byte
type returned from a method implementing the InputStream.read()
method.
This is suspicious because InputStream.read()
should return a value in the range from 0
to 255
,
while an expression of byte type contains a value from -128
to 127
.
The quick-fix converts the expression into an unsigned byte
by applying the bitmask 0xFF
.
Example:
class MyInputStream extends InputStream {
int pos = 0;
byte[] data;
MyInputStream(byte[] input) {
data = input;
}
@Override
public int read() {
if (pos == data.length) {
return -1;
}
return data[pos++]; // problem
}
}
After applying the quick-fix:
class MyInputStream extends InputStream {
int pos = 0;
byte[] data;
MyInputStream(byte[] input) {
data = input;
}
@Override
public int read() {
if (pos == data.length) {
return -1;
}
return data[pos++] & 0xFF;
}
}
New in 2023.2


After we have explored the basics of network programming in brief in the previous post, we will discuss network clients in more details in this post.
Understanding Sockets
Sockets are an extension to the operating system’s I/O system that
enable communication between processes and machines. It can be treated
the same as standard files, with the same interface methods so in many
cases, a program need not know whether it’s writing data to a file, the
terminal, or a TCP connection. While many files are opened with the open
() call, sockets are created with the socket () call and additional
calls are needed to connect and activate them.
Creating Sockets
For a client program, creating a socket is generally a two-step process.
When you create a socket object, you need to tell the system two things:
For a TCP connection, creating a socket generally uses
code like this:
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) To connect the
socket, you’ll generally need to provide a tuple containing the remote
hostname or IP address and the remote port. Connecting a socket
typically looks like this:
s.connect((“www.example.com”, 80))
Finding the port number
Most operating systems ship with a list of well-known server port numbers which you can query. On windows systems, you can find this file at C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\services. To query this list, you need two parameters:
This query is like:
>>>print socket.getservbyname(‘ftp’,’tcp’)
21
You didn’t have to know in advance that FTP uses port 80.
Getting Information from a Socket
Once you’ve established a socket connection, you can find out some
useful information from it.
s.getsockname() #Get your IP address and port number
s.getpeername() #Get the remote machine IP address and port number
Socket Exceptions
Different network calls can raise different exceptions when network errors occur. Python’s socket module actually defines four possible exceptions:
Complete Example
The example program takes three command-line arguments: a host to which
it will connect, a port number or name on the server, and a file to
request from the server. The program will connect to the server, send a
simple HTTP
request for the given filename, and display the result. Along the way,
it exercises care to handle various types of potential errors.
import socket, sys
host = sys.argv[l]
textport = sys.argv[2]
filename = sys.argv[3]
try:
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
except socket.error, e:
print “Strange error creating socket: %s” % e
sys.exit(l)
# Try parsing it as a numeric port number.
try:
port = int(textport)
except ValueError:
# That didn’t work, so it’s probably a protocol name.
# Look it up instead,
try:
port = socket.getservbyname(textport, ’tcp’)
except socket.error, e:
print “Couldn’t find your port: %s” % e
sys.exit(i)
try:
s.connect((host, port))
except socket.gaierror, e:
print “Address-related error connecting to server: %s” % e
sys.exit(i)
except socket.error, e:
print “Connection error: %s” % e
sys.exit(l)
try:
s.sendall(“CET %s HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n” % filename)
except socket.error, e:
print “Error sending data: %s” % e
sys.exit(i)
while 1:
try:
buf = s.recvB048)
except socket.error, e:
print “Error receiving data: %s” % e
sys.exit(l)
if not len(buf):
break
sys.stdout.write(buf)
Using User Datagram Protocol
In UDP there is no sufficient control over how data is sent and received. Working with UDP clients differs than TCP clients in the following:
In this post we discussed network clients in a little bit depth. In the next post we will discuss network servers.


{% extends 'gallery/base.html' %} {% block content %} {{block.super}}
Enjoy Photo Moments Like never before.
This is a Python photo gallery application based on Django Framework that allows users to view different photos that interest them, click on a single photo to expand it and also view the details of the photo and the photo details appear on a modal within the same route as the main page, Search for different categories of photos. (e.g. Travel, Food), copy a link to the photo to share with my friends and view photos based on the location they were taken..


Fill in the reported number of enemies, click the Sulaco to deploy, then click the pulse rifle to defend Hadley's Hope!
Get some, marine!
Start the game


Social Edition
In this project we intend to apply the techniques of social software to the aspects of writing and editing. Currently, are three projects. A main project on a Collaborative Platform to Fernando Pessoa’s Book of Disquiet editions, which includes virtual collaborative editions. The second project is on the edition of descriptions of software architectures of real systems and their collaborative transformation into a semi-structured representation of the systems. In the third project we are defining a knowledge repository for software engineering that uses an ontology to relate different web sources on software engineering topics.
LdoD
Fernando Pessoa’s “Livro do Desassossego” (“Book of Disquiet”) (LdoD) book is the result of its editors choices and interpretations. LdoD is a set of Pessoa’s writings that the editors collected together in a book. The editors’ decisions were based on an analysis of the writings, considering aspects like content and style. Therefore, the existing five editions of the LdD differ in the set of selected texts and even in the facsimiles transcriptions.
In this project we intend to take advantage of social software features to foster the creation of a social edition of Pessoas’s book.
Based on the digital facsimiles of the LdoD we have implemented a collaborative archive that allows the creation of virtual editions of LdoD which consist of:
- Digital repository for the LoD writings. The writings classification is codified in metadata using the standard TEI-P5.
- A social edition tool that allows the creation of LdoD virtual editions using folksonomy like techniques.
- A recommendation system that sequences LdoD fragements according to a set of criteria proposing different read sequences of the book.
The project main challenges are the identification of the set of social software features that will promote collaboration among online readers of LdoD, software architectures for digital humanities, and collaborative editing in digital humanities.
A prototype is being implemented while the book fragments are being encoded in TEI to allow a mutual feedback between the encoding process and the tool design. This project is in collaboration with CLP of the University of Coimbra, https://projetoldod.wordpress.com/tag/manuel-portela/.
An open-source prototype, a collaborative archieve for LdoD, is being developed and it will soon become a full-fletched application. The source code is publicly available in a github repository, https://github.com/socialsoftware/edition.
The system is deployed at http://ldod.uc.pt/, though only authorized users can access it until it is publicly available, expected for the second quarter of 2016.
Software Architecture Analyzer
An educational platform where the students collaboratively analyse and synthesise the description of a software architecture, for instance, High Performance Networking in Chrome, and build a semi-structured description of the system, wikipedia-like, using social software features. The project focus on the knowledge gathering and pedagogical aspects of this approach.
Software Engineering Knowledge
A knowledge repository for the software engineering dicipline where external web sources are integrated with internal sources to build a learning enviroment subsumed by a set of evolving categories represented by an ontology. Both, the sources and the set of categories evolve through the interactions of the repository users.
Research Opportunities
- LdoD
- Visualization in the LdoD
- Synthesis of Knowledge in LdoD virtual editions
Publications
- Manuel Portela and António Rito Silva. Fernando Pessoa’s Book of Disquiet as a Dynamic Digital Archive. In Digital Critical Editions - Comparing Editions, edited by Paola Italia and Claudia Bonsi, Sapienza Università Editrice, 2016. pp. 23-35.
- Manuel Portela and António Rito Silva, ‘Encoding, Visualizing and Generating Variation in LdoD’, Variants, Volume 12-13 (2016), pp. 189-210, ISSN 1573-3084. http://variants.revues.org/356 António Rito Silva and Manuel Portela, ‘TEI4LdoD: Textual Encoding and Social Editing in Web 2.0 Environments’, In Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, Issue 8 (December 2014), ISSN: 2162-5603. DOI: 10.4000/jtei.1171
- Manuel Portela and António Rito Silva, ‘A Model for a Virtual LdoD’, Literary and Linguistic Computing, Advance Online Publication: March, 5, 2014 Online ISSN 1477-4615 – Print ISSN 0268-1145. http://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/03/05/llc.fqu004.abstract. Also at Digital Humanities Scholarship, Online Publication: December 2, 2014 Online ISSN 2055-768X Print ISSN 2055-7671 http://dsh.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/12/02/llc.fqu004.
- António Rito Silva and Manuel Portela – ‘TEI4LdoD: Textual Encoding and Social Editing in Web 2.0 Environments’, Fabio Ciotti and Arianna Ciula, eds., The Linked TEI: Text Encoding in the Web: TEI Conference and Members Meeting 2013, Book of Abstracts, DIGILAB, Università La Sapienza, Roma, 2013, pp. 119-126. ISBN 978-88-6507-542-5. http://digilab2.let.uniroma1.it/teiconf2013/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/book-abstracts.pdf
- António Rito Silva and Manuel Portela – ‘Social Edition 4 The Book of Disquiet: The Disquiet of Experts with Common Users’, Matthias Korn, Tommaso Colombino, and Myriam Lewkowicz, eds. ECSCW 2013: Adjunct Proceedings The 13th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, 2013, pp. 45-50. ISSN 0105-8517. http://cs.au.dk/~mkorn/ECSCW_2013_Adjunct_Proceedings-web.pdf
Researchers
- António Rito Silva
- David Duarte (MSc on Annotation System for Software Architecture)
- Pedro Martins (MSc on the Synthesis of Taxonomies in the LdoD Archive)
- José Raposo (MSc on LdoD Visualization)
- Miguel Cruz (MSc on LdoD Modularization)
- Gonçalo Marques (MSc on LdoD Crowdsourcing and Gamification)
- Duarte Oliveira (MSc on LdoD Social Media Aware Editions)
Past Researchers
- André Santos (MSc on Advanced Query and Navigation for Digital Humanities)
- Catarina Santana (MSc on a Platform for the Analysis and Synthesis of Software Architecture Descriptions)


| MetroCon 2004 - Biotechnology Track |
Abstracts & Biographies
|
See Program
Outline and Schedule
Multi-disciplinary Research
in Biology and Medicine
Richard E. Swaja, Ph. D.
Senior Science Advisor
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
National Institutes of Health
8:30-9:30
Abstract: Dramatic improvements in healthcare and quality of life have resulted from research and development that applied principles and methods from the quantitative sciences to address biomedical problems. As medical care continues to progress, research at spatial and temporal scales not encompassed by traditional biomedical disciplines is necessary to create significant advances. Biomedical research communities are well aware of the need to encourage and support multi-disciplinary approaches to research and development - approaches that will result from collaborations among disciplines and organizations. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has developed opportunities and programs to facilitate and support disciplinary and organizational partnerships aimed at improving healthcare and medicine. This presentation discusses several of these programs and related opportunities for research funding. Programs that support the application of physical and engineering sciences to biology and medicine are described along with trans-NIH opportunities through the Bioengineering Consortium and Bioinformatics Consortium. Implications to investigators of the NIH Roadmap Initiative on multidisciplinary research and public/private partnerships is also discussed.
Biography: Dr. Richard E. Swaja is the Senior Science
Advisor for the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
(NIBIB) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). His current responsibilities
include developing research, training, and communication programs for the NIBIB;
coordinating the NIH’s Bioengineering Consortium (BECON); coordinating
trans-NIH and inter-agency biomedical research and training programs; and serving
as scientific liaison to universities, private industry, and other Federal agencies.
Prior to this position, Dr. Swaja was the Senior Advisor for Biomedical Engineering
in the Office of Extramural Research at the NIH. Before coming to the NIH, he
conducted and directed research and development programs in nuclear medicine,
environmental pollutant detection and assessment, computational modeling and
simulation, photonics, and radiobiology at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Dr. Swaja received the Ph.D. degree in Nuclear Science from Carnegie Mellon
University in 1973.
Drug
Delivery Technology Applied to the Drug Development Process
Terry K. Wiernas, Ph.D., M.B.A. R.Ph.
Senior Director Development, Pharmaceutical Products
Alcon Research, Ltd.
9:45-10:45
Abstract: Loss of vision is a very frightening prospect for most people since it is so integrally linked to overall independence. Alcon has been dedicated to developing and commercializing specialized pharmaceutical, surgical and consumer products that prevent the loss of vision or restore visual function for more than 50 years. This presentation will cover the basics of the drug discovery and drug development process. Specific examples will be presented of the application of drug delivery technology to improve product life cycles and enhance patient compliance. Greater collaboration between engineers and pharmaceutical scientists could easily result in tremendous advances in drug delivery for the future benefit of patients and physicians.
Biography: Dr. Terry K. Wiernas is a Senior Director,
Development, Pharmaceutical Products at Alcon Research, Ltd. in Fort Worth,
TX. Her current responsibilities include global product development of drugs
to treat allergy, dry eye and inflammation, as well as surgical therapeutics,
generics and product support. Prior to assuming this position, Dr. Wiernas served
as a regulatory affairs executive responsible for both domestic and international
registration of drug products. Before joining Alcon Research, she managed drug
registrations for Whitby Research, Inc. and the A.H. Robins Co. in Richmond,
Virginia. Dr. Wiernas began her career as a pharmacist in Biopharmaceutics Research
at A.H.Robins Co. with responsibility for conducting research associated with
product and process development of controlled-release dosage forms. Dr. Wiernas
received her B.S. in Pharmacy from the Medical College of Virginia, M.B.A. from
Virginia Commonwealth University and Ph.D. from the University of North Texas
Health Science Center in Fort Worth.
Drug Delivery Fibers
for Potential Solid Tumor Treatment
Kevin D. Nelson (1), Brent B. Crow (1),
Deepal Panchal (1), Joana Ganter (2), Jason Fleming (3)
(1) Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering at The University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center at Dallas and The University of Texas at Arlington
(2) Universidade Federal do Parana - Curitiba - Brazil
(3) The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
11:00-12:00
Abstract: A major segment of the research done in drug delivery uses biodegradable polymers that are loaded with drugs for slow, sustained release. These polymers usually have the format of microspheres with a diameter on the order of 10’s to 100 um. Several years ago, our lab developed the patent-pending method of extruding similar sized, drug-loaded, biodegradable fibers at room temperature that will slowly release drugs. These fibers have a number of important advantages over traditional microspheres such as continuous as opposed to batch processing, much smaller surface to volume ratio for a slower release, the ability of the fiber to have mechanical strength (i.e., you can tie knots in it), it is surgically removable, and it can hold a much larger drug load on a drug mass to polymer mass basis than the microspheres used by most researchers. In addition, these fibers can be made into different formats (e.g. they can be monofilament, hollow, water-filled, gel-filled, multi-layer core-in-sheath, etc.). Each of these formats provides a unique capability not found in other types of drug delivery modalities and provides a ready opportunity to combine different types of polymer in the same fiber. Each type of polymer can have different degradation rates, hence different drug release rates, and each can be loaded with a different drug. Therefore, this technology makes possible the delivery of different drugs, each with its own release kinetics from the same fiber.
We report here the results of a gel-filled fiber, wherein the gel was loaded
with a beta-galactosidase adenovirus. This virus contains genetic material,
which if infected within a cell will induce the creation of a protein that can
be uniquely stained blue. Therefore, the extent of cell transfection can be
readily identified. These fibers were surgically implanted into a human pancreatic
tumor cell line that was implanted into immune-compromised mice. These tumors
were allowed to grow to a size of approximately 5 mm in diameter before our
fibers were implanted. The end result is that at the time of sacrifice, the
tumors had nearly all cells within 2-4mm of the fiber turn blue, indicating
that the virus successfully was loaded and released from the fiber with retained
biological activity. This now provides hope that therapeutic viruses can also
be loaded into our fibers with the end result being regression of a pancreatic
tumor.
Biography: Kevin Nelson is an associate professor in the Joint Program of Biomedical Engineering at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and The University of Texas at Arlington. He is also the Founder, President and Chief Scientific Officer of TissueGen, Inc., a small company whose goal is to commercialize the intellectual property generated in his university labs.
Dr. Nelson has been doing research in the areas of drug delivery and tissue engineering since 1996. Dr. Nelson completed his doctorate degree in biomedical engineering in 1995 at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Prior to this he worked as a mechanical engineer at General Dynamics, San Diego, CA as a structural dynamics engineer.
Tissue Engineering Needs and Opportunities:
Perspectives in Aging and Wound Care
Dr. Robert W. Gracy
Associate Vice President for Research and Biotechnology
University of North Texas Health Science Center
1:30-2:15
Abstract: Aging and chronic diseases such as diabetes result in problem wounds with impaired healing characteristics. These result in long term suffering, prolonged hospitalizations, amputations and can be life threatening. Approximately 15 years ago efforts began to bring together areas of biotechnology and tissue engineering to develop new technologies and alternatives to address these problems. A great deal has been learned since then especially in the areas of tissue growth factors and in methods for growing and manufacturing “ tissue equivalents” which may be used for treatment of such problem wounds. However, development of clinically useful technologies and products has been slow. Only a few such products are emerging on the market and the numbers of amputations required from problem wounds of diabetes continues to increase. This presentation provides an overview of the biotechnology and tissue engineering advances, current approaches, limitations and barriers, and potential new directions.
Biography: Dr. Gracy received his B.S. in Chemistry and Biological Sciences from California Polytechnic University and his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of California. He was a Fellow of the Daymon Runyon Cancer Foundation at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City and a Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany. In addition to his academic appointment as Professor of Molecular Biology he has served as Chairman of Biochemistry and Dean of Research. He has held Visiting Professor positions in Würzburg, Germany, Nanjing, China, Chiang Mai, Thailand, U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.
Dr. Gracy's research focuses on the oxidative damage, proteomics and molecular
basis for the accumulation of modified proteins in aging and such consequences
as Alzheimer’s Disease. He was the recipient of Research Career Development
and MERIT awards from the National Institutes of Health and research awards
from the American Chemical Society and the American Osteopathic Medical Association
(Gutensohn-Denslow Award). He has published approximately two hundred research
papers and book chapters and holds several patents in biotechnology. Dr. Gracy
was appointed by the Governor to serve on the Texas Healthcare Information Council
and on the Texas Council on Science and Biotechnology Development. Dr. Gracy
serves as a consultant to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries and
is on the scientific advisory board and board of directors of several such industries.
Rotary Bioreactors:
A New Tool for Tissue Engineering
Dr. Stephen S. Navran
Chief Scientist, Synthecon, Inc.
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
2:25-3:10
Abstract: The original concept of the Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS) developed at NASA’s Johnson Space Center was to simulate the microgravity conditions of space in order to model at the cellular level the effects of microgravity on the astronauts. The principal used is to culture cells in a fluid-filled, zero headspace cylindrical chamber rotated horizontally to suspend cells in a continuous state of free fall with very low shear stress (< 0.5 dynes/sq. cm). Oxygenation is accomplished by diffusion through a silicone membrane on the back of the culture vessel or running down the center. During the initial testing of the bioreactor, it was observed that when dispersed cells were introduced into the vessel, they tended to aggregate and form large three-dimensional structures that resembled the tissues from which they were derived. Since then, a number of studies have confirmed that assembling cells in three-dimensional structures using the RCCS technology produced tissue analogs that were functionally very close to intact tissues both at the cellular and molecular level. For basic science, the advantages of this technology are obvious. For therapeutics, the possibilities for using the RCCS for tissue engineering are vast. The development of the RCCS has continued from its original concept of a simple rotating fluid-filled cylinder. For example, we now have continuously perfused systems that better maintain normal physiological conditions than the original batch culture devices. Nevertheless, there are a number of areas in which engineering disciplines can interface with biology to impact this technology:
1. Fluid Mechanics: Aggregation of cells is very sensitive to the movement of the surrounding fluid. If there is too little aggregation, cells may undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). If there is too much aggregation, cells in the center of the aggregates will die from lack of oxygen and nutrients. Analysis of the effect of the shape of the culture vessel on the behavior of cells cultured in the RCCS is needed.
2. Biomaterials: Most cells in the body exist in a complex extracellular matrix environment which profoundly influences gene expression and tissue function. The ability to synthesize materials which mimic the extracellular matrix will be very important for producing tissues for therapeutic applications.
3. Sensors and control systems: In the body, the tissue environment is maintained within very narrow limits. In cell culture systems, especially batch culture, the environment can vary tremendously, causing stress to the cells. By developing compact, robust sensors and control systems for the RCCS, it will be possible to reduce tissue injury and improve the quality of the tissue-engineered product.
Biography: I did my doctoral work at the Ohio State University in Biochemical Pharmacology. My thesis involved the biochemistry and pharmacology of platelet aggregation. After finishing at Ohio State, I did a post-doctoral fellowship at Baylor College of Medicine in the Cardiovascular Sciences Section of the Department of Medicine. My work involved the role of the sodium/potassium pump in vascular contractility and smooth muscle growth. At the end of my post-doctoral fellowship I joined the facility in Cardiovascular Sciences and studied the regulation of vascular smooth muscle by adrenergic receptors. During my time at Baylor, I had an opportunity to visit NASA engineers and scientists who were developing what they called the Rotating Wall Vessel. When two of the developers left NASA to form Synthecon to commercialize the system which is now known as the Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS), I joined them to help develop new applications.
Interdisciplinary Solutions
to Problems in Tissue Engineering
S. Dan Dimitrijevich,
Ph.D.
Director, Laboratories of Human Cell & Tissue Engineering
University of North Texas Health Science Center
3:20-4:05
Abstract: Development and function of living organisms involve biomechanical events arising primarily form interactions of cellular components with the extracellular matrix, the major component of living organisms. These interactions, now recognized as mechano-signaling, transmitted by the cellular cytoskeleton, culminate in gene expression changes. Such mutual dependence is reflected in unique organization of a number of tissues that is essential for their function. Thus an understanding of normal state and pathological conditions of tissues demands multidisciplinary approaches that are particularly evident in tissue engineering.
Our involvement in mechanical aspects of tissue biology began with the construction of 3-dimensional in vitro models of human tissue–Tissue Equivalents. This “Tissue Engineering” concept incorporates normal human cells into collagen type I architecture to produce living models the skin and the cornea. The unique properties of our design are optical translucency and dimensional stability. Translucency allows observation of cellular morphology, movement, and viability by variety of methods. The consequence of dimensional stability Tissue Equivalents a perfect model for studies of tissue contraction, which ideally closes a wound, but when poorly controlled, result in debilitating scar formation.
Measurement of tissue contraction and direct real time observations of cellular events are examples of challenges requiring engineering approaches. Similarly the challenge of constructing highly organized tissue such as the cornea or vascular wall are examples of future interdisciplinary challenges.
Biography: Educated in UK, [BSc. (Applied Chemistry); Ph.D. (Carbohydrate Synthesis), Bath University, Bath UK]. Postdoctoral experience shared between pharmaceutical (Institute of Molecular Biology Syntex Research, Palo Alto CA., and Nucleic Acid Research Institute, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA) and academic research (University of Alberta, Edmonton Canada; Durham University, Durham UK; University of London Berkbeck College, London, UK; State University of New York, Buffalo NY).
Joined UNT Health Science Center in 1987, and changed research interest to biological aspects of wound healing/tissue repair, which evolved into human cell and tissue engineering. Dr Dimitrijevich has been Acting Director of the Wound Healing Research Institute and Director of Human Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratories associated with The Eye Research Institute and Cardiovascular Research Institute. He has several patents in the tissue engineering area and is a consultant and a member of Scientific Advisory Boards for several established pharmaceutical companies and emerging biotech companies.
Engineering Implications
of Understanding Human Accommodation
Ronald A. Schachar,
M.D., Ph.D.
Adjunct Professor of Physics
University of Texas at Arlington
4 :15-5:00
Abstract: Accommodation is the dynamic ability of the eye to change focus. It occurs as a result of changes in the surface curvatures of the crystalline lens. The force from ciliary muscle contraction is transduced by the zonules to the equator of the lens to induce the required lenticular surface changes. The ciliary muscle is approximately one tenth the size of the crystalline lens and can only generate a total force of 1.6 grams. The mechanism by which this small muscle can produce accommodation has significant practical implications.
Biography: Dr. Schachar earned a Ph.D. in Ophthalmology from the University of Chicago in 1975, an M.D. from the State University of New York in 1967, and a B.S. in Physics from the City University of New York in 1963. Dr. Schachar holds 64 international patents and has authored over 100 archival journal articles and 7 books in the field of ophthalmology. He is the founder of the Presby Corporation. From 1998 to 2002, he raised over $13 million for funding of the Presby Corporation. From 1998 to 2001, the Presby Corporation, under Dr. Schachar’s guidance, generated $4 million in revenues. In 2003, the Presby Corporation merged into Refocus Group, Incorporated. Today, Dr. Schachar serves as a consultant to the Presby Corporation and is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Texas at Arlington, Texas.


At least 12 others were injured in the accident which occurred on the Dhaka-Aricha Highway in the Upazila's Falsatia area in the early hours of Sunday, said Borongail Highway Police Sub-Inspector Yamin Ud-Dowla.
"A Jashore-bound South Line Paribahan bus crashed into a fish-laden truck coming from the opposite direction. The truck driver and a passenger of the bus died on the spot."
The highway police later rescued the injured with the help of the locals and took them to the Upazila Health Complex. A few critically injured people were subsequently transport to the district sadar hospital.
Police could not immediately identify the dead. Among the injured, three are in critical condition, said SI Yamin.


EU establishes standalone border force
BRUSSELS: The European Union on Friday (Nov 8) formally established its first standalone border force, boosting the Frontex service with a new permanent corps that will number 10,000 officers by 2027.
The adoption by EU member states means Frontex - the border and coast guard agency for the bloc's Schengen area - will have personnel wearing its uniform and on its payroll who can be deployed to the EU's external borders to handle crises or general management.
Frontex currently has up to 1,500 officers active at any time but they are seconded to the agency by member states for short missions, along with ships and aircraft.
The EU regulation adopted Friday also expands the agency's mandate, which "will allow Frontex to play a bigger role in supporting member states in border control, on returns and in cooperating with third countries," said Maria Ohisalo, interior minister of Finland, which presently holds the EU's rotating presidency.
"FIRST UNIFORMED SERVICE"
Frontex, whose headquarters is in Poland's capital Warsaw, has been called on to handle numerous migration situations, most notably in 2015 when a million asylum-seekers entered the EU, many of them Syrians fleeing war.
While the number of migrants has fallen under a 2016 deal done with neighbouring Turkey, threats from Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to "open the gates" once more have raised alarm in EU capitals.
Frontex says its new corps will be "Europe's first uniformed service" - a boast affirming the EU's goal to build integrated security institutions to match its economic and political heft.
Last month, it launched its first recruitment drive for more than 700 border guards who will be operational in January 2021.
"The agency will provide support at the request of the member state concerned or on its own initiative and in agreement with the member state concerned," the European Council said in a statement.
The Schengen area comprises 22 of the EU's 28 member states, with four more - Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania - due to be included in the future. Two EU countries have opt-outs from the area: Ireland and Brexit-bound Britain.
Another four European countries outside the EU but with close relations with it - Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland - are also part of the Schengen area.
Frontex's budget has swelled steadily in the 14 years of its existence and will jump 26 per cent from this year to next to stand at €421 million (US$464 million).


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public interface DateRangeLimiter
extends android.os.Parcelable
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
java.util.Calendar |
getEndDate()
getEndDate returns the maximum selectable date of the picker
It is called in various places, including the hot loop when rendering.
|
default int |
getMaxYear()
getMaxYear returns the maximum selectable year of the picker
This method should semantically match getEndDate()
It is recommended to keep the default implementation.
|
default int |
getMinYear()
getMinYear returns the minimum selectable year of the picker.
|
java.util.Calendar |
getStartDate()
getStartDate returns the minimum selectable date of the picker
It is called in various places, including the hot loop when rendering.
|
boolean |
isOutOfRange(int year,
int month,
int day)
isOutOfRange is called for each date when it is about to be rendered
Returning true from this function will cause that particular day to be non selectable
Since this code is called in the inner loop when rendering, it is highly recommended to
keep the logic as simple as possible
|
java.util.Calendar |
setToNearestDate(java.util.Calendar day)
setToNearestDate rounds a Date to the nearest selectable value.
|
default int getMinYear()
default int getMaxYear()
java.util.Calendar getStartDate()
java.util.Calendar getEndDate()
boolean isOutOfRange(int year, int month, int day)
year
- the year of the datemonth
- the month of the dateday
- the day of the month of the datejava.util.Calendar setToNearestDate(java.util.Calendar day)
day
- a date with the current user selection


I find myself trying to find my last post so I can read where I left off quite a bit. This plugin will highlight yourself so you can find your own posts easier.
I haven't had a case where it didn't work on a BF4 and not the other and vise versa, but if it does, give me a link to the page. :)


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| CONTENTS | PREV | NEXT | Java Remote Method Invocation |
In order to invoke remote methods through a firewall, some RMI calls make use of the HTTP protocol, more specifically HTTP POST. The URL specified in the post header can be one of the following:http://<host>:<port>/
http://<host>:80/cgi-bin/java-rmi?forward=<port>The first URL is used for direct communication with an RMI server on the specific host and port. The second URL form is used to invoke a "cgi" script on the server which forwards the invocation to the server on the specified port.
An HttpPostHeader is a standard HTTP header for a POST request. An HttpResponseHeader is a standard HTTP response to a post. If the response status code is not 200, then it is assumed that there is no Return. Note that only a single RMI call is embedded in an HTTP POST request.
- HttpMessage:
HttpPostHeader Header Message
HttpReturn:
HttpResponseHeader Return


WelcomeErgoActive is a software that has been developed in cooperation with qualified chiropractors in Sweden in order to prevent computer related injuries Unfortunately this site is still under construction if you wish to order a copy of ErgoActive please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
|
NewsJune 2005 Ergative International is competed with translation to English and Swedish. Click here to download November 2004 ErgoActive is currently at trials in several companies. Initial feed back is extremely positive. |
ErgoActive DownloadErgoActive runs on Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP. To download ErgoActive version 1.0:
NOTE: The installation requires you to be logged on as a user with administrator level access rights on Windows NT, 2000 or XP. |


Pig Dice
, it's your turn
Welcome to Pig Dice!
Turn Score:
Enter Your Name:
Start
Total Score:
Enter Your Name:
Start
Total Score:
Roll!
Hold!
click to play again


Documentation : Using DrMemory
DrMemory is a tool for detecting memory errors and misuse of Windows APIs.
I’ve tried portable version 1.8.1RC1 on Windows 7 32bit (it doesn’t support Windows 10 and 64bit).
I ran it as:
mkdir ..\drmemlogs
..\drmemory\bin\drmemory.exe -logdir ..\drmemlogs -suppress=drmem-sup.txt — .\rel\SumatraPDF.exe ..\f1.pdf
There are what appear to be false positives. I add suppressions to drmem-sup.txt as I find them.
DrMemory visibly slows down the program and also crashes sometimes (e.g. it crashed for me with XPS files).


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: "我的观点:可悲的“中国特色互联网”" author: Leask author_login: leask author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: https://leaskh.com wordpress_id: 251 wordpress_url: http://leaskh.wordpress.com/2009/05/24/%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%82%e7%82%b9%e5%8f%af%e6%82%b2%e7%9a%84%e2%80%9c%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e7%89%b9%e8%89%b2%e4%ba%92%e8%81%94%e7%bd%91%e2%80%9d date: '2009-05-24 17:25:41 +0800' date_gmt: '2009-05-24 17:25:41 +0800' categories: tags: [] comments: [] ---


 Contact us on our Slack. You can sign up by going to http://LansingCodes.Slack.com . You will find us in the Code4Lansing forum. You will need to create a Trello account, follow the instructions to link it to the server and finally send up the citizen.env file. Then all you need to do is create your volunteer projects and tasks in Trello and upload the client file to your website and link to it.
- You can install the CityZen server on your own hosting account. We provide an npm, GitHub and Docker install instructions.
Starting the CityZen server:
- Rename the cityzen.env file to .env and place it in the server root directory.
-
Initialize the .env file and start the server:
npm start -- --config config/trello.json
If the server started successfully it will read:Listening on port 3000


Computers
Desktops
Laptops
Touchscreen
No Touchscreen
Tablets
Accessories
Audio
Headphones
Earbuds
Speakers
Mice
Keyboards
Monitors
Computer Parts
Ram
CPU
Storage
Hard Drive
SSD
GPU
Find: Ram


Movistar Smart Home is a domotic security system composed by three devices and a hub that connects them.
The app helps the user setting up the system at home, allows
different configuration options and displays data from the door
sensor, the movement sensor, and the main camera.
I was part of the interaction design development of this app
creating detailed wireframes based on the technological
brief.
Do you want to know more?
Feel free to contact me on
puapicasso@gmail.com


I'm a student at the University of Washington, and returned to be with family while my classes are online.
This summer, I'll be working for IBM Research, applying my computer science knowledge to the biomedical domain.
I'm also a very experienced tutor, and worked extensively with veterans, homeless youth, and disabled students.


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Karen Song
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red(i, j, width, height, globals) {
}
green(i, j, width, height, globals) {
}
blue(i, j, width, height, globals) {
}
alpha(i, j, width, height, globals) {
}


|
OpenJij C++ interface
0.4.0
|
KLocalPolynomial class. More...
#include <k_local_polynomial.hpp>
Public Types | |
| using | system_type = classical_system |
| system type More... | |
Public Member Functions | |
| KLocalPolynomial (const graph::Binaries &init_binaries, const graph::Polynomial< FloatType > &poly_graph) | |
| Constructor of KLocalPolynomial system class. More... | |
| KLocalPolynomial (const graph::Binaries &init_binaries, const nlohmann::json &j) | |
| Constructor of KLocalPolynomial system class. More... | |
| void | reset_binaries (const graph::Binaries &init_binaries) |
| Reset KLocalPolynomial system with new binary configurations. More... | |
| void | reset_dE () |
| Reset energy differences (dE), which is used to determine whether to flip the binary or not. More... | |
| FloatType | dE_single (const graph::Index index_binary) const |
| Return the energy difference of single spin flip update. More... | |
| FloatType | dE_k_local (const std::size_t index_key) |
| Return the energy difference of k-local update. More... | |
| void | update_system_k_local () |
| Update binary configurations by k-local update. More... | |
| void | update_system_single (const graph::Index index_update_binary) |
| Flip specified binary by single spin flip. More... | |
| void | virtual_update_system_single (const graph::Index index_update_binary) |
| Virtually flip specified binary by single spin flip. More... | |
| void | reset_virtual_system () |
| Reset binary configurations virtually updated by k-local update. More... | |
| void | set_rate_call_k_local (int rate_k_local) |
| Set "rate_call_k_local". k-local update is activated per rate_call_k_local times. More... | |
| int64_t | GetNumInteractions () const |
| Get the number of interactions. More... | |
| int64_t | GetZeroCount (const std::size_t index_key) const |
| Return the number of variables taking the zero in the interaction specified by "index_key". More... | |
| FloatType | GetPolyValue (const std::size_t index_key) const |
| Get the value of the interaction specified by "index_key". More... | |
| const std::vector< graph::Index > & | get_adj (const std::size_t index_binary) const |
| Get the adjacency list (the index of interactions) of the binary specified by "index_binary". More... | |
| const std::vector< graph::Index > & | get_active_binaries () const |
| Get "active_binaries_", which is the list of the binaries connected by at least one interaction. More... | |
| FloatType | get_max_effective_dE () const |
| Get "max_effective_dE_", which is a upper bound of energy gap. More... | |
| FloatType | get_min_effective_dE () const |
| Get "min_effective_dE_", which is a rough lower bound of energy gap. More... | |
| const cimod::PolynomialValueList< FloatType > & | get_values () const |
| Get the PolynomialValueList object, which is the list of the values of the polynomial interactions as std::vector<FloatType>. More... | |
| const cimod::PolynomialKeyList< graph::Index > & | get_keys () const |
| Get the PolynomialKeyList object, which is the list of the indices of the polynomial interactions as std::vector<std::vector<graph::Index>>. More... | |
| const std::vector< std::vector< graph::Index > > & | get_adj () const |
| Get the adjacency list, which is the list of the indices of polynomial interactions including specific binary. More... | |
| std::string | get_vartype_string () const |
| Get the vartype as std::string, which must be "BINARY". More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| const int64_t | num_binaries |
| The number of binaries. More... | |
| int | rate_call_k_local = 10 |
| k-local update is activated per rate_call_k_local times More... | |
| int64_t | count_call_updater = 0 |
| Counter of calling updater. More... | |
| graph::Binaries | binaries |
| Binary configurations. More... | |
| const cimod::Vartype | vartype = cimod::Vartype::BINARY |
| The model's type. SPIN or BINARY. More... | |
Private Member Functions | |
| void | SortInteractions () |
| Sort interactions in accordance with its value and the degree of interactions (ascending order). More... | |
| void | SetAdj () |
| Set adjacency list. Note that the list is sorted in accordance with the value of the interactions. More... | |
| void | ResetZeroCount () |
| Set zero_count_ and zero_count_v_. More... | |
| void | CheckVariables (const graph::Binaries &init_binaries) const |
| Check if variables are valid. More... | |
Private Attributes | |
| int64_t | num_interactions_ |
| The number of the interactions. More... | |
| std::vector< FloatType > | dE_ |
| The energy differences when flipping a binary. More... | |
| std::vector< int64_t > | zero_count_ |
| The number of variables taking the zero in each interaction. More... | |
| std::vector< std::vector< graph::Index > > | adj_ |
| Adjacency list, which is the list of the indices of polynomial interactions including specific binary. More... | |
| cimod::PolynomialKeyList< graph::Index > | poly_key_list_ |
| The list of the indices of the polynomial interactions as std::vector<std::vector<graph::Index>>. More... | |
| cimod::PolynomialValueList< FloatType > | poly_value_list_ |
| The list of the values of the polynomial interactions as std::vector<FloatType>. More... | |
| std::vector< graph::Index > | active_binaries_ |
| The list of the binaries connected by at least one interaction. More... | |
| FloatType | max_effective_dE_ |
| Upper bound of energy gap. More... | |
| FloatType | min_effective_dE_ |
| Rough lower bound of energy gap. More... | |
| std::vector< FloatType > | dE_v_ |
| The energy differences when flipping a binary, which is used to implement k-local update. More... | |
| graph::Binaries | binaries_v_ |
| Virtually updated binary configulations, which is used to implement k-local update. More... | |
| std::unordered_set< std::size_t > | update_index_dE_v_ |
| The list of virtually updated delta E's, which is used to implement k-local update. More... | |
| std::vector< std::size_t > | update_index_zero_count_v_ |
| The list of virtually updated index of zero_count_v_, which is used to implement k-local update. More... | |
| std::vector< std::size_t > | update_index_binaries_v_ |
| The list of virtually updated index of binaries_v_, which is used to implement k-local update. More... | |
| std::vector< int64_t > | zero_count_v_ |
| The list of virtually updated the number of variables taking the zero in each interaction, which is used to implement k-local update. More... | |
KLocalPolynomial class.
| using openjij::system::KLocalPolynomial< graph::Polynomial< FloatType > >::system_type = classical_system |
system type
|
inline |
Constructor of KLocalPolynomial system class.
| init_binaries | const graph::Binaries&. The initial binary configurations. |
| poly_graph | const graph::Polynomial<FloatType>& (Polynomial graph class). The initial interacrtions. |
|
inline |
Constructor of KLocalPolynomial system class.
| init_binaries | const graph::Binaries&. The initial binary configurations. |
| j | const nlohmann::json& |
|
inlineprivate |
Check if variables are valid.
| init_binaries | const graph::Spins& |
|
inline |
Return the energy difference of k-local update.
Note that this function changes the internal state of KLocalPolynomial system. This function virtually update the system by k-local update.
| index_key | const graph::Index |
|
inline |
Return the energy difference of single spin flip update.
| index_binary | const graph::Index |
|
inline |
Get "active_binaries_", which is the list of the binaries connected by at least one interaction.
|
inline |
Get the adjacency list, which is the list of the indices of polynomial interactions including specific binary.
|
inline |
Get the adjacency list (the index of interactions) of the binary specified by "index_binary".
| index_binary | const std::size_t |
|
inline |
Get the PolynomialKeyList object, which is the list of the indices of the polynomial interactions as std::vector<std::vector<graph::Index>>.
|
inline |
Get "max_effective_dE_", which is a upper bound of energy gap.
|
inline |
Get "min_effective_dE_", which is a rough lower bound of energy gap.
|
inline |
Get the PolynomialValueList object, which is the list of the values of the polynomial interactions as std::vector<FloatType>.
|
inline |
Get the vartype as std::string, which must be "BINARY".
|
inline |
Get the number of interactions.
|
inline |
Get the value of the interaction specified by "index_key".
| index_key | const std::size_t |
|
inline |
Return the number of variables taking the zero in the interaction specified by "index_key".
| index_key | const std::size_t |
|
inline |
Reset KLocalPolynomial system with new binary configurations.
| init_binaries | const graph::Binaries& |
|
inline |
Reset energy differences (dE), which is used to determine whether to flip the binary or not.
|
inline |
Reset binary configurations virtually updated by k-local update.
|
inlineprivate |
Set zero_count_ and zero_count_v_.
|
inline |
Set "rate_call_k_local". k-local update is activated per rate_call_k_local times.
| rate_k_local | int. |
|
inlineprivate |
Set adjacency list. Note that the list is sorted in accordance with the value of the interactions.
|
inlineprivate |
Sort interactions in accordance with its value and the degree of interactions (ascending order).
|
inline |
Update binary configurations by k-local update.
|
inline |
Flip specified binary by single spin flip.
| index_update_binary | const graph::Index |
|
inline |
Virtually flip specified binary by single spin flip.
| index_update_binary | const graph::Index. |
|
private |
The list of the binaries connected by at least one interaction.
|
private |
Adjacency list, which is the list of the indices of polynomial interactions including specific binary.
| graph::Binaries openjij::system::KLocalPolynomial< graph::Polynomial< FloatType > >::binaries |
Binary configurations.
|
private |
Virtually updated binary configulations, which is used to implement k-local update.
| int64_t openjij::system::KLocalPolynomial< graph::Polynomial< FloatType > >::count_call_updater = 0 |
Counter of calling updater.
|
private |
The energy differences when flipping a binary.
|
private |
The energy differences when flipping a binary, which is used to implement k-local update.
|
private |
Upper bound of energy gap.
|
private |
Rough lower bound of energy gap.
| const int64_t openjij::system::KLocalPolynomial< graph::Polynomial< FloatType > >::num_binaries |
The number of binaries.
|
private |
The number of the interactions.
|
private |
The list of the indices of the polynomial interactions as std::vector<std::vector<graph::Index>>.
|
private |
The list of the values of the polynomial interactions as std::vector<FloatType>.
| int openjij::system::KLocalPolynomial< graph::Polynomial< FloatType > >::rate_call_k_local = 10 |
k-local update is activated per rate_call_k_local times
|
private |
The list of virtually updated index of binaries_v_, which is used to implement k-local update.
|
private |
The list of virtually updated delta E's, which is used to implement k-local update.
|
private |
The list of virtually updated index of zero_count_v_, which is used to implement k-local update.
| const cimod::Vartype openjij::system::KLocalPolynomial< graph::Polynomial< FloatType > >::vartype = cimod::Vartype::BINARY |
The model's type. SPIN or BINARY.
|
private |
The number of variables taking the zero in each interaction.
|
private |
The list of virtually updated the number of variables taking the zero in each interaction, which is used to implement k-local update.


{% extends "layout/base.html" %} {% block content %}
These are the clusters found with word2vec, with cuisine names added afterwards by human intelligence. Each circle denotes a food term applied in the word2vec vocabulary list. The radius of the circles indicates degree (larger circles have more incident connections).
The relative clustering locations and linkage patterns are very informative about the cuisines Americans eat and how they structure their dinners. For example, the Mexican and Asian clusters are very self-contained, with few connections to other cuisines. Additionally, these clusters have small circles near their outer regions with most connections pointing inward towards other cluster members. This illustrates how these cuisines have foods that are paired very predominantly with other foods in the same cuisines cluster (Mexican example: salsa, mole poblano, and Spanish rice).


Q12 Correlations to Actor Engagement: How Can We Grow?
Apr 28, 2008
It is this final phase of the engagement journey which most directors aspire to, but so seldom attain within the time frame of a production. While we often speak of "creative teams" and "ensembles," saying that the actors an team assembled for a production are such doesn't necessarily make it so.
Gallup groups the following final questions of the Q12 into the the final ascent to the summit of this journey:
- In the last six months, someone at work talked to me about my progress.
- In the last year, I have had opportunities at work to learn and grow.
The time frame on these question has no direct correlation to the rehearsal process - a matter of weeks rather than years, but combine these questions into one question: "In this production I have grown and progressed as an actor and have received valuable assistance in doing so from my director and peers" and the lens of the questions becomes evident.
Frankly, given the length of time allocated for rehearsal through production, it is likely these questions will never be asked or answered until after the closing performance, however what is important is that if these questions are to be asked and answered, the actors and members of the production staff have moved beyond the lens of the previous steps of the journey - from the selfish into the realm selfless. Many times, actors struggle with lines or individual elements of their performances and are unable to move beyond their own needs to participate in meeting the needs of the group. This doesn't however prevent other members of the team from bringing these selfless elements to the ensemble as they each move beyond their own requirements for their respective performances.
It is the director's role to help facilitate the connections between actors, production staff, and to define their own relationships with the actors in a way that is meaningful and constructive. None of the phases on this journey of engagement suggest that conflicts and creative differences will not arise, but what they do offer are clear avenues of address to ensure that these conflicts and differences are addressed in manner which encourages engagement and selflessness, rather than setting back the process of achieving it.
While I am sure that the language used in the business world may be off-putting - even seem artificial - to those in artistic trades it is important to recognize the wisdom in meeting basic and central needs of individuals as part of the greater whole of creating a high-performing ensemble.
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5 references to NewProcessConnectionInfo
System.Management.Automation (5)
engine\hostifaces\ConnectionFactory.cs (2)
589
NewProcessConnectionInfo connectionInfo = new
NewProcessConnectionInfo
(null);
601
NewProcessConnectionInfo connectionInfo = new
NewProcessConnectionInfo
(null) { Process = processInstance };
engine\remoting\commands\newrunspacecommand.cs (1)
1145
NewProcessConnectionInfo connectionInfo = new
NewProcessConnectionInfo
(this.Credential);
engine\remoting\commands\StartJob.cs (1)
660
NewProcessConnectionInfo connectionInfo = new
NewProcessConnectionInfo
(this.Credential);
engine\remoting\common\RunspaceConnectionInfo.cs (1)
1646
NewProcessConnectionInfo result = new
NewProcessConnectionInfo
(_credential);


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This package contains example models to demonstrate the usage of the MultiBody package. Open the models and simulate them according to the provided description in the models.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Elementary | Elementary examples to demonstrate various features of the MultiBody library |
| Loops | Examples with kinematic loops |
| Rotational3DEffects | Demonstrates the usage of 1-dim. rotational elements with all 3-dim. effects included |
| Constraints | Examples with constraint joints |
| Systems | Examples of complete system models including 3-dimensional mechanics |


Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson you will be able to -
- Setup your environments.
- Launch a CloudFormation stack.
- Create a Key Pair.
- Create an S3 bucket.
- Access GitHub repos.
- Establish SSH keys.
- Launch and SSH into an EC2 instance.
- Review course resources.


File ../Classes//globals.lua
Functions
| cast (target, ...) | Hah, Invokes the 'cast' method of the specified class, to cast an existing object, class, or table into the specified class. |
| class (...) | Invokes the 'extend' method of the CooL 'BaseClass' class, effectively allowing CooL subclasses to be created. |
| className (packagePath) | Extracts the class name from the specified Lua package path. |
| extend (target, ...) | Invokes the 'extend' method of the specified class, to create a subclass of the specified class. |
| new (target, ...) | Invokes the 'new' method of the specified class, to create a new class instance object of the specified class. |
| packageName (packagePath) | Extracts the package name, without the class name, from the specified Lua package path. |
| packagePath (..., path) | Returns the provided package path parameter, as a way to provide explicit context for statements that need to get the package path of the current file. |
| printf (format, ...) | Prints the provided parameters via 'print', formatted according to the specified format, following the formatting convention of 'string.format'. |
| writef (format, ...) | Writes the provided parameters via 'io.write', formatted according to the specified format, following the formatting convention of 'string.format'. |
Functions
- cast (target, ...)
-
Hah, Invokes the 'cast' method of the specified class, to cast an existing object, class, or table into the specified class.
Parameters
- target: The class upon which to invoke the 'cast' method. If a string, will be interpreted as a file name to be 'required' first, which will then be expected to return a class with a 'cast' method to invoke.
- ...: Optional parameters to be passed to the 'cast' method.
Return value:
The valued returned by the 'cast' method of the specified class, usually expected to be an object instance that is cast to the specified class.See also:
- class (...)
-
Invokes the 'extend' method of the CooL 'BaseClass' class, effectively allowing CooL subclasses to be created. Use this method if you are passing in, as the first parameter, a table to be converted into a class. The table should contain a property 'className' that defines the name of the resulting class. If you want to create a new class from scratch, and would rather pass in the class name as a parameter, please see function 'autoclass'.
Parameters
- ...: Optional parameters to be passed to the 'extend' method of the CooL 'BaseClass' class.
Return value:
The valued returned by the 'extend' method of the CooL 'BaseClass' class, usually expected to be a new class that subclasses 'BaseClass'.See also:
- className (packagePath)
-
Extracts the class name from the specified Lua package path. For example, 'className( "Classes.CooL.globals" )' would return 'globals'.
Parameters
- packagePath: The Lua package path from which to extract the class name.
Return value:
The class name from the specified Lua package path. - extend (target, ...)
-
Invokes the 'extend' method of the specified class, to create a subclass of the specified class.
Parameters
- target: The class upon which to invoke the 'extend' method. If a string, will be interpreted as a file name to be 'required' first, which will then be expected to return a class with an 'extend' method to invoke.
- ...: Optional parameters to be passed to the 'extend' method.
Return value:
The valued returned by the 'extend' method of the specified class, usually expected to be a new class that subclasses the specified class.See also:
- new (target, ...)
-
Invokes the 'new' method of the specified class, to create a new class instance object of the specified class.
Parameters
- target: The class upon which to invoke the 'new' method. If a string, will be interpreted as a file name to be 'required' first, which will then be expected to return a class with a 'new' method to invoke.
- ...: Optional parameters to be passed to the 'new' method.
Return value:
The valued returned by the 'new' method of the specified class, usually expected to be a new class instance object of the specified class.See also:
- packageName (packagePath)
-
Extracts the package name, without the class name, from the specified Lua package path. For example, 'packageName( "Classes.CooL.globals" )' would return 'Classes.CooL'.
Parameters
- packagePath: The Lua package path from which to extract the package name.
Return value:
The package name from the specified Lua package path. - packagePath (..., path)
-
Returns the provided package path parameter, as a way to provide explicit context for statements that need to get the package path of the current file. e.g. 'local path = packagePath( ... )'
Parameters
- ...:
- path: The package path parameter to return.
Usage:
local path = packagePath( ... )Return value:
The provided package path parameter. - printf (format, ...)
-
Prints the provided parameters via 'print', formatted according to the specified format, following the formatting convention of 'string.format'. Automatically prints an end-of-line character following the string.
Parameters
- format: The 'string.format' formatting convention to apply to the provided parameters.
- ...: Optional parameters to format according to the specified format.
- writef (format, ...)
-
Writes the provided parameters via 'io.write', formatted according to the specified format, following the formatting convention of 'string.format'. Does not automatically print an end-of-line character following the string.
Parameters
- format: The 'string.format' formatting convention to apply to the provided parameters.
- ...: Optional parameters to format according to the specified format.


Business Analytics
Business Analytics
Exploring Data
Applied Regression Analysis
Times Series Analysis
Optimization
Machine Learning
Business Analytics
Docs
»
Indices and tables
View page source
All notebooks are at the
GitHub Repository
.
Business Analytics
Exploring Data
Data Description
Statistical Inferences
Statistical Significance
Estimating Relationships
Applied Regression Analysis
Regression Assumptions
Regression Estimation
Advice to Managers
Regression Analysis
Regression Modeling
Times Series Analysis
Forecasting Methods
Time Series Data
Forecasting with Regression
Exponential Smoothing Forecasts
Stationarity
Forecastability
Components of Time Series
Autocorrelation and Partial Autocorrelation
ARIMA Models
Seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) Models
Case Study
Optimization
Linear Programming
Mixed-Integer Programming
Nonlinear Programming
Operations Research
Monty Hall Problem
Secretary Problem
Machine Learning
Logistic Regression
Naive Bayes
Clustering
A First Look on Deep Learning
A Short Introduction to AI
Current Status of Deep Learning
Indices and tables
¶
Index
Module Index
Search Page


Roulette Wheels
Having specialised in the manufacture of roulette wheels for 30 years, Cammegh has developed a deep knowledge of both the established and evolving demands of roulette. Roulette wheels must not only be examples of precision engineering, they must also be aesthetically beautiful, easy to operate, require minimal servicing and meet the increasing challenges to security.
Cammegh has led the industry in developing new materials and security measures to uphold the integrity of both the wheel and the game itself. The Mercury 360 RRS we manufacture, for example, makes use of a composite bowl to ensure a stable platform that is inert to changes in temperature and humidity, while the RRS component delivers random rotor speeds to combat wheel clockers.
Classic
The definitive American roulette wheel.
Classic
The Cammegh Classic is the definitive American roulette wheel and the purest example of Cammegh's manufacturing philosophy. With precision-engineered components and a vast scope for customisation, the Classic makes an attractive, reliable addition to any gaming floor.
As with all Cammegh roulette wheels, the Classic comes in single, double and even triple-zero variants and features a bearing that is maintenance-free for life. The turret is finished in nickel plate as standard, but both this and the CNC-milled ball stops can be plated in 24 carat gold subject to requirement. Further options are available in the veneer and style of both turret and separator ring.
Connoisseur
A Classic Wheel built with a Garnite™ balltrack for improved durability. This wheel can be upgraded into a Mercury 360.
Connoisseur
The Connoisseur builds on the quality of the Classic wheel by incorporating Cammegh’s unique Garnite racetrack for increased durability.
A wide range of customisations are available for the Connoisseur, as throughout the range, including single, double or even triple-zero rotors. Additional options include scalloped or traditional double-radius separators, engraved turrets and a choice of colours or natural wood veneers.
Continental
Traditional French design meets state of the art manufacturing techniques.
Continental
The Cammegh Continental combines the traditional design of a French roulette wheel with state of the art manufacturing techniques. A hard-wearing Garnite™ balltrack and stainless steel cone are optional and all finishes can be customised to suit individual requirements.
Monaco
A breathtakingly beautiful and faithful reproduction of the 100 year old French wheels formerly used at Le Casino, Monte Carlo.
Monaco
The breathtakingly beautiful Cammegh Monaco is a faithful reproduction of the 100 year old French wheels formerly used at Le Casino, Monte Carlo.
The wheel shown features a rosewood veneer with tulip and ebony numbers and a solid brass dome and capstan.
Mercury 360
Cammegh's best-selling wheel, this product has all the technology to suit any security or gaming requirements you may have.
Mercury 360
The Mercury 360 is the industry's leading intelligent roulette wheel and Cammegh's flagship product. By elegantly fusing the unrivalled mechanical precision of the Connoisseur with the feature-packed Mercury 360 Game Engine, the Mercury 360 represents a quantum leap in manual roulette.
The Game Engine is a security-focused platform that constantly monitors rotor status, wheel level and ball characteristics throughout game play. Meanwhile a sophisticated array of four invisible In-Rim sensors provide secure winning number recognition and output live data for table displays, analysis tools, Electronic Gaming Terminals and online. Commbining this with Cammegh's Wheel Manager Application for Mercury 360, the game event log can be exported via the Ethernet port of the supplied B.O.B communications hub to a PC or network for data analysis and diagnostics.
As throughout the range, the Mercury 360 is customisable with a range of finishes and veneers. It is available with traditional or scalloped pockets, and in either single, double or even triple-zero number ring configurations.
Mercury 360 Mini
A perfect 3/4 scale recreation of the Mercury 360, with all of the functionality.
Mercury 360 Mini
The Mercury 360 Mini is a perfect 3/4 scale recreation of the Mercury 360, including In-Rim sensors. The reduced size of the Mini's racetrack creates a tighter curvature that increases friction on the ball, causing it to drop faster and introducing a significant productivity advantage to the operator.
Ideally suited for stadium installations, the Mercury 360 Mini will deliver up to 120 games per hour, as compared to a full-size wheel's 70. The step-up in productivity comes with no impact on player comfort or betting time.
Mercury 360 RRS
Beat the cheats by giving the edge back to the house.
Mercury 360 RRS
Roulette has not changed in 200 years, but advances in modern technology have presented the traditional game with a new challenge.
The rise of smartphone apps designed to 'clock' the ball and rotor speeds has made it easier to identify a roulette wheel's winning and losing sectors, thus granting them a significant advantage over the house. To address this risk, the unique and patented Mercury 360 RRS includes a Random Rotor Speed feature that randomly and imperceptibly changes the rate of deceleration of the rotor from game to game by means of an innovative contactless system. This dramatically increases the wheel's unpredictability and provides a new layer of security against wheel clocking, whilst also boosting productivity in the online environment by allowing bets to be placed after the ball is spun.
This wheel looks identical to the standard Mercury 360 wheel. The RRS mechanism is totally invisible and inaudible. Since no part of the RRS mechanism comes into contact with the rotor, there is no wear and tear.
The graph here shows rotor deceleration during two test games on the same wheel, with RRS active. The rotor speeds are identical until 'Place Your Bets', at which point RRS begins to exert its contactless influence and imperceptibly slow down the rotors. The magnitude of the effect is randomised so no two games are the same. In the example, when the results are called the rotors have deviated by 19 and 25 pockets.
Mercury 360 Halo
Enhance and improve the player's experience with a fully customisable LED band beneath the top rim.
Mercury 360 Halo
The Mercury 360 Halo features a colourful LED band above the racetrack that dramatically illuminates the wheel. An innovative use of the In-Rim sensors tracks the ball and allows it to be 'chased' by the Halo as it spins around the racetrack, creating an exciting comet-like effect within the rim. Single colours and smooth colour cycles can alternatively be used to accentuate game events, to denote table denominations or simply to further decorate the gaming floor.
The Halo band is available to all full-size wheels in the Mercury 360 family.
Mercury 360 Aurora
Bring a colourful and random dimension to the game with a backlit cone.
Mercury 360 Aurora
The Mercury 360 Aurora adds a sophisticated array of LEDs beneath the cone to provide a whole spectrum of rich colour that can be used to highlight game events, denote table denominations, or simply enhance the ambience of the casino.
The Mercury 360 Game Engine at its core provides a number of configuration options. In its simplest mode, the Aurora is constantly lit with a single colour. For more interactive applications, solid colours and multi-colour cycles can appear at various game events, such as 'no more bets' and 'winning number'. As an added option, the Halo band can also be incorporated.
Crystal
Inspire confidence with a fully see-through wheel.
Crystal
The Cammegh Crystal is a truly unique interpretation of the manual roulette wheel. Simple, yet strikingly beautiful, the Crystal wheel makes use of its elegant, open design to inspire wonder in players and ensure the highest level of confidence.
With its bowl and rotor honed to perfection from sinlge pieces of acrylic, the finished wheel is both pristine and hard-wearing. A maintenance-free-for-life bearing adds the final touch to ensure the Cammegh Crystal upholds the same level of quality and reliability seen throughout the Cammegh range.
Slingshot 2
Elegant, accurate, reliable. The most authentic automatic stand alone roulette wheel available anywhere in the world.
Slingshot 2
The GLI-approved Slingshot 2 automatic roulette wheel launches the ball using a patented system of discreet air-jets, keeping it in view at all times to reassure players and uphold the integrity of the wheel. The elegant design combines bi-directional launch with random rotor and ball speeds, whilst also benefitting from Cammegh's unique RRS system (see the Mercury 360 RRS above), which imperceptibly and randomly changes the rotor speed to add an unprecidented layer of security.
The Slingshot 2 is mounted on top of a floor-standing frame, which houses the air compressor and is designed to fit inside an outer drum or 3rd party betting terminal carousel.
Slingshot 2 TT
A Table Top version of the Slingshot 2, supplied either attached to a podium or with feet to allow free standing.
Slingshot 2 TT
For flexibility, the Slingshot 2 is available in two variants. The standard model is mounted on top of a floor-standing frame, which houses the air compressor and is designed to fit inside an outer drum or 3rd party betting terminal carousel.
For installation on a standard roulette table or within a quieter environment, Cammegh provide the Slingshot 2 TT (Table Top). This wheel shares the principle design of its floor-standing sibling and allows the air compressor to be housed up to 30 metres away. This wheel also offers the option of a push-button launch, removing the possibility of dealer collusion.
Bespoke Wheels
Make something special, tailored to your tastes.
Bespoke Wheels
Galaxy Macau Dragon Wheel
Bespoke Wheels are a speciality of Cammegh. As casinos create ever more exciting and individual environments for their players to enjoy, we are increasingly asked to capture and enhance the atmosphere in the design of our wheels. To achieve this all our design resources are concentrated into first understanding exactly what our customer wishes to create, then by a process of careful design selection we obtain final approval from the customer. Together with the stunning animation provided by our Billboard LCD display, a themed wheel can add to the dramatic splendour of any casino.
Mt. Fuji with Cherry Blossoms
Egyptian Classic Wheel
Bespoke Aspers Turret
Bespoke Genting Turret
Bespoke Palm Beach Turret
Bespoke Sky Bet Turret
At the Races
On the Hunt
Jewel of the Seas
Ebony with Brass
Bespoke Boule Wheel
Bespoke UK Wheel
Wheel Finishes
View a selection of the finishes we offer.
Wheel Finishes
A variety of natural wood veneers are available, each one receiving seven coats of lacquer to create a glassy finish that beautifully accentuates the grain of the wood. For a more customised look, lacquer can be applied in a range of colours. If you do not see your desired finish here, please get in contact to see what we can do for you.
Oak Veneer
Maple Veneer
Cherry Veneer
Sapele Veneer
Mahogany Veneer
Red Stained Mahogany Veneer
Santos Rosewood Veneer
Indian Rosewood Veneer
Ebony Veneer
Alpi Black Veneer
Piano Black


Baked "Ocean-to-Oven" Fresh!
The first of Pat's "Salmon Cookies" bakeries opened on October 8th, 2015 at the now-famous 1st & Pike location. After one too many complaints from his children about wanting dessert before dinner, founder Pat Jobezogates turned his passion for salmon and his family's love for cookies into the ultimate combination for lovers of seafood and sweets. Now, with bakeries throughout the Seattle area, and new locations emerging soon,
"Salmon Cookies" is the future of Pacific Northwest confections!
Come visit us at any one of our following locations!
1st and Pike
Alki
Capitol Hill
SeaTac Airport
Seattle Center
Monday - Saturday: 6am - 8pm
(206) 135-7911
upstreamflavor@salmoncookies.com


ZAFFRI
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Pretty basic concept. JourneyQuest is a chose your own adventure style game. you play as an adventurer who is Journeying along a aQuest of some sort. there some fighting, theres some talking, theres some humor, there are even some sweet WWE moves and some elements of HOCKEY. Will you be able to complete the JourneyQuest and become the most mostest in all of the land? Will you parish and the hands of your foe? whow many licks DOES it take to get to the center of a lollipop. continue the quest and we shall find out. P.S. theres some pretty sweet hidden things but are you badass enough to find them?


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You have already completed this step.
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You can view the package of all documents you have submitted in this filing.
In order to complete your divorce you’ll need to file the final set of documents. To do this you’ll require a {% include "partials/tooltips/court_file_number.html" %} which will be provided from the Court Registry once they have reviewed and approved your initial filing. This review can take up to a week to complete. You'll receive an e-mail with details of your initial filing.
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{% elif how_to_file == 'Online' %}Your filing (submitting completed documents to the court registry) occurs in two parts. The initial filing initiates the divorce proceeding. Once initial filing is complete you will receive a Court File Number. This number is important as it will allow you or your spouse to file the remaining documents required to complete your divorce.
Missing a form required on this page? Check the Review Forms step.
Need help with Scanning your documents?
The {% include "partials/tooltips/forms/joint_family_claim_1.html" with text="Notice of Joint Family Claim Form (F1)" %} will be generated and attached for you.
The {% include "partials/tooltips/forms/joint_family_claim_1.html" with text="Notice of Joint Family Claim Form (F1)" %} will be generated and attached for you.
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The following forms will be submitted for you but require {% include "partials/tooltips/swear_affirm.html" with text="swearing / affirming" %} before filing (see next step for details)
Additional forms that are not part of this Initial Filing step will be attached in the later Final Filing step.
When you click Submit Documents, you will be taken to the Court Services Online e-filing hub. In the next few steps you will be able to do a final review of the documents you are submitting for filing, pay for your filing and (if completed successfully) receive a Package Number.
Once your filings have been reviewed by the {% include "partials/tooltips/court_registry.html" %}, you will be provided a {% include "partials/tooltips/court_file_number.html" %} via e-mail. This may take up to one week.
You will need your Court File Number if you are filing any additional documentation.
{% if not court_registry_for_filing %}You don't need to complete this step. Go to Swear Forms for further instruction.
{% else %}You must select how you want to file in the Signing & Filing Options step.
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Note: There is an additional $7.00 fee for submitting each package online.
You will be notified via email whether your initial filing was accepted or not. If corrections should be required, you will need to make the corrections identified and resubmit your initial filing.
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We went on a bushwalk through Wilson's Glen, Tealby Spa and on through to Gypsy Pool. Along came our intrepid photographer Alex E Clark who took some photos of all six Brandts together without the aid of the GIMP. The walk was most memorable for the leeches.


We embed images to HTML pages usingto make them look nice. Additionally they can convey they can convey alot more than text - remember the saying that "An image is worth a thousand words?"


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Sorry about this. Either i've moved or deleted that page, or there's a typo in the link you followed. Hopefully you can find what you wanted in the blog archives. Alternatively, try searching:
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It is an application that permit to get assist the management and the implementation of creative workshop. This platform aims to experiment functionalities that respond to needs of the differents roles that can be involved in the creative workshop: facilitator, project owner, organizer of the workshop, eventual experts and of course ideators who will provide there ideas.
Source on GitHub


Braith Anasta backs Latrell Mitchell to join Tigers — just not at fullback and not for $1m a season
by Staff writersFormer NRL great Braith Anasta has backed Latrell Mitchell to join the Wests Tigers but warned the 22-year-old is not ready to play fullback.
The Tigers appear to be the frontrunners to land Mitchell, with coach Michael Maguire and CEO Justin Pascoe recently visiting him in Taree.
The North Queensland Cowboys are also in the race having met with Mitchelll in Townsville on Monday.
Stream over 50 sports live & anytime on your TV or favourite device with KAYO SPORTS. The biggest Aussie sports and the best from overseas. Just $25/month. No lock-in contract. Get your 14 day free trial >
Anasta, however, said he believed the Roosters star would stay in Sydney.
“I’ve got a little bit of inside mail, I think that’s where he’s going to end up,” he told Fox Sports News.
“It’s a great buy, it’s a loss for the Roosters but it’s a great buy for any club that he does go to.
MORE NRL NEWS
FARCE: Tedesco snub shows Golden Boot has lost its integrity. He may never win one
LEAGUE MAN: SBW rates NRL titles above two World Cup wins with All Blacks
GOLDEN YEAR: RTS edges out Roosters duo to be crowned 2019 Golden Boot winner
NOT WAYNE’S WORLD: Bennett facing axe after ‘bitterly disappointing’ Lions tour
“I think the Wests Tigers have been crying out for a player of the calibre of Latrell Mitchell for so many years now. This guy is a game-changer.
“Yes, they need to get the best out of him, and yes they don’t want to pay overs for him as well because he is asking for big dollars, but he can really transform that side into making some semi-finals, [and] take some pressure off Benji Marshall and Luke Brooks in the halves.”
Anasta, who played , however warned against rushing Mitchell into the No.1 jersey.
“If you’re asking me what position he is best at it’s in the centres. Fullback is so demanding these days. You’ve got to look at the likes of James Tedesco and how many metres they cover,” Anasta said.
“You’ve got to be the fittest player on the field, you’ve got to be on the ball, on the move, 24/7 while you’re in that position. I don’t think Latrell is ready for that.
“I think he’s just got to ice that centre position and play the full 80 minutes at the highest level, that’s what he’s got to do.”
Anasta, who played 31 matches for the Tigers, said Mitchell’s tendency to drift in and out of games meant clubs should hold off paying him overs.
“I don’t think he is [worth $1 million a season] at the moment,” Anasta said.
“I wouldn’t begrudge anyone for paying that because he will get there sooner rather than later.
“We saw the last pass for the grand final victory for the Roosters. If it wasn’t for him they probably don’t win. He’s got those big games in him but he doesn’t play for the 80 minutes every week.
“For me a million-dollar player needs to be the highest of quality, consistently playing high quality for 80 minutes every week. He’s not quite there, [but] he will get there.”


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Halesowen leave it late to force a 2-2 draw against Redditch in the FA Cup 3rd Qualifying Round. On a very wet day, we were twice behind before Matt Gardiner forced the ball home in the last five minutes.


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Building Streaming pipelines for Neural Machine Translation
Suneel Marthi
Kellen Sunderland
April 19, 2018
DataWorks Summit, Berlin, Germany
$WhoAreWe
Kellen Sunderland
@KellenDB
- Member of Apache Software Foundation
- Contributor to Apache MXNet (incubating), and committer on Apache Joshua (incubating)
Suneel Marthi
@suneelmarthi
- Member of Apache Software Foundation
- Committer and PMC on Apache Mahout, Apache OpenNLP, Apache Streams
Agenda
- What is Machine Translation ?
- Why move to NMT from SMT ?
- NMT Samples
- NMT Challenges
- Streaming Pipelines for NMT
- Demo
OSS Tools
- Apache Flink - A distributed stream processing engine written in Java and Scala.
- Apache OpenNLP - A machine learning toolkit for Natural Language Processing, written in Java.
- Apache Thrift - A framework for cross-language services development.
OSS Tools (contd)
- Apache Joshua (incubating) - A statistical machine translation decoder for phrase-based, hierarchical, and syntax-based machine translation, written in Java.
- Apache MXNet (incubating) - A flexible and efficient library for deep learning.
- Sockeye - A sequence-to-sequence framework for Neural Machine Translation based on Apache MXNet Incubating.
What is Machine Translation ?
Statistical Machine Translation
Generate Translations from Statistical Models trained on Bilingual Corpora.
Translation happens per a probability distribution p(e|f)
E = string in the target language (English)
F = string in the source language (Spanish)
e~ = argmax p(e|f) = argmax p(f|e) * p(e)
e~ = best translation, the one with highest probability
- How to translate a word → lookup in dictionary
- Gebäude — building, house, tower.
- Multiple translations
- some more frequent than others
for instance: house and building most common
Look at a parallel corpus
(German text along with English translation)
| Translation of Gebäude | Count | Probability |
| house | 5.28 billion | 0.51 |
| building | 4.16 billion | 0.402 |
| tower | 9.28 million | 0.09 |
Alignment
- In a parallel text (or when we translate), we align words in one language with the word in the other
| Das | Gebäude | ist | hoch |
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| the | building | is | high |
- Word positions are numbered 1—4
Alignment Function
- Define the Alignment with an Alignment Function
- Mapping an English target word at position
i
to a
German source word at position j
with a function a : i → j
- Example
a : {1 → 1, 2 → 2, 3 → 3, 4 → 4}
One-to-Many Translation
A source word could translate into multiple target words
| Das | ist | ein | Hochhaus |
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↙ | ↓ | ↘ |
| This | is | a | high | rise | building |
Phrase-Based Model
| Berlin | ist | ein | herausragendes | Kunst- und Kulturzentrum | . |
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Berlin | is | an | outstanding | Art and cultural center | . |
- Foreign input is segmented in phrases
- Each phrase is translated into English
- Phrases are reordered
Alignment Function
- Word-Based Models translate words as atomic units
- Phrase-Based Models translate phrases as atomic units
- Advantages:
- many-to-many translation can handle non-compositional phrases
- use of local context in translation
- the more data, the longer phrases can be learned
- “Standard Model”, used by Google Translate until 2016 (switched to Neural MT)
- We have a mathematical model for translation
p(e|f)
- Task of decoding: find the translation
ebest
with highest probability
ebest = argmax p(e|f)
- Two types of error
- the most probable translation is bad → fix the model
- search does not find the most probable translation → fix the search
Neural Machine Translation
Generate Translations from Neural Network models trained on Bilingual Corpora.
Translation happens per a probability distribution one word at time (no phrases).
NMT is deep learning applied to machine translation.
"Attention Is All You Need" - Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, Illia Polosukhin
Google Brain https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762
Why move from SMT to NMT?
- Research results were too good to ignore.
- The fluency of translations was a huge step forward compared to statistical systems.
- We knew that there would be exciting future work to be done in this area.
Why move from SMT to NMT?
The University of Edinburgh’s Neural MT Systems for WMT17 – Rico Sennrich, Alexandra Birch, Anna Currey, Ulrich Germann, Barry Haddow, Kenneth Heafield, Antonio Valerio Miceli Barone and Philip Williams.
SMT versus NMT at Scale
| Apache Joshua |
Sockeye |
| Reasonable Quality Translation |
High Quality Translations |
| Java / C++ |
Python 3 / C++ |
| Model size 60GB-120GB |
Model size 256 MB |
| Complicated Training Process |
Simple Training Process |
| Relatively complex implementation |
400 lines of code |
| Low translation costs |
High translation costs |
SMT versus NMT at Scale
| Apache Joshua |
Sockeye |
| Reasonable Quality Translation |
High Quality Translations |
| Java / C++ |
Python 3 / C++ |
| Model size 60GB-120GB |
Model size 256 MB |
| Complicated Training Process |
Simple Training Process |
| Relatively complex implementation |
400 lines of code |
| Low translation costs |
High translation costs |
Jetzt LIVE: Abgeordnete debattieren über Zuspitzung des Syrien-Konflikts.
last but not least, Members are debating the escalation of the Syrian conflict.
Sie haben wenig Zeit, wollen aber Fett verbrennen und Muskeln aufbauen?

NMT Challenges – Twitter Content
NMT Challenges – Input
- The input into all neural network models is always a vector.
- Training data is always parallel text.
- How do you represent a word from the text as a vector?
Embedding Layer
NMT Challenges – Rare Words
Ok we can now represent 30,000 words as vectors, what about the rest?
NMT Challenges – Byte Pair Encoding
Rico Sennrich, Barry Haddow and Alexandra Birch (2016): Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2016). Berlin, Germany.
Byte Pair Encoding
"positional addition contextual"
Byte Pair Encoding
"posiXonal addiXon contextual"
ti = X
Byte Pair Encoding
"posiXonY addiXon contextuY"
ti = X
al = Y
Byte Pair Encoding
"posiZnY addiZn contextuY"
ti = X
al = Y
Xo = Z
Byte Pair Encoding
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NMT Challenges – Jagged Tensors
Input is not sorted by length.
Jagged Tensors cont.
Jagged Tensors cont.
Jagged Tensors cont.
NMT Challenges – Cost
- Step 1: Create great profiling tools, measurement.
- Step 2: Get specialists to optimize bottlenecks.
- Step 3: ???
- Step 4: Profit.
New layer norm, top-k, batch-mul, transpose, smoothing op. 3.5x speedup so far. Working in branches:
https://github.com/MXNetEdge/sockeye/tree/dev_speed
https://github.com/MXNetEdge/incubator-mxnet/tree/dev_speed
Apache MXNet Profiling Tools
| CPU Profiler (vtune) |
GPU Profiler (nvprof) |
TVM
TVM is a Tensor intermediate representation(IR) stack for deep learning systems. It is designed to close the gap between the productivity-focused deep learning frameworks, and the performance- and efficiency-focused hardware backends. TVM works with deep learning frameworks to provide end to end compilation to different backends.
https://github.com/dmlc/tvm
Alibaba TVM Optimization
http://tvmlang.org/2018/03/23/nmt-transformer-optimize.html
Alibaba TVM Optimization
Facebook - Tensor Comprehensions
https://research.fb.com/announcing-tensor-comprehensions/
Streaming Pipelines for NMT
NMT Inference Preprocessing
Language Detection (Flink + OpenNLP)
Sentence Detection (Flink + OpenNLP)
Tokenization (Flink + OpenNLP)
SockeyeTranslate (Flink + Thrift)
Complete Pipeline (Flink)
NMT Inference Pipeline
Apache OpenNLP Team
Apache Flink Team
Credits cont.
- Asmus Hetzel (Amazon), Marek Kolodziej (NVIDIA), Dick Carter (NVIDIA), Tianqi Chen (U of W), MKL-DNN Team (Intel)
- Sockeye: Felix Hieber (Amazon), Tobias Domhan (Amazon), David Vilar (Amazon), Matt Post (Amazon)
- Apache Joshua: Matt Post (Johns Hopkins), Tommaso Teofili (Adobe), NASA JPL
- University of Edinburgh, Google, Facebook, NYU, Stanford
Links
- Attention is All You Need, Annotated: http://nlp.seas.harvard.edu/2018/04/03/attention.html
- Sockeye training tutorial: https://github.com/awslabs/sockeye/tree/master/tutorials/wmt
- Intro Deep Learning Tutorial: http://gluon.mxnet.io
- Slides: https://smarthi.github.io/DSW-Berlin18-Streaming-NMT/
- Code: https://github.com/smarthi/streamingnmt
Sockeye Model Types
- RNN Models
- Convolutional Models
- Transformer Models