The units used here are precincts. The precinct and
congressional district shapefiles come from the Michigan Department of State
through the
State of Michigan GIS Open Data Portal. Demographic data at the block level are from
IPUMS NHGIS. Shapefiles for Michigan's
state house and senate districts were downloaded from the US Census Bureau's
TIGER/Line Program. Precinct level election data for 2016 were obtained from the
MIT Elections Data and Science Lab. The source shapefile for this module, along with additional information
about processing, is available for download from MGGG's GitHub organization
@mggg-states.


Scripts¶
Scripts directory contain some utility scirpts which are hard to classify into modules. They are listed here.
queryWikidataProperty¶
This script will make use of the direct data access offered by Wikidata and save them locally. You can find a copy of the data in the data/wikidataProperty/ directory.
import requests
from tqdm import tqdm
with requests.Session() as s:
for i in tqdm(range(8000)):
url = "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/P" + \
str(i) + ".json"
res = requests.get(url)
if res.status_code == 200:
with open("P"+str(i)+".json", "w") as fh:
fh.writelines(res.text)
if i % 200 == 0:
print("Finished {} runs".format(i))


@()(implicit request: RequestHeader, smtp: com.micronautics.Smtp, webJarsUtil: org.webjars.play.WebJarsUtil) @main("Please Check Your Email") {
You should already have received an email from @smtp.smtpFrom welcoming you to this site. Please click on the link in the email to verify your account. You will be directed to the log in page for this site after that.
Thanks for registering!
}


There are already numerous posts on the web that explain how to do parts of this. Unfortunately, few of them have all of the steps in one post. Windows services are great, but they ain't all that easy to install once you are done developing them.
The following assumes Visual Studio 2008.
To create a windows service:
Start a New VB Project
Select Windows
Select Windows Service
The once it's created, double click the service1.vb file in the project explorer (or whatever you want to name it).
There are only two sub routines in this file, OnStart() and OnStop(). There are comments inside each subroutine telling you how they should be used.
In order to debug this service, you need to add the following sub routine to the file:
Public Sub New()
' This call is required by the Windows Form Designer.
InitializeComponent()
' Add any initialization after the InitializeComponent() call.
If Debugger.IsAttached = True Then
Dim tempargs() As String
Me.OnStart(tempargs)
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite)
End If
End Sub
When you debug your service, you’ll actually be able to debug it like a regular console/winforms application. You can leave this code in the application when you release it, since it won’t run if there is no debugger attached.
Now comes the fun part. Services don’t install the regular way: Once you are done with your project, you need to add an Installer to your windows service project Open the designer for the service class. It will look something like this:
Right click somewhere in the gray area and select Add Installer:
Give it a NAME! Don’t leave it as Installer1.vb. Call it Install.vb or something like that. Double click your new install file (it’s in the solution explorer) and look at the designer view. You should see a message stating that you should add components. Right click the tool box and select “Choose Items”
Wait a while so that VS can come up with the list of components. This make take a bit. There’s no progress bar so you’ll just have to wait.
Once the list comes up, scroll down to the S’es and select ServiceInstaller and ServiceProcessInstaller. Click okay and you should see them in your tool box.
- Drag a ServiceInstaller to the Designer
- Drag a ServiceProcessInstaller to the Designer
- Click on the ServiceProcessInstaller1 control
- Make sure the Parent Property is set to the name of your Installer Class (It’s the installer file you added to the solution explorer). If you click Parent you should see a drop down list of classes. Choose the installer class you added.
- Click the ServiceInstaller1 control
- Make sure the Parent Property is set to the name of your Installer Class (It’s the installer file you added to the solution explorer). If you click Parent you should see a drop down list of classes. Choose the installer class you added.
- Type the description of the service. (This will show up in the Services MMC window with all the other installed services).
- Type the DisplayName. (This will show up in the Services MMC window with all the other installed services).
- Type the ServiceName. (I believe this is the name of the process that will show up in Task Manager)
- Set the Startup Type (Automatic, Manual or Disabled) You’ll probably want Automatic.
- Change the compile option from Debug to Release.
- Now you are ready to compile and install.
- Build the application. Do no publish it.
- Make sure that the server you will run this on has .NET 3.5 SP1. If it does not, you’ll have to install it on that server before continuing.
- Copy your release directory to that server.
- RDP to that server and open a command prompt.
- Change directory to C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727
- That is not a mistake, it should be the v2 directory.
- Run the following command:
- Installutil.exe (followed by the path to the exe you setup in step 13).
- If you selected the service to run as a User you’ll get a pop up asking for the user credentials.
If everything installed correctly, you should see a bunch of text that ends with this:
Open up the Services MMC and you should see your service installed.
Be sure to start it.
There you go. Now you can run windows services instead of constantly writing console applications that are fired off every five minutes from the Windows Task Scheduler.


Every move through the grid can be described by a digit. So the path of the white circle can be encoded to a sequence of digits.
Guess the right path to make "Your Code" the same as the "Target Code".

The path is encoded into a sequence of numbers as follows :
For example, the sequence 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 corresponds to displacements right, down, right, right, up, right, down.
The full path corresponding to the objective sequence is :
The path is encoded into a sequence of numbers as follows :
For example, the sequence 1 2 3 2 1 1 0 corresponds to displacements right, down, left, down, right, right, up.
The full path corresponding to the objective sequence is :
The path is encoded into a sequence of numbers as follows :
For example, the sequence 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 corresponds to displacements advance, advance, right, advance, left, left, advance.
The full path corresponding to the objective sequence is :


Streamline your business, help grow it. We offer you with the power of advertising to build your dreams.
Get StartedWork with campaign even on the go with responsive interfaces, and mobile responsive templates look professional
Better reporting with real time data, get reporting for the campaign and imporve your business
Maximum success rate of email reach, never miss a customer and build your reputation develop your business.
Imporve the way you run the business with the data provided, help shaping your business better.


Personal data
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You are
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Выберите страну
Russia
City
Ryazan
Moscow
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title
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WebMaster
DataBase Administrator
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EconomicPlanning
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Budgating and Planning
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Tell us about yourself....
Contact Information
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Email
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INTRODUCTION
What about MQTT?
Have you heard about MQTT? Hope you have, but if you haven’t, don’t worry you’ll be hearing more about it in the next months since it’s becoming popular.
MQTT is the most popular protocol used for IoT (internet of things) but don’t get confused, MQTT isn’t only for IoT, as it is a protocol it can be used in most of the communication situations, like TCP/IP does, but there are some great things that becomes MQTT special and unique to solve a communication problem.
History
MQTT was born in the IBM labs in 1999, when they faced a situation where they needed to save battery energy and use minimal bandwidth communication for a satellite connection. MQTT has a long story about its supposed acronym meanning, but what you should know about it, is: that the acronym does not exists anymore and you should only call it MQTT. Courious fact: I know about MQTT because of its acronym meanning that comes from an old IBM product called “MQ Series” that uses this “Telemetry Transport” protocol.
Well, after some history we can pass to a more excited section that defines to us the MQTT protocol.
What really is MQTT?
MQTT is a lightweightm, open, simple and easy to implement Client Server publish/subscribe messaging transport protocol.
“lightweight” because is binary and it has only minimal packet overhead.
“open” because since it became standard, the OASIS open organization took it under their tutelage.
“simple” because is extremely easy to implement in the client side.
Therfore, it was created to run over constrained devices with limited resources.
Ta, Tan! Yep, these are the things that makes MQTT special. Think on these 3 things, related to the constrained and limited devices. First, the devices, what kind of devices are limited? a Microwave, a Refrigerator, a Watch, etc., ok then start thinking, why you want to communicate your microwave or refrigerator to other devices more complex and less limited? Because we’re in the XXI century and we’re smart people and we’re programmers and someone has invented a lightweight and simple protocol to do that and taking in account all of these reasons, just because we want smart houses, smart cities and change the world, so please start thinking on this when you want to learn more about MQTT and you want to use it to solve a communication problem.
In the next post I’ll tell you more about the Client Server and publish/subscribe transport protocol.


Carlton CoderDojo Mother's Day!
Happy Mother's Day to all the mums out there!
Some of our Ninjas prepared a suprise message for you.
Please check projects below to find your message :)
MESSAGE TO NINJAS:
Links for Ninjas to use in their projects:
-
Start with a basic html template.
- Add an image , you can choose an image from
mother's day collection.
- Add a List of things you love about your mum.
- Write message to your mum in a cool bubble message.
- Share some of your favourite things online with your mum via link tag.
- Add something more fancy from a collection of html snippets that can be included in your page.
Let your imagination go wild!
Happy coding :)


--- layout: default title: Inertia Creations path: success ---
Thank you for your message. We will get back to you as soon as possible and look forward to speaking with you.


---
title: Blue Ridge Brawl Offseason FRC Event
date: Friday, October 4, 2019
end_date: Saturday, October 5, 2019
---
The Blue Ridge Brawl is an offseason FRC event hosted by Spartan Robotics (FRC 5724).
It is located at
Salem High School, 400 Spartan Drive, Salem, VA 24153
and is free and open to the public for spectators (on Saturday). The registration fee for teams
to compete is $300.
Load-in will be Friday evening and the competition will take place Saturday.
Please see
https://shsrobotics.us/brb
for more information.
The event's The Blue Alliance page can be found here:
https://www.thebluealliance.com/event/2019vabrb


Jeff Hodgens
Hey there.
My name is Jeff and I create content.
I'm currently the the Associate Director of Content Development and Brand Alignment for CHOC Foundation, but I've been known to make content for other non-profits and events too - like
The Wyland Foundation and the The CHOC Walk in the Park presented by Disneyland Resort.
Here is my resume.
Feel free to send me an email.
Jeff


--- title: Unwindowed datasets keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "This functionality will allow you to create a dataset that applies sliding windows to the input data on the fly. This heavily reduces the size of the input data files, as only the original, unwindowed data needs to be stored." description: "This functionality will allow you to create a dataset that applies sliding windows to the input data on the fly. This heavily reduces the size of the input data files, as only the original, unwindowed data needs to be stored." nb_path: "nbs/002b_data.unwindowed.ipynb" ---
def y_func(y): return y.astype('float').mean(1)
This approach works with both univariate and multivariate data.
X0 = np.arange(20)
X1 = np.arange(20).reshape(1, -1)
X0.shape, X0, X1.shape, X1
X2 = np.arange(20).reshape(-1,1)*np.array([1, 10, 100]).reshape(1,-1)
X3 = np.arange(20).reshape(1,-1)*np.array([1, 10, 100]).reshape(-1,1)
X2.shape, X3.shape, X2, X3
Now, instead of applying SlidingWindow to create and save the time series that can be consumed by a time series model, we can use a dataset that creates the data on the fly. In this way we avoid the need to create and save large files. This approach is also useful when you want to test different sliding window sizes, as otherwise you would need to create files for every size you want to test.The dataset will create the samples correctly formatted and ready to be passed on to a time series architecture.
wds0 = TSUnwindowedDataset(X0, window_size=5, stride=2, seq_first=True)[:][0]
wds1 = TSUnwindowedDataset(X1, window_size=5, stride=2, seq_first=False)[:][0]
test_eq(wds0, wds1)
wds0, wds0.data, wds1, wds1.data
wds2 = TSUnwindowedDataset(X2, window_size=5, stride=2, seq_first=True)[:][0]
wds3 = TSUnwindowedDataset(X3, window_size=5, stride=2, seq_first=False)[:][0]
test_eq(wds2, wds3)
wds2, wds3, wds2.data, wds3.data


All functions
|
|
DEGSet() DEGSet() as.DEGSet()
|
DEGSet |
|
DEGreport-package
|
Deprecated functions in package DEGreport |
|
createReport()
|
Create report of RNAseq DEG anlaysis |
|
deg()
|
Method to get all table stored for an specific comparison |
|
degCheckFactors()
|
Distribution of gene ratios used to calculate Size Factors. |
|
degColors()
|
Make nice colors for metadata |
|
degComps()
|
Automatize the use of results() for multiple comparisons |
|
degCorCov()
|
Calculate the correlation relationshipt among all covariates
in the metadata table |
|
degCovariates()
|
Find correlation between pcs and covariates |
|
degDefault()
|
Method to get the default table to use. |
|
degFilter()
|
Filter genes by group |
|
degMA()
|
MA-plot from base means and log fold changes |
|
degMB()
|
Distribution of expression of DE genes compared to the background |
|
degMDS()
|
Plot MDS from normalized count data |
|
degMV()
|
Correlation of the standard desviation and the mean of the abundance of a
set of genes. |
|
degMean()
|
Distribution of pvalues by expression range |
|
degMerge()
|
Integrate data comming from degPattern into one data object |
|
degObj()
|
Create a deg object that can be used to plot expression values
at shiny server:runGist(9930881) |
|
degPCA()
|
smart PCA from count matrix data |
|
degPatterns()
|
Make groups of genes using expression profile. |
|
degPlot()
|
Plot top genes allowing more variables to color and shape points |
|
degPlotCluster()
|
Plot clusters from degPattern function output |
|
degPlotWide()
|
Plot selected genes on a wide format |
|
degQC()
|
Plot main figures showing p-values distribution and mean-variance correlation |
|
degResults()
|
Complete report from DESeq2 analysis |
|
degSignature()
|
Plot gene signature for each group and signature |
|
degSummary()
|
Print Summary Statistics of Alpha Level Cutoffs |
|
degVB()
|
Distribution of the standard desviation of
DE genes compared to the background |
|
degVar()
|
Distribution of pvalues by standard desviation range |
|
degVolcano()
|
Create volcano plot from log2FC and adjusted pvalues data frame |
|
geneInfo
|
data.frame with chromose information for each gene |
|
geom_cor()
|
Add correlation and p-value to a ggplot2 plot |
|
humanGender
|
DGEList object for DE genes betwen Male and Females |
|
significants()
|
Method to get the significant genes |


Open Retail
Add Product
Catalog
My Order
Catalog
This is a row of cards.
This row of cards is embedded in an X-Y Block Grid.
Buy
This is a row of cards.
This row of cards is embedded in an X-Y Block Grid.
Buy


This project shows a progression from the most basic express-based nodejs app to a testable project using requirejs to share code between the client and the server.
Setup
First, set up node to be in development mode:
source env_vars.sh
(usually you don't want to put your environment variables in your repository, but this is an example app, with no sensitive environment variables)
Next, install all required node modules:
npm install
Lastly, ensure that mocha is available on the command line by installing it globally:
sudo npm install -g mocha
Example #1
node src/1.\ anonymous/app.js
Hit http://localhost:3000 in your browser... Note that we use res.send which takes the object you pass it and renders it into JSON for the browser. This makes it really easy to create APIs for AJAX calls - javascript is really good at consuming JSON.
The key change in this example is that the endpoint handler has been factored into a separate file and object so that it can be tested outside of a full web server. With this method you can much more quickly test a lot of interesting cases without pulling up your web browser or another tool.
Example #3
node src/3.\ class/app.js
Check out http://localhost:3000... now we're using moment.js to print out the time with a nice format. We're also constructing Routes as a class instead of a raw object - it has a constructor and a method added to its prototype object. This is javascript prototype inheritance.
Now let's run its tests:
mocha src/3.\ class/test.js
This time we're running two tests, and we're using sinon.js to replicate error conditions by replacing the moment object inside of the Routes class. This is called dependency injection, and is especially useful if the execution of the code would have consequences, like sending a text message or sending a request to another application.
Example #4
First let's run tests:
mocha src/4.\ sharing\ code/both/test.js
Like before, we're running tests on a class. But this time, the files are organized into three categories: server, client and both. As you might expect, these folders describe where this code runs. This test will also run in the browser.
To do that, first run the server:
node src/4.\ sharing\ code/server/app.js
Now at http://localhost:3000 we're using a jade template to render an HTML page to the browser. The page uses require.js to pull down a set of javascript files, and then gives you a link to run the same tests we just ran on the command line.
The keys to his configuration are:
we use the amdefine node module to replicate requirejs behavior on the server side
we configure require.js to provide javascript files when we request node modules like moment
we ensure that any relative pathing is correct. node that test.js refers to './logic.js' in the same directory. As long as this is preserved in what is offered to the web, it will work.
For production, r.js and almond.js can be used to eliminate the requirejs runtime and create standalone concatenated and optimized files for the client. Maybe if someone is really nice I'll provide that example next. :0)
Happy coding!
License
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2013 Scott Nonnenberg<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
learn-node
This project shows a progression from the most basic express-based nodejs app to a testable project using requirejs to share code between the client and the server.
Setup
First, set up node to be in development mode:
(usually you don't want to put your environment variables in your repository, but this is an example app, with no sensitive environment variables)
Next, install all required node modules:
Lastly, ensure that mocha is available on the command line by installing it globally:
Example #1
Hit http://localhost:3000 in your browser... Note that we use
res.send
which takes the object you pass it and renders it into JSON for the browser. This makes it really easy to create APIs for AJAX calls - javascript is really good at consuming JSON.Example #2
Again, hit http://localhost:3000 in your browser...
Now, for something new! Run its tests:
The key change in this example is that the endpoint handler has been factored into a separate file and object so that it can be tested outside of a full web server. With this method you can much more quickly test a lot of interesting cases without pulling up your web browser or another tool.
Example #3
Check out http://localhost:3000... now we're using moment.js to print out the time with a nice format. We're also constructing Routes as a class instead of a raw object - it has a constructor and a method added to its prototype object. This is javascript prototype inheritance.
Now let's run its tests:
This time we're running two tests, and we're using sinon.js to replicate error conditions by replacing the moment object inside of the Routes class. This is called dependency injection, and is especially useful if the execution of the code would have consequences, like sending a text message or sending a request to another application.
Example #4
First let's run tests:
Like before, we're running tests on a class. But this time, the files are organized into three categories: server, client and both. As you might expect, these folders describe where this code runs. This test will also run in the browser.
To do that, first run the server:
Now at http://localhost:3000 we're using a jade template to render an HTML page to the browser. The page uses require.js to pull down a set of javascript files, and then gives you a link to run the same tests we just ran on the command line.
The keys to his configuration are:
moment
For production, r.js and almond.js can be used to eliminate the requirejs runtime and create standalone concatenated and optimized files for the client. Maybe if someone is really nice I'll provide that example next. :0)
Happy coding!
License
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2013 Scott Nonnenberg<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


[§514B-62] Deposit of fees. Unless otherwise provided in this chapter, all fees collected under this chapter shall be deposited by the director of commerce and consumer affairs to the credit of the compliance resolution fund established pursuant to section 26‑9(o). [L 2005, c 93, pt of §3]


Read an archive meta data
This will list all entry data when loaded
Try it on these archives that contain images:
example.rar
example.tar
example.zip


By the term ambulatory automatism is understood a pathological syndrome appearing in the form of intermittent attacks during which the patient, carried away by an irresistible impulse, leaves his home and makes an excursion or journey justified by no reasonable motive. The attack ended, the subject unexpectedly finds himself on an unknown road or in a strange town. Swearing by all the gods never again to quit his penates, he returns home but sooner or later a new attack provokes a new escapade. 1
Ambulatory automatism, by whatever name--dromomanie, poriomenie, Wandertrieb, determinismo ambulatorio, psychogenic fugue, or, in the parlance of the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, dissociative fugue--is exemplary for, even a caricature of, late century madness. It is also a distorting mirror of one of the middle class obsessions of the modern world, the world of Thomas Cook and Son, the world of the comfortable traveller. For les alienés voyageurs--to use the title of the first medical thesis about these men--were compulsive travellers, solid artisans or honest men of the laboring classes, who on hearing the name of a distant place would set out, on foot, or by fourth class carriage, not knowing why they went. So far as casual passers-by could tell, they behaved, en route, quite sensibly, yet they knew not what they were doing, or, in some cases, who they were. That is the prototype. 2 Rich men had fugues, and so did knaves, but the central examples for nineteenth-century fugue were humble, decent men, who remained humble and decent on their deliberate yet unwanted trips, of which they later had almost no memory. Hysteria has been called the body language of female powerlessness. Fugue was a body language of male powerlessness.
Fugueurs did not wander. They travelled with perseverance, in a straight line, so to speak. At the end of 1899 a Swiss psychologist published a once famous book about a middle-class medium, hysteria, and multiple-personality: From India to the Planet Mars. 3 This captured the imagination of a public already dedicated to spiritualism and Thomas Cook. Fugueurs, who were usually men of a more humble station in life, did not get to Mars, but they got to India, to Moscow, to Algiers, or to Constantinople, although most were more modest in their purposeful meaningless expeditions. Fugueurs felt compelled, and were fixated on a single idea, a destination, a variant, as would once have been said, of an idée fixe. They had but one idea, and yet when we look back at them a century later, a whole cornucopia of ideas tumbles out. I shall manage to discuss, under the single heading of fugue, not only hysteria but also multiple personalty, epilepsy, hypnosis, the military, the vagrancy scare (or homeless men in the 1890s), the police, anti-Semitism (wandering Jews), photography, art collectors, archaeology, the bicycle, the Olympic Games, and Proust. People have gone on strange unmotivated trips forever, but at the time when fugue became a medical entity, we had truly become modern.
Ambulatory automatism is an extreme example of a modern malady. It is not quite extinct. It is parlous to identify any clinical diagnosis of current psychiatric medicine with a mental illness from times gone by. Who will say which complaints today match the florid hysteria of the late nineteenth century? But plainly the official American definition of dissociative fugue in 1994 was a lineal descendant of the slightly more colorful definition of my epigraph, stated in Birdhouse a century earlier:
A. The predominant disturbance is sudden, unexpected travel away from home or one's customary place of work, with inability to recall one's past.
B. Confusion about personal identity or assumption of new identity (partial or complete).
C. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of Dissociative Identity Disorder (the new name for multiple personality disorder) and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., temporal lobe epilepsy).
D. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. 4
The 1992 guidelines of the World Health Organization often sound more sensible to the lay person than those of the American Psychiatric Association. There we find a greater emphasis on amnesia. "For a definite diagnosis," we are told, "there should be":
(a) the features of dissociative amnesia;
(b) purposeful travel beyond the usual everyday range (the differentiation between travel and wandering must be made by those with local knowledge); and
(c) maintenance of self care (eating, washing, etc.) and simple social interaction with strangers (such as buying tickets or petrol, asking directions, ordering meals). 5
ICD-10 further explains that "although there may be amnesia for the period of the fugue, the individual's behaviors during this time may appear completely normal to independent observers."
A first respect in which dissociative fugue is exceptional is that hardly any psychiatrist in the world today maintains that it is an autonomous, free-standing mental illness. "Fugue episodes" are taken to be symptoms or behaviors associated with other psychological or neurological problems. Yet if you turn to the cited page in the standard, up-to-date American DSM-IV, or European ICD-10, there it is, as if dissociative fugue were something you could simply have, like measles. This 1994 diagnosis is a curious historical relic, grandfathered from a past that psychiatrists have forgotten, the fugue epidemic of the 1890s.
Ambulatory automatism really was more autonomous in its homeland, France, in a precisely defined period, 1887-1909. I am content to make too fine a dating, in order to highlight how specific the ailment was. The first celebrated case of fugue as a complaint in itself was written up, in Bordeaux, in 1887. 6 Albert, the central example, was an extraordinary compulsive traveller, who, like the other men in his family, was employed by the local gas company. The last extended discussion was at a psychiatric conference held in Nantes in 1909--a conference with two themes, fugue and desertion from the army. 7 This was no accidental putting together of two topics for a single meeting. In order to gain acquittals for some of the hapless conscripts who deserted in peacetime, military doctors would diagnose them as fugueurs.
We see from the ICD-10 definition that fugue is, among other things, a curious special case of the topic so well studied by Michael Roth--forgetting. 8 We may even wonder why fugue is not simply a species of amnesia--amnesia with travelling. The distinction is enforced at present, by both ICD-10 and DSM-IV, not because fugue is somehow an independent disorder, but because of how fugue and ambulatory automatism emerged as a distinct disorder in the late nineteenth century. And here we have to note another remarkable fact, that the psychiatric profession itself exhibits a kind of collective amnesia. There is now a distinct diagnosis, fugue, only because of what happened a century ago. Dozens upon dozens of cases of fugue were published in France alone between 1887 and 1909, and there have been excellent recent survey articles in the psychiatric literature, running through past cases. Yet in the present systematic literature all but two of the nineteenth-century studies have been lost, forgotten, abandoned. 9
For the primarily European ICD-10, the main problem for people with dissociative disorders is amnesia. For the American DSM-IV, the main problem is multiple personalty. 10 DSM-IV reminds us that fugue was not only a disorder of forgetting but also, to a lesser extent, a disorder of personal identity: "Confusion about personal identity or assumption of new identity (partial or complete)." A definition is used to keep dissociative fugue distinct from dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality). A mere definition cannot draw a sharp line between the two types of behavior, either now or a century ago. Although complete identity confusion was rare, in the 1890s, there was usually, during a fugue, at most a foggy sense of who one was. In particular, the fugueur tended to lose touch with exactly those facts that bureaucrats use to identify us: proper name, place of birth, domicile, married or single?, relatives, educational history, job. Compulsory identity cards had not yet been introduced. Fugueurs crossing borders would commonly carry some sort of passport, but, it seems, simply as a way to cross borders, not as a token of identity.
Yet there is a fundamental difference between fugue and multiple personality. You seldom find it stated explicitly in summaries of clinical experience, although it might be smuggled in under the discreet heading of "Epidemiology." The fact is that multiples are women. Fugueurs are men.
Today there is a great cry among those who treat the dissociative disorders: "Where are the men with multiple personalities?" 11 This is because nine out of ten diagnosed multiples are women. Why is this a question at all? Is a disorder stigmatized by being "female"? Or is it rather that the practitioners fear that the fact that nearly all recent multiples have been women will be used as a ground for arguing that the disorders have been suggested to their patients? Or that multiple personality, like hysteria long ago, is less of a mental illness than a confused expression of female powerlessness? At any rate, there has for some years been a popular explanation for the missing male multiples. They are, it is claimed, not in the mental health system, but in the criminal justice system. Or, as we say in English, they are in jail.
One hundred years ago, it was also true that most persons diagnosed with multiple personality were women. But there was an easy answer to the question "where are the men?" The male multiples were out on trips. On my account, almost exactly nine in ten fugueurs were men. The 1907 presidential address to the American Neurological Association stated the matter more strongly. In the course of arguing that ambulatory automatism was a type of hysteria, the speaker observed that:
Early on in my investigations I was struck by the enormous preponderance of men. In the very considerable number of reported cases, I have found only two women. . . . Why no ambulatory automatism in women? . . . It is quite natural that a hysterical woman should not go off on a long and complicated journey but, for her attack, should have one of the "regular" manifestations of the disease. 12
Quite natural, indeed. Fugue is here seen as a male expression of hysteria, a type of expression that it would be improper or dangerous for a woman to adopt. It was no literary trope to say that fugue is the body language of male powerlessness: here our neurologist implies the same thing. Fugue was at the literal cutting-edge of hysteria. A chief diagnostic issue, in 1890, was whether or not ambulatory automatism was a type of hysteria or a type of epilepsy. The happy hyphen in the then-common diagnosis, hystero-epilepsy, has to be severed. A case of fugue had to be either hysterical or epileptic. Hystero-epilepsy was replaced by hysteria/epilepsy, with a sharp divide between them.
This is in itself a remarkable small tale in the history of psychiatry. It is well known that although Charcot by no means originated the notion of male hysteria, he did legitimate and popularize it. He is also the man who gave us the label, ambulatory automatism. So we might expect him to say that his men who took irrational journeys confirmed the idea of male hysteria. Not at all. Charcot fiercely and firmly diagnosed latent epilepsy. Even when there were no seizures, and no family history, the trips of a man afflicted with automatisme ambulatoire were "epileptic equivalents." I won't do more than mention a couple of his arguments here.
Charcot was a neurologist. He believed that hysteria was part of a structure of hereditary defects, which could also include epilepsy and alcoholism. It was produced by occasioning causes. In women these could be emotional or moral, but in men the causes were physical trauma, typically either injury to the head, neck or spinal column; poisoning by industrial or artisanal use of lead, mercury, or silver; or alcohol. Charcot's fugueurs had no history of physical trauma, ergo, they were not hysterical. He confirmed that as fact by clinical questioning, a practice which, we are today convinced, could at his hands incite or remove symptoms of hysteria at the dictates of theory. In addition to his clinical analysis, Charcot also claimed that his men stopped travelling when given large doses of sodium bromide, a specific for epilepsy, and largely worthless for hysteria. He was in fact wrong about that: his classic patient wandered off, never to be seen again, when stuffed full of bromide. Whatever the merit of his arguments, he put in place a little paradigm: ambulatory automatism is latent epilepsy.
According to DSM-IV, dissociative fugue by definition cannot be frontal lobe epilepsy. ICD-10 states more carefully that:
Differentiation from post-ictal fugue, seen particularly after temporal lobe epilepsy, is usually clear because of the history of epilepsy, the lack of stressful events or problems, and the less purposeful and more fragmented activities and travel of the epileptic. [ICD-10, 155]
Hence my claim that today's diagnosis of dissociative fugue is the lineal descendant of ambulatory automatism looks suspect. Charcot, after all, argued that ambulatory automatism is latent epilepsy (but the travels of his own favorite patient were, contra ICD-10, thoroughly purposeful). However, there was another, anti-Charcotian, little paradigm set up in Birdhouse the year before Charcot invented the very phrase "ambulatory automatism." The Birdhouse fugueurs had many of the florid symptoms of hysteria, such as restricted fields of vision, partial anaesthesias, inexplicable headaches, trance preceded by globus, and exceptional suggestibility. Above all, although they usually could not remember where they travelled, they could recall many specific details under hypnosis. Hypnosis and hysteria had been firmly joined by Charcot himself. The recovery of lost itineraries by hypnosis was standard and striking. This proved--in the second little paradigm--that fugue was a type of hysteria.
So two stories were in circulation about fugueurs--they were epileptics, or they were hysterics. Instances of both types of men were adduced by rival parties. After Charcot died in 1893, all but his most faithful acolytes climbed on the hysteria bandwagon. Sage opinion had it that there were two types of fugue, but that most fugueurs could be expected to be hysterical rather than epileptic. 13 That did not last long. Fugue was found among an extraordinary range of mental illnesses, and finally within that new German diagnosis, dementia praecox itself. Fugue ceased to be a type of hysteria, or a type of latent epilepsy, and became simply a symptom or manifestation of a superordinate disorder.
That is a snippet from the French story. Fugue powerfully illustrates the role of national tradition and spheres of influence. Whereas Italy had its spate of mad travellers directly after the disorder erupted in France, there was no such diagnosis in Germany until 1898, when a doctor declared that German psychiatry was derelict in its duty: it reported no clinical studies of ambulatory automatism. The golden age of this disorder began in Germany, a decade after the French one. It stopped only with the Great War. The same is true of Russia. The Germans and Russians were faithful Charcotians: fugues were epileptic equivalents. Italians, on the other hand, inclined to the hysteria opinion.
Why were German-speaking doctors Charcotian, holding Wandertrieb to be epileptic in nature? That leads us to the next point, the military. A number of military doctors all over Europe were repelled by the swingeing punishments handed down for conscript-deserters during peacetime. So the army and navy physicians fastened on automatism as a way of getting men off. Male hysteria never had the role in the German or Slavic speaking worlds that it had in France and Italy. By 1905, when fugue really caught on in Central Europe, hysteria was dying, for reasons so well described by Mark Micale. 14 Hence latent epilepsy was the best hook on which the military could hang Wandertrieb.
Incidentally, fugue never did catch on in the English-speaking world, despite the fame of Ansel Bourne. Bourne was a born-again preacher who was re-born as someone else, who was not a preacher but a grocer named Brown, somewhere else. 15 He was described as a multiple personality, not as a fugueur. William James and other spiritualists interviewed him. In his Lowell lectures in 1896, James went so far as to take ambulatory automatism as the central idea of dissociation, with multiple personality as peripheral--precisely the opposite of what was done, then or now, by every other theorist of dissociation. 16 Charcot's lecture on ambulatory automatism was widely reported in Britain and America, and a few cases did attract brief attention, but aside from William James it was seldom taken seriously. 17 A few instances of what would in France have been reported as classic ambulatory automatism were described as multiples. Two phrases readily explain why fugue was unimportant in America: No conscript army, and "Go West, young man." Fugue requires, as the 1994 DSM-IV puts it, a home or customary place of work, or, as my epigraph from 1891 said, it requires penates. But there is a third reason. Hysteria, epilepsy, and hystero-epilepsy all fell under the sign of degeneracy, an especially French obsession. The portfolio of the nineteenth century took stock in different ways at different times. At the beginning of the century, suicide, madness, crime, and prostitution were favored choices, for they helped to keep down the French birth rate, relative to that of Germany or Britain. After 1870 vagrancy--vagabondage--began to enter, and by 1885 it was deemed a major social problem. To exaggerate, it became the "universal of mental pathology, the prism through which all the categories of madness and abnormality could be distributed." 18 Thus vagrancy was straight away medicalized. Vagrants were degenerates, sure enough. And many must suffer from automatisme ambulatoire. Jean-Claude Beaune has gone so far as to describe the medicalization, and medical incarceration, of tramps and hobos as a species of "genocide." 19 The population was not literally killed, but it was extinguished in asylums and jails.
Enter the police. In fact, Charcot's first and classic case of ambulatory automatism had been subject to police harassment.He was a delivery man for a company that manufactured brass ornaments. On his first fugue, he was on a train crossing the Seine when the ticket collector approached. Having no ticket, he jumped out of a window into the river. He could not swim, but he was fished out and taken to a hospital. Within an hour he was reached by the long arm of the railway police, demanding the fare. On his next fugue he got to the seaside, and was there detained for some days. Because of these events Gilles de la Tourette proposed that every person diagnosed with automatisme ambulatoire should have a medical tag with clear instructions about his disease and his home physician. 20 That was the way in which innocent deviants could be fitted into the growing system of surveillance of an increasingly mobile public. Notice, incidentally, how Charcot's patient was, in terms of social class, a prototypical fugueur, a hard-working delivery man, who, in his fugue state, was so shocked to find that he was travelling without a ticket that he risked drowning over dishonor.
Those were early days, when philanthropy and concern for the patient were paramount in the minds of the physicians. At the end of the ambulatory automatism period we find a very different political philosophy of fugue. It was stated by the head doctor at the Paris Police Prefecture and an alienist at a mental hospital who served regularly as an expert witness in prosecutions: "Fugue," the two men insisted, "is an anti-social act."
Every individual has obligations under which he lives. From the moment that he breaks the social contract, be it instinctively or voluntarily, he puts himself outside legality. That is the case of the fugueur who abandons his domicile, and that is why fugue is an anti-social act. 21
Then they gave a brisk distinction of fugue from the problems that had perplexed the clinicians. Fugue is to be distinguished from "procursive epilepsy, automatic somnambulism, alcoholic and all other displacements which are not accompanied by the disappearance of the subject." 22 In short, the police don't care about the medical niceties. If the person stays at home or at work, fine, no matter what ails him. But if he flies for whatever reason or cause, that's fugue, it is anti-social, and subject to detention and punishment.
Our strange topic seems not to miss a single issue of the day. Our decade is that of the Dreyfus case, but Jews were also deemed to be a pressing problem at a much lower stratum of society. The great pogroms in the East sent Jews all over Europe. Albert, the first Birdhouse fugueur of 1887, had been casually compared to the Wandering Jew. (He was not Jewish.) Charcot's students, working in a public hospital, saw many poor Jewish refugees. Charcot and his assistants were fascinated by what they called the iconography of the mad. They were delighted to compare representations of the insane in medieval art with photographs prepared in their clinic. One thesis from Charcot's clinic is rich in copies of mostly seventeenth-century woodcuts of the Wandering Jew. "The Wandering Jew of the old prints is indeed a true wandering Jew, none other than the wandering Jew of the Salpêtrière." 23
A French medical thesis consisted of an opening discussion, some general description, a number of cases presented in clinical detail, and a conclusion. Here we find five detailed cases, four men and a woman. Several of them have standard hysterical symptoms of partial anaesthesia and restricted vision. The overall diagnosis is hystero-neurasthenia. (Beard's American diagnosis, neurasthenia, has recently become prominent in the clinic.) This being Charcot's clinic, these patients could not suffer from ambulatory automatism, which was a species of epilepsy. There is an odd twist here, because in the course of surveying the literature, Charcot's student decides that the patient closest to the wandering Jews is none other than Albert, the original fugueur of Bordeaux. By implication Albert did not suffer from Charcotian ambulatory automatism--while for Pitres, quoted in my epigraph, the hysterical Albert was the very model of ambulatory automatism. All of which reminds us, on the side, that you can't retain ownership of the names that you invent.
The wandering Jews in Charcot's ward were duly photographed, although the photographs were not reproduced in the thesis. Photography is an essential modern art. The very first multiple personality in history--that, is with more than two distinct and diagnosed personalities--was photographed in some ten supposed distinct personality states. Albert, the first fugueur, appeared only as a drawing in a thesis about him. (Medical theses had only drawings, not photos, which explains why the thesis on wandering Jews merely refers to the photographs taken at the Salpêtrière, but includes many reproductions of old woodcuts.) For published photographs of Albert we must turn to the textbook by Pitres. 24 There we see Albert as normal, as natural somnambulist, as hypnotized, and as fugueur. Thus the very first case of fugue was presented to the world with what was called an iconography.
I should say a little more about the medical culture in which Albert made his way. The first French double personality to be studied in depth was Félida X, known to hospitals in Bordeaux from 1858, but presented as a double personality only in 1876. 25 Her doctor was Eugène Azam. Philippe Tissié, who wrote up Albert, was a protégé of Azam's. For twenty years Bordeaux, progenitor of double personality, also produced almost half the roster of written-up cases of fugue, or ambulatory automatism, in France. The doctors there were true bourgeois. Azam had a notable collection of paintings, objects from the ancient world, and local archaeological discoveries. Azam and Tissié knew each other best not as senior and junior doctor, but because Tissié was honorary secretary of the Bordeaux archaeological society, over which Azam presided. It was these thoroughly modern res, the small bourgeois collectors, who gave us multiple personality and fugue.
It may seem a large jump to another modern instrument, the bicycle. The bicycle has for too long been crushed between the steam locomotive and the automobile in accounts of the modern world and its machinery. In the 1890s the bicycle was the thoroughly modern middle-class sporting instrument of choice. Tissié was able to discover fugueurs on bicycles. His fugueurs on foot often did eighty kilometers a day; we have no endurance record for the bicycles. But, just possibly because he was fascinated by these feats of endurance, Tissié made physical education, rather than psychiatry, his forte. Not that he saw these as being distinct. He devised a remarkable cure for severe hysteria, which involved riding endlessly on a bicycle. 26 It worked.
Another great product of modernism is the Olympic Games. There was once a real question, fought out in the 1890s, about the nature of sport. There was the Swedish system, which opposed competition, and favored individual development by gymnastics. Pierre de Coubertin famously took the opposite view, that the English (and ancient Greek) model of competitive sport should rule. Coubertin nearly lost.
Tissié was dead set against what he saw as the excesses of competitive sport, the very elements of enthusiasm, liberty and schoolboy association that Coubertin so vigorously endorsed. Their rivalry grew, until, by the early '90s, they were implacable enemies, and when Coubertin again pleaded for athletic games at a conference of the French Association for the Advancement of Science at Caen, in l894, Tissié strenuously attacked him and carried the day. The conference resolved "to encourage physical exercise, but to make war on sports in school establishments." 27
Tissié, as we all know, may have won the battle, but he lost the war, terribly. He did, in a way, have the last, if forgotten, word. Having trained as an alienist, he could name the mental illness from which his opponents suffered. They were afflicted by ludomania. 28
Middle-class travel, photography, the bicycle, and the Olympic Games are parts of the ideas of the modern that have been too much neglected in our concern with, for example, painting and the novel. But I had better return to stories. Here is one about a man more prosperous than your typical fugueur. Emile, a Paris lawyer aged thirty-three, "presents all the manifest signs of hysteria." He was "almost instantaneously hypnotizable"--he had only to be asked to fixate on a point in space, or to hear a sharp sound (the clap of a hand), and he would fall into hypnotic sleep. He even went into a trance when he caught himself looking into a mirror in a café by the Bourse. It was perhaps not too surprising that every once in a while he lost his memory. "A new life, a new memory, a new me, begins. He walks, takes the train, makes visits, buys things, gambles, etc." Some of the events in Emile's second state were not altogether unrelated to events in his normal state. Thus he visited his stepfather, with whom he had a t, before changing state on 23 September 1888. He returned to his normal state in the middle of October. Meanwhile he had, for example, visited one of his uncles, a bishop in Haute-Marne. There he had broken furniture, torn up books and even manuscripts. He also incurred 500 Fr of "debts" during his peregrinations, which led to a charge of swindling. Since no one knew exactly where he was, he was tried and convicted in absentia. The decision was reversed once medical evidence had been heard.
He did it again, and also stole a small sum of money, and was again apprehended. Two well known expert witnesses made a favorable deposition. The charge was dismissed. In the first incident the man recalled, under hypnosis, that he had borrowed 500 Fr to gamble, and he described in detail the games he had played and how he had lost. The second incident furnished even more compelling evidence of the power of hypnosis (and hence of the hysterical nature of the case). Emile knew he had, before he lost consciousness in his normal state, a wallet containing 226 Fr. It disappeared during his second state. He had no idea where or how. Six months later, under hypnosis, he recalled the hotel in which he had left it. Awakened, he was told to write to that hotel, and next day he received the wallet in the mail. Here we find what was to become the central criterion for hysterical fugue: amnesia for or confused memory about the trip, which could be resolved under hypnosis. 29
This story was presented to the Académie des Sciences Morales on 20 January 1890 as a case of ambulatory automatism in an hysteric. It was thereby an anti-Charcotian case. Emile had been treated by an eccentric Parisian alienist and magnetizer, Dr. J. B. Luys, but it was the highly respectable professor of medicine and hygiene, Dr. Adrien Proust, who reported the case. Henri Ellenberger, that exemplary and encyclopedic student of the history of dissociation, recalls "idle talk in Madame Verdurin's salon" about a double personality, and writes, "It is noteworthy that this very story had been published by Marcel Proust's father, Adrien Proust, as a significant psychopathological case." 30 That may be pushing things, because ambulatory automatism, the very point (and title) of Proust's report, is not mentioned by Marcel Proust, and the disorder had, indeed, disappeared in France by the time Marcel Proust published the story. For the passage occurs in Le Temps retrouvé, in the voice of Dr. Cottard, who, "with the delicacy which reveals the man of distinction," is changing the course of conversation from a disagreeable subject. He "relates in more philosophical terms than most physicians can command" how the trauma of a fire changed Madame Verdurin's footman into a new man, with new handwriting and an intolerable character that led to his being dismissed. Then, as they moved from the dining-room to the Venetian smoking room,
Cottard told us that he had witnessed actual doublings of the personality, giving as example the case of one of his patients whom he amiably offers to bring to see me, in whose case Cottard has merely to touch his temples to usher him into a second life in which he remembers nothing of the other, so much so that, a very honest man in this case, he had actually been arrested several times for thefts committed in the other during which he had been nothing less than a disgraceful scamp. 31
Is this the specific story of Emile, reported in 1890 by Adrien Proust? Or is it more of an amalgam? No matter. Emile himself is not a prototypical fugueur because he was of the middle classes, a lawyer. And in his fugue he was dishonest, a swindler. The prototypical fugueur was an honest craftsman, artisan, clerk, or regularly employed laborer--or a conscript. He was not your Paris lawyer, nor was he a tramp. In his fugue state he never stole unless it was out of necessity, a piece of food or clothing.
Hence I may return to my opening remarks. The fugueur is a distorting mirror of the classier stuff that we call modern, for the modern is assuredly bourgeois, and when modern men and women traveled compulsively, they hired Thomas Cook & Son to make the arrangements. After a fugue the prototypical fugueur does not ask, am I far from home? He does not ask, where is where? When he wakes up he knows where, and wants to go home to family, unless compulsion strikes again and he moves on. We do not find this humble man in the impeccably controlled Proust, who at most frames a man, possibly Emile, in a conversation. The fugueur is more a re of popular culture. His descendant appears in trashy stories as the man who wakes up in a strange town, with no idea how he got there, but with a train ticket in his pocket. In television thrillers his descendant is run together with amnesia, contrary to the intentions of ICD-10. I should expect fugueurs to occur in the ephemeral popular writing of the 1890s, but I do not know of any. I should be grateful to any reader who can direct me to examples. 32
My first and favorite fugueur, Albert of Bordeaux, red not in Proust but in a popular book, complete with illustrations. He was well worth the tale. On his greatest trip he was arrested in Moscow as a nihilist. (How right the police of Moscow were: what is a fugueur but the ultimate unwitting nihilist?) After several months of incarceration, he was released with some three hundred others (the remainder of his fellow nihilists were executed or sent to Siberia). He and his gang, mostly Gypsies, were force-marched to the Bosphorus. That is a story to tell elsewhere. I should like to conclude not with Albert, the first fugueur, but with another man, the last of the French mad travellers.
The last fugueur, as I think of him, was a compulsive deserter; the military doctor who examined him called him a deserteur voyageur. 33 I take him to be my own mirror image, because his routes were ones of which I am deeply fond. His first desertion was from the barracks at Perpignan. From there he walked over the smuggler's trails between France and Spain, a network of glorious rocky walks in the Albères, the foothills of the Pyrenees. There on a flowery slope or on a windblown outcrop you may still encounter a nervous man who was hoping not to be seen. Today he is more likely to be a confused Moroccan making his way gingerly through to France than a dazed French conscript heading for the safety of Spain.
Ian Hacking is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toronto and Director of the Institute for the Philosophy and History of Science. His most recent book is Rewriting the Soul: Multiple Personality and the Sciences of Memory.
1. A. Pitres, Leçons cliniques sur l'hystérie et l'hypnotisme faites a l'hôpital Saint-André à Bordeaux, vol. 2 (Paris: Doin, 1891), 268. Fugue originated as a medical entity in Bordeaux, in Pitres' hospital (see note six below). The curious name automatisme ambulatoire is due to Jean-Martin Charcot's Tuesday lecture of 31 January 1888, in his Leçons du mardi, vol. 1 (Paris: Progrès médicale, 1888), 155-69. For a more medical account of fugue, with ample references, see my "Les Alienés voyageurs: How Fugue Became a Medical Entity," in History of Psychiatry (forthcoming 1996).
2. I use this word in a semi-technical way, derived from cognitive linguistics. See my Rewriting the Soul: Multiple Personality and the Sciences of Memory (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), 33-35.
3. Théodore Flournoy, Des Indes à la planète Mars: Étude sur un cas de somnambulisme avec glossolalie (Geneva: Atar, 1900); From India to the Planet Mars: A Case of Multiple Personality with Imaginary Languages, trans. Sonu Shamdasani (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994); also available as From India to the Planet Mars: A Study of a Case of Somnambulism with Glossolalia, trans. Daniel B. Vermilye (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1900).
4. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1994), 484; hereafter abbreviated DSM-IV.
5. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992), 155; hereafter abbreviated ICD-10.
6. Philippe Tissié, Les Alienés voyageurs (Paris: Doin, 1887). The case of Albert occupies half the published thesis, 55-108.
7. The papers delivered at the 1909 meeting of the Societé de Neurologie (XIX Congrès des médecins aliénistes et neurologistes) appear in La Revue neurologique 17 (30 August 1909): 1013-76. I do not mean to imply that there was never again a French fugue study by psychiatrists. I mean that general interest disappeared, and that thereafter fugues were taken to be mere symptoms of other problems.
8. Michael S. Roth, "Remembering Forgetting: Maladies de la mémoire in Nineteenth-Century France," Representations 26 (spring 1989): 49-68; and "Dying of the Past: Medical Studies of Nostalgia in Nineteenth-Century France," History and Memory 3 (spring/summer 1991): 5-29.
9. Richard J. Loewenstein, "Psychogenic Amnesia and Psychogenic Fugue: A Comprehensive Review," Review of Psychiatry 10 : 189-222. The two references are Charcot's Tuesday lecture of 31 January 1888 (see note one) and Pierre Janet's notes of a lecture given by Fulgence Raymond, Charcot's successor, in 1895 (see note thirteen).
10. Between 1980 and 1994 there was an intense debate among American psychiatrists who treat dissociative disorders, as to whether amnesia should even count among the defining conditions of multiple personality or fugue. It was first included, then excluded, and then reinstated as a condition for multiple personality. Such parochial inting, which represents an unattractive internal power struggle, should not detain us here.
11. On gender and multiple personality, see my Rewriting the Soul, 69-80.
12. Hugh T. Patrick, "Ambulatory Automatism," The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 34 (June 1907): 385.
13. Fulgence Raymond, "Les Délires ambulatoires ou les fugueurs," Gazette des hôpitaux 68 (2 July 1895): 754-62; (8 July 1895): 787-93. The lecture is by Raymond, but the notes on it, as published, were taken by Pierre Janet. Patrick (see note twelve) was still debating this question in 1907, but ambulatory automatism, as a diagnostic category, was fading away in France by that time.
14. Mark S. Micale, "On the Disappearance of Hysteria: A Study in the Clinical Deconstruction of a Diagnosis," Isis 84 (September 1993): 496-526.
15. Michael Kenny, The Passion of Ansel Bourne (Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institute, 1986).
16. William James on Exceptional Mental States: The 1896 Lowell Lectures, ed. Eugene Taylor (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1982), especially Lecture Four, "Multiple Personality," 73-92. There is internal evidence to suggest that in preparing these lectures James had been reading Janet's notes of Raymond's lectures, cited in note thirteen above.
17. For example, an English remittance man in Rochester who, as his wedding approached, disappeared to Canada, where he probably travelled extensively, as far north as the great logging enterprises in Temagami, west to Winnipeg, and east to Montreal. See E. B. Angell, "A Case of Double Consciousness--Amnesiac Type, with Fabrication of Memory," Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1 (October 1906): 155-69.
18. Jacques Donzelot, The Policing of Families, trans. R. Jurley (New York: Macmillan, 1979), 130.
19. Jean-Claude Beaune, Le Vagabond et la machine. Essai sur l'automatisme ambulatoire. Médecine, technique et societé en France, 1880-1910 (Seyseel: Champ-Vallon, 1987), 367. See also 63.
20. Gilles de la Tourette, "L'Automatisme ambulatoire au point de vue médico-légale," Bulletin de médecine 3 : 344.
21. R. Benon and P. Froissart, "Conditions sociales et individuels de l'état de fugue," Annales médico-psychologiques, series 9, 10 (September 1909): 290.
22. Ibid., 291; italics in original.
23. Henry Meige, Études sur certains névropathes voyageurs. Le Juif errant à la Salpêtrière (Paris: Bataile, 1893), 14. See also Jan Goldstein, "The Wandering Jew and the Problem of Psychiatric Anti-Semitism in Fin-de-Siècle France," Journal of Contemporary History 20 (October 1985): 531-32.
24. Pitres, Leçons cliniques, vol. 2, n.p.; the plates are located at the end of the volume.
25. Jacqueline Carroy, "Entre Mémoire et oublie: les deux vies de Félida," Revue Internationale de Psychopathologie 5 (February 1992): 73-80; see also my Rewriting the Soul, 159-70.
26. Philippe Tissié, "Un Cas d'instabilité mentale avec impulsions morbides traitée par la gymnastique médicale," Archives cliniques de Bordeaux 3 : 232-44. See also his Hygiéne du vélocipédiste (Paris: Doin, 1889).
27. John J. MacAloon, This Great Symbol: Pierre de Coubertin and the Origins of the Modern Olympic Games (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 109. I owe this reference to Brian Pronger.
28. Philippe Tissié, La Fatigue et l'entrainement physique (Paris: Alcan, 1897), 8.
29. Adrien Proust, "Automatisme ambulatoire chez un hystérique," Bulletin de médecine 4 : 107-109.
30. Henri Ellenberger, The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry (New York: Basic Books, 1970), 167.
31. Marcel Proust, A la récherche du temps perdu, vol. 3 (Paris: Gallimard, Editions Pléiade, 1954), 716; and Time Regained, trans. Stephen Hudson, vol. 12 (London: Chatto and Windus, 1931), 25. I have, however, rendered Proust's dédoublements de la personnalité not as "duplications" but as "doublings," both French and English being derived from the original English medical label of double consciousness. "Scamp" is Hudson's somewhat old-fashioned rendering of gredin, a minor malefactor, which fits the historical Emile, who in real life was charged, on his first arrest, with filouterie (cheating), and, on his second, with escroquerie (swindling).
32. David Jorawsky points out a literary use of fugue in Arthur Schnitzler's Traumnovelle . There the hero self-consciously contemplates become like a fugueur: "He recalled certain strange pathological cases which he had read in books on psychiatry, so-called double-lives. A man living in normal circumstances suddenly disappeared, was not heard from, returned months or years later and didn't remember where he had been during this time" (Dream Story, trans. Otto P. Schinnerer [Los Angeles: Sun & Moon Press, 1990], 139). This is no simple case of a man considering whether to feign fugue as a way of absconding, because the hero is (ambiguously) already in a trance state.
33. J. Grasset, "Les Maladies mentales dans l'armée et les fugues en psychiatrie. Histoire d'un déserteur voyageur," Encéphale 3 : 370-85.
.


Logistic Map Visualiser
Initial Population [0-1]
Initial Fertility Rate [0-3]
Max iterations
Used plot library:
Plotly


"x" "1" "SCHRADER,TJ CHERRY,W SOPER,K LANGLOIS,I AND VIJAY,HM, EXAMINATION OFALTERNARIA ALTERNATA MUTAGENICITY AND EFFECTS OF NITROSYLATION USING THE AMESSALMONELLA TEST, TERATOG., CARCINOG., MUTAGEN. 21(4):26 __ 1-274, 2001"


Brian grew up in Santa Clara, the son of a mechanical engineer turned software sales executive. Brian excelled in school, but was primarily interested in sports, never really appreciating the technology and entrepreneurial spirite in his own backyard.
Brian spent his four undergraduate years at Dartmouth College in the frigid hills of New Hampshire. Drawn originally by the desire to go skiing after class, his Dartmouth experience included majors in economics and government, and forever shaped his friendships and ambitions.
After an exhileratingly challenging year as a public school math teacher in Oakland, Brian spent the next 5 years in the corporate comforts of Google and Metromile. Analyzing marketing opportunities, crunching models in Excel and optimizing ad campaigns quickly became second-nature.
The entrepreneurial itch in SF was too contagious in San Francisco, so Brian waved goodbye to a stable income and benefits and began a 4-month coding adventure with Dev Bootcamp. He is now working on a few side projects and expects to turn one of them into a full-time pursuit in early 2016.
This last blog post recounts my experience transitioning this blog site from a static CSS structure to one that uses the Bootstrap CSS framework.
As we wrap up the remote Phase 0 stage of Dev Bootcamp, we'll soon begin the onsite immersion program where we will spend significant time using the web application framework known as Ruby on Rails, or more simply, Rails. Rails is an open-source web application framework originally designed by David Heinemeier Hansson in 2004. What exactly is a web application framework? For starters, we must consider what a web application is.
This week in Dev Bootcamp was our 3rd week diving deeper and deeper into Ruby. In today’s post, I’m going to attempt to explain the concept of classes, and why they are incredibly useful in any object-oriented programming language (i.e. pretty much all modern programming languages).


Christopher G. Rutan
Democrat
Denver Deputy Sheriff Captain with the City and County of Denver
Experienced Supervisor with a demonstrated history of working in government and law enforcement. Skilled in Nonprofit Organizations, Sustainable Development, Policy Analysis, Event Planning, and Computer Skills. Strong professional graduated from University of Denver with Master in Global Finance, Trade, and Economic Integration and Master of Business Administration. Bachelor in Political Science and International Studies.
80237
• 1998-2001 Legislative Aide / Intern for former State Representative / State Senator Ken Gordon • 2002 Paid Volunteer with former State Representative/ State Senator Jennifer Veiga’s Campaign • 2002, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020 elected at precinct caucuses to be a delegate to both County and State Conventions for various candidates with the Democratic Party. • 2016-2018 Elected Democratic Precinct Committee People (PCP) Precinct 932 (House District 9B in Denver) • 2013-2014 Volunteer with the Andrew Romanoff campaign for US House of Representatives • 2019 financially contributed to Denver County Initiated Ordinance 302 to require voter approval to allocate public funds toward future Olympic Games • 2020 Democrat Vacancy Committee State Senate District 31
• Bilingual Screener and Greeter for the Denver Asset Building Coalition (DABC) for Dec 2007 – Present • Vice-President for the Cedar Pointe Home Owners Association Board from Jun 2009 – Jun 2018 • Board Member At-Large for the Southmoor Park South Neighborhood Association from Jan 2014 – Sep 2018 • Member of Wellshire Presbyterian Church of Denver from 2018 -present • Member of Lions International Denver Apr 2019 – Present • Member of International City County Manager Association (ICMA) from 2018 – present • Member American Corrections Association from 2016 to present • Member American Jail Association from 2016 to present • Member Colorado Jail Association from 2009 to present
I am currently facing the challenges of advocating for the construction of a Community Recreation Center here in Denver. I have represented my fellow students at the University of Denver on the Student Senate and helped to enhance recycling at the university. As a member of the Cedar Pointe Homeowners Association, I have advocated for various quality of life improvements. As a non-government delegate for two rounds of Kyoto Protocol climate negotiations, I have developed experience being an effective advocate for a position. More importantly, through my involvement in a variety of organizations listed above and my passion for the outdoors I have had an opportunity to visit and meet a variety of different stakeholders throughout this state.
Our Republic functions and thrives when our elective representatives effectively represent the will of the people. Over the last twenty years, I have observed hyper partisan gerrymandering being utilized to disenfranchise one group or another. The redistricting process has been hijacked by both parties to achieve shortsighted political objectives in the legislature. What I admire about the non-partisan redistricting commission is end this shortsighted political gerrymandering that undermines the confidence in our democracy. I envision a commission that leverages data to redistrict in a fashion that is fair and just for all and that provides each of the 64 counties appropriate elective representation and voice for all Coloradans in the public policy process.
My experience in promoting consensus and contributing to agreement derives from years of organization involvement from serving on the All Undergraduate Student Senate at the University of Denver, my state legislature experience, nonprofit work, delegate to two rounds of climate negations, organizational involvement, and my involvement with activities in the community. As a former Peace Corps volunteer, and avid global traveler, I have international experience and cultural immersion to better understand the various facets of conflict. Navigating challenges and conflicts in three languages -- English, Spanish, and Guaranί -- as a Peace Corps volunteer in Paraguay very much empowered me in resolving conflict. As someone trained in mediation and facilitation at the University of Denver, Crisis Intervention Training (CIT), and Crisis Negotiation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation I have unique skills to actively listen, understand, and build common ground between disparate parties. As a Deputy Sheriff, during the last thirteen years I have served in a fashion that has been fair and impartial to all parties.
As a Deputy Sheriff Captain, I employee analytical, logic, and reasoning daily as I supervise the Denver County Jail. In my capacity as a supervisor, I extrapolate data from programs such as Power BI and other sources to make analytical decisions. I employee logic and reasoning to navigate a whole variety of different incidents and issues confronted during a shift. Depending on the circumstance, I utilize both deductive and inductive reasoning to decide if an argument/decision is valid or weak. For example, addressing an inmate in crisis in a manner that is humane and with sound reasoning. Or addressing public policy issues in a manner that is consistent with the law and sound reasoning.
Male


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{% extends "base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block title %} Registration Complete {% endblock %} {% block local_css %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
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<script src="https://elements.corrently.io/assets/js/jquery.min.js"</script>
<script src="https://elements.corrently.io/dist/correntlyElements-min.js"</script>
Formular POST Target
https://api.corrently.io/core/reading
Formular Feldnamen
externalAccount
secret
zip
1.8.0


8
1 Some time later, David's army attacked the Philistine army and defeated them. They took control over the Philistine city of Gath and its surrounding villages.
2 David's army also defeated the army of the Moab people group. David forced their soldiers to lie down on the ground close to each other. His men killed two out of every three of them. The others of the Moab people were forced to accept David as their ruler, and they were forced to give to him every year the payment that he demanded.
3 David's army also defeated the army of Hadadezer son of Rehob, who ruled the region of Zobah in Aram. That happened when he went try to regain power over the area at the upper part of the Euphrates River.
4 David's army captured 1,700 of Hadadezer's soldiers who rode on horses, and 20,000 of his other soldiers. They also crippled enough all but one hundred of the horses that pulled chariots.
5 When the army of Aram came from the city of Damascus to help King Hadadezer's army, David's soldiers killed twenty-two thousand of them.
6 Then David stationed groups of his soldiers in their area, and the people of Aram were forced to accept David to be their ruler, and to give to David's government every year the payment of tribute money that he demanded. And Yahweh enabled David's army to win victories wherever they went.
7 David's soldiers took the gold shields that were carried by Hadadezer's officials, and brought them to Jerusalem.
8 They also brought to Jerusalem much bronze that they found in Betah and Berothai, two cities that King Hadadezer had previously ruled.
9 When Tou, the king of the city of Hamath in Aram, heard that David's army had defeated the entire army of King Hadadezer,
10 he sent his son Joram to greet King David and to congratulate him about his army defeating Hadadezer's army, which Tou's army had fought many times. Joram brought to David many gifts made from gold, silver, and bronze.
11 King David dedicated all those items to Yahweh. He also dedicated the silver and gold that his army had taken from the nations that they had conquered.
12 They had taken items from the people groups of Edom and Moab, from Ammon, from the Philistine, from the those who descended from Amalek, and from the the people whom Hadadezer previously ruled.
13 When David returned after defeating the armies of Aram, he became more famous because his army killed eighteen thousand soldiers from the Edom people group in the Valley of Salt near the Dead Sea.
14 David stationed groups of his soldiers throughout the region of Edom, and forced the people there to accept him to be their king. Yahweh enabled David's army to win battles wherever they went.
15 David ruled over all the Israelite people, and he always did for them what was fair and just.
16 Joab was the army commander.  Seraiah was the official secretary;
18 Benaiah son of Jehoiada was the commander of David's bodyguards, and David's sons were his advisors.


cs lab
Ping Pong is a graet game!
ping pong is a nice 2 man competition, you dont have to swet, it is only skils
my favorit games are:
games:
{ % if likes_same_sport=True %}
you cant see my list
{% else %}
{% for game in games %}
{% endfor %}
{% enfif%}


#include <IOStream.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual | ~IOStream () |
| Destructor. Deleting the object closes the underlying file, alternatively you may use IOSystem::Close() to release the file. | |
| virtual size_t | Read (void *pvBuffer, size_t pSize, size_t pCount)=0 |
| Read from the file. | |
| virtual size_t | Write (const void *pvBuffer, size_t pSize, size_t pCount)=0 |
| Write to the file. | |
| virtual aiReturn | Seek (size_t pOffset, aiOrigin pOrigin)=0 |
| Set the read/write cursor of the file. | |
| virtual size_t | Tell () const =0 |
| Get the current position of the read/write cursor. | |
| virtual size_t | FileSize () const =0 |
| Returns filesize Returns the filesize. | |
| virtual void | Flush ()=0 |
| Flush the contents of the file buffer (for writers) See fflush() for more details. | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| IOStream (void) | |
| class IOStream |
Derive an own implementation from this interface to provide custom IO handling to the Importer. If you implement this interface, be sure to also provide an implementation for IOSystem that creates instances of your custom IO class.
Definition at line 66 of file IOStream.hpp.
| Assimp::IOStream::IOStream | ( | void | ) | [inline, protected] |
class IOStream
Constructor protected, use IOSystem::Open() to create an instance.
Definition at line 127 of file IOStream.hpp.
| virtual size_t Assimp::IOStream::Read | ( | void * | pvBuffer, | |
| size_t | pSize, | |||
| size_t | pCount | |||
| ) | [pure virtual] |
Read from the file.
See fread() for more details This fails for write-only files
Implemented in Assimp::DefaultIOStream.
| virtual size_t Assimp::IOStream::Write | ( | const void * | pvBuffer, | |
| size_t | pSize, | |||
| size_t | pCount | |||
| ) | [pure virtual] |
Write to the file.
See fwrite() for more details This fails for read-only files
Implemented in Assimp::DefaultIOStream.
Set the read/write cursor of the file.
Note that the offset is _negative_ for aiOrigin_END. See fseek() for more details
Implemented in Assimp::DefaultIOStream.
| virtual size_t Assimp::IOStream::Tell | ( | ) | const [pure virtual] |
Get the current position of the read/write cursor.
See ftell() for more details
Implemented in Assimp::DefaultIOStream.


This visualization displays what learners are doing while at Ars Electronica in terms of their Arduino kit usage, as well as how they feel about what they are doing through their input to the feedback box where they can input a general positive or negative moment in their session.
Select a slice of the timeline at the bottom to see that session "writ large" in the main window.
Mouse over any visual element for a key of its meaning in the Arduino kit: hardware module, software module, link or manipulation.


--- title: "LED PAR64-DMX, LED Par 64 Cans, 36W High Power LED Stage Lighting, DMX Control, Professional Lighting, LED Stage Wash, LED Par 64 Light, LED Par 64 Pro, LED Par 64 White, LED Par 64 Fixture" description: "LED PAR64-DMX, LED Par 64 Cans, 36W High Power LED Stage Lighting, DMX Control, Professional Lighting, LED Stage Wash, LED Par 64 Light, LED Par 64 Pro, LED Par 64 White, LED Par 64 Fixture" keywords: - LED Par 64 Cans - 36W High Power LED Stage Lighting - DMX Control - Professional Lighting - LED Stage Wash - LED Par 64 Light - LED Par 64 Pro - LED Par 64 White - LED Par 64 Fixture ---
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DMX Type |
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LED PAR64 Can with RGB Color mixing. 3 DMX channels and built-in programs available. Very smooth projection on walls with rich palates of color created by mixing the Red, Green and Blue LEDs. which can generate various color changing effects, such as flashing, fading, steady ,seven color jumping synchronously etc. Electronic Dimming: 0 - 100%, Includes hanging bracket. |
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MODEL NO: LED PAR64-195-DMX
Input Volt.: 100～240V AC |
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| NOTE: Shot can and Long can with the same price. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||


Back to youraffyouruse.github.io
Take the following reports with a grain of salt,
arcdps
simulates group DPS.


{% for short_name, long_name_and_options in select_options.iteritems() %}
{% endfor %}
Select the feature to use and the distance metric from the dropdown menus. Closest matches are displayed below, given in groups depending on whether the image was classified as positive by that style classifier.
Click on any of the images below to search by that image. The number under each result image is the distance (according to the selected metric) to the query image.


The ApartmentAttribute is used on a test method, class or assembly to specify that the tests should be run in a particular apartment, either the STA or the MTA.
When running tests in parallel, the test is simply scheduled to execute from a queue that uses the apartment specified. When the parallel feature is not in use, it causes creation of a new thread if the parent test is not already running in the correct apartment.
When this attribute is not specified, tests run in the MTA.
This attribute replaces the RequiresMTA and RequiresSTA attributes, which are now considered obsolete.
// All the tests in this assembly will use the MTA by default. Since // this is the general default, the attribute is not actually needed. [assembly:Apartment(ApartmentState.MTA)] ... // All the tests in this assembly will use the STA by default [assembly:Apartment(ApartmentState.STA)]
// TestFixture requiring use of the MTA. The attribute is not // needed unless the STA was specified at a higher level. [TestFixture, Apartment(ApartmentState.MTA)] public class FixtureRequiringMTA { // All tests in the fixture will run in the MTA. } // TestFixture requiring use of the STA. [TestFixture, Apartment(ApartmentState.STA)] public class FixtureRequiringSTA { // All tests in the fixture will run in the STA. }
[TestFixture] public class AnotherFixture { [Test, ApartmentState(ApartmentSTate.MTA)] public void TestRequiringMTA() { // This test will run in the MTA. } [Test, ApartmentState(ApartmentSTate.STA)] public void TestRequiringSTA() { // This test will run in the STA. } }


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Object org.apache.spark.mllib.stat.Statistics
public class Statistics
:: Experimental :: API for statistical functions in MLlib.
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
Statistics()
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
static ChiSqTestResult |
chiSqTest(Matrix observed)
Conduct Pearson's independence test on the input contingency matrix, which cannot contain negative entries or columns or rows that sum up to 0. |
static ChiSqTestResult[] |
chiSqTest(RDD<LabeledPoint> data)
Conduct Pearson's independence test for every feature against the label across the input RDD. |
static ChiSqTestResult |
chiSqTest(Vector observed)
Conduct Pearson's chi-squared goodness of fit test of the observed data against the uniform distribution, with each category having an expected frequency of 1 / observed.size . |
static ChiSqTestResult |
chiSqTest(Vector observed,
Vector expected)
Conduct Pearson's chi-squared goodness of fit test of the observed data against the expected distribution. |
static MultivariateStatisticalSummary |
colStats(RDD<Vector> X)
Computes column-wise summary statistics for the input RDD[Vector]. |
static double |
corr(JavaRDD<Double> x,
JavaRDD<Double> y)
Java-friendly version of corr() |
static double |
corr(JavaRDD<Double> x,
JavaRDD<Double> y,
String method)
Java-friendly version of corr() |
static double |
corr(RDD<Object> x,
RDD<Object> y)
Compute the Pearson correlation for the input RDDs. |
static double |
corr(RDD<Object> x,
RDD<Object> y,
String method)
Compute the correlation for the input RDDs using the specified method. |
static Matrix |
corr(RDD<Vector> X)
Compute the Pearson correlation matrix for the input RDD of Vectors. |
static Matrix |
corr(RDD<Vector> X,
String method)
Compute the correlation matrix for the input RDD of Vectors using the specified method. |
| Methods inherited from class Object |
|---|
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public Statistics()
| Method Detail |
|---|
public static MultivariateStatisticalSummary colStats(RDD<Vector> X)
X
- an RDD[Vector] for which column-wise summary statistics are to be computed.
MultivariateStatisticalSummary
object containing column-wise summary statistics.public static Matrix corr(RDD<Vector> X)
X
- an RDD[Vector] for which the correlation matrix is to be computed.
public static Matrix corr(RDD<Vector> X, String method)
pearson
(default), spearman
.
Note that for Spearman, a rank correlation, we need to create an RDD[Double] for each column
and sort it in order to retrieve the ranks and then join the columns back into an RDD[Vector],
which is fairly costly. Cache the input RDD before calling corr with method = "spearman"
to
avoid recomputing the common lineage.
X
- an RDD[Vector] for which the correlation matrix is to be computed.method
- String specifying the method to use for computing correlation.
Supported: pearson
(default), spearman
public static double corr(RDD<Object> x, RDD<Object> y)
Note: the two input RDDs need to have the same number of partitions and the same number of elements in each partition.
x
- RDD[Double] of the same cardinality as y.y
- RDD[Double] of the same cardinality as x.
public static double corr(JavaRDD<Double> x, JavaRDD<Double> y)
corr()
public static double corr(RDD<Object> x, RDD<Object> y, String method)
pearson
(default), spearman
.
Note: the two input RDDs need to have the same number of partitions and the same number of elements in each partition.
x
- RDD[Double] of the same cardinality as y.y
- RDD[Double] of the same cardinality as x.method
- String specifying the method to use for computing correlation.
Supported: pearson
(default), spearman
public static double corr(JavaRDD<Double> x, JavaRDD<Double> y, String method)
corr()
public static ChiSqTestResult chiSqTest(Vector observed, Vector expected)
Note: the two input Vectors need to have the same size.
observed
cannot contain negative values.
expected
cannot contain nonpositive values.
observed
- Vector containing the observed categorical counts/relative frequencies.expected
- Vector containing the expected categorical counts/relative frequencies.
expected
is rescaled if the expected
sum differs from the observed
sum.
public static ChiSqTestResult chiSqTest(Vector observed)
1 / observed.size
.
Note: observed
cannot contain negative values.
observed
- Vector containing the observed categorical counts/relative frequencies.
public static ChiSqTestResult chiSqTest(Matrix observed)
observed
- The contingency matrix (containing either counts or relative frequencies).
public static ChiSqTestResult[] chiSqTest(RDD<LabeledPoint> data)
data
- an RDD[LabeledPoint]
containing the labeled dataset with categorical features.
Real-valued features will be treated as categorical for each distinct value.
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Deletes an existing Choice Set identified by the parameter interactionChoiceSetID. If the specified interactionChoiceSetID is currently in use by an active SDLPerformInteraction this call to delete the Choice Set will fail returning an IN_USE resultCode
Function Group: Base
HMILevel needs to be FULL, LIMITED or BACKGROUD
Since SmartDeviceLink 1.0
see SDLCreateInteractionChoiceSet SDLPerformInteraction
Convenience init to delete a choice set
- (nonnull instancetype)initWithId:(UInt32)choiceId;
init(id choiceId: UInt32)
A unique ID that identifies the Choice Set
An SDLDeleteInteractionChoiceSet object
a unique ID that identifies the Choice Set @discussion a unique ID that identifies the Choice Set
Notes: Min Value: 0; Max Value:<PHONE_NUMBER>
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSNumber<SDLInt> *_Nonnull interactionChoiceSetID;
var interactionChoiceSetID: NSNumber & SDLInt { get set }


Roku’s new free app lets you control your viewing with your Apple Watch
Use touch or your voice to see your programs
by Barbara KrasnoffIf you’re constantly misplacing your Roku remote, you now have an alternative way to control your movies — right from your wrist. According to the Roku blog, there is now a free app available for the Apple Watch.
The Roku app looks, and works, very much like the iPhone and Android apps. It allows you to launch various Roku-based channels (listed in the order of most recently launched), control the cursor on your TV interface, play and pause your videos — in other words, work as an efficient remote control.
The new app even allows for voice control, so you can launch channels or find programs without having to tap your screen (as long as you are using an Apple Watch Series 1 through 5 — it apparently doesn’t work with the first-generation watch). And if you would rather use the actual remote, but can’t remember where you put it, the app will make the remote chime so you can find it.
The new Roku app for the Apple Watch can be installed today from the updated iPhone app, version 6.1.3. (Note: According to Roku, you may need to manually install from the Watch app if automatic installs are turned off.)