qiskit.aqua.utils package¶
-
tensorproduct
(*args)[source]¶ Calculate tensor product.
m = tensorproduct(a,b,c,…) returns the kronecker product of its arguments. Each argument should either be a tensor, or a tuple containing a tensor and an integer, and tensor is put in zero-index slot. In the latter case, the integer specifies the repeat count for the tensor, e.g. tensorproduct(a,(b,3),c) = tensorproduct(a,b,b,b,c).
Parameters: args (-) – Returns: the tensor product Return type: np.ndarray
-
class
PauliGraph
(paulis, mode='largest-degree')[source]¶ Bases:
object
Pauli Graph.
-
grouped_paulis
¶ Getter of grouped Pauli list.
-
-
convert_dict_to_json
(in_item)[source]¶ Combs recursively through a list/dictionary and finds any non-json compatible elements and converts them. E.g. complex ndarray’s are converted to lists of strings. Assume that all such elements are stored in dictionaries!
Parameters: in_item (dict or list) – the input dict/list Returns: Result in_item possibly modified Return type: dict or list
-
convert_json_to_dict
(in_item)[source]¶ Combs recursively through a list/dictionary that was loaded from json and finds any lists that were converted from ndarray and converts them back :param in_item: the input dict/list :type in_item: dict or list
Returns: Result in_item possibly modified Return type: dict or list
-
random_unitary
(N)[source]¶ Generate a random unitary matrix with size NxN.
Parameters: N – the dimension of unitary matrix Returns: a 2-D matrix with np.complex data type. Return type: np.ndarray
-
random_h2_body
(N, M)[source]¶ Generate a random two body integrals. :param N: number of spin-orbitals (dimentsion of h2) :type N: int :param M: number of non-zero entries :type M: int
Returns: a numpy 4-D tensor with np.complex data type. Return type: np.ndarray
-
random_h1_body
(N)[source]¶ Generate a random one body integrals.
Parameters: N (int) – the number of spin orbitals. Returns: a 2-D matrix with np.complex data type. Return type: np.ndarray
-
random_hermitian
(N, eigs=None, K=None, eigrange=[0, 1], sparsity=None, trunc=None)[source]¶ Generate random hermitian (sparse) matix with given properties. Sparsity is achieved by truncating Pauli matrices. Sparsity settings alternate the eigenvalues due to truncation. :param N: size of matrix :type N: int :param eigs: list of N eigenvalues. Overrides K,
eigrangeParameters: - K (float, list, tuple) – condition number. Either use only condition number K or list/tuple of (K, lmin) or (K, lmin, sgn). Where lmin is the smallest eigenvalue and sign +/- 1 specifies if eigenvalues can be negative.
- eigrange (list, tuple, nd.ndarray) – [min, max] list for eigenvalue range. (default=[0, 1])
- trunc (int) – limit for number of Pauli matrices.
- sparsity (float) – sparsity of matrix. Overrides trunc.
Returns: hermitian matrix
Return type: np.ndarray
-
random_non_hermitian
(N, M=None, sings=None, K=None, srange=[0, 1], sparsity=None, trunc=None)[source]¶ Generate random (sparse) matrix with given properties (singular values). Sparsity is achieved by truncating Pauli matrices. Sparsity settings alternate the singular values due to truncation. :param N: size of matrix :type N: int :param sings: list of N singular values.
Overrides K, srange.Parameters: - K (float, list, tuple) – condition number. Either use only condition number K or list/tuple of (K, lmin). Where lmin specifies the smallest singular value.
- srange (list, tuple, nd.ndarray) – [min, max] list for singular value range, min >= 0. (default=[0, 1]).
- trunc (int) – limit of Pauli matrices.
- sparsity (float) – sparsity of matrix. Overrides trunc.
Returns: random matrix
Return type: np.ndarray
-
summarize_circuits
(circuits)[source]¶ Summarize circuits based on QuantumCircuit, and four metrics are summarized.
Number of qubits and classical bits, and number of operations and depth of circuits. The average statistic is provided if multiple circuits are inputed.
Parameters: circuits (QuantumCircuit or [QuantumCircuit]) – the to-be-summarized circuits
-
get_subsystem_density_matrix
(statevector, trace_systems)[source]¶ Compute the reduced density matrix of a quantum subsystem.
Parameters: - statevector (list|array) – The state vector of the complete system
- trace_systems (list|range) – The indices of the qubits to be traced out.
Returns: The reduced density matrix for the desired subsystem
-
get_subsystems_counts
(complete_system_counts)[source]¶ Extract all subsystems’ counts from the single complete system count dictionary.
If multiple classical registers are used to measure various parts of a quantum system, Each of the measurement dictionary’s keys would contain spaces as delimiters to separate the various parts being measured. For example, you might have three keys ‘11 010’, ‘01 011’ and ‘11 011’, among many other, in the count dictionary of the 5-qubit complete system, and would like to get the two subsystems’ counts (one 2-qubit, and the other 3-qubit) in order to get the counts for the 2-qubit partial measurement ‘11’ or the 3-qubit partial measurement ‘011’.
Parameters: complete_system_counts (dict) – The measurement count dictionary of a complete system that contains multiple classical registers for measurements s.t. the dictionary’s keys have space delimiters. Returns: A list of measurement count dictionaries corresponding to each of the subsystems measured.
-
get_entangler_map
(map_type, num_qubits)[source]¶ Utility method to get an entangler map among qubits.
Parameters: - map_type (str) – ‘full’ entangles each qubit with all the subsequent ones ‘linear’ entangles each qubit with the next
- num_qubits (int) – Number of qubits for which the map is needed
Returns: A map of qubit index to an array of indexes to which this should be entangled
Raises: ValueError
– if map_type is not valid.
-
validate_entangler_map
(entangler_map, num_qubits, allow_double_entanglement=False)[source]¶ Validate a user supplied entangler map and converts entries to ints.
Parameters: - entangler_map (list[list]) – An entangler map, keys are source qubit index (int), value is array of target qubit index(es) (int)
- num_qubits (int) – Number of qubits
- allow_double_entanglement – If we allow in two qubits can be entangled each other
Returns: Validated/converted map
Raises: TypeError
– entangler map is not list type or list of listValueError
– the index of entangler map is out of rangeValueError
– the qubits are cross-entangled.
-
get_feature_dimension
(dataset)[source]¶ Check feature dimension of a given dataset
Parameters: dataset (dict) – key is the class name and value is the data. Returns: feature dimension, -1 denotes no data in the dataset. Return type: int
-
get_num_classes
(dataset)[source]¶ Check number of classes in a given dataset
Parameters: dataset (dict) – key is the class name and value is the data. Returns: number of classes Return type: int
-
split_dataset_to_data_and_labels
(dataset, class_names=None)[source]¶ Split dataset to data and labels numpy array
If class_names is given, use the desired label to class name mapping, or create the mapping based on the keys in the dataset.Parameters: - dataset (dict) – {‘A’: numpy.ndarray, ‘B’: numpy.ndarray, …}
- class_names (dict) – class name of dataset, {class_name: label}
Returns: - idx 0 is data, NxD array,
idx 1 is labels, Nx1 array, value is ranged from 0 to K-1, K is the number of classes
dict: {str: int}, map from class name to label
Return type: [numpy.ndarray, numpy.ndarray]
-
map_label_to_class_name
(predicted_labels, label_to_class)[source]¶ Helper converts labels (numeric) to class name (string)
Parameters: - predicted_labels (numpy.ndarray) – Nx1 array
- label_to_class (dict or list) – a mapping form label (numeric) to class name (str)
Returns: predicted class names of each datum
Return type: [str]
-
reduce_dim_to_via_pca
(x, dim)[source]¶ Reduce the data dimension via pca
Parameters: - x (numpy.ndarray) – NxD array
- dim (int) – the targeted dimension D’
Returns: NxD’ array
Return type: numpy.ndarray
-
optimize_svm
(kernel_matrix, y, scaling=None, max_iters=500, show_progress=False)[source]¶ Solving quadratic programming problem for SVM; thus, some constraints are fixed.
The notation is follows the equation here: http://cvxopt.org/userguide/coneprog.html#quadratic-programming
Parameters: - kernel_matrix (numpy.ndarray) – NxN array
- y (numpy.ndarray) – Nx1 array
- scaling (float) – the scaling factor to renormalize the y, if it is None, use L2-norm of y for normalization
- max_iters (int) – number of iterations for QP solver
- show_progress (bool) – showing the progress of QP solver
Returns: Sx1 array, where S is the number of supports numpy.ndarray: Sx1 array, where S is the number of supports numpy.ndarray: Sx1 array, where S is the number of supports
Return type: numpy.ndarray
-
class
CircuitFactory
(num_target_qubits)[source]¶ Bases:
abc.ABC
Base class for CircuitFactories
-
build
(qc, q, q_ancillas=None)[source]¶ Adds corresponding sub-circuit to given circuit
Parameters: - qc – quantum circuit
- q – list of qubits (has to be same length as self._num_qubits)
- q_ancillas – list of ancilla qubits (or None if none needed)
- params – parameters for circuit
-
build_controlled
(qc, q, q_control, q_ancillas=None, use_basis_gates=True)[source]¶ Adds corresponding controlled sub-circuit to given circuit
Parameters: - qc – quantum circuit
- q – list of qubits (has to be same length as self._num_qubits)
- q_control – control qubit
- q_ancillas – list of ancilla qubits (or None if none needed)
- use_basis_gates – use basis gates for expansion of controlled circuit
-
build_controlled_inverse
(qc, q, q_control, q_ancillas=None, use_basis_gates=True)[source]¶ Adds controlled inverse of corresponding sub-circuit to given circuit
Parameters: - qc – quantum circuit
- q – list of qubits (has to be same length as self._num_qubits)
- q_control – control qubit
- q_ancillas – list of ancilla qubits (or None if none needed)
- use_basis_gates – use basis gates for expansion of controlled circuit
-
build_controlled_inverse_power
(qc, q, q_control, power, q_ancillas=None, use_basis_gates=True)[source]¶ Adds controlled, inverse, power of corresponding circuit. May be overridden if a more efficient implementation is possible
-
build_controlled_power
(qc, q, q_control, power, q_ancillas=None, use_basis_gates=True)[source]¶ Adds controlled power of corresponding circuit. May be overridden if a more efficient implementation is possible
-
build_inverse
(qc, q, q_ancillas=None)[source]¶ Adds inverse of corresponding sub-circuit to given circuit
Parameters: - qc – quantum circuit
- q – list of qubits (has to be same length as self._num_qubits)
- q_ancillas – list of ancilla qubits (or None if none needed)
- params – parameters for circuit
-
build_inverse_power
(qc, q, power, q_ancillas=None)[source]¶ Adds inverse power of corresponding circuit. May be overridden if a more efficient implementation is possible
-
build_power
(qc, q, power, q_ancillas=None)[source]¶ Adds power of corresponding circuit. May be overridden if a more efficient implementation is possible
-
num_target_qubits
¶ Returns the number of target qubits
-
-
compile_and_run_circuits
(circuits, backend, backend_config=None, compile_config=None, run_config=None, qjob_config=None, backend_options=None, noise_config=None, show_circuit_summary=False, circuit_cache=None, skip_qobj_validation=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ An execution wrapper with Qiskit-Terra, with job auto recover capability.
The autorecovery feature is only applied for non-simulator backend. This wraper will try to get the result no matter how long it costs.
Parameters: - circuits (QuantumCircuit or list[QuantumCircuit]) – circuits to execute
- backend (BaseBackend) – backend instance
- backend_config (dict, optional) – configuration for backend
- compile_config (dict, optional) – configuration for compilation
- run_config (RunConfig, optional) – configuration for running a circuit
- qjob_config (dict, optional) – configuration for quantum job object
- backend_options (dict, optional) – configuration for simulator
- noise_config (dict, optional) – configuration for noise model
- show_circuit_summary (bool, optional) – showing the summary of submitted circuits.
- circuit_cache (CircuitCache, optional) – A CircuitCache to use when calling compile_and_run_circuits
- skip_qobj_validation (bool, optional) – Bypass Qobj validation to decrease submission time
Returns: Result object
Return type: Raises: AquaError
– Any error except for JobError raised by Qiskit Terra
-
compile_circuits
(circuits, backend, backend_config=None, compile_config=None, run_config=None, show_circuit_summary=False, circuit_cache=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ An execution wrapper with Qiskit-Terra, with job auto recover capability.
The autorecovery feature is only applied for non-simulator backend. This wraper will try to get the result no matter how long it costs.
Parameters: - circuits (QuantumCircuit or list[QuantumCircuit]) – circuits to execute
- backend (BaseBackend) – backend instance
- backend_config (dict, optional) – configuration for backend
- compile_config (dict, optional) – configuration for compilation
- run_config (RunConfig, optional) – configuration for running a circuit
- show_circuit_summary (bool, optional) – showing the summary of submitted circuits.
- circuit_cache (CircuitCache, optional) – A CircuitCache to use when calling compile_and_run_circuits
Returns: compiled qobj.
Return type: QasmObj
Raises: AquaError
– Any error except for JobError raised by Qiskit Terra
-
run_qobjs
(qobjs, backend, qjob_config=None, backend_options=None, noise_config=None, skip_qobj_validation=False)[source]¶ An execution wrapper with Qiskit-Terra, with job auto recover capability.
The autorecovery feature is only applied for non-simulator backend. This wraper will try to get the result no matter how long it costs.
Parameters: - qobjs (list[QasmObj]) – qobjs to execute
- backend (BaseBackend) – backend instance
- qjob_config (dict, optional) – configuration for quantum job object
- backend_options (dict, optional) – configuration for simulator
- noise_config (dict, optional) – configuration for noise model
- skip_qobj_validation (bool, optional) – Bypass Qobj validation to decrease submission time
Returns: Result object
Return type: Raises: AquaError
– Any error except for JobError raised by Qiskit Terra
-
find_regs_by_name
(circuit, name, qreg=True)[source]¶ Find the registers in the circuits.
Parameters: - circuit (QuantumCircuit) – the quantum circuit.
- name (str) – name of register
- qreg (bool) – quantum or classical register
Returns: if not found, return None.
Return type: QuantumRegister or ClassicalRegister or None
-
class
CircuitCache
(skip_qobj_deepcopy=False, cache_file=None, allowed_misses=3)[source]¶ Bases:
object
-
cache_circuit
(qobj, circuits, chunk)[source]¶ A method for caching compiled qobjs by storing the compiled qobj and constructing a mapping array from the uncompiled operations in the circuit to the instructions in the qobj. Note that the “qobjs” list in the cache dict is a list of the cached chunks, each element of which contains a single qobj with as many experiments as is allowed by the execution backend. E.g. if the backend allows 300 experiments per job and the user wants to run 500 circuits, len(circuit_cache[‘qobjs’]) == 2, len(circuit_cache[‘qobjs’][0].experiments) == 300, and len(circuit_cache[‘qobjs’][1].experiments) == 200.
This feature is only applied if ‘circuit_caching’ is True in the ‘problem’ Aqua dictionary section.
Parameters: - qobj (Qobj) – A compiled qobj to be saved
- circuits (list) – The original uncompiled QuantumCircuits
- chunk (int) – If a larger list of circuits was broken into chunks by run_algorithm for separate runs,
- chunk number circuits represents (which) –
-
-
get_measured_qubits_from_qobj
(qobjs)[source]¶ Retrieve the measured qubits from transpiled circuits.
Parameters: qobjs (list[QasmObj]) – qobjs Returns: the qubit mapping to-be-used for measure error mitigation Return type: [int]
-
mitigate_measurement_error
(results, meas_fitter, method='least_squares')[source]¶ Parameters: - results (Result) – the unmitigated Result object
- meas_fitter (CompleteMeasFitter or TensoredMeasFitter) – the measurement fitter
- method (str) – fitting method. If None, then least_squares is used. ‘pseudo_inverse’: direct inversion of the A matrix ‘least_squares’: constrained to have physical probabilities
Returns: the mitigated Result
Return type:
-
build_measurement_error_mitigation_fitter
(qubits, fitter_cls, backend, backend_config=None, compile_config=None, run_config=None, qjob_config=None, backend_options=None, noise_config=None)[source]¶ Parameters: - qubits (list[int]) – the measured qubit index (in the order to classical bit 0…n-1)
- fitter_cls (callable) – CompleteMeasFitter or TensoredMeasFitter
- backend (BaseBackend) – backend instance
- backend_config (dict, optional) – configuration for backend
- compile_config (dict, optional) – configuration for compilation
- run_config (RunConfig, optional) – configuration for running a circuit
- qjob_config (dict, optional) – configuration for quantum job object
- backend_options (dict, optional) – configuration for simulator
- noise_config (dict, optional) – configuration for noise model
Returns: the measurement fitter
Return type: Raises: AquaError
– when the fitter_cls is not recognizable.
Submodules¶
- qiskit.aqua.utils.arithmetic module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.backend_utils module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.circuit_cache module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.circuit_factory module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.circuit_utils module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.controlled_circuit module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.dataset_helper module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.decimal_to_binary module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.entangler_map module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.json_utils module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.measurement_error_mitigation module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.pauli_graph module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.qp_solver module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.random_matrix_generator module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.run_circuits module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.subsystem module
- qiskit.aqua.utils.tensor_product module


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| beta.polyclass | Polyclass: polychotomous regression and multiple classification |
| clspec | Lspec: logspline estimation of a spectral distribution |
| cpolyclass | Polyclass: polychotomous regression and multiple classification |
| design.polymars | Polymars: multivariate adaptive polynomial spline regression |
| dhare | Hare: hazard regression |
| dheft | Heft: hazard estimation with flexible tails |
| dlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation |
| dlspec | Lspec: logspline estimation of a spectral distribution |
| doldlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation - 1992 version |
| hare | Hare: hazard regression |
| heft | Heft: hazard estimation with flexible tails |
| hhare | Hare: hazard regression |
| hheft | Heft: hazard estimation with flexible tails |
| logspline | Logspline Density Estimation |
| lspec | Lspec: logspline estimation of a spectral distribution |
| oldlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation - 1992 version |
| oldlogspline.to.logspline | Logspline Density Estimation - 1992 to 1997 version |
| persp.polymars | Polymars: multivariate adaptive polynomial spline regression |
| phare | Hare: hazard regression |
| pheft | Heft: hazard estimation with flexible tails |
| plogspline | Logspline Density Estimation |
| plot.hare | Hare: hazard regression |
| plot.heft | Heft: hazard estimation with flexible tails |
| plot.logspline | Logspline Density Estimation |
| plot.lspec | Lspec: logspline estimation of a spectral distribution |
| plot.oldlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation - 1992 version |
| plot.polyclass | Polyclass: polychotomous regression and multiple classification |
| plot.polymars | Polymars: multivariate adaptive polynomial spline regression |
| plspec | Lspec: logspline estimation of a spectral distribution |
| poldlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation - 1992 version |
| polyclass | Polyclass: polychotomous regression and multiple classification |
| polymars | Polymars: multivariate adaptive polynomial spline regression |
| ppolyclass | Polyclass: polychotomous regression and multiple classification |
| predict.polymars | Polymars: multivariate adaptive polynomial spline regression |
| print.hare | Hare: hazard regression |
| print.heft | Heft: hazard estimation with flexible tails |
| print.logspline | Logspline Density Estimation |
| print.lspec | Lspec: logspline estimation of a spectral distribution |
| print.oldlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation - 1992 version |
| print.polyclass | Polyclass: polychotomous regression and multiple classification |
| print.polymars | Polymars: multivariate adaptive polynomial spline regression |
| qhare | Hare: hazard regression |
| qheft | Heft: hazard estimation with flexible tails |
| qlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation |
| qoldlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation - 1992 version |
| rhare | Hare: hazard regression |
| rheft | Heft: hazard estimation with flexible tails |
| rlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation |
| rlspec | Lspec: logspline estimation of a spectral distribution |
| roldlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation - 1992 version |
| rpolyclass | Polyclass: polychotomous regression and multiple classification |
| summary.hare | Hare: hazard regression |
| summary.heft | Heft: hazard estimation with flexible tails |
| summary.logspline | Logspline Density Estimation |
| summary.lspec | Lspec: logspline estimation of a spectral distribution |
| summary.oldlogspline | Logspline Density Estimation - 1992 version |
| summary.polyclass | Polyclass: polychotomous regression and multiple classification |
| summary.polymars | Polymars: multivariate adaptive polynomial spline regression |
| testhare | Fake survival data for Hare and Heft |
| unstrip | Reformat data as vector or matrix |
| xhare | Hare: hazard regression |


|
This tutorial is for Python Mode in Processing 2+. If you see any errors or have comments, please let us know. This tutorial is adapted from the book, Visualizing Data by Ben Fry, O'Reilly 2007. Copyright © 2008 Ben Fry. All rights reserved.
Processing is a simple programming environment that was
created to make it easier to develop visually oriented
applications with an emphasis on animation and providing
users with instant feedback through interaction. The
developers wanted a means to “sketch” ideas in
code. As its capabilities have expanded over the past
decade, Processing has come to be used for more advanced
production-level work in addition to its sketching role.
Originally built as a domain-specific extension to Java
targeted towards artists and designers, Processing has
evolved into a full-blown design and prototyping tool used
for large-scale installation work, motion graphics, and
complex data visualization.
For this reason, references to “Processing” can be somewhat ambiguous. Are we talking about the API, the language, the development environment, or the web site? We'll be careful in this text when referring to each. Sketching with ProcessingA Processing program is called a sketch. The
idea is to make programming feel more like scripting, and
adopt the process of scripting to quickly write code.
Sketches are stored in the sketchbook, a folder
that's used as the default location for saving all of your
projects. Sketches that are stored in the sketchbook can be
accessed from File → Sketchbook. Alternatively, File
→ Open... can be used to open a sketch from elsewhere
on the system. Hello worldThe Processing equivalent of a "Hello World" program is
simply to draw a line:
line(15, 25, 70, 90)
Enter this example and press the Run button, which is an icon that looks like the Play button from any audio or video device.  The (0, 0) coordinate is the upper left-hand corner of the display window. Building on this program to change the size of the display window and set the background color, type in the code below: size(400, 400) background(192, 64, 0) stroke(255) line(150, 25, 270, 350) This version sets the window size to 400 x 400 pixels, sets the background to an orange-red, and draws the line in white, by setting the stroke color to 255. By default, colors are specified in the range 0 to 255. Other variations of the parameters to the stroke() function provide alternate results: stroke(255) # sets the stroke color to white stroke(255, 255, 255) # identical to the line above stroke(255, 128, 0) # bright orange (red 255, green 128, blue 0) stroke("#FF8000") # bright orange as a web color stroke(255, 128, 0, 128) # bright orange with 50% transparency The same alternatives work for the fill() function, which sets the fill color, and the background() function, which clears the display window. Like all Processing functions that affect drawing properties, the fill and stroke colors affect all geometry drawn to the screen until the next fill and stroke functions. Hello mouseA program written as a list of statements (like the
previous examples) is called a static sketch. In a
static sketch, a series of functions are used to perform
tasks or create a single image without any animation or
interaction. Interactive programs are drawn as a series of
frames, which you can create by adding functions titled
setup() and draw() as shown in the code
below. These are built-in functions that are called
automatically. def setup(): size(400, 400) stroke(255) background(192, 64, 0) def draw(): line(150, 25, mouseX, mouseY) The setup() block runs once, and the draw() block runs repeatedly. As such, setup() can be used for any initialization; in this case, setting the screen size, making the background orange, and setting the stroke color to white. The draw() block is used to handle animation. The size() function must always be the first line inside setup(). Because the background() function is used only once, the screen will fill with lines as the mouse is moved. To draw just a single line that follows the mouse, move the background() function to the draw() function, which will clear the display window (filling it with orange) each time draw() runs. def setup(): size(400, 400) stroke(255) def draw(): background(192, 64, 0) line(150, 25, mouseX, mouseY) Static programs are most commonly used for extremely simple examples, or for scripts that run in a linear fashion and then exit. For instance, a static program might start, draw a page to a PDF file, and exit. Most programs will use the setup() and draw() blocks. More advanced mouse handling can also be introduced; for instance, the mousePressed() function will be called whenever the mouse is pressed. In the following example, when the mouse is pressed, the screen is cleared via the background() function: def setup(): size(400, 400) stroke(255) def draw(): line(150, 25, mouseX, mouseY) def mousePressed(): background(192, 64, 0) Creating images from your workIf you don't want to distribute the actual project, you might want to create images of its output instead. Images are saved with the saveFrame() function. Adding saveFrame() at the end of draw() will produce a numbered sequence of TIFF-format images of the program's output, named screen-0001.tif, screen-0002.tif, and so on. A new file will be saved each time draw() runs — watch out, this can quickly fill your sketch folder with hundreds of files. You can also specify your own name and file type for the file to be saved with a function like: saveFrame("output.png") To do the same for a numbered sequence, use # (hash marks) where the numbers should be placed: saveFrame("output-####.png") For high quality output, you can write geometry to PDF files instead of the screen, as described in the later section about the size() function. Examples and referenceWhile many programmers learn to code in school, others
teach themselves and learn on their own. Learning on your
own involves looking at lots of other code: running,
altering, breaking, and enhancing it until you can reshape
it into something new. With this learning model in mind,
the Processing software download includes hundreds of
examples that demonstrate different features of the
environment and API. More about size()The size() function sets the global variables width and height. For objects whose size is dependent on the screen, always use the width and height variables instead of a number. This prevents problems when the size() line is altered. size(400, 400) # The wrong way to specify the middle of the screen ellipse(200, 200, 50, 50); # Always the middle, no matter how the size() line changes ellipse(width/2, height/2, 50, 50); In the earlier examples, the size() function specified only a width and height for the window to be created. An optional parameter to the size() function specifies how graphics are rendered. A renderer handles how the Processing API is implemented for a particular output function (whether the screen, or a screen driven by a high-end graphics card, or a PDF file). The default renderer does an excellent job with high-quality 2D vector graphics, but at the expense of speed. In particular, working with pixels directly is slow. Several other renderers are included with Processing, each having a unique function. At the risk of getting too far into the specifics, here's a description of the other possible drawing modes to use with Processing. size(400, 400, P2D) The P2D renderer uses OpenGL for faster rendering of two-dimensional graphics, while using Processing's simpler graphics APIs and the Processing development environment's easy application export. size(400, 400, P3D) The P3D renderer also uses OpenGL for faster rendering. It can draw three-dimensional objects and two-dimensional object in space as well as lighting, texture, and materials. size(400, 400, PDF, "output.pdf") The PDF renderer draws all geometry to a file instead of the screen. To use PDF, in addition to altering your size() function, you must select Import Library, then PDF from the Sketch menu. This is a cousin of the default renderer, but instead writes directly to PDF files. Loading and displaying dataOne of the unique aspects of the Processing API is the
way files are handled. The loadImage() and
loadStrings() functions each expect to find a file
inside a folder named data, which is a
subdirectory of the sketch folder. # Examples of loading a text file and a JPEG image # from the data folder of a sketch. lines = loadStrings("something.txt") img = loadImage("picture.jpg") The loadStrings() function returns an array of Python string objects, which is assigned to a variable named lines; it will presumably be used later in the program under this name. The reason loadStrings creates an array is that it splits the something.txt file into its individual lines. The following function returns a PImage object, which is assigned to a variable named img. To add a file to the data folder of a Processing sketch, use the Sketch → Add File menu option, or drag the file into the editor window of the PDE. The data folder will be created if it does not exist already. To view the contents of the sketch folder, use the Sketch → Show Sketch Folder menu option. This opens the sketch window in your operating system's file browser. Libraries add new featuresA library is a collection of code in a
specified format that makes it easy to use within
Processing. Libraries have been important to the growth of
the project, because they let developers make new features
accessible to users without needing to make them part of
the core Processing API. add_library('pdf') This line instructs Processing to use the indicated library when running the sketch. Now that the PDF library is imported, you may use it to create a file. For instance, the following line of code creates a new PDF file named lines.pdf that you can draw to. beginRecord(PDF, "lines.pdf") Each drawing function such as line() and ellipse() will now draw to the screen as well as to the PDF. Other libraries provide features such as reading images from a camera, sending and receiving MIDI and OSC commands, sophisticated 3D camera control, and access to MySQL databases. Sketching and scriptingProcessing sketches are made up of one or more tabs,
with each tab representing a piece of code. The environment
is designed around projects that are a few pages of code,
and often three to five tabs in total. This covers a
significant number of projects developed to test and
prototype ideas, often before embedding them into a larger
project or building a more robust application for broader
deployment. Don't start by trying to build a cathedralIf you're already familiar with programming, it's
important to understand how Processing differs from other
development environments and languages. The Processing
project encourages a style of work that builds code
quickly, understanding that either the code will be used as
a quick sketch, or ideas are being tested before developing
a final project. This could be misconstrued as software
engineering heresy. Perhaps we're not far from
“hacking,” but this is more appropriate for the
roles in which Processing is used. Why force students or
casual programmers to learn about graphics contexts,
threading, and event handling functions before they can
show something on the screen that interacts with the mouse?
The same goes for advanced developers: why should they
always need to start with the same two pages of code
whenever they begin a project?
Of course, once things are working, avoid the urge to rewrite for its own sake. A rewrite should be used when addressing a completely different problem. If you've managed to hit the nail on the head, you should refactor to clean up function names and class interactions. But a full rewrite of already finished code is almost always a bad idea, no matter how "ugly" it may seem.
This tutorial is for Python Mode in Processing 2+. If you see any errors or have comments, please let us know. This tutorial is adapted from the book, Visualizing Data by Ben Fry, O'Reilly 2007. Copyright © 2008 Ben Fry. All rights reserved. |


Project of final year!!!!
+91<PHONE_NUMBER>
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>365 Park Street, NY
© Copyright 2018 CBIT - All rights reserved.


Al-Ansar Support Group
What does Al-Ansar mean?
Al-Ansar is Arabic for "the helpers." The Ansar were people who helped the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his companions when they fled from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution. The Ansar took them into their homes, gave them provision, and generally welcomed them and gave to them generously.
What is the Al-Ansar program?
The Al-Ansar program provides you with the basic tools you need to pray, read Qur'an, and obtain resources on Islam. It also provides you with your own Ansar or helper who can be your mentor, point of contact, or perhaps can help you with transportation if you need a ride to the mosque for prayers, classes, or lectures.
How do I sign up?
Fill out the questionnaire designed to assess your individual needs. Someone will contact you within a few days. Download the support questionnaire
The best congratulations to you on becoming Muslim. May Allah guide you in the journey you are about to take and continue to lead you towards what is right and best.
Assalaamu alaikum (peace be upon you)


Thank you for showing intrest in buying this land your request has been sent to the owner
Land Key - 0x5269e871d2d365a039923fa3dafd85e4af39b878d9141c017b0f4588972437fd
| Name | Land registry no | Land location | Phone | Adhar Number | Pan Number | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John | 00009 | Example Location |<PHONE_NUMBER> |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| 1234/12345/12345 | ALWPG5809L |
| From | To |
|---|---|
| 0x90F8bf6A479f320ead074411a4B0e7944Ea8c9C1 | 0x9561C133DD8580860B6b7E504bC5Aa500f0f06a7 |


|
Overall Statistic
| |
Views |
Views of details page |
Ratio |
|
| Total |
#%statistic_i%# |
#%statistic_i_detail%# |
#%statistic_r%#% |
|
| Since #%last_reset%# |
#%statistic_reset_i%# |
#%statistic_reset_i_detail%# |
#%statistic_reset_r%#% |
Reset this statistic |
Statistic - #%month_name%# #%year%#
|


Paint Playground is a simple app where can can create your drawings on the canvas and share it in the public gallery. You can also view creations of others as well as edit them. It also gives some more amazing features like changing brush color and thickness and the background of the canvas.
This gallery shows the eight most recentl canvas. The owner of this code is not responsible for any canvas which is inappropriate or offensive to others in any way.
By clicking the "Upload" button, your canvas will be uploaded to the public gallery. You can view your canvas by choosing the "Public Gallery" option in the Home.


Properties can be used inside an MDX query in two ways. In the first approach, you can list the dimension and property combinations for each axis set. When a query is executed, the specified property is evaluated for all members from the specified dimension and included in the result set.
For example, on the column axis, the following query will return the GEN_NUMBER information for every Market dimension member. On the row axis, the query returns MEMBER_ALIAS information for every Product dimension member.
SELECT [Market].Members DIMENSION PROPERTIES [Market].[GEN_NUMBER] on columns, Filter ([Product].Members, Sales > 5000) DIMENSION PROPERTIES [Product].[MEMBER_ALIAS] on rows from Sample.Basic
When querying for member properties using the DIMENSION PROPERTIES section of an axis, a property can be identified by the dimension name and the name of the property, or just by using the property name itself. When a property name is used by itself, that property information is returned for all members from all dimensions on that axis, for which that property applies.
Note:
When a property name is used by itself within the DIMENSION PROPERTIES section, do not use brackets [] around the property name.
In the following query. the MEMBER_ALIAS property is evaluated on the row axis for both Year and Product dimensions.
SELECT [Market].Members DIMENSION PROPERTIES [Market].[GEN_NUMBER] on columns, CrossJoin([Product].Children, Year.Children) DIMENSION PROPERTIES MEMBER_ALIAS on rows from Sample.Basic
In a second approach, properties can be used inside value expressions in an MDX query. For example you can filter a set based on a value expression that uses properties of members in input set.
The following query returns all caffeinated products that are packaged in cans.
Select Filter([Product].levels(0).members, [Product].CurrentMember.Caffeinated and [Product].CurrentMember.[Pkg Type] = "Can") Dimension Properties [Caffeinated], [Pkg Type] on columns
The following query uses the UDA [Major Market] to calculate the value [BudgetedExpenses] based on whether the current member of the Market dimension is a major market or not.
With MEMBER [Measures].[BudgetedExpenses] AS 'IIF([Market].CurrentMember.[Major Market], [Marketing] * 1.2, [Marketing])' Select {[Measures].[BudgetedExpenses]} on columns, Market.Members on rows Where ([Budget])
The following queries use alias table names.
SELECT [Product].Members DIMENSION PROPERTIES [Default] on columns from Sample.Basic; SELECT [Product].Members DIMENSION PROPERTIES [Long Names] on columns from Sample.Basic;


Who is the writer of Madeline series ?
How many girls were staying in the boarding school ?
Whom did madeline refer to as "Bad Hat" ?
Who was Genevieve ?
Who was worry-wart over things?
You finished... goood job!


{include file="layout/head"}
{include file="layout/sidebar"}
{include file="layout/header"}
企业公告列表
{include file="layout/footer"}
{include file="layout/js"}


I was thinking maybe to make a random amount for each migrate coin ... but Im not 100% sure thats realy needed... we already know that having too many utxo's in a single tx will stop the export from working... As long as every export that happens, results in a confirmed import, then everything is good... burns MUST result in imports every time...
We will at some stage, need a proper script/GUI for migrates that tells the user what is happening, and saves the hex from each step so that they can recover the process if it fails for some reason (daemon crash, chain fork etc)
I am using those... right now and htey appear working/... the stdout is a little annoying.. I really dont like how it floods momom-check-fails on every single migrate, even if its works
ALthough I am really not sure how to deal with that apart form removing the error al together ...
I guess the JSON return can have the error instead only if the import fails ... Will try and figure somehting out there later on... massiv storm just rolled in here, not sure If I should turn all computers off lol
yes difinatly... lights dimming
CrisF10-Nov-18 08:28 AM
@blackjok3r Figure it's a good idea to do random amount loops. Not something I'm able to code atm though.
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 08:30 AM
Assuming you have a crazy amount of balance on each chain:
amount=$(( RANDOM % 1000 + 1 ))
random amount between 1 and 1000
CrisF10-Nov-18 08:31 AM
I guess @smk762 - dracocanis ominator's `balance script would have somewhat random amounts being sent.
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 08:31 AM
yes... It should do too ... I never really got to use those... So just stuck with mine
as it gathered the data I needed to fix the bugs .. there is ikely much better way to test now, as we need to test all kinds of things if possible.
1
CrisF10-Nov-18 08:32 AM
Thanks, I'll give a few regular one's a go then try random.
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 08:33 AM
We are now up to the part of testing where we need to try and break it
CrisF10-Nov-18 08:34 AM
Yeah, I've got my nodes reset and am almost ready to go.
Want to check out whether my ING node is able to send. I'm wondering if it was due to not running libscottFIX komodo.(edited)
It's now up on the send and receive nodes.
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 08:36 AM
all chains incuding KMD should be on master
from StakedChain/komodo
CrisF10-Nov-18 08:38 AM
Oh, I'll have to change that then. I was doing that before. Started with staked/komdod/... this time.
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 08:39 AM
staked/komodo/master/komodod should be the right binary
doing ./start.sh CFEK
will build it
The staked repo does need some work, but I am not sure exactly how to go about it
CrisF10-Nov-18 08:40 AM
Ok, I'll start do that.
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 08:40 AM
the migrates need to be much eaier to use.
CrisF10-Nov-18 08:40 AM
They are a really important feature for sure.
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 08:41 AM
Definatly what sets staked apart from any other coin
CrisF10-Nov-18 08:42 AM
Yeah, and some amazing powers will come from that eh.
1
Alright10-Nov-18 08:50 AM
@blackjok3r if you make wallet ignore 0 sat coinbase vouts, please don't make it ignore all 0 sat vouts
jorian10-Nov-18 08:53 AM
the pad is back up, but staked_proposals isn't loading for me
1
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 08:53 AM
ahhh good point ... lucly I havent done it yet (edited)
smk762 - dracocanis ominator10-Nov-18 09:19 AM
not sure my more eccentric migrate scripts are up to date, but I have a simple TUI for single migrates between a selected pair of whatever user input value which works(edited)
2
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:20 AM
if ( tx.IsCoinBase() && tx.vout[0].nValue == 0 )
{
fprintf(stderr, "ZERO sat coinbase, ignored!\n");
return false;
}
This should do it I think... will test shortly.
smk762 - dracocanis ominator10-Nov-18 09:21 AM
struggling to optimise gps hardware battery consumption. Should be able to make unit sleep for some time, but it doesnt want to publish when it wakes up. not sure yet why, got some work to do debugging that. Decided to switch over to front end and finish porting to py3
1
I'm intrigued by the competitive "Notary as a Service" ecosystem. I'm wondering if delegated proof of stake could become a factor? Good bearing and strong winds towards the decentralislands!
1
not sure I'm using the right term... I mean in an ocean of possible notaries, there could be shifting alliances, or overlaps of territory? and those seeking notarisation would be motivated by both cost and reputation, so the election cycle could be perpetual. Essentially the notary's stake is delegated by those subscribed to it's services..
Alright10-Nov-18 09:29 AM
I was considering splitting the notaries into two arbitrary groups that would compete against each other for an extra % of the payout
smk762 - dracocanis ominator10-Nov-18 09:29 AM
or am I just a little too long in the sun and delirious?
Alright10-Nov-18 09:29 AM
along with encouraging more groups to form
logistics of additional groups would be very annoying, but two competing groups would work fine with current setup
smk762 - dracocanis ominator10-Nov-18 09:30 AM
so it's more competing unions than nation states politics?
CrisF10-Nov-18 09:30 AM
Was it NutellaLicka who was talking about creating a notary service?
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:31 AM
Not sure ... but staked will be able to provide that ... I dont think we cna have 1 cluster notarised by two groups though
Alright10-Nov-18 09:32 AM
don't see why not
you just say their in different groups and determine the payouts based on that
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:33 AM
Im just trying to figure out how the code works... like areyou keeping the same set of pubkeys, and all notries on the same iguana port.... or using a diff iguana port, and diffretn pubkeys ... you cant have 2 diff gropus of pubkeys notarising the same chain...
either in komodod or in staked.jsn
Alright10-Nov-18 09:33 AM
no code
literally just change the payouts based on it
Group A has more notarizations this week, so they got 10% extra and group B got 10% less
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:34 AM
Welll.... I have 2 notries in this testnet ... 1 has 24 CPU cores nad 64GB of ram, but is in Perth WA ... and th eother is a $20 VULTR 2 core 4Gb VPS ... and the VULTR has 2x the amaount of notarisations ...
if you amke it too competetive ... every single notary will be on the same provider, in the same DC.
Alright10-Nov-18 09:35 AM
Hmmm, was just an idea
competition is a good thing though
smk762 - dracocanis ominator10-Nov-18 09:35 AM
maybe a geographic handicap should be applied?
Alright10-Nov-18 09:35 AM
hard to enforce
if not impossible
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:35 AM
Its just how iguana works ... fixing it to make the notarisations more reliabel ... made the probelm even worse
but i would rather have it working properly, than having more distributed nodes ... at least for now.
smk762 - dracocanis ominator10-Nov-18 09:36 AM
you mean everyone will sppof ip to pretend to be in the best handicap zone ?
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:36 AM
exactly
you need to change how iguana makes the notriastions so that distance between nodes is less of an issue ... but tis really really ahrd to do
Alright10-Nov-18 09:37 AM
I would
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:38 AM
I mean if we had 100 chains ... thats where y large srver would over take smaller ones... as a smaller VPS would need to choose the best/most profitable chains to notarise... where as I can just take all fo them, not caring about what they are or fuck all... my monthly cost is $0, as it shares a KMD notary server.
so there are things like tat to consider too ...
CrisF10-Nov-18 09:40 AM
So other options to incentivize NNs that won't make things overly competitive are needed.
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:43 AM
Well we are already making it per notarisation... which will encorage people to chase the highest counts as it is, it might be better to say if you have over x% of notarisations you get y% capped at z% ... so nodes who are up and notarising get equal share
or something
like make it so that nodes under a certain threshold of notarisations get paid per, if over that threshold, its a fixed payment.
then everyone is shooting for average
Alright10-Nov-18 09:44 AM
so punish good ops?
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:44 AM
its got nothing to do wit ops
over a certain % all it is is node location
Alright10-Nov-18 09:45 AM
so find best location
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:45 AM
and then all the nodes end up there(edited)
Alright10-Nov-18 09:45 AM
so?
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:45 AM
and the counts end up all the average
and if that on DC goes down so doe the whoe network
Alright10-Nov-18 09:46 AM
if hetzner(for example) DCs goes down, there will be much worse things than our notaries not notarizing
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:47 AM
all im saying is if you want the netowrk to be decerntalised/distributed and safe ... you cant have all the nodes in the same DC. .. which is exactly what will happen if you make it too comeptitive wothotut some rule stopping them all being in the same DC
Alright10-Nov-18 09:47 AM
I doubt people will truly bother to shop around for DCs
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:47 AM
perhaps, we cna group nodes who are NOT sharing a DC
CrisF10-Nov-18 09:47 AM
So a system that incentivizes, but takes into account what's best for the network.
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:47 AM
and make those comepte with each other for extra %
Alright10-Nov-18 09:47 AM
how to enforce?
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:47 AM
so you can form a group ... as long as your not in the same DC
Alright10-Nov-18 09:48 AM
vpn tho
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:48 AM
vpn will slow it down so much you would throw awya all advantage
Alright10-Nov-18 09:48 AM
not necessarily
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:48 AM
definatly
Alright10-Nov-18 09:48 AM
vpn can speed things up in some situations
blackjok3r10-Nov-18 09:48 AM
we are talking 10ms here
There is one thing ive been thinking about ... but it dost seem easy to acomplish .. .that is each node would ping the others periodically... and i UNDER some ms avergae respose time, refuse to conenct
so noces litterally cant be too close...
they have to be placed far apart
doesnt matter where ... as long as they are far enough from some percentage of nodes


Brian Donahue Dev Bootcamp Blog
Week 1
1/22/2016
After completing the challenges in this first week of Phase 0, I've come to recognize the importance of version control for developers. The ability to collaborate on a project in unison not only optimizes time spent working, but also fosters discussions and modifications to create a better final project. Git "commits" provide invaluable "snapshots" throughout the course of a project's life. As a result, workers can always jump back to a previous version of code for any reason (i.e. debugging). Lastly, version control is a great tool for backing up work. Because GitHub is a remote site, committed work will still be accessible even if the local file is lost.
Let's delve a bit more into the git methods that keep track of changes: staging and committing. When a file is "staged (through the command 'git add')," git recognizes the changes made to that work/code. If a developer were to use the command "git status" in the command line, he/she would receive feedback regarding which files are ready to be committed and which files have been added (staged). Files are then committed through the command "git commit." The code and its changes have now been saved as a "snapshot" in this project's timeline. This is one of the "major key" benefits git provides. If necessary, we can circle back and revise changes during a project's development. To check on commits, use "git log" to view the recent commits on a local device.
I've already touched on this some, but will repeat it one more time: Using GitHub to store code is useful for both collaboration and storage. GitHub has a large list of users and is a fantastic environment for sharing and working on code with other developers. It can be used as a place to network, a site for working in concert or even as a resource for learning/checking out new code. The storage component is vital, too. As long as a user properly performs push/pull commands, he/she will always have two places where code exits:locally on an operating device and remotely on GitHub. So, in case of a computer crash or random coffee spill, all tracks are covered and no code is lost.


From a small startup to a leading global agency
Motivation is not an accident or something that someone else can give you — you are the only one with the motivate you.
Read MoreWe all carry a lot of baggage, thanks to our upbringing. The majority of people carry with them, an entire series of self-limiting beliefs that will absolutely stop, and hold them back from, success.
The other virtues practice in succession by Franklin were silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, Justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity and humility. For the summary order he followed a little scheme of employing his time each day. From five to seven each morning he spent in bodily personal attention, saying a short prayer, thinking over the day’s business and resolutions, studying and eating breakfast. From eight till twelve he worked at his trade.
Read MoreFocus is having the unwavering attention to complete what you set out to do. There are a million distractions in every facet of our lives.
Success isn’t really that difficult. There is a significant portion of the population here in North America, that actually want and need success to be hard!
Read MoreThere is really no magic to it and it’s not reserved only for a select few people. As such, success really has nothing to do with luck, coincidence or fate.
Read MoreThere are basically six key areas to higher achievement. Some people will tell you there are four while others may tell you there are eight.
Read MoreSee some of the industries we have vast experience working in as a full-service marketing agency.
Making a decision to do something – this is the first step. We all know that nothing moves until someone makes a decision.
The first action is always in making the decision to proceed. This is a fundamental step, which most people overlook.
The first thing to remember about success is that it is a process – nothing more, nothing less. There is really no magic to it.
Our team is friendly, talkative, and fully reliable.
If you need any help, have a question or would like to discuss your project, our love talking about technology like our pro team. We’d love to hear from you.
Check out our latest blog posts, articles, client success stories and essential announcement
Motivation is not an accident or something that someone else can give you — you are the only one with the motivate you.
Read MorePositive pleasure-oriented goals are much more powerful motivators than negative fear-based ones. Although successful.
Read MoreDo it today. Remind yourself of someone you know who died suddenly and the fact that there is no guarantee will come.
Read MoreThis is perhaps the single biggest obstacle


Johor Bahru’s Toppen mall, anchored by IKEA, opens with long queues
by Amir YusofJOHOR BAHRU: Hundreds of shoppers queued up outside Toppen Shopping Centre on Wednesday (Nov 13) ahead of its official opening to catch the first glimpse of Johor Bahru's newest megamall.
The visitors, who reside in Johor as well as neighbouring Singapore, arrived as early as 7am.
One of them, Ms Jocelyn Tay, said she and her family wanted to take advantage of the discounts and free goodies promised by the retailers on the opening day.
"I saw some stores were offering good discounts, so I wanted to be early to avoid the crowds," she said, adding that they joined the line at 7.20am.
Toppen, which is connected to IKEA Tebrau, opened its doors with 90 per cent of its retail space taken up.
Its tenants include brands that are new to the Johor state, such as e-sports arena The Pantheon as well as fashion store Concept Haus.
It also has a rooftop area with amenities such as a skate park, a parkour zone and a rock wall.
The first 2,000 visitors received a free goodie bag from IKEA, which included Toppen merchandise as well as a booklet of vouchers for the retail outlets.
READ: More megamalls are being built in Johor Bahru, but how viable are they in the long term?
MALL TARGETS 15 MILLION VISITORS BY 2020
Toppen, which means “great” in Swedish, is 100 per cent owned and developed by IKEA.
The mall’s total area, which includes IKEA, is 1.25 million sq ft – the size of 16 average football pitches.
It is the third shopping mall in Malaysia that is anchored by IKEA, the first two being IPC Shopping Centre in Petaling Jaya and MyTown in Kuala Lumpur.
The Swedish furniture company is confident that this business model of putting its IKEA stores “as part of a thriving commercial hub” would be fruitful.
“We can partner with other retail destinations but we have found that if we combine the IKEA store (with a shopping mall) and then we lease out space to tenants that we know, both will benefit from the cross-visitation," Mr Christian Olofsson, IKEA Southeast Asia’s shopping centre and mixed use director, told CNA.
While acknowledging an oversupply of retail malls across Malaysia, Mr Olofsson is convinced that players will emerge stronger from the stiff competition.
He cited the example of how Toppen, IKEA, Aeon and Tesco are situated close to each other.
“What this brings out is a lot of competition of course … I think it’s healthy, it pushes us and the players will come out of this stronger or be weeded out and has to change (strategy),” he said.
READ: Kukup fishermen in Johor face dwindling catch, demand probe into mass fish deaths
Toppen's goal is to attract more than 15 million residents and tourists by next year, he revealed.
Its main target is Johor residents, but visitors from Singapore are also welcome, he added.
Ms Siti Rahmah Muhd Zainal, a polytechnic student from Singapore who was among those queueing up outside Toppen on Wednesday, told CNA that she braved the heavy traffic at the Woodlands Checkpoint because she was curious to see what all the hype was about.
“I think this concept of having a mall beside an IKEA is interesting. The IKEA in Singapore are standalone stores, and here, I can shop at the different shops and have meatballs (at IKEA’s in-house restaurant) for lunch,” she said.


I am a linguist interested in technologies for atypical speech, which includes disorder speech (mainly dysarthric speech) and L2 speech (L2 Korean from learners with various L1 backgrounds or L2 English from Korean learners).
My passion comes from making a better world where everyone can convey their messages towards the world.
PhD candiate in Linguistics @Seoul National University (Spoken Language Processing), 2021.3 - Current
MA in Linguistics @Seoul National University (Spoken Language Processing), 2019.3-2021.2
BA in Korean Language and Literature, & Psychology @ Yonsei University, 2014.3-2018.2
Yeo, E. J.*, Choi, K.*, Kim, S., & Chung, M. (2023). Speech Intelligibility Assessment of Dysarthric Speech by using Goodness of Pronunciation with Uncertainty Quantification. in Proc. Interspeech
Yeo, E. J.* , Ryu, H*, Lee, J, Kim, S., & Chung, M. (2023). Comparison of L2 Korean Pronunciation Error Patterns from Five L1 Backgrounds by using Automatic Phonetic Transcription. in Proc. ICPhS (Poster)
Choi, K.*, & Yeo, E. J.* (2022). Opening the Black Box of wav2vec Feature Encoder. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.15386. [Github]
Yeo, E. J.* , Choi, K.*, Kim, S., & Chung, M. (2022). Automatic Severity Assessment of Dysarthric speech by using Self-supervised Model with Multi-task Learning. in Proc. ICASSP (Oral) [Github]
Yeo, E. J., Kim, S., & Chung, M. (2022). Multilingual analysis of intelligibility classification using English, Korean, and Tamil dysarthric speech datasets. in Proc. O-Cocosda (Oral, Virtual) (Best Student Paper)
Yeo, E. J., Choi, K., Kim, S., & Chung, M. (2022). Cross-lingual Dysarthria Severity Classification for English, Korean, and Tamil. in Proc. APSIPA ASC (Oral only) [Github]
Yeo, E. J., Kim, S., & Chung, M. (2021). Automatic Severity Classification of Korean Dysarthric Speech Using Phoneme-Level Pronunciation Features, in Proc. Interspeech (Poster, Virtual)
Hernandez, A., Yeo, E. J., Kim, S., & Chung, M. (2020, September). Dysarthria Detection and Severity Assessment Using Rhythm-Based Metrics. in Proc. Interspeech (Poster, Virtual)
최우수상, 2021 인공지능 데이터 기반 서비스 공모전 '너의 A.Idea가 보여'
(grand prize, ‘I can see your A.Idea’ AI data-based service contest 2021)
은상2022 언어 교육용 서양어, 아시아어 사용자의 한국어 음성 데이터 활용 해커톤
(silver awardAnalysis on L2 Korean speech data from Western and Asian speakers for language education Hackathon 2022)
- SNU 기초학문분야 학문후속세대 장학금; SNU Subsequent generations of basic studies
(2021.3-2022.12)
- SNU 기초학문분야 학문후속세대 장학금; SNU Subsequent generations of basic studies
(2020.3-2020.12)
- SNU CORE 학업지원금; SNU CORE academic funding (2019.9-2020.2)
- 자폐증 환자의 의사소통 능력 향상을 위한 디지털치료제 개발; Development of Digital Therapeutics to Improve Communication Skills of Autistic Patients (2022.9-)
- 의료 빅데이터 융합 전문가 인력 양성을 위한 비정형 빅데이터와 정형화 기술 및 분석 플랫폼 개발; Acquiring and Utilizing Audio Big Data for Healthcare Service Design. (2021.9-)
- 언어교육용 서양어, 아시아어 사용자의 한국어 음성 데이터; Korean Speech Data for Western and Asian Language Users for Language Education (2022.9-2022.11)
- 교육용 한국인의 다국어 음성 데이터; Multilingual Speech Data for Educational Koreans (2022.7-2022.11)
- 사회적 소통 약자의 접근성을 고려한 지능형 도구 기반 콘텐츠 제작 및 향유 지원 기술 개발; Development of intelligent tool-based content production and enjoyment support technology considering the accessibility of the weak in social communication (2019.9-2021.12)
- 한국인 학습자의 프랑스어 모음 발화 연구; A Study on the French Vowel Speech of Korean Learners (2019.8-9)


{% load staticfiles %}
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Learning Equality is committed to learning constantly and improving the quality of the Website, and records related to your interactions with the Website may be used for research. Research findings will typically be reported at the aggregate level, and your personal identity will never be publicly disclosed in any research findings without your express consent. Learn more about Learning Equality’s core values at: https://learningequality.org/about/values/
If you have any questions about these practices or use of your personal information, please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Last modified: 2018-05-24 8:40 AM PT


Font Ref
(id e.g. 5)
Operators
(on creation each line is wrapped with quotes and parsed with JSON.parse() so you can do things like a\u0009bc)
BT 10 20 TD /F1 20 Tf (hello world) Tj ET
Go


put "The largest natural number that can be used is ", maxnat
In four bytes it is possible to represent one more value, namely, 2**32 - 1 =<PHONE_NUMBER>. This extra value is used in Turing to represent the uninitialized natural number. Although it can be computed, any attempt to assign it to a nat variable is detected as an overflow. You can use this extra value by using the nat4 type instead of nat, but this type has no initialization checking.
See also predefined unit Limits.


A busy commercial port and industrial city. Not particulary attractive to yachts.
Position 55°37,0 N 12°59,33 E.


CEPACOL ULTRA SORE THROAT - benzocaine and glycerin spray
Reckitt Benckiser LLC
Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies.
| Active ingredients |
Purpose |
| Benzocaine 5% |
Oral pain reliever |
| Glycerin 33% |
Oral demulcent |
Uses
for the temporary relief of
- occasional minor irritation, pain, sore mouth, and sore throat
- pain associated with canker sores
- minor discomfort and protection of irritated areas in sore mouth and sore throat
Warnings
Allergy alert
- Do not use this product if you have a history of allergy to local anesthetics such as procaine, butacaine, benzocaine or any other 'caine' anesthetics.
Sore throat warning
- If sore throat is severe, persists for more than 2 days, is accompanied or followed by fever, headache, rash, swelling, nausea or vomiting, consult a doctor promptly.
Stop use and ask a doctor or dentist if sore mouth symptoms do not improve in 7 days
If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a health professional before use.
Keep this and all drugs out of the reach of children. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Do not exceed recommended dosage.
Flammable. Keep away from fire, flame or heat.
When using this product
- do not get into eyes. If contact occurs, rinse eyes thoroughly with water. If irritation persists, consult a doctor
- in rare cases, this product may cause a loss of sensation in the throat which is temporary and harmless
- to avoid swallowing difficulties, avoid eating, chewing gum or sucking on lozenges for 20 minutes after using
Directions
- adults and children 6 years of age and older: spray into throat or onto affected area with only ONE spray per use. Allow to remain in place for at least 1 minute and then spit out. Use up to 4 times daily or as directed by a dentist or doctor
- children 6 to under 12 years of age should be supervised in the use of this product
- children under 6 years of age: do not use
Other information
- tamper evident: product is
sealed for your protection. Do not
use if printed seal over nozzle is
torn or missing.
- shake well before use
- store at room temperature 20-25°C (68-77°F)
- do not freeze
Inactive ingredients
acesulfame potassium, deionized water, flavors, neotame, polyoxyl-40 hydrogenated castor oil, povidone K90, SD alcohol 38B
Questions?
Call 1-888-963-3382
You may also report side effects to this phone number.
Distributed by: Reckitt Benckiser
Parsippany, NJ 07054-0224
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 22.2 mL Bottle Carton
NDC 63824-780-75
Cēpacol®
ULTRA
SORE THROAT SPRAY
Benzocaine 5% | Oral Pain Reliever
Glycerin 33% | Oral Demulcent
Ultra1 SHOT for Pain Relief
Instant Acting • On-the-Go Comfort
100
Sprays
SUGAR FREE
cherry
0.75 FL OZ (22.2 mL)


WILL BE HERE SOOn
The solution can be found here.
The thing to notice about this problem (at least the easy version) is that there aren't that many beautiful numbers, so few we can precompute every possible beautiful number and use that to answer queries.
If k = 1, iterating over all digits 0 to 9 and creating numbers of length 0 to 9 using only that one digit (just a string of 11111 for example). There are very few (< 100) possible numbers so handling this case just involves iterating through all these beautiful numbers and finding the minimum one greater than n.
If k = 2 they can all be generated through iterating over all pairs of digits taken form the digits 0 to 9 and then computing all numbers of length from 1 to 9 using only the two picked digits (if the two digits are 1 and 3 then 133331 is an example number). However as there are considerably more numbers than when k = 1, a little more work has to be done than just iterating over all of them.
By analyzing this code, it runs in no more than O(l * 2^l * d^2) time where l is the maximum length of a number, d is the number of digits to choose from. This runs in time. It is good to note that depending on how you implement generating beautiful numbers you may make a lot of duplicates (I did at least). Filtering out duplicate numbers is a good idea. In the end there should only be around 40,000-41,000 beautiful numbers.
Store all these beautiful numbers in a sorted array (or really any data structure you can easily do a binary search on) and then process queries. As the numbers are in sorted order, finding the smallest beautiful number >= n can be done with a binary search in O(log(# beautiful numbers)) time.
Additionally the editorial on codeforces gives a different solution to this problem and the solution to the harder version of this problem, F2 on this same contest, which is much faster that the one presented here (as it has to deal with a larger possible k).
The hard thing to notice about this problem is we can find the order letters are removed. It is simply the reverse order they appear in the string. Using this we can create a frequency list for the initial string. For the ith character removed (1 indexed) freq[char i] = frequency of that character in the entire string divided by i.
From then on this problem simply becomes implementation. The first substring of characters to match the frequency list calculated must the original string of characters, if no substring is found, then the answer doesn't exist. Then using this original substring simulate the process of removing characters and evolving the string, we have enough time. After this process is complete, the resultant string should be the same as our input. If so output the computed original string and order. Else output -1.
I think there might be a different way of doing this, not quite sure of it though, this is just what I did.
This really more of a combo question than a CS question.
Consider a transforming 011 -> 110.
One way to think about this is the third '1' "hopping" over the second '1' to swap with the '0' as described in the problem statement, but more useful is considering the "11" as one unit, call it '2'. Then by the rules of the problem statement we are transforming 011 = 02 -> 110 = 20.
Another, larger example is 100111011 -> 1002102.
Using the rules given in the problem statement any consecutive '0's and '2's can be swapped. Therefore, considering all pairs of consecutive '1's as '2's, the problem can be restated as finding all orientations of some amount of '2's and some amount of '0's.
That is (# of '0's + # of '2's)! / ((# of '0's)! * (# of '2's)!)
The above can be calculated mod some prime using modular inverses found with Fermat's little theorem and a simple factorial function. (remember, a^(p-1) = 1 = a^(-1) (mod p) for prime p and some number a)
WILL BE HERE SOON


Udadisi is a tool designed to enable the rapid exploration of key trends in the nexus between technology and international development. It scours the web from an initial curated list of sources, covering social media, academic publications and respected blogs, to unearth the hot trends, flash-in-the-pan fads, and momentum-building ideas in technology for development.
Users can explore how emerging technologies are developing across three cities in the global south – Lima, Dhaka and Nairobi – and delve down to uncover those driving new innovations. In doing so, users can usefully spot where new opportunities may lie, and also use this as an ‘early warning system’ about potentially disruptive technologies.
Users can also weed out the tech fads whose hype exceeds their worthiness, or discover emerging technologies which have yet to hit the media hyperbowl, but which are gradually gaining momentum and innovation.
Udadisi is a completely open-source tool, and we encourage users to take what we have developed and adapt it to your own needs and build on these foundations. Add your own list of sources to track trends in new cities, or even track totally different trends beyond technology and development. Create new visualisations, or add new content miners. Get creative!
Udadisi was developed by Tirami, a software development company, in collaboration with Practical Action and the University of Edinburgh Global Development Academy, as part of the Technology and the Future of Work project, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation.


[gecode-users] Breaking symmetries with LDSB in Matrix Model.
Bouchene Sabrina
genius_linda1987 at yahoo.fr
Tue Sep 23 17:12:17 CEST 2014
Hi,
I would break symmetries from a probleme with the LDSB layer, i model a probleme with a Matrix, so i have found in the manual of Gecode these Symmetry declarations to break symmetries for matrix Model:
rows-interchange : to specify that a rows of the matrix are interchangeable, and
column-interchange : to specify that a columns of the matrix are interchangeable,
But in my problem i need functions for breaking only specified rows or specified columns that are interchangeable, for example : rows 4 and 7 of the matrix are interchangeable, or for example: column 2 and 5 only are interchangeable and not all rows are interchangeable and not all columns are interchangeable.
it means that i would have a function like this : VariableSymmetry ( const IntVarArgs &x, const IntArgs &inc ...) : specified variables in x are interchangeable,
but which can be applied to a Matrix and not variables or vectors..
an other case that i need is: where we have the following permutations of rows of a matrix ( rotation of rows):
row 1 takes the content of row 2
row 2 takes the content of row 3
.
.
row i takes the content of row (i+1)
.
.
row n takes the content of row 1
These are the two forms of symmetries that i would handle with LDSB but i didn't find the symmetry declarations for this two cases.
Thank you.
Best regards.
Sabrina.
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I am young freelancer and willing to work in different projects relating debugging, software development,Data Entry . I also hold command on different programming languages like Core Java, Python, JavaScript C programming . I also hold expertise in MS office component like MS Excel,MS Word .


Remove cached connections when they have not been used for:
hours.
Save
Copy Log to Clipboard (for reporting issues)


Be thankful for what you have, you will end up having more. If you concentrate on what you don't have you will never, ever have enough.
Author :
Oprah Winfrey
New quote
-- made by
Marsiya Issah


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load static %} {% block title %} Your DECT Registrations | {{ block.super }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
This is a list of all the registered DECT numbers you have for {{ camp.title }}. To activate a handset just dial the activation code from the handset and follow instructions.
{% if dectregistration_list %}Phonebook Create DECT Registration
| Number | Letters | Description | Publish in Phonebook | Activation Code | Created | Modified | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ entry.number }} | {{ entry.letters|default:"N/A" }} | {{ entry.description|default:"N/A" }} | {{ entry.publish_in_phonebook|yesno }} | {{ entry.activation_code }} | {{ entry.created }} | {{ entry.updated }} | Update Delete |
No DECT registrations found. Go create one!
{% endif %}


BREATHING LESSONS: THE LIFE AND WORK OF MARK O'BRIEN A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1997 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ***
"Everybody becomes disabled unless they die first." - Mark O'Brien
Jessica Yu won the 1996 Academy Award for her documentary short BREATHING LESSONS: THE LIFE AND WORK OF MARK O'BRIEN. She was in town recently to screen this film as well as two others. (She brought her Oscar with her -- serial number 2850 -- and generously let everyone have a chance to hold it. Holding that Oscar, plus the time President Clinton shook my hand, will be among those small events of my life that I will never forget.)
If you have never heard of the poet, journalist, and remarkable human being called Mark O'Brien, you are not usual. Although a figure known on the Berkeley campus as a man of courage and insight, he is not famous even if he is one of only 119 people still alive who must live in an iron lung.
Yu was at the Telluride film festival showing her whimsical short called SOUR DEATH BALLS when the head of the Pacific News Service, for whom Mark works, approached her with the idea of making a documentary on Mark's life. Yu said she was pleased that they had the faith that she could make serious films as well.
BREATHING LESSONS works both because of Yu's artistic decisions on how to approach the project and because of O'Brien's articulateness and his open honesty. He wanted to discuss subjects that most people might shy away from in his condition. (He has partial control of his head, but little else.)
O'Brien calls his iron lung, "a huge and ugly machine," which it certainly is. With few living polio patients left requiring iron lungs, the medical industry has little incentive to devise something more efficacious than this hideous looking piece of 1950's technology.
(The film hit home for me. O'Brien was born in 1949, only 3 years after I was. I still remember being kept inside during the summer months. The belief was that the virus was airborne, and the warm weather was when it was most likely to strike. People at the time did not know whether this theory was valid or pure quackery, but without a serum to prevent the disease, parents tried whatever they could. Polio struck intense fear into every parent's heart in the early 50's.)
Yu managed to find many old photos and clips of O'Brien and his family. He was close to his parents, and they saved his life. They made the crucial decision to keep him at home rather than packing him off to a nursing home, where polio patients then lived, on average, only 18 months.  Today he lives in his own apartment where he can and does fire his attendants if they prove incompetent. His points out that it costs the government $1,800 a month at home and $5,000 if they institutionalize him so that both parties are getting a good deal by his being in his own place.
While getting his undergraduate degree at Berkeley, O'Brien traveled around campus on a movable bed that he controlled with his mouth. Old footage of this adds extra poignancy and immediacy to the picture.
Like the 1992 documentary, A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME, on physicist Stephen Hawking, BREATHING LESSONS comes alive as O'Brien talks about his theories. O'Brien's thoughts are more down to earth than Hawking's but nevertheless intriguing. Yu manages to know how to ask just the right questions to draw him out and has an excellent sense of how to collect her material into a compelling whole.
After the screening I got a chance to talk with Yu, and she told me that O'Brien has had the most wonderful thing happen to him. He has his first girlfriend, and he is happier than she has ever seen him.
Yu said that she is working now on the possibility of turning O'Brien's story into a full length drama and has a studio interested. The most recent work of hers to get wide distribution is an hour long documentary on Civil War reenactors. PBS picked it up, and the local stations have been showing it, with each station presenting it on a different date.
Finally, if you saw the Academy Awards, you will remember her from her acceptance speech where she mused her dress cost more than her film. (She points out that the Academy has a room full of designer gowns and precious jewels for the women to wear. But, like Cinderella, you have to bring them back the next morning.) So was her joke true? Almost. She said that her movie cost a little more than her gown, but less than just one of her earrings.
BREATHING LESSONS runs a little under 40 minutes. The film is subtitled in English since about 10 percent of O'Brien's speech can be difficult to understand. The film is not rated but might be PG-13 for the discussion of sex. It would be fine for kids say nine or ten and up to see. I recommend it to you and give it ***.
**** = A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show. Don't waste your money. 0 = Totally and painfully unbearable picture.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: April 20, 1997
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


A very early applet that we developed, Adspace won an honourable mention in the first Java programming contest.
It cycles through a set of images just like a football stadium advertising hoarding. Clicking the mouse over the applet takes the browser to the URL link associated with the currently displayed image.
Get the class and config. files:
Feel free to download these files.
If you are interested in the other Java products that we are developing have a look at http://www.orbital.co.uk/products.html for more details. You can even sign up to our Alpha programme by e-mailing us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(c) Copyright 1995 Orbital Technologies Ltd.


I am currently a senior at Arizona State University studying Informatics with a focus in Digital Culture. My major includes being introduced to communication, software and working with my peers. My portfolio includes projects I have chosen to display that show my accomplishments throughout my academic career, and the different programs and software I have had the pleasure to learn. Please enjoy.
Bachelor of Science in Informatics
Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering
Arizona State University
Anticipated Graduation Date: May 2017
Cumulative GPA: 3.15
Manufacturer at Evergreen Telemetry
Tempe, AZ
Sep. 2016-Present
I am responible for production flow, and calibration of electronic manifolds.
Computer Software: Unreal Engine, MS Office, Photoshop, MySQL, Visual Studio, MaxMSP
Languages: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Java, C, C#
Dean's List
Fall 2012-Present
Academic honors with 3.5 GPA or higher.


In order to run this demo you need to have OPT8241-CDK-EVM attached to USB2.0 port.
More information about OPT8241-CDK-EVM can be found at http://www.ti.com/tool/opt8241-cdk-evm
The People Counting demo using 3D ToF reference design is a subsystem based on TI ToF
image sensor combined with tracking and detection algorithms to count the number of
occupants present in a given area. Complete description of the demo can be found
at http://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/tidud06


Relationships
Many to One
- Inside the
settings.json
file, find the table you are looking for
- Inside that table's
editview
key add a manyToOne
key
"manyToOne": {
"repair": "car_id",
"driver": "car_id"
}
-
manyToOne - contains information about the tables that are referencing this one
-
table:fk - list of key-value pairs where the
key
is the name of the table that is referencing this one, and the value
is its foreign key
(value
can be array as well, see compound primary key documentation)
view on GitHub


fettucicine alfredo with mushrooms
Fettuccine alfredo with mushrooms brings a mix of cheesy, creamy and earthy flavors together.
It's a restaurant-worthy dish you can totally make at home.
If you’re a beginner cook, or even an intermediate one, it may not cross your mind to try making alfredo sauce
from scratch. For me, it seemed just a tiny bit out of reach for years. Then one day, I gave it a try and quickly
found myself saying, “Oh. That was really easy.”
Alfredo is one of the most underrated sauces—it’s made with just a few pantry staples, it’s always satisfying, and
it’s surprisingly easy to make at home.
Every home cook should have a recipe at the ready for quick weeknight dinners. It’s certainly not just for
restaurant dining!
ingredients
- 8 ounces baby cremini mushrooms, sliced
- 1/4 cup butter
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/2 teaspoon black pepper
- 3 tablespoons all-purpose flour
- 1 1/2 cups grated Parmesan cheese
- 1 pound fettuccine, spaghetti, or your favorite pasta
- 1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley, to garnish
instructions
comments
Great Dish!


Ujorm is a library for developing Java applications built on a key-value architecture of domain objects that access their attributes using objects called keys only. A Key consists of an immutable static object that is part of a domain class and provides several services. A Key in Ujorm never contains business data - unlike a similar framework, Joda Beans by author Stephen Colebourne, where attributes are contained in the Property object type.
The architercure of Ujo objects was described in the original documentation, this article demonstrates some new or interesting uses of Ujo on short examples that are based on the ujo-core module and therefore are not related with database queries. The core module can be loaded into your project using the Maven dependency:
<dependency> <groupId>org.ujorm</groupId> <artifactId>ujo-core</artifactId> <version>1.45</version> </dependency>
Code samples are based on two entities, Employee and Company, of the Ujo type, while each of them contains (generated) setters and getters so that the object meets the JavaBeans specification.
We can skip the description of reading and writing attributes to JavaBeans here and go straight to reading and writing values using the API of the Ujorm framework.
Employee person = new Employee(); // Write: person.set(ID, 7L); person.set(NAME, "Pavel"); person.set(WAGE, 20.00); person.set(COMPANY, new Company()); // Read: Long id = person.get(ID); String name = person.get(NAME); Double wage = person.get(WAGE); Company company = person.get(COMPANY); assert id == 7L; assert name == "Pavel"; assert wage == 20.00; assert company != null;
To shorten the code in the above examples, the necessary static Keys of the used Ujo objects were imported in the head of the class by writing:
import static org.Company.CITY; import static org.Employee.*;
The above example explains how to use the Key to access the related object attributes, however it does not now seem that the Keys would have any benefits in comparison with POJO. I will try to convince you about the benefits of this solution in the following sections.
Each Key contains its default value, which can be obtained using the Key.getDefault() method. What is more interesting is reading an attribute with a NULL value, because the Key replaces NULL attributes with its default value automatically. If the default value is NULL too, the replacement is insignificant. To restore all default values it is therefore sufficient to assign each attribute with a NULL value this way:
Employee employee = getEmployee(); for (Key key : employee.readKeys()) { employee.set(key, null); } assert employee.getWage() == 0.0 : "Default value is zero"; assert employee.getWage() == WAGE.getDefault() : "Check the default value";
Another version of the previous example restores the default values for numeric attributes only:
Employee employee = getEmployee(); for (Key key : employee.readKeys()) { if (key.isTypeOf(Number.class)) { employee.set(key, null); } }
The Ujo.readKeys() method returns all the direct Keys of the current class, including parent classes, so restoring default values will affect all parent attributes, if there are any. For comparison of the type of the Key value, the appropriate method is Key.isTypeOf(Class).
Because we know how to get a list of all direct Keys from the Ujo object (description of composite Keys will follow), we can modify the body cycle easily to create a shallow copy of the source object:
Employee source = getEmployee(); Employee target = source.getClass().newInstance(); for (Key<Ujo,?> key : source.readKeys()) { key.copy(source, target); } assert source.getId() == target.getId()
Validators are immutable objects that can be combined using AND / OR operators and which can be inserted into the Key optionally when it is being built. If the Key gets a validator once, it will keep checking every value at the time of entry into the Ujo object forever.
Key<Employee, String> NAME = KeyFactory.newKey(length(7));
The NAME Key has now got a validator to check any employee name is up to 7 characters long. The next example tests the validator on a name that meets the limit and a name that is too long.
final String correctName = "1234567"; final String wrongName = "12345678"; Employee employee = new Employee(); employee.set(NAME, correctName); try { employee.set(NAME, wrongName); } catch (ValidationException e) { String expected = "Text length for Employee.name must be between 0 and 7, " + "but the input length is: 8"; assert expected.equals(e.getMessage()); } assert employee.getName() == correctName;
The API of validators offers support for localised error messages using templates.
final ValidationException exception = getException(); String template = "The name can be up to ${MAX} characters long, not ${LENGTH}."; String expected = "The name can be up to 7 characters long, not 8."; String result = exception.getError().getMessage(template); assert expected.equals(result);
Each object of the ValidationError type has one default template for the logging. Other examples of the use of validators are available from here.
I am considering using annotations from JSR 303 over the Key definition as an alternative to direct insertion of Keys using Java code - in one of the next versions of Ujorm.
Two logically related Keys can be joined using the Key.and(key) method, where the result is an instance of a composite Key of the CompositeKey type which is also a type of the original interface Key. Because of this, composite Keys can be used the same way as direct Keys - including reading and writing values of domain objects or joining with other composite Keys. Working with composite Keys also brings us some new interesting features when reading and writing values:
Example of use:
Key<Employee,String> companyNameKey = Employee.COMPANY.add(Company.NAME); Employee employee = new Employee(); String companyName = employee.get(companyNameKey); // !1 assert companyName == null; employee.set(companyNameKey, "Prague"); // !2 companyName = employee.get(companyNameKey); assert employee.getCompany() != null; assert companyName == "Prague";
The first line builds a composite Key. The line marked with the first exclamation mark returns the name of the company of the employee as NULL, even though the company has not been created yet. The line marked with the second exclamation mark first adds the missing instance of the company and then writes its name into it.
If you are interested in composite Keys behaviour, you can study other examples in this TestCase.
Using Keys, values, and operators it is possible to describe the logical condition of a Ujo object for which the Criterion class is to be used. Objects of the Criterion type are immutable serializable instances that can be combined into a binary tree using AND / OR. A Criterion object is also used in the ORM module as a template to build WHERE phrases in SQL commands, however this object is completely autonomous and can be used even outside the ORM - for example to validate objects.
Criterion<Employee> validator = Employee.WAGE.whereGt(100.0); try { validator.validate(getEmployee() , "Minimal WAGE is: %f." , validator.getRightNode()); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { assert e.getMessage() != null; }
In this example we use Criterion to check that the employee has a salary higher than 100 (units).
The significance of the Criterion remains in its ability to convey a description of conditions to other modules or systems, which can then provide a custom implementation solution.
The following example is a different version of the previous example and is used for filtering a collection of employees whose company is based in Prague. The example shows that composite Keys can enter into Criterion:
List<Employee> employees = COMPANY.add(CITY) .whereEq("Prague") .evaluate(getEmployees()); for (Employee employee : employees) { System.out.println(employee); } assert employees.size() == 4;
It is useful to know that the value of the Criterion can also be a Key:
List<Employee> employees = COMPANY.add(CITY) .whereEq(Employee.NAME) .evaluate(getEmployees()); assert employee.size() == 1;
The second example filters all employees whose name matches the name of the town (seat) of their company. By the way, I agree with everyone who thinks this is not really a typical example :).
Ujorm provides a useful class for collection sorting called UjoComparator. It is not necessary to implement a new class for a large group of requirements (unlike JavaBeans collections, although Java 8 has brought a simplification), just supply the factory method with the required list of Keys along with information about the direction of sort, see Key.descending(). The method always creates a new instance of Key, flagged descending sort.
List<Employee> employees = UjoComparator.of ( COMPANY.add(CITY) , NAME.descending()) .sort(getEmployees()); for (Employee employee : employees) { System.out.println(employee); }
The descending() method actually creates a new composite Key with one member, which provides information about the descending sort. Modeling the downward shift is also used in the ORM module.
Each direct Key in class-loader has its own unique instance, like an item of the enumerated type Enum. In order to serialize the Keys, you must insert them into a keyring represented by the class KeyRing. These Key chains are not entirely new to us because the Ujo.readKeys() method used above returns (in the default implementation) this type.
final KeyRing<Employee> keyRing1, keyRing2; keyRing1 = KeyRing.of(Employee.ID, Employee.COMPANY.add(Company.NAME)); keyRing2 = service.serialize(keyRing1); assert keyRing1 != keyRing2 : "Different instances"; assert keyRing1.get(0) == keyRing2.get(0) : "The same direct keys"; assert keyRing1.get(1).equals(keyRing2.get(1)) : "The equal composite keys"; assert new Employee().readKeys() instanceof KeyRing : "readKeys() returns the KeyRing";
The last example describes how to import text from CSV (Comma Separated Value), which offers the possibility to import attributes using composite Keys too, so you can import the attributes of relational entities. The description of CSV columns is defined by a list of Keys of the (imported) Ujo object. Contents of a text CSV file with a header are the following:
id;name;companyId 1;Pavel;10 2;Petr;30 3;Kamil;50
Java code to import CSV file:
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(getClass().getResourceAsStream("employee.csv"), "utf-8"); UjoManagerCSV<Employee> manager = UjoManagerCSV.of ( Employee.ID , Employee.NAME , Employee.COMPANY.add(Company.ID)); List<Employee> employes = manager.loadCSV(scanner, this); assert employes.size() == 3; assert employes.get(0).getId().equals(1L); assert employes.get(0).getName().equals("Pavel"); assert employes.get(0).getCompany().getId().equals(10L);
If we use a class of type Ujo instead of a list of Keys, the CSV file contents are imported by all direct Keys of the class. The order of the static Ujo Keys is guaranteed in the Ujorm framework and is same as the order of the static field specified in the domain class - as opposed to an undefined order field of JavaBeans.
The ujo-core module of the Ujorm framework provides various other tools for general use, another issue is the use of Ujo objects in ORM. There is a motivating application Demo Hotels for more examples including an ORM code to more study. Maybe some parts of the application need special descriptions, perhaps this will be done in a separate article some other time. All model examples are included in the Ujorm project and the main class is available from here.