frequents the strata lying miles below the surface of the water, it
must necessarily possess an organisation the strength of which would
defy all comparison."
"And why this powerful organisation?" demanded Ned.
"Because it requires incalculable strength to keep one's self in these
strata and resist their pressure. Listen to me. Let us admit that the
pressure of the atmosphere is represented by the weight of a column of
water thirty-two feet high. In reality the column of water would be
shorter, as we are speaking of sea water, the density of which is
greater than that of fresh water. Very well, when you dive, Ned, as
many times 32 feet of water as there are above you, so many times does
your body bear a pressure equal to that of the atmosphere, that is to
say, 15 lb. for each square inch of its surface. It follows, then,
that at 320 feet this pressure equals that of 10 atmospheres, of 100
atmospheres at 3,200 feet, and of 1,000 atmospheres at 32,000 feet,
that is, about 6 miles; which is equivalent to saying that if you could
attain this depth in the ocean, each square three-eighths of an inch of
the surface of your body would bear a pressure of 5,600 lb. Ah! my
brave Ned, do you know how many square inches you carry on the surface
of your body?"
"I have no idea, Mr. Aronnax."
"About 6,500; and as in reality the atmospheric pressure is about 15
lb. to the square inch, your 6,500 square inches bear at this moment a
pressure of 97,500 lb."
"Without my perceiving it?"
"Without your perceiving it. And if you are not crushed by such a
pressure, it is because the air penetrates the interior of your body
with equal pressure. Hence perfect equilibrium between the interior
and exterior pressure, which thus neutralise each other, and which
allows you to bear it without inconvenience. But in the water it is
another thing."
"Yes, I understand," replied Ned, becoming more attentive; "because the
water surrounds me, but does not penetrate."
"Precisely, Ned: so that at 32 feet beneath the surface of the sea you
would undergo a pressure of 97,500 lb.; at 320 feet, ten times that
pressure; at 3,200 feet, a hundred times that pressure; lastly, at
32,000 feet, a thousand times that pressure would be 97,500,000
lb.--that is to say, that you would be flattened as if you had been
drawn from the plates of a hydraulic machine!"
"The devil!" exclaimed Ned.
"Very well, my worthy harpooner, if some vertebrate, several hundred
yards long, and large in proportion, can maintain itself in such
depths--of those whose surface is represented by millions of square
inches, that is by tens of millions of pounds, we must estimate the
pressure they undergo. Consider, then, what must be the resistance of
their bony structure, and the strength of their organisation to
withstand such pressure!"
"Why!" exclaimed Ned Land, "they must be made of iron plates eight
inches thick, like the armoured frigates."
"As you say, Ned. And think what destruction such a mass would cause,
if hurled with the speed of an express train against the hull of a
vessel."
"Yes--certainly--perhaps," replied the Canadian, shaken by these
figures, but not yet willing to give in.
"Well, have I convinced you?"
"You have convinced me of one thing, sir, which is that, if such
animals do exist at the bottom of the seas, they must necessarily be as
strong as you say."
"But if they do not exist, mine obstinate harpooner, how explain the
accident to the Scotia?"
CHAPTER V
AT A VENTURE
The voyage of the Abraham Lincoln was for a long time marked by no
special incident. But one circumstance happened which showed the
wonderful dexterity of Ned Land, and proved what confidence we might
place in him.
The 30th of June, the frigate spoke some American whalers, from whom we
learned that they knew nothing about the narwhal. But one of them, the
captain of the Monroe, knowing that Ned Land had shipped on board the
Abraham Lincoln, begged for his help in chasing a whale they had in
sight. Commander Farragut, desirous of seeing Ned Land at work, gave
him permission to go on board the Monroe. And fate served our Canadian
so well that, instead of one whale, he harpooned two with a double
blow, striking one straight to the heart, and catching the other after
some minutes' pursuit.
Decidedly, if the monster ever had to do with Ned Land's harpoon, I
would not bet in its favour.
The frigate skirted the south-east coast of America with great
rapidity. The 3rd of July we were at the opening of the Straits of
Magellan, level with Cape Vierges. But Commander Farragut would not
take a tortuous passage, but doubled Cape Horn.
The ship's crew agreed with him. And certainly it was possible that
they might meet the narwhal in this narrow pass. Many of the sailors
affirmed that the monster could not pass there, "that he was too big
for that!"
The 6th of July, about three o'clock in the afternoon, the Abraham
Lincoln, at fifteen miles to the south, doubled the solitary island,
this lost rock at the extremity of the American continent, to which
some Dutch sailors gave the name of their native town, Cape Horn. The
course was taken towards the north-west, and the next day the screw of
the frigate was at last beating the waters of the Pacific.
"Keep your eyes open!" called out the sailors.
And they were opened widely. Both eyes and glasses, a little dazzled,
it is true, by the prospect of two thousand dollars, had not an
instant's repose.
I myself, for whom money had no charms, was not the least attentive on
board. Giving but few minutes to my meals, but a few hours to sleep,
indifferent to either rain or sunshine, I did not leave the poop of the
vessel. Now leaning on the netting of the forecastle, now on the
taffrail, I devoured with eagerness the soft foam which whitened the
sea as far as the eye could reach; and how often have I shared the
emotion of the majority of the crew, when some capricious whale raised
its black back above the waves! The poop of the vessel was crowded on
a moment. The cabins poured forth a torrent of sailors and officers,
each with heaving breast and troubled eye watching the course of the
cetacean. I looked and looked till I was nearly blind, whilst Conseil
kept repeating in a calm voice:
"If, sir, you would not squint so much, you would see better!"
But vain excitement! The Abraham Lincoln checked its speed and made
for the animal signalled, a simple whale, or common cachalot, which
soon disappeared amidst a storm of abuse.
But the weather was good. The voyage was being accomplished under the
most favourable auspices. It was then the bad season in Australia, the
July of that zone corresponding to our January in Europe, but the sea
was beautiful and easily scanned round a vast circumference.
The 20th of July, the tropic of Capricorn was cut by 105d of longitude,
and the 27th of the same month we crossed the Equator on the 110th
meridian. This passed, the frigate took a more decided westerly
direction, and scoured the central waters of the Pacific. Commander
Farragut thought, and with reason, that it was better to remain in deep
water, and keep clear of continents or islands, which the beast itself
seemed to shun (perhaps because there was not enough water for him!
suggested the greater part of the crew). The frigate passed at some
distance from the Marquesas and the Sandwich Islands, crossed the
tropic of Cancer, and made for the China Seas. We were on the theatre
of the last diversions of the monster: and, to say truth, we no longer
LIVED on board. The entire ship's crew were undergoing a nervous
excitement, of which I can give no idea: they could not eat, they
could not sleep--twenty times a day, a misconception or an optical
illusion of some sailor seated on the taffrail, would cause dreadful
perspirations, and these emotions, twenty times repeated, kept us in a
state of excitement so violent that a reaction was unavoidable.
And truly, reaction soon showed itself. For three months, during which
a day seemed an age, the Abraham Lincoln furrowed all the waters of the
Northern Pacific, running at whales, making sharp deviations from her
course, veering suddenly from one tack to another, stopping suddenly,
putting on steam, and backing ever and anon at the risk of deranging
her machinery, and not one point of the Japanese or American coast was
left unexplored.
The warmest partisans of the enterprise now became its most ardent
detractors. Reaction mounted from the crew to the captain himself, and
certainly, had it not been for the resolute determination on the part
of Captain Farragut, the frigate would have headed due southward. This
useless search could not last much longer. The Abraham Lincoln had
nothing to reproach herself with, she had done her best to succeed.
Never had an American ship's crew shown more zeal or patience; its
failure could not be placed to their charge--there remained nothing but
to return.
This was represented to the commander. The sailors could not hide
their discontent, and the service suffered. I will not say there was a
mutiny on board, but after a reasonable period of obstinacy, Captain
Farragut (as Columbus did) asked for three days' patience. If in three
days the monster did not appear, the man at the helm should give three
turns of the wheel, and the Abraham Lincoln would make for the European
seas.
This promise was made on the 2nd of November. It had the effect of
rallying the ship's crew. The ocean was watched with renewed
attention. Each one wished for a last glance in which to sum up his
remembrance. Glasses were used with feverish activity. It was a grand
defiance given to the giant narwhal, and he could scarcely fail to
answer the summons and "appear."
Two days passed, the steam was at half pressure; a thousand schemes
were tried to attract the attention and stimulate the apathy of the
animal in case it should be met in those parts. Large quantities of
bacon were trailed in the wake of the ship, to the great satisfaction
(I must say) of the sharks. Small craft radiated in all directions
round the Abraham Lincoln as she lay to, and did not leave a spot of
the sea unexplored. But the night of the 4th of November arrived
without the unveiling of this submarine mystery.
The next day, the 5th of November, at twelve, the delay would (morally
speaking) expire; after that time, Commander Farragut, faithful to his
promise, was to turn the course to the south-east and abandon for ever
the northern regions of the Pacific.
The frigate was then in 31° 15' N. lat. and 136° 42' E. long.
The coast of Japan still remained less than two hundred miles to
leeward. Night was approaching. They had just struck eight bells;
large clouds veiled the face of the moon, then in its first quarter.
The sea undulated peaceably under the stern of the vessel.
At that moment I was leaning forward on the starboard netting.
Conseil, standing near me, was looking straight before him. The crew,
perched in the ratlines, examined the horizon which contracted and
darkened by degrees. Officers with their night glasses scoured the
growing darkness: sometimes the ocean sparkled under the rays of the
moon, which darted between two clouds, then all trace of light was lost
in the darkness.
In looking at Conseil, I could see he was undergoing a little of the
general influence. At least I thought so. Perhaps for the first time
his nerves vibrated to a sentiment of curiosity.
"Come, Conseil," said I, "this is the last chance of pocketing the two
thousand dollars."
"May I be permitted to say, sir," replied Conseil, "that I never
reckoned on getting the prize; and, had the government of the Union
offered a hundred thousand dollars, it would have been none the poorer."
"You are right, Conseil. It is a foolish affair after all, and one
upon which we entered too lightly. What time lost, what useless
emotions! We should have been back in France six months ago."
"In your little room, sir," replied Conseil, "and in your museum, sir;
and I should have already classed all your fossils, sir. And the
Babiroussa would have been installed in its cage in the Jardin des
Plantes, and have drawn all the curious people of the capital!"
"As you say, Conseil. I fancy we shall run a fair chance of being
laughed at for our pains."
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"That's tolerably certain," replied Conseil, quietly; "I think they
will make fun of you, sir. And, must I say it----?"
"Go on, my good friend."
"Well, sir, you will only get your deserts."
"Indeed!"
"When one has the honour of being a _savant_ as you are, sir, one should
not expose one's self to----"
Conseil had not time to finish his compliment. In the midst of general
silence a voice had just been heard. It was the voice of Ned Land
shouting:
"Look out there! The very thing we are looking for--on our weather
beam!"
CHAPTER VI
AT FULL STEAM
At this cry the whole ship's crew hurried towards the
harpooner--commander, officers, masters, sailors, cabin boys; even the
engineers left their engines, and the stokers their furnaces.
The order to stop her had been given, and the frigate now simply went
on by her own momentum. The darkness was then profound, and, however
good the Canadian's eyes were, I asked myself how he had managed to
see, and what he had been able to see. My heart beat as if it would
break. But Ned Land was not mistaken, and we all perceived the object
he pointed to. At two cables' length from the Abraham Lincoln, on the
starboard quarter, the sea seemed to be illuminated all over. It was
not a mere phosphoric phenomenon. The monster emerged some fathoms
from the water, and then threw out that very intense but mysterious
light mentioned in the report of several captains. This magnificent
irradiation must have been produced by an agent of great SHINING power.
The luminous part traced on the sea an immense oval, much elongated,
the centre of which condensed a burning heat, whose overpowering
brilliancy died out by successive gradations.
"It is only a massing of phosphoric particles," cried one of the
officers.
"No, sir, certainly not," I replied. "That brightness is of an
essentially electrical nature. Besides, see, see! it moves; it is
moving forwards, backwards; it is darting towards us!"
A general cry arose from the frigate.
"Silence!" said the captain. "Up with the helm, reverse the engines."

"Right the helm, go ahead," cried the captain.
These orders were executed, and the frigate moved rapidly from the
burning light.
I was mistaken. She tried to sheer off, but the supernatural animal
approached with a velocity double her own.
We gasped for breath.  The animal gained on us, sporting with the waves. It made
the round of the frigate, which was then making fourteen knots, and
enveloped it with its electric rings like luminous dust.
Then it moved away two or three miles, leaving a phosphorescent track,
like those volumes of steam that the express trains leave behind. All
at once from the dark line of the horizon whither it retired to gain
its momentum, the monster rushed suddenly towards the Abraham Lincoln
with alarming rapidity, stopped suddenly about twenty feet from the
hull, and died out--not diving under the water, for its brilliancy did
not abate--but suddenly, and as if the source of this brilliant
emanation was exhausted. Then it reappeared on the other side of the
vessel, as if it had turned and slid under the hull. Any moment a
collision might have occurred which would have been fatal to us.
However, I was astonished at the manoeuvres of the frigate. She fled
and did not attack.
On the captain's face, generally so impassive, was an expression of
unaccountable astonishment.
"Mr. Aronnax," he said, "I do not know with what formidable being I
have to deal, and I will not imprudently risk my frigate in the midst
of this darkness. Besides, how attack this unknown thing, how defend
one's self from it? Wait for daylight, and the scene will change."
"You have no further doubt, captain, of the nature of the animal?"
"No, sir; it is evidently a gigantic narwhal, and an electric one."
"Perhaps," added I, "one can only approach it with a torpedo."
"Undoubtedly," replied the captain, "if it possesses such dreadful
power, it is the most terrible animal that ever was created. That is
why, sir, I must be on my guard."
The crew were on their feet all night. No one thought of sleep. The
Abraham Lincoln, not being able to struggle with such velocity, had
moderated its pace, and sailed at half speed. For its part, the
narwhal, imitating the frigate, let the waves rock it at will, and
seemed decided not to leave the scene of the struggle. Towards
midnight, however, it disappeared, or, to use a more appropriate term,
it "died out" like a large glow-worm. Had it fled? One could only
fear, not hope it. But at seven minutes to one o'clock in the morning
a deafening whistling was heard, like that produced by a body of water
rushing with great violence.
The captain, Ned Land, and I were then on the poop, eagerly peering
through the profound darkness.
"Ned Land," asked the commander, "you have often heard the roaring of
whales?"
"Often, sir; but never such whales the sight of which brought me in two
thousand dollars. If I can only approach within four harpoons' length
of it!"
"But to approach it," said the commander, "I ought to put a whaler at
your disposal?"
"Certainly, sir."
"That will be trifling with the lives of my men."
"And mine too," simply said the harpooner.
Towards two o'clock in the morning, the burning light reappeared, not
less intense, about five miles to windward of the Abraham Lincoln.
Notwithstanding the distance, and the noise of the wind and sea, one
heard distinctly the loud strokes of the animal's tail, and even its
panting breath. It seemed that, at the moment that the enormous
narwhal had come to take breath at the surface of the water, the air
was engulfed in its lungs, like the steam in the vast cylinders of a
machine of two thousand horse-power.
"Hum!" thought I, "a whale with the strength of a cavalry regiment
would be a pretty whale!"
We were on the qui vive till daylight, and prepared for the combat.
The fishing implements were laid along the hammock nettings. The
second lieutenant loaded the blunder busses, which could throw harpoons
to the distance of a mile, and long duck-guns, with explosive bullets,
which inflicted mortal wounds even to the most terrible animals. Ned
Land contented himself with sharpening his harpoon--a terrible weapon
in his hands.
At six o'clock day began to break; and, with the first glimmer of
light, the electric light of the narwhal disappeared. At seven o'clock
the day was sufficiently advanced, but a very thick sea fog obscured
our view, and the best spy glasses could not pierce it. That caused
disappointment and anger.
I climbed the mizzen-mast. Some officers were already perched on the
mast-heads. At eight o'clock the fog lay heavily on the waves, and its
thick scrolls rose little by little. The horizon grew wider and
clearer at the same time. Suddenly, just as on the day before, Ned
Land's voice was heard:
"The thing itself on the port quarter!" cried the harpooner.
Every eye was turned towards the point indicated. There, a mile and a
half from the frigate, a long blackish body emerged a yard above the
waves. Its tail, violently agitated, produced a considerable eddy.
Never did a tail beat the sea with such violence. An immense track, of
dazzling whiteness, marked the passage of the animal, and described a
long curve.
The frigate approached the cetacean. I examined it thoroughly.
The reports of the Shannon and of the Helvetia had rather exaggerated
its size, and I estimated its length at only two hundred and fifty
feet. As to its dimensions, I could only conjecture them to be
admirably proportioned. While I watched this phenomenon, two jets of
steam and water were ejected from its vents, and rose to the height of
120 feet; thus I ascertained its way of breathing. I concluded
definitely that it belonged to the vertebrate branch, class mammalia.
The crew waited impatiently for their chief's orders. The latter,
after having observed the animal attentively, called the engineer. The
engineer ran to him.
"Sir," said the commander, "you have steam up?"
"Yes, sir," answered the engineer.
"Well, make up your fires and put on all steam."
Three hurrahs greeted this order. The time for the struggle had
arrived. Some moments after, the two funnels of the frigate vomited
torrents of black smoke, and the bridge quaked under the trembling of
the boilers.
The Abraham Lincoln, propelled by her wonderful screw, went straight at
the animal. The latter allowed it to come within half a cable's
length; then, as if disdaining to dive, it took a little turn, and
stopped a short distance off.
This pursuit lasted nearly three-quarters of an hour, without the
frigate gaining two yards on the cetacean. It was quite evident that
at that rate we should never come up with it.
"Well, Mr. Land," asked the captain, "do you advise me to put the boats
out to sea?"
"No, sir," replied Ned Land; "because we shall not take that beast
easily."
"What shall we do then?"
"Put on more steam if you can, sir. With your leave, I mean to post
myself under the bowsprit, and, if we get within harpooning distance, I
shall throw my harpoon."
"Go, Ned," said the captain. "Engineer, put on more pressure."
Ned Land went to his post. The fires were increased, the screw
revolved forty-three times a minute, and the steam poured out of the
valves. We heaved the log, and calculated that the Abraham Lincoln was
going at the rate of 18 1/2 miles an hour.
But the accursed animal swam at the same speed.
For a whole hour the frigate kept up this pace, without gaining six
feet. It was humiliating for one of the swiftest sailers in the
American navy. A stubborn anger seized the crew; the sailors abused
the monster, who, as before, disdained to answer them; the captain no
longer contented himself with twisting his beard--he gnawed it.
The engineer was called again.
"You have turned full steam on?"
"Yes, sir," replied the engineer.
The speed of the Abraham Lincoln increased. Its masts trembled down to
their stepping holes, and the clouds of smoke could hardly find way out
of the narrow funnels.
They heaved the log a second time.
"Well?" asked the captain of the man at the wheel.
"Nineteen miles and three-tenths, sir."
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"Clap on more steam."
The engineer obeyed. The manometer showed ten degrees. But the
cetacean grew warm itself, no doubt; for without straining itself, it
made 19 3/10 miles.
What a pursuit! No, I cannot describe the emotion that vibrated
through me. Ned Land kept his post, harpoon in hand. Several times
the animal let us gain upon it.--"We shall catch it! we shall catch
it!" cried the Canadian. But just as he was going to strike, the
cetacean stole away with a rapidity that could not be estimated at less
than thirty miles an hour, and even during our maximum of speed, it
bullied the frigate, going round and round it. A cry of fury broke
from everyone!
At noon we were no further advanced than at eight o'clock in the
morning.
The captain then decided to take more direct means.
"Ah!" said he, "that animal goes quicker than the Abraham Lincoln.
Very well! we will see whether it will escape these conical bullets.
Send your men to the forecastle, sir."
The forecastle gun was immediately loaded and slewed round. But the
shot passed some feet above the cetacean, which was half a mile off.
"Another, more to the right," cried the commander, "and five dollars to
whoever will hit that infernal beast."
An old gunner with a grey beard--that I can see now--with steady eye
and grave face, went up to the gun and took a long aim. A loud report
was heard, with which were mingled the cheers of the crew.
The bullet did its work; it hit the animal, and, sliding off the
rounded surface, was lost in two miles depth of sea.
The chase began again, and the captain, leaning towards me, said:
"I will pursue that beast till my frigate bursts up."
"Yes," answered I; "and you will be quite right to do it."
I wished the beast would exhaust itself, and not be insensible to
fatigue like a steam engine. But it was of no use. Hours passed,
without its showing any signs of exhaustion.
However, it must be said in praise of the Abraham Lincoln that she
struggled on indefatigably. I cannot reckon the distance she made
under three hundred miles during this unlucky day, November the 6th.
But night came on, and overshadowed the rough ocean.
Now I thought our expedition was at an end, and that we should never
again see the extraordinary animal. I was mistaken. At ten minutes to
eleven in the evening, the electric light reappeared three miles to
windward of the frigate, as pure, as intense as during the preceding
night.
The narwhal seemed motionless; perhaps, tired with its day's work, it
slept, letting itself float with the undulation of the waves. Now was
a chance of which the captain resolved to take advantage.
He gave his orders. The Abraham Lincoln kept up half steam, and
advanced cautiously so as not to awake its adversary. It is no rare
thing to meet in the middle of the ocean whales so sound asleep that
they can be successfully attacked, and Ned Land had harpooned more than
one during its sleep. The Canadian went to take his place again under
the bowsprit.
The frigate approached noiselessly, stopped at two cables' lengths from
the animal, and following its track. No one breathed; a deep silence
reigned on the bridge. We were not a hundred feet from the burning
focus, the light of which increased and dazzled our eyes.
At this moment, leaning on the forecastle bulwark, I saw below me Ned
Land grappling the martingale in one hand, brandishing his terrible
harpoon in the other, scarcely twenty feet from the motionless animal.
Suddenly his arm straightened, and the harpoon was thrown; I heard the
sonorous stroke of the weapon, which seemed to have struck a hard body.
The electric light went out suddenly, and two enormous waterspouts
broke over the bridge of the frigate, rushing like a torrent from stem
to stern, overthrowing men, and breaking the lashings of the spars. A
fearful shock followed, and, thrown over the rail without having time
to stop myself, I fell into the sea.
CHAPTER VII
AN UNKNOWN SPECIES OF WHALE
This unexpected fall so stunned me that I have no clear recollection of
my sensations at the time. I was at first drawn down to a depth of
about twenty feet. I am a good swimmer (though without pretending to
rival Byron or Edgar Poe, who were masters of the art), and in that
plunge I did not lose my presence of mind. Two vigorous strokes
brought me to the surface of the water. My first care was to look for
the frigate. Had the crew seen me disappear? Had the Abraham Lincoln
veered round? Would the captain put out a boat? Might I hope to be
saved?
The darkness was intense. I caught a glimpse of a black mass
disappearing in the east, its beacon lights dying out in the distance.
It was the frigate! I was lost.
"Help, help!" I shouted, swimming towards the Abraham Lincoln in
desperation.
My clothes encumbered me; they seemed glued to my body, and paralysed
my movements.
I was sinking! I was suffocating!
"Help!"
This was my last cry.  Suddenly my clothes were seized by a
strong hand, and I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the
sea; and I heard, yes, I heard these words pronounced in my ear:
"If master would be so good as to lean on my shoulder, master would
swim with much greater ease."
I seized with one hand my faithful Conseil's arm.
"Is it you?" said I, "you?"
"Myself," answered Conseil; "and waiting master's orders."
"That shock threw you as well as me into the sea?"
"No; but, being in my master's service, I followed him."
The worthy fellow thought that was but natural.
"And the frigate?" I asked.
"The frigate?" replied Conseil, turning on his back; "I think that
master had better not count too much on her."
"You think so?"
"I say that, at the time I threw myself into the sea, I heard the men
at the wheel say, `The screw and the rudder are broken.'
"Broken?"
"Yes, broken by the monster's teeth. It is the only injury the Abraham
Lincoln has sustained. But it is a bad look-out for us--she no longer
answers her helm."
"Then we are lost!"
"Perhaps so," calmly answered Conseil. "However, we have still several
hours before us, and one can do a good deal in some hours."
Conseil's imperturbable coolness set me up again. I swam more
vigorously; but, cramped by my clothes, which stuck to me like a leaden
weight, I felt great difficulty in bearing up. Conseil saw this.
"Will master let me make a slit?" said he; and, slipping an open knife
under my clothes, he ripped them up from top to bottom very rapidly.
Then he cleverly slipped them off me, while I swam for both of us.
Then I did the same for Conseil, and we continued to swim near to each
other.
Nevertheless, our situation was no less terrible. Perhaps our
disappearance had not been noticed; and, if it had been, the frigate
could not tack, being without its helm. Conseil argued on this
supposition, and laid his plans accordingly. This quiet boy was
perfectly self-possessed. We then decided that, as our only chance of
safety was being picked up by the Abraham Lincoln's boats, we ought to
manage so as to wait for them as long as possible. I resolved then to
husband our strength, so that both should not be exhausted at the same
time; and this is how we managed: while one of us lay on our back,
quite still, with arms crossed, and legs stretched out, the other would
swim and push the other on in front. This towing business did not last
more than ten minutes each; and relieving each other thus, we could
swim on for some hours, perhaps till day-break. Poor chance! but hope
is so firmly rooted in the heart of man! Moreover, there were two of
us. Indeed I declare (though it may seem improbable) if I sought to
destroy all hope--if I wished to despair, I could not.
The collision of the frigate with the cetacean had occurred about
eleven o'clock in the evening before. I reckoned then we should have
eight hours to swim before sunrise, an operation quite practicable if
we relieved each other. The sea, very calm, was in our favour.
Sometimes I tried to pierce the intense darkness that was only
dispelled by the phosphorescence caused by our movements. I watched
the luminous waves that broke over my hand, whose mirror-like surface
was spotted with silvery rings. One might have said that we were in a
bath of quicksilver.
Near one o'clock in the morning, I was seized with dreadful fatigue.
My limbs stiffened under the strain of violent cramp. Conseil was
obliged to keep me up, and our preservation devolved on him alone. I
heard the poor boy pant; his breathing became short and hurried. I
found that he could not keep up much longer.
"Leave me! leave me!" I said to him.
"Leave my master? Never!" replied he. "I would drown first."
Just then the moon appeared through the fringes of a thick cloud that
the wind was driving to the east. The surface of the sea glittered
with its rays. This kindly light reanimated us. My head got better
again. I looked at all points of the horizon. I saw the frigate! She
was five miles from us, and looked like a dark mass, hardly
discernible. But no boats!
I would have cried out. But what good would it have been at such a
distance! My swollen lips could utter no sounds. Conseil could
articulate some words, and I heard him repeat at intervals, "Help!
help!"
Our movements were suspended for an instant; we listened. It might be
only a singing in the ear, but it seemed to me as if a cry answered the
cry from Conseil.
"Did you hear?" I murmured.
"Yes! Yes!"
And Conseil gave one more despairing cry.
This time there was no mistake! A human voice responded to ours! Was
it the voice of another unfortunate creature, abandoned in the middle
of the ocean, some other victim of the shock sustained by the vessel?
Or rather was it a boat from the frigate, that was hailing us in the
darkness?
Conseil made a last effort, and, leaning on my shoulder, while I struck
out in a desperate effort, he raised himself half out of the water,
then fell back exhausted.
"What did you see?"
"I saw----" murmured he; "I saw--but do not talk--reserve all your
strength!"
What had he seen? Then, I know not why, the thought of the monster
came into my head for the first time! But that voice! The time is
past for Jonahs to take refuge in whales' bellies! However, Conseil
was towing me again. He raised his head sometimes, looked before us,
and uttered a cry of recognition, which was responded to by a voice
that came nearer and nearer. I scarcely heard it.  Cold crept
over me. I raised my head for the last time, then I sank.
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At this moment a hard body struck me. I clung to it: then I felt that
I was being drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water,
that my chest collapsed--I fainted.
It is certain that I soon came to, thanks to the vigorous rubbings that
I received. I half opened my eyes.
"Conseil!" I murmured.
"Does master call me?" asked Conseil.
Just then, by the waning light of the moon which was sinking down to
the horizon, I saw a face which was not Conseil's and which I
immediately recognised.
"Ned!" I cried.
"The same, sir, who is seeking his prize!" replied the Canadian.
"Were you thrown into the sea by the shock to the frigate?"
"Yes, Professor; but more fortunate than you, I was able to find a
footing almost directly upon a floating island."
"An island?"
"Or, more correctly speaking, on our gigantic narwhal."
"Explain yourself, Ned!"
"Only I soon found out why my harpoon had not entered its skin and was
blunted."
"Why, Ned, why?"
"Because, Professor, that beast is made of sheet iron."
The Canadian's last words produced a sudden revolution in my brain. I
wriggled myself quickly to the top of the being, or object, half out of
the water, which served us for a refuge. I kicked it. It was
evidently a hard, impenetrable body, and not the soft substance that
forms the bodies of the great marine mammalia. But this hard body
might be a bony covering, like that of the antediluvian animals; and I
should be free to class this monster among amphibious reptiles, such as
tortoises or alligators.
Well, no! the blackish back that supported me was smooth, polished,
without scales. The blow produced a metallic sound; and, incredible
though it may be, it seemed, I might say, as if it was made of riveted
plates.
There was no doubt about it! This monster, this natural phenomenon
that had puzzled the learned world, and over thrown and misled the
imagination of seamen of both hemispheres, it must be owned was a still
more astonishing phenomenon, inasmuch as it was a simply human
construction.
We had no time to lose, however. We were lying upon the back of a sort
of submarine boat, which appeared (as far as I could judge) like a huge
fish of steel. Ned Land's mind was made up on this point. Conseil and
I could only agree with him.
Just then a bubbling began at the back of this strange thing (which was
evidently propelled by a screw), and it began to move. We had only
just time to seize hold of the upper part, which rose about seven feet
out of the water, and happily its speed was not great.
"As long as it sails horizontally," muttered Ned Land, "I do not mind;
but, if it takes a fancy to dive, I would not give two straws for my
life."
The Canadian might have said still less. It became really necessary to
communicate with the beings, whatever they were, shut up inside the
machine. I searched all over the outside for an aperture, a panel, or
a manhole, to use a technical expression; but the lines of the iron
rivets, solidly driven into the joints of the iron plates, were clear
and uniform. Besides, the moon disappeared then, and left us in total
darkness.
At last this long night passed. My indistinct remembrance prevents my
describing all the impressions it made. I can only recall one
circumstance. During some lulls of the wind and sea, I fancied I heard
several times vague sounds, a sort of fugitive harmony produced by
words of command. What was, then, the mystery of this submarine craft,
of which the whole world vainly sought an explanation? What kind of
beings existed in this strange boat? What mechanical agent caused its
prodigious speed?
Daybreak appeared. The morning mists surrounded us, but they soon
cleared off. I was about to examine the hull, which formed on deck a
kind of horizontal platform, when I felt it gradually sinking.
"Oh! confound it!" cried Ned Land, kicking the resounding plate.
"Open, you inhospitable rascals!"
Happily the sinking movement ceased. Suddenly a noise, like iron works
violently pushed aside, came from the interior of the boat. One iron
plate was moved, a man appeared, uttered an odd cry, and disappeared
immediately.
Some moments after, eight strong men, with masked faces, appeared
noiselessly, and drew us down into their formidable machine.
CHAPTER VIII
MOBILIS IN MOBILI
This forcible abduction, so roughly carried out, was accomplished with
the rapidity of lightning. I shivered all over. Whom had we to deal
with? No doubt some new sort of pirates, who explored the sea in their
own way. Hardly had the narrow panel closed upon me, when I was
enveloped in darkness. My eyes, dazzled with the outer light, could
distinguish nothing. I felt my naked feet cling to the rungs of an
iron ladder. Ned Land and Conseil, firmly seized, followed me. At the
bottom of the ladder, a door opened, and shut after us immediately with
a bang.
We were alone. Where, I could not say, hardly imagine. All was black,
and such a dense black that, after some minutes, my eyes had not been
able to discern even the faintest glimmer.
Meanwhile, Ned Land, furious at these proceedings, gave free vent to
his indignation.
"Confound it!" cried he, "here are people who come up to the Scotch for
hospitality. They only just miss being cannibals. I should not be
surprised at it, but I declare that they shall not eat me without my
protesting."
"Calm yourself, friend Ned, calm yourself," replied Conseil, quietly.
 We are not quite done for yet."
"Not quite," sharply replied the Canadian, "but pretty near, at all
events. Things look black. Happily, my bowie knife I have still, and
I can always see well enough to use it. The first of these pirates who
lays a hand on me----"
"Do not excite yourself, Ned," I said to the harpooner, "and do not
compromise us by useless violence. Who knows that they will not listen
to us? Let us rather try to find out where we are."
I groped about. In five steps I came to an iron wall, made of plates
bolted together. Then turning back I struck against a wooden table,
near which were ranged several stools. The boards of this prison were
concealed under a thick mat, which deadened the noise of the feet. The
bare walls revealed no trace of window or door. Conseil, going round
the reverse way, met me, and we went back to the middle of the cabin,
which measured about twenty feet by ten. As to its height, Ned Land,
in spite of his own great height, could not measure it.
Half an hour had already passed without our situation being bettered,
when the dense darkness suddenly gave way to extreme light. Our prison
was suddenly lighted, that is to say, it became filled with a luminous
matter, so strong that I could not bear it at first. In its whiteness
and intensity I recognised that electric light which played round the
submarine boat like a magnificent phenomenon of phosphorescence. After
shutting my eyes involuntarily, I opened them, and saw that this
luminous agent came from a half globe, unpolished, placed in the roof
of the cabin.
"At last one can see," cried Ned Land, who, knife in hand, stood on the
defensive.
"Yes," said I; "but we are still in the dark about ourselves."
"Let master have patience," said the imperturbable Conseil.
The sudden lighting of the cabin enabled me to examine it minutely. It
only contained a table and five stools. The invisible door might be
hermetically sealed. No noise was heard. All seemed dead in the
interior of this boat. Did it move, did it float on the surface of the
ocean, or did it dive into its depths? I could not guess.
A noise of bolts was now heard, the door opened, and two men appeared.
One was short, very muscular, broad-shouldered, with robust limbs,
strong head, an abundance of black hair, thick moustache, a quick
penetrating look, and the vivacity which characterises the population
of Southern France.
The second stranger merits a more detailed description.
Whether this person was thirty-five or fifty years of age, I could not
say. He was tall, had a large forehead, straight nose, a clearly cut
mouth, beautiful teeth, with fine taper hands, indicative of a highly
nervous temperament. This man was certainly the most admirable
specimen I had ever met. One particular feature was his eyes, rather
far from each other, and which could take in nearly a quarter of the
horizon at once.
This faculty--(I verified it later)--gave him a range of vision far
superior to Ned Land's. When this stranger fixed upon an object, his
eyebrows met, his large eyelids closed around so as to contract the
range of his vision, and he looked as if he magnified the objects
lessened by distance, as if he pierced those sheets of water so opaque
to our eyes, and as if he read the very depths of the seas.
The two strangers, with caps made from the fur of the sea otter, and
shod with sea boots of seal's skin, were dressed in clothes of a
particular texture, which allowed free movement of the limbs. The
taller of the two, evidently the chief on board, examined us with great
attention, without saying a word; then, turning to his companion,
talked with him in an unknown tongue. It was a sonorous, harmonious,
and flexible dialect, the vowels seeming to admit of very varied
accentuation.
The other replied by a shake of the head, and added two or three
perfectly incomprehensible words. Then he seemed to question me by a
look.
I replied in good French that I did not know his language; but he
seemed not to understand me, and my situation became more embarrassing.
"If master were to tell our story," said Conseil, "perhaps these
gentlemen may understand some words."
I began to tell our adventures, articulating each syllable clearly, and
without omitting one single detail. I announced our names and rank,
introducing in person Professor Aronnax, his servant Conseil, and
master Ned Land, the harpooner.
The man with the soft calm eyes listened to me quietly, even politely,
and with extreme attention; but nothing in his countenance indicated
that he had understood my story. When I finished, he said not a word.
There remained one resource, to speak English. Perhaps they would know
this almost universal language. I knew it--as well as the German
language--well enough to read it fluently, but not to speak it
correctly. But, anyhow, we must make ourselves understood.
"Go on in your turn," I said to the harpooner; "speak your best
Anglo-Saxon, and try to do better than I."
Ned did not beg off, and recommenced our story.
To his great disgust, the harpooner did not seem to have made himself
more intelligible than I had. Our visitors did not stir. They
evidently understood neither the language of England nor of France.
Very much embarrassed, after having vainly exhausted our speaking
resources, I knew not what part to take, when Conseil said:
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"If master will permit me, I will relate it in German."
But in spite of the elegant terms and good accent of the narrator, the
German language had no success. At last, nonplussed, I tried to
remember my first lessons, and to narrate our adventures in Latin, but
with no better success. This last attempt being of no avail, the two
strangers exchanged some words in their unknown language, and retired.
The door shut.
"It is an infamous shame," cried Ned Land, who broke out for the
twentieth time. "We speak to those rogues in French, English, German,
and Latin, and not one of them has the politeness to answer!"
"Calm yourself," I said to the impetuous Ned; "anger will do no good."
"But do you see, Professor," replied our irascible companion, "that we
shall absolutely die of hunger in this iron cage?"
"Bah!" said Conseil, philosophically; "we can hold out some time yet."
"My friends," I said, "we must not despair. We have been worse off
than this. Do me the favour to wait a little before forming an opinion
upon the commander and crew of this boat."
"My opinion is formed," replied Ned Land, sharply. "They are rascals."
"Good! and from what country?"
"From the land of rogues!"
"My brave Ned, that country is not clearly indicated on the map of the
world; but I admit that the nationality of the two strangers is hard to
determine. Neither English, French, nor German, that is quite certain.
However, I am inclined to think that the commander and his companion
were born in low latitudes. There is southern blood in them. But I
cannot decide by their appearance whether they are Spaniards, Turks,
Arabians, or Indians. As to their language, it is quite
incomprehensible."
"There is the disadvantage of not knowing all languages," said Conseil,
"or the disadvantage of not having one universal language."
As he said these words, the door opened. A steward entered. He
brought us clothes, coats and trousers, made of a stuff I did not know.
I hastened to dress myself, and my companions followed my example.
During that time, the steward--dumb, perhaps deaf--had arranged the
table, and laid three plates.
"This is something like!" said Conseil.
"Bah!" said the angry harpooner, "what do you suppose they eat here?
Tortoise liver, filleted shark, and beef steaks from seadogs."
"We shall see," said Conseil.
The dishes, of bell metal, were placed on the table, and we took our
places. Undoubtedly we had to do with civilised people, and, had it
not been for the electric light which flooded us, I could have fancied
I was in the dining-room of the Adelphi Hotel at Liverpool, or at the
Grand Hotel in Paris. I must say, however, that there was neither
bread nor wine. The water was fresh and clear, but it was water and
did not suit Ned Land's taste. Amongst the dishes which were brought
to us, I recognised several fish delicately dressed; but of some,
although excellent, I could give no opinion, neither could I tell to
what kingdom they belonged, whether animal or vegetable. As to the
dinner-service, it was elegant, and in perfect taste. Each
utensil--spoon, fork, knife, plate--had a letter engraved on it, with a
motto above it, of which this is an exact facsimile:
MOBILIS IN MOBILI N
The letter N was no doubt the initial of the name of the enigmatical
person who commanded at the bottom of the seas.
Ned and Conseil did not reflect much. They devoured the food, and I
did likewise. I was, besides, reassured as to our fate; and it seemed
evident that our hosts would not let us die of want.
However, everything has an end, everything passes away, even the hunger
of people who have not eaten for fifteen hours. Our appetites
satisfied, we felt overcome with sleep.
"Faith! I shall sleep well," said Conseil.
"So shall I," replied Ned Land.
My two companions stretched themselves on the cabin carpet, and were
soon sound asleep.  Where were we? What strange power carried us
on? I felt--or rather fancied I felt--the machine sinking down to the
lowest beds of the sea. Dreadful nightmares beset me; I saw in these
mysterious asylums a world of unknown animals, amongst which this
submarine boat seemed to be of the same kind, living, moving, and
formidable as they. Then my brain grew calmer, my imagination wandered
into vague unconsciousness, and I soon fell into a deep sleep.
CHAPTER IX
NED LAND'S TEMPERS
How long we slept I do not know; but our sleep must have lasted long,
for it rested us completely from our fatigues. I woke first. My
companions had not moved, and were still stretched in their corner.
Hardly roused from my somewhat hard couch, I felt my brain freed, my
mind clear. I then began an attentive examination of our cell.
Nothing was changed inside. The prison was still a prison--the
prisoners, prisoners. However, the steward, during our sleep, had
cleared the table. I breathed with difficulty. The heavy air seemed
to oppress my lungs. Although the cell was large, we had evidently
consumed a great part of the oxygen that it contained. Indeed, each
man consumes, in one hour, the oxygen contained in more than 176 pints
of air, and this air, charged (as then) with a nearly equal quantity of
carbonic acid, becomes unbreathable.
It became necessary to renew the atmosphere of our prison, and no doubt
the whole in the submarine boat. That gave rise to a question in my
mind. How would the commander of this floating dwelling-place proceed?
Would he obtain air by chemical means, in getting by heat the oxygen
contained in chlorate of potash, and in absorbing carbonic acid by
caustic potash? Or--a more convenient, economical, and consequently
more probable alternative--would he be satisfied to rise and take
breath at the surface of the water, like a whale, and so renew for
twenty-four hours the atmospheric provision?
In fact, I was already obliged to increase my respirations to eke out
of this cell the little oxygen it contained, when suddenly I was
refreshed by a current of pure air, and perfumed with saline
emanations. It was an invigorating sea breeze, charged with iodine. I
opened my mouth wide, and my lungs saturated themselves with fresh
particles.
At the same time I felt the boat rolling. The iron-plated monster had
evidently just risen to the surface of the ocean to breathe, after the
fashion of whales. I found out from that the mode of ventilating the
boat.
When I had inhaled this air freely, I sought the conduit pipe, which
conveyed to us the beneficial whiff, and I was not long in finding it.
Above the door was a ventilator, through which volumes of fresh air
renewed the impoverished atmosphere of the cell.
I was making my observations, when Ned and Conseil awoke almost at the
same time, under the influence of this reviving air. They rubbed their
eyes, stretched themselves, and were on their feet in an instant.
"Did master sleep well?" asked Conseil, with his usual politeness.
"Very well, my brave boy. And you, Mr. Land?"
"Soundly, Professor. But, I don't know if I am right or not, there
seems to be a sea breeze!"
A seaman could not be mistaken, and I told the Canadian all that had
passed during his sleep.
"Good!" said he. "That accounts for those roarings we heard, when the
supposed narwhal sighted the Abraham Lincoln."
"Quite so, Master Land; it was taking breath."
"Only, Mr. Aronnax, I have no idea what o'clock it is, unless it is
dinner-time."
"Dinner-time! my good fellow? Say rather breakfast-time, for we
certainly have begun another day."
"So," said Conseil, "we have slept twenty-four hours?"
"That is my opinion."
"I will not contradict you," replied Ned Land. "But, dinner or
breakfast, the steward will be welcome, whichever he brings."
"Master Land, we must conform to the rules on board, and I suppose our
appetites are in advance of the dinner hour."
"That is just like you, friend Conseil," said Ned, impatiently. "You
are never out of temper, always calm; you would return thanks before
grace, and die of hunger rather than complain!"
Time was getting on, and we were fearfully hungry; and this time the
steward did not appear. It was rather too long to leave us, if they
really had good intentions towards us. Ned Land, tormented by the
cravings of hunger, got still more angry; and, notwithstanding his
promise, I dreaded an explosion when he found himself with one of the
crew.
For two hours more Ned Land's temper increased; he cried, he shouted,
but in vain. The walls were deaf. There was no sound to be heard in
the boat; all was still as death. It did not move, for I should have
felt the trembling motion of the hull under the influence of the screw.
Plunged in the depths of the waters, it belonged no longer to earth:
this silence was dreadful.
I felt terrified, Conseil was calm, Ned Land roared.
Just then a noise was heard outside. Steps sounded on the metal flags.
The locks were turned, the door opened, and the steward appeared.
Before I could rush forward to stop him, the Canadian had thrown him
down, and held him by the throat. The steward was choking under the
grip of his powerful hand.
Conseil was already trying to unclasp the harpooner's hand from his
half-suffocated victim, and I was going to fly to the rescue, when
suddenly I was nailed to the spot by hearing these words in French:
"Be quiet, Master Land; and you, Professor, will you be so good as to
listen to me?"
CHAPTER X
THE MAN OF THE SEAS
It was the commander of the vessel who thus spoke.
At these words, Ned Land rose suddenly. The steward, nearly strangled,
tottered out on a sign from his master. But such was the power of the
commander on board, that not a gesture betrayed the resentment which
this man must have felt towards the Canadian. Conseil interested in
spite of himself, I stupefied, awaited in silence the result of this
scene.
The commander, leaning against the corner of a table with his arms
folded, scanned us with profound attention. Did he hesitate to speak?
Did he regret the words which he had just spoken in French? One might
almost think so.
After some moments of silence, which not one of us dreamed of breaking,
"Gentlemen," said he, in a calm and penetrating voice, "I speak French,
English, German, and Latin equally well. I could, therefore, have
answered you at our first interview, but I wished to know you first,
then to reflect. The story told by each one, entirely agreeing in the
main points, convinced me of your identity. I know now that chance has
brought before me M. Pierre Aronnax, Professor of Natural History at
the Museum of Paris, entrusted with a scientific mission abroad,
Conseil, his servant, and Ned Land, of Canadian origin, harpooner on
board the frigate Abraham Lincoln of the navy of the United States of
America."
I bowed assent. It was not a question that the commander put to me.
Therefore there was no answer to be made. This man expressed himself
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with perfect ease, without any accent. His sentences were well turned,
his words clear, and his fluency of speech remarkable. Yet, I did not
recognise in him a fellow-countryman.
He continued the conversation in these terms:
"You have doubtless thought, sir, that I have delayed long in paying
you this second visit. The reason is that, your identity recognised, I
wished to weigh maturely what part to act towards you. I have
hesitated much. Most annoying circumstances have brought you into the
presence of a man who has broken all the ties of humanity. You have
come to trouble my existence."
"Unintentionally!" said I.
"Unintentionally?" replied the stranger, raising his voice a little.
"Was it unintentionally that the Abraham Lincoln pursued me all over
the seas? Was it unintentionally that you took passage in this
frigate? Was it unintentionally that your cannon-balls rebounded off
the plating of my vessel? Was it unintentionally that Mr. Ned Land
struck me with his harpoon?"
I detected a restrained irritation in these words. But to these
recriminations I had a very natural answer to make, and I made it.
 You do not know that
divers accidents, caused by collisions with your submarine machine,
have excited public feeling in the two continents. I omit the theories
without number by which it was sought to explain that of which you
alone possess the secret. But you must understand that, in pursuing
you over the high seas of the Pacific, the Abraham Lincoln believed
itself to be chasing some powerful sea-monster, of which it was
necessary to rid the ocean at any price."
A half-smile curled the lips of the commander: then, in a calmer tone:
"M. Aronnax," he replied, "dare you affirm that your frigate would not
as soon have pursued and cannonaded a submarine boat as a monster?"
This question embarrassed me, for certainly Captain Farragut might not
have hesitated. He might have thought it his duty to destroy a
contrivance of this kind, as he would a gigantic narwhal.
"You understand then, sir," continued the stranger, "that I have the
right to treat you as enemies?"
I answered nothing, purposely. For what good would it be to discuss
such a proposition, when force could destroy the best arguments?
"I have hesitated some time," continued the commander; "nothing obliged
me to show you hospitality. If I chose to separate myself from you, I
should have no interest in seeing you again; I could place you upon the
deck of this vessel which has served you as a refuge, I could sink
beneath the waters, and forget that you had ever existed. Would not
that be my right?"
"It might be the right of a savage," I answered, "but not that of a
civilised man."
"Professor," replied the commander, quickly, "I am not what you call a
civilised man! I have done with society entirely, for reasons which I
alone have the right of appreciating. I do not, therefore, obey its
laws, and I desire you never to allude to them before me again!"
This was said plainly. A flash of anger and disdain kindled in the
eyes of the Unknown, and I had a glimpse of a terrible past in the life
of this man. Not only had he put himself beyond the pale of human
laws, but he had made himself independent of them, free in the
strictest acceptation of the word, quite beyond their reach! Who then
would dare to pursue him at the bottom of the sea, when, on its
surface, he defied all attempts made against him?
What vessel could resist the shock of his submarine monitor? What
cuirass, however thick, could withstand the blows of his spur? No man
could demand from him an account of his actions; God, if he believed in
one--his conscience, if he had one--were the sole judges to whom he was
answerable.
These reflections crossed my mind rapidly, whilst the stranger
personage was silent, absorbed, and as if wrapped up in himself. I
regarded him with fear mingled with interest, as, doubtless, OEdiphus
regarded the Sphinx.
After rather a long silence, the commander resumed the conversation.
"I have hesitated," said he, "but I have thought that my interest might
be reconciled with that pity to which every human being has a right.
You will remain on board my vessel, since fate has cast you there. You
will be free; and, in exchange for this liberty, I shall only impose
one single condition. Your word of honour to submit to it will
suffice."
"Speak, sir," I answered. "I suppose this condition is one which a man
of honour may accept?"
"Yes, sir; it is this: It is possible that certain events, unforeseen,
may oblige me to consign you to your cabins for some hours or some
days, as the case may be. As I desire never to use violence, I expect
from you, more than all the others, a passive obedience. In thus
acting, I take all the responsibility: I acquit you entirely, for I
make it an impossibility for you to see what ought not to be seen. Do
you accept this condition?"
Then things took place on board which, to say the least, were singular,
and which ought not to be seen by people who were not placed beyond the
pale of social laws. Amongst the surprises which the future was
preparing for me, this might not be the least.
"We accept," I answered; "only I will ask your permission, sir, to
address one question to you--one only."
"Speak, sir."
"You said that we should be free on board."
"Entirely."
"I ask you, then, what you mean by this liberty?"
"Just the liberty to go, to come, to see, to observe even all that
passes here save under rare circumstances--the liberty, in short, which
we enjoy ourselves, my companions and I."
It was evident that we did not understand one another.
"Pardon me, sir," I resumed, "but this liberty is only what every
prisoner has of pacing his prison. It cannot suffice us."
"It must suffice you, however."
"What! we must renounce for ever seeing our country, our friends, our
relations again?"
"Yes, sir. But to renounce that unendurable worldly yoke which men
believe to be liberty is not perhaps so painful as you think."
"Well," exclaimed Ned Land, "never will I give my word of honour not to
try to escape."
"I did not ask you for your word of honour, Master Land," answered the
commander, coldly.
"Sir," I replied, beginning to get angry in spite of my self, "you
abuse your situation towards us; it is cruelty."
"No, sir, it is clemency. You are my prisoners of war. I keep you,
when I could, by a word, plunge you into the depths of the ocean. You
attacked me. You came to surprise a secret which no man in the world
must penetrate--the secret of my whole existence. And you think that I
am going to send you back to that world which must know me no more?
Never! In retaining you, it is not you whom I guard--it is myself."
These words indicated a resolution taken on the part of the commander,
against which no arguments would prevail.
"So, sir," I rejoined, "you give us simply the choice between life and
death?"
"Simply."
"My friends," said I, "to a question thus put, there is nothing to
answer. But no word of honour binds us to the master of this vessel."
"None, sir," answered the Unknown.
Then, in a gentler tone, he continued:
"Now, permit me to finish what I have to say to you. I know you, M.
Aronnax. You and your companions will not, perhaps, have so much to
complain of in the chance which has bound you to my fate. You will
find amongst the books which are my favourite study the work which you
have published on `the depths of the sea.' I have often read it. You
have carried out your work as far as terrestrial science permitted you.
But you do not know all--you have not seen all. Let me tell you then,
Professor, that you will not regret the time passed on board my vessel.

These words of the commander had a great effect upon me. I cannot deny
it. My weak point was touched; and I forgot, for a moment, that the
contemplation of these sublime subjects was not worth the loss of
liberty. Besides, I trusted to the future to decide this grave
question. So I contented myself with saying:
"By what name ought I to address you?"
"Sir," replied the commander, "I am nothing to you but Captain Nemo;
and you and your companions are nothing to me but the passengers of the
Nautilus."
Captain Nemo called. A steward appeared. The captain gave him his
orders in that strange language which I did not understand. Then,
turning towards the Canadian and Conseil:
"A repast awaits you in your cabin," said he. "Be so good as to follow
this man.
"And now, M. Aronnax, our breakfast is ready. Permit me to lead the
way."
"I am at your service, Captain."
I followed Captain Nemo; and as soon as I had passed through the door,
I found myself in a kind of passage lighted by electricity, similar to
the waist of a ship. After we had proceeded a dozen yards, a second
door opened before me.
I then entered a dining-room, decorated and furnished in severe taste.
High oaken sideboards, inlaid with ebony, stood at the two extremities
of the room, and upon their shelves glittered china, porcelain, and
glass of inestimable value. The plate on the table sparkled in the
rays which the luminous ceiling shed around, while the light was
tempered and softened by exquisite paintings.
In the centre of the room was a table richly laid out. Captain Nemo
indicated the place I was to occupy.
The breakfast consisted of a certain number of dishes, the contents of
which were furnished by the sea alone; and I was ignorant of the nature
and mode of preparation of some of them. I acknowledged that they were
good, but they had a peculiar flavour, which I easily became accustomed
to. These different aliments appeared to me to be rich in phosphorus,
and I thought they must have a marine origin.
Captain Nemo looked at me. I asked him no questions, but he guessed my
thoughts, and answered of his own accord the questions which I was
burning to address to him.
"The greater part of these dishes are unknown to you," he said to me.
"However, you may partake of them without fear. They are wholesome and
nourishing. For a long time I have renounced the food of the earth,
and I am never ill now. My crew, who are healthy, are fed on the same
food."
"So," said I, "all these eatables are the produce of the sea?"
"Yes, Professor, the sea supplies all my wants. Sometimes I cast my
nets in tow, and I draw them in ready to break. Sometimes I hunt in
the midst of this element, which appears to be inaccessible to man, and
quarry the game which dwells in my submarine forests. My flocks, like
those of Neptune's old shepherds, graze fearlessly in the immense
prairies of the ocean. I have a vast property there, which I cultivate
myself, and which is always sown by the hand of the Creator of all
things."
"I can understand perfectly, sir, that your nets furnish excellent fish
for your table; I can understand also that you hunt aquatic game in
your submarine forests; but I cannot understand at all how a particle
of meat, no matter how small, can figure in your bill of fare."
external_link5_text


This is a simple HTML web page. Follow the instructions below to complete the lab.
The goal of this lab is to convert this web page to a document looks as close as possible to this web page using a word processor. You may use any word processor (Google Docs or Microsoft Word or similar). Do this as fast as you can. The first person to get the page converted wins. You may do this however you want, but if you don't know where to start, follow the steps below.


-
The Tesla Model S is the start to a revolution within the electric car industry.
-
This ground-breaking car is one of the most efficient and stylish cars on the road.
-
Unlike the hybrids, such as the Toyota Prius, the Model S is solely electric and does not require gasoline.
-
As of December 2014, Tesla strategically placed 119 Supercharge stations nationwide.
-
Two batteries can be installed to minimize charging time. This innovative vehicle can be ordered with three different types of batteries, which increase the horsepower and miles driven on one charge.
-
The engineers of the Model S went to extreme lengths to ensure that the car is aerodynamic in all aspects.
-
There are several innovative features on the Model S that provide a luxorious and comfortable experience.
-
From the 17-inch display to the auto-piolot feature, the Model S has become the Most Loved Car of 2014.
-


|
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| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| ClassifiableContentIF | INTERNAL: Interface that holds the identifier and the actual content of a classifiable resource. |
| ClassifyPluginIF | INTERNAL: Interface implemented by code that is able to locate classifiable content for topics. |
| DelimiterTrimmerIF | INTERNAL: |
| DocumentAnalyzerIF | INTERNAL: |
| FormatModuleIF | INTERNAL: Interface that encapsulates the support for a given document format. |
| HttpServletRequestAwareIF | INTERNAL: Interface implemented by ClassifyPluginIFs that want access to the current HTTP request in a servlet environment. |
| TermAnalyzerIF | INTERNAL: |
| TermNormalizerIF | INTERNAL: |
| TermStemmerIF | INTERNAL: A stemmer produces the stem of a word from a form of the word. |
| TextHandlerIF | INTERNAL: Callback interface used by format modules to tell the classification framework about the structure of classifiable content. |
| TokenizerIF | INTERNAL: |
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| AbstractDocumentAnalyzer | INTERNAL: |
| BlackList | INTERNAL: |
| CharacterAnalyzer | INTERNAL: |
| Chew | PUBLIC: Command-line tool for extracting keywords from a document. |
| ClassifiableContent | INTERNAL: |
| ClassifyUtils | INTERNAL: |
| CompoundAnalyzer | INTERNAL: |
| ConferencePlugin | INTERNAL: |
| DefaultPlugin | INTERNAL: |
| DefaultTokenizer | INTERNAL: |
| DistanceAnalyzer | INTERNAL: |
| Document | INTERNAL: |
| DocumentClassifier | INTERNAL: |
| DocumentTokenizer | INTERNAL: |
| DowncaseNormalizer | INTERNAL: |
| FormatModule | INTERNAL: |
| FrequencyAnalyzer | INTERNAL: A frequency table giving the frequency with which a particular word is used in a particular language. |
| HTMLFormatModule | INTERNAL: |
| JunkNormalizer | INTERNAL: |
| Language | INTERNAL: Object representing a particular language. |
| OOXMLPowerpointFormatModule | INTERNAL: A format module for the OOXML PresentationML format. |
| OOXMLWordFormatModule | INTERNAL: A format module for the OOXML WordProcessingML format. |
| PDFFormatModule | INTERNAL: |
| PlainTextFormatModule | INTERNAL: |
| PowerPointFormatModule | INTERNAL: |
| RegexpTermAnalyzer | INTERNAL: A term analyzer which recognizes certain kinds of terms using regexps and adjusts their scores accordingly. |
| Region | INTERNAL: |
| RegionBooster | INTERNAL: |
| RelativeScore | INTERNAL: |
| SimpleClassifier | PUBLIC: A simple top-level API for classifying content. |
| SnowballStemmer | INTERNAL: |
| SpecialCharNormalizer | INTERNAL: |
| StopList | INTERNAL: A set of words considered "stop words" in a particular language. |
| Term | PUBLIC: Represents a concept which occurs in the classified content. |
| TermDatabase | PUBLIC: A collection of terms representing the result of classifying a piece of content. |
| TextBlock | INTERNAL: |
| Token | INTERNAL: |
| TokenVisitor | INTERNAL: |
| TologRulePlugin | INTERNAL: |
| TopicContentPlugin | INTERNAL: Classifier plugin which produces content from the topic itself. |
| TopicContentPlugin.TopicAsContent | |
| TopicMapAnalyzer | INTERNAL: |
| TopicMapAnalyzer.AssociationType | |
| TopicMapClassification | INTERNAL: |
| Variant | PUBLIC: Represents a form of a term as it occurred in classified content. |
| WebChew | INTERNAL: |
| WordFormatModule | INTERNAL: A format module for the old binary Word format. |
| XMLFormatModule | INTERNAL: |
To classify content, use the SimpleClassifier class. Note that most of the APIs are INTERNAL, and so may change at any time.
If you need more flexibility, it is possible to use the INTERNAL APIs directly. Below is example code showing how to output a ranked list of the terms found in a particular document.
// load the topic map TopicMapIF topicmap = ImportExportUtils.getReader(args[0]).read(); // create classifier TopicMapClassification tcl = new TopicMapClassification(topicmap); // read document ClassifiableContentIF cc = ClassifyUtils.getClassifiableContent(args[1]); // classify document tcl.classify(cc); // dump the ranked terms TermDatabase tdb = tcl.getTermDatabase(); tdb.dump(50);
|
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|
QuantLib: a free/open-source library for quantitative finance
Fully annotated sources - version 1.30
|
#include <ql/methods/finitedifferences/solvers/fdmsolverdesc.hpp>
Public Attributes | |
| const ext::shared_ptr< FdmMesher > | mesher |
| const FdmBoundaryConditionSet | bcSet |
| const ext::shared_ptr< FdmStepConditionComposite > | condition |
| const ext::shared_ptr< FdmInnerValueCalculator > | calculator |
| const Time | maturity |
| const Size | timeSteps |
| const Size | dampingSteps |
Definition at line 35 of file fdmsolverdesc.hpp.
| const ext::shared_ptr<FdmMesher> mesher |
Definition at line 36 of file fdmsolverdesc.hpp.
| const FdmBoundaryConditionSet bcSet |
Definition at line 37 of file fdmsolverdesc.hpp.
| const ext::shared_ptr<FdmStepConditionComposite> condition |
Definition at line 38 of file fdmsolverdesc.hpp.
| const ext::shared_ptr<FdmInnerValueCalculator> calculator |
Definition at line 39 of file fdmsolverdesc.hpp.
| const Time maturity |
Definition at line 40 of file fdmsolverdesc.hpp.
| const Size timeSteps |
Definition at line 41 of file fdmsolverdesc.hpp.
| const Size dampingSteps |
Definition at line 42 of file fdmsolverdesc.hpp.


Company Asks Female Employees To Wear ‘Period Badges’ To End Stigma
by Emma RosemurgeyA company in Japan is asking its female employees to wear a badge to signal when they’re on their period, in a bid to beat the stigma that still exists in the country.
Female staff working at the Daimaru Umeda department store in Osaka have been asked to wear the pins, which will have their names attached, with pride.
The badges were introduced following a suggestion by the store’s staff, with the aim being for women to get more help or longer breaks if they are wearing one.
Although the scheme is not compulsory, the badges are said to be a great fit for the shop, which sells various different sexual and menstrual health products.
As reported by WWD Japan, the badges feature a cartoon character called Seiri-chan, who is known as a symbol for the menstrual cycle in the country.
Regardless of whether staff opt into the scheme or not, they will guide customers around a shop that is split into separate areas representing the different stages of the menstrual cycle.
The gloomy section represents the time before your period starts and provides suitable products, while the turbulence section has a range of products for when you’re feeling irritable, and the glittering section provides post-period items.
Store manager Takahiro Imazu told the publication:
In Japan, there is a tendency for women’s sexuality and periods to be subjects ‘not to be mentioned’.
Not all customers will react positively to [this shop], but the fem tech boom is growing, and the values of young people are changing with it.
I might be going a little far in saying this, but I am excited for it to become a shop for solutions for women’s sensitive needs, and to be an asset to the marketplace.
While reviews of the badge system have been mixed, 13.8% of women admitted to missing work or school because of their period, but felt unable to be honest about the reason. Therefore, these badges could go some way towards opening up the conversation about our periods and the effects that come with them.
However, there are concerns that people could mistakenly attribute any frustrations you express to you being on your period.
Emma Rosemurgey is an NCTJ trained Journalist who started her career by producing The Royal Rosemurgey newspaper in 2004, which kept her family up to date with the goings on of her sleepy north east village. She graduated from the University of Central Lancashire in Preston and started her career in regional newspapers before joining Tyla (formerly Pretty 52) in 2017, and progressing onto UNILAD in 2019.


Koala
Home
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Discord Bot List
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{{night.display_night_price | currency}}
1. All rooms are booked for double occupancy (i.e. 2 adults). Accommodations for additional guests are not guaranteed. Some hotels may not allow extra guests. If your hotel does allow extra guests, there may be additional charges. These charges vary and will be payable directly to the hotel.


BeeGreen helps people by helping nature jkbkjherkgh rerehgmkjhrgi qrhdglkhg gloreh erhglmkhgkjq gqhrgkjqrheg qgkhqkrhg qrgihg qgùhsghq pjs vj bvjkr pojv bnv lho vh
BeeGreen helps nature jkbkjherkgh rerehgmkjhrgi qrhdglkhg gloreh erhglmkhgkjq gqhrgkjqrheg qgkhqkrhg qrgihg qgùhsghq pjs vj bvjkr pojv bnv lho vh
Nested slides are useful for adding additional detail underneath a high level horizontal slide.
That's it, time to go back up.
Nested slides are useful for adding additional detail underneath a high level horizontal slide.
Nested slides are useful for adding additional detail underneath a high level horizontal slide.
Nested slides are useful for adding additional detail underneath a high level horizontal slide.
Nested slides are useful for adding additional detail underneath a high level horizontal slide.


[ht::head {RAMADDA Version <%ramadda.version%> Release Notes}]
<%nochildlist%>
RAMADDA version <%ramadda.version%> is now available for download at:
This release contains many bug fixes and a major redesign of the user interface.
Note: When installing a new version of RAMADDA you also need to install new versions of any
plugin files.
More information below
Plugins are installed in the <ramadda home>/plugins directory.
Most of the plugins are provided in an
allplugins.jar file.
A number of other plugins are listed below.
Note: This has changed in version 1.5.
RAMADDA used to provide the plugins in an allplugins.zip file which contained individual plugins that would
be unzipped and written out every time RAMADDA ran. All of the plugin code and resources are now placed into one big jar file.
If you have previously installed allplugins.zip then delete the file and install allplugins.jar.
If you have previously installed allplugins.jar then RAMADDA will automatically update the plugun at runtime.
If you have other plugins installed then you should update them to the latest versions
If you are installing RAMADDA for the first time you can opt to install the allplugins.jar during
the site installation process.
There are also individual plugins available
here including:
[ht::foot]


A game that divines your fortune using a celtic cross
A Mock Up of Magazine Page using pure html and css
A simulation of the game of war using the console and html and css
A Storybook Component Library of reusable React components


What did you learn from your 'mindfulness conversation'? How did the other person find it?
I found it a struggle to concentrate for the entire 3 minutes. The other person felt truly listened to.
Which of the three suggested techniques will you use to sustain your practice?
Practising meditation 2 minutes a day.
Any other musings?
No other musings.


| 1 | /* | |
| 2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more | |
| 3 | * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with | |
| 4 | * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. | |
| 5 | * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 | |
| 6 | * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with | |
| 7 | * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 8 | * | |
| 9 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 10 | * | |
| 11 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 12 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 13 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 14 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 15 | * limitations under the License. | |
| 16 | */ | |
| 17 | package org.apache.commons.collections4.bag; | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | import java.io.IOException; | |
| 20 | import java.io.ObjectInputStream; | |
| 21 | import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; | |
| 22 | import java.io.Serializable; | |
| 23 | import java.util.Collection; | |
| 24 | import java.util.HashMap; | |
| 25 | ||
| 26 | /** | |
| 27 | * Implements {@code Bag}, using a {@link HashMap} to provide the | |
| 28 | * data storage. This is the standard implementation of a bag. | |
| 29 | * <p> | |
| 30 | * A {@code Bag} stores each object in the collection together with a | |
| 31 | * count of occurrences. Extra methods on the interface allow multiple copies | |
| 32 | * of an object to be added or removed at once. It is important to read the | |
| 33 | * interface javadoc carefully as several methods violate the | |
| 34 | * {@link Collection} interface specification. | |
| 35 | * | |
| 36 | * @since 3.0 (previously in main package v2.0) | |
| 37 | * @version $Id: HashBag.java 1685902 2015-06-16 20:13:13Z tn $ | |
| 38 | */ | |
| 39 | public class HashBag<E> extends AbstractMapBag<E> implements Serializable { | |
| 40 | ||
| 41 | /** Serial version lock */ | |
| 42 | private static final long serialVersionUID = -6561115435802554013L; | |
| 43 | ||
| 44 | /** | |
| 45 | * Constructs an empty {@link HashBag}. | |
| 46 | */ | |
| 47 | public HashBag() { | |
| 48 | super(new HashMap<E, MutableInteger>()); | |
| 49 | } | |
| 50 | ||
| 51 | /** | |
| 52 | * Constructs a bag containing all the members of the given collection. | |
| 53 | * | |
| 54 | * @param coll a collection to copy into this bag | |
| 55 | */ | |
| 56 | public HashBag(final Collection<? extends E> coll) { | |
| 57 | this(); | |
| 58 | addAll(coll); | |
| 59 | } | |
| 60 | ||
| 61 | //----------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| 62 | /** | |
| 63 | * Write the bag out using a custom routine. | |
| 64 | */ | |
| 65 | private void writeObject(final ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException { | |
| 66 |
1
1. writeObject : removed call to java/io/ObjectOutputStream::defaultWriteObject → SURVIVED |
out.defaultWriteObject(); |
| 67 |
1
1. writeObject : removed call to org/apache/commons/collections4/bag/AbstractMapBag::doWriteObject → KILLED |
super.doWriteObject(out); |
| 68 | } | |
| 69 | ||
| 70 | /** | |
| 71 | * Read the bag in using a custom routine. | |
| 72 | */ | |
| 73 | private void readObject(final ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { | |
| 74 |
1
1. readObject : removed call to java/io/ObjectInputStream::defaultReadObject → SURVIVED |
in.defaultReadObject(); |
| 75 |
1
1. readObject : removed call to org/apache/commons/collections4/bag/AbstractMapBag::doReadObject → KILLED |
super.doReadObject(new HashMap<E, MutableInteger>(), in); |
| 76 | } | |
| 77 | ||
| 78 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 66 |
1.1 |
|
| 67 |
1.1 |
|
| 74 |
1.1 |
|
| 75 |
1.1 |


Commander Deck Builder
Choose Commander
Build Cardpool
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WITNESS LIST Economic Development Committee May 8, 1997-9:00A HB 381 For: Cloud, Bruce (Bruce Cloud Equipment), Dripping Spring Daniel, Jimmy (Daniel Ins. Co. Inc.), Frisco Gattis, T.C. (Southwest Assoc.), Plainview Tupper, Charles (SW Hardware & Implement), Dallas Against: Cates, Phil (Caterpillar, John Deere), Austin HB 909 For: Davis, Will (TX Assn Life & Health), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Barton, Stancil (American General Corp.), Houston Lee, Randy (Stewart Title Guaranty), Austin McEachern, Michael (American General Corp.), Houston Stillman, William (American General Corp.), Houston On: Brady, Kevin (TDI), Austin HB 976 Registering, but not testifying: For: Fondren, Gene (TWCI Facility), Austin On: Brady, Kevin (TDI), Austin Ferguson, Jan (Property & Casualty Ins), Austin HB 1853 On: Anderson, Lyndon (TDI), Austin Shawn, Jim (TCPIA), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Huxal, Bob (TX Assn. of Ins. Agents), Austin HB 2033 For: Cagle, Anthony (UidiMedix), Austin Moncrief, Jack (self), Austin On: Sullivan, Robert (self), Austin Registering, but not testifying: On: Cobos, Antonio (Medical Examiners Board), Austin Myron, Rhonda (TDI), Austin HB 2105 Registering, but not testifying: For: Schneider, Rob (Consumer's Union), Austin On: Joyner, Guy (TX Secretary of State), Austin HB 3031 For: Shawn, Jim (TCPIA), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Huxel, Bob (TX Assn. of Ins. Agents), Austin On: Anderson, Lyndon (TDI), Austin HB 3383 For: Fry, Jody (Select Homes & TAB), Corpus Christi Shawn, Jim (TCPIA), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Huxel, Bob (TX Assn. Ins. Agents), Austin On: Anderson, Lyndon (TDI), Austin SB 1759 For: Kirchoff, Kim (Local Wkfc Partnership), Austin Ray, Jim (Regional Councils Assn.), Austin On: Sheridan, Mike (TWC), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Jennings, Sheila (Regional Councils Assn.), Austin SB 1948 For: Katz, William (Charitable Accord), Dallas Klein, Daniel (TX Presbyterian Foundtn), Arlington Registering, but not testifying: For: Bristol, George (Charitable Accord), Austin Daly, Richard (TX Catholic Conference), Austin McDonald, Carol (Independent Colleges), Austin Wood, Karen (Baylor University), Waco


75% find it easy to get through to this surgery by phone.
25% usually get to see their favourite GP.
78% got an appointment the last time they tried.
66% described their experience of booking an appointment as good.


I am a highly motivated computer programmer looking to begin a new career in the exciting field of software development. Over the past 4 years I have dedicated countless hours focusing on gaining the skills necessary to excel as a developer through self learning and studies in the Computer Programmer program at Confederation College. I have always been passionate about working with users to create user interfaces that are both functional and beautiful. I have also always enjoyed working with JavaScript, HTML and CSS. For these reasons I have decided that a position as a Front-End Developer would be a great fit for my skills and interests.


"A common and pernicious form of greenwashing is saying one thing on your company's sustainability but doing another thing on the trade associations that you're funding," Ben Ratner told Newsweek.
Do you dream of changing the world? Do you want to make a practical difference in people’s lives? Engineers do both these things. Find out how to join them.
There can be family related, culturally linked, and even political reasons why prospective parents face significant challenges seeking conception treatment. Who can they turn to?
Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha might be considering moving the capital city to outer Bangkok, hoping to reduce crowding, avoid rising sea levels and reduce traffic congestion and smog levels.
Zacharion Townsend has trouble when it comes to fine motor skills, explained his father. It was those struggles that caused his second grade teacher to lash out against the student, he claimed.
Unsubstantiated rumors circulated that Donald Trump would be permitted to run for a third term if the House impeaches the president and the Senate does not confirm it.
The pterosaur fossil is most closely associated with species from the other side of the world, suggesting these creatures could circumnavigate the globe.
"I think that he does a lot of things to save face," former Trump Organization executive Barbara Res said. "There are some things he can't control and he's not at the point where he can control this."


DC Series Motor Environments¶
DC Series Base Motor¶
-
class
gym_electric_motor.envs.gym_dcm.dcm_series.
_DCMSeries
(zero_refs=(), **kwargs)[source]¶ - Description
- Environment for a DC Series Motor. The armature circuit is in series with the excitation circuit.
- Observation:
- Type: Multidimensional Box
Name Observation omega Angular Velocity torque Electrical Torque i Input Current u Input Voltage u_sup Supply Voltage References References in the same order as the state variables
- Example: Omega and i control with prediction horizon 2
- [omega, torque, i, u, u_sup, omega_ref[k], omega_ref[k+1], omega_ref[k+2], i[k], i[k+1], i[k+2]
- Action Space:
- Depends on the converter and if a continuous or discrete action should be used. It is the applied voltage.
- Reward:
- See DCM Base Environment
- Starting State:
- Random initial state, that fulfills some plausibility constraints
- Episode Termination:
- An episode terminates, when all the steps in the reference have been simulated or limits are violated.
DC Discretely Controlled Series Motor¶
Environment ID: emotor-dc-series-disc-v0
DC Continuously Controlled Series Motor¶
Environment ID: emotor-dc-series-cont-v0
-
class
gym_electric_motor.envs.gym_dcm.dcm_series.
DCMSeriesCont
(tau=0.0001, converter_type='1Q', **kwargs)[source]¶ -
step
(action)[source]¶ Clips the action to its limits and uses the base step function
Parameters: action – desired switching state of the converter that should be applied Returns: observation: The observation from the environment reward: The reward for the taken action
bool: Flag if the episode has ended
info: An always empty dictionary
Return type: Tuple(array(float), float, bool, dict)
-


Tuesday 14 March 2017 00.37
Tuesday 14 March 2017 00.37
Monday 14 March 2050 00.37
Tuesday 14 March 2017 00.37


Course Summary
Assignments for this course
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| ID | Name | Description | Start Date | End Date | |
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| {{assignment.assignId}} | {{assignment.name}} | {{assignment.description}} | {{assignment.startDate | date}} | {{assignment.endDate | date}} |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{quiz.qId}} | {{quiz.name}} | {{quiz.date | date}} | {{quiz.duration}} |