This article is part of the God object resolution series. To illustrate it, we use a running example through the whole series. So far, we dispatched the logics, the state, and the tests of the God object into new features. We also transformed it into a façade to use it as a feature aggregator. This article is about testing this façade, the right way.
The God object can now be used as a proper façade... or can we? Actually, we didn't test anything, so we cannot ensure it does it properly.
A façade is a specific wrapper, and you can find a whole article about how to test them. Here, we will only summarize the idea and give the result.
Each method of the façade should be tested on these criteria:
If we take the first test, hire an employee, here it is:
@Test
public void testHireEmployeeIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
Employee expectedEmployee = new TestEmployee();
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
Employee[] actualEmployee = {null};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer() {
@Override
public int hireEmployee(Employee employee) {
actualEmployee[0] = employee;
return expectedEmployeeID;
}
};
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails();
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings();
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
int actualEmployeeID = manager.hireEmployee(expectedEmployee);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedEmployee, actualEmployee[0]);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID);
}
The first section of the test provides the values we will transfer to/from the feature implementation.
The second section creates all the required implementations, where each TestXxx
is a default implementation of the corresponding class.
These default implementations throw a RuntimeException("not implemented")
, which can be factored into a NotImplementedException
(you can also find existing ones in some libraries, like in the Apache Commons).
In these implementations, we only override the method that should be called, hireEmployee(employee)
here.
The last section does the assertions to ensure that the received values are the ones we sent.
In our running example, we mentionned the possibility to adapt an Employee
into a Contract
.
This is an adapter aspect, which is another kind of wrapper.
The impacted tests should include any adaptation we do to ensure that we do it properly.
We didn't do it, though, so we remain on a simple façade testing.
These are all the tests we wrote at the end:
public class EmployeeManagerTest {
@Test
public void testHireEmployeeIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
Employee expectedEmployee = new TestEmployee();
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
Employee[] actualEmployee = {null};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer() {
@Override
public int hireEmployee(Employee employee) {
actualEmployee[0] = employee;
return expectedEmployeeID;
}
};
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails();
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings();
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
int actualEmployeeID = manager.hireEmployee(expectedEmployee);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedEmployee, actualEmployee[0]);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID);
}
@Test
public void testFireEmployeeIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
Employee expectedEmployee = new TestEmployee();
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer() {
@Override
public Employee fireEmployee(int employeeID) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
return expectedEmployee;
}
};
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails();
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings();
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
Employee actualEmployee = manager.fireEmployee(expectedEmployeeID);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedEmployee, actualEmployee);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
@Test
public void testSetEmployeeIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
Employee expectedOldEmployee = new TestEmployee();
Employee expectedNewEmployee = new TestEmployee();
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
Employee[] actualNewEmployee = {null};
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer();
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails() {
@Override
public Employee setContract(int employeeID, Employee employee) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
actualNewEmployee[0] = employee;
return expectedOldEmployee;
}
};
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings();
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
Employee actualOldEmployee = manager.setEmployee(expectedEmployeeID, expectedNewEmployee);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedNewEmployee, actualNewEmployee[0]);
assertEquals(expectedOldEmployee, actualOldEmployee);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
@Test
public void testGetEmployeeIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
Employee expectedEmployee = new TestEmployee();
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer();
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails() {
@Override
public Employee getContract(int employeeID) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
return expectedEmployee;
}
};
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings();
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
Employee actualEmployee = manager.getEmployee(expectedEmployeeID);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedEmployee, actualEmployee);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
@Test
public void testSetAddressIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
Address expectedNewAddress = new TestAddress();
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
Address[] actualNewAddress = {null};
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer();
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails() {
@Override
public void setAddress(int employeeID, Address address) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
actualNewAddress[0] = address;
}
};
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings();
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
manager.setAddress(expectedEmployeeID, expectedNewAddress);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedNewAddress, actualNewAddress[0]);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
@Test
public void testGetAddressIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
Address expectedAddress = new TestAddress();
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer();
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails() {
@Override
public Address getAddress(int employeeID) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
return expectedAddress;
}
};
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings();
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
Address actualAddress = manager.getAddress(expectedEmployeeID);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedAddress, actualAddress);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
@Test
public void testSetPhoneNumberIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
String expectedNewPhone = "0123456789";
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
String[] actualNewPhone = {null};
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer();
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails() {
@Override
public void setPhoneNumber(int employeeID, String phoneNumber) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
actualNewPhone[0] = phoneNumber;
}
};
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings();
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
manager.setPhoneNumber(expectedEmployeeID, expectedNewPhone);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedNewPhone, actualNewPhone[0]);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
@Test
public void testGetPhoneNumberIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
String expectedPhone = "0123456789";
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer();
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails() {
@Override
public String getPhoneNumber(int employeeID) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
return expectedPhone;
}
};
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings();
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
String actualPhone = manager.getPhoneNumber(expectedEmployeeID);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedPhone, actualPhone);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
@Test
public void testSetSalaryIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
double expectedNewSalary = 1000;
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
double[] actualNewSalary = {0};
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer();
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails();
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings() {
@Override
public void setSalary(int employeeID, double salary) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
actualNewSalary[0] = salary;
}
};
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
manager.setSalary(expectedEmployeeID, expectedNewSalary);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedNewSalary, actualNewSalary[0], 0);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
@Test
public void testGetSalaryIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
double expectedSalary = 1000;
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer();
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails();
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings() {
@Override
public double getSalary(int employeeID) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
return expectedSalary;
}
};
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
double actualSalary = manager.getSalary(expectedEmployeeID);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedSalary, actualSalary, 0);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
@Test
public void testRaiseSalaryIsCorrectlyMapped() {
// Set the expected parameter & return values
double expectedAmount = 1000;
int expectedEmployeeID = 123;
// Retrieve the actual parameter & return values
double[] actualAmount = {0};
int[] actualEmployeeID = {0};
Employer employer = new TestEmployer();
EmployeeDetails details = new TestEmployeeDetails();
SalarySettings salarySettings = new TestSalarySettings() {
@Override
public void raiseSalary(int employeeID, double amount) {
actualEmployeeID[0] = employeeID;
actualAmount[0] = amount;
}
};
EmployeeManager manager = new EmployeeManager(employer, details, salarySettings);
manager.raiseSalary(expectedEmployeeID, expectedAmount);
// Test
assertEquals(expectedAmount, actualAmount[0], 0);
assertEquals(expectedEmployeeID, actualEmployeeID[0]);
}
}
At this point, the façade is tested as such. Only the deprecated constructor is not covered, so the coverage is not 100%. However, this is not an issue because it should disappear in the long term, at which time the coverage will be 100%. But before to remove it, we must refactor the code using it.


Not only do we sell many types of citrus trees such as Lemon, Lime, Sweet Orange, Blood Orange, Sour Orange, Mandarin, Satsuma, Tangelo, and Navel Orange , but we also have many different varieties of each.
Our Homemade Marmalades, refurbished furniture, china, glassware, pictures and many other small collectibles
We also carry avocado, pomegranate, Asian persimmons and Olive.
Planting in Ground
1.Choose your planting site. Trees should be planted 15 feet apart and 15 feet away from house or other large trees. Citrus trees do not like standing water. They prefer sandy soils. A site that receives full sun works best, but at least 50% sun is needed. Planting on the southern side of a house, lake or other structure that offers wind protection will help protect your tree from cold.
2.Clear away weeds and grass. Dig a hole 8 – 10 inches larger than the root ball of the tree.
3.IMPORTANT: Fill hole with water.
4.Remove tree from pot and place in water filled hole. Plant at the level it was grown in the nursery (the same level as the top of the root ball). Do not put the bud union (graft) below the soil.
5.Add soil back to the hole filling all air pockets under and around the root ball.
6.Newly planted trees should be watered regularly for the first three months, if rains are inadequate. The soil should dry down between watering.
7.DO NOT MIX FERTILIZER IN HOLE BEFORE PLANTING. Fertilize every 3 – 4 months (November, March, June, and August). Use a citrus fertilizer at a rate of 1 – 2 lbs. For every year of age. Fertilizer should be applied around drip line of tree. Do not put up next to the trunk. Fertilizer should contain minor elements, not just N-P-K. You can also use slow release fertilizer. Follow the instructions on the bag.
Planting in Containers – Choose a container that is 5 to 15 gallon size.
1.Select a soil mix. You want a well-drained soil, not heavy topsoil. We use 30% Canadian Peat and 70% composted Pine Bark. You can add sand if you want.We are a team of hard working people that will share with you, the secrets to planting, growing and harvesting citrus trees in Columbia, South Carolina.
Great knowlegable service with quality products.


Tycho Copyrights
Please don't check this file in with SCCS, or the SCCS variables will
not be visible.
Last Updated -[Sun Jul 2 23:12:11 1995 by cxh]-
All files should have copyrights. We use two different forms
of copyrights, a shorter one for interpreted files, and a
longer one for compiled files.
Please see the Tycho
style guide for further
details about copyrights
SCCS and copyrights
Currently we are using the %Q% (percentQpercent) sccs
directive to adjust the copyright dates automatically. The
copyright should have %Q% as the ending date of the copyright:
1990-%Q%
If you are setting up a new directory, then you should do:
sccs admin -fq1995 SCCS
to set the Q variable in the SCCS directory. Note that after
doing the sccs admin command, 'make sources' will check out
all the files in that directory. If you are adding a new
file, you can do:
sccs admin -fq1995 SCCS mynewfile.cc
See ~ptdesign/adm/copyrights
for the script that can automatically updated copyrights.
Copyright for interpreted files
Interpreted files, such as tcl files should have the following copyright
(Note that makefiles should not have this copyright, rather, they
should have the copyright for compiled files, since makefiles are
likely to actually be read)
# One line description of what is this file.
#
# Author: XXX
# Version: $Id$
#
# Copyright (c) %Q% The Regents of the University of California.
# All rights reserved.
# See the file $PTOLEMY/copyright for copyright notice,
# limitation of liability, and disclaimer of warranty provisions.
Next year we will need to change "%Q%" to 1995-%Q%, but I guess
the string is sufficiently unique that this should be OK.
Copyright for compiled files
Note that makefiles should have this style of copyright, except each line should start with a hash mark: #
/*
One line description of what is this file.
Author: XXX
Version: $Id$
Copyright (c) %Q% The Regents of the University of California.
All rights reserved.
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in all
copies of this software.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY
FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE
PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES,
ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
PT_COPYRIGHT_VERSION_2
COPYRIGHTENDKEY
*/


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I am a second year student at Hasan Kalyoncu University
GPA: 4.2
Youdevo, a team of entrepreneurial students, me and my friends are working to develop software and many branches.
I like to travel, spend time with my friends ,listen to music and research.watching movies is my favorite activity.I prefer to spend my free time with my friends by going to the movies or traveling to learn new places.


Grandma Can’t Buy Snacks For Grandkids, So She Hoards Fruits From Nursing Home For Them
by RenusharaTap to listen to this article instead: 🔊 Listen to Post
Grandmothers are God’s gift to grandchildren, mainly because they never ever let their grandkids go hungry. Well, technically, they’d never let their grand-kids go without completely stuffing them – period.
And they’ll do it even if they don’t have a penny in their pocket.
Netizen Hannah Lee Yeng recently took to the popular Facebook group, Subtle Asian Traits to showcase how her grandmother, who lives in a nursing home, has no money and lives with dementia, feeds her every time she visits her.
The nursing home that Hannah’s grandmother stays in serves a fruit with every meal. Instead of eating her fruit, Hannah’s grandmother keeps them in her room for when Hannah and her other grandchildren come to visit.
Hannah wrote, “My 97-year-old PohPoh invited me into her room at the nursing home to offer me some fruit. She used to give her grand-kids food and snacks but after she moved out of her home and into the nursing home she hasn’t had any money to buy us anything. She was so disappointed but found another way to feed us. I thought she saved me an apple from lunch but it turns out she’s been hoarding fruit for us.”
Hannah grandmother had chosen to stay at a nursing home because she valued her independence, but unfortunately, due to dementia, she had to be moved to higher care as those with dementia require around the clock care and a nursing home would be better suited for such situations.
But Hannah and her family, who are sad that their grandmother is unable to live with them, visit and spend time regularly with their grandma.
Hannah’s adorably sweet grandmother has since garnered the posting over 10,000 reactions.
Be right back, calling my grandmother, and you should too.
Also read: 97yo Grandma Earns a Living by Selling Fruits All by Herself Despite Being Weak & Fragile


*The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde* tells the story of a lawyer investigating the connection of two persons, Dr. Henry Jekyll and Mr. Edward Hyde. Chief among the novel's supporting cast is a man by the name of Mr. Poole, Dr. Jekyll's loyal butler.
-----
Poole is the butler for [Jekyll](http://jekyllrb.com), the static site generator. It's designed and developed by [@mdo](https://twitter.com/mdo) to provide a clear and concise foundational setup for any Jekyll site. It does so by furnishing a full vanilla Jekyll install with example layouts, pages, posts, and styles.
This demo site was last updated {{ site.time | date: "%B %d, %Y" }}.
There are currently two themes built on Poole:
* [Hyde](http://hyde.getpoole.com)
* [Lanyon](http://lanyon.getpoole.com)
Learn more and contribute on [GitHub]({{ site.github.repo }}).
## What's included
Poole is a streamlined Jekyll site designed and built as a foundation for building more meaningful themes. Poole, and every theme built on it like this one, includes the following:
* Complete Jekyll setup included (layouts, config, [404]({{ '404.html' | relative_url }}), [RSS feed]({{ 'atom.xml' | relative_url }}), posts, [archive page]({{ 'archive' | relative_url }}), and [example page]({{ 'about' | relative_url }}))
* Mobile friendly design and development
* Easily scalable text and component sizing with `rem` units in the CSS
* Support for a wide gamut of HTML elements
* Related posts (time-based, because Jekyll) below each post
* Syntax highlighting, courtesy Jekyll's built-in support for Rouge
Additional features are available in individual themes.
## Browser support
Poole and its themes are by preference a forward-thinking project. In addition to the latest versions of Chrome, Safari (mobile and desktop), Firefox, and Edge.
## Download
These themes are developed on and hosted with GitHub. Head to the [GitHub repository]({{ site.github.repo }}) for downloads, bug reports, and features requests.
Thanks!


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SortedSet
public struct SortedSet<Element: Comparable>: SetAlgebra
A sorted collection of unique comparable elements.
SortedSet
is like Set
in the standard library, but it always keeps its elements in ascending order.
Lookup, insertion and removal of any element has logarithmic complexity.
SortedSet
is a struct with copy-on-write value semantics, like Swift’s standard collection types.
It uses an in-memory b-tree for element storage, whose individual nodes may be shared with other sorted sets.
Mutating a set whose storage is (partially or completely) shared requires copying of only O(log(count
)) elements.
(Thus, mutation of shared SortedSet
s may be cheaper than ordinary Set
s, which need to copy all elements.)
Set operations on sorted sets (such as taking the union, intersection or difference) can take as little as O(log(n)) time if the elements in the input sets aren’t too interleaved.
See also
SortedBag
-
Create an empty set.
Declaration
Swift
public init()
-
Create a set from a finite sequence of items. The sequence need not be sorted. If the sequence contains duplicate items, only the last instance will be kept in the set.
Complexity
O(n * log(n)), where n is the number of items in the sequence.Declaration
Swift
public init<S: Sequence>(_ elements: S) where S.Iterator.Element == Element
-
Create a set from a sorted finite sequence of items. If the sequence contains duplicate items, only the last instance will be kept in the set.
Complexity
O(n), where n is the number of items in the sequence.Declaration
Swift
public init<S: Sequence>(sortedElements elements: S) where S.Iterator.Element == Element
-
Create a set with the specified list of items. If the array literal contains duplicate items, only the last instance will be kept.
Declaration
Swift
public init(arrayLiteral elements: Element...)
-
Returns the element at the given index.
Requires
index
originated from an unmutated copy of this set.Complexity
O(1)Declaration
Swift
public subscript(index: Index) -> Element
-
Return the subset consisting of elements in the given range of indexes.
Requires
The indices inrange
originated from an unmutated copy of this set.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public subscript(range: Range<Index>) -> SortedSet<Element>
-
The
past-the-end
element index; the successor of the last valid subscript argument.Complexity
O(1)Declaration
Swift
public var endIndex: Index
-
The number of elements in this set.
Declaration
Swift
public var count: Int
-
True iff this collection has no elements.
Declaration
Swift
public var isEmpty: Bool
-
Return an iterator over all elements in this map, in ascending key order.
Declaration
Swift
public func makeIterator() -> Iterator
-
Returns the successor of the given index.
Complexity
Amortized O(1).Declaration
Swift
public func index(after index: Index) -> Index
-
Replaces the given index with its successor.
Complexity
Amortized O(1).Declaration
Swift
public func formIndex(after index: inout Index)
-
Returns the predecessor of the given index.
Complexity
Amortized O(1).Declaration
Swift
public func index(before index: Index) -> Index
-
Replaces the given index with its predecessor.
Complexity
Amortized O(1).Declaration
Swift
public func formIndex(before index: inout Index)
-
Returns an index that is at the specified distance from the given index.
Requires
index
must be a valid index of this set. Ifn
is positive, it must not exceed the distance fromindex
toendIndex
. Ifn
is negative, it must not be less than the distance fromindex
tostartIndex
.Complexity
O(log(count)) where count is the number of elements in the set.Declaration
Swift
public func index(_ i: Index, offsetBy n: Int) -> Index
-
Offsets the given index by the specified distance.
Requires
index
must be a valid index of this set. Ifn
is positive, it must not exceed the distance fromindex
toendIndex
. Ifn
is negative, it must not be less than the distance fromindex
tostartIndex
.Complexity
O(log(count)) where count is the number of elements in the set.Declaration
Swift
public func formIndex(_ i: inout Index, offsetBy n: Int)
-
Returns an index that is at the specified distance from the given index, unless that distance is beyond a given limiting index.
Requires
index
andlimit
must be valid indices in this set. The operation must not advance the index beyondendIndex
or beforestartIndex
.Complexity
O(log(count)) where count is the number of elements in the set.Declaration
Swift
public func index(_ i: Index, offsetBy n: Int, limitedBy limit: Index) -> Index?
-
Offsets the given index by the specified distance, or so that it equals the given limiting index.
Requires
index
andlimit
must be valid indices in this set. The operation must not advance the index beyondendIndex
or beforestartIndex
.Complexity
O(log(count)) where count is the number of elements in the set.Declaration
Swift
public func formIndex(_ i: inout Index, offsetBy n: Int, limitedBy limit: Index) -> Bool
-
Returns the distance between two indices.
Requires
start
andend
must be valid indices in this set.Complexity
O(1)Declaration
Swift
public func distance(from start: Index, to end: Index) -> Int
-
Returns the element at
offset
from the start of the set.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public subscript(offset: Int) -> Element
-
Returns the subset containing elements in the specified range of offsets from the start of the set.
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public subscript(offsetRange: Range<Int>) -> SortedSet<Element>
-
Return the offset of
member
, if it is an element of this set. Otherwise, returnnil
.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func offset(of member: Element) -> Int?
-
Returns the offset of the element at
index
.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func index(ofOffset offset: Int) -> Index
-
Returns the index of the element at
offset
.Requires
offset >= 0 && offset < count
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func offset(of index: Index) -> Int
-
Call
body
on each element inself
in ascending order.Declaration
Swift
public func forEach(_ body: (Element) throws -> Void) rethrows
-
Return an
Array
containing the results of mapping transform overself
.Declaration
Swift
public func map<T>(_ transform: (Element) throws -> T) rethrows -> [T]
-
Return an
Array
containing the concatenated results of mappingtransform
overself
.Declaration
Swift
public func flatMap<S : Sequence>(_ transform: (Element) throws -> S) rethrows -> [S.Iterator.Element]
-
Return an
Array
containing the non-nil
results of mappingtransform
overself
.Declaration
Swift
public func flatMap<T>(_ transform: (Element) throws -> T?) rethrows -> [T]
-
Return an
Array
containing the elements ofself
, in ascending order, that satisfy the predicateincludeElement
.Declaration
Swift
public func filter(_ includeElement: (Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> [Element]
-
Return the result of repeatedly calling
combine
with an accumulated value initialized toinitial
and each element ofself
, in turn. I.e., returncombine(combine(...combine(combine(initial, self[0]), self[1]),...self[count-2]), self[count-1])
.Declaration
Swift
public func reduce<T>(_ initialResult: T, _ nextPartialResult: (T, Element) throws -> T) rethrows -> T
-
Return the smallest element in the set, or
nil
if the set is empty.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public var first: Element?
-
Return the largest element in the set, or
nil
if the set is empty.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public var last: Element?
-
Return the smallest element in the set, or
nil
if the set is empty.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func min() -> Element?
-
Return the largest element in the set, or
nil
if the set is empty.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func max() -> Element?
-
Return a copy of this set with the smallest element removed. If this set is empty, the result is an empty set.
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func dropFirst() -> SortedSet
-
Return a copy of this set with the
n
smallest elements removed. Ifn
exceeds the number of elements in the set, the result is an empty set.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func dropFirst(_ n: Int) -> SortedSet
-
Return a copy of this set with the largest element removed. If this set is empty, the result is an empty set.
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func dropLast() -> SortedSet
-
Return a copy of this set with the
n
largest elements removed. Ifn
exceeds the number of elements in the set, the result is an empty set.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func dropLast(_ n: Int) -> SortedSet
-
Returns a subset, up to
maxLength
in size, containing the smallest elements in this set.If
maxLength
exceeds the number of elements, the result contains all the elements ofself
.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func prefix(_ maxLength: Int) -> SortedSet
-
Returns a subset containing all members of this set at or before the specified index.
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func prefix(through index: Index) -> SortedSet
-
Returns a subset containing all members of this set less than or equal to the specified element (which may or may not be a member of this set).
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func prefix(through element: Element) -> SortedSet
-
Returns a subset containing all members of this set before the specified index.
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func prefix(upTo end: Index) -> SortedSet
-
Returns a subset containing all members of this set less than the specified element (which may or may not be a member of this set).
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func prefix(upTo end: Element) -> SortedSet
-
Returns a subset, up to
maxLength
in size, containing the largest elements in this set.If
maxLength
exceedsself.count
, the result contains all the elements ofself
.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func suffix(_ maxLength: Int) -> SortedSet
-
Returns a subset containing all members of this set at or after the specified index.
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func suffix(from index: Index) -> SortedSet
-
Returns a subset containing all members of this set greater than or equal to the specified element (which may or may not be a member of this set).
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func suffix(from element: Element) -> SortedSet
-
A textual representation of this set.
Declaration
Swift
public var description: String
-
A textual representation of this set, suitable for debugging.
Declaration
Swift
public var debugDescription: String
-
Return true if the set contains
element
.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func contains(_ element: Element) -> Bool
-
Returns the index of a given member, or
nil
if the member is not present in the set.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func index(of member: Element) -> BTreeIndex<Element, Void>?
-
Returns the index of the lowest member of this set that is strictly greater than
element
, ornil
if there is no such element.This function never returns
endIndex
. (If it returns non-nil, the returned index can be used to subscript the set.)Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func indexOfFirstElement(after element: Element) -> BTreeIndex<Element, Void>?
-
Returns the index of the lowest member of this set that is greater than or equal to
element
, ornil
if there is no such element.This function never returns
endIndex
. (If it returns non-nil, the returned index can be used to subscript the set.)Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func indexOfFirstElement(notBefore element: Element) -> BTreeIndex<Element, Void>?
-
Returns the index of the highest member of this set that is strictly less than
element
, ornil
if there is no such element.This function never returns
endIndex
. (If it returns non-nil, the returned index can be used to subscript the set.)Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func indexOfLastElement(before element: Element) -> BTreeIndex<Element, Void>?
-
Returns the index of the highest member of this set that is less than or equal to
element
, ornil
if there is no such element.This function never returns
endIndex
. (If it returns non-nil, the returned index can be used to subscript the set.)Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public func indexOfLastElement(notAfter element: Element) -> BTreeIndex<Element, Void>?
-
Return
true
iffself
andother
contain the same elements.This method skips over shared subtrees when possible; this can drastically improve performance when the two sets are divergent mutations originating from the same value.
Complexity
O(count
)Declaration
Swift
public func elementsEqual(_ other: SortedSet<Element>) -> Bool
-
Returns
true
iffa
contains the same elements asb
.This function skips over shared subtrees when possible; this can drastically improve performance when the two sets are divergent mutations originating from the same value.
Complexity
O(count
)Declaration
Swift
public static func ==(a: SortedSet<Element>, b: SortedSet<Element>) -> Bool
-
Returns
true
iff no members in this set are also included inother
.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public func isDisjoint(with other: SortedSet<Element>) -> Bool
- O(min(
-
Returns
true
iff all members in this set are also included inother
.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public func isSubset(of other: SortedSet<Element>) -> Bool
- O(min(
-
Returns
true
iff all members in this set are also included inother
, but the two sets aren’t equal.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets may be skipped instead of elementwise processing, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public func isStrictSubset(of other: SortedSet<Element>) -> Bool
- O(min(
-
Returns
true
iff all members inother
are also included in this set.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets may be skipped instead of elementwise processing, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public func isSuperset(of other: SortedSet<Element>) -> Bool
- O(min(
-
Returns
true
iff all members inother
are also included in this set, but the two sets aren’t equal.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets may be skipped instead of elementwise processing, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public func isStrictSuperset(of other: SortedSet<Element>) -> Bool
- O(min(
-
Insert a member into the set if it is not already present.
Returns
(true, newMember)
ifnewMember
was not contained in the set. If an element equal tonewMember
was already contained in the set, the method returns(false, oldMember)
, whereoldMember
is the element that was equal tonewMember
. In some cases,oldMember
may be distinguishable fromnewMember
by identity comparison or some other means.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func insert(_ newMember: Element) -> (inserted: Bool, memberAfterInsert: Element)
Return Value
(true, newMember)
ifnewMember
was not contained in the set. If an element equal tonewMember
was already contained in the set, the method returns(false, oldMember)
, whereoldMember
is the element that was equal tonewMember
. In some cases,oldMember
may be distinguishable fromnewMember
by identity comparison or some other means. -
Inserts the given element into the set unconditionally.
If an element equal to
newMember
is already contained in the set,newMember
replaces the existing element.Parameter
Parameter newMember: An element to insert into the set.Returns
The element equal tonewMember
that was originally in the set, if exists; otherwise,nil
. In some cases, the returned element may be distinguishable fromnewMember
by identity comparison or some other means.Declaration
Swift
public mutating func update(with newMember: Element) -> Element?
Parameters
newMember
An element to insert into the set.
Return Value
The element equal to
newMember
that was originally in the set, if exists; otherwise,nil
. In some cases, the returned element may be distinguishable fromnewMember
by identity comparison or some other means.
-
Remove the member from the set and return it if it was present.
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func remove(_ element: Element) -> Element?
-
Remove the member referenced by the given index.
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func remove(at index: Index) -> Element
-
Remove the member at the given offset.
Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func remove(atOffset offset: Int) -> Element
-
Remove and return the smallest member in this set, or return
nil
if the set is empty.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func popFirst() -> Element?
-
Remove and return the largest member in this set, or return
nil
if the set is empty.Complexity
O(log(count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func popLast() -> Element?
-
Remove all members from this set.
Declaration
Swift
public mutating func removeAll()
-
Return an
Array
containing the members of this set, in ascending order.SortedSet
already keeps its elements sorted, so this is equivalent toArray(self)
.Complexity
O(count
)Declaration
Swift
public func sorted() -> [Element]
-
Return a set containing all members in both this set and
other
.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public func union(_ other: SortedSet<Element>) -> SortedSet<Element>
- O(min(
-
Return a set consisting of all members in
other
that are also in this set.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public func intersection(_ other: SortedSet<Element>) -> SortedSet<Element>
- O(min(
-
Return a set consisting of members from
self
andother
that aren’t in both sets at once.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public func symmetricDifference(_ other: SortedSet<Element>) -> SortedSet<Element>
- O(min(
-
Add all members in
other
to this set.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public mutating func formUnion(_ other: SortedSet<Element>)
- O(min(
-
Remove all members from this set that are not included in
other
.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public mutating func formIntersection(_ other: SortedSet<Element>)
- O(min(
-
Replace
self
with a set consisting of members fromself
andother
that aren’t in both sets at once.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public mutating func formSymmetricDifference(_ other: SortedSet<Element>)
- O(min(
-
Return a set containing those members of this set that aren’t also included in
other
.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public func subtracting(_ other: SortedSet) -> SortedSet
- O(min(
-
Remove all members from this set that are also included in
other
.The elements of the two input sets may be freely interleaved. However, if there are long runs of non-interleaved elements, parts of the input sets will be simply linked into the result instead of copying, which can drastically improve performance.
Complexity
- O(min(
self.count
,other.count
)) in general. - O(log(
self.count
+other.count
)) if there are only a constant amount of interleaving element runs.
Declaration
Swift
public mutating func subtract(_ other: SortedSet)
- O(min(
-
Return the count of elements in this set that are in
range
.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public func count(elementsIn range: Range<Element>) -> Int
-
Return the count of elements in this set that are in
range
.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public func count(elementsIn range: ClosedRange<Element>) -> Int
-
Return a set consisting of all members in
self
that are also inrange
.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public func intersection(elementsIn range: Range<Element>) -> SortedSet<Element>
-
Return a set consisting of all members in
self
that are also inrange
.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public func intersection(elementsIn range: ClosedRange<Element>) -> SortedSet<Element>
-
Remove all members from this set that are not included in
range
.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func formIntersection(elementsIn range: Range<Element>)
-
Remove all members from this set that are not included in
range
.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func formIntersection(elementsIn range: ClosedRange<Element>)
-
Remove all elements in
range
from this set.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func subtract(elementsIn range: Range<Element>)
-
Remove all elements in
range
from this set.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func subtract(elementsIn range: ClosedRange<Element>)
-
Return a set containing those members of this set that aren’t also included in
range
.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func subtracting(elementsIn range: Range<Element>) -> SortedSet<Element>
-
Return a set containing those members of this set that aren’t also included in
range
.Complexity
O(log(self.count
))Declaration
Swift
public mutating func subtracting(elementsIn range: ClosedRange<Element>) -> SortedSet<Element>
-
Shift the value of all elements starting at
start
bydelta
. For a positivedelta
, this shifts elements to the right, creating an empty gap instart ..< start + delta
. For a negativedelta
, this shifts elements to the left, removing any elements in the rangestart + delta ..< start
that were previously in the set.Complexity
O(self.count
). The elements are modified in place.Declaration
Swift
public mutating func shift(startingAt start: Element, by delta: Element.Stride)


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Help
SensorNode
Edit services configuration
The project on github
https://github.com/gabrielklein/SensorNode.
Reboot your module:
Edit wireless settings
System
Edit configuration of the system
Test
Test the different possible sensors on your module
MQTT
MQTT is a way to send messages to a broker.


Module: SolidusSubscriptions::SubscriptionGenerator
- Extended by:
- SubscriptionGenerator
- Included in:
- SubscriptionGenerator
- Defined in:
- app/models/solidus_subscriptions/subscription_generator.rb
Defined Under Namespace
Classes: SubscriptionConfiguration
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#activate(subscription_line_items) ⇒ SolidusSubscriptions::Subscription
Create and persist a subscription for a collection of subscription line items.
-
#group(subscription_line_items) ⇒ Array<Array<SolidusSubscriptions::LineItem>>
Group a collection of line items by common subscription configuration options.
Instance Method Details
#activate(subscription_line_items) ⇒ SolidusSubscriptions::Subscription
Create and persist a subscription for a collection of subscription
line items
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |
# File 'app/models/solidus_subscriptions/subscription_generator.rb', line 16 def activate(subscription_line_items) return if subscription_line_items.empty? order = subscription_line_items.first.order subscription_attributes = { user: order.user, line_items: subscription_line_items, store: order.store, shipping_address: order.ship_address } Subscription.create!(subscription_attributes) do |sub| sub.actionable_date = sub.next_actionable_date end end |
#group(subscription_line_items) ⇒ Array<Array<SolidusSubscriptions::LineItem>>
Group a collection of line items by common subscription configuration options. Grouped subscription_line_items can belong to a single subscription.
41 42 43 44 45 46 |
# File 'app/models/solidus_subscriptions/subscription_generator.rb', line 41 def group(subscription_line_items) subscription_line_items.group_by do |li| subscription_configuration(li) end. values end |


Former Baltimore mayor pleads guilty to charges related to book sales
by Donna OwensBALTIMORE (Reuters) - Former Baltimore Mayor Catherine Pugh pleaded guilty on Thursday to tax evasion and other federal charges related to sales of a self-published children’s book as part of an illegal scheme to fund her election campaign.
Pugh entered the plea on two counts of tax evasion, and one count each of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and conspiracy to defraud the United States. She pleaded not guilty to charges of wire fraud.
The charges stem from sales of the book, “Healthy Holly” to a charity where Pugh served on the board. Prosecutors allege Pugh disguised the proceeds as donations to her mayoral election campaign and used some of the money to help her to purchase and renovate a house.
The former mayor appeared in a packed court room in Baltimore on Thursday afternoon dressed fashionably in dark clothing and flanked by her attorneys.
Pugh was elected to a four-year term to lead the city of Baltimore in 2016 after gaining prominence as a state lawmaker during protests over the 2015 death of a 25-year-old black man, Freddie Gray, while in police custody.
She resigned earlier this year as public pressure mounted over her role in the “Healthy Holly” scandal.


Yikes! There's a bigger difference between the straight-line distance and the distance traveled than I thought! I've found that it's easier if I make reservations for my accommodations a couple of days in advance, but this also means I have to figure out how far I'll want to go. This turns out to be a bit trickier than I thought.
By the time I post this, I should be near Royan, which is here:
To Agen
After the pigeonnier, I went to a place called Agen, where a lovely couple named Max and Martine let me stay with them. This was arranged through a British-originated website called “warmshowers,” which is a little like couchsurfing. It was nice to have dinner with Max and Martine, and hear about Max's time in Senegal. Unfortunately, it's a little labor-intensive to line up accomodations on Warmshowers – the web infrastructure isn't so good, and a lot of people who are listed as “available” aren't.
 Hopefully I'll get a picture of Max, Martine and me in the e-mail that I can put here, too.
Growing Raisins
The next day, I went to a chambre d'hôte (like a B&B, but not always with breakfast). It was just above La Réole, by which I mean 5km uphill. It turns out it was a vineyard, hosted by Regine and her husband. They offered a “small aperitif” to me and the two other guests, which somehow consisted of crémant (sparkling wine), salad, onion tart, rosé wine, ham and bread, cheese, coffee and cognac over the course of two hours. It also included the French sport of dinner conversation.
One of the guests, a Parisian who I assume was there to buy wine, said of the crémant “it's not so bad, this thing here” (c'est pas mal, ton truc). This generated a heated reply as to the superiority of Bordeau crémant as compared to Champaigne, ending with the Parisian guy saying “that's why I say it's not so bad, this thing here.” Looking at him, Regine asked me if we had a word in English for someone who's really annoying. “Yes,” I replied. “We call them Parisian.”
This was all on a vineyard, with grapes growing all around us. I was able to contribute, “What is it you're growing in your little garden here? Raisins?” (raisins secs in French). “Of course, in California we'd make wine; do you guys do that here, too?” It's important for everyone at the table to contribute to the verbal jousting. We also spent a fair amount of time talking about the kids today. The kids today! I tells ya.
They start training young for verbal combat. The next morning, a little girl in the family said “my cousin is being mean!” “Oh?” “And he used a bad word!” “What did he say?” “He said I was chiante” (annoying, but literally, excratory). “Was he correct?” “No, I'm not chiante.” “Well, that's good, then.”
I really hate asking to take pictures in moments like this, but the first picture is of that dinner. It got kind of dark. I put my cellphone light under the cognac bottle in the “système Burkiabè” - in Burkina Faso, I learned that you can make a nice table light by putting a cellphone flashlight under a water bottle. It works even better with cognac!
¡Ay Dios Mios!
Next, I went to Mios, which is just inland from Arcachon Bay - that's where my path joins the coast. I thought it was going to be about a 70km ride, total. Around noon, when I got to the part that's a converted railroad right of way, I saw a sign telling me I had 70.5 km to go. Oops! I think that made it over 100km (60 mi) that day. With the loaded Winnebago I'm riding, that's too far – I got to the place I had lined up at 7 PM, totally dead tired.
I got a room in a new house in a housing development, with Mélanie, Edouard, their kids and their dog. It was lovely. They are on Sarah Bernhardt street, but the city hasn't put up the street sign yet – after all, they've only been there two years! There's a gigantic E. LeClerc nearby, which is pretty much a Walmart, only with a HUGE wine area. Huge, I say.
Mélanie offered me dinner with the family, which was absolutely wonderful! I was totally ready to ride my bike the 2km to the E. Leclerc nearby, but talking to them was much nicer. Edouard is hoping to work in Toronto (in aviation) at some point – apparently, the aviation standards in Canada and France are closer than with the US. Of course, there's the small matter of their two kids, and the new house!
Camping
OK, so that's what a French “campground” is like. It has a bar, and a little snack restaurant. There are tents and campsites, but there are also mobile homes (named “O'hara”), and I saw someone using a moving van to move out of theirs. I think people go there and live for weeks or a month during the summer. My half a campsite for one night was €20, which was a special lower price for bicyclists. I was lulled to sleep by the sound of two competing discos in the distance. Back to nature it wasn't.
On to Royan
Saint-Georges-de-Didonne, actually, which is a bit south-east. It's a beach community, and seems fine. I'll be here for two nights, so I can recuperate a bit. So far, all I've seen is this water, and the beer in the second-to-last picture; dinner soon :-) I can' t get into my place until 8, and I got here at 5, so I've been able to catch up on my interwebs. I also got my phone set up so mobile data works. Yay!
I think it was about 80km from the campgroud to here, plus a short ferry ride. A lot of it was on a wonderful road that had been closed to cars. I made much better time on that than on the purpose-built bicycle paths. Those are narrow and kind of bumpy.
Royan is the place with the big orange X in the map on the last picture. the place with the big orange X in the map on the last picture.
Dinner
As to dinner, this is what thirty bucks will get you in Saint-Georges-de-Didonne. I've been dreaming of steak n' fries (steak pommes frites) for about 150 km now :-) This little brasserie was absolutely wonderful. True to the stereotype, things get friendlier once you get out of the Bordeaux area. I'll note that my hosts the other night, Mélanie and Edouard, weren't from Bordeaux. Indeed, they mentioned that it was hard to integrate in the area, because people are a bit standoffish. Come to think of it, the owner of the vineyard the night before was originally from Alsace…
I think I'll sleep in tomorrow.


RMI (Remote Method Invocation)
The RMI (Remote Method Invocation) is an API that provides a mechanism to create distributed application in java. The RMI allows an object to invoke methods on an object running in another JVM. The RMI provides remote communication between the applications using two objects stub and skeleton. Understanding stub and skeleton RMI uses stub and skeleton object for communication with the remote object. A remote object is an object whose method can be invoked from another JVM. Let's understand the stub and skeleton objects: stub The stub is an object, acts as a gateway for the client side. All the outgoing requests are routed through it. It resides at the client side and represents the remote object. When the caller invokes method on the stub object, it does the following tasks:
- It initiates a connection with remote Virtual Machine (JVM),
- It writes and transmits (marshals) the parameters to the remote Virtual Machine (JVM),
- It waits for the result
- It reads (unmarshals) the return value or exception, and
- It finally, returns the value to the caller.
skeleton The skeleton is an object, acts as a gateway for the server side object. All the incoming requests are routed through it. When the skeleton receives the incoming request, it does the following tasks:
- It reads the parameter for the remote method
- It invokes the method on the actual remote object, and
- It writes and transmits (marshals) the result to the caller.
In the Java 2 SDK, an stub protocol was introduced that eliminates the need for skeletons.
Understanding requirements for the distributed applications If any application performs these tasks, it can be distributed application. .
- The application need to locate the remote method
- It need to provide the communication with the remote objects, and
- The application need to load the class definitions for the objects.
The RMI application have all these features, so it is called the distributed application.
Java RMI Example The is given the 6 steps to write the RMI program.
- Create the remote interface
- Provide the implementation of the remote interface
- Compile the implementation class and create the stub and skeleton objects using the rmic tool
- Start the registry service by rmiregistry tool
- Create and start the remote application
- Create and start the client application
RMI Example In this example, we have followed all the 6 steps to create and run the rmi application. The client application need only two files, remote interface and client application. In the rmi application, both client and server interacts with the remote interface. The client application invokes methods on the proxy object, RMI sends the request to the remote JVM. The return value is sent back to the proxy object and then to the client application. 1) create the remote interface For creating the remote interface, extend the Remote interface and declare the RemoteException with all the methods of the remote interface. Here, we are creating a remote interface that extends the Remote interface. There is only one method named add() and it declares RemoteException.
2) Provide the implementation of the remote interface Now provide the implementation of the remote interface. For providing the implementation of the Remote interface, we need to
- Either extend the UnicastRemoteObject class,
- or use the exportObject() method of the UnicastRemoteObject class
In case, you extend the UnicastRemoteObject class, you must define a constructor that declares RemoteException.
3) create the stub and skeleton objects using the rmic tool. Next step is to create stub and skeleton objects using the rmi compiler. The rmic tool invokes the RMI compiler and creates stub and skeleton objects.
4) Start the registry service by the rmiregistry tool Now start the registry service by using the rmiregistry tool. If you don't specify the port number, it uses a default port number. In this example, we are using the port number 5000.
5) Create and run the server application Now rmi services need to be hosted in a server process. The Naming class provides methods to get and store the remote object. The Naming class provides 5 methods.
| public static java.rmi.Remote lookup(java.lang.String) throws java.rmi.NotBoundException, java.net.MalformedURLException, java.rmi.RemoteException; |
It returns the reference of the remote object. |
| public static void bind(java.lang.String, java.rmi.Remote) throws java.rmi.AlreadyBoundException, java.net.MalformedURLException, java.rmi.RemoteException; |
It binds the remote object with the given name. |
| public static void unbind(java.lang.String) throws java.rmi.RemoteException, java.rmi.NotBoundException, java.net.MalformedURLException; |
It destroys the remote object which is bound with the given name. |
| public static void rebind(java.lang.String, java.rmi.Remote) throws java.rmi.RemoteException, java.net.MalformedURLException; |
It binds the remote object to the new name. |
| public static java.lang.String[] list(java.lang.String) throws java.rmi.RemoteException, java.net.MalformedURLException; |
It returns an array of the names of the remote objects bound in the registry. |
In this example, we are binding the remote object by the name sonoo.
6) Create and run the client application At the client we are getting the stub object by the lookup() method of the Naming class and invoking the method on this object. In this example, we are running the server and client applications, in the same machine so we are using localhost. If you want to access the remote object from another machine, change the localhost to the host name (or IP address) where the remote object is located.
Output of this RMI example
Meaningful example of RMI application with database Consider a scenario, there are two applications running in different machines. Let's say MachineA and MachineB, machineA is located in United States and MachineB in India. MachineB want to get list of all the customers of MachineA application. Let's develop the RMI application by following the steps. 1) Create the table First of all, we need to create the table in the database. Here, we are using Oracle10 database.
2) Create Customer class and Remote interface File: Customer.java
Note: Customer class must be Serializable. File: Bank.java
3) Create the class that provides the implementation of Remote interface File: BankImpl.java
4) Compile the class rmic tool and start the registry service by rmiregistry tool
5) Create and run the Server File: MyServer.java
6) Create and run the Client File: MyClient.java
|


G.I. JANE
A Film Review by James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 6.5 Alternative Scale: **1/2 out of ****
United States, 1997 U.S. Release Date: 8/15/97 (wide) Running Length: 2:08 MPAA Classification: R (Profanity, violence, brief nudity) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1
Cast: Demi Moore, Viggo Mortensen, Anne Bancroft, Jason Beghe, Lucinda Jenny, Scott Wilson, David Vadim, Morris Chestnut, Josh Hopkins Director: Ridley Scott Producers: Ridley Scott, Roger Birnbaum, Demi Moore, and Suzanne Todd Screenplay: David Twohy and Danielle Alexandra Cinematography: Hugh Johnson Music: Trevor Jones U.S. Distributor: Hollywood Pictures
With a title like G.I. JANE, it would be easy to dismiss Ridley Scott's latest effort as exploitation fare. Such a reaction, however, would do the picture an injustice. On the other hand, the movie lacks the thematic depth that the film makers would like to attribute to it. Basically, this is a high-grade testosterone flick, which is ironic, considering that the lead actor is one of the 1990s' top female screen sex symbols, Demi Moore.
While G.I. JANE is admittedly effective at doing most of what it attempts, the problem lies in its lack of ambition. We've seen movies like this, about honor and courage in the military, since Hollywood discovered the war genre. Many of the trappings may be different, but, at its core, G.I. JANE isn't all that different from John Wayne's THE SANDS OF IWO JIMA. This film also owes more than a small debt to the acclaimed Richard Gere movie, AN OFFICER AND A GENTLEMAN. Anyone who has seen that picture, or any other like it (and there are a lot out there), will recognize every perfunctory and formulaic turn in G.I. JANE's script.
Moore is Lt. Jordan O'Neil, one of several "test cases" being used to challenge the military's "non-policy" about women in combat. O'Neil, who was denied the chance to fight in the Gulf War, has now been offered the unique opportunity of undergoing the grueling training necessary to become a Navy SEAL. It's a daunting task: 60% of those who start the program drop out, and those are men. Almost everyone, including Jordan's live-in boyfriend, Royce (Jason Beghe), expect her to fail. Her sponsor, Senator Lillian DeHaven (Anne Bancroft), has faith in her, however, and believes that if anyone can survive the training at Florida's Catalano Naval Base, it's O'Neil.
Looking to advance her career in the Navy, Jordan agrees to the challenge, but, from the moment she's introduced to her drill instructor, Command Master Chief John Urgayle (Viggo Mortensen), and the base commander, C.O. Salem (Scott Wilson), she begins to doubt her choice.  As the weeks wear on and O'Neil doesn't quit, she begins to make certain politicians nervous -- namely, those who were sure she wouldn't last through the training.
It seems like more than just six years since director Ridley Scott made THELMA AND LOUISE, and virtually another lifetime since he was responsible for the science fiction classics ALIEN and BLADE RUNNER. Recently, Scott's work has varied from moderately entertaining (WHITE SQUALL) to downright awful (the ill-advised 1492). G.I. JANE is not likely to inflate his sinking reputation. In fact, this is the kind of generic output we have come to expect from his brother, Tony.
Actually, if you strip away all of the details surrounding Scott's most recent films, WHITE SQUALL and G.I. JANE, you'll find that their naked plot skeletons look strikingly similar.  Each offers a hard-bitten authority figure whose apparently cruel lessons turn out to be invaluable. And both highlight the circumstances that build bonds between initially hostile or indifferent characters. Ultimately, it's possible to find numerous parallels between WHITE SQUALL and G.I. JANE, which may indicate that Scott has an affinity for this sort of material.
Of course, it's impossible to discuss this movie without mentioning its "issue": women's equality in the military. Unfortunately, the film's shallow (albeit sincere) treatment of the subject is more obligatory than thorough or thoughtful. And, although G.I. JANE avoids being overly preachy, it also doesn't offer any new or interesting insights, and doesn't come close to the level of intelligence displayed by last year's COURAGE UNDER FIRE in tackling a different aspect of the same issue. The movie's two main points, that there is no true equality in the military and that politicians will trade the moral high ground for political favors, are obvious.
With a buff physique that has to be the result of an aggressive training regimen, Demi Moore has the body of an action heroine. Unfortunately, the dramatic aspects of her performance are not impressive enough to eclipse her personality. Truly gifted actors quickly shed their own image in favor of the character's. In this case, however, we're consistently aware that this is Demi Moore playing Jordan O'Neil, rather than a unique individual come to life on the screen. We never forget the actress long enough to lose ourselves in the character, and this awareness limits G.I. JANE'S potential impact. The supporting cast, including Viggo Mortensen as O'Neil's drill instructor, Jason Beghe as her boyfriend, and Anne Bancroft as a senator, is solid.
With G.I. JANE, Scott has crafted an action/drama of passable entertainment value, but there's little here to astound or amaze any but the most casual or naive viewer. The movie does a reasonable job of engrossing an audience for two hours -- it's the kind of high energy, fast-paced film where you can guiltlessly root for the heroine to persevere -- but that's all it succeeds at. G.I. JANE is for those who prefer to cheer at the screen than be challenged by what's playing on it.
Copyright 1997 James Berardinelli
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ReelViews web site: http://www.cybernex.net/~berardin
"A film is a petrified fountain of thought." - Jean Cocteau
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