Regional Gross Value Added (Income Approach)
- In 2012 the South East had the largest increase in GVA
- Between 1997 and 2011 the contribution of building to total GVA decreased in each of the NUTS1 regions.
Consumer price inflation is the speed at which the prices of goods and services bought by households rise or fall.
Some more content about CPI goes here. This will expand and contract if you have JS enabled. If JS is disabled, this will show by default. Yay progressive enhancement!
The Consumer Price Inflation is a monthly release that contains percentage changes and weights for the CPI, CPIH, RPI and RPIJ.
(10 min read)
The ONS House Price Index (HPI) is a monthly release that publishes figures for mix-adjusted average house prices.
(5 min read)
A first estimate of retail sales in volume and value terms, seasonally and non-seasonally adjusted.
(12 min read)
Statistical bulletin
A comprehensive review on the UK economy, including the latest GDP estimate and other statistical outputs of ONS.
(3 min read)
Expert analysis
This statistical bulletin contains producer price indices of materials and fuels purchased and output of manufacturing.
(10 min read)
Statistical bulletin
A comprehensive review on the UK economy, including the latest GDP estimate and other statistical outputs of ONS.
(1 hour read)
Expert analysis
ONS looks at what is the basket, why it is updated, and what it means to you.
(4,558 words)
Article on BBC website by Joe Grice, Chief economist.


Launching ANDI
Navigate to the page to be tested. Launch ANDI by clicking on the favorite/bookmark labelled "ANDI". ANDI will be inserted onto the page. Get Installation Instructions
If you are experiencing issues launching ANDI please visit the FAQ.
Element Highlights
After ANDI has finished scanning the page, all focusable/interactive elements will be given visual highlights.
Focusable Elements:
Focusable elements will be highlighted with an orange dashed outline (1 pixel thickness) signifying that some accessibility markup was found for the element. A tester should inspect these elements to determine if the ANDI Output is appropriate for its context in the page.
Focusable Elements with Danger Alert:
If ANDI has found a high priority level Accessibility Alert associated with an element, the element will be highlighted with a red, dashed outline (3 pixel thickness).
The Active Element:
As a user navigates the test page ANDI will inspect the element that has focus or is hovered over with the mouse. The element being inspected is called the "Active Element" and will be highlighted with a pinkish-purple solid outline (4 pixel thickness). The Active Element's accessibility markup will be displayed in the Accessibility Components section and its text alternative computation (what a screen reader would say) will appear in the ANDI Output section.
Active Element Inspection
This section allows a user to see accessibility information for the Active Element.
As an element on the page is focused on or hovered over, this section will be updated with information for that element. To prevent this section from updating on mouse hover, hold the shift key (Hover Lock).
This section displays the Element tag name or role, Accessibility Components, ANDI Output, and any Alerts associated with the Active Element.
Element Name / Role
ANDI displays the HTML tag and ARIA role of the Active Element.
This item also functions as a link which, when followed, will shift the focus to the element's location on the page. Hovering over this item will draw a "laser" which points to the location of the element on the test page.
Accessibility Components Table
ANDI performs an automated scan of the test page and searches for HTML tags and attributes that impact accessibility. These tags and attributes are referred to as Accessibility Components and are presented in a table.
Some components scanned for are:
aria-label
, aria-labelledby
, aria-describedby
,
alt
, title
, <caption>
, <figcaption>
,
<label>
, <legend>
,
innerText
.
For more information about Accessibility Components, see the Developer Guide.
ANDI Output
ANDI's Output displays what a screen reader should read audibly which is the accessible name and accessible description. It will also include some phrasings depending on the presence of certain states and properties plus any associating Accessibility Alerts that ANDI has detected.
The ANDI output calculation is based on the Accessible Name and Description Computation, the HTML Accessibility API Mappings, and where specifications are unsupported or vague, thorough analysis of modern screen reader behavior.
Alerts in the Output
Alerts appearing in the Output link to a help page with information about the Alert.
Difference Between Screen Reader Output
Users can expect that ANDI's accessible name and description Output is accurate and should be voiced by screen readers that follow standards.
Screen readers will often add additional verbiage on certain elements such as "button" for buttons and "graphic" for images. ANDI does not incorporate these phrasings and only outputs the text of the components. For example, if the word "button" is in the accessible name or description of a button, a screen reader will most likely say "button" twice, ANDI would not.
Page Analysis
After ANDI has analyzed the page, it will present results in the Page Analysis section.
Appearing in this section are the Total Elements Found, Previous/Next Element Buttons, Additional Page Details, and The Accessibility Alerts List.
Total Elements Found
ANDI will display the total number of elements found on the page, The element types depend on the module selected.
Previous/Next Element Buttons
When pressed, focus will shift to the highlighted element which precedes or follows the active element based on the page's HTML structure; essentially the "previous" or "next" element that ANDI has analyzed.
Additional Page Details
Depending on the module selected, there may be additional results displayed in this section. For example: accesskeys, table list, links list, graphics details.
For more information refer to each module's documentation.
Accessibility Alerts
When ANDI is launched, HTML elements are analyzed for common accessibility issues. When issues found, ANDI generates an Alert that pinpoints potential accessibility issues.
Alerts are contained in the Accessibility Alerts list. The alerts are categorized into three Alert Levels which indicate the likelihood that an accessibility defect is present:
- Danger (red, X icon) - almost certain likelihood of an issue
- Warning (orange, ! icon) - likelihood of an issue or inconsistent behavior with screen readers
- Caution (yellow, ? icon) - needs further investigation
Alerts in the list are organized into groupings. Expanding a group reveals alert messages specific to elements on the page. The messages are links that when followed will place focus on the element to which the alert associates.
Alerts associating with the Active Element will appear in the ANDI Output. Activating an alert in the ANDI Output will open an Alerts Help page which provides details about the specific Alert and remediation steps.
Module Selection Menu
When ANDI is first launched, it scans for focusable/interactive elements. To test other areas of accessibility, ANDI features the ability to launch specialized "modules".
See the Modules Help page for more information about each module.
Controls / Settings Buttons
Controls and Settings buttons are found in the in the upper right corner of ANDI's display.
The buttons are as follows: Relaunch, Advanced Settings, Hotkeys, Help, and Close.
Refresh
To run ANDI consecutively on a test page, press the refresh button. Alternatively, alt+= or pressing the browser's favorite/bookmark button labeled "ANDI" will relaunch ANDI.
When ANDI is refreshed it will first remove the ANDI Bar from from the page along with markup it added to the test page and restart afresh. There should be no need to refresh the test page and then refresh ANDI.
Advanced Settings
Pressing this button will open a menu with some settings for advanced users.
Hotkeys List Button
Pressing the Hotkeys List button will cause a list of ANDI's hotkeys to appear for quick reference.
Help Button
Pressing the Help button opens up ANDI Help (the site you are reading now) in a new window.
If this button is pressed when a module other than "focusable elements" has been selected, it will open the Help for that module.
Close Button
Pressing the Close Button will remove ANDI's display from the page along with all markup it added to the test page. Navigating away from the Test Page or hitting the browser's refresh button (F5) will also remove ANDI.
Version Popup
By clicking the "ANDI" heading text in the upper left of the ANDI Bar, a popup will be displayed containing the version number of ANDI and the module version number.
Advanced Settings
Element Highlights Toggle
This setting will allow a user to hide or show the Element Highlights (outlines) on the test page.
All functions of ANDI remain with the highlights turned off; this control is strictly cosmetic.
An ANDI user who is visually impaired can find similar information that the highlights indicate in the ANDI Output section.
When performing a test of visual indication of focus, it is best to have this setting off or not have ANDI launched.
Note: The ability to turn off element highlights is not available in pages rendered in Internet Explorer 7 or less compatibility modes.
Linearize Page Option
This setting will "linearize" the page by searching for elements that have been positioned with CSS, and repositioning them in the order in which a screen reader would detect them.
Elements that have been repositioned will have a teal colored halo around them.
This can be useful when testing the meaningful sequence of elements on the page.
MiniMode Display Option
This setting condenses ANDI so that more of the test page is visible.
When MiniMode is ON, ANDI's display will appear as follows:
- The Accessible Components Table and Page Analysis section (All Alerts) will be hidden.
- The Element Name/Role, Output (including alerts associating with that element), and Settings/Controls Buttons, Next and Previous Element buttons, and Module Selection Menu will remain visible.
Hotkeys
ANDI has a few built-in hotkeys (also known as shortcut keys) to aid a keyboard user in quick navigation.
alt+= |
Relaunch | |
|---|---|---|
alt+' |
Output Jump | |
alt+/ |
Active Element Jump | |
alt+period |
Next Element | |
alt+comma |
Previous Element | |
alt+grave accent |
Section Jump |
NOTE: Firefox browser uses shift+alt
for hotkeys.
Refresh
alt+=To run ANDI consecutively on a test page, simply press the hotkey (alt & equal sign). Alternativly, pressing the browser's favorite/bookmark button labeled "ANDI" can relaunch ANDI.
When ANDI is refreshed it will first remove the ANDI Bar from the page along with all markup it added to the test page and restart afresh. In other words, there is no need to refresh the test page and then relaunch ANDI.
This Relaunch hotkey has the same function as the Relaunch Button.
Output Jump
alt+'This hotkey (alt & apostrophe) will shift the focus to the ANDI Output. If a screen reader is being used, it would then read the text of the Output. For a visually impaired user, this is very useful when paired with the Active Element Jump hotkey.
Active Element Jump
alt+/When this hotkey (alt & forward slash) is pressed the focus will shift to the Active Element on the test page. For a visually impaired user, this is very useful when paired with the Output Jump hotkey.
Next Element period
alt+When pressed, focus will shift to the highlighted element which follows the active element based on the page's HTML structure; essentially the "next" element.
Previous Element comma
alt+When pressed, focus will shift to the highlighted element which precedes the active element based on the page's HTML structure; essentially the "previous" element.
Section Jump
alt+`Repeatedly hitting this hotkey (alt & grave accent) will allow a user to jump between four sections in order:
- The ANDI logo (the "beginning" of ANDI)
- The Controls Settings Buttons (upper right)
- The Active Element Inspection Section (left)
- The Page Analysis Section (right)
Mouse Controls
Lasers
ANDI has the capability to overlay the test page with a "laser" for the purpose of quickly pointing out the location of associated elements.
Tag Name Laser
When using the mouse to hover over the Element Name in the Active Element Display, a laser will appear on the test page which points at the location of the element that is being inspected in the Active Element Display.
Alert List Lasers
A laser appears when holding the shift key and using the mouse to hover over Alerts in the Alerts List.
Component Lasers
Hovering over the
aria-labelledby
, aria-describedby
, or <label>
component text in the
Accessibility Components Table
will draw a laser which points to the associated element from where the text was retrieved.
Additional Notes:
The lasers will not persist on the screen. i.e. the moment a link is clicked or the mouse moves off the link, it will disappear. It is possible to take a screen shot while the laser is on screen during mouse hover by hitting the keyboard's Print Screen key.
Since ANDI's lasers are built using SVG (scalable vector graphics) ANDI's lasers will not work in versions of Internet Explorer prior to 9 (including compatibility modes).
Hover Lock
When using the mouse to hover over elements on the test page, holding down the shift key will "lock" the Active Element display. While holding down the shift key, if the mouse cursor passes over other elements, the Active Element Display will not change (by design). Releasing the shift key will allow the user to change the Active Element being inspected, as normal.
Concurrent Use
With Screen Readers
ANDI is fully accessible and can be used concurrently with a screen reader.
With Developer Tools
ANDI can be used concurrently with an inspection tool such as a browser's Developer Tools.
Artifacts from ANDI such as
custom data-andi508-*
attributes and ANDI508-*
CSS
classes will appear on elements in the test page but should not affect test page functionality.
Limitations
Dynamic Content
If an area on the Test Page changes dynamically (e.g. clicking on something opens up a submenu or alters screen text), ANDI will not know that the page has changed. To test the updated content, simply refresh ANDI and inspect the newly displayed area.
The Active Element will be retained on refresh, and the components, output, and alerts, will be updated. This provides a way to test dynamically changing properties such as the current state of a table column sorter or an expand/collapse controller.
Frames/iFrames
When ANDI detects frames or iframes on the page, it offers the ability to test the frames and iframes independently in a new window.
Shadow DOM
Currently, ANDI does not recurse into Shadow DOM trees. Therefore, content within Shadow DOMs cannot be tested with ANDI at this time.
Manipulation of the Test Page DOM
ANDI minimizes the manipulation of the test page DOM,
however certain alterations must be made.
To some elements ANDI may add data-*
attributes and some
CSS classes.
These attributes and classes include the string "ANDI508".
To elements that have css fixed positions, ANDI will adjust the top or
bottom distance to ensure that the elements are not blocking view of the
ANDI Bar.
When the Close button is pressed,
ANDI will be removed from the page along with
all modifications to the elements it touched.
Testing ANDI With ANDI
ANDI cannot be used to test ANDI since it fully removes itself before launch. Nice try though. To test ANDI for accessibility, users will have to revert to archaic methods such as directly looking at the code or listening to a screen reader yap about.


|
Assimp
5.0.1, master @ cd42b955
|
Used to load 3D GameStudio HMP files (terrains) More...
Inherits Assimp::MDLImporter.
Public Types | |
| enum | ImporterUnits { M , MM , CM , INCHES , FEET } |
| enum | TextFileMode { ALLOW_EMPTY , FORBID_EMPTY } |
| Enum to define, if empty files are ok or not. More... | |
Public Member Functions | |
| HMPImporter () | |
| ~HMPImporter () | |
| bool | CanRead (const std::string &pFile, IOSystem *pIOHandler, bool checkSig) const |
| Returns whether the class can handle the format of the given file. More... | |
| virtual const ImporterUnits & | GetApplicationUnits () |
| const std::string & | GetErrorText () const |
| Returns the error description of the last error that occurred. More... | |
| const std::exception_ptr & | GetException () const |
| Returns the exception of the last exception that occurred. More... | |
| void | GetExtensionList (std::set< std::string > &extensions) |
| Called by #Importer::GetExtensionList for each loaded importer. More... | |
| virtual double | GetFileScale () const |
| aiScene * | ReadFile (Importer *pImp, const std::string &pFile, IOSystem *pIOHandler) |
| Imports the given file and returns the imported data. More... | |
| virtual void | SetApplicationUnits (const ImporterUnits &unit) |
| virtual void | SetFileScale (double scale) |
| Will be called only by scale process when scaling is requested. More... | |
| void | SetupProperties (const Importer *pImp) |
| Called prior to ReadFile(). More... | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static bool | CheckMagicToken (IOSystem *pIOHandler, const std::string &pFile, const void *magic, unsigned int num, unsigned int offset=0, unsigned int size=4) |
| Check whether a file starts with one or more magic tokens. More... | |
| static void | ConvertToUTF8 (std::vector< char > &data) |
| An utility for all text file loaders. More... | |
| static void | ConvertUTF8toISO8859_1 (std::string &data) |
| An utility for all text file loaders. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| static AI_FORCE_INLINE void | CopyVector (std::vector< std::unique_ptr< T > > &vec, T **&out, unsigned int &outLength) |
| Utility function to move a std::vector of unique_ptrs into a aiScene array. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| static AI_FORCE_INLINE void | CopyVector (std::vector< T > &vec, T *&out, unsigned int &outLength) |
| Utility function to move a std::vector into a aiScene array. More... | |
| static std::string | GetExtension (const std::string &pFile) |
| Extract file extension from a string. More... | |
| static bool | SearchFileHeaderForToken (IOSystem *pIOSystem, const std::string &file, const char **tokens, unsigned int numTokens, unsigned int searchBytes=200, bool tokensSol=false, bool noAlphaBeforeTokens=false) |
| A utility for CanRead(). More... | |
| static bool | SimpleExtensionCheck (const std::string &pFile, const char *ext0, const char *ext1=nullptr, const char *ext2=nullptr) |
| Check whether a file has a specific file extension. More... | |
| static void | TextFileToBuffer (IOStream *stream, std::vector< char > &data, TextFileMode mode=FORBID_EMPTY) |
| Utility for text file loaders which copies the contents of the file into a memory buffer and converts it to our UTF8 representation. More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| std::map< ImporterUnits, double > | importerUnits |
| Assimp Importer unit conversions available NOTE: Valid options are initialised in the constructor in the implementation file to work around a VS2013 compiler bug if support for that compiler is dropped in the future initialisation can be moved back here. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| void | AddAnimationBoneTrafoKey_3DGS_MDL7 (unsigned int iTrafo, const MDL::BoneTransform_MDL7 *pcBoneTransforms, MDL::IntBone_MDL7 **apcBonesOut) |
| Add a bone transformation key to an animation. More... | |
| void | AddBonesToNodeGraph_3DGS_MDL7 (const MDL::IntBone_MDL7 **apcBonesOut, aiNode *pcParent, uint16_t iParentIndex) |
| Add all bones to the nodegraph (as children of the root node) More... | |
| void | BuildOutputAnims_3DGS_MDL7 (const MDL::IntBone_MDL7 **apcBonesOut) |
| Build output animations. More... | |
| void | CalcAbsBoneMatrices_3DGS_MDL7 (MDL::IntBone_MDL7 **apcOutBones) |
| Calculate absolute bone animation matrices for each bone. More... | |
| void | CalculateUVCoordinates_MDL5 () |
| Converts the absolute texture coordinates in MDL5 files to relative in a range between 0 and 1. More... | |
| void | CopyMaterials_3DGS_MDL7 (MDL::IntSharedData_MDL7 &shared) |
| Copies only the material that are referenced by at least one mesh to the final output material list. More... | |
| void | CreateMaterial (const unsigned char *szCurrent, const unsigned char **szCurrentOut) |
| Try to load one material from the file, if this fails create a default material. More... | |
| void | CreateOutputFaceList (unsigned int width, unsigned int height) |
| Build a list of output faces and vertices. More... | |
| void | CreateTexture_3DGS_MDL4 (const unsigned char *szData, unsigned int iType, unsigned int *piSkip) |
| Used to load textures from MDL3/4. More... | |
| void | CreateTexture_3DGS_MDL5 (const unsigned char *szData, unsigned int iType, unsigned int *piSkip) |
| Used to load textures from MDL5. More... | |
| void | CreateTextureARGB8_3DGS_MDL3 (const unsigned char *szData) |
| Load a palletized texture from the file and convert it to 32bpp. More... | |
| void | FreePalette (const unsigned char *pszColorMap) |
| Free a palette created with a previous call to SearchPalette() More... | |
| void | GenerateOutputMeshes_3DGS_MDL7 (MDL::IntGroupData_MDL7 &groupData, MDL::IntSplitGroupData_MDL7 &splitGroupData) |
| Generate the final output meshes for a7 models. More... | |
| void | GenerateTextureCoords (const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height) |
| Generate planar texture coordinates for a terrain. More... | |
| const aiImporterDesc * | GetInfo () const |
| Return importer meta information. More... | |
| void | HandleMaterialReferences_3DGS_MDL7 () |
| Handles materials that are just referencing another material There is no test file for this feature, but Conitec's doc say it is used. More... | |
| void | ImportUVCoordinate_3DGS_MDL345 (aiVector3D &vOut, const MDL::TexCoord_MDL3 *pcSrc, unsigned int iIndex) |
| Read an UV coordinate from the file. More... | |
| void | InternReadFile (const std::string &pFile, aiScene *pScene, IOSystem *pIOHandler) |
| Imports the given file into the given scene structure. More... | |
| void | InternReadFile_3DGS_MDL345 () |
| Import a GameStudio A4/A5 file (MDL 3,4,5) More... | |
| void | InternReadFile_3DGS_MDL7 () |
| Import a GameStudio A7 file (MDL 7) More... | |
| void | InternReadFile_HL1 (const std::string &pFile, const uint32_t iMagicWord) |
| Import a Half-Life 1 MDL file. More... | |
| void | InternReadFile_HL2 () |
| Import a CS:S/HL2 MDL file (not fully implemented) More... | |
| void | InternReadFile_HMP4 () |
| Import a HMP4 file. More... | |
| void | InternReadFile_HMP5 () |
| Import a HMP5 file. More... | |
| void | InternReadFile_HMP7 () |
| Import a HMP7 file. More... | |
| void | InternReadFile_Quake1 () |
| Import a quake 1 MDL file (IDPO) More... | |
| void | JoinSkins_3DGS_MDL7 (aiMaterial *pcMat1, aiMaterial *pcMat2, aiMaterial *pcMatOut) |
| Join two materials / skins. More... | |
| MDL::IntBone_MDL7 ** | LoadBones_3DGS_MDL7 () |
| Load the bone list of a MDL7 file. More... | |
| void | ParseBoneTrafoKeys_3DGS_MDL7 (const MDL::IntGroupInfo_MDL7 &groupInfo, IntFrameInfo_MDL7 &frame, MDL::IntSharedData_MDL7 &shared) |
| Load bone transformation keyframes from a file chunk. More... | |
| void | ParseSkinLump_3DGS_MDL7 (const unsigned char *szCurrent, const unsigned char **szCurrentOut, aiMaterial *pcMatOut, unsigned int iType, unsigned int iWidth, unsigned int iHeight) |
| Parse a skin lump in a MDL7/HMP7 file with all of its features variant 2: Current cursor position is the beginning of the skin data. More... | |
| void | ParseSkinLump_3DGS_MDL7 (const unsigned char *szCurrent, const unsigned char **szCurrentOut, std::vector< aiMaterial * > &pcMats) |
| Parse a skin lump in a MDL7/HMP7 file with all of its features variant 1: Current cursor position is the beginning of the skin header. More... | |
| void | ParseTextureColorData (const unsigned char *szData, unsigned int iType, unsigned int *piSkip, aiTexture *pcNew) |
| Parse texture color data for MDL5, MDL6 and MDL7 formats. More... | |
| bool | ProcessFrames_3DGS_MDL7 (const MDL::IntGroupInfo_MDL7 &groupInfo, MDL::IntGroupData_MDL7 &groupData, MDL::IntSharedData_MDL7 &shared, const unsigned char *szCurrent, const unsigned char **szCurrentOut) |
| Process the frame section at the end of a group. More... | |
| void | ReadFaces_3DGS_MDL7 (const MDL::IntGroupInfo_MDL7 &groupInfo, MDL::IntGroupData_MDL7 &groupData) |
| Read all faces and vertices from a MDL7 group. More... | |
| void | ReadFirstSkin (unsigned int iNumSkins, const unsigned char *szCursor, const unsigned char **szCursorOut) |
| Read the first skin from the file and skip all others ... More... | |
| aiColor4D | ReplaceTextureWithColor (const aiTexture *pcTexture) |
| Checks whether a texture can be replaced with a single color This is useful for all file formats before MDL7 (all those that are not containing material colors separate from textures). More... | |
| void | SearchPalette (const unsigned char **pszColorMap) |
| Try to load a palette from the current directory (colormap.lmp) If it is not found the default palette of Quake1 is returned. More... | |
| void | SetupMaterialProperties_3DGS_MDL5_Quake1 () |
| Setup the material properties for Quake and MDL<7 models. More... | |
| void | SizeCheck (const void *szPos) |
| Check whether a given position is inside the valid range Throw a DeadlyImportError if it is not. More... | |
| void | SizeCheck (const void *szPos, const char *szFile, unsigned int iLine) |
| void | SkipSkinLump_3DGS_MDL7 (const unsigned char *szCurrent, const unsigned char **szCurrentOut, unsigned int iType, unsigned int iWidth, unsigned int iHeight) |
| Skip a skin lump in a MDL7/HMP7 file. More... | |
| void | SortByMaterials_3DGS_MDL7 (const MDL::IntGroupInfo_MDL7 &groupInfo, MDL::IntGroupData_MDL7 &groupData, MDL::IntSplitGroupData_MDL7 &splitGroupData) |
| Sort all faces by their materials. More... | |
| void | ValidateHeader_3DGS_MDL7 (const MDL::Header_MDL7 *pcHeader) |
| Validate the header data structure of a game studio MDL7 file. More... | |
| void | ValidateHeader_HMP457 () |
| Validate a HMP 5,4,7 file header. More... | |
| void | ValidateHeader_Quake1 (const MDL::Header *pcHeader) |
| Validate the header data structure of a Quake 1 model. More... | |
Protected Attributes | |
| ImporterUnits | applicationUnits = ImporterUnits::M |
| unsigned int | configFrameID |
| Configuration option: frame to be loaded. More... | |
| std::string | configPalette |
| Configuration option: palette to be used to decode palletized images. More... | |
| double | fileScale = 1.0 |
| unsigned int | iFileSize |
| Size of the input file in bytes. More... | |
| unsigned int | iGSFileVersion |
| For GameStudio MDL files: The number in the magic word, either 3,4 or 5 (MDL7 doesn't need this, the format has a separate loader) More... | |
| double | importerScale = 1.0 |
| std::string | m_ErrorText |
| Error description in case there was one. More... | |
| std::exception_ptr | m_Exception |
| The exception, in case there was one. More... | |
| ProgressHandler * | m_progress |
| Currently set progress handler. More... | |
| unsigned char * | mBuffer |
| Buffer to hold the loaded file. More... | |
| HalfLife::HL1ImportSettings | mHL1ImportSettings |
| IOSystem * | mIOHandler |
| Output I/O handler. More... | |
| aiScene * | pScene |
| Output scene to be filled. More... | |
Private Member Functions | |
| virtual void | UpdateImporterScale (Importer *pImp) |
Used to load 3D GameStudio HMP files (terrains)
|
inherited |
|
inherited |
| HMPImporter::HMPImporter | ( | ) |
| HMPImporter::~HMPImporter | ( | ) |
|
protectedinherited |
Add a bone transformation key to an animation.
| iTrafo | Index of the transformation (always==frame index?) No need to validate this index, it is always valid. |
| pcBoneTransforms | Bone transformation for this index |
| apcOutBones | Output bones array |
|
protectedinherited |
Add all bones to the nodegraph (as children of the root node)
| apcBonesOut | List of bones |
| pcParent | Parent node. New nodes will be added to this node |
| iParentIndex | Index of the parent bone |
|
protectedinherited |
Build output animations.
| apcBonesOut | List of bones |
|
protectedinherited |
Calculate absolute bone animation matrices for each bone.
| apcOutBones | Output bones array |
|
protectedinherited |
Converts the absolute texture coordinates in MDL5 files to relative in a range between 0 and 1.
|
virtual |
Returns whether the class can handle the format of the given file.
See BaseImporter::CanRead() for details.
Implements Assimp::BaseImporter.
|
staticinherited |
Check whether a file starts with one or more magic tokens.
| pFile | Input file |
| pIOHandler | IO system to be used |
| magic | n magic tokens @params num Size of magic |
| offset | Offset from file start where tokens are located |
| Size | of one token, in bytes. Maximally 16 bytes. |
|
staticinherited |
An utility for all text file loaders.
It converts a file to our UTF8 character set. Errors are reported, but ignored.
| data | File buffer to be converted to UTF8 data. The buffer is resized as appropriate. |
|
staticinherited |
An utility for all text file loaders.
It converts a file from our UTF8 character set back to ISO-8859-1. Errors are reported, but ignored.
| data | File buffer to be converted from UTF8 to ISO-8859-1. The buffer is resized as appropriate. |
|
protectedinherited |
Copies only the material that are referenced by at least one mesh to the final output material list.
All other materials will be discarded.
| shared | -> doc of data structure |
|
inlinestaticinherited |
Utility function to move a std::vector of unique_ptrs into a aiScene array.
| vec | The vector of unique_ptrs to be moved |
| out | The output pointer to the allocated array. |
| numOut | The output count of elements copied. |
|
inlinestaticinherited |
Utility function to move a std::vector into a aiScene array.
| vec | The vector to be moved |
| out | The output pointer to the allocated array. |
| numOut | The output count of elements copied. |
|
protected |
Try to load one material from the file, if this fails create a default material.
|
protected |
Build a list of output faces and vertices.
The function triangulates the height map read from the file
| width | Width of the height field |
| width | Height of the height field |
|
protectedinherited |
Used to load textures from MDL3/4.
| szData | Input data |
| iType | Color data type |
| piSkip | Receive: Size to skip, in bytes |
|
protectedinherited |
Used to load textures from MDL5.
| szData | Input data |
| iType | Color data type |
| piSkip | Receive: Size to skip, in bytes |
|
protectedinherited |
Load a palletized texture from the file and convert it to 32bpp.
|
protectedinherited |
Free a palette created with a previous call to SearchPalette()
|
protectedinherited |
Generate the final output meshes for a7 models.
| groupData | -> doc of data structure |
| splitGroupData | -> doc of data structure |
|
protected |
Generate planar texture coordinates for a terrain.
| width | Width of the terrain, in vertices |
| height | Height of the terrain, in vertices |
|
inlinevirtualinherited |
|
inlineinherited |
Returns the error description of the last error that occurred.
If the error is due to a std::exception, this will return the message. Exceptions can also be accessed with GetException().
|
inlineinherited |
Returns the exception of the last exception that occurred.
Note: Exceptions are not the only source of error details, so GetErrorText should be consulted too.
|
staticinherited |
Extract file extension from a string.
| pFile | Input file |
|
inherited |
Called by #Importer::GetExtensionList for each loaded importer.
Take the extension list contained in the structure returned by GetInfo and insert all file extensions into the given set.
| extension | set to collect file extensions in |
|
inlinevirtualinherited |
|
protectedvirtual |
Return importer meta information.
See #BaseImporter::GetInfo for the details
Implements Assimp::BaseImporter.
|
protectedinherited |
Handles materials that are just referencing another material There is no test file for this feature, but Conitec's doc say it is used.
|
protectedinherited |
Read an UV coordinate from the file.
If the file format is not MDL5, the function calculates relative texture coordinates
| vOut | Receives the output UV coord |
| pcSrc | UV coordinate buffer |
| UV | coordinate index |
|
protectedvirtual |
Imports the given file into the given scene structure.
See BaseImporter::InternReadFile() for details
Implements Assimp::BaseImporter.
|
protectedinherited |
Import a GameStudio A4/A5 file (MDL 3,4,5)
|
protectedinherited |
Import a GameStudio A7 file (MDL 7)
|
protectedinherited |
Import a Half-Life 1 MDL file.
|
protectedinherited |
Import a CS:S/HL2 MDL file (not fully implemented)
|
protected |
Import a HMP4 file.
|
protected |
Import a HMP5 file.
|
protected |
Import a HMP7 file.
|
protectedinherited |
Import a quake 1 MDL file (IDPO)
|
protectedinherited |
Join two materials / skins.
Setup UV source ... etc
| pcMat1 | First input material |
| pcMat2 | Second input material |
| pcMatOut | Output material instance to be filled. Must be empty |
|
protectedinherited |
Load the bone list of a MDL7 file.
|
protectedinherited |
Load bone transformation keyframes from a file chunk.
| groupInfo | -> doc of data structure |
| frame | -> doc of data structure |
| shared | -> doc of data structure |
|
protectedinherited |
Parse a skin lump in a MDL7/HMP7 file with all of its features variant 2: Current cursor position is the beginning of the skin data.
| szCurrent | Current data pointer |
| szCurrentOut | Output data pointer |
| pcMatOut | Output material |
| iType | header.typ |
| iWidth | header.width |
| iHeight | header.height |
|
protectedinherited |
Parse a skin lump in a MDL7/HMP7 file with all of its features variant 1: Current cursor position is the beginning of the skin header.
| szCurrent | Current data pointer |
| szCurrentOut | Output data pointer |
| pcMats | Material list for this group. To be filled ... |
|
protectedinherited |
Parse texture color data for MDL5, MDL6 and MDL7 formats.
| szData | Current data pointer |
| iType | type of the texture data. No DDS or external |
| piSkip | Receive the number of bytes to skip |
| pcNew | Must point to fully initialized data. Width and height must be set. If pcNew->pcData is set to UINT_MAX, piSkip will receive the size of the texture, in bytes, but no color data will be read. |
|
protectedinherited |
Process the frame section at the end of a group.
| groupInfo | -> doc of data structure |
| shared | -> doc of data structure |
| szCurrent | Pointer to the start of the frame section |
| szCurrentOut | Receives a pointer to the first byte of the next data section. |
|
protectedinherited |
Read all faces and vertices from a MDL7 group.
The function fills preallocated memory buffers.
| groupInfo | -> doc of data structure |
| groupData | -> doc of data structure |
|
inherited |
Imports the given file and returns the imported data.
If the import succeeds, ownership of the data is transferred to the caller. If the import fails, nullptr is returned. The function takes care that any partially constructed data is destroyed beforehand.
| pImp | Importer object hosting this loader. |
| pFile | Path of the file to be imported. |
| pIOHandler | IO-Handler used to open this and possible other files. |
|
protected |
Read the first skin from the file and skip all others ...
| iNumSkins | Number of skins in the file |
| szCursor | Position of the first skin (offset 84) |
Checks whether a texture can be replaced with a single color This is useful for all file formats before MDL7 (all those that are not containing material colors separate from textures).
MED seems to write dummy 8x8 monochrome images instead.
| pcTexture | Input texture |
|
staticinherited |
A utility for CanRead().
The function searches the header of a file for a specific token and returns true if this token is found. This works for text files only. There is a rudimentary handling of UNICODE files. The comparison is case independent.
| pIOSystem | IO System to work with |
| file | File name of the file |
| tokens | List of tokens to search for |
| numTokens | Size of the token array |
| searchBytes | Number of bytes to be searched for the tokens. |
|
protectedinherited |
Try to load a palette from the current directory (colormap.lmp) If it is not found the default palette of Quake1 is returned.
|
inlinevirtualinherited |
|
inlinevirtualinherited |
Will be called only by scale process when scaling is requested.
|
protectedinherited |
Setup the material properties for Quake and MDL<7 models.
These formats don't support more than one material per mesh, therefore the method processes only ONE skin and removes all others.
|
virtualinherited |
Called prior to ReadFile().
The function is a request to the importer to update its configuration basing on the Importer's configuration property list.
Reimplemented from Assimp::BaseImporter.
|
staticinherited |
Check whether a file has a specific file extension.
| pFile | Input file |
| ext0 | Extension to check for. Lowercase characters only, no dot! |
| ext1 | Optional second extension |
| ext2 | Optional third extension |
|
protectedinherited |
Check whether a given position is inside the valid range Throw a DeadlyImportError if it is not.
| szPos | Cursor position |
| szFile | Name of the source file from which the function was called |
| iLine | Source code line from which the function was called |
|
protectedinherited |
|
protectedinherited |
Skip a skin lump in a MDL7/HMP7 file.
| szCurrent | Current data pointer |
| szCurrentOut | Output data pointer. Points to the byte just behind the last byte of the skin. |
| iType | header.typ |
| iWidth | header.width |
| iHeight | header.height |
|
protectedinherited |
Sort all faces by their materials.
If the mesh is using multiple materials per face (that are blended together) the function might create new materials.
| groupInfo | -> doc of data structure |
| groupData | -> doc of data structure |
| splitGroupData | -> doc of data structure |
|
staticinherited |
Utility for text file loaders which copies the contents of the file into a memory buffer and converts it to our UTF8 representation.
| stream | Stream to read from. |
| data | Output buffer to be resized and filled with the converted text file data. The buffer is terminated with a binary 0. |
| mode | Whether it is OK to load empty text files. |
|
privatevirtualinherited |
|
protectedinherited |
Validate the header data structure of a game studio MDL7 file.
| pcHeader | Input header to be validated |
|
protected |
Validate a HMP 5,4,7 file header.
|
protectedinherited |
Validate the header data structure of a Quake 1 model.
| pcHeader | Input header to be validated |
|
protectedinherited |
|
protectedinherited |
Configuration option: frame to be loaded.
|
protectedinherited |
Configuration option: palette to be used to decode palletized images.
|
protectedinherited |
|
protectedinherited |
Size of the input file in bytes.
|
protectedinherited |
For GameStudio MDL files: The number in the magic word, either 3,4 or 5 (MDL7 doesn't need this, the format has a separate loader)
|
protectedinherited |
|
inherited |
|
protectedinherited |
Error description in case there was one.
|
protectedinherited |
The exception, in case there was one.
|
protectedinherited |
Currently set progress handler.
|
protectedinherited |
Buffer to hold the loaded file.
|
protectedinherited |
|
protectedinherited |
Output I/O handler.
used to load external lmp files
|
protectedinherited |
Output scene to be filled.


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LOOKING FOR RICHARD (1996) A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1996 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ***
LOOKING FOR RICHARD is Al Pacino's paean to Shakespeare and to acting. The picture is totally his baby. He conceived it, and it is the first film he ever directed. Like many new directors, he is in a rush to try all possible techniques - some work, some don't. The film, for reasons described below, is a frustrating, but ultimately rewarding cinematic experience.
Let me deal first with the single and almost fatal problem with the film and then I can get to the good part. The editing committee of Bill Anderson, Ned Bastille, Andre Betz, and Pasquale Buba is a disaster. Never I have I seen bad editing detract from a film more than it does here.
The movie is about the acting of the play RICHARD III. It interposes scenes of the play with rehearsal sessions and with interviews with scholars and people on the street. This is a technique that holds much promise, but the editing almost sinks it.
In the first half of the picture, people will start to speak, but the editors will cut them off before they can finish their sentence so they can switch to someone else whose words will also be truncated. This makes for an extremely choppy and dizzying experience. I kept wanting to yell at them to let the guy speak. Perhaps this sound bite technique works on MTV, but not with discussions of Shakespeare.
After being convinced I was seeing a film that going to find me with my thumb down, the second part is edited at a pace that allows us to hear the play, the rehearsals, and listen to the opinions so that in the end the picture redeems itself and does end up transferring to the audience an appreciation of the acting profession in general and Shakespeare in particular. As proof of its success, I left the theater wanting to see the play live again soon and to see Ian McKellen's marvelous movie RICHARD III (1995) once more.
Let me give you a taste of LOOKING FOR RICHARD. Pacino talks about the problems of American actors and The Bard saying, "What's this thing that gets between us and Shakespeare?" Vanessa Redgrave tells us the British view that, "In England you have had centuries when words are totally divorced from truth." One actress explains to us about Shakespearean rules, "There are certain rules like iambic pentameter that must be learned, and once learned can be rejected."
Many scenes are set up and just ad-libbed to see what will happen. Pacino takes his friend and co-screenwriter Fredrick Kimball to visit Shakespeare's bed. Kimball expects "an epiphany" and is disappointed. Pacino chides him, "If you're really an actor, you can come back and have an epiphany."
When the producer objects to Pacino's constantly asking scholars their opinions since Pacino is greater than any of them, Pacino admonishes him, "A person has an opinion. It's only an opinion. It's never a question of right or wrong." I think I'll save that quote and use it on the next hundred people that write me with personal insults when I have the bad taste not to like their favorite little movie.
Actually, the producer was correct. Most of the scholars added little over the actors' opinions, but I did like one who said that, "an irony is really only an hypocrisy with style." One woman at a cocktail party says that the way she would make Shakespeare more accessible is, "I'd take Lady Macbeth and put her in a rock 'n' roll context." Now there is an idea, hopefully, whose time has not yet come.
The film is full of Shakespeare and his beautiful and flowery language. Lady Anne (Winona Ryder) tells us, "To take is not to give." And Richard III (Al Pacino) responds, "Was ever woman in this humor won? I'll have her, but I'll not keep her long." At one point he gives the famous, "Now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer." and "A horse, a horse, my Kingdom for a horse."
 These include: Estelle Parsons as Queen Margaret, Alec Baldwin as Clarence, Kevin Spacey as Buckingham, Aidan Quinn as Richmond, Penelope Allen as Queen Elizabeth, Gordon MacDonald as Dorset, Madison Arnold as Rivers, Vincent Angell as Grey, Harris Yulin as King Edward, Timmy Prairie as Prince Edward, and Kevin Conway as Hastings. As appearing as talking heads are: Kenneth Branagh, John Gielgud, Rosemary Harris, Derek Jacobi, and Kevin Kline.
Howard Shore's music is full of dramatic and effective choral pieces.
LOOKING FOR RICHARD runs about 1:50, but my press kit does not give the exact time. It is rated PG-13 for one brief gory scene where blood spurts and for a few cuss words. There is no sex or violence. This film would be fine for any kid old enough to be seriously interested in the subject. If you go to see it, hang in there and you will be rewarded with something special. A mixed, but in the end strong recommendation from me, and I award the film ***.
**** = One of the top few films of this or any year. A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show.  Totally unbearable.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: October 21, 1996
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


public class ColorTuple
extends java.lang.Object
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
ColorTuple()
Basic constructor.
|
ColorTuple(float a,
float b,
float c)
Constructor with values.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static ColorTuple |
fromRGB(java.awt.Color color) |
float |
getA()
Get the 'a' value of the tuple.
|
float |
getB()
Get the 'b' value of the tuple.
|
float |
getC()
Get the 'c' value of the tuple.
|
int |
getChannelAsInt(Channel channel,
int range)
Get a channel value converted to an integer from the provided range (channel * range).
|
java.awt.Color |
getColor(TupleType type)
Get the standard color from the ColorTuple.
|
java.awt.Color |
getHSB()
Get a color from this tuple treating the values as H,S,B (A,B,C);
|
java.awt.Color |
getRGB()
Get a Color from this tuple treating the values as R,G,B (A,B,C).
|
void |
setA(float a)
Set the 'a' value of the tuple.
|
void |
setB(float b)
Set the 'b' value of the tuple.
|
void |
setC(float c)
Set the 'c' value of the tuple.
|
public ColorTuple()
public ColorTuple(float a, float b, float c)
a
- The a value (0.0 to 1.0).b
- The b value (0.0 to 1.0).c
- The c value (0.0 to 1.0).public static ColorTuple fromRGB(java.awt.Color color)
public float getA()
public void setA(float a)
a
- The value of the 'a' tuple.public float getB()
public void setB(float b)
b
- The value of the 'a' tuple.public float getC()
public void setC(float c)
c
- The value of the 'a' tuple.public int getChannelAsInt(Channel channel, int range)
channel
- The channel value to use as a base value.range
- The range to scale the channel by.public java.awt.Color getRGB()
public java.awt.Color getHSB()
public java.awt.Color getColor(TupleType type)
type
- Type of tuple to use as basis for conversion (RGB or HSB)


{% if budget %}
| {{ field }} | {{ value }} € |
| Total number of submissions to challenge | {{ total_submissions }}
{% if total_submissions > 500 %}
This is an unusually high number of submissions. You may want to reconsider the number of submissions for each phase. {% endif %} |


Hello, I'm Giovanni
A Computer Engineering Student at the University of Florida with a passion for learning.Therate packs which had recently been merged by the Covenant leadership. The two clans were ancient enemies that had fought even before the massive civil war that had knocked the Jiralhanae back to a pre-industrial state. Naturally, this led to tensions between the two factions within the pack. One clan
Learn about Gio!
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he University of Florida to a pre-industrial state. Naturally, this led to tensions between the two factions within the pack. One clan
Learn about Gio!
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yingheng he's it161 Test Page
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Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting.


Thousands of Scots left without money after TSB glitch fails to pay wages
Customers have taken to social media to claim they have not been paid - with earnings, benefits, pensions and other payments still outstanding.
by Dailyrecord.co.ukThousands of Scots have been left without access to their wages after payments failed to go through.
Customers have taken to social media to claim they have not been paid - with earnings, benefits, pensions and other payments still outstanding, the Mirror reports.
The glitch is affecting TSB customers with the bank saying it is experiencing some 'delays' to payments.
The bank said a "small number" of customers failed to receive payments due in on Friday, and it has been forced to offer emergency cash to those affected.
Customers who may have incurred extra costs due to the late payments have to keep receipts and can claim once the issue has been resolved.
A TSB statement reads: "Some payments into TSB accounts have been delayed overnight and we are working to process these as soon as possible today.
"We apologise for the inconvenience this has caused and will ensure customers are not left out of pocket."
If you've incurred any extra costs due to today's outage, keep hold of any receipts, call logs and invoices which you can use to make a claim once the issue has been resolved.
"If TSB customers need emergency cash or have any questions they can visit us in branch or contact us via the number on the back of their card," a statement added.
"Customers can still use their cards to make payments or withdraw cash."
Reader Kerry Louise said she's been unable to pay for a deposit on a flat this morning, waking up to "nothing" on the day her £900 payment is due.
"I was expecting my wages this morning and woke up with nothing. I have an appointment before work to put a deposit down for a flat and now cannot do this.
"TSB have ruined everything. I am heartbroken. There's been no explanation, no time limit or anything. This is happening too often and I will be changing banks after this. I cannot believe it," the customer explained.


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Contact No.:
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Opening Hours:
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Address:
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How many handicrafts did you prepare today?
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Chapter 11 The Building Blocks of R: data types, data structures, functions, and packages.
In this chapter, we will learn about some critical building blocks in R that can lead to a lot of frustration if you do not understand these building blocks and how they are used. Once you understand how these building blocks work, you will be able to avoid these frustrations and build some pretty amazing data analysis pipelines.
11.1 Data Types
There are actually six data types in R, though we usually use only use 4 of these for data analysis.
logical (TRUE or FALSE)
integer (1L, 2L) - these take up less memory than a double. You specify a number as an integer (rather than a double) by adding a capital L after the number.
double (aka real or decimal - 2.4, 4.7, pi). Double means that the value is stored in 64 bits (aka double precision)
- note that both integers and doubles have the class of numeric
character (“myeloma” or “michigan”)
complex ( 1+3i, 4-7i) - used under the hood for calculations
raw (hexadecimal codes like B3 or FF) - used to communicate with devices like printers
Note that there is not a true data type for categorical variables, like gender, or race, or ethnicity. These are encoded as factors, which behave mostly like a data type, but are technically a data class. For the purposes of dataframes, factors can be thought of as the 5th data type, but the result of typeof() on a factor variable will be “integer”, as that is how factors are stored, with text attributes for the level names.
Note also that there is not a true data type for dates, or date:times,
as these are stored as doubles in R. Their typeof()
will be double,
but their class()
will be date or dttm. Storing these as doubles does
make it easier to do math to calculate intervals of time.
Note that you can test the type of an object in R with the typeof() function, which will return the data type.
You can also test for a specific data type - is this the right kind of input, with the is.x functions, like is.character(), is.logical(), or is.numeric(). These will return the logical values TRUE or FALSE. This can be important, as many functions will report (or “throw”) an error when they receive the wrong kind of input data.
When needed, you can also convert between data types, by manually coercing an object to a different data type with the as.x functions, like as.character(), as.logical(), as.integer(), or as.numeric() [as.double() ~~ as.numeric()].
Here are 4 examples of testing vectors with the typeof() function. Guess what the returned value will be before you run the code (click on the green arrow at the top right).
# you can test vectors with typeof
typeof(c(1.7,5.3,9.2))
[1] "double"
typeof(c('hypertension', "diabetes", "atherosclerosis"))
[1] "character"
typeof(c(2L, 4L))
[1] "integer"
typeof(c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE))
[1] "logical"
table(InsectSprays$spray)
A B C D E F
12 12 12 12 12 12
typeof(InsectSprays$spray)
[1] "integer"
Here are 3 examples of coverting vectors from one type to another with as.x() functions. Guess what the returned value will be before you run the code (click on the green arrow at the top right).
# you can convert vectors with as.x
<- (c(1.7,5.3,9.2))
numeric <- as.character(numeric)
newvec1 newvec1
[1] "1.7" "5.3" "9.2"
typeof(newvec1)
[1] "character"
<- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
logical <- as.integer(logical)
newvec2 newvec2
[1] 1 0 1
typeof(newvec2)
[1] "integer"
<- c("2.4", "5.3", "7.2")
character <- as.numeric(character)
newvec3 newvec3
[1] 2.4 5.3 7.2
typeof(newvec3)
[1] "double"
11.2 Data Structures
Data structures are the nouns of programming in R. The data items of different types are organized into data structures. R has many data structures, and these include
vector - the most common and basic data structure in R. Most functions in R operate on vectors. These vectorized functions act on every item in the vector, without you having to write a loop. Every item in a vector must be of the same data type. If the items added to a vector are of different data types, they will be silently and automatically coerced to a common data type. Sometimes this is helpful, but sometimes it can surprise you.
<Demo> constructing vectors with concatenate, recycling of values, seq and seqalong, length (vs nchar). Use letters and LETTERS - two built in vectors in base R.
Automatic coercion can be a common source of problems, especially for beginners. R tries to “helpfully” convert vectors from more specific types to more general types automatically and silently when you have mixed data types in a vector/variable column. Imagine you have a numeric vector of potassium values, like
k <- c(4.2, 3.9, 4.5, 4.3, 4.1)
This is fine. k is a numeric class vector, with typeof(k) = double.
But if the next value from the lab comes back as “sample lysed”,
k <- c(4.2, 3.9, 4.5, 4.3, 4.1. “sample lysed”),
R will automatically and silently convert this vector to a more general class and type (“character”)
The ordering of coercion (from more specific to more general) is:
logical -> integer -> numeric -> character -> list
Watch out for:
data of the wrong type in your variable vectors, and
silent changing of your data type - check your variable data types with glimpse() before you dive into data analysis.factors - factors are special vectors used for categorical data. These factors can be ordinal or nominal (unordered), and are important in lots of clinical data, and for modeling or plotting different categories. Factors are essentially integers with special labels (levels) attached. Factors can look like character vectors, but are actually stored as integers, which sometimes leads to unfortunate surprises.
matrix - a matrix is a special case of a vector in R. A matrix must also have only a single data type, and has 2 dimensions. The matrix is filled with values by column as the default, and recycles values if needed. Matrices are often used for gene expression arrays and Omics applications to store lots of numeric results. Matrices are also often used “under the hood” for complex calculations, in the linear algebra used to fit many models.
<Demo matrix letters, nrow=2 vs nrow =6, dim(), matrix(letters, nrow=13), matrix(letters, nrow=2)
list - a list is an all-purpose container for a variety of data types and vectors of any length. Lists are often heterogeneous in both data types and the length of vectors. Lists can even contain other lists. Lists are helpful when you have a related group of heterogeneous objects as results - vectors, dataframes, strings, etc., which can be bundled together in a list.
One example of a list occurs in the
starwars
dataset, which has a row for each character. The column for which films they have appeared in is alist
column. Each cell contains a character vectors of varying length, as each character has appeared in anywhere from 1 to 9 movies (as of 2021).%>% select(name, films) starwars
# A tibble: 87 × 2 name films <chr> <list> 1 Luke Skywalker <chr [5]> 2 C-3PO <chr [6]> 3 R2-D2 <chr [7]> 4 Darth Vader <chr [4]> 5 Leia Organa <chr [5]> 6 Owen Lars <chr [3]> 7 Beru Whitesun lars <chr [3]> 8 R5-D4 <chr [1]> 9 Biggs Darklighter <chr [1]> 10 Obi-Wan Kenobi <chr [6]> # … with 77 more rows
$films %>% head() starwars
[[1]] [1] "The Empire Strikes Back" "Revenge of the Sith" [3] "Return of the Jedi" "A New Hope" [5] "The Force Awakens" [[2]] [1] "The Empire Strikes Back" "Attack of the Clones" [3] "The Phantom Menace" "Revenge of the Sith" [5] "Return of the Jedi" "A New Hope" [[3]] [1] "The Empire Strikes Back" "Attack of the Clones" [3] "The Phantom Menace" "Revenge of the Sith" [5] "Return of the Jedi" "A New Hope" [7] "The Force Awakens" [[4]] [1] "The Empire Strikes Back" "Revenge of the Sith" [3] "Return of the Jedi" "A New Hope" [[5]] [1] "The Empire Strikes Back" "Revenge of the Sith" [3] "Return of the Jedi" "A New Hope" [5] "The Force Awakens" [[6]] [1] "Attack of the Clones" "Revenge of the Sith" [3] "A New Hope"
Lists can be a bit clunky to work with, as they nest more than a single value into a single cell. Sometimes this nested format can be helpful, and sometimes it is preferable to unnest() the data into a longer format.
%>% select(name, films) starwars
# A tibble: 87 × 2 name films <chr> <list> 1 Luke Skywalker <chr [5]> 2 C-3PO <chr [6]> 3 R2-D2 <chr [7]> 4 Darth Vader <chr [4]> 5 Leia Organa <chr [5]> 6 Owen Lars <chr [3]> 7 Beru Whitesun lars <chr [3]> 8 R5-D4 <chr [1]> 9 Biggs Darklighter <chr [1]> 10 Obi-Wan Kenobi <chr [6]> # … with 77 more rows
# gives you a hidden list of films %>% starwars select(name, films) %>% unnest(cols = c(films))
# A tibble: 173 × 2 name films <chr> <chr> 1 Luke Skywalker The Empire Strikes Back 2 Luke Skywalker Revenge of the Sith 3 Luke Skywalker Return of the Jedi 4 Luke Skywalker A New Hope 5 Luke Skywalker The Force Awakens 6 C-3PO The Empire Strikes Back 7 C-3PO Attack of the Clones 8 C-3PO The Phantom Menace 9 C-3PO Revenge of the Sith 10 C-3PO Return of the Jedi # … with 163 more rows
# unnest expands to multiple rows to show detail
Lists can be useful for bundling togther related data of different types, like the results of a t-test.
<- list ( t_test_output "Welch Two Sample t-test", c("data: height by gender"), data.frame(t = -1.5596, df = 37.315, p = 0.1273) ) t_test_output
[[1]] [1] "Welch Two Sample t-test" [[2]] [1] "data: height by gender" [[3]] t df p 1 -1.5596 37.315 0.1273
data frame - a very important data structure in R, which corresponds to rectangular data in a spreadsheet. A data frame is a table of vectors (columns of variables) of the same length. If new vectors are added with a different length, an error will occur. Unlike a matrix, each vector (aka column, aka variable) in a dataframe can be a different data type. So you can combine character strings, integers, real numbers, logical values, and factors in a rectangular data frame in which each row is one observation, and the variables/columns/vectors are the values that are measured at that observation. A data frame can be thought of as a strict version of a list, in which each item in the list is an atomic vector (single data type) and must have the same length. You can even have list columns within a data frame. Note that if you run the typeof() function on a dataframe, it will report that it is a list.
You can build a dataframe from a set of vectors (variables) by binding these together as columns/variables with thetibble()
function.<- c(1,1,2,2, 3,3) pat_id <- c(lubridate::ymd("2020-11-07", "2020-12-03", "2020-12-02", "2020-12-15", "2020-11-09", "2020-12-02")) date <- c(5.1, 3.2, 7.6, 4.1, 4.3, 1.7) crp <- tibble(pat_id, date, crp) new_df new_df
# A tibble: 6 × 3 pat_id date crp <dbl> <date> <dbl> 1 1 2020-11-07 5.1 2 1 2020-12-03 3.2 3 2 2020-12-02 7.6 4 2 2020-12-15 4.1 5 3 2020-11-09 4.3 6 3 2020-12-02 1.7
- tibble - a tibble is a modern upgrade to the data frame,
with clear delineation of data types and printing that does not
continuously spew out of your console. It also has the
properties of a data frame underneath the additional features.
You can convert a dataframe to a tibble with
tibble()
, or use tibble to build with vectors
tibble(new_df)
# A tibble: 6 × 3 pat_id date crp <dbl> <date> <dbl> 1 1 2020-11-07 5.1 2 1 2020-12-03 3.2 3 2 2020-12-02 7.6 4 2 2020-12-15 4.1 5 3 2020-11-09 4.3 6 3 2020-12-02 1.7
tibble(pat_id, date, crp)
# A tibble: 6 × 3 pat_id date crp <dbl> <date> <dbl> 1 1 2020-11-07 5.1 2 1 2020-12-03 3.2 3 2 2020-12-02 7.6 4 2 2020-12-15 4.1 5 3 2020-11-09 4.3 6 3 2020-12-02 1.7
You can also build new row-wise tibbles with the
tribble()
function.tribble( ~pat_id, ~date, ~crp, 1, lubridate::ymd("2020-12-04"), 5.1, 1, lubridate::ymd("2020-12-09"), 3.7, 2, lubridate::ymd("2020-11-23"), 3.6, 2, lubridate::ymd("2020-11-29"), 1.9, 3, lubridate::ymd("2020-12-14"), 1.9, 3, lubridate::ymd("2020-12-27"), 0.6 )
# A tibble: 6 × 3 pat_id date crp <dbl> <date> <dbl> 1 1 2020-12-04 5.1 2 1 2020-12-09 3.7 3 2 2020-11-23 3.6 4 2 2020-11-29 1.9 5 3 2020-12-14 1.9 6 3 2020-12-27 0.6
- tibble - a tibble is a modern upgrade to the data frame,
with clear delineation of data types and printing that does not
continuously spew out of your console. It also has the
properties of a data frame underneath the additional features.
You can convert a dataframe to a tibble with
R uses many other custom objects to contain things like a linear model, or the results of a t test. Many functions and packages build specific custom objects which are built upon these basic data structures.
Similar to data types, functions in R are often designed to work on a specific data structure, and using the wrong data structure as input to a function will result in errors. It is important to be able to check your data structures as part of your initial DEV (Data Evaluation and Validation) process in order to avoid problems and prevent errors.
11.3 Examining Data Types and Data Structures
There are a number of helpful base R functions to help you examine what the objects in your Environment actually are. This is an important step in avoiding errors, or in avoiding needing to diagnose them after the fact.
assigning an object (not =)
When you create a new object (dataframe, tibble, vector), it is transient. As soon as it prints to the Console, it is gone. If you want to refer back to it, or process it further later, you need to assign it to an object in your environment. When you do this, it will appear in your Environment pane in RStudio.
To do this, you use an arrow from your code to the name of the new
object. It is helpful to use concise names that are descriptive, in
lower case with minimal punctuation (underscores and dashes are fine),
no spaces, and that start with letters rather than numbers. It is
important to avoid using R function names (like data or df or
sum) as names for your objects. You can use either leftward arrows
(Less than then dash key) <-
or rightward arrows ->
(dash key then
greater than key) to assign data to an object.
# example 1
<- starwars %>%
tall filter(height > 200)
# example 2
%>%
starwars filter(height <70) ->
short
Leftward arrows are thought of as sort of like the title of a recipe. In the first example above, you can read this as, “I am going to make a tibble of tall characters. I will start with the starwars dataset, then filter by height >100 to get this tall tibble”.
But most people don’t think or talk this way, and it is recommended to write “literate code” - which can be read naturally by humans and by computers. These data pipelines should read like sentences. Generally, we use the literate programming format in example 2 above for data wrangling, starting with a subject (starwars dataset), then one or more (automatically indented) verbs (functions) that wrangle the data, then end with the predicate (a new noun - the new resulting dataset). To do this requires the rightward arrow. To avoid hiding the resulting dataset in a thicket of code, remove the automatic indent and put this new object on the left margin.
Once you have an object, you can use several functions to examine what you have, and to make sure that it is in the right format for future data wrangling or plotting functions.
The str()
function, denoting structure, is a good place to start
interrogating data structures.
Try this out.  It also meets the definitions of a table and a dataframe. Then the output shows each variable. The first 11 are either character or integer types. The last 3 (films, vehicles, starships) are all list-columns, and are more complicated.

If you want more detail about a given variable inside this dataframe,
you can use typeof()
or class()
.
typeof(starwars$mass)
[1] "double"
class(starwars$mass)
[1] "numeric"
For character variables, typeof()
is the same as class()
. But these
are different for doubles and factors.
Sometimes you want a quick look at all the variable names of a dataset.
The functions names()
or colnames()
can quickly get you a vector of
these names.
names(starwars)
[1] "name" "height" "mass" "hair_color"
[5] "skin_color" "eye_color" "birth_year" "sex"
[9] "gender" "homeworld" "species" "films"
[13] "vehicles" "starships"
colnames(starwars)
[1] "name" "height" "mass" "hair_color"
[5] "skin_color" "eye_color" "birth_year" "sex"
[9] "gender" "homeworld" "species" "films"
[13] "vehicles" "starships"
If you want the dimensions of your dataset, you can use dim()
. To just
get the number of rows or columns, you can use nrow()
or ncol()
.
When you have a numeric matrix, sometimes you have a ’bonus” column of
rownames
, which is a special column that specifies the observation,
but does not have a normal column name. This keeps character strings out
of the matrix, which can only have one data type. This is kind of a
pain, especially if you need to access the information in the rownames
column. When this is the case, the dplyr function
rownames_to_column(matrix_name)
is very helpful. The default name is
rowname
, but you can supply a better one. Run the example below in
your Console pane.
rownames_to_column(mtcars, var = "make_model")
make_model mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec
1 Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46
2 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02
3 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61
4 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44
5 Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02
6 Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22
7 Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84
8 Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00
9 Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90
10 Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30
11 Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90
12 Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40
13 Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60
14 Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00
15 Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98
16 Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82
17 Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42
18 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47
19 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52
20 Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90
21 Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01
22 Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87
23 AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30
24 Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41
25 Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05
26 Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90
27 Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70
28 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90
29 Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50
30 Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50
31 Maserati Bora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60
32 Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60
vs am gear carb
1 0 1 4 4
2 0 1 4 4
3 1 1 4 1
4 1 0 3 1
5 0 0 3 2
6 1 0 3 1
7 0 0 3 4
8 1 0 4 2
9 1 0 4 2
10 1 0 4 4
11 1 0 4 4
12 0 0 3 3
13 0 0 3 3
14 0 0 3 3
15 0 0 3 4
16 0 0 3 4
17 0 0 3 4
18 1 1 4 1
19 1 1 4 2
20 1 1 4 1
21 1 0 3 1
22 0 0 3 2
23 0 0 3 2
24 0 0 3 4
25 0 0 3 2
26 1 1 4 1
27 0 1 5 2
28 1 1 5 2
29 0 1 5 4
30 0 1 5 6
31 0 1 5 8
32 1 1 4 2
11.4 Functions
Functions are the verbs of programming in R. Functions act on existing data objects to rearrange them, change them, analyze them, plot them, or report them. Functions in R can do almost anything, and can work together in pipelines (aka chains) to do more complex and interesting things. Functions can call (activate) other functions, and you can build your own custom functions, which comes in handy when you want to do something similar multiple times, like summarizing data on 5 different variables.
You could run a custom summary function on each variable (the argument to the function) each time, or use a programming function like map to run the function over a vector or list of the variables needed.
You can see the inner workings of a function by just entering it into the RStudio console without parentheses. For example, for sd (standard deviation).
sd
function (x, na.rm = FALSE)
sqrt(var(if (is.vector(x) || is.factor(x)) x else as.double(x),
na.rm = na.rm))
<bytecode: 0x1565a5a90>
<environment: namespace:stats>
You can see the inner workings of the sd function. This function takes
the variance, then the square root of a vector, which is correct for
producing a standard deviation. To run any function, you need to supply
the parentheses, which normally contain the arguments (options) and
identify the input data. Note that in a data pipe, the first argument is
the incoming data, and does not need to be explicitly named in tidyverse
functions. In older, non-tidyverse functions, data is often not the
first argument, and needs to be named explicitly in a data pipeline,
with the argument data = .
telling the function to use the incoming
data from the pipeline.
To actually run any function, you need to include the parentheses at the end, even if you do not include any arguments. Two examples to try on your own are:
Sys.Date()
installed.packages()
Give these a try in your Console pane.
11.5 Packages
Packages make functions transportable and shareable. You can bundle a group of related functions into a package, and put it on Github, or even on CRAN, where other people can download it and use these functions for themselves. This can be helpful for miscellaneous functions that co-workers often use, or for a group of functions that work well together in a particular workflow.
Packages can also contain data, which can be used for teaching examples, or as a way to share data. Packages can also contain tutorials related to the functions or the data in the package.
Packages are like apps that you add to a phone to give it new functions. Packages enhance what you can do with R. When you start an R session in RStudio, your base R installation comes with 9 packages. You can see these listed by Clicking on Session/Restart R, then running print(.packages()) or search() in the Console pane. These packages include stats, graphics, grDevices, utils, datasets, devtools, usethis, methods, and base. You will also see the Global Environment and rstudio tools, and any autoloaded packages in this list. These are listed by their order on the search path.
When you run (aka call) a function, R will search this path in order, starting with the Global Environment, then sequentially in the packages loaded, in order, for the function. This means that a function in a package loaded last (at the beginning of the search path) will mask a function with the same name in a package loaded earlier (like base, which is at the end of the search path). When you run the library() function to load a package, R will warn you about conflicts if you load a package with a function with the same name as a function in an already-loaded package.
You can install more packages with the .install.packages() function, and see a pretty printed version of a list of all the installed packages with the library() function (with no arguments in the parentheses). You can get a matrix version (less pretty, but more accessible/manipulable) with the .installed.packages() function in the Console pane. You only have to install a package into your current library once. But to use a package in a current R session, you have to load it with the library(packagename) function.
Let’s try this out on your own computer, within RStudio.
First, within RStudio, go to the top menu bar and select Session/Restart R (Shift-Cmd-F10) to restart R and get a fresh, clean session.
Then go to the Console pane and run the search()
function. [Type in
search() and press Return]
You will see the search path, and all the currently loaded packages, in order.
You can get a vector of just the loaded packages by going to the Console
pane and running print(.packages())
Now load the tidyverse package by running the following in the Console
pane:
library(tidyverse)
Note that there are 8 packages installed in addition to the {tidyverse}
package (tidyverse is a meta-package, composed of multiple packages).
Also note that there are two Conflicts reported. Two functions in the
{dplyr} package, filter()
and lag()
have the same names as functions
in the {stat} package.
This means that when you run filter()
or lag()
, the default will be
to run the {dplyr} versions, as these were installed last. These are
earlier in the search path, and will mask the {stats} versions.
You can still use the stats versions if you want to, by using the
package prefix, with the format stats::filter()
to make clear that you
want this version, rather than dplyr::filter().
Now check what your search path looks like with search()
. The nine
packages from tidyverse (including tidyverse itself) should now be right
after .GlobalEnv
at the front of the search path, as they were
installed last.
If you now run print(.packages())
in the Console pane, you should now
have 18 packages loaded.
<Demo - run library(tidyverse) - see the Conflicts warning about filter and lag.><run search() again to see that tidyverse is a meta-package - with multiple new packages loaded in the search path).
Packages are stored in libraries. You have a global library, and you can have project-specific libraries. You can see the file paths to your available libraries with the function .libPaths(). This will print (to the Console) the path to your package library for your specific major version of R.
# You can check your own library path
# Run this function in your Rstudio Console to find the current library on your computer
.libPaths()
[1] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.2-arm64/Resources/library"
11.6 The Building Blocks of R
Now you know about the 4 key building blocks of R, and how they work.
Being able to check data types with typeof() and data structures with str() will help you avoid running functions on data that is not in the right format for a particular function. Dataframes and tibbles will be the key data structures which you will frequently manipulate with functions to wrangle, analyze, visualize, and report your medical research.


| Properties' Summary |
[ readonly ] boolean
IsSearchable |
indicates whether the column can be used in a Where clause.
|
[ readonly ] boolean
IsSigned |
indicates whether values in the column are signed numbers.
|
[ readonly ] boolean
IsCaseSensitive |
indicates that a column is case sensitive.
|
[ readonly ] long
DisplaySize |
indicates the column's normal max width in chars..
|
[ readonly ] string
Label |
gets the suggested column title for use in printouts and
displays.
|
[ readonly ] boolean
IsReadOnly |
indicates whether a column is definitely, not writable.
|
[ readonly ] boolean
IsWritable |
indicates whether it is possible for a write on the column to succeed.
|
[ readonly ] boolean
IsDefinitelyWritable |
indicates whether a write on the column will definitely succeed.
|
[ readonly ] string
ServiceName |
returns the fully-qualified name of the service whose instances
are manufactured if the method
XRow::getObject)=
is called to retrieve a value from the column.
|
[ readonly ] string
TableName |
gets a column's table name.
|
[ readonly ] string
SchemaName |
gets a column's schema name.
|
[ readonly ] string
CatalogName |
gets a column's table's catalog name.
|
| Properties' Details |
IsSearchable
[ readonly ] boolean IsSearchable;
- Description
- indicates whether the column can be used in a Where clause.
|
|
IsSigned
[ readonly ] boolean IsSigned;
- Description
- indicates whether values in the column are signed numbers.
|
|
IsCaseSensitive
[ readonly ] boolean IsCaseSensitive;
- Description
- indicates that a column is case sensitive.
|
|
DisplaySize
[ readonly ] long DisplaySize;
- Description
- indicates the column's normal max width in chars..
|
|
Label
[ readonly ] string Label;
- Description
- gets the suggested column title for use in printouts and
displays.
|
|
IsReadOnly
[ readonly ] boolean IsReadOnly;
- Description
- indicates whether a column is definitely, not writable.
|
|
IsWritable
[ readonly ] boolean IsWritable;
- Description
- indicates whether it is possible for a write on the column to succeed.
|
|
IsDefinitelyWritable
[ readonly ] boolean IsDefinitelyWritable;
- Description
- indicates whether a write on the column will definitely succeed.
|
|
ServiceName
[ readonly ] string ServiceName;
- Description
- returns the fully-qualified name of the service whose instances
are manufactured if the method
XRow::getObject)=
is called to retrieve a value from the column.
|
|
TableName
[ readonly ] string TableName;
- Description
- gets a column's table name.
|
|
SchemaName
[ readonly ] string SchemaName;
- Description
- gets a column's schema name.
|
|
CatalogName
[ readonly ] string CatalogName;
- Description
- gets a column's table's catalog name.
|
|
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


All that is gold does not glitter, Not all those who wander are lost; The old that is strong does not wither, Deep roots are not reached by the frost. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien


| Campaign Name | Unique Code | # Leads | Created On | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
{{campaign.name}}
Follow the following instructions to insert email signature:
Follow the below instructions to insert widget in your document:
Copy the below html code and Paste it in your website
|
{{campaign.uniqueCode}} | {{campaign.numberOfLeads}} | {{campaign.created | amDateFormat:'MMM DD, YYYY'}} | Get Code |
Please enter Campaign Name
Please assign a widget to this campaign


#include <emif.h>
Data Fields | |
| EMIF_SyncNarrowMode | narrowMode |
| Read Setup Cycles. More... | |
| EMIF_SyncBank | iBank |
| Banks available in SDRAM device. More... | |
| EMIF_SyncCASLatency | casLatency |
| CAS Latency for SDRAM device. More... | |
| EMIF_SyncPageSize | pageSize |
| Pagesize of SDRAM device. More... | |
Values that can be passed to EMIF_setSyncMemoryConfig() as the config parameter.
| EMIF_SyncNarrowMode EMIF_SyncConfig::narrowMode |
Read Setup Cycles.
Referenced by EMIF_setSyncMemoryConfig().
| EMIF_SyncBank EMIF_SyncConfig::iBank |
Banks available in SDRAM device.
Referenced by EMIF_setSyncMemoryConfig().
| EMIF_SyncCASLatency EMIF_SyncConfig::casLatency |
CAS Latency for SDRAM device.
Referenced by EMIF_setSyncMemoryConfig().
| EMIF_SyncPageSize EMIF_SyncConfig::pageSize |
Pagesize of SDRAM device.
Referenced by EMIF_setSyncMemoryConfig().


Appending Private Memos to a File List
Selected from the Append button menu in the file list dialog.
Selecting Memo from the Append menu adds a private note to the end of your file list. This note is only visible when you are editing the file list, it will not appear in the users' file list.
The description editor is then started allowing you to type in whatever text you like; this text can extend over more than one line, the private memo in your file list being expanded as required when you leave the description editor.


This sample demonstrates how to integrate with the My People feature in Windows.
Select one or more contacts from the list on the right and tap 'add to My People'.
You will see the selected contacts appear in the My People area of your taskbar,
if you have this enabled.
Tap the 'show in People app' to see how contacts added to My People are available
to other apps across the operating system.


Programming has many languages you can choose from that are based on front end and back end coding. There's front end which designs the webpage. You can create something beautiful with colors and layouts. Back end is all about how it works and what will work.
But to know which one fits you, here are questions for you to answer.
Seeing as how you would rather do something else than code...


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| static void | DrawBoundingBox (BoundingBox boundingBox, Transform transform, Color color, bool showPosition, float duration=0.0f) |
| | This function draws a bounding box using Debug.DrawLine, so Gizmos have to be enabled to see them. This functionality has been provided by Garrison Price. Adapted by Simon M. Fraiss. More...
|
| |
| static void | DrawBoundingBoxInEditor (BoundingBox boundingBox, Transform transform) |
| | This function draws a bounding box using Gizmos.DrawLine and is used for displaying bounding boxes in the editor. This functionality has been provided by Garrison Price. Adapted by Simon M. Fraiss. More...
|
| |
◆ DrawBoundingBox()
| static void BAPointCloudRenderer.Utility.BBDraw.DrawBoundingBox |
( |
BoundingBox |
boundingBox, |
|
|
Transform |
transform, |
|
|
Color |
color, |
|
|
bool |
showPosition, |
|
|
float |
duration = 0.0f |
|
) |
| |
|
inlinestatic |
This function draws a bounding box using Debug.DrawLine, so Gizmos have to be enabled to see them. This functionality has been provided by Garrison Price. Adapted by Simon M. Fraiss.
- Parameters
-
| boundingBox | Bounding Box to dislpay |
| transform | Transform that should be applied to the bounding box, or null |
| color | Color to use |
| showPosition | If true, the position will be marked by three vectors |
| duration | Duration to display the box (default is 0.0f, which means just one frame) |
◆ DrawBoundingBoxInEditor()
| static void BAPointCloudRenderer.Utility.BBDraw.DrawBoundingBoxInEditor |
( |
BoundingBox |
boundingBox, |
|
|
Transform |
transform |
|
) |
| |
|
inlinestatic |
This function draws a bounding box using Gizmos.DrawLine and is used for displaying bounding boxes in the editor. This functionality has been provided by Garrison Price. Adapted by Simon M. Fraiss.
- Parameters
-
| boundingBox | Bounding Box to display |
| transform | Transform to apply on the bounding box, or null |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- BAPointCloudRenderer/Utility/BBDraw.cs


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| GTK+ 2.0 Tutorial using Ocaml | ||
|---|---|---|
| <<< Previous | Container Widgets | Next >>> |
The Layout container is similar to the Fixed container except that it implements an infinite (where infinity is less than 2^32) scrolling area. The X window system has a limitation where windows can be at most 32767 pixels wide or tall. The Layout container gets around this limitation by doing some exotic stuff using window and bit gravities, so that you can have smooth scrolling even when you have many child widgets in your scrolling area.
A Layout container is created using GPack.layout:
val GPack.layout : ?hadjustment:GData.adjustment -> ?vadjustment:GData.adjustment -> ?layout_width:int -> ?layout_height:int -> ?border_width:int -> ?width:int -> ?height:int -> ?packing:(GObj.widget -> unit) -> ?show:bool -> unit -> layout |
As you can see, you can optionally specify the Adjustment objects that the Layout widget will use for its scrolling.
You can add and move widgets in the Layout container using the following two functions:
method move : GObj.widget -> x:int -> y:int -> unit method put : GObj.widget -> x:int -> y:int -> unit |
The size of the Layout container can be set using the next functions:
method set_height : int -> unit method set_width : int -> unit |
The final four functions for use with Layout widgets are for manipulating the horizontal and vertical adjustment widgets:
method hadjustment : GData.adjustment method vadjustment : GData.adjustment method set_hadjustment : GData.adjustment -> unit method set_vadjustment : GData.adjustment -> unit |
| <<< Previous | Home | Next >>> |
| Fixed Container | Up | Frames |


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WITNESS LIST Education Reform & Public School Finance, Sel Committee April 3, 2006 - 9:00A Texas Tax Reform Commission FOR: Sharp, John (Tax Commission), Austin, TX Wolf, Howard (Texas Tax Reform Commissioner), Austin, TX Public Testimony-Incentive Pay AGAINST: Kouri, Richard Director of Public Affairs (TSTA), Austin, TX Public Testimony-Teacher Incentives (Performance Pay) AGAINST: Eaton, Holly Director of Professional Development & Advocacy (Tx Classroom Teachers Association), Austin, TX Public and Higher Education Alignment ON: Neeley, Dr. Shirley J. Commissioner of Education (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX Paredes, Dr. Raymund A. Commissioner of Higher Education (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board), Austin, TX Public Testimony ON: Lavine, Dick Senior Fiscal Analyst (Center for Public Policy Priorities), Austin, TX Public Testimony-Governor's Tax Proposal ON: Hartman, Eric Legislative Director (Texas Federation of Teachers), Austin, TX Public Testimony-School Finance/Tax Rate Compression ON: Colbert, Paul Consultant (Self), Houston, TX School Finance Distribution ON: Anderson, David General Counsel (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX Parks, Ursula Manager, Public Education Team (Legislative Budget Board), Austin, TX Tax Discussion ON: Baadsgaard, Sue Director (Pricewaterhouse Coopers), Dallas, TX Craymer, Dale Chief Economist (Texas Taxpayers & Research Assoc.), Austin, TX Ohlenforst, Cindy Partner (Hughes & Luce, LLP), Dallas, TX Pulman, Charles D. (Self), Dallas, TX Texas Tax Reform Commission ON: LeBas, James (Staff) (Tax Reform Commission), Austin, TX


Find life after the storm.
Learn more
For original and official website please visit AllianceOfHope.org Site Redesign by Daniel Solsman email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Last updated August, 2016Please visit my personal blog and portfolio atDannySolsman.com


Multidimensional nonparametric spatio-temporal (geo)statistics. S3 classes and methods for multidimensional: linear binning, local polynomial kernel regression, density and variogram estimation. Nonparametric methods for trend and variogram inference.
| Version: | 0.5-3 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.14.0), graphics |
| Imports: | quadprog, methods |
| Suggests: | sp, gstat, geoR, fields, DEoptim |
| Published: | 2016-09-29 |
| Author: | Ruben Fernandez-Casal |
| Maintainer: | Ruben Fernandez-Casal <rubenfcasal at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: | http://github.com/rubenfcasal/npsp/issues |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| URL: | http://github.com/rubenfcasal/npsp |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Materials: | README ChangeLog |
| CRAN checks: | npsp results |
| Reference manual: | npsp.pdf |
| Package source: | npsp_0.5-3.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: npsp_0.5-3.zip, r-release: npsp_0.5-3.zip, r-oldrel: npsp_0.5-3.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: npsp_0.5-3.tgz, r-oldrel: npsp_0.5-3.tgz |
| Old sources: | npsp archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=npsp to link to this page.


To update simply replace all previous dcs-get code in your .bashrc with the latest code available here.
Add to .bashrc:
##################### # dcs-get installer # ##################### function _dcs-get() { if [[ ! -n "$SSH_TTY" && ! -z "$PS1" ]] then if [[ ! -d /var/tmp/dcs-get || ! -O /var/tmp/dcs-get ]] then cd /var/tmp wget -q -T 1 -t 2 http://backus.uwcs.co.uk/dcs-get/dcs-get-install if [[ -e /var/tmp/dcs-get-install ]]; then chmod u+x dcs-get-install ./dcs-get-install "1.0" if [ $? -ne 0 ] then rm dcs-get-install cd return 1 fi rm dcs-get-install else echo "Backus is down, dcs-get is currently unavailiable." fi cd fi if [[ -d /var/tmp/dcs-get && -O /var/tmp/dcs-get ]] then export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/var/tmp/dcs-get/lib export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/var/tmp/dcs-get/lib/pkgconfig export PATH=/var/tmp/dcs-get/bin:$PATH ##################### # Add dcs-get install (package)-(version) # below this comment (and before both 'fi') to install packages on login ##################### fi fi } _dcs-get ##################### # END dcs-get # #####################
You can view the available packages here,
To package git version 1.2.3 you would run the following commands (may need altering, comments in brackets):
wget http://theinternet/git-1.2.3.tar.gz (i.e. download the source for your package) tar zxf git-1.2.3.tar.gz (extract the source) cd git-1.2.3 (go to the source directory) ./configure --prefix=/var/tmp/dcs-get/git-1.2.3 (configure for installation in appropriate folder under /var/tmp/dcs-get) make make install dcs-get gensymlinks git-1.2.3 (generate symlinks in bin and lib for the package, may need to be done manually for some things) dcs-get package git-1.2.3 (build a .tar.gz for the folder and any files linked from bin or lib)
You now have a file in /var/tmp/dcs-get/downloaded which can be uploaded to backus as a package!
########################### # dcs-get tab completion # ########################### shopt -s progcomp complete -F _tabcomp dcs-get _tabcomp() { local cur prev opts base COMPREPLY=() cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}" prev="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}" opts="$(dcs-get commands)" case ${#COMP_WORDS[@]} in 2) COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${opts}" -- ${cur})) return 0 ;; 3) first="${COMP_WORDS[1]}" case "$first" in install | i) COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$(dcs-get simple-list)' -- ${cur}) ) return 0 ;; gensymlinks | g | package | p | reinstall | p | upload | u) COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$(ls /var/tmp/dcs-get/ | grep -)' -- ${cur}) ) return 0 ;; *) return 0 ;; esac ;; *) if [ ${COMP_WORDS[1]} == install ]; then COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$(dcs-get simple-list)' -- ${cur}) ) fi return 0 ;; esac return 0 } ###################### # END tab completion # ######################
If you want to use dcs-get in your .xsession file (for instance, to preload packages when you log in) you need to make a couple of changes. First off, you need to add "#!/bin/bash" (without quotes) to the top of your .xsession file. Also, you must remove part of the first "if" statement, so that it reads "if [[ ! -n "$SSH_TTY" ]]".
From this form, you can submit your packages for inspection and inclusion in dcs-get.
Select the file you wish to submit, and click Upload.


Police seek driver who hit 2 children, parents near Fiserv
MILWAUKEE (AP) - Milwaukee police are searching for a hit-and-run driver who injured two children and their parents outside of Fiserv Forum.
The crash happened Saturday night in downtown Milwaukee. Police say paramedics took the children, ages 5 and 8, and the parents to hospitals with injuries that were not life-threatening.
The family was crossing a street when a car made a left turn and struck them in the crosswalk.
Police are searching for a 2018 silver four-door Chevrolet Malibu.
The Journal Sentinel reports the crash is the fourth hit-and-run in Milwaukee in which a child pedestrian was injured or killed in just over two weeks.
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