Class: Aws::ElasticTranscoder::Types::VideoParameters
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance | |
|
Class Chain:
self,
Struct
|
|
|
Instance Chain:
self,
::Aws::Structure ,
Struct
|
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| Inherits: |
Struct
|
| Defined in: | gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb |
Overview
The VideoParameters
structure.
Constant Summary
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#aspect_ratio ⇒ String
rw
To better control resolution and aspect ratio of output videos, we recommend that you use the values
MaxWidth
,MaxHeight
,SizingPolicy
,PaddingPolicy
, andDisplayAspectRatio
instead ofResolution
andAspectRatio
. -
#bit_rate ⇒ String
rw
The bit rate of the video stream in the output file, in kilobits/second.
-
#codec ⇒ String
rw
The video codec for the output file.
-
#codec_options ⇒ Hash<String,String>
rw
Profile (H.264/VP8/VP9 Only).
-
#display_aspect_ratio ⇒ String
rw
The value that Elastic Transcoder adds to the metadata in the output file.
-
#fixed_gop ⇒ String
rw
Applicable only when the value of Video:Codec is one of
H.264
,MPEG2
, orVP8
. -
#frame_rate ⇒ String
rw
The frames per second for the video stream in the output file.
-
#keyframes_max_dist ⇒ String
rw
Applicable only when the value of Video:Codec is one of
H.264
,MPEG2
, orVP8
. -
#max_frame_rate ⇒ String
rw
If you specify
auto
forFrameRate
, Elastic Transcoder uses the frame rate of the input video for the frame rate of the output video. -
#max_height ⇒ String
rw
The maximum height of the output video in pixels.
-
#max_width ⇒ String
rw
The maximum width of the output video in pixels.
-
#padding_policy ⇒ String
rw
When you set
PaddingPolicy
toPad
, Elastic Transcoder may add black bars to the top and bottom and/or left and right sides of the output video to make the total size of the output video match the values that you specified forMaxWidth
andMaxHeight
. -
#resolution ⇒ String
rw
To better control resolution and aspect ratio of output videos, we recommend that you use the values
MaxWidth
,MaxHeight
,SizingPolicy
,PaddingPolicy
, andDisplayAspectRatio
instead ofResolution
andAspectRatio
. -
#sizing_policy ⇒ String
rw
Specify one of the following values to control scaling of the output video:
-
#watermarks ⇒ Array<Types::PresetWatermark>
rw
Settings for the size, location, and opacity of graphics that you want Elastic Transcoder to overlay over videos that are transcoded using this preset.
Instance Method Summary
::Aws::Structure
- Included
| #to_hash | Alias for Structure#to_h. |
Instance Attribute Details
#aspect_ratio ⇒ String
(rw)
To better control resolution and aspect ratio of output videos, we
recommend that you use the values MaxWidth
, MaxHeight
,
SizingPolicy
, PaddingPolicy
, and DisplayAspectRatio
instead of
Resolution
and AspectRatio
. The two groups of settings are
mutually exclusive. Do not use them together.
The display aspect ratio of the video in the output file. Valid values include:
auto
, 1:1
, 4:3
, 3:2
, 16:9
If you specify auto
, Elastic Transcoder tries to preserve the
aspect ratio of the input file.
If you specify an aspect ratio for the output file that differs from aspect ratio of the input file, Elastic Transcoder adds pillarboxing (black bars on the sides) or letterboxing (black bars on the top and bottom) to maintain the aspect ratio of the active region of the video.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#bit_rate ⇒ String
(rw)
The bit rate of the video stream in the output file, in
kilobits/second. Valid values depend on the values of Level
and
Profile
. If you specify auto
, Elastic Transcoder uses the
detected bit rate of the input source. If you specify a value other
than auto
, we recommend that you specify a value less than or
equal to the maximum H.264-compliant value listed for your level and
profile:
Level - Maximum video bit rate in kilobits/second (baseline and main Profile) : maximum video bit rate in kilobits/second (high Profile)
1 - 64 : 80
1b - 128 : 160
1.1 - 192 : 240
1.2 - 384 : 480
1.3 - 768 : 960
2 - 2000 : 2500
3 - 10000 : 12500
3.1 - 14000 : 17500
3.2 - 20000 : 25000
4 - 20000 : 25000
4.1 - 50000 : 62500
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#codec ⇒ String
(rw)
The video codec for the output file. Valid values include gif
,
H.264
, mpeg2
, vp8
, and vp9
. You can only specify vp8
and
vp9
when the container type is webm
, gif
when the container
type is gif
, and mpeg2
when the container type is mpg
.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#codec_options ⇒ Hash
<String
,String
> (rw)
Profile (H.264/VP8/VP9 Only)
The H.264 profile that you want to use for the output file. Elastic Transcoder supports the following profiles:
baseline
: The profile most commonly used for videoconferencing and for mobile applications.main
: The profile used for standard-definition digital TV broadcasts.high
: The profile used for high-definition digital TV broadcasts and for Blu-ray discs.
Level (H.264 Only)
The H.264 level that you want to use for the output file. Elastic Transcoder supports the following levels:
1
, 1b
, 1.1
, 1.2
, 1.3
, 2
, 2.1
, 2.2
, 3
, 3.1
,
3.2
, 4
, 4.1
MaxReferenceFrames (H.264 Only)
Applicable only when the value of Video:Codec is H.264. The maximum number of previously decoded frames to use as a reference for decoding future frames. Valid values are integers 0 through 16, but we recommend that you not use a value greater than the following:
Min(Floor(Maximum decoded picture buffer in macroblocks * 256 /
(Width in pixels * Height in pixels)), 16)
where Width in pixels and Height in pixels represent either
MaxWidth and MaxHeight, or Resolution. Maximum decoded picture
buffer in macroblocks depends on the value of the Level
object.
See the list below. (A macroblock is a block of pixels measuring
16x16.)
1 - 396
1b - 396
1.1 - 900
1.2 - 2376
1.3 - 2376
2 - 2376
2.1 - 4752
2.2 - 8100
3 - 8100
3.1 - 18000
3.2 - 20480
4 - 32768
4.1 - 32768
MaxBitRate (Optional, H.264/MPEG2/VP8/VP9 only)
The maximum number of bits per second in a video buffer; the size of
the buffer is specified by BufferSize
. Specify a value between 16
and 62,500. You can reduce the bandwidth required to stream a video
by reducing the maximum bit rate, but this also reduces the quality
of the video.
BufferSize (Optional, H.264/MPEG2/VP8/VP9 only)
The maximum number of bits in any x seconds of the output video.
This window is commonly 10 seconds, the standard segment duration
when you're using FMP4 or MPEG-TS for the container type of the
output video. Specify an integer greater than 0. If you specify
MaxBitRate
and omit BufferSize
, Elastic Transcoder sets
BufferSize
to 10 times the value of MaxBitRate
.
InterlacedMode (Optional, H.264/MPEG2 Only)
The interlace mode for the output video.
Interlaced video is used to double the perceived frame rate for a video by interlacing two fields (one field on every other line, the other field on the other lines) so that the human eye registers multiple pictures per frame. Interlacing reduces the bandwidth required for transmitting a video, but can result in blurred images and flickering.
Valid values include Progressive
(no interlacing, top to bottom),
TopFirst
(top field first), BottomFirst
(bottom field first),
and Auto
.
If InterlaceMode
is not specified, Elastic Transcoder uses
Progressive
for the output. If Auto
is specified, Elastic
Transcoder interlaces the output.
ColorSpaceConversionMode (Optional, H.264/MPEG2 Only)
The color space conversion Elastic Transcoder applies to the output
video. Color spaces are the algorithms used by the computer to store
information about how to render color. Bt.601
is the standard for
standard definition video, while Bt.709
is the standard for high
definition video.
Valid values include None
, Bt709toBt601
, Bt601toBt709
, and
Auto
.
If you chose Auto
for ColorSpaceConversionMode
and your output
is interlaced, your frame rate is one of 23.97
, 24
, 25
,
29.97
, 50
, or 60
, your SegmentDuration
is null, and you are
using one of the resolution changes from the list below, Elastic
Transcoder applies the following color space conversions:
Standard to HD, 720x480 to 1920x1080 - Elastic Transcoder applies
Bt601ToBt709
Standard to HD, 720x576 to 1920x1080 - Elastic Transcoder applies
Bt601ToBt709
HD to Standard, 1920x1080 to 720x480 - Elastic Transcoder applies
Bt709ToBt601
HD to Standard, 1920x1080 to 720x576 - Elastic Transcoder applies
Bt709ToBt601
ColorspaceConversionMode
Auto
mode in the future. All outputs in
a playlist must use the same ColorSpaceConversionMode
.
If you do not specify a ColorSpaceConversionMode
, Elastic
Transcoder does not change the color space of a file. If you are
unsure what ColorSpaceConversionMode
was applied to your output
file, you can check the AppliedColorSpaceConversion
parameter
included in your job response. If your job does not have an
AppliedColorSpaceConversion
in its response, no
ColorSpaceConversionMode
was applied.
ChromaSubsampling
The sampling pattern for the chroma (color) channels of the output
video. Valid values include yuv420p
and yuv422p
.
yuv420p
samples the chroma information of every other horizontal
and every other vertical line, yuv422p
samples the color
information of every horizontal line and every other vertical line.
LoopCount (Gif Only)
The number of times you want the output gif to loop. Valid values
include Infinite
and integers between 0
and 100
, inclusive.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#display_aspect_ratio ⇒ String
(rw)
The value that Elastic Transcoder adds to the metadata in the output file.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#fixed_gop ⇒ String
(rw)
Applicable only when the value of Video:Codec is one of H.264
,
MPEG2
, or VP8
.
Whether to use a fixed value for FixedGOP
. Valid values are true
and false
:
true
: Elastic Transcoder uses the value ofKeyframesMaxDist
for the distance between key frames (the number of frames in a group of pictures, or GOP).false
: The distance between key frames can vary.
FixedGOP
must be set to true
for fmp4
containers.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#frame_rate ⇒ String
(rw)
The frames per second for the video stream in the output file. Valid values include:
auto
, 10
, 15
, 23.97
, 24
, 25
, 29.97
, 30
, 60
If you specify auto
, Elastic Transcoder uses the detected frame
rate of the input source. If you specify a frame rate, we recommend
that you perform the following calculation:
Frame rate = maximum recommended decoding speed in luma
samples/second / (width in pixels * height in pixels)
where:
width in pixels and height in pixels represent the Resolution of the output video.
maximum recommended decoding speed in Luma samples/second is less than or equal to the maximum value listed in the following table, based on the value that you specified for Level.
The maximum recommended decoding speed in Luma samples/second for each level is described in the following list (Level - Decoding speed):
1 - 380160
1b - 380160
1.1 - 76800
1.2 - 1536000
1.3 - 3041280
2 - 3041280
2.1 - 5068800
2.2 - 5184000
3 - 10368000
3.1 - 27648000
3.2 - 55296000
4 - 62914560
4.1 - 62914560
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#keyframes_max_dist ⇒ String
(rw)
Applicable only when the value of Video:Codec is one of H.264
,
MPEG2
, or VP8
.
The maximum number of frames between key frames. Key frames are fully encoded frames; the frames between key frames are encoded based, in part, on the content of the key frames. The value is an integer formatted as a string; valid values are between 1 (every frame is a key frame) and 100000, inclusive. A higher value results in higher compression but may also discernibly decrease video quality.
For Smooth
outputs, the FrameRate
must have a constant ratio to
the KeyframesMaxDist
. This allows Smooth
playlists to switch
between different quality levels while the file is being played.
For example, an input file can have a FrameRate
of 30 with a
KeyframesMaxDist
of 90. The output file then needs to have a ratio
of 1:3. Valid outputs would have FrameRate
of 30, 25, and 10, and
KeyframesMaxDist
of 90, 75, and 30, respectively.
Alternately, this can be achieved by setting FrameRate
to auto and
having the same values for MaxFrameRate
and KeyframesMaxDist
.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#max_frame_rate ⇒ String
(rw)
If you specify auto
for FrameRate
, Elastic Transcoder uses the
frame rate of the input video for the frame rate of the output
video. Specify the maximum frame rate that you want Elastic
Transcoder to use when the frame rate of the input video is greater
than the desired maximum frame rate of the output video. Valid
values include: 10
, 15
, 23.97
, 24
, 25
, 29.97
, 30
,
60
.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#max_height ⇒ String
(rw)
The maximum height of the output video in pixels. If you specify
auto
, Elastic Transcoder uses 1080 (Full HD) as the default value.
If you specify a numeric value, enter an even integer between 96 and
3072.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#max_width ⇒ String
(rw)
The maximum width of the output video in pixels. If you specify
auto
, Elastic Transcoder uses 1920 (Full HD) as the default value.
If you specify a numeric value, enter an even integer between 128
and 4096.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#padding_policy ⇒ String
(rw)
When you set PaddingPolicy
to Pad
, Elastic Transcoder may add
black bars to the top and bottom and/or left and right sides of the
output video to make the total size of the output video match the
values that you specified for MaxWidth
and MaxHeight
.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#resolution ⇒ String
(rw)
To better control resolution and aspect ratio of output videos, we
recommend that you use the values MaxWidth
, MaxHeight
,
SizingPolicy
, PaddingPolicy
, and DisplayAspectRatio
instead of
Resolution
and AspectRatio
. The two groups of settings are
mutually exclusive. Do not use them together.
The width and height of the video in the output file, in pixels.
Valid values are auto
and width x height:
auto
: Elastic Transcoder attempts to preserve the width and height of the input file, subject to the following rules.width x height
: The width and height of the output video in pixels.
Note the following about specifying the width and height:
The width must be an even integer between 128 and 4096, inclusive.
The height must be an even integer between 96 and 3072, inclusive.
If you specify a resolution that is less than the resolution of the input file, Elastic Transcoder rescales the output file to the lower resolution.
If you specify a resolution that is greater than the resolution of the input file, Elastic Transcoder rescales the output to the higher resolution.
We recommend that you specify a resolution for which the product of width and height is less than or equal to the applicable value in the following list (List - Max width x height value):
- 1 - 25344
- 1b - 25344
- 1.1 - 101376
- 1.2 - 101376
- 1.3 - 101376
- 2 - 101376
- 2.1 - 202752
- 2.2 - 404720
- 3 - 404720
- 3.1 - 921600
- 3.2 - 1310720
- 4 - 2097152
- 4.1 - 2097152
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#sizing_policy ⇒ String
(rw)
Specify one of the following values to control scaling of the output video:
Fit
: Elastic Transcoder scales the output video so it matches the value that you specified in eitherMaxWidth
orMaxHeight
without exceeding the other value.Fill
: Elastic Transcoder scales the output video so it matches the value that you specified in eitherMaxWidth
orMaxHeight
and matches or exceeds the other value. Elastic Transcoder centers the output video and then crops it in the dimension (if any) that exceeds the maximum value.Stretch
: Elastic Transcoder stretches the output video to match the values that you specified forMaxWidth
andMaxHeight
. If the relative proportions of the input video and the output video are different, the output video will be distorted.Keep
: Elastic Transcoder does not scale the output video. If either dimension of the input video exceeds the values that you specified forMaxWidth
andMaxHeight
, Elastic Transcoder crops the output video.ShrinkToFit
: Elastic Transcoder scales the output video down so that its dimensions match the values that you specified for at least one ofMaxWidth
andMaxHeight
without exceeding either value. If you specify this option, Elastic Transcoder does not scale the video up.ShrinkToFill
: Elastic Transcoder scales the output video down so that its dimensions match the values that you specified for at least one ofMaxWidth
andMaxHeight
without dropping below either value. If you specify this option, Elastic Transcoder does not scale the video up.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#watermarks ⇒ Array
<Types::PresetWatermark> (rw)
Settings for the size, location, and opacity of graphics that you want Elastic Transcoder to overlay over videos that are transcoded using this preset. You can specify settings for up to four watermarks. Watermarks appear in the specified size and location, and with the specified opacity for the duration of the transcoded video.
Watermarks can be in .png or .jpg format. If you want to display a watermark that is not rectangular, use the .png format, which supports transparency.
When you create a job that uses this preset, you specify the .png or .jpg graphics that you want Elastic Transcoder to include in the transcoded videos. You can specify fewer graphics in the job than you specify watermark settings in the preset, which allows you to use the same preset for up to four watermarks that have different dimensions.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/lib/aws-sdk-elastictranscoder/types.rb', line 4241
class VideoParameters < Struct.new( :codec, :, :keyframes_max_dist, :fixed_gop, :bit_rate, :frame_rate, :max_frame_rate, :resolution, :aspect_ratio, :max_width, :max_height, :display_aspect_ratio, :sizing_policy, :padding_policy, :watermarks) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end


Match Play. Red leads 2-0 to 7. Should Red redouble? If redoubled. Should White take?
pips Red=91 White=99
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
What is a crushing redouble and a big pass for money becomes a no redouble (just) and trivial take at this match score. Red must pay heed to White’s five-point board. With any shot White will redouble to 8 for the match.
Red should play for a gammon with the cube on 2. If things go well he will lead 6-0 and if they go badly it is likely to be 2-2. This is better than potentially putting the match on the line.
Of course if you have good reason to suppose your opponent will pass then by all means redouble.
Red should play for a gammon with the cube on 2. If things go well he will lead 6-0 and if they go badly it is likely to be 2-2. This is better than potentially putting the match on the line.
Of course if you have good reason to suppose your opponent will pass then by all means redouble.
Cube analysis 2-ply cubeless equity +0.626 (Money: +0.613) 0.725 0.246 0.004 - 0.275 0.085 0.003 Cubeful equities: 1. No double +0.697 2. Double, pass +1.000 (+0.303) 3. Double, take +0.603 (-0.094) Proper cube action: No redouble, take (23.7%)


Support for ON.
— AND chains of equality comparisons.
Support for qualified names and aliases
for both left and right tables.
Available since version 18.6.

You can leave old behaviour with the 'asterisk_left_columns_only' setting.
Available since 18.12.
SELECT 1 - 0.9 - 0.1 AS x
┌───────────────────────x─┐
│ -2.7755575615628914e-17 │
└─────────────────────────┘
Decimal numbers with fixed point.
Example:
— DECIMAL(16, 6);
— Decimal128(6);
Late beta. Available in 18.12,
under 'allow_experimental_decimal_type' setting.
Number of digits — up to 38.
Stored as integer number Int32, Int64 or Int128 containing all the digits.
For most of the operations, performance is about the same as for integers.
There are overflow checks
— can be turned off with 'decimal_check_overflow' setting.
What we already have had before:
Information about single queries:
— system.processes, SHOW PROCESSLIST;
— system.query_log;
— server text log.
Global performance metrics:
— system.events;
— system.metrics;
— system.asynchronous_metrics;
— also sent to Graphite;
We've added info about real CPU and IO usage:
RealTime, UserTime, SystemTime,
SoftPageFaults, HardPageFaults,
VoluntaryContextSwitches,
InvoluntaryContextSwitches
IOWait, CPUWait,
CPUVirtualTime,
ReadBytes, WriteBytes,
ReadChars, WriteChars
We've added info about real CPU and IO usage:
Half of them — from getrusage,
another half — from Linux kernel, obtained through AF_NETLINK socket.
Requires Linux and CAP_NET_ADMIN capability
— set at the package install time.
All performance counters became hierarchical:
— global counters
— in system.events table;
— counters per each query
— in system.processes and system.query_log;
— counters per each query execution thread
— in system.query_thread_log table;
All performance counters became hierarchical:
— in system.processes and system.query_log
we've added ProfileEvents nested data structure
with all the counters;
— added Settings nested structure
with all changed settings;
— added thread_numbers column
with numbers of all query executing threads;
— added system.query_thread_log table;
— settings: log_profile_events, log_query_settings, log_query_threads;
Information about queries in server text log:
— every line in log related to query contains query_id.
Receive query execution log directly in clickhouse-client:
SET send_logs_level = 'trace';
It works independent of server global log level.
For distributed queries it will accumulate logs from all participating servers.
example.yandex.ru :) SET send_logs_level = 'debug' example.yandex.ru :) SELECT SearchPhrase, count() c FROM test.hits GROUP BY SearchPhrase ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10 [example.yandex.ru] 2018.08.16 02:06:17.302711 {e70872c6-30e5-4774-a965-ab9fcabedf02} [ 45 ] <Debug> executeQuery: (from [::1]:56440) SELECT SearchPhrase, count() c FROM test.hits GROUP BY SearchPhrase ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10 [example.yandex.ru] 2018.08.16 02:06:17.303662 {e70872c6-30e5-4774-a965-ab9fcabedf02} [ 45 ] <Debug> test.hits (SelectExecutor): Key condition: unknown [example.yandex.ru] 2018.08.16 02:06:17.303697 {e70872c6-30e5-4774-a965-ab9fcabedf02} [ 45 ] <Debug> test.hits (SelectExecutor): MinMax index condition: unknown [example.yandex.ru] 2018.08.16 02:06:17.303716 {e70872c6-30e5-4774-a965-ab9fcabedf02} [ 45 ] <Debug> test.hits (SelectExecutor): Selected 1 parts by date, 1 parts by key, 1084 marks to read from 1 ranges [example.yandex.ru] 2018.08.16 02:06:17.304632 {e70872c6-30e5-4774-a965-ab9fcabedf02} [ 45 ] <Debug> executeQuery: Query pipeline: Limit Expression MergeSorting PartialSorting Expression ParallelAggregating Expression × 16 MergeTreeThread ┌─SearchPhrase────────────┬───────c─┐ │ яндекс │ 1655 │ │ весна 2014 мода │ 1549 │ │ анджелина джоли │ 1245 │ ... [example.yandex.ru] 2018.08.16 02:06:17.395362 {e70872c6-30e5-4774-a965-ab9fcabedf02} [ 45 ] <Debug> MemoryTracker: Peak memory usage (total): 86.74 MiB. 10 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.093 sec. Processed 8.87 million rows, 108.44 MB (94.92 million rows/s., 1.16 GB/s.)
Available in 18.12.
What we want to do:
— resource pools (workload management);
— throttling resource usage for proper share;
What we want to do:
— write ClickHouse text logs into system table in ClickHouse;
— write global system metrics (like CPU, iowait, LA)
into system table in ClickHouse;
— calculated histogram/quantile metrics for certain processes
(example: 90% query execution time);
— add per-column and per-file statistics in query_log;
— add counters for all error codes (system.errors table);
— send all metrics to the client;
— url;
— file;
— cluster;
— mysql;
— odbc.
Encryption (https) for replication traffic
Authentication between replicas
Encryption for traffic of Distributed tables
Safe usage of ODBC drivers for external sources
SELECT substringUTF8(Title, 1, 50) AS k, count() AS c FROM hits_1000m_transformed WHERE match(k, '^[\x01-\x7F]+$') GROUP BY k ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 100 ┌─k──────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────c─┐ │ Kunstkamera Club-Pickup Bai Porta.ru │ 211122 │ │ Kanye Kedax^ │ 187249 │ │ OWAProfiles. Colletina Portal Digested Gabbas - IR │ 186538 │ │ Verver Board │ 87895 │ │ OWAProfit-Parts, Bless Hotels Centre (Lassilev.24l │ 74841 │ │ Skins Resort & France.Ru / Compilation │ 60256 │ │ Demio - Livejour ownitsubishi - World of Tanks │ 56643 │ │ Ford Megane Shot comparen Payne Money Bannette for │ 54032 │ │ OWAProfit-Partner: Kalus30,eos3D.com :: Nokia! │ 53593 │ │ open shoe (Calence 2 64Gb Black (Sol │ 36314 │ │ Osunshine Player. │ 33316 │ │ OWAProfit-Parts Body Big Natural Dead: A Hauptmand │ 28153 │ │ PAOLO CONTRACK Atlant, Buckle | WWWW.PHOTODOM.ria. │ 24317 │ │ Opel (Count of Tanks - World of Tanks official for │ 23525 │ │ Kanuni (Palacticarefunds official forum - Page | W │ 23340 │ │ Ahmed the sidence (46E) │ 22812 │ │ Lexus - DimKrollsky feasantech tanks official foru │ 18929 │ │ Nokia Acrosoft │ 17973 │ │ Iveco x Hundai ; Toyota RAV-4 Black Of Thalassia.r │ 17908 │ │ OWAProfitween Espace Wolf' Pacification Port and T │ 16393 │
SELECT count() FROM hits
WHERE
((EventDate >= '2018-08-01')
AND (EventDate <= '2018-08-03')
AND (CounterID >= 34))
OR ((EventDate >= '2018-08-04')
AND (EventDate <= '2018-08-05')
AND (CounterID <= 101500))
— 649 533 033 rows/sec.
SET compile_expressions = 1;
SELECT count() FROM hits
WHERE
((EventDate >= '2018-08-01')
AND (EventDate <= '2018-08-03')
AND (CounterID >= 34))
OR ((EventDate >= '2018-08-04')
AND (EventDate <= '2018-08-05')
AND (CounterID <= 101500))
— 865 491 052 rows/sec.
— +33% speed up!
Web site: https://clickhouse.com/
Google groups: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/clickhouse
Maillist<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Telegram chat: https://telegram.me/clickhouse_en
GitHub: https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/ClickHouseDB
Up next: ClickHouse Meetup in Beijing on October 28.


Main Content
What is SQL you ask?
SQL stands for Structure Query Language. It's used to ask and tell the database to show and do stuff.
Below are a list of cheats (query's(commands)) and their outputs. Commands/querys/cheats are written in upper case. This is not required when querying the database but is done a lot to differentiate commands from other pieces of the statemtent.
grocery_list
| id |
list_name |
total_cost |
total_weight |
completed? |
| 1 |
Safeway |
56.98 |
20 |
no |
| 2 |
Trader Joes |
25.00 |
7 |
no |
| 3 |
Whole Foods |
299.99 |
56 |
yes |
| 4 |
Costco |
200.00 |
50 |
no |
^^ This table will be referenced in the cheats so study up!
SELECT and FROM
SELECT is used in the majority of querys to ask for information FROM a table. Alternatively, it can also be used to SELECT and change something in a table(more on that later).
SELECT * FROM table_name;
// This code selects all the tables from the specified table_name.
SELECT column_name_1, column_name_2 FROM table_name;
// You can select specific columns by using the name of the columns.
SELECT * FROM grocery_list;
// Ouput:
| id | list_name | total_cost | total_weight | completed? |
| 1 | Safeway | 56.98 | 20 | no |
| 2 | Trader Joes | 25.00 | 7 | no |
| 3 | Whole Foods | 299.99 | 56 | yes |
| 4 | Costco | 200.00 | 50 | no |
SELECT id, list_name FROM grocery_list;
// Ouput:
| id | list_name |
| 1 | Safeway |
| 2 | Trader Joes |
| 3 | Whole Foods |
| 4 | Costco |
WHERE
WHERE is used to query a specific row in a table.
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name (operator) value;
// This will select all the columns where a specific column_name is a specific value. Basically it gives you the row or rows where that column_name = the value.
// For example.
SELECT * FROM grocery_list WHERE id = 3;
// Output:
| id | list_name | total_cost | total_weight | completed? |
| 3 | Whole Foods | 299.99 | 56 | yes |
AND & OR
AND and OR are used in SQL in conjunction with WHERE to limit or open the search. It's just like the Ruby && and ||.
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name_1 = value AND column_name_2 = value;
// This will select all the columns where a column_name_1 = the value specified AND column_name_2 = the value specified. If they are not both true, the row will not be selected.
SELECT * FROM grocery_list WHERE ID = 3 AND completed = 'yes';
// Output:
| id | list_name | total_cost | total_weight | completed? |
| 3 | Whole Foods | 299.99 | 56 | yes |
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name_1 = value OR column_name_2 = value;
// This will select all the columns where a column_name_1 = the value or column_name_2 = the value. Basically it's selecting the rows that return true for both the WHERE statements.
SELECT * FROM grocery_list WHERE id = 2 OR id = 4;
// Output:
| id | list_name | total_cost | total_weight | completed? |
| 2 | Trader Joes | 25.00 | 7 | no |
| 4 | Costco | 200.00 | 50 | no |
ORDER BY
ORDER BY is used to order your output from a SELECT statement. You can organize items in ASCending and DESCending order.
SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name (ASC|DESC);
// This will select all the columns from the table_name and sort them by the column_name specified in either ASCending or DESCending order depending on what you specify. You can specify two column_names where you organize by the first column_name and then if there are many duplicates of the first column_name, you order by the second_column name.
SELECT * FROM grocery_list ORDER BY id DESC;
// Output:
| id | list_name | total_cost | total_weight | completed? |
| 4 | Costco | 200.00 | 50 | no |
| 3 | Whole Foods | 299.99 | 56 | yes |
| 2 | Trader Joes | 25.00 | 7 | no |
| 1 | Safeway | 56.98 | 20 | no |
INSERT INTO
INSERT INTO is a way of inserting data into your tables. It uses two key word sets "INSERT INTO" and "VALUES".
INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3...);
// This is selecting a table and putting the values you want. You must make sure that you have the same number of values as columns in your table.
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3...);
// This is selecting the table_name and then the column names you want to insert your values into. Doesn't have to be all the columns.
INSERT INTO grocery_list VALUES (5, "Grocery Outlet", 46.50, 20, yes);
INSERT INTO grocery_list (id, list_name, total_cost, total_weight, completed?) VALUES(5, "Grocery Outlet", 46.50, 20, yes);
// Output:
(You have made changes to the database. Rows affected: 1)
// Table now looks like:
| id | list_name | total_cost | total_weight | completed? |
| 1 | Safeway | 56.98 | 20 | no |
| 2 | Trader Joes | 25.00 | 7 | no |
| 3 | Whole Foods | 299.99 | 56 | yes |
| 4 | Costco | 200.00 | 50 | no |
| 5 | Grocery Outlet | 46.50 | 20 | yes |
UPDATE
UPDATE is used to alter existing values in a table. It uses three keywords: UPDATE, SET and WHERE to specify the new values and which values you will be replacing.
UPDATE table_name SET column1=value1,column2=value2,... WHERE column=value;
// This is saying in the table_name set column1 equal to value 1 etc. WHERE the column is eqal to a certain value. The last part selects the row or rows and the SET part changes the values for the specified columns.
UPDATE grocery_list SET list_name = "Tokyo Fish Market", completed? = "yes" WHERE id = 1;
// Output: (You have made changes to the database. Rows affected: 1)
// Table now looks like:
| id | list_name | total_cost | total_weight | completed? |
| 1 | Tokyo Fish Market | 56.98 | 20 | yes |
| 2 | Trader Joes | 25.00 | 7 | no |
| 3 | Whole Foods | 299.99 | 56 | yes |
| 4 | Costco | 200.00 | 50 | no |
DELETE
DELETE is used to delete selected row(s) from a table.
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE column_name = value;
// This deletes the rows in table_name where column_name equals a certain value.
DELETE FROM grocery_list WHERE id = 2;
// Output: (You have made changes to the database.)
// Table now looks like:
| id | list_name | total_cost | total_weight | completed? |
| 1 | Safeway | 56.98 | 20 | no |
| 3 | Whole Foods | 299.99 | 56 | yes |
| 4 | Costco | 200.00 | 50 | no |
SELECT TOP
SELECT TOP selects the top (number that you specify) rows from a table you specify. The number can be an integer or percentage. percentage syntax is for ex. "50 PERCENT".
SELECT TOP (number) FROM (optional: column_name) table_name;
// This selects the top (number) values from the specified table.
SELECT TOP 2 FROM grocery_list;
// Output:
| id | list_name | total_cost | total_weight | completed? |
| 1 | Safeway | 56.98 | 20 | no |
| 2 | Trader Joes | 25.00 | 7 | no |
LIKE and WILDCARD
BETWEEN
JOINS
INNER JOIN
LEFT JOIN
RIGHT JOIN
OUTER JOIN
CREATE TABLE


Натюрморт
by andrei_skyOrchid With Three Seashells by Andrei SKY
Orchid With Three Seashells is a photograph by Andrei SKY which was uploaded on November 4th, 2019. The photograph may be purchased as wall art, home decor, ap…fineartamerica.com
Homage to Claudio Bravo


Welcome to NodeSchool Madison
- Choose a table.
- Ensure you can access wifi. It is unsecured.
- Visit http://nodeschool.io/madison/six.
-
We will get started with Elementary Electron
and then continue with LololoDash
Sponsors
What is NodeSchool?
- Community driven/Open Source
- Hands on workshops
- Local chapters
The Approach
- Self guided learning
- Mentors
- Workshoppers
Community Contributions
- Support through mentoring is great!
- How can we help all of NodeSchool not just our chapter?
- Improve the Workshoppers
- Learn how to effectively contribute to open source


New On Netflix: What To Watch This Weekend (November 21)
by Chris JagerNot sure what to watch on Netflix tonight? We've got you covered - here's everything that will be appearing on the servers this Friday and over the weekend. We've also included the very best TV shows and movies that you may have missed previously. That's you binge list sorted!
Read on for everything coming to the service this Friday and over the weekend.
New Netflix TV Shows
Mortel (21/11/2019)
Desperate to find his missing brother, Sofiane lures classmate Victor into a deal with a mysterious figure, who gives them supernatural powers.
Dolly Parton's Heartstrings (22/11/2019)
The Dolly music you love, the stories you’ve been waiting for. Dolly Parton’s Heartstrings is an anthology series that showcases the stories, memories, and inspirations behind her most beloved songs. New and classic Dolly music will score every episode. Each story will vary in tone, from love stories and inspirational tales to family dramas, westerns, and revenge comedies.
High Seas: Season 2 (22/11/2019)
High Seas, an original thriller series, set on the 1940’s, starring Jon Kortajarena, Ivana Baquero and Alejandra Onieva, will follow its path to Rio de Janeiro and will welcome new passengers, who will get involved in disturbing situations, mysteries and a lot of secrets that will increase the suspense inside the ship. Among the new faces are Claudia Traisac on the character of Casandra, Antonio Reyes playing Erich, Chiqui Delgado in the role of Teresa and Pepe Barroso as Julian. All of them will be key pieces throughout the new season.
Nailed It! Holiday!: Season 2 (22/11/2019)
Jingle bells. Funky smells. Panic in the air. We're bringing hilarity home for the holidays with wonder-fail creations and woefully botched bakes.
Narcoworld: Dope Stories (22/11/2019)
Examine all sides of the brutal business of drugs in locales around the world, from the U.S. and Brazil to the U.K. and France.
Nobody's Looking (22/11/2019)
Guardian angel Uli is new to the Angelus System. A rebel spirit, he makes shocking discoveries about life and how the world is run when he goes rogue.
Singapore Social (22/11/2019)
Peer into the lives of young Singaporeans as they defy expectations and traverse the tricky terrain of career, romance and family.
Final Space: Season 2 (24/11/2019)
Gary and his intrepid crew scour the galaxy for Quinn while dealing with awkward family reunions, deadly space regattas and oddly happy fluffballs.
New Netflix Movies
The Knight Before Christmas (21/11/2019)
After a sorceress transports medieval knight Sir Cole (Josh Whitehouse) to present-day Ohio during the holiday season, he befriends Brooke (Vanessa Hudgens), a clever and kind science teacher who's been disillusioned by love. Brooke helps Sir Cole navigate the modern world and tries to help him discover how to fulfill his mysterious one true quest — the only act that will return him home. But as he and Brooke grow closer, Sir Cole begins to wonder just how much he wants to return to his old life.
Mon frère (22/11/2019)
Thrust from a violent home into a brutal custody center, a teenager learns to navigate a tough new reality and forge unlikely alliances to survive.
Kids & Anime
Dino Girl Gau (22/11/2019)
In this Netflix original animated kids comedy series set in Japan, Naoko Watanabe is a typical tween ... except that she possesses a strange gift and curse: when her anger exceeds a maximum level, she turns into Gauko, the fire-breathing dinosaur girl!
The Dragon Prince: Season 3 (22/11/2019)
As Callum and Rayla cross into the magical realm of Xadia, Ezran returns to Katolis as king and faces pressure from all sides.
Trolls: The Beat Goes On!: Season 8 (22/11/2019)
Explore a brand new season of radical adventures with Branch, Poppy, Biggie and the rest of Troll Village.
Other recommendations
None of the above take your fancy? Here are some previously recommended titles you may have missed or not got around to watching.
Marianne
Lured back to her hometown, a famous horror writer discovers that the evil spirit who plagues her dreams is now wreaking havoc in the real world.
Dolemite Is My Name
Academy Award nominee and Golden Globe winner Eddie Murphy portrays real-life legend Rudy Ray Moore, a comedy and rap pioneer who proved naysayers wrong when his hilarious, obscene, kung-fu fighting alter ego, Dolemite, became a 1970s Blaxploitation phenomenon.
 The normal dramas of raising a son as a single mom are amplified when Dion starts to manifest several mysterious, superhero-like abilities. Nicole must now keep her son’s gifts secret with the help of Mark’s best friend Pat (Jason Ritter), and protect Dion from antagonists out to exploit him while figuring out the origin of his abilities.
Better Than Us
Set in Moscow in a not-so-distant future where human beings coexist with robots, a man finds himself entangled in the first murder committed by an experimental humanoid.
The King
Hal (Timothée Chalamet), wayward prince and reluctant heir to the English throne, has turned his back on royal life and is living among the people. But when his tyrannical father dies, Hal is crowned King Henry V and is forced to embrace the life he had previously tried to escape. Now the young king must navigate the palace politics, chaos and war his father left behind, and the emotional strings of his past life — including his relationship with his closest friend and mentor, the ageing alcoholic knight, John Falstaff (Joel Edgerton). Directed by David Michôd and co-written by Michôd and Edgerton, THE KING co-stars Sean Harris, Ben Mendelsohn, Robert Pattinson, and Lily-Rose Depp.
Sturgill Simpson Presents Sound & Fury
In a desolate post-apocalyptic wasteland, a noble few wage war against their oppressors. The odds are stacked. But hope for a brighter future means that all is not yet lost?


This page is mainly used to introduce some of my hobbies.
I like playing the piano very much. When I was 3 years old, I came into contact with this instrument. Then I deeply liked it. I have participated in different kinds of piano competitions and achieved good results. Playing the piano has become my hobby because it can release my emotions. When I am angry or sad, I can make my mood better by playing the piano.
I also like cooking in my life. I like to make delicious food and share it with my family and friends. Because I think the process of cooking makes me feel a sense of happiness. And when I share it with my family, everyone is happy.
1I also like to do sports. In my free time, I like to run with my father. Because my father thinks a healthy body is very helpful to a person's growth. Whenever I run, I forget my troubles. And long-distance running taught me the importance of persistence.


001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one 003 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file 004 * distributed with this work for additional information 005 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file 006 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 007 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance 008 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 009 * 010 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 011 * 012 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, 013 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an 014 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY 015 * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 016 * specific language governing permissions and limitations 017 * under the License. 018 */ 019package org.apache.shiro.subject.support; 020 021import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; 022import org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadState; 023 024import java.util.concurrent.Callable; 025 026/** 027 * A {@code SubjectCallable} associates a {@link Subject Subject} with a target/delegate 028 * {@link Callable Callable} to ensure proper {@code Subject} thread-state management when the {@code Callable} executes. 029 * This ensures that any calls to {@code SecurityUtils.}{@link org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils#getSubject() getSubject()} 030 * during the target {@code Callable}'s execution still work correctly even if the {@code Callable} executes on a 031 * different thread than the one that created it. This allows {@code Subject} access during asynchronous operations. 032 *
 033 * When instances of this class execute (typically via a {@link java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService ExecutorService}), 034 * the following occurs: 035 *
 036 *
The specified Subject any of its associated thread state is first bound to the thread that executes the 037 * {@code Callable}.
 038 *
The delegate/target {@code Callable} is {@link java.util.concurrent.Callable#call() executed}
 039 *
The previous thread state that might have existed before the {@code Subject} was bound is fully restored
 040 *
 041 *
 042 * This behavior ensures that the thread that executes this {@code Callable}, which is often a different thread than 043 * the one that created the instance, retains a {@code Subject} to support {@code SecurityUtils.getSubject()} 044 * invocations. It also guarantees that the running thread remains 'clean' in any thread-pooled environments. 045 * 046 *
Usage
 047 * 048 * This is typically considered a support class and is not often directly referenced. Most people prefer to use 049 * the {@code Subject.}{@link Subject#associateWith(Callable) associateWith} method, which will automatically return 050 * an instance of this class. 051 *
 052 * An even more convenient alternative is to use a 053 * {@link org.apache.shiro.concurrent.SubjectAwareExecutorService SubjectAwareExecutorService}, which 054 * transparently uses instances of this class. 055 * 056 * @see Subject#associateWith(Callable) 057 * @see org.apache.shiro.concurrent.SubjectAwareExecutorService SubjectAwareExecutorService 058 * @since 1.0 059 */ 060public class SubjectCallable<V> implements Callable<V> { 061 062 protected final ThreadState threadState; 063 private final Callable<V> callable; 064 065 public SubjectCallable(Subject subject, Callable<V> delegate) { 066 this(new SubjectThreadState(subject), delegate); 067 } 068 069 protected SubjectCallable(ThreadState threadState, Callable<V> delegate) { 070 if (threadState == null) { 071 throw new IllegalArgumentException("ThreadState argument cannot be null."); 072 } 073 this.threadState = threadState; 074 if (delegate == null) { 075 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Callable delegate instance cannot be null."); 076 } 077 this.callable = delegate; 078 } 079 080 public V call() throws Exception { 081 try { 082 threadState.bind(); 083 return doCall(this.callable); 084 } finally { 085 threadState.restore(); 086 } 087 } 088 089 protected V doCall(Callable<V> target) throws Exception { 090 return target.call(); 091 } 092}


Welcome To The Galactic Age Calculator
enter information below to see your age based on a planet's solar years
Personal Info
How old are you?
Region
-- Where do you live? --
Americas
Africa
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
Western Pacific
South-East Asia
Gender
male
female
Lifestyle
Smoking Tendencies
never smoked
socially
heavy smoker
Alcohol Tendencies
zero drinks per week
1-7 drinks per week
8-15 drinks per week
16 or more drinks per week
calculate solar years & life expectancy
In Mercury years you are
years old.

Based on your personal information and lifestyle habits, your life expectancy is
years old.
return to home


Optimize Unicorn for your Ruby on Rails application - Arch Linux, Ruby, Rails, Optimization
Difficulty: 3
Time: 1.5 hrs
Rails is a nice web framework, but over past few years, it has grown into a complex system. Particularly when using Unicorn, Rails apps tend to consume a lot of memory. Understanding its operational details and optimizing its performance can be a critical factor for success any Rails developer. This article will assist you with few simple things that can be done to enhance the performance of Unicorn for your Rails applications.
Note: It is assumed that you are logged in as a sudo user and deployed a Rails App with Unicorn and NGINX – Arch Linux
By default, Rails uses the “Webrick” server to run applications. It is fast, but unfortunately, it can not handle concurrent connection requests. For optimized performance, Unicorn must be set as the default server for Rails. Unicorn is a multi-threaded web server, capable of handling multiple requests simultaneously, thus optimizing the performance 2 to 3 times.
In case you are using ruby 1.9 or earlier, it is recommended to upgrade to 2.0. Because ruby 1.9 and earlier versions do not support automated garbage collection, and thus are unable to take benefits of Copy-on-Write (CoW) feature.
You can check your Ruby version using “ruby -v”
command.
If your version is >=2.0, you are on right track, but in case it is 1.9 or earlier, you should upgrade to >=2.0
To boost the performance of Unicorn, some configuration settings can be checked. These are available in the Unicorn’s default configuration file
config/unicorn.rb.
Upon a new install, this configuration file might not be available on your machine. GitHub do provide a sample unicorn.rb configuration file. Checking out the following configurations can help improving the performance:
Worker process defines the total number of concurrent worker to be launched. This ideally depends upon the memory available to the processes to execute. So depending upon your application and the availability of memory, you can set the number of concurrent worker process to run. For example, to allow 5 concurrent connections, you can set the value to 5 workers.
The default value is 3.
Timeout defines the time duration to wait before the worker times out. It is usually preferred to keep a lower base value for timeout to avoid holding back a long queue. So ideally 15 to 30 is considered as a rational value, but depending upon the nature of applications, this can be changed accordingly.
The default value is 60 seconds.
This defines the ability to preload the Rails application using CoW, before forking the worker processes. This setting impacts startup time when running Unicorn worker processes. This should be set to true. Although, when using this option, special care need to be taken when opening and closing any sockets. When workers are forked, any associated connection (like database connections or others which require sockets) must be closed and reopened
Unicorn worker killer is a gem that provides automatic restart of worker without affecting any request. It is based on the maximum number of requests and the consumed memories, and helps avoid excess consumption of memory in an event of memory leakage.
Although Unicorn may not be causing this problem, but can be resolved using Unicorn-worker-killer.
Unicorn worker killer is a gem that provides automatic restart of worker without affecting any request. It is based on the maximum number of requests and the consumed memories, and helps avoid excess consumption of memory in an event of memory leakage.
Here are the steps for using unicorn-worker-killer:
To install worker killer fire below command
Open file config.ru (of your application) located in the default project directory, and add the following lines above the require ::File.expand_path('../config/environment', __FILE__) line
# --- Starting Unicorn-worker-killer code --- require 'unicorn/worker_killer' max_request_min = 500 max_request_max = 600 # Maximum requests per worker use Unicorn::WorkerKiller::MaxRequests, max_request_min, max_request_max oom_min = (240) * (1024**2) oom_max = (260) * (1024**2) # Maximum memory size (RSS) per worker use Unicorn::WorkerKiller::Oom, oom_min, oom_max, ,versbose=true # --- End of unicorn worker killer code --- require ::File.expand_path('../config/environment', __FILE__) run YourApp::Application
max_requests_min and max_requests_max defines the minimum and the maximum number of requests per worker. To prevent all workers getting dead simultaneously, a random number between max_requests_min
and max_requests_max
is defined as the actual limit. Once the number exceeds the limit, that worker is automatically restarted.
Unicorn is an efficient way to enhance performance and achieve concurrency in your Rails apps whether used with thread safe or not. It provide essential stability to Rails Apps. Unicorn worker killer gracefully restart your application and resolve memory leaks.


May 24
Wherefore remember, that...at that time ye were without Christ...having no hope, and without God in the world: But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.
Ephesians 2:11-13
Have you ever really thought about what it truly means to be in Christ Jesus? Have you ever gotten a clear revelation of that? Once you do, it will
revolutionize your life. You see, it's in Him that we're raised up from our sins. It's in Him that we're made to sit in heavenly places so that God can show us the exceeding riches of His grace. It's in Him that we're made the righteousness of God!
If you want that revelation to explode in you, start searching out scriptures that refer to being in Christ. Watch for the words in Him, with Him, through Him, or in Whom. Mark those and meditate on them until the truth of them gets down into your spirit man. They'll give you some powerful ammunition against the attacks of Satan.
 You'll be able to answer him boldly and say, "Thank God, I was a sinner, but now I'm the righteousness of God in Christ Jesus. I've been raised up to sit with Him in heavenly places. Now I'm in Him and you can't touch me at all!"
Be prepared the next time Satan comes at you with doubt, unbelief, and condemnation. Be ready to fight back with the scriptures about who you are in Jesus. You're sure to win once you truly know you're in Him!
Scripture Reading: Ephesians 1:1-14


Do not trust HOST header
Posted: | More posts about apache http security
This is nasty and definitely unexpected. While reading through the article, I still have a feeling that this is not possible (at least on ubuntu) since default install of apache always create a default vhost that can act as catch-all handler in case user pass nonsense Host header but this paragraph opened my eye:-
However, the arguably ultimate authority on virtual hosting, RFC2616, has the following to say:
5.2 The Resource Identified by a Request [...] If Request-URI is an absoluteURI, the host is part of the Request-URI. Any Host header field value in the request MUST be ignored. The result? On Apache and Nginx (and all compliant servers) it's possible to route requests with arbitrary host headers to any application present by using an absolute URI: POST https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/users/pwreset HTTP/1.1 Host: evil.com
For so long I think HOST header is the definitive source to determine which site to serve under virtual hosting. A quick test proved this newly found fact:-
echo -en "GET /password-reset/ HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: evil.com\r\n\r\n" | nc 102.256.89.57 80 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Wed, 25 Sep 2013 07:54:00 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) Last-Modified: Fri, 13 Sep 2013 08:07:54 GMT ETag: "25a9c-b1-4e63f5a01c982" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 177 Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Type: text/html X-Pad: avoid browser bug
It works!

This is the default web page for this server.

The web server software is running but no content has been added, yet.

So we still safe, apache serve the default vhost. But this one:-
echo -en "GET http://www.mysite.com/password-reset/ HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: evil.com\r\n\r\n" | nc 102.256.89.57 80
Give you the page of mysite.com ! Fortunately Django 1.5 has fixed for this. Better check if your app depend on the HOST header to build absolute url.


Sylvie and Bruno Concluded
by Lewis Carroll
Chapter 23: “The Pig-Tale”
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1893
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
- Source: Carroll, L. (1893). Sylvie and Bruno Concluded. London: Macmillan and Co.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 6.5
- Word Count: 2,577
- Genre: Fantasy
- Keywords: chapter 23: “the pig-tale”
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
By this time the appetites of the guests seemed to be nearly satisfied, and even Bruno had the resolution to say, when the Professor offered him a fourth slice of plum-pudding, “I thinks three helpings is enough!”
Suddenly the Professor started as if he had been electrified. “Why, I had nearly forgotten the most important part of the entertainment! The Other Professor is to recite a Tale of a Pig—I mean a Pig-Tale,” he corrected himself. “It has Introductory Verses at the beginning, and at the end.”
“It ca’n’t have Introductory Verses at the end, can it?” said Sylvie.
“Wait till you hear it,” said the Professor: “then you’ll see. I m not sure it hasn’t some in the middle, as well.” Here he rose to his feet, and there was an instant silence through the Banqueting-Hall: they evidently expected a speech.
“Ladies, and gentlemen,” the Professor began, “the Other Professor is so kind as to recite a Poem. The title of it is’The Pig-Tale’. He never recited it before!” (General cheering among the guests.) “He will never recite it again!” (Frantic excitement, and wild cheering all down the hall, the Professor himself mounting the table in hot haste, to lead the cheering, and waving his spectacles in one hand and a spoon in the other.)
Then the Other Professor got up, and began:
Little Birds are dining
Warily and well,
Hid in mossy cell:
Hid, I say, by waiters
Gorgeous in their gaiters—
I’ve a Tale to tell.
Little Birds are feeding
Justices with jam,
Rich in frizzled ham:
Rich, I say, in oysters
Haunting shady cloisters—
That is what I am.
Little Birds are teaching
Tigresses to smile,
Innocent of guile:
Smile, I say, not smirkle—
Mouth a semicircle,
That’s the proper style.
Little Birds are sleeping
All among the pins,
Where the loser wins:
Where, I say, he sneezes
When and how he pleases—
So the Tale begins.
There was a Pig that sat alone
Beside a ruined Pump:
By day and night he made his moan—
It would have stirred a heart of stone
To see him wring his hoofs and groan,
Because he could not jump.
A certain Camel heard him shout—
A Camel with a hump.
”Oh, is it Grief, or is it Gout?
What is this bellowing about?”
That Pig replied, with quivering snout,
“Because I cannot jump!”
That Camel scanned him, dreamy-eyed.
“Methinks you are too plump.
I never knew a Pig so wide—
That wobbled so from side to side—
Who could, however much he tried,
Do such a thing as jump!
“ Yet mark those trees, two miles away,
All clustered in a clump:
If you could trot there twice a day,
Nor ever pause for rest or play,
In the far future—Who can say—
You may be fit to jump.”
That Camel passed, and left him there,
Beside the ruined Pump.
Oh, horrid was that Pig’s despair!
His shrieks of anguish filled the air.
He wrung his hoofs, he rent his hair,
Because he could not jump.
There was a Frog that wandered by—
A sleek and shining lump:
Inspected him with fishy eye,
And said “O Pig, what makes you cry?”
And bitter was that Pig’s reply,
“Because I cannot jump!”
That Frog he grinned a grin of glee,
And hit his chest a thump.
”O Pig,” he said, “be ruled by me,
And you shall see what you shall see.
This minute, for a trifling fee,
I’ll teach you how to jump!
“ You may be faint from many a fall,
And bruised by many a bump:
But, if you persevere through all,
And practice first on something small,
Concluding with a ten-foot wall,
You’ll find that you can jump!”

Your words have healed my inward smart—
Come, name your fee and do your part:
Bring comfort to a broken heart
By teaching me to jump!”
“My fee shall be a mutton-chop,
My goal this ruined Pump.
Observe with what an airy flop
I plant myself upon the top!
Now bend your knees and take a hop,
For that’s the way to jump!”
Uprose that Pig, and rushed, full whack,
Against the ruined Pump:
Rolled over like an empty sack
And settled down upon his back
While all his bones at once went “Crack!”
It was a fatal jump.
When the Other Professor had recited this Verse, he went across to the fire-place, and put his head up the chimney. In doing this, he lost his balance, and fell head first into the empty grate, and got so firmly fixed there that it was some time before he could be dragged out again.
Bruno had had time to say “I thought he wanted to see how many peoples was up the chimbley.”
And Sylvie had said “Chimney—not chimbley.”
And Bruno had said “Don’t talk ‘ubbish!”
All this, while the Other Professor was being extracted.
“You must have blacked your face!” the Empress said anxiously.  “Black’s quite a respectable colour. Besides, soap would be no use without water—”
Keeping his back well turned away from the audience, he went on with the Introductory Verses:
Little Birds are writing
Interesting books,
To be read by cooks:
Read, I say, not roasted—
Letterpress, when toasted,
Loses its good looks.
Little Birds are playing
Bagpipes on the shore,
Where the tourists snore:
”Thanks!” they cry. “‘Tis thrilling!
Take, oh take this shilling!
Let us have no more!”
Little Birds are bathing
Crocodiles in cream,
Like a happy dream:
Like, but not so lasting—
Crocodiles, when fasting,
Are not all they seem!
That Camel passed, as Day grew dim
Around the ruined Pump.
”O broken heart! O broken limb!
It needs”, that Camel said to him
”Something more fairy-like and slim,
To execute a jump!”
That Pig lay still as any stone
And could not stir a stump:
Nor ever, if the truth were known
Was he again observed to moan
Nor ever wring his hoofs and groan,
Because he could not jump.
That Frog made no remark, for he
Was dismal as a dump:
He knew the consequence must be
That he would never get his fee—
And still he sits, in miserie
Upon that ruined Pump!
“It’sa miserable story!” said Bruno. “It begins miserably, and it ends miserablier. I think I shall cry. Sylvie, please lend me your handkerchief.”
“I haven’t got it with me,” Sylvie whispered
‘Then I wo’n’t cry,” said Bruno manfully.
There are more Introductory Verses to come,” said the Other Professor, “but I’m hungry.” He sat down, cut a large slice of cake, put it on Bruno’s plate, and gazed at his own empty plate in astonishment
“Where did you get that cake?” Sylvie whispered to Bruno.
“He gived it me,” said Bruno.
“But you shouldn’t ask for things! You know you shouldn’t!”
“I didn’t ask,” said Bruno, taking a fresh mouthful: “he gived it me.”
Sylvie considered this for a moment: then she saw her way out of it. “Well, then, ask him to give me some!”
“You seem to enjoy that cake?” the Professor remarked.
“Doos that mean ‘munch’?” Bruno whispered to Sylvie.
Sylvie nodded. “It means ‘to munch’ and ‘to like to munch’.”
Bruno smiled at the Professor. “I doos enjoy it,” he said.
The Other Professor caught the word. “And I hope you’re enjoying yourself, little Man?” he enquired.
Bruno’s look of horror quite startled him. “No, indeed I aren’t!” he said.
The Other Professor looked thoroughly puzzled. “Well, well!” he said. “Try some cowslip wine!” And he filled a glass and handed it to Bruno. “Drink this, my dear, and you’ll be quite another man!”
“Who shall I be?” said Bruno, pausing in the act of putting it to his lips.
“Don’t ask so many questions!” Sylvie interposed, anxious to save the poor old man from further bewilderment. “Suppose we get the Professor to tell us a story.”
Bruno adopted the idea with enthusiasm. Please do. he cried eagerly. “Sumfin about tigers—and bumble-bees —and robin-redbreasts, oo knows!”
“Why should you always have live things in stories? said the Professor. “Why don’t you have events, or circumstances?”
“Oh, please invent a story like that!” cried Bruno.
The Professor began fluently enough. “Once a coincidence was taking a walk with a little accident, and they met an explanation—a very old explanation—so old that it was quite doubled up, and looked more like a conundrum—” he broke off suddenly.
“Please go on!” both children exclaimed.
The Professor made a candid confession. “It’s a very difficult sort to invent, I find. Suppose Bruno tells one first.”
Bruno was only too happy to adopt the suggestion.
“Once there were a Pig, and a Accordion, and two jars of Orange-marmalade—”
“The dramatis personae,” murmured the Professor. “Well, what then?”
“So, when the Pig played on the Accordion,” Bruno went on, “one of the Jars of Orange-marmalade didn’t like the tune, and the other Jar of Orange-marmalade did like the tune—I know I shall get confused among those Jars of Orange-marmalade, Sylvie!” he whispered anxiously.
“I will now recite the other Introductory Verses,” said the Other Professor.
Little Birds are choking
Baronets with bun,
Taught to fire a gun:
Taught, I say, to splinter
Salmon in the winter—
Merely for the fun.
Little Birds are hiding
Crimes in carpet-bags,
Blessed by happy stags:
Blessed, I say, though beaten—
Since our friends are eaten
When the memory flags.
Little Birds are tasting
Gratitude and gold,
Pale with sudden cold:
Pale, I say, and wrinkled—
When the bells have tinkled,
And the Tale is told.
“Thenext thing to be done”, the Professor cheerfully remarked to the Lord Chancellor, as soon as the applause, caused by the recital of the Pig-Tale, had come to an end, “is to drink the Emperor’s health, is it not?”
“Undoubtedly!” the Lord Chancellor replied with much solemnity, as he rose to his feet to give the necessary directions for the ceremony. “Fill your glasses!” he thundered. All did so, instantly. “Drink the Emperor’s health!” A general gurgling resounded all through the Hall. “Three cheers for the Emperor!” The faintest possible sound followed this announcement: and the Chancellor, with admirable presence of mind, instantly proclaimed “A speech from the Emperor!”
The Emperor had begun his speech almost before the words were uttered. “However unwilling to be Emperor —since you all wish me to be Emperor—you know how badly the late Warden managed things—with such enthusiasm as you have shown—he persecuted you—he taxed you too heavily—you know who is fittest man to be Emperor—my brother had no sense—”
How long this curious speech might have lasted it is impossible to say, for just at this moment a hurricane shook the palace to its foundations, bursting open the windows, extinguishing some of the lamps, and filling the air with clouds of dust, which took strange shapes in the air, and seemed to form words.
But the storm subsided as suddenly as it had risen— the casements swung into their places again: the dust vanished: all was as it had been a minute ago—with the exception of the Emperor and Empress, over whom had come a wondrous change. The vacant stare, the meaningless smile, had passed away: all could see that these two strange beings had returned to their senses.
The Emperor continued his speech as if there had been no interruption. “And we have behaved—my wife and I—like two arrant Knaves. We deserve no better name. When my brother went away, you lost the best Warden you ever had.  Me! One that has hardly got the wits to be shoe-black!”
The Lord Chancellor wrung his hands in despair. “He is mad, good people!” he was beginning. But both speeches stopped suddenly—and, in the dead silence that followed, a knocking was heard at the outer door.
“What is it?” was the general cry. People began running in and out. The excitement increased every moment The Lord Chancellor, forgetting all the rules of Court ceremony, ran full speed down the hall, and in a minute returned, pale and gasping for breath.


Pagination blocks can also be sized to a larger or a smaller size. Use the classes .pagination-lg for larger blocks or .pagination-sm.
.pagination-lg
.pagination-sm


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load bootstrap3 %} {% block title %}allseasons{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Broadly speaking, a season is a period of the year marked by changes in weather. Seasons exist because of the tilt in the Earth's axis.
A set of seasons is grouped into a calendar. Seasons are also reversed in the northern and southern hemispheres, while "traditional" seasons of summer, autumn, winter and spring may be quite meaningless to those living near the Equator.
Even these "traditional" seasons are not so simple:
Many cultures have developed their own calendars, too. In south Asia the Hindu, Bengali and Tamil calendars recognise six seasons of two months each. In Australia, there are different calendars of indigeneous seasons recognised by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Want to find out the season of a particular time and place, for example your birth? You can! Calculate a season now!