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LING150/University of Oregon |
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1.1.1. Sources of English words
1.1.2. Learning new vocabulary
English has an enormous number of words -- far more than any other language. All English words come from one of two sources: they are either native to English, or they have been borrowed from some other language. Borrowed words can be further subdivided into
Native words have been a part of English for as long as it has existed as a separate language. They can be traced back to the core language which certain Germanic peoples, the Anglos and the Saxons, brought with them to England over fifteen hundred years ago. (We'll talk more about this in Unit 4.) Native words are the short, simple words which all English speakers use in ordinary everyday situations.
Native words tend to fall into five major classes. Here are some examples:
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body parts |
foot, mouth, thumb |
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family relationships / kinship terms |
father, brother, mother |
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everyday, natural objects |
rock, house, hill |
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physical acts |
think, drive, ride |
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physical characteristics |
red, cold, young |
Notice that native words often name concrete objects or properties of the physical world -- exactly the kinds of things that people need to talk about when they are engaged in the activities of everyday life. It's not surprising that these words are the first words English-speaking children learn.
Borrowed words came into English after it had become a separate language. Take a look at the chart below, which shows the sources of English vocabulary based on the frequency of the word in the language as a whole.
Notice that if we consider only the most frequent words in English, we find they are overwhelmingly native words (about 70 percent). But when we consider all the words in an English dictionary, we find that the vast majority (about 75) are borrowed! English speakers borrow lots of words, but they don't use them very often.
English speakers have borrowed words from hundreds of other languages. However, they have borrowed especially large numbers of words from the Classical Languages, Latin and Greek, and from French. (French evolved directly from Latin, so words borrowed from French and Latin often contain the same word roots.) These words tend to be used most frequently in academic and technical vocabulary. When students enter an advanced field of study, they suddenly have to abandon the native Anglo-Saxon words that they use everyday and learn a whole new set of words. Students sometimes say these words "look like Greek," and in fact, they often are Greek (or Latin or French). For example, an dental student must learn to say "odontalgia" (borrowed from Greek) rather than "toothache," a native word meaning the same thing.
English has borrowed words from every culture it has had contact with. We'll call these miscellaneous borrowings "exotic words." Here are some examples of exotic borrowings and their source languages:
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Arabic |
zero, algebra, candy, ghoul |
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Algonquian (Native American) |
woodchuck |
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Australian aborigine |
boomerang, kangaroo |
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Chinese |
ketchup, typhoon, wok |
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Gaelic (Irish) |
galore, hooligan, whiskey |
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Hindi |
swastika, khaki, pajamas |
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Italian |
bizarre, spaghetti, soprano |
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Nahuatl (Aztec) |
tomato, chocolate |
Many dictionaries provide information about a word's origins (or its etymology). Below are examples of the four major classes of words we have discussed. Compare them with your own dictionary. Dictionaries often differ somewhat in the completeness of the word histories they provide. For this class, use one of the recommended dictionaries.
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Example: wolf |
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Example: motion |
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Example: morpheme |
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Example: sherbet |
1.1.2. Learning new vocabulary
How can students increase their vocabulary in order to meet the demands of advanced education? There are really only three ways: these are absorption, memorization, and analysis.
Absorption means that you learn words without conscious effort simply by being immersed in a language situation where the words you want to acquire are being used. This is the most natural way to learn, and the way you learned your first language as a child. It is the easiest way to learn and the knowledge you acquire this way will endure the longest. It is certainly the best way to learn words. Unfortunately, it takes a very long time to acquire an adequate vocabulary this way. You might need to spend years reading good literature and scholarly articles!
Memorization means that you sit down with a list of words and their meanings and learn them by rote. You've probably done this before; how many of those words do you still remember? The problem with memorization is that information learned this way is easily forgotten. It also takes a lot of conscious effort and is incredibly boring. Besides that, in a single 10-week term, you'd probably only learn about 3,000 words.
There is a better method, the method we'll use in this class. It's called analysis.
An Apache speaker once observed linguists working on his language and remarked, "they break apart our language into little pieces and learn the pieces." This is exactly what we'll be doing with the words English has borrowed from Latin and Greek. We'll learn how to break words into pieces, then figure out the meanings of the pieces, and finally, use those meanings to determine the meaning of the word.
The analysis method is an extremely efficient way of expanding your vocabulary. The same pieces, or word roots, are used over and over in English words. If you learn to recognize the roots that make up those big, academic words, you can figure out something about a word even if you've never seen it before.
This analysis method does require some memorization; the word roots need to be memorized by rote. But by memorizing less than 300 roots, you will have some knowledge of about half of the English borrowed vocabulary, i.e. about 300,000 words. This is a fairly good payoff for a modest amount of effort.
In this class, we will be studying word roots from Latin (or French) and Greek only; we won't be able to analyze words borrowed from other languages. Exotic words often can be analyzed by linguists; for example, the word "Mississippi" was borrowed from Ojibwa (pronounced oh-JIB-way), a Native American language spoken around Lake Superior. It can be divided into the roots Missi / ssippi which literally mean 'great river'. Although this is interesting, it's not a big help in developing English vocabulary because there are very few (three or four) Ojibwa words in English. We also won't be analyzing native words; they are far too old to be analyzable using the techniques we'll be learning in this class. Our first goal in learning word analysis will be to learn to recognize words from the four different sources we have discussed.
1.2.1. Morphemes
Characteristics of morphemes
Problem morphemes
1.2.2. How to analyze words
The 4 Steps of Word Analysis
Word analysis involves breaking a word into its morphemes. So what exactly is a morpheme? Literally, the word "morpheme" means 'an element in a system of forms.' Linguists define it more precisely this way:
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Language works because human beings can form relationships between forms and meanings. A form can be any kind of physical structure. It is easy to think of the letters on a page as shapes or forms, but what about spoken language? Think of the sounds which reach your ears when a speaker says the words "cat" and then "bird." These two words sound different, just as the written forms of these two words look different. From the point of view of our auditory system, these two words have different physical structures, or auditory forms. Each different form evokes a different meaning. We say that each form plus the meaning linked to it is a single morpheme.
In the examples of "cat" and ""bird," each morpheme was a separate word, but this isn't always the case. We could put the two morphemes together to form the compound word "catbird." Here the forms of the two morphemes have been added together to make a new form unit: a single word having two morphemes. At the same time, the meanings of the two morphemes have been combined to create a new meaning: 'a species of songbird that sounds somewhat like a cat'.
Clearly morphemes and words are not necessarily the same thing. Words may be composed of one or many morphemes. In fact, most long words in English can be broken down into smaller units. The longest word in English (according to Webster's Unabridged Dictionary) contains 45 letters; it can be broken down into 9 morphemes.
Characteristics of morphemes
Morphemes have four defining characteristics:
Let's look more closely at each characteristic.
1) Morphemes cannot be subdivided and retain the same meaning.
By definition, morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language. If you try to divide a morpheme into smaller pieces, all you will get are sounds. The individual sounds of language don't have any meaning by themselves; they have to be combined with other sounds before they have meaning. For example, we could break the morpheme "cat" down into the "c" sound, the "a" sound, and the "t" sound. But none of these sounds by itself conveys any meaning; they all have to be put together -- in just the right order -- before a listener will be able to understand the meaning 'feline animal.'
Of course, the sounds could be arranged in other ways to convey other meanings. We could combine just the "a" and "t" sounds, or put the three sounds in reverse order, i.e. "t" + "a" + "c". These arrangements of sounds convey meanings that are not related to the concept of a feline animal. So, these new sound patterns are different morphemes (the morphemes "at" and "tack").
2) Morphemes add meaning to a word.
Each morpheme contributes to the overall meaning of the word. However, some morphemes may affect the overall meaning much more than others. For example, when we began with the morpheme "cat" and added the morpheme "bird," we created a new word with a radically different meaning. In another case, we could begin with "cat" and instead add the morpheme "-s" (meaning 'plural') to get "cats." Here we've changed the overall meaning of the word from 'one cat' to 'more than one cat.' This meaning change is not nearly as significant as in the first case. We have only refined our original concept a bit in terms of number, rather than shifting the meaning to a completely different type of creature.
3) Morphemes can appear in many different words.
Morphemes are recyclable. Word analysis is such a powerful skill because the same morphemes show up over and over in many different words. Once you've learned the meaning of a morpheme and learned to spot it in its different forms, you'll know something about the hundreds of words that use it. For example, in Morpheme Set 1, you are studying the Latin morpheme duc 'lead,draw,pull'. Here are a few of the words which use it:
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reduce |
'to pull back' |
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deduce |
'to draw away from' |
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seduce |
'to lead apart' |
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produce |
'to pull forward' |
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induce |
'to lead into' |
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conduct |
'to lead together' |
Another example is ped 'foot' (also from Latin).
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pedal |
'pertaining to the foot' |
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pedestrian |
'one who use his/her feet for transportation' |
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biped |
'a creature with two feet ' According to legend, Plato defined man as 'a featherless biped.' Diogenes plucked a chicken and brought it to the academy saying, "Here is Plato's man." |
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pedometer |
'an instrument for measuring distance traveled by foot ' |
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pedigree |
'foot of a crane' This came from Old French pied de grue. It was thought that the diagrams of one's lineage (family tree charts) looked like a crane's foot. |
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expedite |
'to free the feet ' i.e. speed up progress |
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impede |
'to have something in the way of one's foot ' i.e. to be slowed down |
4) Morphemes can have any number of syllables.
Don't confuse morphemes with syllables. A syllable is a unit of sound, a morpheme is a unit of meaning.
Sometimes a single morpheme will have several syllables. For example, English speakers would probably consider the word "hurricane" as a single morpheme (although a speaker of Carib, the language from which it originated, might be able to break it into several morphemes).
At other times a morpheme will use less than one syllable. For example, cats has two morphemes in one syllable: 'feline' + 'plural'. For the possessive form cats', we have the meanings 'feline' + 'plural' + 'belonging to' -- three morphemes in a single syllable. Although the possessive (') is shown in writing, it is not pronounced. However the morpheme clearly exists in that word because the words cats and cats' are used differently. The second word would only be used in a situation where the concept of possession is required.
Syllables may divide a morpheme. This is a good reason to ignore syllables when you are doing word analysis. For example, the word "pregnant" has three morphemes:
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pre- / |
gn / |
-ant |
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'before' |
'birth' |
'one who' |
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literally 'one who is before giving birth' |
Problems with morphemes
It would nice if there were always a neat one-to-one correspondence between form and meaning, i.e. if each meaning always had its own individual form. Unfortunately, natural human language isn't like that. Now we'll take a look at some potentially tricky situations that can arise. As we consider these problems, the important thing to keep in mind is that a morpheme is a FORM + MEANING unit; both parts of the unit must be considered when we are trying to decide if we are dealing with one morpheme or two.
1. One form, two (or more) meanings.
Two different meanings can be expressed using the same arrangement of sounds. Since there are clearly two different and unrelated meanings, we would want to say that there are two different morphemes. For example, in Morpheme Set 2, we will learn the two morphemes,
Similarly,
These similarities are just accidental and typically the origins of the two morphemes are completely unrelated.
2. Two (or more) forms, one meaning.
When two different forms have the same meaning, they could be different morphemes -- or they might be a single morpheme. We'll take a look at both situations.
a. Two forms, one meaning = two morphemes
There are two situations in which two forms have the same meaning, but they are different morphemes.
(1) In the first case, the forms are usually rather different from one another. For example, consider
- andr 'man,male' as in android, and
- vir 'man,male' as in virile.
Both morphemes mean the same thing, but they are very different in form. They have completely different origins, and we want to think of them as different morphemes.
(2) In the second case, the forms may be the same or very similar, but they came into English from different sources. For example,
- in- 'into, within' is a prefix English borrowed from Latin. We also have
- in 'into, within', a native English preposition.
If we traced the histories of these two morphemes, we would find that they go back to a single morpheme which existed in the parent language of both Latin and English. Since they come ultimately from the same source, they are very similar in form. However, they came into English through very different historical pathways; one is part of the native vocabulary, the other is borrowed. For this reason, it is reasonable to think of them as separate morphemes. This situation is relatively rare.
b. Two (or more) forms, one meaning = one morpheme
Sometimes two forms with the same meaning may be alternate forms of the same morpheme. For example, in Morpheme Set 1 we have
a- and an- , different forms of a Greek morpheme meaning 'not, without'.
Another case is
pan- and pant- , which are different forms of a Greek morpheme meaning 'all,overall'.
Here the two forms are very similar, often differing in only one consonant or vowel. They typically result from a situation in which an original single form adapted its beginning or ending sounds to the sounds found in other morphemes it combined with. For example, the Greek 'not' morpheme is found in the form a- before roots beginning with consonants, and an- before roots beginning with vowels, just like the English words "a" and "an."
The alternate forms of a single morpheme are called allomorphs, literally 'other forms.' We'll spend a lot of time in later units examining different types of allomorphs.
1.2.2. How to analyze words
As we mentioned in WebLecture 1.1, we will only be analyzing words which were borrowed from either Latin or Greek. We won't be able to analyze Exotic words, nor will we be analyzing Native words. As you learn more and more morphemes from the Classical languages, you will begin to recognize them in words you encounter.
There are four steps in the complete analysis of a word. They are:
You may be asked to do all or part of these steps on exercises and exams. (No dictionary definitions will be necessary on exams.)
To parse a word means to divide it into its morphemes.
On homework problems, look for morphemes that you have memorized. Then use the glossary to find other morphemes that you don't know. DO NOT pay any attention to the syllables in the word. As we discussed above, morphemes often to do not correspond to the syllables of the word. Write the word with slashes between the morphemes and include any hyphens that are shown with the morpheme.
For example, consider the word "repellent." Using the morphemes in Set 1, we can parse it this way:
re- / pel / (l) / -ent
Notice that the word contains an extra letter which does not go with either of the morphemes beside it. You should always try to use each letter as part of a morpheme; however, sometimes this isn't possible. In many cases, the extra letters are relics of the grammar of Latin and Greek. In other cases, such as this one, the extra letter is required by the spelling conventions of English. You should include extra letters in the parsed word, but enclose them in parenthesis to show that they do not contribute to the meaning of the word. Since these extra letters have no meaning, we will not refer to them as morphemes.
To gloss means to give the meaning for a morpheme.
In a complete analysis, you need to provide a meaning for each morpheme. The gloss is written underneath the parsed morpheme in single quotes.
For example,
re- /
pel /
(l) /
-ent
'again, back'
'push'
A, N
Notice that there are sometimes two or more meanings for a single morpheme. They should all be included as part of the gloss. Also, there is no gloss for the extra letter in parenthesis, since it is not a morpheme and has no meaning. Finally, notice that the last morpheme is glossed 'A, N.' The letters stand for 'ADJECTIVE, NOUN' and indicate that the word can be used either as an ADJECTIVE or a NOUN. We will discuss how to differentiate ADJECTIVES and NOUNS in WebLecture 1.3. If the word is given to you in a sentence, you will need to determine whether it is being used as an ADJECTIVE or a NOUN and give only the appropriate gloss.
The final step in word analysis is to use the meanings from the glosses to construct a literal meaning for the word. For our sample word, we might construct a literal meaning this way:
re- /
pel /
(l) /
-ent
'again, back'
'push'
A, N
'something which pushes back'
A literal meaning should be a phrase which sounds sensible to English speakers. Constructing such a phrase often requires a little bit of creativity. For example, in the word "repellent," the concept of 'back' comes before the concept of 'push'; however in the literal meaning, the order of these two concepts is reversed. It is often necessary to rearrange the glosses in order to arrive at a sensible English phrase. Also, if two meanings are possible, it is usually necessary to choose between them.
In our example, the literal meaning of the word is very close to the dictionary definition. This is not always the case. Frequently, the literal meaning must be metaphorically extended to arrive at the actual meaning of the word. Later in the course, we will discuss how meanings can shift.
Also, the meaning of a word can vary depending on the context in which the word is found. For example, the word "morphology" can be analyzed this way:
morph /
(o) /
log /
-y
'shape, form'
'study, speak'
A, N
'the study of shape or form'
By using the principles of word analysis, we can determine that "morphology" is 'the study of shape or form.' But in order to know exactly what kind of forms are being studied, we need to know the context. In the context of a Biology class, we are probably studying the form of plants and animals, but in a Linguistics class, we would be studying the form of words.
Usually, the literal meaning plus your knowledge of metaphorical shifts of meaning and the context in which the word was found are sufficient to understand it. In a few cases, the meaning shift is so great that you may need to consult a dictionary. Some homework problems will require a dictionary definition, but this will not be necessary on exams. All exam words will use literal definitions, or definitions that are transparently derived from literal definitions.
Words - their construction and use1.3.1. How words are constructed
Types of Roots
Types of Affixes
1.3.2. How words are used - NOUNS, VERBS and ADJECTIVES
English words are constructed from two different types of morphemes -- Roots and Affixes. Each of these classes can be further subdivided: Roots can be divided into Free Roots and Bound Roots; Affixes can be divided into Prefixes and Suffixes.
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Roots and affixes differ radically both in the way they affect the meaning of a word and in the way they affect its structure (or form). Let's take a closer look at behavior of these two classes of morphemes.
Roots differ from affixes in two ways:
For example, pter is a root meaning 'wing'. It appears in words like:
pterodactyl
'wing-fingers'
helicopter
'spiral wing'
apterous
'lacking wings'
The form pter always has the specific meaning 'wing' in each word. Also, the meaning 'wing' is a vital and central part of the overall meaning of the word.
Affixes are morphemes which attach to roots or a combination of roots and other affixes. Their main use is to modify the meaning conveyed by the root or roots.
Consider the affix pro- meaning 'before, for, forward'. Some examples are:
propel
'to push forward'
pronoun
'substituting for a noun'
prologue
'something spoken before (something else)'
Although the different senses of pro- are clearly related, the exact meaning shifts somewhat from word to word. As a rule, affix meanings tend to be vaguer and more variable than root meanings. Learning to deal with the "shiftiness" of affixes is an important skill in word analysis.
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Memorize the hyphens |
Roots are written without hyphens. Affixes have a hyphen at the location where they must attach to a root. |
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Strip off obvious affixes first |
This is especially helpful if you can't spot the root. |
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Look for the roots |
They will give you the most information about the word. |
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Find AT LEAST one root per word |
If you can't find at least one root, your analysis is wrong! |
Types of Roots
Free Roots are roots that can occur alone as whole words. Many native words such as blue and berry, are free roots because they can stand alone as single words. Free roots can also be combined with other roots or affixes to form more complex words, for example blueberry and bluish.
Bound Roots can never occur alone as whole words. For example, the roots cran and rasp cannot stand alone; they must occur in combination with other morphemes, such as cranberry and raspberry.
Cranberry literally means 'crane berry' from Dutch and German words. Early Dutch and German settlers to the U.S. used this term for the berry that grows in bogs, replacing the earlier British settlers' term ,"fen berry." Raspberry comes from the earlier "raspis berry." It's believed to be the same word as Middle English raspis 'kind of wine'. It is highly speculative whether this has any relationship to the word rasp 'to scrape'. This may be a "folk etymology." |
Almost all the Latin and Greek roots we are studying are bound roots. Some examples are:
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log |
prologue |
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iatr |
pediatrics |
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phob |
phobia |
Compounds are words constructed from two or more roots. They may or may not have affixes. For example,
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blueberry |
a compound of two free roots |
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anthropology |
a compound of two bound roots |
Types of Affixes
Affixes by definition are always bound or (affixed) to a root. They are divided into two different types depending on where they attach to the root.
The two types of affixes also differ in how they affect the meaning of the word.
Prefixes modify the meaning of the root in some way. Often, they provide spatial information about an action named by the root. For example, the root ced 'go' can be combined with a variety of prefixes which modifying the direction in which the "going" occurs (although the sense of 'go' may be rather metaphorical in some cases).
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secede |
'to go apart' |
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intercede |
'to go between' |
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recede |
'to go back' |
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decedent |
'one who goes away' |
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concede |
'to go together' |
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precede |
'to go before' |
Notice that in constructing the literal meanings, the meaning of the prefix occurs after the meaning of the root. This is necessary to make a sensible English phrase. English grammar requires that the verb is followed by a spatial preposition. Latin (from which all these morphemes came) conveyed the same concepts of ACTION plus DIRECTION in reverse order and in a single word.
Suffixes have two functions, which we'll discuss in WebLecture 1.4. Their most important function is to indicate the part of speech of the word. Suffixes identify a word as being a NOUN, VERB, ADJECTIVE, or ADVERB. They can change the word from one part of speech to another. In fact, multiple suffixes can be added to a single root, changing it first to one part of speech and then another. For example,
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verb --> |
verbal --> |
verbalize --> |
verbalization |
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NOUN |
ADJECTIVE |
VERB |
NOUN |
1.3.2. How words are used - NOUNS, VERBS and ADJECTIVES
Identifying the part of speech (or grammatical class) of a word is important for constructing an appropriate literal meaning. The most important parts of speech for our purposes are NOUNS, VERBS and ADJECTIVES. The majority of English words fall into one of these three classes.
NOUNS, VERBS and ADJECTIVES have both meaning properties and form properties. The meaning (or functional) properties are usually more familiar to students; however, the form (or structural) properties are often the most useful in identifying a word's part of speech.
Functional properties are "uses" which a word serves in a sentence or the meaning it conveys.
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NOUN |
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VERB |
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ADJECTIVE |
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Structural properties include both the kinds of affixes a word can take as well as its position in a sentence relative to other words. Some of the most useful (but by no means all) structural properties are given below:
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VERB |
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NOUN |
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ADJECTIVE |
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In English, it is frequently impossible to determine the part of speech of a word unless you consider it in the context of an entire sentence. Native words are especially problematic because they often have no suffixes when given in their dictionary or citation form. For example, while we sometimes imprecisely refer to words like skirt, table, chair, hand, and arm as NOUNS, they all can be used as verbs without any alteration. Below, the highlighted words are all clearly VERBS in the first column because they have the past tense suffix -ed or follow the infinitive marker "to". In the second column, the same words are all clearly NOUNS because they have the plural suffix -s; they also follow either the word "the" or a possessive pronoun.
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They skirted the issue. |
Their skirts were long. |
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They tried to table the motion. |
The tables were carefully set. |
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She chaired the committee. |
The chairs were pushed in. |
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He handed her the letter. |
Her hands rested on her lap. |
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They wanted to arm the bomb. |
His arms were crossed over his chest. |
Latin and Greek words usually have suffixes which should help us identify the part of speech. Unfortunately, these suffixes often have more than one meaning.
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They delegated the matter to the committee. |
The delegate was confused about the issues. |
Since we can only determine the exact meaning by seeing the word in the context of a sentence, exam questions will always provide a word in a sentence whenever you need to determine its part of speech.
1.4.1. Suffixes -- Complete List of Suffixes in Course
Inflectional suffixes
Derivational suffixes
Meanings of Derivational Suffixes
1.4.2. Prefixes -- Complete List of Prefixes in Course
Spatial Prefixes
Non-Spatial Prefixes
There are two different classes of suffixes: Inflectional and Derivational. Each has its own special function in a word. Briefly,
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INFLECTIONAL Suffixes
Inflectional suffixes are required to make a sentence grammatically correct, but they add little meaning to the word. They never change a word from one grammatical class to another, but each grammatical class has its own special set of inflectional suffixes. Consequently, these suffixes can be useful in helping you determine whether the word is a NOUN, VERB, or ADJECTIVE. In any case, you need to recognize and ignore inflectional suffixes when you are analyzing a word. It's especially important not to confuse them with derivational suffixes, which do alter the meaning of the word and must be glossed.
English has only eight inflectional suffixes; they are listed with examples in the table below.
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NOUN |
-s 'plural' |
The two girls had eaten dinner. |
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-'s 'possessive' |
The cat's tail was twitching. | |
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VERB |
-ed 'past tense' |
The blackest dog never barked. |
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-s '3rd person present tense' |
The smaller dog barks a lot. | |
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-ing 'present participle' |
The cat's tail was twitching. | |
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-en 'past participle' |
The two girls had eaten dinner. | |
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ADJECTIVE |
-er 'comparative' |
The smaller dog barks a lot. |
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-est 'superlative' |
The blackest dog never barked |
The noun suffixes -s and -'s indicate either plurality or possession. They both sound the same in the spoken language, although they are distinguished in the written form. Be careful not to confuse these suffixes with a derivational suffix with same form (in Morpheme Set 3).
Verbs have four suffixes: -ed, -s, -ing, -en. Their main function is to distinguish the tense of the verb. Notice that verbs also have a suffix -s, although in this case it indicates that the verb is present tense and being used with a third-person subject, i.e. something other than "I" or "you."
The adjective suffixes -er and -est are also considered inflectional. They are used when comparing two things (-er) or more than two things (-est). Be sure to distinguish the -er suffix from a derivational suffix with the same form (in Morpheme Set 2).
Remember: You need to be able to recognize inflectional suffixes; you do not need to gloss them. If an inflectional suffix occurs, it will always be the last suffix of any type in the word, and there will only be one inflectional suffix in any word.
DERIVATION Suffixes
In this WebLecture, we will discuss all the derivational affixes in the course as a group. Of course, you always are only responsible for the affixes given in the current and earlier morpheme sets. As you study each new morpheme set, you may wish to refer back to this section.
Derivational suffixes are used to make (or derive) new words. In particular, they are used to change a word from one grammatical class to another. For example, the noun "pore" can be changed into an adjective by adding the suffix -ous, resulting in the adjective "porous" 'having pores'. In some cases, the suffix doesn't change the part of speech, but it may add significantly to the meaning and these changes will affect the literal meaning.
We can organize derivation suffixes into three groups, depending on the type of new word they create. In the example above, we call -ous an Adjective-Forming Suffix because it creates adjectives. Below are some more examples of derivation suffixes which change parts of speech.
|
|
|
|
|
Noun-Forming Suffixes |
VERB --> NOUN |
speak + er |
|
ADJ --> NOUN |
economic + s | |
|
Adjective-Forming Suffixes |
NOUN --> ADJ |
person + al |
|
VERB --> ADJ |
act + ive | |
|
Verb-Forming Suffixes |
NOUN --> VERB |
victim + ize |
|
ADJ --> VERB |
vocal + ize |
As we've seen, one can add derivational suffixes almost indefinitely. For example, the word "educationalization" contains one prefix, one root, and six derivational suffixes.
|
e / |
duc / |
ate / |
ion / |
al / |
ize / |
ate / |
ion |
|
'away, out' |
'lead, draw, pull' |
VERB |
NOUN |
ADJ |
VERB |
N, A, V |
NOUN |
Some derivational suffixes do multiple tasks. For example, the suffix -ate can create nouns, adjectives and verbs. This sometimes makes it difficult to gloss non-final derivational suffixes. If you can't tell for sure, just use the complete gloss which you memorized. When words are used in the context of a sentence, their grammatical class is clear and the exact meaning of the derivational suffix can be determined. When the word is given to you in a sentence, all final suffixes must have a SINGLE gloss. You will always be given words in sentences on exams. This usually isn't the case on homework problems; consequently, your answers may differ slightly from ours.
No matter how many suffixes are strung together at the end of a word, the rules is always the same:
Meanings of Derivational Suffixes
When you analyze words, it is usually easiest to gloss derivational suffixes as NOUN, VERB, or ADJECTIVE. When you construct a literal meaning, you need to be careful that this meaning is appropriate to the part of speech that the word belongs to. For example, 'running' is a literal meaning for an adjective, but 'that which runs' is a literal meaning for a noun. (The words are cursive and cursor.)
NOUN Suffixes
Literal meanings for nouns almost always begin with words such as 'a', 'an', 'the', 'that which', or 'one who'. Different types of noun suffixes have slightly different meanings.
|
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
General | |||
|
-ic |
'a thing' 'a substance' 'one that is related to' 'that which pertains to' |
topic |
'that which pertains to a place' |
|
-ment |
segment |
'a thing which is cut' | |
|
-s |
pathos |
'the feeling' | |
|
-um |
album |
'a white thing' | |
|
-ure |
nature |
'the properties of something present from birth' | |
|
Abstract | |||
|
-ence / -ance |
'an act of' 'a state of' 'the process of' 'the result of'
|
prominence |
'the result of jutting forth' |
|
-ion |
action |
'the result of acting' | |
|
-ive |
missive |
'the result of sending' (or 'that which was sent') | |
|
-sis |
genesis |
'the process of birth' ('the beginning') | |
|
-y |
biology |
'the act of studying living things' (or 'the study of life forms') | |
|
-ism |
'the belief' 'the practice' |
baptism |
'the practice of dipping' |
|
-ity |
[name of a quality] |
verity |
'the quality of being true' |
|
Agent | |||
|
-ate |
'one who' 'that which' |
advocate |
'one who speaks toward (for) something' |
|
-er / -or |
worker |
'one who works' | |
|
-ent / -ant |
servant |
'one who serves' | |
|
-ist |
'one who engages in a belief or practice' |
communist |
'one who practices communism' |
|
Location | |||
|
-arium |
'a place where' |
aquarium |
'a place where water is' |
|
-ary / -ory |
dormitory |
'a place for sleeping' | |
|
-ia |
'the land' 'the area' |
suburbia |
'the land below the city' (i.e. 'the area secondary to the city') |
|
Diminuative | |||
|
-le / -ole / -cle |
'little' |
muscle |
'a little mouse' |
|
Medical | |||
|
-ia |
'a medical condition' |
insomnia |
'a medical condition of lacking sleep' |
|
-itis |
'an inflammation' |
bronchitis |
'an inflammation of the bronchial tubes' |
|
-oma |
'a tumor' 'a growth' |
fibroma |
'a tumor having fiber (i.e. fibrous tissue)' |
VERB Suffixes
Literal meanings for verbs should always begin 'to', the infinitive marker. (The infinitive form of a verb is one that doesn't show any tense.) In some cases, verbs convey the meaning 'to cause to' or 'to make', but in other cases the idea of causation has been lost, although the same suffix is used in each case. One special verb suffix is -esc / -sc conveys a notion of change or mutation and often means 'to become'. Here are some examples:
|
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
-ate |
'to VERB' 'to cause to' 'to make' |
liberate |
'to free' |
|
-ize |
vocalize |
'to make vocal' | |
|
-sc / -esc |
'to become' 'to change' |
convalesce |
'to become much stronger' |
ADJECTIVE Suffixes
Literal meanings for adjectives often begin with the words 'having', 'being', or 'pertaining to' . When an adjective is formed from a verb, you can sometimes gloss it as 'VERB + ing' (VERB stands for whatever the original verb was.) One special case is -oid which almost always should be glossed 'resembling'. Another adjective suffix with a special meaning is -able / ible 'able to'. Here are some examples:
|
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
-able / -ible |
'able to' |
adorable |
'able to be adored' |
|
-al |
'having' 'being' 'pertaining to' 'VERB + ing ' |
natal |
'pertaining to birth' |
|
-ary / -ory |
sensory |
'pertaining to feeling' | |
|
-ate |
irate |
'having anger (ire)' | |
|
-ent / -ant |
fluent |
'flowing' | |
|
-ic |
chronic |
'pertaining to time' | |
|
-ile |
senile |
'being old' | |
|
-ine |
canine |
'pertaining to dogs' | |
|
-ite |
finite |
'having an end' | |
|
-ive |
cursive |
'running' | |
|
-ous |
dolorous |
'suffering' | |
|
-oid |
'resembling' |
android |
'resembling a man' |
1.4.2. Prefixes
Spatial Prefixes
The largest group of prefixes denote relationships that occur in space. Often, these spatial meanings are metaphorically extended to relationships in time. These prefixes may also have additional meanings and variant forms, which are listed in the glossary.
|
ab- / abs- 'from' |
ecto- 'outside' |
ob- 'towards' |
|
ad- 'toward' |
endo- 'inside' |
para- 'beside' |
|
ambi- / amphi- 'both' |
epi- 'on' |
per- 'through' |
|
ana- 'back(ward)' |
ex- / e- / ec- 'out, away' |
peri- 'around' |
|
ante- / anti- 'before' |
extra- 'outside' |
post- 'after' |
|
anti- 'opposite' |
hyper- / super- 'over' |
pre- 'before |
|
apo- 'away from' |
hypo- 'under' |
pro- 'forward' |
|
cata- 'down' |
in- / en- 'in, into' |
re- / red- 'back' |
|
circum- 'around' |
infra- 'below' |
se- / sed- 'apart' |
|
con- / co- 'together' |
intra- 'within' |
sub- 'under' |
|
de- 'down' |
inter- 'between' |
supra- 'above' |
|
dia- 'through' |
meso- 'middle' |
syn- 'together' |
|
dis- / di- 'apart' |
meta- 'beyond' |
trans- / tra- 'across' |
Non-Spatial Prefixes
Some prefixes convey non-spatial concepts such as the comparison of one object with others, or information about the size or quantity of the object or substance
|
hetero- 'other, different' |
|
homo- / homeo- 'same' |
|
iso- 'equal' |
|
micro- 'small' |
|
macro- 'long, large' |
|
omni- 'all' |
|
pan- / pant- 'all, overall' |
Negative prefixes convey the concept of 'not' as well as related concepts such as 'opposite of', 'lacking', or simple 'bad'.
|
a- / an- 'not, without' |
|
in- 'not' |
|
dys- 'bad' |
|
anti- 'the opposite of' or 'opposed to' |
|
contra- / counter- 'opposed to, in opposition' |
Many spatial prefixes can be used to strengthen or intensify the meaning of the root to which they are attached. When these prefixes are used intensively, they should be glossed as 'very', 'intensively', 'completely', 'strongly', or some similar meaning, rather than using their spatial meaning. Although these "double meanings" of spatial morphemes may seen odd at first, it is actually quite common in languages. English has a number of native words and phrases with spatial meanings that are used to strengthen other words. Below are some examples of Latin spatial morphemes and English spatial words used intensively.
|
conspicuous 'very easily seen' |
"altogether visible" |
|
declare 'very clear' |
"downright clear" |
|
inflammable 'very flammable' (in- 'in', NOT in- 'not') |
"out and out flammable" |
|
perfect 'completely done' |
"done through and through" |
|
insist 'to stand strongly (for something)' |
"stand outright (for something)" |
It is sometimes tricky to be sure that the prefix has an intensive meaning, but be sure to consider it when the spatial meaning doesn't seem to make sense.
|
Continue with the Unit 1 Reading Assignment 1. |


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|
ReactPhysics3D
0.7.1
Physics engine library
|
This is the default collision dispatch configuration use in ReactPhysics3D. More...
#include <DefaultCollisionDispatch.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| DefaultCollisionDispatch ()=default | |
| Constructor. | |
| virtual | ~DefaultCollisionDispatch () override=default |
| Destructor. | |
| virtual NarrowPhaseAlgorithm * | selectAlgorithm (int type1, int type2) override |
| Select and return the narrow-phase collision detection algorithm to use between two types of collision shapes. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from reactphysics3d::CollisionDispatch | |
| CollisionDispatch ()=default | |
| Constructor. | |
| virtual | ~CollisionDispatch ()=default |
| Destructor. | |
Protected Attributes | |
| SphereVsSphereAlgorithm | mSphereVsSphereAlgorithm |
| Sphere vs Sphere collision algorithm. | |
| CapsuleVsCapsuleAlgorithm | mCapsuleVsCapsuleAlgorithm |
| Capsule vs Capsule collision algorithm. | |
| SphereVsCapsuleAlgorithm | mSphereVsCapsuleAlgorithm |
| Sphere vs Capsule collision algorithm. | |
| SphereVsConvexPolyhedronAlgorithm | mSphereVsConvexPolyhedronAlgorithm |
| Sphere vs Convex Polyhedron collision algorithm. | |
| CapsuleVsConvexPolyhedronAlgorithm | mCapsuleVsConvexPolyhedronAlgorithm |
| Capsule vs Convex Polyhedron collision algorithm. | |
| ConvexPolyhedronVsConvexPolyhedronAlgorithm | mConvexPolyhedronVsConvexPolyhedronAlgorithm |
| Convex Polyhedron vs Convex Polyhedron collision algorithm. | |
This is the default collision dispatch configuration use in ReactPhysics3D.
Collision dispatching decides which collision algorithm to use given two types of proxy collision shapes.
|
overridevirtual |
Select and return the narrow-phase collision detection algorithm to use between two types of collision shapes.
Implements reactphysics3d::CollisionDispatch.


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Data Fields | |
| int | iAdapterIndex |
| the logic adapter index | |
| int | iSLSMapIndex |
| The SLS map index. | |
| ADLDisplayTarget | displayTarget |
| The target ID. | |
| int | iSLSGridPositionX |
| Target postion X in SLS grid. | |
| int | iSLSGridPositionY |
| Target postion Y in SLS grid. | |
| ADLMode | viewSize |
| The view size width, height and rotation angle per SLS Target. | |
| int | iSLSTargetMask |
| The bit mask identifies the bits in iSLSTargetValue are currently used. | |
| int | iSLSTargetValue |
| The bit mask identifies status info. It is for function extension purpose. |
This structure is used to store the SLS targets information.
the logic adapter index
The SLS map index.
The target ID.
Target postion X in SLS grid.
Target postion Y in SLS grid.
The view size width, height and rotation angle per SLS Target.
The bit mask identifies the bits in iSLSTargetValue are currently used.
The bit mask identifies status info. It is for function extension purpose.


- mag(double, double) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- mag(double, double, double) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- mag() - Method in class JProcessing.Processing.PVector
-
- magSq() - Method in class JProcessing.Processing.PVector
-
- map(float, float, float, float, float) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- map(double, double, double, double, double) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- mask(BufferedImage) - Method in class JProcessing.Processing.PImage
-
- mask(int[]) - Method in class JProcessing.Processing.PImage
-
- max(int, int) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- max(long, long) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- max(float, float) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- max(double, double) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- max(byte[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- max(short[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- max(int[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- max(long[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- max(float[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- max(double[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- millis() - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(int, int) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(long, long) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(float, float) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(double, double) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(byte[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(short[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(int[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(long[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(float[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- min(double[]) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- minute() - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- MITER - Static variable in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Stroke join mode -- joins path segments by extending their outside edges until they meet.
- month() - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
- mouseButton - Variable in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Numerical representation of mouse button last being pressed
- mouseClicked(MouseEvent) - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mouseClicked(event)
function, invoked when a mouse button has been clicked.
- mouseClicked() - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mouseClicked()
function, invoked when a mouse button has been clicked.
- mouseDragged(MouseEvent) - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mouseDragged(event)
function, invoked when mouse cursor drags across the GUI window.
- mouseDragged() - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mouseDragged()
function, invoked when mouse cursor drags across the GUI window.
- mouseMoved(MouseEvent) - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mouseMoved(event)
function, invoked when mouse cursor moves across the GUI window.
- mouseMoved() - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mouseMoved()
function, invoked when mouse cursor moves across the GUI window.
- mousePressed - Variable in class JProcessing.Processing
-
If a mouse button is currently being pressed
- mousePressed(MouseEvent) - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mousePressed(event)
function, invoked when a mouse button has been pressed.
- mousePressed() - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mousePressed()
function, invoked when a mouse button has been pressed.
- mouseReleased(MouseEvent) - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mouseReleased(event)
function, invoked when a mouse button has been released.
- mouseReleased() - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mouseReleased()
function, invoked when a mouse button has been released.
- mouseWheel(MouseWheelEvent) - Method in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Processing void mouseWheel(event)
function, invoked when mouse wheel rolls.
- mouseX - Variable in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Current X location of the mouse cursor
- mouseY - Variable in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Current Y location of the mouse cursor
- MOVE - Static variable in class JProcessing.Processing
-
Mouse cursor -- the move cursor type
- mult(value) - Method in class JProcessing.Processing.PVector
-
- mult(Processing.PVector, value) - Static method in class JProcessing.Processing.PVector
-


public interface MASPayload
MASPayload describes the message format that is passed between MAS clients. The payload is a simple JSON document consisting of 8 key/value pairs;
This payload is opaque to the message broker and the format is MAS SDK specific. There is no expectation within the message broker of format or content. It is simply a byte stream.
From the design document the payload should be of the form:
{ "Version":"1.0", "SenderId":"user id", "SenderType":"USER", "DisplayName":"User Name", "SentTime":1438386369, "ProcessedTime":1446600366, "ForwardedTime":1446600373, "ContentType":"text/plain", "ContentEncoding":"base64", "Payload":"QWxsIHlvdXIgYXBpJ3MgYXJlIGJlbG9uZ3MgdG8gdXMh" }
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
java.lang.String |
createJSONStringFromMASMessage(android.content.Context context)
Description: This method takes the entire MASPayload attributes and create a Base64 encoded
version of the JSON document representing the payload.
|
void |
createMASMessageFromJSONString(java.lang.String jsonStr)
Description: This method takes a JSON object that has been turned into a String and attempts to turn it into a
MASPayload object.
|
java.lang.String |
getContentEncoding()
Description: The payload's content encoding.
|
java.lang.String |
getContentType()
Description: Get the {IANA MIME} media type.
|
java.lang.String |
getDisplayName()
Description: The string value set by the application developer.
|
byte[] |
getPayload()
Description: This payload is a byte stream that is meaningful to the receiving client.
|
java.lang.String |
getSenderId()
Description: The Id of the sender from the MASUser instance.
|
java.lang.String |
getSenderType()
Description: Get the sender type that has context within the implementing application.
|
long |
getSentTime()
Description: The number of milliseconds since the Epoch returned by an OS call to getTime, for example.
|
java.lang.String |
getVersion()
Description: The version will always be 1.0.
|
void |
setContentEncoding(java.lang.String encoding)
Description: The payload's content encoding.
|
void |
setContentType(java.lang.String contentType)
Description: Set the {IANA MIME} media type.
|
void |
setPayload(byte[] payload)
Description: This payload is a byte stream that is meaningful to the receiving client.
|
void |
setSenderId(java.lang.String senderId)
Description: The Id of the sender from the MASUser instance.
|
void |
setSenderType(java.lang.String senderType)
Description: Set the sender type that has context within the implementing application.
|
void |
setSentTime(long sentTime)
Description: The number of milliseconds since the Epoch returned by an OS call to getTime, for example.
|
void |
setVersion(java.lang.String version)
Description: The version will always be 1.0.
|
void setVersion(java.lang.String version)
version
- the value '1.0'java.lang.String getVersion()
java.lang.String getDisplayName()
void setSenderId(java.lang.String senderId)
senderId
- the identifier so that the recipient will know who it is from.java.lang.String getSenderId()
void setSenderType(java.lang.String senderType)
senderType
- one of USER, DEVICE, APPLICATION, etc.java.lang.String getSenderType()
void setSentTime(long sentTime)
sentTime
- the time the message was sent by the client in millisecondslong getSentTime()
com.ca.mas.connecta.client.MASConnectaClient#publish
void setContentType(java.lang.String contentType)
contentType
- the string representing the MIME type, such as 'text/plain'.java.lang.String getContentType()
void setContentEncoding(java.lang.String encoding)
encoding
- a string representation of a the content encoding such as 'base64'. The default is utf-8.java.lang.String getContentEncoding()
void setPayload(byte[] payload)
payload
- - the data part of the MASMessagebyte[] getPayload()
java.lang.String createJSONStringFromMASMessage(android.content.Context context) throws MASMessageException
{ "Version":"1.0", "SenderId":"me", "SenderType":"USER", "SentTime":1457383162000, "ContentType":"text/plain", "ContentEncoding":"utf8", "Payload":"U29tZSBwYXlsb2FkIG1lc3NhZ2U=" }
MASMessageException
void createMASMessageFromJSONString(java.lang.String jsonStr) throws MASMessageException
jsonStr
- the JSON object, as a String, representing the MASPayload.MASMessageException
- if the String cannot be converted or is not valid JSON.


--- layout: page title: "Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE)" description: "This document defines Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE), a method for application-layer protection of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), using CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE). OSCORE provides end-to-end protection between endpoints communicating using CoAP or CoAP-mappable HTTP. OSCORE is designed for constrained nodes and networks supporting a range of proxy operations, including translation between different transport protocols." ---
| Document Name: | RFC 8613 |
|---|---|
| Document URI: |
urn:ietf:rfc:8613
|
| Online Version: |
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8613
|
| Organization: | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) |
| Series: | Request for Comments (RFC) |
| Abstract: | This document defines Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE), a method for application-layer protection of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), using CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE). OSCORE provides end-to-end protection between endpoints communicating using CoAP or CoAP-mappable HTTP. OSCORE is designed for constrained nodes and networks supporting a range of proxy operations, including translation between different transport protocols. |
OSCORE
Return to ( Series | Organization | all Specifications )


Ivan Belyavtsev
18.02.2022
This part of course is going to be boring. There is plenty of preliminary work. We’ll get a somehow working application tomorrow only.
WNDCLASS
or WNDCLASSEX
instanceRegisterClass
or RegisterClassEx
callCreateWindow
or CreateWindowEx
and keep HWND
resultsShowWindows
to present [1]GetMessage
or PeekMessage
TranslateMessage
to make the message readableDispatchMessage
to handling (DispatchMessage
calls the windows procedure from WNDCLASS
) [1]WinMain
procedure and cg::utils::window
classmodel
and camera
creation code into init
method of dx12_renderer
classThe Microsoft Component Object Model (COM) is a platform-independent, distributed, object-oriented system for creating binary software components that can interact[2].
All COM interfaces inherit from the IUnknown
interface.
IUnknown
interface has the next functions:
QueryInterface(REFIID riid, LPVOID *ppv)
AddRef()
Release()
[2]Use the IID_PPV_ARGS
macro to get both arguments
Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr is a C++ template smart-pointer for COM objects that is used extensively in Windows Runtime (WinRT) C++ programming.
wrl/client.h
Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr


Files CCore/inc/gadget/MSec.h CCore/src/gadget/MSec.cpp
MSec represents a time in the millisecond units. Usually it is used to represent timeouts or short time intervals. To create a MSec you can use the following user-defined literals:
100_msec // 100 milliseconds 10_sec // 10 seconds 5_min // 5 minutes 1_hour // 1 hour
You can also sum MSecs or multiply by unsigned:
10*1_hour+25_min
There are few helper methods of the class:
struct MSec { unsigned time; // in milliseconds // constructors // there is no default constructor -- this is deliberate constexpr MSec(NothingType) : time(0) {} // null value explicit constexpr MSec(unsigned time_) : time(time_) {} // given value // methods constexpr unsigned operator + () const { return time; } // extract time // time is not null constexpr bool operator ! () const { return !time; } // time is null MSec cap(MSec lim) { Replace_min(time,lim.time); return *this; } // cap self to the limit };
MSec methods and functions are constexpr (except cap), so you can use it to create constants.


Member :
Dean Collins
Institution :
Instituion Name
Parish :
Parish Name
Club Year :
Club Year
BUTTON


Litecoin (a lite version of Bitcoin) was released October 7, 2011.
Litecoin is the fourth-largest true cryptocurrency by market capitalization
The main feature is use of scrypt as its proof-of-work algorithm.
The original intended purpose of using Scrypt was to allow miners to mine both Bitcoin and Litecoin at the same time. The choice to use scrypt was also partially to avoid giving advantage to video card (GPU), FPGA and ASIC miners over CPU miners.
While ASICs can be adopted for any purpose and are likely to be introduced for Litecoin, the use of scrypt should delay this change, and preserve the decentralization in mining that brings a decentralized currency so much of its value and resiliency.)
The second important feature is a reduced transaction confirmation time targeted at 2.5 minutes on average.
| Coin Market | Home Page | Block Explorer |
| [ CoinMarket Page ] | [ litecoin ] |
[ Explorer 1 ]
[ Exprorer 2 ] |


Estimation of production functions by the Olley-Pakes, Levinsohn-Petrin and Wooldridge methodologies. The package aims to reproduce the results obtained with the Stata's user written opreg <http://www.stata-journal.com/article.html?article=st0145> and levpet <http://www.stata-journal.com/article.html?article=st0060> commands. The first was originally proposed by Olley, G.S. and Pakes, A. (1996) <doi:10.2307/2171831>. The second by Levinsohn, J. and Petrin, A. (2003) <doi:10.1111/1467-937X.00246>. And the third by Wooldridge (2009) <doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2009.04.026>.
| Version: | 1.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.0) |
| Imports: | lazyeval, boot, minpack.lm, Formula, gmm |
| Published: | 2018-05-01 |
| Author: | Rodrigo R Remédio [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Rodrigo R Remédio <rremedio at hotmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | estprod results |
| Reference manual: | estprod.pdf |
| Package source: | estprod_1.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: estprod_1.1.zip, r-release: estprod_1.1.zip, r-oldrel: estprod_1.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: estprod_1.1.tgz, r-oldrel: estprod_1.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | estprod archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=estprod to link to this page.


If you'd like to visit Empire State Building, heres a map you can follow
Why not listen to some Voxtrot on your drive!


Python 2.7.7 |Anaconda 2.0.1 (64-bit)| (default, Jun 11 2014, 10:40:02) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://binstar.org
? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help -> Python's own help system.
object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
%guiref -> A brief reference about the graphical user interface.
In [1]: runfile('Y:/Housing ABM/Code/InitialSalePrice.py', wdir='Y:/Housing ABM/Code')
lower mean = 0.97100070122
loer stdev = 0.0246698798912
lower prob = 0.360276501316
exponential fit (location, scale) = (-0.99887922782857308, 0.027878022391685259)
upper mean = 1.10089287983
upper stdev = 0.0982460484307
upper prob = 0.365578728251
exponential fit (location, scale) = (1.0010437889831263, 0.099838854773520169)
C:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\parsers.py:1130: DtypeWarning: Columns (20,21) have mixed types. Specify dtype option on import or set low_memory=False.
data = self._reader.read(nrows)
In [2]:


Often, a transmission has multiple gear ratios (or simply "gears") with the ability to switch between them as speed varies. This switching may be done manually (by the operator) or automatically. Directional (forward and reverse) control may also be provided. Single-ratio transmissions also exist, which simply change the speed and torque (and sometimes direction) of motor output.
A transmission is a machine in a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of the power. Often the term transmission refers simply to the gearbox that uses gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device. The most common use is in motor vehicles, where the transmission adapts the output of the internal combustion engine to the drive wheels. Such engines need to operate at a relatively high rotational speed, which is inappropriate for starting, stopping, and slower travel. The transmission reduces the higher engine speed to the slower wheel speed, increasing torque in the process.
Conventional gear/belt transmissions are not the only mechanism for speed/torque adaptation. Alternative mechanisms include torque converters and power transformation (e.g. diesel-electric transmission and hydraulic drive system). Hybrid configurations also exist. Automatic transmissions use a valve body to shift gears using fluid pressures in response to speed and throttle input.
In motor vehicles, the transmission generally is connected to the engine crankshaft via a flywheel or clutch or fluid coupling, partly because internal combustion engines cannot run below a particular speed.
Manual transmissions often feature a driver-operated clutch and a movable gear stick. Most automobile manual transmissions allow the driver to select any forward gear ratio ("gear") at any time, but some, such as those commonly mounted on motorcycles and some types of racing cars, only allow the driver to select the next-higher or next-lower gear.
A dual-clutch transmission is a type of automatic transmission or automated automotive transmission. It uses two separate clutches for odd and even gear sets. It can be described as two separate manual transmissions with their respective clutches contained within one housing, and working as one unit.
A continuously variable transmission (CVT), also known as a shiftless transmission, single-speed transmission, stepless transmission, pulley transmission, or, in case of motorcycles, a 'twist-and-go', is an automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through a continuous range of effective gear ratios.
A torque converter is a type of fluid coupling which transfers rotating power from a prime mover, like an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. In a vehicle with an automatic transmission, the torque converter connects the power source to the load.


Hello
ABOUT ME
Hi! I'm Mengda (Albert) and I graduated from UBC with a master degree of Data Science in 2019 and a bachelor of electrical engineering in 2018. During my undergraduate life, I realised there is an increasing demand for new techniques to effectively transfer vast amount of data into valuable and meaningful information. This has motivated me to study a little more every day and to pursue a higher education. My current interest lies in applying machine learning/Deep learning to make better decisions.
M. Yu
Contact
Feel free to send me a message or contact me If you have something interesting to tell me.


| 016:013 Khan | : |
And whatsoever He has created for you on this earth of varying colours [and qualities from vegetation and fruits, etc. (botanical life) and from animal (zoological life)]. Verily! In this is a sign for people who remember. |
| 016:013 Maulana | : |
And what He has created for you in the earth is of varied hues. Surely there is a sign in this for a people who are mindful. |
| 016:013 Pickthal | : |
And whatsoever He hath created for you in the earth of divers hues, lo! therein is indeed a portent for people who take heed. |
| 016:013 Rashad | : |
And (He created) for you on earth things of various colors. This is a (sufficient) proof for people who take heed. |
| 016:013 Sarwar | : |
All that He has created for you on the earth are of different colors. In this there is evidence of the Truth for the people who take heed. |
| 016:013 Shakir | : |
And what He has created in the earth of varied hues most surely there is a sign in this for a people who are mindful. |
| 016:013 Sherali | : |
And the things of diverse hues that HE has created for you in the earth also serve your purpose. Surely, in that is a Sign for a people who take heed. |
| 016:013 Yusufali | : |
And the things on this earth which He has multiplied in varying colours (and qualities): verily in this is a sign for men who celebrate the praises of Allah (in gratitude). |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > وحدانيته Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> Singularity and Being Unique الإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية > الإنسان > شرفه ودنوه Man and The Social Relations>Man>When Honourable and When Unhonourable الإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية > الرجل والمرأة Man and The Social Relations>Man and Woman التجارة و الزراعة و الصناعة و الصيد > الزارعة Trade, Agriculture, Industry and Hunting>Agriculture العلوم والفنون > الحقائق العلمية و الإشاة إلى وقائع أيدتهاالإكتشافات العلمية > الزراعة Science and Art> The Scientific Facts and the Indication to Facts which have been supported by the Scientific Discoveries>Agriculture
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


$def with (photos, offset, has_next) $for photo in photos: $if 'Thumbnail' in photo['urls']:
$if not photos: No photos available. Use the command line tools to fetch some. $else: $if offset is not None: $if offset != 0: Previous page $if has_next:| $if has_next: Next page


iSign is a sign language recognition system from the perspective of the signer. Get the most updated code from GitHub.
iSign is made using,
The project is divided into 3 parts
component-test
contains the scripts to test out the different components of the system.phone-screen-show
contains the unity project which is used to receive the output sent by the DPU in realtime translation.sensor-data-sender
contains scripts which are used to send data from the controller to the DPU, and also scripts to process the data.| MPU-6050 | Raspberry Pi |
|---|---|
| VCC | 5V pin |
| GND | Ground pin |
| SCL | SCL |
| SDA | SDA |
| Touch Breakout | Raspberry PI |
|---|---|
| VCC | 5V pin |
| GND | Ground pin |
| Pad0 Output | GPIO 22 |
| Pad1 Output | GPIO 27 |
| Pad2 Output | GPIO 17 |
| Pad3 Output | GPIO 24 |
| Pad4 Output | GPIO 23 |
| Touch Breakout | Raspberry Pi |
|---|---|
| Pad0 | Forehead |
| Pad1 | Nose |
| Pad2 | Chin |
| Pad3 | Ear |
| Pad4 | Cheeks |
Installing Requirements
phone-screen-show/APK/phone.apk
on an android phone.requirements_controller.txt
in the controller and requirements_dpu.txt
in the DPU.Configuration
sensor-data-sender/config.json
file as per the description below| Variable | Description | Type |
|---|---|---|
| dev | Use mock data for developement | Boolean |
| dpu-ip | IP address of the DPU | String (Local IPv4) |
| rpi-ip | IP address of the controller | String (Local IPv4) |
| openpose-build-python | Build location of openpose python binaries | String (Directory) |
| openpose-build | Build location of openpose | String (Directory) |
| openpose-bin | Bin directory of openpose | String (Director) |
| openpose-model | location of openpose model | Boolean |
| right-handed | Is the signer right handed? | Boolean |
Execution:
data_sender.py
on the controller, once it says wating
in the console, it is ready to get commands from the DPU.| Script | Description |
|---|---|
| reciver_debug.py | Simply receives data from controller and displays it. |
| data_saver.py | Saves the data received from controller in file. |
| file_player.py | Shows the data of the target file in a Player. |
| count_rdf.py | Counts all the Raw Data Frames collected. |
| extract_features.py | Extract features of the collected data and saves it in a csv file. |
| dnn_train.py | Trains a neural network model with the extracted data and saves it. |
| predict_from_file.py | Runs prediction for a target file, (use for testing instead of realtime prediction for weak Systems) |
| predict_real_time.py | Runs prediction in realtime by receiving data from controller (Can only be used by Powerful Systems). |
file_player.py
, simply double click on a data file and use view_data.bat
to open it.Record Data > Extract Feature > Train > Predict RealTime/File
data_sender
becomes unresponsive, restart it in the controller.Development for iSign has finished, but if the community requests new features or some bad design is noticed, I will try my best to add/change it.
You can contribute this project by,
If you have any problems or you want to contact me for feature ideas or want to collaborate in development you can contact me on DefineX Community discord server.
You can donate me on PayPal.
This project is license to the Apache License 2.0, check out the full license over here.


|
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
public interface BaseSvcSoap
Interface for the basic Web service functionality shared by the Address and Tax Service -- essentially setting the connection and authentication information necessary for both service proxies to connect to Avalara's Web services.
Example: EngineConfiguration config = new FileProvider("avatax4j.wsdd"); AddressSvcLocator svcLoc = new AddressSvcLocator(config); AddressSvcSoap svc = svcLoc.getAddressSvcSoap(new URL("http://www.avalara.com/services/")); // Set the profile Profile profile = new Profile(); profile.setClient("AddressSvcTest,<IP_ADDRESS>"); svc.setProfile(profile); // Set security Security security = new Security(); security.setAccount("account"); security.setLicense("license number"); svc.setSecurity(security); PingResult result = svc.ping("");
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
Profile |
getProfile()
Get the Profile information for the service. |
Security |
getSecurity()
Get the authentication information via a Security object. |
void |
setProfile(Profile profile)
Set the Profile information for the service. |
void |
setSecurity(Security security)
Set the authentication information via a Security object. |
| Method Detail |
|---|
void setProfile(Profile profile) throws javax.xml.soap.SOAPException
profile
-
javax.xml.soap.SOAPException
Profile getProfile()
void setSecurity(Security security)
Security
object.
security
- Security getSecurity()
Security
object.
|
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


A language-agnostic parser generator.
Write once, parse anywhere.
Waxeye is a parser generator based on parsing expression grammars (PEGs).
It supports C, Java, JavaScript, Python, Ruby and Racket.
For a more hands-on demonstration, make sure to check out the demo.
Installation instructions are on GitHub. To learn more about using Waxeye, read the manual.


Are you ready for winter?
by Rob GibsonDespite living through one of the most damaging winter storm seasons in 2018, a new BC Hydro report finds many British Columbians remain unprepared for storm-related power outages.
The report looks at the operational challenges faced by BC Hydro due to an increase in the frequency and severity of weather events in our province.
In 2018, British Columbians experienced a record number of power outages as a result of adverse weather causing trees and vegetation to come into contact with power lines and transformers.
Hydro says 30 per cent of outages in the province can be attributed to storm damage.
One storm in December of 2018 – the largest in BC Hydro history – caused unprecedented damage and left over 750,000 customers without power. Of those, seven per cent remained without heat and lights for more than 72 hours.
The study indicates that despite those numbers, a full 60 per cent of British Columbians have not taken steps to be more prepared for storm-related power outages, and more than half do not have an emergency kit.
With winter right around the corner, you're advised to prepare for storm-related power outages, including a well-stocked emergency kit with supplies for each member of the household for at least 72 hours. An emergency kit should include basic supplies, such as:
- A flashlight and extra batteries
- First aid kit
- Required medications
- Non-perishable food and bottled water
BC Hydro is also reminding British Columbians that if they come across a down or damaged power line, it should be considered live and dangerous and be reported to 911.


The constructor.
the response data.
The response data.
Gets the response data.
the response data.
Gets the id of the comment.
the id of the comment.
Gets the number of likes in the comment.
the number of likes in the comment.
Gets the parent media of the comment.
the parent media of the comment.
Gets the parent media id of the comment.
the parent media id of the comment.
Gets the replies to the comment.
the replies to the comment.
Gets the text of the comment.
the text of the comment.
Gets the timestamp of the comment.
the timestamp of the comment.
Gets the user that owns the comment.
the user that owns the comment.
Gets the id user that owns the comment.
the id user that owns the comment.
Gets the username of the owner of the comment.
the username of the owner of the comment.
Gets whether the comment is hidden.
whether the comment is hidden.
Generated using TypeDoc
Class that represents a response from the Get Comment Request.
Tiago Grosso<EMAIL_ADDRESS>0.6.0


×
PAPER PLANE
DESCRIPTION
Whether you create paper planes for fun, or have more professional expertise to creating the perfect paper plane, this friendly fun event will have something for everyone. Create your plane then test it against othersto find out who is the ultimate paper plane champion !!!
RULES
- Solo participant event.
- Duratioin of planee making is 10 minutes.
- Paper will be provided on spot.
- The sheet must be modified by folding and ripping only. No gluing or stapling is allowed.
- Pre-prepare planes will not allowed.
- Two trails per individual. Best of two counts.
- The plane must be launched behind a staight line on the floor.
- A run or fastwalk as part of launch is not allowed.
- The distance measured from the straight line to furthermost part of plane after it has come to rest.
- Planes may strike inanimate object along the way. WWe measure the horizontal displacement.
- Decision of the judges will be final and binding.


layout: true
--- class: center, middle # Github Dev/CodeSpaces/Copilot => ( press > ) https://ignatandrei.github.io/Presentations/GitHub.html Code at https://ignatandrei.github.io/Presentations/GitHub.zip --- # Agenda 0. About me 1. GitHub Dev 3. GitHub CodeSpaces 3. GitHub CodeSpaces .NET 3. GitHub CodeSpaces Angular 3. GitHub Copilot 7. Discussion / Questions ? --- class: center, top # About me ![:img ignat, 10%](ignat.jpg) Andrei Ignat http://msprogrammer.serviciipeweb.ro/ www.ASP.NET forum moderator YouTube 5 minutes .NET and tools : http://bit.ly/5MinTools Ebook RSCG Examples https://amzn.to/3f6gll3 Book Making Open Source Component : http://bit.ly/NetOpenSourceComponent Book Copy Paste from StackOverflow : https://amzn.to/2PQ8EDc Monthly meetings: https://www.meetup.com/Bucharest-A-D-C-E-S-Meetup/ --- class: center, top # GitHub Dev VSCode inside Press . inside https://github.com/ignatandrei/MicroservicesPortChooser and goto https://github.dev/ignatandrei/MicroservicesPortChooser --- class: center, top # GitHub CodeSpaces Example: https://ignatandrei-microservicesportchooser-q4477jfpv5.github.dev/ Images: https://aka.ms/ghcs-default-image --- class: center, top # GitHub CodeSpaces .NET .NET : cd /workspaces/MicroservicesPortChooser/src/MicroservicesPortChooser/MicroservicesPortChooserWeb dotnet run then https://ignatandrei-microservicesportchooser-q4477jfpv5-5000.githubpreview.dev/swagger/index.html --- class: center, top # GitHub CodeSpaces Angular Angular: cd /workspaces/MicroservicesPortChooser/src/MicroservicesAng npm i npm start then https://ignatandrei-microservicesportchooser-q4477jfpv5-4200.githubpreview.dev/static/mpcv1 --- class: center, top # GitHub Copilot in VSCode (!VS) Example MSPC: //in main public static void Main(string[] args) //add two numbers in Register.cs //create copy constructor //angular , create ts file //create class http interceptor //create method for intercepting http requests --- class: center, top # Experiments: https://towardsdatascience.com/some-experiments-using-github-copilot-with-python-90f8065fb72e https://github.com/cassidoo/github-copilot-demo https://blog.logrocket.com/building-github-copilot-app/ https://applitools.com/blog/using-github-copilot-to-automate-tests/ --- class: left, top # Questions? Andrei Ignat http://msprogrammer.serviciipeweb.ro/ www.ASP.NET forum moderator YouTube 5 minutes .NET and tools : http://bit.ly/5MinTools Book Making Open Source Component : http://bit.ly/NetOpenSourceComponent Book Copy Paste from StackOverflow : https://amzn.to/2PQ8EDc Monthly meetings: https://www.meetup.com/Bucharest-A-D-C-E-S-Meetup/


Tributes
Shock and sadness at passing of brave Dundalk boy Daragh McNally
Rest In Peace
by David LynchThere is widespread shock and sadness across Dundalk following the passing of brave local boy Daragh McNally.
11-year-old Daragh from Avenue Road in Dundalk was diagnosed with Lymphoma just weeks ago. He passed away at Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin over the weekend.
Tribute have poured in from across the community following the heartbreaking news.
Daragh's mum Colleen led the tributes with a poignant post on Facebook: "Fly high our beautiful gorgeous special boy. We will always love you. No more pain."
Daragh was a massive Dundalk FC fan and the club took to social media to pay their respects.
"The thoughts of everyone at Dundalk FC are with the family and friends of Daragh McNally. We all offer our support and condolences to his parents Paul and Colleen at this difficult time."
Individual players at the club also paid personal tribute, with goalkeeper Gary Rogers leading the way: "RIP Daragh, heartbreaking, my condolences to his mam, dad and family."
A GoFundMe page set up in recent weeks to support Daragh's treament had raised a staggering €28,000, with donations still arriving in in recent hours.
A family relative also took to Facebook with a poignant tribute to Daragh: "You are beautiful wee angel Now. No more pain and suffering. Love you forever and always."
Daragh will be forever missed and forever remembered by his heartbroken parents Colleen and Paul, big brother Nathan, adoring sisters Naoise and Layla, doting grandparents Kevin and Nora Moran, Joe and Kathleen McNally, aunts Sharron and Frances, uncles Kevin, Cal, Aaron, Joe and Brendan, amazing cousins, special friend Sheila, buddy Lenny, extended family, neighbours and friends.
Reposing at his family home on Tuesday between 3 o’clock and 8 o’clock.
Removal on Wednesday morning at 10.30 driving to St Nicholas' Church, Dundalk, arriving for Funeral Mass at 11 o'clock to celebrate the life of Daragh. Thereafter, walking to St Patrick’s Cemetery.


%inherit file="/layout/message.html" />
<%!
title = 'SSO Configuration'
%>
<%def name="header()">
Splunk SSO configuration summary
%def>
SSO settings
| SSO Enabled |
${sso_enabled | h} |
| splunkd trustedIP |
${splunkd_trusted_ip | h} |
| splunkweb trustedIP |
${splunkweb_trusted_ip | h} |
| splunkweb SSO Mode |
${sso_mode | h} |
Splunkweb settings
| Host Name |
${host_name | h} |
| Host IP |
${host_ip | h} |
| Port |
${port | h} |
| Incoming request IP received by splunkweb |
${splunkweb_remote_ip | h} |
| Is the incoming request IP in splunkweb's list of trustedIPs? |
${splunkweb_trusted_ip_matches | h} |
Remote user HTTP header
| Remote User HTTP Header |
${remote_user_header_name | h} |
| Value of ${remote_user_header_name | h} |
${remote_user | h} |
Other HTTP headers
% for header in sorted(headers):
% if 'Cookie' not in header:
| ${header | h} |
${headers.get(header) | h} |
% endif
% endfor


Hello
i'm victor kiteme
Welcom To
My Profile
ABOUT ME
My name is victor kiteme. I am a software developer i live in nairobi but i call many places home.I have been a software developer fo almost 3 yesrs.
I am a gamer i really like playing games and thats why i decided to take a class on programming and get to make cool game.
Here is some of the projects i have been working on;
- resort
- dairy-business
I made a website restrant using html and css language
I designed a automate process of getting reports about your farm dairy production using html,css and javascript language
Hobbies And Interests
- sports
- Working with Children
I have been active in a number of sports since I was 6 years old. I have played softball, basketball,table tennis, soccer, track and field and hand ball.
Since I was 12 years old, I have been working with kids. I have worked as a babysitter, coached youth sports and taught religious education.


Pictured here is code-ninja Gregory Dukes with his silly daughter Rowan. Gregory was born and raised in and around Denver CO, and moved to Tacoma in the Autumn of 2012. He is supported at home by his lovely wife Darcy to whome he has been married to for var marriageLength = function (currentYear - yearMarried) years. Gregory is looking forward to code 301 and beyond with plans to be a software developer in the future.
I am Han and I hope you had fun playing our game! Originally a chemist in the chemical industry, I have synthesized things from Nobel-Price winning olefin catalysis to your daily food additive, I was tired of the repeativess in following a set of procedures a certain chemical. In desperate of applying my creativity I discovered that the IT field might just be what I am looking for, ever since I was determined to become a software developer! The other reason being chemicals can be very hazardous to you...
Hello! My name is Duane Rush and thank you for visiting our site. I am a former biologist gone software developer. I was born in Tacoma and raised in Gig Harbor until the end of second grade. Then my family moved to the Palm Springs area of California until we moved back to Washington after I was out of High School. I obtained my bachelors degree in Cell Biology from Central Washington University and after graduating worked a job that showed me that this was not the path I wanted my life to take. So now here I am at code fellows!


Check some of our recent events!
Masquerade ball!
These ladies have cleverly disguised themselves, how fun!
Cocktail Hour(s)
Beautiful drinks with high alcohol and high sugar. Sure to be interesting!
Backyard BBQ
A good ol' fashioned Backyard BBQ. No shoes allowed apparently!
Fancy Meats
A fancy party with assorted cured meats and a large bowl of raw, unpeeled carrots!


Run the tests
Test Framework: Help and Reference
The test framework is based on Mocha and Chai. It includes these components:
Mocha
Chai:
The
Expect / Should API
with BDD assertion styles
The
Assert API
with TDD assertion styles
Sinon–Chai
Sinon.js:
The
overview
for getting started
The
detailed docs
Chai-jQuery


Abstract
Unified atomic models have led to many extensive advances, including courseware and Web services. After years of confusing research into agents, we disconfirm the simulation of the World Wide Web. In order to accomplish this ambition, we demonstrate that superblocks can be made perfect, perfect, and stochastic.
1 Introduction
Many systems engineers would agree that, had it not been for von Neumann machines, the investigation of access points might never have occurred. Here, we disconfirm the improvement of model checking. Furthermore, it should be noted that SybLax learns knowledge-based configurations. Unfortunately, suffix trees alone might fulfill the need for neural networks.
Motivated by these observations, Internet QoS and pervasive symmetries have been extensively evaluated by security experts. In addition, the usual methods for the investigation of the Turing machine do not apply in this area. Two properties make this approach ideal: our framework allows peer-to-peer symmetries, and also our algorithm is based on the understanding of SCSI disks. This combination of properties has not yet been refined in previous work.
Our focus in this paper is not on whether neural networks and reinforcement learning can connect to accomplish this goal, but rather on motivating new classical communication (SybLax) 12. It should be noted that SybLax develops the development of the Turing machine. We emphasize that SybLax emulates the exploration of voice-over-IP. Thusly, we see no reason not to use DHTs to investigate vacuum tubes.
Here, we make three main contributions. For starters, we motivate an analysis of systems (SybLax), arguing that architecture can be made efficient, homogeneous, and virtual. we describe new optimal archetypes (SybLax), which we use to confirm that IPv6 12 and systems are continuously incompatible. We use real-time communication to show that 128 bit architectures and scatter/gather I/O can collaborate to surmount this problem.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. We motivate the need for semaphores. Further, we confirm the synthesis of cache coherence. To accomplish this mission, we prove that even though evolutionary programming and forward-error correction are mostly incompatible, RAID can be made peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer, and secure 12. In the end, we conclude.


Graduated with a DDM in Creative media production. This course offered teaching in multiple areas of the media sector and allowed me to find my feet and direction.
During my first two years at University I achieved a 2.1 in my first and second year while fully immersing myself in the social and extra-curricular life at Bournemouth.
With my 2.1 I was able to pursue a year placement at Archipelgos as a media specialist. This scientific research base was situated on the island of Samos in Greece, and worked to protect the biodiversity. Working in a foreign country was a challenge, however the benefits of expanding my skillset and experiencing a new culture really helped to build my character professionaly
During my fourth and final year at university I have so far received a 67% and 69%, while I wait for the feedback on my Disertation 'Transmedia Storytelling and the Marvel Cinematic Universe' and my Graduation project 'Trophic Cascade'
Video and creative design
I am an enthusiastic, confident and dedicated team player. I strive to achieve to the best of my ability and my determination and diligence, which have been displayed in previous work experiences, portray skills that make me an exceptional colleague in a professional enviroment.
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The search engine of the best schools allows parents to find the best learning place for their child, understanding as the best school the one that suits their need and preference among quality, size, positioning, location, among others.
The best school is based on the definition of a ranking with relevant criteria such as: process of students during their academic life, physical facilities such as laboratories, level of inclusion of students, quality of teachers, among others.
The search engine has 9,523 private and official schools that correspond to the A and B calendars of all the municipalities in Colombia.
What is the synthetic index of educational quality defined by the Ministry of Education?
The ranking is a value from 1 to 100, which is composed of 3 simple parts:
1. Tests SABER 11: It is the average of the results of the SABER tests of grades 3, 5, 9 and 11.
2. ISCE: It is the sum of the result of the Synthetic Index of Educational Quality for primary, secondary and middle.
3. Level of inclusion: It is the multiplication of the students enrolled in grade 11 who did not present the SABER 11 Tests for the Overall score of the SABBER tests 11 taking into account the standard deviation.
The three parts are calculated as a percentage of their maximum, and each of the three parts has the same weight (33.3%) in the total value of the ranking.
Filters
Ranking Behavior
The three parts are calculated as a percentage of their maximum, and each of the three parts has the same weight (33.3%) in the total value of the ranking.
Compare Ranking with the Revista Dinero
The parents can compare the result of the ranking by the one used in the Revista Dinero, which averages the score obtained in the subjects of the SABER 11 tests.


To visualize discussion dynamics for communication research. For Example:
Combined paralell Coordinates and Timeline events to findout the Dilebration Quality. To see the visulization please click below.
Parallel coordinates are a common way of visualizing high-dimensional geometry and analyzing multivariate data.
Horizantal Timeline events are implemented To see when user has commented and replied to the post.
Indented trees are widely-used to represent file systems, among other applications which allow efficient interactive exploration


Briton, Filipino hostages safe after troops clash with Islamist rebels
MANILA: Soldiers in the southern Philippines rescued a British man and a Filipino woman from members of an Islamist militant group, the army said on Monday (Nov 25), after their captors fled during a military operation.
The couple, Allan and Wilma Hyrons, were abducted at gunpoint on Oct 4 from the resort they ran in a neighbouring province and were now being looked after at a military camp.
A photograph issued by the army showed the couple unharmed and eating a meal.
The kidnappers were members of Abu Sayyaf, a group that operates in the Sulu archipelago and has extremist factions loyal to Islamic State, and linked to at least five suicide bombings in the region in the past 16 months.
Abu Sayyaf is much feared for its banditry, piracy and kidnap-for-ransom business, with targets that include Europeans and seamen from Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia. Some hostages were held for years and beheaded when ransom was not paid, among them a German and two Canadians.
The Philippines does not disclose when demands for their release are met.
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has poured more troops into the region to try to wipe out Abu Sayyaf. The group remains influential among local clans and a formidable opponent, with a small and well-equipped network that operates in the jungles of Basilan and Jolo islands.
On Saturday, the army said it had killed a man it believed to be central to the group's planning of suicide bombings and its coordination with Islamic State.


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Shane's Naming Ceremony - June 3, 2001
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{% extends "petitions/admissibility_form/admissibilityform_list.html" %} {% block title %} Admissibilities by Date {% endblock title %} {% block admissibilitytableheading %}
This table shows all the admissibilities done from {{startdate}} to {{enddate}} across all the prisons. You can search using any criteria
{% endblock %}


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JSONSEARCH
with vanilla JavaScript
Sample data contains shoe products & pricing. Add additional keywords to reduce results.


{{firstname}} {{lastname}}
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{{link.site_name}} - {{link.date}}
Submitted by {{link.username}}
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FUTURE HOME OF THE BEST LIVE EVENT TICKET PLATFORM EVER.
It’s coming. We’re building the Ticketmaster developer platform—APIs, SDKs, drop-in widgets, and full documentation. In the meantime, follow the play-by-play on Twitter, Facebook, and Medium.
Give us your email and we’ll keep you updated on progress.
We have a ton of brilliant minds working on some incredibly challenging problems.
Are you an existing partner looking for current developer resources? Look no further!
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You want to share the links you discover ? Shaarli is a minimalist delicious clone you can install on your own website. It is designed to be personal (single-user), fast and handy.
Features:
- Minimalist design (simple is beautiful)
- FAST
- Dead-simple installation: Drop the files, open the page. No database required.
- Easy to use: Single button in your browser to bookmark a page
- Save url, title, description (unlimited size). Classify links with tags (with autocomplete)
- Tag renaming, merging and deletion.
- Automatic thumbnails for various services (imgur, imageshack.us, flickr, youtube, vimeo, dailymotion…)
- Automatic conversion of URLs to clickable links in descriptions. Support for http/ftp/file/apt protocols.
- Save links as public or private
- 1-clic access to your private links/notes
- Browse links by page, filter by tag or use the full text search engine
- Permalinks (with QR-Code) for easy reference
- Tag cloud
- Picture wall (which can be filtered by tag or text search)
- “Links of the day” Newspaper-like digest, browsable by day.
- “Daily” RSS feed: Get each day a digest of all new links.
- RSS and ATOM feeds (which can be filtered by tag or text search)
- PubSubHubbub protocol support
- Easy backup (Data stored in a single file)
- Compact storage (1315 links stored in 150 kb)
- Mobile browsers support
- Can import/export Netscape bookmarks (for import/export from/to Firefox, Opera, Chrome, Delicious…)
- Automatic ban of IP address upon too many failed logins
- Protected against XSRF, session cookie hijacking.
- Automatic removal of annoying FeedBurner/Google FeedProxy parameters in URL (?utm_source…)
- Shaarli is a bookmarking application, but you can use it for micro-blogging (like Twitter), a pastebin, an online notepad, a snippet repository, etc.
- You will be automatically notified by a discreet popup if a new version is available
- Pages are easy to customize (using simple RainTPL templates)
Requires php 5.1 (php 5.2 required for autocomplete.)
More information on the project page: http://sebsauvage.net/wiki/doku.php?id=php:shaarli
Shaarli is distributed under the zlib/libpng License:
Copyright (c) 2011 Sébastien SAUVAGE (sebsauvage.net)
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.


Hover over a marker to see the marker name. Hover over a chromosome rectangle and it will change to pink. Click on a marker point and it will be animated.
Hover over a marker to see the marker name.
Source code at github.


Would you enjoy unparalleled access to your target audience? Contact us today about setting up an E-Commerce site!
85% of current internet users rely on their mobile devices to deliver the web to them. Your website should reflect that! All of our designs are mobile-friendly.
To make the most out of your website, you need to be at the top of the search engine. We offer Search Engine Optimization services, helping your website reach the most viewers possible.
Founded in 2017, we are a small web design agency based in Ogemaw County, Michigan. Over the last couple of years, we have developed a reputation for building websites that look amazing and are easy-to-use.
Shortly after starting the agency, our lead developer decided to formalize his skills by persuing a degree. He is currently attending the University of Advancing Technology to obtain a Bachelor's of Science degree in Computer Science, with an expected graduation date of 2019.
After testing the waters, we finally decided to become a full service web agency. In March of 2018, we transitioned to a full-service agency capable of prototyping, creating, and deploying web pages. We also began offering full CMS services, eCommerce plug-ins, SEO support, and fully responsive designs. If you can dream it, we can build it!
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Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s
piscina externa com borda externa infinita/ Piscina interna com raia playgraound/ Dois salões de festas/ Brinquedoteca/ Sala de massagem/ Sala de jogos/ Home cinema/ Sauna/ Business center/ Espaço mulher/ Espaço fitness/ Espaço gourmet lounge/ Varanda do por do sol