentioned previously, all of the Type operations are supported by the select
and selectEndpoints
methods.
So you can do things like this:
jsPlumb.selectEndpoints({
scope:"terminal"
}).toggleType("active");
jsPlumb.select({
source:"someElement"
}).addType("highlighted available");
Obviously, in these examples, available
and highlighted
would have previously been registered on jsPlumb using the
appropriate register methods.


Achieving the halo effect in marketing. Association of MBAs. (2019, March 19). https://www.associationofmbas.com/achieving-the-halo-effect-in-marketing/.
Beckwith, N.E. & Kassarjian, H.H. & Lehmann, D.R.. (1978). Halo effects in marketing research: Review and prognosis. Advances in Consumer Research. 5. 465-467.
P. Chatterjee, Online reviews: do consumers use them? Advances in Consumer Research 28 (2001) 129–133.
Park, Do-Hyung & Kim, Sara & Han, Ingoo. (2007). The Effects of Consumer Knowledge on Message Processing of Electronic Word of Mouth via Online Consumer Reviews.. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications - ECRA. 7. 48-57. 10.1016/j.elerap.2007.12.001.
Robert J. Martorana. (2019, October 31.). How to Read Financial News Redux: The Complete Series. CFA Institute Enterprising Investor. https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/investor/2019/10/31/how-to-read-financial-news-redux-the-complete-series/.
Shelly Cai. (2019, June 19). 小红书产品体验分析报告：产品规划及前景. 人人都是产品经理. http://www.woshipm.com/evaluating/366601.html.
Vessey, Iris & Galletta, Dennis. (1991). Cognitive Fit: An Empirical Study of Information Acquisition. Information Systems Research. 2. 63-84. 10.1287/isre.2.1.63.
Xu, Z. (2021, March 15). 跟自媒体博主买基金？请小心法律雷区. 中国基金报. http://press.chnfund.com/paper/zgjjb/page/1581/2021-03/15/A009/20210315A009_pdf.pdf.
XUE Yaping. (2021, February 23). 年轻人和基金，谁收割了谁？张坤登上微博热搜. sohu.com. https://www.sohu.com/a/452197637_792551.
2020中国基民图鉴. MobTech. (2020, August 18). https://www.mob.com/mobdata/report/104.
2021年"韭零后"基民人群洞察. MobTech. (2021, March 22). https://www.mob.com/mobdata/report/129.
交银施罗德基金. (2021, March 24). [web log]. http://caifuhao.eastmoney.com/news/20210324160236288630680.
created with
Website Builder Software .


| Internal ID | Type | nlapiSubmitField | Label | Required | Help |
| amount |
poscurrency |
false |
Amount |
true |
The charge amount is shown here.
The charge amount is calculated as charge rate multiplied by charge quantity. You can manually override the charge amount. |
| billingitem |
select |
false |
Billing Item |
false |
|
| billto |
select |
false |
Customer:Project |
true |
|
| chargedate |
date |
false |
Date |
true |
|
| chargetype |
select |
false |
Charge Type |
true |
|
| class |
select |
false |
Class |
false |
|
| createddate |
datetime |
false |
Date Created |
false |
|
| currency |
select |
false |
Currency |
false |
The currency of this charge is shown here. |
| department |
select |
false |
Department |
false |
|
| description |
text |
false |
Description |
false |
Enter a description of this charge. |
| invoice |
select |
false |
Invoice |
false |
If the sales order has been billed, the invoice is shown here.
Charges that have been billed cannot be edited. |
| invoiceline |
text |
false |
Invoice Line |
false |
|
| location |
select |
false |
Location |
false |
|
| projecttask |
select |
false |
Project Task |
false |
|
| quantity |
float |
false |
Quantity |
true |
The quantity for this charge is shown here.
The quantity for a project charge is set to 1. |
| rate |
rate |
false |
Rate |
true |
The rate for this charge is shown here.
The charge rates for project charges are determined by charge rules. |
| rule |
select |
false |
Charge Rule |
false |
If this is a project charge, the charge rule used to generate this charge is shown here. |
| runid |
text |
false |
Charge Run ID |
false |
|
| salesorder |
select |
false |
Sales Order |
false |
|
| salesorderline |
select |
false |
Sales Order Line |
false |
|
| stage |
select |
false |
Charge Stage |
true |
Choose the status of this charge:

Ready - a charge must have this status in order to be billed.

Hold - a charge is given this status if it needs to be approved before it is billed or otherwise processed.

Processed - a charge with this status has been billed.

 |
| timerecord |
select |
false |
Time Entry |
false |
|
| use |
select |
false |
Charge Use |
false |
This field shows the kind of charge this record represents.
Project charges uses include:

Actual - These are charges that can be billed when in the Ready stage.

Forecast - These charges represent predicted charge amounts over the entire project's life.

 |


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The blood of the rat seeps into the altar and the door begins to glow! It rolls aside to reveal massive amount of wealth! You bring back the money to the kingdom, as there is far too much gold and jewels for any one person to possess. Perhaps the source of the sickness was not found, but with the treasure the king will surely be able to make up for this year's bad harvest. Congratulations!


We have multiple telescopes ranging in size and quality. Recently, a new 8-inch f/8 Ritchey-Chretien telescope was bought from the UTSC 50th anniversary legacy fund which we now use for astrophotography. The older 10-inch telescope is used for observations by eye.
The UTSC Observatory is currently maintained by Professor Hanno Rein. If you would like to get involved in operating the telescope simply send him an e-mail. If you want to join for one of the observing sessions sign up for the observatory mailing list here. All UTSC students, faculty and staff are welcome. We need very clear skies to see most objects other than the moon and the brightest planets. Therefore most observing sessions happen on short notice and will be announced via a mail.
We have now a webcam installed in the telescope dome, looking down the Highland Creek valley. View the latest image or watch the last one hour in a loop.
We post observing logs and pictures on our tumblr blog at utsc-telescope.tumblr.com. The image on the right shows M51, the whirlpool galaxy. It was one of the first images taken here at UTSC with the 30cm telescope. Check out tumblr for more images.


Welcome to the Jokester!
The Jokester invites you to pick a joke
1. Parachute joke
2. Buddhist joke
3. Fish Joke


Default Table
This example shows table default implementation
Custom Column
This example shows custom column definition implementation
Single Row Selection
This example shows single row selection
Multiple Row Selection
This example shows multiple row selection
Column Sorting
Use [sortable]="true"
to mark a column as an sortable one.
In this example Name
, Description
and Price
columns can be sorted.
Column Filtering
There are two ways to add filtering.
The first one is to use the column option [filterable]="true"
. This will add filter input field in the column header menu.
The second one is to use fdp-table-view-settings-filter
withing fdp-table-view-settings-dialog
. It gives ability to define filtering type. For now it supports the next types:
- single-select
- multi-select
- custom
Column Grouping
Use [groupable]="true"
to mark a column as one that can be used to group by.
Once there is at least one a groupable column the Group dialog option appears in the table toolbar. To enable grouping by some column you can use the column header menu or the Group dialog. In order to ungroup you should use only the Group dialog.
In this example Name
and Status
columns can be used to group by.
Column Freezing
Use [freezeColumnsTo]="columnKey"
to freeze columns up to and including.


Whole family including little ones
Family of adults
Friends and I
Myself!
Doesn't matter I'm staying inside!
Cold
Hot
Indifferent
Relax
Relax with some simple tourist activities
I want adventure but some time to relax!

Town for shopping!
Sea for sailing!
Mountains of hikes and bike rides!
I need fun activities to be accesible
You're crazy if you think I'm doing anything besides eating, drinkings, and partying!
I want to try something new but prefer to spend my vacation relaxing
I participate in recreational activity frequently and am confident in my ability to most recreational activities
I'm prepared for anything!


Namespace for validation code
- Source:
Namespaces
Methods
-
(static) applyRules(fieldObj) → {Array}
-
Function to apply the rules of a field object to the value of its associated element
Parameters:
Name Type Description fieldObj
Object The field object to use - Source:
Returns:
An array of failedRule objects- Type
- Array
-
(static) goToControl($messageLink) → {Boolean}
-
Function to shift focus to the field the sent $messageLink anchor links to
Parameters:
Name Type Description $messageLink
Element Anchor linking to an invalid field - Source:
Returns:
false Returns false to cancel the original click event- Type
- Boolean
-
(static) handler($source)
-
Function to validate the field objects referenced on the sent $source element
Parameters:
Name Type Description $source
Object jQuery-wrapped element containing the references - Source:
-
(static) init()
-
Function to initialise the validation namespace
- Source:
-
(static) makeInvalid(invalidFields, $triggerElement)
-
Function to display in the document the results of invalid field objects
Parameters:
Name Type Description invalidFields
Array Array of invalidField objects $triggerElement
Object jQuery-wrapped element that triggered the validation - Source:
-
(static) notify(invalidFields, jQuery-wrapped)
-
Function to add field and document level validation messaging
Parameters:
Name Type Description invalidFields
Array Array of invalidField objects jQuery-wrapped
Object element that triggered the validation - Source:
-
(static) validate(names, $triggerElement) → {Boolean}
-
Function to validate the field objects whose names are sent in
Parameters:
Name Type Description names
Array Names of the field objects to validate $triggerElement
Object jQuery-wrapped element that triggered the validation - Source:
Returns:
If the page is valid- Type
- Boolean


- agile
- Agile
- architecture
- Architecture
- big-data
- Big Data
- blog
- Blog
- build
- Build
- classics
- Classics
- clean-code
- Clean Code
- cloud
- Cloud
- computer-science
- Computer Science
- database
- Database
- ddd
- DDD
- delivery
- Delivery
- design
- Design
- design-patterns
- Design Patterns
- devops
- Devops
- essays
- Essays
- frameworks
- Frameworks
- gaming
- Gaming
- hiring
- Hiring
- html5
- HTML5
- java
- Java
- javascript
- JavaScript
- kid-programming
- Kig Programming
- languages
- Languages
- learning
- Learning
- management
- Management
- mathematics
- Mathematics
- performance
- Performance
- php
- PHP
- popular
- Popular
- productivity
- Productivity
- public-speaking
- Public Speaking
- refactoring
- Refactoring
- security
- Security
- soa
- SOA
- team
- Team
- testing
- Testing
- tools
- Tools
- ux-design
- UX Design
- web
- Web


March 21, 2018
Since the adoption of Statcast by Major League Baseball, fans have had access to pitch-by-pitch data for every regular season game. These data include pitch velocity and location, the result of the pitch, even who was playing left field at the time. Numerous tools have been built to access these data, most notably Baseball Savant, which provides a relatively straight forward user interface for finding the information you want.
I recently came across PyBaseball, a lightweight Python package that makes it simple to access Statcast as well as Baseball Reference and Fan Graphs. To give the package a spin, I created a simple dashboard using Bokeh widgets for the UI and PyBaseball for the data collection. This post aims to serve as a simple introduction to the dashboard and an overview of the steps I went through creating it. All of the code is available on GitHub as well.
The dashboard presents a very simple user interface. A user searches for a pitcher and batter, selects the appropriate name from the dropdown menus, selects the desired data range, and then the two Bokeh figures auto populate when the user clicks run.
On the left you have the location of each pitch between the two selected players in the specified time frame from the catcher's perspective, color coded by pitch type. Hovering over a pitch provides information on the pitch type, count, velocity, and result of the pitch.
On the right, there are two bar charts depicting pitch frequency. For pitchers, the percent of the time they threw each of their pitches against the individual batter and through the entire time frame. For the batter, the percent of the time they saw each type of pitch from the individual pitcher and from all pitchers faced in the time frame. Naturally, there are more unique pitch types displayed for the batter than the pitcher.
The data streaming into both plots can be filtered by count using the ball and strike selectors above them. For example, in the search above, you can see that although only about a third of the two strike pitches Lance McCullers threw to Elvis Andrus in 2017were knuckle-curves, close to 70 percent of his two-strike pitches were knuckle-curves (with good reason. That thing is dirty).
The dashboard relies entirely on Bokeh. To run it, all you need to do is navigate
to the folder the Python script is saved and run bokeh serve baseballmatchups.py
.
You will need to be using Python 3.6 for everything to run.
I ultimately only needed three modules from PyBaseball: playerid_lookup
, statcast_pitcher
, and statcast_batter
.
playerid_lookup
does exactly what the name implies: finds the ID number of a given player. The module returns a Pandas DataFrame containing the MLB Advanced Media (MLBAM), Baseball Reference, and Retrosheet ID numbers as well as their first and last year in the majors. These are pulled from a database hosted by Chadwick Baseball Bureau.
The dataset provided by Chadwick Baseball includes players who never actually competed in the majors. To account for this in the dashboard I filtered out any player with a null value for their first year in the majors.
One significant problem I still haven't decided on a solution for at this time is how to handle players with the same name. Right now I just include the player's MLBAM ID, but that is only useful if you know what that even means.
I'm considering using some of the other search modules in PyBaseball to find a player's most recent team and including that in the dropdown.
The other two modules used - statcast_pitcher
and statcast_batter
both pull Statcast data for the players.
Using the MLBAM ID and start and end dates for your query, they fetch pitch level data from Statcast and return it in a nice DataFrame.
Once you have that, it can be filtered as needed.
I found that anytime I tried to run a query for before the 2017 season I hit ran into a variety of errors. I haven't done enough digging to find their root cause at this time. For now I simply restricted the earlies search date to be April 2017.
The entire UI of the dashboard was built using Bokeh widgets. The text inputs, dropdowns, and buttons are all mapped to functions that retrieve and analyze data before pushing it to the plots.
Aside from general aesthetic improvements, there are a few technical issues I plan on working on.
First, I want to parallelize some of the queries. Everything runs pretty fast as is, but I see no reason why the data munging that goes on separately for the pitcher and batter can't be done at once.
Second, because I decided it would be useful to rename each event in the Statcast data (e.g. grounded_into_double_play
becomes just Double Play
), there is occasionally an error when the data includes and event I haven't set a key/value pair for yet. My general approach so far has been to simply add the new values as I run into them.
Third, right now the only way to see if you have an error is to look at the command line output. I want to add some sort of notification system so these bugs don't go unnoticed. This is particularly important because the search modules don't catch simple things like spelling errors. As a result, a user has no way of knowing if they made a mistake somewhere or if it is just taking a long time to run.
The goal of this project was to create a simple dashboard that used a few of PyBaseball's capabilities. There are still plenty of tweaks I can make, as mentioned above, and I welcome any feedback or contributions. If you're interested in more baseball related applications, I highly recommend checking out Baseball Savant. Daren Willman has put together a very expansive array of tools including a 3D pitch visualization that has very similar information to what I've created.
One last thing, I promise I don't type as slow as the GIF included earlier in this post makes it look. For some reason when I converted the screen capture from an MP4 to a GIF everything became slower.
Last Updated: March 21, 2018
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Hello ! You are on Mickael Hubert's website and this is ITMO444 !
Click here to access to the second page.
Click here to access to the Gallery.


Uploading a Skin and/or Container
How to upload skins and or container using the Host Settings page.
- Navigate to Host > Host Settings.
- Click the Upload Skin/Container button located at the base of the module.
- Complete all steps of the Install Extension Wizard. See "Using the Install Extension Wizard"


| 1 |
61 |
68 kg |
0.5 mg per day |
15 |
3 weeks |
Arterial hypertension treated with enalapril 10 mg/day |
Subjective fever and headache during 5 days |
68-Year-old aunt who lived with her, with arterial hypertension. She died in the ICU due to ARDS and multi-system failure |
| 2 |
57 |
74 kg |
1 mg per day |
12 |
2 weeks before diagnosis and 1 week after |
Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin |
Headache during 3 days and dry cough without dyspnea |
45-Year-old sister hospitalized for dyspnea, did not require an ICU.
25-year-old cousin with mild cough and headache
|
| 3 |
48 |
66 kg |
0.5 mg per day |
8 |
1 week |
Hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine 100 mcg/day |
Headache during 5 days and mild cough |
Husband with headache and dry cough. Children of 14 and 19 years old were asymptomatic |
| 4 |
38 |
52 kg |
0.5 mg per day |
6 |
3 weeks |
Fibromyalgia after biopolymers injections |
Dry cough without dyspnea. Myalgias during 5 days |
56-Year-old cousin died. She does not live with her but has close contact (birthday celebration) |
| 5 |
45 |
62 kg |
0.5 mg per day |
10 |
2 weeks |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis |
Nonspecific arthralgias, subjective fever, and odynophagia |
86-Year-old grandmother who lived with her, with arterial hypertension died |


Porting to the Buffer.from/Buffer.alloc API
Overview
- Variant 1: Drop support for Node.js ≤ 4.4.x and 5.0.0 — 5.9.x. (recommended)
- Variant 2: Use a polyfill
- Variant 3: manual detection, with safeguards
Finding problematic bits of code using grep
Just run grep -nrE '[^a-zA-Z](Slow)?Buffer\s*\(' --exclude-dir node_modules
.
It will find all the potentially unsafe places in your own code (with some considerably unlikely exceptions).
Finding problematic bits of code using Node.js 8
If you’re using Node.js ≥ 8.0.0 (which is recommended), Node.js exposes multiple options that help with finding the relevant pieces of code:
--trace-warnings
will make Node.js show a stack trace for this warning and other warnings that are printed by Node.js.--trace-deprecation
does the same thing, but only for deprecation warnings.--pending-deprecation
will show more types of deprecation warnings. In particular, it will show theBuffer()
deprecation warning, even on Node.js 8.
You can set these flags using an environment variable:
$ export NODE_OPTIONS='--trace-warnings --pending-deprecation'
$ cat example.js
'use strict';
const foo = new Buffer('foo');
$ node example.js
(node:7147) [DEP0005] DeprecationWarning: The Buffer() and new Buffer() constructors are not recommended for use due to security and usability concerns. Please use the new Buffer.alloc(), Buffer.allocUnsafe(), or Buffer.from() construction methods instead.
at showFlaggedDeprecation (buffer.js:127:13)
at new Buffer (buffer.js:148:3)
at Object.<anonymous> (/path/to/example.js:2:13)
[... more stack trace lines ...]
Finding problematic bits of code using linters
Eslint rules no-buffer-constructor
or
node/no-deprecated-api
also find calls to deprecated Buffer()
API. Those rules are included in some pre-sets.
There is a drawback, though, that it doesn’t always
work correctly when Buffer
is
overriden e.g. with a polyfill, so recommended is a combination of this and some other method
described above.
Variant 1: Drop support for Node.js ≤ 4.4.x and 5.0.0 — 5.9.x.
This is the recommended solution nowadays that would imply only minimal overhead.
The Node.js 5.x release line has been unsupported since July 2016, and the Node.js 4.x release line reaches its End of Life in April 2018 (→ Schedule). This means that these versions of Node.js will not receive any updates, even in case of security issues, so using these release lines should be avoided, if at all possible.
What you would do in this case is to convert all new Buffer()
or Buffer()
calls to use Buffer.alloc()
or Buffer.from()
, in the following way:
- For
new Buffer(number)
, replace it withBuffer.alloc(number)
. - For
new Buffer(string)
(ornew Buffer(string, encoding)
), replace it withBuffer.from(string)
(orBuffer.from(string, encoding)
). - For all other combinations of arguments (these are much rarer), also replace
new Buffer(...arguments)
withBuffer.from(...arguments)
.
Note that Buffer.alloc()
is also faster on the current Node.js versions than
new Buffer(size).fill(0)
, which is what you would otherwise need to ensure zero-filling.
Enabling eslint rule no-buffer-constructor or node/no-deprecated-api is recommended to avoid accidential unsafe Buffer API usage.
There is also a JSCodeshift codemod
for automatically migrating Buffer constructors to Buffer.alloc()
or Buffer.from()
.
Note that it currently only works with cases where the arguments are literals or where the
constructor is invoked with two arguments.
If you currently support those older Node.js versions and dropping them would be a semver-major change for you, or if you support older branches of your packages, consider using Variant 2 or Variant 3 on older branches, so people using those older branches will also receive the fix. That way, you will eradicate potential issues caused by unguarded Buffer API usage and your users will not observe a runtime deprecation warning when running your code on Node.js 10.
Variant 2: Use a polyfill
Utilize safer-buffer as a polyfill to support older Node.js versions.
You would take exacly the same steps as in Variant 1, but with a polyfill
const Buffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer
in all files where you use the new Buffer
api.
Make sure that you do not use old new Buffer
API — in any files where the line above is added,
using old new Buffer()
API will throw. It will be easy to notice that in CI, though.
Alternatively, you could use buffer-from and/or
buffer-alloc ponyfills —
those are great, the only downsides being 4 deps in the tree and slightly more code changes to
migrate off them (as you would be using e.g. Buffer.from
under a different name). If you need only
Buffer.from
polyfilled — buffer-from
alone which comes with no extra dependencies.
Alternatively, you could use safe-buffer — it also
provides a polyfill, but takes a different approach which has
it’s drawbacks. It will allow you
to also use the older new Buffer()
API in your code, though — but that’s arguably a benefit, as
it is problematic, can cause issues in your code, and will start emitting runtime deprecation
warnings starting with Node.js 10.
Note that in either case, it is important that you also remove all calls to the old Buffer
API manually — just throwing in safe-buffer
doesn’t fix the problem by itself, it just provides
a polyfill for the new API. I have seen people doing that mistake.
Enabling eslint rule no-buffer-constructor or node/no-deprecated-api is recommended.
Don’t forget to drop the polyfill usage once you drop support for Node.js < 4.5.0.
Variant 3 — manual detection, with safeguards
This is useful if you create Buffer instances in only a few places (e.g. one), or you have your own wrapper around them.
Buffer(0)
This special case for creating empty buffers can be safely replaced with Buffer.concat([])
, which
returns the same result all the way down to Node.js 0.8.x.
Buffer(notNumber)
Before:
var buf = new Buffer(notNumber, encoding);
After:
var buf;
if (Buffer.from && Buffer.from !== Uint8Array.from) {
buf = Buffer.from(notNumber, encoding);
} else {
if (typeof notNumber === 'number')
throw new Error('The "size" argument must be of type number.');
buf = new Buffer(notNumber, encoding);
}
encoding
is optional.
Note that the typeof notNumber
before new Buffer
is required (for cases when notNumber
argument is not
hard-coded) and is not caused by the deprecation of Buffer constructor — it’s exactly why the
Buffer constructor is deprecated. Ecosystem packages lacking this type-check caused numereous
security issues — situations when unsanitized user input could end up in the Buffer(arg)
create
problems ranging from DoS to leaking sensitive information to the attacker from the process memory.
When notNumber
argument is hardcoded (e.g. literal "abc"
or [0,1,2]
), the typeof
check can
be omitted.
Also note that using TypeScript does not fix this problem for you — when libs written in
TypeScript
are used from JS, or when user input ends up there — it behaves exactly as pure JS, as
all type checks are translation-time only and are not present in the actual JS code which TS
compiles to.
Buffer(number)
For Node.js 0.10.x (and below) support:
var buf;
if (Buffer.alloc) {
buf = Buffer.alloc(number);
} else {
buf = new Buffer(number);
buf.fill(0);
}
Otherwise (Node.js ≥ 0.12.x):
const buf = Buffer.alloc ? Buffer.alloc(number) : new Buffer(number).fill(0);
Regarding Buffer.allocUnsafe
Be extra cautious when using Buffer.allocUnsafe
:
- Don’t use it if you don’t have a good reason to
- e.g. you probably won’t ever see a performance difference for small buffers, in fact, those
might be even faster with
Buffer.alloc()
, - if your code is not in the hot code path — you also probably won’t notice a difference,
- keep in mind that zero-filling minimizes the potential risks.
- e.g. you probably won’t ever see a performance difference for small buffers, in fact, those
might be even faster with
- If you use it, make sure that you never return the buffer in a partially-filled state,
- if you are writing to it sequentially — always truncate it to the actuall written length
Errors in handling buffers allocated with Buffer.allocUnsafe
could result in various issues,
ranged from undefined behaviour of your code to sensitive data (user input, passwords, certs)
leaking to the remote attacker.
Note that the same applies to new Buffer
usage without zero-filling, depending on the Node.js
version (and lacking type checks also adds DoS to the list of potential problems).
FAQ
What is wrong with the Buffer
constructor?
The Buffer
constructor could be used to create a buffer in many different ways:
new Buffer(42)
creates aBuffer
of 42 bytes. Before Node.js 8, this buffer contained arbitrary memory for performance reasons, which could include anything ranging from program source code to passwords and encryption keys.new Buffer('abc')
creates aBuffer
that contains the UTF-8-encoded version of the string'abc'
. A second argument could specify another encoding: For example,new Buffer(string, 'base64')
could be used to convert a Base64 string into the original sequence of bytes that it represents.- There are several other combinations of arguments.
This meant that, in code like var buffer = new Buffer(foo);
, it is not possible to tell
what exactly the contents of the generated buffer are without knowing the type of foo
.
Sometimes, the value of foo
comes from an external source. For example, this function
could be exposed as a service on a web server, converting a UTF-8 string into its Base64 form:
function stringToBase64(req, res) {
// The request body should have the format of `{ string: 'foobar' }`
const rawBytes = new Buffer(req.body.string)
const encoded = rawBytes.toString('base64')
res.end({ encoded: encoded })
}
Note that this code does not validate the type of req.body.string
:
req.body.string
is expected to be a string. If this is the case, all goes well.req.body.string
is controlled by the client that sends the request.- If
req.body.string
is the number50
, therawBytes
would be 50 bytes:- Before Node.js 8, the content would be uninitialized
- After Node.js 8, the content would be
50
bytes with the value0
Because of the missing type check, an attacker could intentionally send a number as part of the request. Using this, they can either:
- Read uninitialized memory. This will leak passwords, encryption keys and other kinds of sensitive information. (Information leak)
- Force the program to allocate a large amount of memory. For example, when specifying
500000000
as the input value, each request will allocate 500MB of memory. This can be used to either exhaust the memory available of a program completely and make it crash, or slow it down significantly. (Denial of Service)
Both of these scenarios are considered serious security issues in a real-world web server context.
when using Buffer.from(req.body.string)
instead, passing a number will always
throw an exception instead, giving a controlled behaviour that can always be
handled by the program.
The Buffer()
constructor has been deprecated for a while. Is this really an issue?
Surveys of code in the npm
ecosystem have shown that the Buffer()
constructor is still
widely used. This includes new code, and overall usage of such code has actually been
increasing.


Did RNC pay $94,800 to Books-a-Million to goose Don Trump Jr.'s 'Triggered' book sales?
by Xeni JardinThis sure is curious!
Tweets New York Times investigative reporter Nick Confessore today:
New FEC disclosures show a single large RNC payment of $94,800 to Books-a-Million in October, a few days before "Triggered" was released. An RNC spokesman confirmed that the expenditure was connected to their promotion of Don Trump Jr.'s book.
Oh boy.
Purpose of disbursement: donor memos. lol.