Godoc extracts and generates documentation for Go programs.
It runs as a web server and presents the documentation as a web page.
godoc -http=:6060
Usage:
godoc [flag]
The flags are:
-v verbose mode -timestamps=true show timestamps with directory listings -index enable identifier and full text search index (no search box is shown if -index is not set) -index_files="" glob pattern specifying index files; if not empty, the index is read from these files in sorted order -index_throttle=0.75 index throttle value; a value of 0 means no time is allocated to the indexer (the indexer will never finish), a value of 1.0 means that index creation is running at full throttle (other goroutines may get no time while the index is built) -index_interval=0 interval of indexing; a value of 0 sets it to 5 minutes, a negative value indexes only once at startup -play=false enable playground -links=true link identifiers to their declarations -write_index=false write index to a file; the file name must be specified with -index_files -maxresults=10000 maximum number of full text search results shown (no full text index is built if maxresults <= 0) -notes="BUG" regular expression matching note markers to show (e.g., "BUG|TODO", ".*") -goroot=$GOROOT Go root directory -http=addr HTTP service address (e.g., '<IP_ADDRESS>:6060' or just ':6060') -analysis=type,pointer comma-separated list of analyses to perform "type": display identifier resolution, type info, method sets, 'implements', and static callees "pointer": display channel peers, callers and dynamic callees (significantly slower) See https://golang.org/lib/godoc/analysis/help.html for details. -templates="" directory containing alternate template files; if set, the directory may provide alternative template files for the files in $GOROOT/lib/godoc -url=path print to standard output the data that would be served by an HTTP request for path -zip="" zip file providing the file system to serve; disabled if empty
By default, godoc looks at the packages it finds via $GOROOT and $GOPATH (if set). This behavior can be altered by providing an alternative $GOROOT with the -goroot flag.
When the -index flag is set, a search index is maintained. The index is created at startup.
The index contains both identifier and full text search information (searchable via regular expressions). The maximum number of full text search results shown can be set with the -maxresults flag; if set to 0, no full text results are shown, and only an identifier index but no full text search index is created.
By default, godoc uses the system's GOOS/GOARCH. You can provide the URL parameters "GOOS" and "GOARCH" to set the output on the web page for the target system.
The presentation mode of web pages served by godoc can be controlled with the "m" URL parameter; it accepts a comma-separated list of flag names as value:
all show documentation for all declarations, not just the exported ones methods show all embedded methods, not just those of unexported anonymous fields src show the original source code rather than the extracted documentation flat present flat (not indented) directory listings using full paths
For instance, https://golang.org/pkg/math/big/?m=all shows the documentation for all (not just the exported) declarations of package big.
By default, godoc serves files from the file system of the underlying OS. Instead, a .zip file may be provided via the -zip flag, which contains the file system to serve. The file paths stored in the .zip file must use slash ('/') as path separator; and they must be unrooted. $GOROOT (or -goroot) must be set to the .zip file directory path containing the Go root directory. For instance, for a .zip file created by the command:
zip -r go.zip $HOME/go
one may run godoc as follows:
godoc -http=:6060 -zip=go.zip -goroot=$HOME/go
Godoc documentation is converted to HTML or to text using the go/doc package; see https://golang.org/pkg/go/doc/#ToHTML for the exact rules. Godoc also shows example code that is runnable by the testing package; see https://golang.org/pkg/testing/#hdr-Examples for the conventions. See "Godoc: documenting Go code" for how to write good comments for godoc: https://golang.org/doc/articles/godoc_documenting_go_code.html


Getting started with digital land frontend
Use this getting started guide to find out how to:
- install Digital Land Frontend
- set up a test page to check your installation is working
You can see live examples of Digital Land Frontend components, GOVUK components we've ported to jinja, and guidance on when to use them, in this design system.
Contact us if you have any questions or feedback.
Install
Install digital land frontend with pip.
pip install -e git+https://github.com/digital-land/frontend.git#egg=digital_land_frontend
pip install -e git+https://github.com/digital-land/govuk-jinja-components.git#egg=govuk_jinja_components
Register templates with Jinja
Installing govuk-jinja-components
and digital land's frontend
makes a number of templates available. You will need to register this with Jinja to be able to use them.
Where you initialise jinja include the following:
import jinja2
# where you set up jinja add this
multi_loader = jinja2.ChoiceLoader([
jinja2.FileSystemLoader(searchpath="<<path to your templates>>"),
jinja2.PrefixLoader({
'govuk-jinja-components': jinja2.PackageLoader('govuk_jinja_components'),
'digital-land-frontend': jinja2.PackageLoader('digital_land_frontend')
})
])
jinja2.Environment(loader=multi_loader)
Create a page
Create a page in your application.
To extend the digital land base template start with the line
{% extends "digital-land-frontend/dlf-base.html" %}
To use govuk-jinja-components
import the ones you need. E.g. import the govukButton
component with
{% from 'govuk-jinja-components/components/button/macro.jinja' import govukButton %}
You can paste the HTML or jinja from the govukButton documentation page into you page, paste it between the content block
{% block content %}
<!-- paste here -->
{% endblock %}
Take the same approach to use the digital-land-frontend
components. E.g.
{% from 'digital-land-frontend/components/feedback-panel/macro.html' import dlFeedbackPanel %}
{% block content %}
<!-- paste dlFeedbackPanel here -->
{% endblock %}
Paste dlFeedbackPanel example from the documentation page.
Using the CSS and JS assets
The CSS is already included if extending the dlf-base.html
template.
The JS is also included if extending the dlf-base.html
template. To initialise one of the JS modules use:
{% block bodyEnd %}
{{ super() }}
<script>
const $inputCopyElements = document.querySelectorAll('[data-module*="input-copy"]')
$inputCopyElements.forEach(function ($input) {
new window.DLFrontend.InputCopy($input).init()
})
</script>
{% endblock %}
Help improve this page
If you’ve got a question, idea or suggestion share it with the digital land team on github or email us on digitalland@communities.gov.uk


Antonio Conte Admits He Offers Players Advice On Their Sex Lives
by Gary ConnaughtonAntonio Conte has made an immediate impact since his arrival at Inter Milan. While they have had a couple of questionable results in the Champions League, their form in Serie A has been exemplary. They have taken 31 points from their first 12 games, with a draw against Parma and a loss to Inter the only blots on their copybook.
Conte is known for making fast starts at new club, as evidenced by his time in England. The Italian led Chelsea to the Premier League in his maiden season, revolutionising the team by introducing a three defender system.
He is hands on in his managerial approach, something that has created friction in his previous roles, especially with club boards. He has already made a few sniping comments about Inter's lack of transfer activity during the summer, but these are definitely his strangest comments yet.
He was being interviewed by L'Equipe when he spoke about his players conserving their energy, admitting he even told them how to do so in their sex lives. He said he does not impose any sort of ban on the activity, but urges them to keep it short and sweet:
During the season, I advise my players to have sex for short periods and with the minimum of effort, and better use positions where they are under their partners.
And preferably, with their wives, because if with others, well, that needs extra action.
Good man Antonio.


This data is being served by the Java-DODS Test Server. This server was created to allow any possible DODS data structure to be tested for viablity in both the client and server software components of DODS.
This server will take any DODS DDS and attempt serve it to clients with all implemented modes of functionality. It will populate it with data (created from thin air!) and hand it back to a requesting client. It can also be intergogated using the other DODS server interfaces such as the ASCII interface (.asc) the DDS (.dds) interface, the DAS interface (.das), and the HTML interface (.html, also know as the interface from hell...)
The key word in the preceding paragraph is attempt. Since the DODS dataset specification allows for a virtually unlimited range of dataset structures, it certainly possible to create datasets that break existing code, either on the client or the server side. We have, to the best of our abilities, made the DODS core software capable of handling all possible syntactically correct DODS datasets as described by a DDS. However, it is possible to construct dataset definitions (DDS's) so weird and twisted that the DODS core software cannot handle them well. Ultimately that's why this server exists:
Hopefully, you will find it useful too.


Define and Rule - Race, Gender, and Colonial Knowledge
This is an independent study class for Ph.D. students. The course seeks to introduce students to debates and topics within contemporary foucauldian approaches to colonial studies. It is a truism to state that “knowledge is power” but what does this mean? How has colonial knowledge shaped race, gender, illness, language, sexuality, etc? What are the methodologies used in the study of knowledge/power? What are the criticisms and limitations of such discourse centered approaches?
Table of Contents
Required Readings
- Dirks, Nicholas B. The Scandal of Empire. Harvard University Press, 2009.
- (a) Nandy, Ashis. The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism. Oxford University Press, 2010. & (b) Césaire, Aimé. Discourse on Colonialism. Monthly Review Press, 2000.
- Williams, Patrick, and Laura Chrisman, eds. Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader. Columbia University Press, 1994. [Parts 1 and 2]
- Stoler, Ann Laura. Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault’s History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things. Duke University Press Books, 2012.
- Vaughan, Megan. Curing Their Ills: Colonial Power and African Illness. Stanford University Press, 1991.
- Mitchell, Timothy. Colonising Egypt. University of California Press, 1991.
- Errington, Joseph. Linguistics in a Colonial World: A Story of Language, Meaning, and Power. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
- Thomas, Nicholas. Colonialism’s Culture. Princeton University Press, 1994.
- Mamdani, Mahmood. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Princeton University Press, 1996.
- Wolfe, Patrick. Traces of History: Elementary Structures of Race. Verso, 2016.
Teaching Method and Requirements
Course requirements
All students will be required to write several “reading response papers.” The exact number will depend on the size of the class. (There will be a response paper presented every week except the first and last weeks of the semester, or if there is a guest lecturer.) The student who writes the reading response paper for a particular week will be the one who leads the discussion that week. Reading response papers must be submitted to the class at least 7 days before the next class so that everyone has time to read them.
About the required readings
If you do not feel you can meet the expectation of reading all the required books, please do not take this class. This course is a graduate seminar at the Ph.D. level and so class time will be spent discussing books, not summarizing them.
Reading Response Papers (60%)
A reading response paper is a research paper. It is not a paper summarizing the book, but is a critical engagement with the literature in that book. It should (a) contextualize the book to aid understanding by presenting the intellectual motivation for the book, (b) critically engage with the book by providing an internal critique of the book’s argument and methodology, and (c) attempt to apply the book’s argument to case-studies not discussed in the book.
So, for instance, a reading response paper on Imagined Communities would (a) discuss the importance of the book in the development of nationalism studies, (b) ask whether Anderson’s notion of an imagined community adequately explains the phenomenon he discusses in the book, and (c) apply the argument to a discussion of another case-study, like Taiwan. These papers should be between 6 and 9 pages long (not counting the bibliography, and using a standard 12 pt. font, double spaced).
Discussion (40%)
Because this is a seminar, all students will be expected to contribute to the discussion each week. This will be an important part of your grade. If you don’t feel comfortable discussing in class, you can also post your thoughts online.


A place for help on designing, building anb deploying apps to the Corda DLT platform. The repository is split into a series of small, self contained projects
View the Project on GitHub
The following apps are here


Constructor Injection
The most basic, fundamental feature of any IOC container is the ability to create instances of services through a constructor, automatically injecting arguments into that constructor from the services which have been registered in the container.
Tip
Constructor injection is achieved in Rezolver through the targets ConstructorTarget and GenericConstructorTarget (for open generic types). The examples here show how to create and register these directly and via some of the extension methods in RegisterTypeTargetContainerExtensions, SingletonTargetContainerExtensions and ScopedTargetContainerExtensions.
You can see the tests from which these examples are taken, and run them yourself, if you grab the Rezolver source from Github, open the main solution and run the tests in the 'Rezolver.Tests.Examples' project.
Some IOC containers restrict you to types with a single constructor. In some cases this is because of the design of the container itself - i.e. in order to achieve good performance - and in others it's to encourage good program design.
Rezolver's constructor injection, implemented by the types ConstructorTarget and GenericConstructorTarget, supports binding to types which have multiple constructors.
The ConstructorTarget
actually has two modes:
- Find the best matching constructor
- Explicitly-supplied constructor (where you supply a
ConstructorInfo
on creation)
Example - Injected class
So, given these types:
public class MyService : IMyService
{
}
and
public class RequiresMyService : IRequiresIMyService
{
public MyService Service { get; }
public RequiresMyService(MyService service)
{
Service = service;
}
public RequiresMyService(IMyService service)
{
if (service.GetType() != typeof(MyService))
{
throw new ArgumentException($"{ service.GetType() } not supported",
nameof(service));
}
Service = (MyService)service;
}
IMyService IRequiresIMyService.Service { get { return Service; } }
}
Note
The rather silly explicit implementation and argument checking in the second constructor is purely for illustrative purposes!
In order to build RequiresMyService
we need an instance of MyService
or IMyService
, so let's try injecting a
MyService
, and resolve:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterType<MyService>();
container.RegisterType<RequiresMyService>();
var result = container.Resolve<RequiresMyService>();
Assert.NotNull(result.Service);
Example - Injected interface
Now, obviously a key facet of dependency injection is that we can depend upon an abstraction of a service instead of a concrete
implementation - so most of the time your constructors will request an interface instead of a concrete type. To do this,
we simply register MyService
against the type IMyService
:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterType<MyService, IMyService>();
container.RegisterType<RequiresMyService>();
var result = container.Resolve<RequiresMyService>();
Assert.NotNull(result.Service);
'So what?' you say, 'it's doing exactly what I want it to!' Yes, but there's more going on here than you'd think: the ConstructorTarget is selecting the best-matched constructor based on the service registrations present in the container when it's asked to Resolve the object.
Best-match examples
Let's take a bit of deep dive into how Rezolver determines a 'best-match' for the constructor to be called by the container.
Example - Best-match (proof)
First, to prove that it's the IMyService
constructor we bound in the previous example, and not the other one - let's try registering
a different implementation of IMyService
- one which the class will not support because it'll fail that silly argument type-check
in the second constructor of RequiresMyService
:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterType<MyAlternateService, IMyService>();
container.RegisterType<RequiresMyService>();
// Proves that the ConstructorTarget is selecting the constructor
// based on the available services.
Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>("service",
() => container.Resolve<RequiresMyService>());
Example - Best-match (fewest params)
The best-match algorithm is similar to how a compiler matches a method overload when writing code by hand. The rules aren't necessarily exactly the same as, say, the C# spec, but they're close.
At the time the first Resolve call is made, the algorithm will first attempt to select the greediest constructor whose parameters are completely satisfied by services available to the container. Thus, if a class has two constructors - one with 1 parameter and one with 3 parameters - if the single parameter version can be successfully injected, but only 2 of the other constructor's parameters can be, then the single-parameter constructor wins.
So, given this type:
public class RequiresMyServices
{
#region Sentinel Instances
public static readonly MyService2 Default2 = new MyService2();
public static readonly MyService3 Default3 = new MyService3();
#endregion
#region Instance Properties
public MyService1 Service1 { get; private set; }
public MyService2 Service2 { get; private set; }
public MyService3 Service3 { get; private set; }
#endregion
public RequiresMyServices(MyService1 service1)
: this(service1,
Default2,
Default3)
{
}
public RequiresMyServices(MyService1 service1,
MyService2 service2,
MyService3 service3)
{
Service1 = service1;
Service2 = service2;
Service3 = service3;
}
}
If we register MyService1
& MyService2
, but not MyService3
, the single-parameter constructor will be used:
var container = new Container();
// Building ConstructorTargets directly here,
// and using the batch-registration 'RegisterAll' method,
// which registers against the target's DeclaredType
container.RegisterAll(
Target.ForType<RequiresMyServices>(),
Target.ForType<MyService1>(),
Target.ForType<MyService2>());
var result = container.Resolve<RequiresMyServices>();
// Because we didn't have MyService3 registered, the
// container will bind the first constructor, which defaults
// services 2 & 3:
Assert.NotNull(result.Service1);
Assert.Same(RequiresMyServices.Default2, result.Service2);
Assert.Same(RequiresMyServices.Default3, result.Service3);
Example - Best-match (with defaults)
When a constructor's parameters have default values, the rules change slightly.
The algorithm treats parameters which have defaults as always satisfied, even if a service is not registered of the correct type. So
if we extend RequiresMyServices
with a new class whose 3-parameter constructor specifies default values for parameters 2 & 3:
public class RequiresMyServicesWithDefaults : RequiresMyServices
{
public RequiresMyServicesWithDefaults(MyService1 service1)
: base(service1)
{
}
public RequiresMyServicesWithDefaults(MyService1 service1,
MyService2 service2 = null,
MyService3 service3 = null)
: base(service1,
service2 ?? Default2,
service3 ?? Default3)
{
}
}
And then we swap RequiresMyServices
for RequiresMyServicesWithDefaults
, this time, the 3-parameter
constructor will be executed, with parameters 1 & 2 receiving injected arguments, and parameter 3 receiving the default instance from
the base:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterAll(
// Note - using .As<T> here to create a ChangeTypeTarget
// which makes our .ForType<T> target appear
// to be for RequiresMyService
// Could also have done:
// container.RegisterType<RequiresMyServicesWithDefaults, RequiresMyServices>()
Target.ForType<RequiresMyServicesWithDefaults>()
.As<RequiresMyServices>(),
Target.ForType<MyService1>(),
Target.ForType<MyService2>());
var result = container.Resolve<RequiresMyServices>();
// this time all but Service3 will have been injected
Assert.NotNull(result.Service1);
Assert.NotNull(result.Service2);
Assert.NotSame(RequiresMyServices.Default2, result.Service2);
Assert.Same(RequiresMyServices.Default3, result.Service3);
Tip
The use of ChangeTypeTarget (via the As
extension method) there might be a little confusing. In truth, we're only sneaking it in here to show
some other parts of the framework :)
Think of it as being the same as an explicit cast from one type to another - you put a target inside it and tell it what type you want it to be.
In the example, we have to use this if we're determined to the use the RegisterAll method(s), because they don't allow us to override the registration type for the targets that we're registering.
Example - Best partial match
If, however, none of the constructors can be completely satisfied, then we look for the greediest constructor with the most number of successfully resolved arguments. If there's a clear winner, then we proceed with that constructor anyway even though one or more required services are missing.
Note
You might wonder why we would allow binding even though we can't actually satisfy all the parameters of the constructor, well we'll get to that in a moment.
This time, we'll have a type which needs one or two services - either MyService1
or both MyService2
and MyService3
:
// Slightly different to before properties are IMyService, but
// constructors use concrete types.
public class Requires2MyServices
{
public IMyService First { get; }
public IMyService Second { get; }
public Requires2MyServices(MyService1 first)
{
First = first;
Second = null;
}
public Requires2MyServices(MyService2 first,
MyService3 second)
{
First = first;
Second = second;
}
}
To force the selection of the second constructor for the test, we'll only register MyService2
in the container and, when we attempt to
resolve the instance, we should get an InvalidOperationException
explaining that MyService3
couldn't be resolved:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterType<MyService2>();
container.RegisterType<Requires2MyServices>();
var exception = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(
() => container.Resolve<Requires2MyServices>());
// the InvalidOperationException contains the name of the type that
// couldn't be resolved
Assert.Contains("MyService3", exception.Message);
Tip
This next bit isn't essential knowledge unless you're looking to understand how child container-like functionality is achieved in Rezolver. If that term means nothing to you, then it's suggested you skip it until you need it :)
Why we allow partial matches
As mentioned in the intro to the last example - it's probably not obvious why we would want to allow binding to a constructor in a container which can't actually fulfil that constructor's requirements!
Well, it's clearly not normal, but it's a valid use-case when you consider that Rezolver supports a concept that is typically referred to as 'child containers', except Rezolver calls them 'overriding containers'.
A more complete discussion of this functionality will be added to the documentation soon, but in the meantime, let's see two ways in which
we could 'fix' the container in the previous test so that it successfully builds an instance of Requires2MyServices
.
Example - OverridingContainer
This is the solution which most closely matches the child container functionality provided by other IOC libraries - take a container which is already 'established' and override it with another container that has its own registrations. The two will work together, sharing registrations when creating instances, so long as the overriding container's Resolve implementation is used:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterType<MyService2>();
container.RegisterType<Requires2MyServices>();
// create an overriding container
var containerOverride = new OverridingContainer(container);
containerOverride.RegisterType<MyService3>();
// resolve instance via containerOverride
var result = containerOverride.Resolve<Requires2MyServices>();
Assert.NotNull(result.First);
Assert.NotNull(result.Second);
Note
If we were to try to resolve from container
after creating containerOverride
, it would still fail, because it doesn't know anything
about the overriding container.
Hopefully this should all seem pretty logical. If so, and you're happy simply to accept it, you can skip the next bit.
How it works
If you're interested in the inner workings when using overriding containers, the process is this:
- The
overridingContainer
receives the Resolve call forRequires2MyServices
- It looks inside its Targets target container for a registration for
Requires2MyServices
and doesn't find one - So the call is passed to the overidden
container
...- ... which finds its registration and binds to the 2-parameter constructor of
Requires2MyServices
as before - The bound constructor is executed
- The
MyService2
parameter is fulfiled by thecontainer
's own registration - But, for the
MyService3
parameter,container
sees that it was not the container whose Resolve method was originally called (i.e.overridingContainer
), so it forwards the call forMyService3
tooverridingContainer
.
- The
- ... which finds its registration and binds to the 2-parameter constructor of
overridingContainer
receives the Resolve call forMyService3
- It finds its registration, and executes it to get the instance, passing it back to
container
- thus completing the constructor call forRequires2MyServices
- It finds its registration, and executes it to get the instance, passing it back to
Example - OverridingTargetContainer
This solution is similar to the previous one, except this time we're not overriding the container, but overriding the target container used by a container.
In order to do this, however, we have to change how we create our container. Until now, we've simply been creating a new Container instance and registering targets via its own implementation of ITargetContainer (which, as mentioned elsewhere, wraps its Targets property).
This time, we're going to create a TargetContainer directly, register MyService2
and Requires2MyServices
in it, then
create a OverridingTargetContainer on top of that with the other registration of MyService3
. This target container is then
passed to the new container on construction.
var targets = new TargetContainer();
targets.RegisterType<MyService2>();
targets.RegisterType<Requires2MyServices>();
var childTargets = new OverridingTargetContainer(targets);
childTargets.RegisterType<MyService3>();
// pass the childTargets ITargetContainer to
// the container on construction
var container = new Container(childTargets);
var result = container.Resolve<Requires2MyServices>();
Assert.NotNull(result.First);
Assert.NotNull(result.Second);
Why do this?
This might seem a little confusing - why would you split target containers like this?
Firstly - it's quite an advanced concept, and truly understanding the difference between this and the last example requires a lot of understanding about the internals of Rezolver. Therefore it's more suited to developers who are extending the framework, rather than the average developer who's simply looking to use it to drive their application.
The framework itself takes advantage of this functionality throughout in order to override behaviours, or to extend a user-configured container with additional transient targets. The DecoratorTarget wouldn't work without this functionality, for example.
Also, if you delve into the compiler pipeline, you will be using this functionality all the time.
Providing full examples of how you'd leverage this functionality is outside the scope of this topic, but we'll add them to the guide as soon as we've got the rest of the guide complete.
Best-match (named args)
When using best-match, you can also supply a dictionary of named argument bindings (as a dictionary of ITargets) which can be used to provide a hint as to your preferred constructor and, more crucially, override the default behaviour of resolving every argument from container.
You don't need to provide all named arguments, the binder will use as many as it can and auto-bind the rest.
Example - Supplying a DateTime
To demonstrate this, we'll have a new type which requires an IMyService
and also accepts a DateTime
.
DateTime
s and other primitive
types (string
s etc) are typically not great for use in IOC containers, because you can only have one of them registered (or one collection)
unless you start using overriding containers or child target containers, which means you typically can only allow one type to have them as
dependencies.
public class RequiresIMyServiceAndDateTime
{
public DateTime StartDate { get; }
public IMyService Service { get; }
public RequiresIMyServiceAndDateTime(IMyService service)
: this(service, DateTime.UtcNow)
{
}
public RequiresIMyServiceAndDateTime(IMyService service, DateTime startDate)
{
Service = service;
StartDate = startDate;
}
}
Note that the single parameter constructor defaults the StartDate
to DateTime.UtcNow
, but in our test, we'll explicitly provide a
DateTime
which is DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(1)
to create a date in the future:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterType<MyService, IMyService>();
// Currently a couple of different ways to do this - use the
// ConstructorTarget's constructor directly with a dictionary,
// or use this static method which creates a dictionary from an object
// TODO: Will add object overload to the constructor in the future
container.Register(Target.ForType<RequiresIMyServiceAndDateTime>(
new
{
// each member of this object must be an ITarget
startDate = Target.ForObject(DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(1))
}
));
var result = container.Resolve<RequiresIMyServiceAndDateTime>();
// if the datetime was used, then StartDate will be in the future
Assert.True(result.StartDate > DateTime.UtcNow);
Note
Technically speaking we should really be generating a new DateTime
at the point at which the object is actually created,
that could easily be achieved by replacing Target.ForObject
with a call to Target.ForDelegate
(see 'Factory Delegates')
What happens is that the named arguments contribute to the argument binding process - thus allowing us to 'cheat' and promote a constructor to being a better match than the one that would normally be.
Warning
Obviously - named argument binding is potentially very brittle - as if the parameter name changes, then the binding will no longer work.
In the future, we will also add the ability to supply an ITargetContainer to a ConstructorTarget whose registrations
will be used in preference to the main container - thus allowing us simply to register a DateTime
in this example, removing the dependency on
the parameter name.
When you supply ITarget instances up-front to another target in this way, you can use any of the targets in the Rezolver.Targets namespace to supply a value, and they will work as if they were registered in the container.
With a ConstructorInfo
Instead of relying on the best match algorithm, you can also specify the constructor you want bound up-front, and you can supply parameter bindings too. To illustrate, we'll have a type with a default constructor and one which accepts a service:
public class AcceptsOptionalIMyService
{
public IMyService Service { get; }
public AcceptsOptionalIMyService()
{
}
public AcceptsOptionalIMyService(IMyService service)
{
if (service == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(service));
Service = service;
}
}
Example - No parameter bindings
The first test ignores the registered services and forcibly targets the default constructor:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterType<MyService, IMyService>();
// under best-match, the container would select the greedy constructor,
// but we're going to force it to use the default constructor
container.Register(new ConstructorTarget(
typeof(AcceptsOptionalIMyService).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes)
));
var result = container.Resolve<AcceptsOptionalIMyService>();
Assert.Null(result.Service);
Example - Pre-bound parameters
We can also explicitly bind the parameters of a particular constructor by providing an array of ParameterBinding objects along with
a ConstructorInfo
.
var container = new Container();
// get the constructor:
var ctor = typeof(AcceptsOptionalIMyService).GetConstructor(new[]
{
typeof(IMyService)
});
// create parameter bindings
var bindings = new[] {
new ParameterBinding(ctor.GetParameters()[0],
Target.ForType<MyService>()
)
};
container.Register(new ConstructorTarget(ctor, parameterBindings: bindings));
var result = container.Resolve<AcceptsOptionalIMyService>();
Assert.NotNull(result.Service);
As you can see - using explicitly bound parameters is a little verbose, given the need to find the constructor and then setup those
ParameterBinding objects with the correct ParameterInfo
s; but it's guaranteed to target the constructor you choose.
Next steps
- See how constructor injection works with generic types
- Learn how to enable member injection (injecting services into properties and/or fields)


Model Definition #
In this library, linear regression models take the following form:
\[\mathbf{y}_t = \mathbf{C} \mathbf{x}_{t} + \mathbf{d}\] \[\mathbf{z}_t \sim \mathcal{N}\left(\mathbf{y}_t , \mathbf{R} \right)\]where \( \mathbf{x}_{t} \) , \( \mathbf{y}_{t} \) , and \( \mathbf{z}_{t} \) the input, output, and measurement, respectively; \( \mathbf{C} \) is the output matrix; \( \mathbf{d} \) is the output bias; and \( \mathbf{R} \) is the covariance of the assumed Gaussian measurement noise.


|
FREE SHIPPING!!
For all Pint Sleeves, Coasters, Buckles, Key Hangers, and Leather Treatment when ordered WITH a belt.
SPECIAL ORERS
Don't see what you want here? Call us at<PHONE_NUMBER>.
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The following is from OBENAUF'S own literature (they tell their story better than we can).
The Obenauf LP Story, as told by Marv Obenauf
As a firefighter for 34 years I ruined quite a few expensive boots long before they had a chance to wear out. In 1989 I researched with boot companies, saddlers, and other leather specialists to determine which product on the market was best suited to protect our boots, and our investment, that were often in steam, heat, wet ashes (lye), and caustic fire retardants. I learned that most products are only temporary water repellents or softeners claiming to "condition" leather. They slough off with flexing or light scufffing through brush, leaving leather dried and unprotected. None resist chemicals or heat. Most contain chemicals, mink oil, or pine tar that cause irreparable damage to leather fibers. The common consensus was that the only way to protect our boots against such elements was to stay out of those conditions, as we were baking the leather and literally cooking our boots in lye.
We needed something durable that would hang in there when the going got rough (also a common and necessary trait among firefighters). It had to resist heat, caustic fire retardant chemicals, moisture, and restore lost oils. With help from tanneries, the University of Idaho, and leather craftsmen I experimented with different ingredients and recipes. My goal was to extend (preserve) the useful life of leather, not just shed water or soften it. I focused on long-range effect. Eventually I had what we needed. It not only worked well; but a little went a long way, as it melted completely into the leather and stayed, which made it economical too. With regular use our boots lasted noticeably longer and stayed comfortable.
As word spread and demand for Obenauf's LP (Leather Preservative) grew among ranches, loggers, bikers, boot companies, and anyone with leather, it was apparent that we had a product that was not otherwise available.
Obenauf's Heavy Duty Leather Preservative (LP) is the most durable protection available for leather on the face of the planet. Originally developed for the extraordinary conditions endured by wildland firefighters, LP protects, preserves, and restores furniture, boots, saddles, motorcycle leathers, fine apparel, tool pouches, gloves, baseball mitts, and more. It is especially useful for any leather that gets worked hard and is regularly exposed to severe elements.
Three different natural oils are suspended in Beeswax and Propolis. In the leather these oils gradually seep out of the Beeswax/Propolis. If exposed to heat or flexing the oils are released faster so leather gets oiled instead of parched and cracked. This Beeswax/Propolis* Suspension Formula provides a time-release lubrication to inner fibers while the surface is reinforced against scuffing, and the leather still breathes. The remarkable result is Obenauf's Heavy Duty LP that:
- Repels water better and longer.
- Repels acids, petroleum, salt, and chemicals.
- Restores dried leather to a soft and supple condition and protects it from further damage.
- Prevents dry rot and resists mildew.
- Resists premature cracking in flex areas.
- Works great on Gore-Tex® footwear.
- Is odorless after applied (very important for hunters).
- Restores sun-faded leather.
- Resists scuffing and dry rot.
- Applies easily with with a clean cloth.
- Penetrates deeply into leather.
- Can be buffed to shine or polished over.
- Contains no harmful silicones, petroleums, solvents, or neatsfoot.
- Is approved for Gore-Tex® footwear.
*Propolis resists bacteria and mildew, and is a barrier against manure acid, salt, caustic chemicals, and petroleum. Combined with beeswax it repels water better and longer.
|
|


{% load static %}
Contact Us
{% include "home/navbar.html"%}
Contact Us
We'd love to hear from you!
Name
Email
Phone Number
Message
Submit
{% include "home/footer.html"%}


CodeFlix
7.7 deck
2021
$ 89.00
Joshua Nyarko Boateng
Width 7.7"
Length 31.75"
Wheelbase 14"
Nose 6.875"
Tail 6.25"
Buy


This helloworld.py is typical of the scripts we will wind up with.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import urllib.error
import json
# This is where we add our functions
def hello_world(name, secret):
print(name, 'has a secret...', secret)
return 'Hello World!!!'
# This is where we add our tests
if __name__ == '__main__':
import getpass
name = input('Who are you? ')
secret = getpass.getpass('Tell me a secret I can disclose...')
hw = hello_world(name, secret)
if hw == 'Hello World!!!':
print('Success!! ', hw)
else:
print('Ooops something went wrong, should say "Hello World!!!"')
You shold see “Success!! Hello World!!!” when you run the program.


If you would like to contact me please click here. You can also follow me on GitHub, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Below is a copy of my resume. Your browser does not appear to support inline frames. Please download the Resume using the link provided above.


---
layout: post
title: 12/24 schoolwork
date: '2013-12-25T00:25:00.001-07:00'
author: Jacob .
tags:
- homeschool-journal
modified_time: '2013-12-25T00:25:28.835-07:00'
thumb: https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-E9u-F2c3b9g/UrmeMUggVrI/AAAAAAAAEx0/i8x1hbCIgLY/s72-c/blogger-image-2145971539.jpg
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6400085873105072120.post-588110871104043180
blogger_orig_url: http://www.svlark.com/2013/12/1224-schoolwork.html
---
Grammar lesson 58


The address for Glory Bound is 101 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35233.
All proceeds will go towards creating more care packages for women's shelters in the Birmingham area.
Be sure to bring your friends and enjoy a great meal!
Thank you for your support, and see you there!


public class Decoder
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static Saver |
getSave()
get the current saver instance
|
static boolean |
isSaveReady()
remove the current saver
|
static boolean |
loadSave(java.lang.String fileName)
output the status of the input file
|
static void |
removeBuff()
remove the current saver
|
public static boolean isSaveReady()
public static Saver getSave()
public static void removeBuff()
public static boolean loadSave(java.lang.String fileName)
Takes
- in a string of file name where it can be any name


Max submission per day: {{contest.max_submissions_per_day}}
Start time: {{contest.start_time}}
End time: {{contest.end_time}}
Time left: {{contest.end_time | timeuntil}}
Information
{% if signed_contract %}
You have already accepted to the Terms and Conditions and are participating in this contest
{% else %}
Read about them here
{% endif %}


JavaScript accordions let you squeeze a lot of content into a small space in a Web page.
This simple accordion degrades gracefully in browsers that don't support JavaScript or CSS.
A JavaScript accordion is made up of a number of expandable/collapsible items. Only one item is ever shown at a time.
You can include any content you want inside an accordion item. Here's a bullet list:
Click an accordion item's heading to expand it. To collapse the item, click it again, or click another item heading.


This app is running in disconnected mode. GraphQL requires connected mode, headless connected mode, or integrated mode to work.
Libraries such as graphql-tools
can provide GraphQL API mocking
capabilities, which could enable disconnected GraphQL. This is not supported out of the
box, however.
To view the GraphQL samples, restart the app using jss start:connected
or deploy the app to Sitecore to run in integrated mode per the JSS documentation.


A Linux Web Server is what our group deployed for our final project in the Networking 3 - Linux class.
There are five members in the group and each one has a special role to work with. Check out our Github
accounts by clicking each of our pictures bellow to find out more and see the documentation that goes along with our project.
Done was in charge of Testing the web server and website throughout the delelopment process. He use filezilla and as well as Github to update the website everytime a team did a pull request. He was also incharge of displaying the contents of the home page of this website.
Vang was in charge of doing the research for the team. He also kept the team moving forwars by providing us with the correct tools to keep the overall project organize.
Rony was in charge of providing support for the group. Giving his team mates an extra hand or providing extra content the team needed to make keep the project in motion. Rony and Jorge work together to put together the contents for their teams web page.
Kao was incharge of doing the teams documentation. He documented the teams overall deployment of the Webserver.
Jorge was also provided support for the group. He work with Rony to develop the overall design and content for our teams web page.
Our team documentaion is mostly found in Github. We used markdown format to document everything we did for our project. You can fine our team documentation page here:


{% extends "layout.html" %}
{% block page_title %}
How likely are you to recommend this service to a friend or colleague if they needed to do the same thing?
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
{% include "includes/phase_banner_alpha.html" %}
{% include "includes/backlink.html" %}
How likely are you to recommend this service to a friend or colleague if they needed to do the same thing?


Simpleux
digital agency
A simple layout design made by designer and coders. Build for any projects, and for creative people.
loading
A simple layout design made by designer and coders. Build for any projects, and for creative people.
We are a digital agency, focused in making good and useful product for clients and corporations. Our main mission or a description about us is placed here.
We did so many projects since the beginning of our path. Here are some of the remarkable ones.
We did so many projects since the beginning of our path. Here are some of the remarkable ones.
Feel free to ask us any questions related to our activities. We will be happy to answer you.


Our Primary Goal is to Provide Students with Adequate Information on How to Conquer College! The Rising Costs of Higher Education Coupled with the Stress. Let Flinder Ease Your Mind
Senior: Computer Science Morehouse 2018
Senior: Computer Science Morehouse 2018
Senior: Computer Science Spelman 2018
Senior: Computer Science Spelman 2018


I had used mushies on a couple of occassions before and I felt prepared for my next trip. I had picked up a half and was warned that these were particulary strong. Was planning on splitting it with a friend, 1/4 each, but he wasn't around. Chose to order a small pizza, and add my enitre bag of newly aquired veggies to it. Gobbled it down on a relatively empty stomach and decided to go for a walk in a gorgous cemetary nearby.
+20m - I can already feel the slight nausea in my stomach and the a newly found energy coursing through my body. I have never had mushrooms kick in so fast. This alarmed me a little and for the first time I thought I might have taken too much.
+40m - I sit down and just stare at the trees. The euphoria starts to kick in, and the energy is almost to much to handle as my arms and legs start to cramp. I am having a little trouble concentrating on breathing. The CEV's are absolutely amazing, so vivid that it is hard to distinguish whether my eyes are open or shut.
+1hr - The come-up was dominated by CEV's and the OEV's decided to hit me very quickly. But these were not my usual mushroom visuals. There were colors and patterns, but there was a particular tree directly in front me that became a mosiac of faces, actually manifesting them with the branches, not just seeing the faces within the wood. This visual did not go away and seemed to be permenant. Decided to focus on other things, and began to watch all of the beautiful pine trees as they swayed back and forth. The grass was shimmering like a wind blowing of the sea and everything became bright and colorful. This was a great part of the trip as the euphoria was very apparent.
+1hr 30m - Got up and decided to walk around. Had some trouble not looking like the town drunk as I made my way around the cemetary. I found another spot and laid down in the grass and stared up at the sky and the tree right above me. The next wave of visuals hit again, suddenly, and the sky became a series of interconnected prisms and the tree branches a combination of colorful puzzle peices. The body high that accompanied these visuals was the best I have had on any drug and complimented the OEV's very well. I could not stop pulling the grass and wiggling my toes. The sky became a kalidescope of colors and everything around me was either swirling or spinning or melting. This was somewhat frightening due to not having any stationary reference or control point. At this moment I realized that I eaten too much as the trip was just coming up.
+1 hr 40m - Although my house was practically in view from the cemetary, I could not figure out how to get there.  The OEV's started to calm down as I got up and started walking. I ended up getting lost somewhere in the cemetary, but before tripping I had warned my buddy that this might happen. I gave him a call and he wandered out to come find me. My cell phone seemed to be made of rubber and it tried to melt into my face. My buddy found me and my motor functions were so shot that he actually had to push/carry me to the house for I could not walk. I was relieved to be back home and safe, for I knew the beef of the trip was still to come.
2hr - As I lay on the floor, everything around me was morphing and changing just like in the cemetary. I could not form sentences, much less words, and was speakin in jibberish to everyone around me. The trip was kickin in nicely the OEV's were intense, but not overwhelming. I could see people around carrying out their buisness as usual, so there was no feeling of an outer-body experience.
6hr - I had managed to curl up in a ball in the corner of the kitchen, and was half naked. The trip seemed to be calming down. The OEV's were subtle, some popping colors and halos around just about everything, but nothing too awe inspiring. The body and mental high still in full effect. I found my buddies watching 'Down Periscope' and decided to join them. I laid down on the couch and felt the OEV's slowly fade away. The trip was apparently ending.
7hr - Still partial OEV's, which I found weird for the mental/body high were completely gone. And still very strong CEV's.
7hr 30m - As the movie came to an end, I went to go piss. As I entered the bathroom, I looked at the mirror. I saw a reflection of myself dressed as the Mad Hatter with a pink furry coat on and some sort of scepter in my hand. As I looked down at myself I was actually wearing, and holding the items I saw in the reflection. I could feel the weight of the coat on my shoulders and was running my hand through the pink fur. I was somewhat startled, for I thought the trip was ending, so I stepped out of the bathroom.
I was instantly transformed back into my normal clothes as I walked out. Since I had total concious thought and felt completely sober I went to tell my buddies what had happened. This is when it got scary. As I stepped back into the room, they were sitting on the couch as usual. I noticed there was absolutely no sound, no ambience, nothing. And that they were not moving. They were completely frozen if in mid conversation. The movie was also completely still.
Considering how long it had been and with feeling completely sober, I had never experienced anything like this, and allowed the fear and paranoia to consume me. I started screaming for someone, anyone, hoping they would save me from this still picture I was in. As I walked through the house looking for someone, the house started to shrink more and more as I walked through it as in the Willy Wonka hallway scene. I began to shrink also, but my clothes stayed the same size. I found someone, still frozen, but their face seemed to be a mask floating on water. They could talk to me, but their body, and everything around me was still frozen.
By this time I just wanted it to end, and I had no downers to take to bring me out of it. I walked outside, hoping being out in the open air would help me snap out of it. To my horror, everything I looked at was incredibly miniature and this only fueled my fear. I had convinced myself that this was never going to end and that I was trapped in this dream forever. I started biting myself and smashing my head against a brick wall hoping to wake myself up. I ended up laying on my bed, watching the CEV's slowly consume me and waiting for my world to end.
12hr - I had laid in bed for a solid 7 hours, contemplating the life I had had and the things I was sorry for. I cried for awhile and was disappointed that my life had come to such an abrupt end. It was only when the drug had finally worked itself all the way down did I have the courage to go back downstairs, and to my astonishment, people could see me and I could communicate with them. I did not have a care in the world at the moment, I was simply grateful to be alive.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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Deceived by fake Changi Airport lucky draw, scam victims lose S$40,000
SINGAPORE: Scammers have deceived victims into giving away details of their credit card, debit card or bank accounts by saying they had won lucky draws organised by Changi Airport Group (CAG).
In an advisory released on Tuesday (Nov 19), police said victims lost at least S$40,000 to these scammers between July and October this year. There were at least 30 reports of lucky draw scams.
Scammers would make unsolicited calls - sometimes through mobile apps such as Viber - and tell their victims they had won a prize in a lucky draw campaign with a CAG-related name, such as Changi Millionaire.
On top of asking for their card or bank account details, they were also told to provide the one-time password (OTP) sent to their mobile phones, said the Singapore Police Force (SPF).
The victims realised they were cheated after finding that unauthorised transactions had been made on their accounts, SPF added.
READ: S$6 million lost to phone scammers impersonating technical support staff and police
Some victims were also asked to purchase iTunes cards and send the accompanying codes to the scammers over the phone.
And in recent cases, scammers made unauthorised top-ups to the victims’ Singtel Dash accounts using their credit card information, before making fraudulent transactions through the said Singtel Dash accounts.
READ: 192 scams with fake Lazada and Shopee lucky draws reported this year
Police warned the public not to give away their OTP to anyone, including family members and friends, and be wary of claims of winning prizes or unusual requests from strangers.
More information on such scams can be found on www.scamalert.sg.


Saving Private Ryan (1998)
Director: Steven Spielberg Cast: Tom Hanks, Edward Burns, Tom Sizemore, Jeremy Davies, Vin Diesel, Adam Goldberg, Barry Pepper, Giovanni Ribisi, Matt Damon Screenplay: Robert Rodat Producers: Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon, Gary Levinsohn Runtime: 169 min. US Distribution: DreamWorks/Paramount Rated R: extreme and graphic gore and violence, profanity
By Nathaniel R. Atcheson<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Saving Private Ryan is perhaps the first film I've ever seen that called me back for a second viewing before I even decided the way I felt about it. I knew it had invaded me the first time, for I had ultra-violent nightmares the night after I saw it. I couldn't stop thinking about the film for three days; the graphic viscera of every scene imprinted images on my mind, images that aren't likely to ever leave me. I doubt there are many films in existence that are as visually powerful as Saving Private Ryan, and I know there's not one that's more horrifyingly violent.
As everyone knows, this is Steven Spielberg's latest war film, though his first attempt at actually capturing the horror of warfare. I've never been in war -- and it's not likely that I ever will be -- but I think experiencing Saving Private Ryan is the closest I'll ever come. After watching this film, I felt like I had survived a war. I was tired, exhilarated, battered, and disturbed. It's not a pleasant experience, but it's a profoundly powerful one, and I recommend that everyone see it. It puts the realism back into violence.
After a short prologue, Spielberg jumps right into battle, with a truly amazing recreation of the invasion of Omaha Beach on June 6th, 1944. We meet our characters, Captain Miller (Tom Hanks), his Sergeant (Tom Sizemore), and their men, Privates Reiben (Edward Burns), Mellish (Adam Goldberg), Jackson (Barry Pepper), and Wade (Giovanni Ribisi). They forge the beach and, after about a half hour of watching their comrades undergo intense attack from the Germans, they manage to take the beach. It's at this point that Miller gets a new assignment: he and his men are to go inland and search for Private James Ryan; Ryan's brothers have all been killed in combat, and the powers-that-be want to get the remaining man back to his mother in Iowa. The film progresses from there, with Miller and his men engaging in various battles and risking their lives to find a man who may not even be alive.
Saving Private Ryan is the most violent film I've ever seen. Paul Verhoeven has a knack for gory violence, but his films are cartoons by comparison. And horror films that bank on gore are nothing compared to this, because here it all feels real. Spielberg is entirely responsible for the look and feel of this film, and it proves that he can paint a portrait of pure terror without holding back. In general, the style is sharp, and every scene appears to be in deep focus (one can see every dust particle that goes flying into the air with each explosion). I read that Spielberg drained 40% of the color from the film, and what results are images that look stark and harrowing, particularly in the ravaged town where the final battle takes place. In addition, the sound effects editing and special effects are so good that viewers simply forget that they are watching a film.
The violence is not exploitative, and that's why it feels so real. We get glimpses of a man lying on a beach, holding his entrails, calling for his mother.  We see soldiers get blown to pieces by machinegun fire, while their mangled limbs disperse about the ground. Nothing I can write here will prepare you for the images in Saving Private Ryan, and nothing I say can describe it in a way that feels as realistic as Spielberg has made it. I've never experienced a film that feels as real as this one.
The film is long, and Spielberg manages to form his characters effectively. Hanks gives a touching, subtle performance as the Captain, whose identity is concealed from his men. He is convincing in this role, even though he doesn't initially seem like a military type (although I imagine that this is the point, seeing as how most people drafted into war aren't the military type). Sizemore is excellent, giving a powerful performance as the loyal Sergeant. Jeremy Davies is terrific as an interpreter who gets forced into battle, and his subplot is fascinating. Other supporting performances by Burns, Goldberg, Pepper, Ribisi, and Matt Damon (as Private Ryan) are all surprisingly memorable.
Many people accept Spielberg's name as solid gold, as if his attachment with any motion picture assures its quality. I think he's talented, but, like all directorsb he has his ups (Schindler's List, Empire of the Sun) and his downs (Always, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom). There are elements common in all of his films that I don't like, and he frequently uses sentimentality at the worst times. Saving Private Ryan has some serious problems in this arena; the first and last scenes, for instance, are truly unbearable, and should have been cut from the film entirely. On the whole, however, the sensitive material here is handled with surprising honesty, and a few of the scenes are powerful because Spielberg is almost cold in his observations of them.
There are other flaws, aside from the occasional sentimentality. Even though the film looks disturbingly real, the story still has that contrived Hollywood feel. The general idea is a good one, and the framework is effective, but a lot of this relies on chance and luck, and I don't like it when stories need to fall back on luck. There are also some character developments late in the film that had me puzzled. Most frustrating, however, is that, for all the realism in the war scenes, the main characters who die are all given quiet, cinematic death scenes. That's not to say that they aren't engrossing or moving scenes, because they are, but it's moments like these that remind me that I'm watching something that isn't real. It would have been far more effective to kill characters for whom we feel something in the same graphic manner that floods the rest the film.
In addition, I'm not sure how Spielberg wants us to feel in the end. It seems that he wanted to make a film that was simply about war, but Saving Private Ryan spends more time on the characters and story than it does on the horrors of war. The first and last shots are of an American flag, but I'm not sure why. The film feels oddly indifferent to the purpose of World War II -- in some scenes, the Germans are almost sympathetic, and sometimes Spielberg demonizes the American soldiers. I actually like this element, but it makes me confused about the moral center of the film. And even though it's so violent, I'm not sure that it's particularly anti-war. I like that the film stimulated my thought in this manner, but I would have preferred a little more guidance.
It's not often that I bother with negative criticism when I recommend a film so highly. Saving Private Ryan, as a whole, is not even close to perfection -- there are flaws in its execution that are too large to ignore. But as a war film, as a violent, forceful, and aggressive vision of some of the most violent moments in human history, it is as close to perfect as it could have been. So many of the images in this picture are stamped on my brain, and have forced their way into my subconscious in a manner no film ever has. And for all the violence, for every mind-numbing shot of a human being undergoing intense physical torture, this is still a film that I will want to watch in the future. Spielberg may be overrated, but it takes a unique talent to make me want to repeatedly endure a film this unpleasant.
**** out of **** (9/10, A)
Visit FILM PSYCHOSIS at http://www.pyramid.net/natesmovies
Nathaniel R. Atcheson
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Xi promises gradual opening of Chinese markets to investment
by JOE McDONALDBEIJING (AP) - Chinese President Xi Jinping promised more gradual market-opening steps at the start of an import fair Tuesday but no major initiatives to ease complaints about technology policy and other irritants that sparked a tariff war with Washington.
Xi spoke at the opening of the second annual China International Import Expo, which is meant to mollify Beijing’s trading partners by showcasing its vast and growing import market. The organizer says it includes more than 3,000 companies from 150 countries and regions.
“The door that China is opening will only open further and wider,” Xi said in a speech to an audience that included French President Emmanuel Macron and prime ministers from Greece, Jamaica and Serbia.
Xi affirmed promises to reduce restrictions on foreign investment and an offer, first made in June, to accelerate work on a China-Europe investment treaty.
Beijing has eased foreign access to its consumers, but none of the changes address U.S., European and other complaints about Chinese technology policies and other irritants that triggered the trade war.
Business groups have welcomed greater access to Chinese consumers but express frustration that Beijing is easing access to industries one at a time instead of throwing open its economy.
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Please read our comment policy before commenting.


Undamped Frequency and Damping Ratio
Simulated Data
Measured Data
Import the acquired data in the following cells:
Frequency =
Amplitude =
Phase angle =
Load Amplitude Factor =
Data Points used to calculate the natural frequency and damping ratio:
Point
ω
θ
The natural frequency and damping ratio are:
ω
u
=
ξ =
R
0
=
k =
c =
m =


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Package net.sf.jasperreports.charts.design
Contains design time implementations for chart related interfaces.
Interface Summary
Interface
Description
JRDesignCategoryPlot
Class Summary
Class
Description
ChartCopyDesignObjectFactory
JRDesignAreaPlot
JRDesignBar3DPlot
JRDesignBarPlot
JRDesignBubblePlot
JRDesignCandlestickPlot
JRDesignCategoryDataset
JRDesignCategorySeries
JRDesignChartAxis
JRChartAxis
implementation to be used for report design.
JRDesignDataRange
Contains a range of values.
JRDesignGanttDataset
JRDesignGanttSeries
JRDesignHighLowDataset
JRDesignHighLowPlot
JRDesignItemLabel
An object that specifies how an item label should be displayed.
JRDesignLinePlot
JRDesignMeterPlot
A meter plot that displays a single value against a range of values.
JRDesignMultiAxisPlot
Contains information on how a multiple axis chart should be displayed.
JRDesignPie3DPlot
JRDesignPieDataset
JRDesignPiePlot
JRDesignPieSeries
JRDesignScatterPlot
JRDesignThermometerPlot
The layout options of a thermometer chart.
JRDesignTimePeriodDataset
JRDesignTimePeriodSeries
JRDesignTimeSeries
JRDesignTimeSeriesDataset
JRDesignTimeSeriesPlot
JRDesignValueDataset
A data set that contains a single value.
JRDesignValueDisplay
An object that specifies how a single value should be displayed.
JRDesignXyDataset
JRDesignXySeries
JRDesignXyzDataset
JRDesignXyzSeries


RT @yukihiro_matz: Link: Ruby 2.5.0 Released https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2017/12/25/ruby-2-5-0-released/
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RT @yukihiro_matz: Link: Ruby 2.5.0 Released https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2017/12/25/ruby-2-5-0-released/
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BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE & SECONDARY EDUCATION, BAHAWALPUR
SSC PART I ANNUAL EXAMINATION, 2021
|
| Roll No : |
674588 |
Reg No: |
120963250 |
| Student Name: |
MUHAMMAD MUZAMIL |
Father Name: |
MUHAMMAD JAMIL |
| Institute: |
MADRASSA TUL BINAT H/S/S BOYS SADIQ ABAD |
|
|
Part I
|
| Subject |
Marks Obtained
|
Percentile Score
|
Relative Grade
|
Result Status
|
| URDI |
58 |
77.33 |
C+ |
Pass |
| ENGI |
58 |
77.33 |
C+ |
Pass |
| ISLI |
50 |
100.00 |
A+ |
Pass |
| PSI |
50 |
100.00 |
A+ |
Pass |
| MATHI |
57 |
76.00 |
C |
Pass |
| PHYI |
52 |
69.33 |
D+ |
Pass |
| CHEI |
52 |
69.33 |
D+ |
Pass |
| CSEI |
49 |
65.33 |
D |
Pass |
|
| Result: |
426
|
|
The candidate has passed the said examination securing marks :- FOUR HUNDRED TWENTY SIX
|
| |
|
Note:-
(i)-The marks awarded are the best prediction of the performance and have been awarded under COVID-19 Examination Policy, hence considered as valid and fair.
(ii)-This provisional result intimation is issued as a notice only, errors and omissions excepted. If any discrepancy found in the result intimation, you may contact Board office within 30 days of decleration of result.
(iii)-Candidate intending to apply for re-checking of his/her papers may apply Online within 15 days after decleration of the result with normal fee.
|
|
|


Exort uploader is a jQuery plugin that will make it easier for you to handle uploading files or selecting files that have been uploaded. You can delete files from the file list or add new files. In addition you can also set the order of the file before the save. In many cases we require validation when uploading files, we have provided this feature, we can restrict file types based on mime type, limit file size, or limit the number of files.
This section will help you to include required files for the plugin.
1. Include jQuery
Exort Uploader is need jQuery to run, download and include jQuery.
<script src="jquery.min.js"></script>
2. Include Uploader Plugin
Then call the Uploader plugin, we have provide them on the bundle file, make sure to call jQuery first before this.
<script src="exort.min.js"></script>
3. Include Uploader CSS file
Include the CSS file too.
<link rel="stylesheet" href="exort.min.css">
To use the uploader we need an element to trigger the uploader. Elements can be buttons, links, or others.
<button class="uploader">Upload File</button>
Here is a example code to call the Uploader Plugin. Adjust the selector and option.
$(document).ready(function() {
var uploader = $('.uploader').uploader({
upload_url: 'upload.php', // Upload script on serverside
input_name: 'file', // Input text name to save file list
auto_upload: false // This option allow us to set whether the file will be uploaded directly or uploaded when certain events
})
})
After the plugin runs, the uploader will automatically create an input text to save the uploaded file names. We can use this text input to store file names on the server. If we set "auto_upload" to false we can use "upload" method to start ajax upload manually, consider the following example.
$(document).ready(function() {
var uploader = $('.uploader').uploader({
upload_url: 'upload.php', // Upload script on serverside
input_name: 'file', // Input text name to save file list
auto_upload: false // This option allow us to set whether the file will be uploaded directly or uploaded when certain events
})
$('.save').on('click', function() {
uploader.upload(function() {
alert("Upload success...")
})
})
})
To use the filepicker we only need to modify the script above by adding the parameter "file_picker_url" as in the following example.
$(document).ready(function() {
var uploader = $('.uploader').uploader({
upload_url: 'upload.php', // Upload script on serverside
file_picker_url: 'files.php', // Script that return the list of files on the server
input_name: 'file' // Input text name to save file list
})
})
A description of the serverside section will be discussed in the next section.
Exort uploader has three kinds of validation that is based on file size, file type, and number of files. For validation based on certain file type we can see from list mime type on following link : https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types
Here is an example of how to use validation on the uploader.
$(document).ready(function() {
var uploader = $('.uploader').uploader({
upload_url: 'upload.php', // Upload script on serverside
file_picker_url: 'files.php', // Script that return the list of files on the server
input_name: 'file' // Input text name to save file list
maximum_total_files: 4, // Set the maximum number of files
maximum_file_size: 50009000, // Set the maximum file size of every file uploaded
file_types_allowed: ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/vnd.adobe.photoshop'] // Set the allowed file type by mime type
on_error: function(err) {
console.log(err) // Callback function that return error messages when validation failed
}
})
})
The file picker requires a script on the server to read the file on the server. Data displayed in pagination every 21 files. Data is returned from the server in JSON format, the data format used as follows.
{
"files": [
{
"file_name": "wave-2211925_640.jpg",
"file_size": 140896,
"file_type": "image/jpeg",
"file_thumbnail": "http://localhost/uploader/uploads/wave-2211925_640.jpg"
},
{
"file_name": "sunset-2180346_640.jpg",
"file_size": 19718,
"file_type": "image/jpeg",
"file_thumbnail": "http://localhost/uploader/uploads/sunset-2180346_640.jpg"
}
],
"total": 2
}
To display the list of files that have been stored on the server we can use the "set_files" method, the required parameters are the list of files stored on the server in the JSON format. You can see the following example.
var uploader = $('.uploader').uploader({
upload_url: 'upload.php',
file_picker_url: 'files.php',
input_name: 'file',
auto_upload: false,
maximum_total_files: 4,
maximum_file_size: 50009000,
file_types_allowed: ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/vnd.adobe.photoshop'],
on_error: function(err) {
console.log(err)
}
})
uploader.set_files('[{"file_name":"thumbnail.jpg","file_size":25774,"file_type":"image/jpeg","file_thumbnail":"http://localhost/uploader/uploads/thumbnail.jpg"},{"file_name":"IMG_5593.JPG","file_size":674625,"file_type":"image/jpeg","file_thumbnail":"http://localhost/uploader/uploads/IMG_5593.JPG"},{"file_name":"IMG_5591.JPG","file_size":748340,"file_type":"image/jpeg","file_thumbnail":"http://localhost/uploader/uploads/IMG_5591.JPG"}]')
This is a list of callback functions that we can use on spesific events when using uploader.
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| on_before_upload() | This function will be called before the file will be uploaded |
| on_success_upload() | This function will be called after the file was uploaded |
| on_error(err) | This function will be called when there is an error while uploading the file |


Reads in an AIFF file and outputs the data as a short array.
module ReadAiffData <src_file="readaiff.cxx", cxx_src_files="libaiff.cxx"> { ReadAiffParams+IPort2 ¶meters; cxxmethod+notify_inst+req update; string+read+notify+req file_name => parameters.file_name; int+write Num_channels => parameters.Num_channels; int+write Sample_size => parameters.Sample_size; int+write Num_samples => parameters.Num_samples; double+write Sample_rate => parameters.Sample_rate; short+write+OPort2 out_data[Num_samples]; };
ReadAiffData reads in an uncompressed AIFF file and outputs an array of short values representing the samples that make up the waveform. The amplitude of the samples is represented by a single short value, where 0 is silence, and 32767 and -32768 represent the extensions of the speaker toward and away from the listener. It also sets a number of parameters within the parameter block it references. These describe the format of the sample that it has loaded. This module is not able to read compressed AIFF audio files and will give an error message if this is tried.
&ReadAiffParams
Reference to the parameter block, which contains real instances of the parameters for the ReadAiffData function.
file_name
Name of the AIFF file to be loaded. The parameter is of type string. This is the only input parameter to the ReadAiffData function, all the other parameter are set by the ReadAiffData function. Normally the value of this parameter is found by referring to the parameter block, which is referenced by the &ReadAiffParams input.
out_data
The output array containing the waveform contained in the AIFF file. The array is of type short and uses two bytes to store the amplitude of each sample, where 0 is quiet, and 32767 and -32768 represent the extensions of the speaker toward and away from the listener. If the input audio has a sample size of 8 bits then each byte is expanded so that it fills the full range of values.
Num_Channels
Number of Channels present in AIFF file. The parameter is of type int, and is set by the ReadAiffData module. Setting this value has no affect upon the ReadAiffData module. Normally the value of this parameter is found by referring to the parameter block, which is referenced by the &ReadAiffParams input.
Sample_Size
Size of each individual sample in bits. The ReadAiffData module can only cope with sample sizes of either 8 or 16 bits. The parameter is of type int, and is set by the ReadAiffData module. Setting this value has no affect upon the ReadAiffData module. Normally the value of this parameter is found by referring to the parameter block, which is referenced by the &ReadAiffParams input.
Num_Samples
Number of individual samples in the AIFF file. The parameter is of type int, and is set by the ReadAiffData module. Setting this value has no affect upon the ReadAiffData module. Normally the value of this parameter is found by referring to the parameter block, which is referenced by the &ReadAiffParams input.
Sample_Rate
Number of samples per second. The parameter is of type double, and is set by the ReadAiffData module. Setting this value has no affect upon the ReadAiffData module. Normally the value of this parameter is found by referring to the parameter block, which is referenced by the &ReadAiffParams input.
The low-level ReadAiffData module is used in the Functional Macro ReadAiff and the User Macro readAiff. Additionally, this macro also uses the ReadAiffParams parameter block group object, as does the ReadAiffUI UI Macro.
An example application ReadAiffEg is provided, which displays AIFF files on screen using the AGGraph set of graphing components.
xp_comm_proj/rd_aiff/aiffmods.v contains the ReadAiffParams group and the ReadAiffData module V definitions.
The low-level ReadAiffMods library containing the module ReadAiffData does not specify a process. By default the express process will be used.
Paul G. Lever Andrew Dodd
ReadAiffParams, ReadAiffUI, ReadAiff, readAiff


Question
1
/
40
Green
Orange
Which point is more likely, given the existing points?
Use
left
or
right
arrow keys, or click the boxes, to make a selection.


David Lynch-directed advertisement for Playstation welcomes you to The Third Place
by John StruanOnce upon a time, people had so much free time that they needed a place to go that wasn't work or home. A third place. Sony was one of the companies competing for that space, and created an entire campaign around the concept. They hired David Lynch to direct a commercial for the Playstation 2 because "He's been living in The Third Place for quite a few years."
The commercial is predictably surreal, makes no detectable reference to video games, and could easily be reused for other products with equal success:
Lynch received some pushback on choosing black and white, but artistic version prevailed over the color version:
There is also a short documentary on the making of the commercial that feels suitably Lynchian--moments of levity amidst a murky, ominous set:
You can see more commercials in the campaign here.


glam2mask [options] <glam2 motif> <sequence file>
This program masks the occurrences of a GLAM2 motif so that weaker motifs can be found. Masking replaces residues aligned to key positions with the symbol 'x'. By alternately applying glam2 and glam2mask several times, it is possible to find the strongest, second-strongest, third-strongest, etc. motifs in a set of sequences.
The name of a GLAM2 output file.
The name of a file containing FASTA formatted sequences.
The input sequences are output with the GLAM2 motif sites masked out with 'x's. The sequences are normally sent to standard output but this can be changed by specifying the -o option.
| Option | Parameter | Description | Default Behavior |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Options | |||
| -o | output file | The masked sequences are written to output file. | The masked sequences are written to standard output. |
| -x | mask character | The instances of the glam2 motif are masked out with the mask character. | The instances of the glam2 motif are masked out with 'x'. |
glam2mask -o mask1.fa my_motif.glam2 my_seqs.fa
glam2mask -x n my_motif.glam2 my_seqs.fa


The stencil.config.js
file is where all Stencil configuration happens.
Here's an example configuration:
exports.config = {
bundles: [
{ components: ['stencil-site', 'site-header', 'landing-page'] },
{ components: ['app-marked', 'getting-started', 'basics-components', 'compiler-config', 'what-is', 'code-splitting', 'stencil-ssr', 'site-menu'] },
{ components: ['demos-page'] }
],
collections: [
{ name: '@stencil/router' }
]
};
bundles
The bundles
config is an array of objects that represent how components are grouped together in lazy-loaded bundles. It is important to note that every Stencil component be included in a bundle. In the example above, each object in the bundles
array has its own components
array, which is the HTML tag name for each component. In general, the simplest approach is to give each component its own bundle. A more advanced optimization would be grouping commonly used components together.
collections
The collections
config specifies a list of third-party Stencil libraries. Since everything in Stencil is async and lazy loaded by default, it is important to NOT have any hard import
statements linking components together. Any library listed in the list collections
entry will be recognized and included in the application by the Stencil compiler. By default, the @stencil/router
will be included.
publicPath
, default value: /build
The publicPath
config sets the client-side base path for all Stencil build assets, and it's usually best to have it start with /
. Note that this only sets the base path the browser requests, but this does not set where files are saved during build. To change where files are saved at build time, use the buildDir
config.
buildDir
, default value: www/build
The buildDir
config specifies where files are saved after each build. These are the public files which will be requested by the browser. To change the base path of the browser's request use the publicPath
config.


What is OpenConquerCMS
OpenConquerCMS is a content management system that allow you create a page for Conquer Online Private Servers in few clicks. You can create, edit or use other template easy with pure HTML Files in templates folder.
{% for new in news %}
{{box.generate(new.name, new.description, '')}}
{% endfor %}


Save a life, adopt a pet
HelPet is a mobile application that targets to animal lovers. It can be considered as a platform that provides help, consulting to owner of pets and animals that is wounded or lost.
Project Reports
Berat Tuna Karlı
Doğa Zeynep Germen
Deniz Başaran
Irmak Tural
Numan Mertcan Cankara


MakesMathEasy solves various math problems along with steps. We
provide speedy calculations,
within a few ms. We work together, design, create and produce work
that we are proud of. We
believe that "MATH IS FUN"!
The IDEA: We offer mathematics in an
enjoyable and
easy-to-learn manner.
Our commitment: The site will continue to
grow
over time. Keep coming back to find out what has been added.
Feedback: If you like the site or would like
to make comments or
even contributions then contact us.


This attractive port is in the large bay at the western end of the island of Viz.
Position 43°04'N, 16°14.9'E.
This is a summer Port of Entry.
Moor to the breakwater on the SE side of the bay. The berths at the outer end have a depth of 5 or 6m which decreases to 2m at the SW end.
There are now mooring balls just outside of the inner harbour. These are strong, well spaced moorings anchored to 5-ton blocks. The charge is 150Kn for boats 10m or less and 200Kn for boats 10-15m. The price is half the cost of mooring on the inner mole.
Anchor in the bay, to the south of the stone bollards. There is good holding in the mud.
Shelter can be found in some part of the bay in alnost all winds, although the entrance can be difficult in strong W and SW winds.
Last updated May 2013.


We bring wild life experience to your heart. Visit Uganda for the full experience. Come see our well established cultures and our way of life. We are the destination for anyone who is looking for original, hand-crafted and nature bound experience.
Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts.
Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts.
Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts.
Take a look at these breaking Sites . You can have this anytime you want
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Convex functions are simple — they usually have only one local minimum. Non-convex functions can be much more complicated. In this post we will discuss various types of critical points that you might encounter when you go off the convex path. In particular, we will see in many cases simple heuristics based on gradient descent can lead you to a local minimum in polynomial time.
Various Types of Critical Points
To minimize the function $f:\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}$, the most popular approach is to follow the opposite direction of the gradient $\nabla f(x)$ (for simplicity, all functions we talk about are infinitely differentiable), that is,
Here $\eta$ is a small step size. This is the gradient descent algorithm.
Whenever the gradient $\nabla f(x)$ is nonzero, as long as we choose a small enough $\eta$, the algorithm is guaranteed to make local progress. When the gradient $\nabla f(x)$ is equal to $\vec{0}$, the point is called a critical point, and gradient descent algorithm will get stuck. For (strongly) convex functions, there is a unique critical point that is also the global minimum.
However, for non-convex functions, just having the gradient to be $\vec{0}$ is not good enough. A simple example is the function
At $x = (0,0)$, the gradient is $\vec{0}$, but it is clearly not a local minimum as $x = (0, \epsilon)$ has smaller function value. The point $(0,0)$ is called a saddle point of this function.
To distinguish these cases we need to consider the second order derivative $\nabla^2 f(x)$ — an $n\times n$ matrix (usually known as the Hessian) whose $i,j$-th entry is equal to $\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_i \partial x_j} f(x)$. When the Hessian is positive definite (which means $u^\top\nabla^2 f(x) u > 0$ for any $u\ne 0$), by second order Taylor’s expansion for any direction $u$ therefore $x$ must be a local minimum. Similarly, when the Hessian is negative definite, the point is a local maximum; when the Hessian has both positive and negative eigenvalues, the point is a saddle point.
It is believed that for many problems including learning deep nets, almost all local minimum have very similar function value to the global optimum, and hence finding a local minimum is good enough. However, it is NP-hard to even find a local minimum (see Discussions in Anandkumar, Ge 2006). Many popular optimization techniques in practice are first order optimization algorithms: they only look at the gradient information, and never explicitly compute the Hessian. Such algorithms may get stuck at saddle points.
In the rest of the post, we will first see that getting stuck at saddle points is a very realistic possibility since most natural objective functions have exponentially many saddle points. We will then discuss how optimization algorithms can try to escape from saddle points.
Symmetry and Saddle Points
Many learning problems can be abstracted as searching for $k$ distinct components (sometimes called features, centers,…). For example, in the clustering problem, there are $n$ points, and we are searching for $k$ components that minimizes the sum of distances of points to their nearest center. In a two-layer neural network, we try to find a network with $k$ distinct neurons at the middle layer. In my previous post I talked about tensor decomposition, which also looks for $k$ distinct rank-1 components.
A popular way to solve these problems is to design an objective function: let $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_k \in \mathbb{R}^n$ denote the desired centers and let objective function $f(x_1,…,x_k)$ measure the quality of the solution. The function is minimized when the vectors $x_1,x_2,…,x_k$ are the $k$ components that we are looking for.
A natural reason why any such problem is inherently non-convex is permutation symmetry. For instance, if we swap the order of first and second component, the solutions are equivalent. Namely,
However, if we take the average of this solution, we will end up with the solution $\frac{x_1+x_2}{2}, \frac{x_1+x_2}{2}, x_3,…,x_k$, which is not equivalent! If the original solution is optimal this average is likely to be suboptimal. Therefore the objective function cannot be convex because for convex functions, average of optimal solutions is still optimal.
There are exponentially many globally optimal solutions that are all permutations of the same solution. Saddle points arise naturally on the paths that connect these isolated local minima. The figure below shows the function $y = x_1^4-2x_1^2 + x_2^2$: between two symmetric local min $(-1,0)$ and $(1,0)$, the point $(0,0)$ is a saddle point.
Escaping from Saddle Points
In order to optimize these non-convex functions with many saddle points, optimization algorithms need to make progress even at (or near) saddle points. The simplest way to do this is by using the second order Taylor’s expansion:
If the gradient $\nabla f(x)$ is $\vec{0}$, we can still hope to find a vector $u$ where $u^\top \nabla^2 f(x) u < 0$. This way if we let $y = x+\eta u$, the function value of $f(y)$ is likely to be smaller. Many optimization algorithms such as trust region algorithms and cubic regularization use this idea, and they can escape from saddle points in polynomial time for nice functions.
Strict Saddle Functions
As we discussed, in general it is NP-hard to find a local minimum and many algorithms may get stuck at a saddle point. How many steps do we need to escape from a saddle point? This is related to how well-behaved the saddle points are. Intuitively, a saddle point $x$ is well-behaved, if there is a direction $u$ such that the second order term $u^\top \nabla^2 f(x) u$ is significantly smaller than 0 — geometrically this means there is a steep direction where the function value decreases. To quantify this, my paper with Furong Huang, Chi Jin and Yang Yuan introduced the notion of strict saddle functions (also known as “ridable” function in Sun et al. 2015)
A function $f(x)$ is strict saddle if all points $x$ satisfy at least one of the following
- Gradient $\nabla f(x)$ is large.
- Hessian $\nabla^2 f(x)$ has a negative eigenvalue that is bounded away from 0.
- Point $x$ is near a local minimum.
Essentially, the local region of every point $x$ looks like one of the following pictures:
For such functions, trust region algorithms and cubic regularization can find a local minimum efficiently.
Theorem(Informal) There are polynomial time algorithms that can find a local minimum of strict saddle functions.
What functions are strict saddle? Ge et al. 2015 showed a tensor decomposition problem is strict saddle. Sun et al. 2015 observed that problems like complete dictionary learning, phase retrieval are also strict saddle.
First Order Method to Escape from Saddle Points
Trust region algorithms are very powerful. However they need to compute the second order derivative of the objective function, which is often too expensive in practice. If the algorithm can only access the gradient of the function, is it still possible to escape from saddle points?
This might seem hard as the gradient at a saddle point is $\vec{0}$ and does not give us any information. However, the key observation here is saddle points are very unstable: if we put a ball on a saddle point, then slightly perturb it, the ball is likely to fall! Of course we need to make this intuition formal in higher dimensions, as naively to find the direction to fall it seems to require computing the smallest eigenvector of the Hessian matrix.
To formalize this intuition we will try use a noisy gradient descent
$y = x - \eta \nabla f(x) + \epsilon.$
Here $\epsilon$ is a noise vector that has mean $0$. This additional noise is going to deliver the initial nudge that makes the ball fall along the slope.
In fact, often it is much cheaper to compute a noisy gradient than the true gradient — this is the key idea in stochastic gradient , and a large body of work shows that the noise does not interfere with convergence for convex optimization. For non-convex optimization, intuitively people believed the inherent noise helps in convergence because it pushes the current point away from saddle points. It’s not a bug, it’s a feature!
Previously, there were no good upper bound known on the number of iterations needed to escape saddle points and arrive at a local minimum. In Ge et al. 2015, we show
Theorem(Informal) Noisy gradient descent can find a local minimum of strict saddle functions in polynomial time.
The polynomial dependency on the dimension $n$ and the smallest eigenvalue of the Hessian are fairly high and not very practical. It is an open problem to find the optimal convergence rate for strict saddle problems.
A recent subsequent paper by Lee et al. showed even without adding noise, gradient descent will not converge to any strict saddle point if the initial point is chosen randomly. However their result relies on the Stable Manifold Theorem from dynamical systems theory, which inherently does not provide any upperbound on the number of steps.
Beyond Simple Saddle Points
We have seen algorithms that can handle (simple) saddle points. However, non-convex problems can have much more complicated landscapes that involve degenerate saddle points — points whose Hessian is positive semidefinite and have 0 eigenvalues. Such degenerate structure often indicates a complicated saddle point (such as a monkey saddle, Figure (a)) or a set of connected saddle points (Figures (b)(c)). In Anandkumar, Ge 2016 we gave an algorithm that can deal with some of these degenerate saddle points.
The landscapes of non-convex functions can be very complicated, and there are still many open problems. What other functions are strict saddle? How do we make optimization algorithms that work even when there are degenerate saddle points or even spurious local minima? We hope more researchers will be interested in these problems!


[gecode-users] Output control for the Script class
Andrea Pretto
a.pretto at miriade.it
Mon May 21 16:31:05 CEST 2012
Hi,
I'am using Gecode for a project at work (I'am using Script class) and I
needed to separate Gecode message (timing, statistics etc..) from
solutions. That's because solutions "goes out" in a certain format that
another process have to decode, so I cannot mix solutions with Gecode
message.
The simplest solution I found was to change cout to clog everywhere in
ScriptBase::run, everywhere BUT when calling ex->print() which print the
solution. This is enough to have Gecode messages to standard log and
solutions to standard output, and now I can redirect them separately.
I would like to have this kind behavior on future releases of
Gecode. Flatzinc has already some options that do something like that (-s
and -o, I think), I want to implement something similar and send some
patches if you agree (it's pretty simple from what I see).
Tell me what you think about it.
Cheers.
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The
org.jivesoftware.smack.Connection
class manages your connection to an XMPP server. The default implementation is the
org.jivesoftware.smack.XMPPConnection
class. Two constructors are mainly used. The first,
XMPPConnection(String)
takes the server name you'd like to connect to as an argument. All default connection settings will be used:
- A DNS SRV lookup will be performed to find the exact address and port (typically 5222) that the server resides at.
- The maximum security possible will be negotiated with the server, including TLS encryption, but the connection will fall back to lower security settings if necessary.
- The XMPP resource name "Smack" will be used for the connection.
Alternatively, you can use the
XMPPServer(ConnectionConfiguration) constructor to specify advanced connection settings. Some of these settings include:
- Manually specify the server address and port of the server rather than using a DNS SRV lookup.
- Enable connection compression.
- Customize security settings, such as flagging the connection to require TLS encryption in order to connect.
- Specify a custom connection resource name such as "Work" or "Home". Every connection by a user to a server must have a unique resource name. For the user<EMAIL_ADDRESS>the full address with resource might be<EMAIL_ADDRESS>With unique resource names, a user can be logged into the server from multiple locations at once, or using multiple devices. The presence priority value used with each resource will determine which particular connection receives messages to the bare address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>in our example).
// Create the configuration for this new connection
ConnectionConfiguration config = new ConnectionConfiguration("jabber.org", 5222);
config.setCompressionEnabled(true);
config.setSASLAuthenticationEnabled(true);
Connection connection = new XMPPConnection(config);
// Connect to the server
connection.connect();
// Log into the server
connection.login("username", "password", "SomeResource");
....
// Disconnect from the server
connection.disconnect();
By default Smack will try to reconnect the connection in case it was abruptly disconnected. Use
ConnectionConfiguration#setReconnectionAllowed(boolean) to turn on/off this feature. The reconnection manager will try to immediately reconnect to the server and increase the delay between attempts as successive reconnections keep failing.
In case you want to force a reconnection while the reconnetion manager is waiting for the next reconnection, you can just use
Connection#connect()
and a new attempt will be made. If the manual attempt also failed then the reconnection manager will still continue the reconnection job.