23. Thereupon the whole of Kusinara, even to the dust heaps and rubbish heaps, became covered knee-deep in mandarava flowers.[62] And homage was paid to the body of the Blessed One by the deities as well as the Mallas of Kusinara. With dance, song, music, flower-garlands, and perfume, both divine and human, respect, honour, and veneration were shown. And they carried the body of the Blessed One northward to the northern part of the town; and having carried it through the northern gate, they went through the centre of the town, and then eastward to the east of the town; and having passed through the east gate, they carried the body of the Blessed One to the cetiya of the Mallas, Makuta-bandhana, and there laid it down.
24. Then the Mallas of Kusinara spoke to the Venerable Ananda, saying: "How should we act, Venerable Ananda, respecting the body of the Tathagata?"
"After the same manner, Vasetthas, as towards the body of a universal monarch."
"But how, venerable Ananda, do they act respecting the body of a universal monarch?"
"The body of a universal monarch, Vasetthas, is first wrapped round with new linen, and then with teased cotton wool. And again it is wrapped round with new linen, and again with teased cotton wool, and so it is done up to five hundred layers of linen and five hundred of cotton wool. When that is done, the body of the universal monarch is placed in an iron oil-vessel, which is enclosed in another iron vessel and a funeral pyre is built of all kinds of perfumed woods, and so the body of the universal monarch is burned. And at a crossroads a stupa is raised for the universal monarch. So it is done, Vasetthas, with the body of a universal monarch.
"And even, Vasetthas, as with the body of a universal monarch, so should it be done with the body of the Tathagata; and at a crossroads also a stupa should be raised for the Tathagata. And whoever shall bring to that place garlands or incense or sandalwood paste, or pay reverence, and whose mind becomes calm there -- it will be to his well being and happiness for a long time."
25. Then the Mallas gave orders to their men, saying: "Gather now all the teased cotton wool of the Mallas!" And the Mallas of Kusinara wrapped the body of the Blessed One round with new linen, and then with teased cotton wool. And again they wrapped it round with new linen, and again with teased cotton wool, and so it was done up to five hundred layers of linen and five hundred of cotton wool. When that was done, they placed the body of the Blessed One in an iron oil-vessel, which was enclosed in another iron vessel, and they built a funeral pyre of all kinds of perfumed woods, and upon it they laid the body of the Blessed One.
26. Now at that time the Venerable Maha Kassapa[63] was journeying from Pava to Kusinara together with a large company of five hundred bhikkhus. And on the way, the Venerable Maha Kassapa went aside from the highway and sat down at the foot of a tree.
And a certain Ajivaka came by, on his way to Pava, and he had taken a mandarava flower from Kusinara. And the Venerable Maha Kassapa saw the Ajivaka coming from a distance, and as he drew close he spoke to him, saying: "Do you know, friend, anything of our Master?"
"Yes, friend, I know. It is now seven days since the ascetic Gotama passed away. From there I have brought this mandarava flower."
27. Thereupon some bhikkhus, not yet freed from passion, lifted up their arms and wept; and some, flinging themselves on the ground, rolled from side to side and wept, lamenting: "Too soon has the Blessed One come to his Parinibbana! Too soon has the Happy One come to his Parinibbana! Too soon has the Eye of the World vanished from sight!"
28. Now at that time, one Subhadda, who had renounced only in his old age, was seated in the assembly.[64] And he addressed the bhikkhus, saying: "Enough, friends! Do not grieve, do not lament! We are well rid of that great ascetic. Too long, friends, have we been oppressed by his saying: 'This is fitting for you; that is not fitting for you.' Now we shall be able to do as we wish, and what we do not wish, that we shall not do."
But the Venerable Maha Kassapa addressed the bhikkhus, saying: "Enough friends! Do not grieve, do not lament! For has not the Blessed One declared that with all that is dear and beloved there must be change, separation, and severance? Of that which is born, come into being, compounded, and subject to decay, how can one say: 'May it not come to dissolution!'?"
29. Now at that time four Mallas of the foremost families, bathed from the crown of their heads and wearing new clothes, with the thought: "We will set alight the Blessed One's pyre," tried to do so but they could not. And the Mallas spoke to the Venerable Anuruddha, saying: "What is the cause, Venerable Anuruddha, what is the reason that these four Mallas of the foremost families, bathed from the crown of their heads and wearing new clothes, with the thought: "We will set alight the Blessed One's pyre,' try to do so but cannot?"
"You, Vasetthas, have one purpose, the deities have another."
"Then what, venerable sir, is the purpose of the deities?"
"The purpose of the deities, Vasetthas, is this: 'The Venerable Maha Kassapa is on his way from Pava to Kusinara together with a large company of five hundred bhikkhus. Let not the Blessed One's pyre be set alight until the Venerable Maha Kassapa has paid homage at the feet of the Blessed One.'"
"As the deities wish, venerable sir, so let it be."
30. And the Venerable Maha Kassapa approached the pyre of the Blessed One, at the cetiya of the Mallas, Makuta-bandhana, in Kusinara. And he arranged his upper robe on one shoulder, and with his clasped hands raised in salutation, he walked three times round the pyre, keeping his right side towards the Blessed One's body, and he paid homage at the feet of the Blessed One. And even so did the five hundred bhikkhus.
And when homage had been paid by the Venerable Maha Kassapa and the five hundred bhikkhus, the pyre of the Blessed One burst into flame by itself.
31. And it came about that when the body of the Blessed One had been burned, no ashes or particles were to be seen of what had been skin, tissue, flesh, sinews, and fluid; only bones remained. Just as when ghee or oil is burned, it leaves no particles or ashes behind, even so when the body of the Blessed One had been burned, no ashes or particles were to be seen of what had been skin, tissue, flesh, sinews, and fluid; only bones remained. And of the five hundred linen wrappings, only two were not consumed, the innermost and the outermost.
32. And when the body of the Blessed One had been burned, water rained down from heaven and extinguished the pyre of the Blessed One, and from the sala trees water came forth, and the Mallas of Kusinara brought water scented with many kinds of perfumes, and they too extinguished the pyre of the Blessed One.
And the Mallas of Kusinara laid the relics of the Blessed One in their council hall, and surrounded them with a lattice-work of spears and encircled them with a fence of bows; and there for seven days they paid homage to the relics of the Blessed One with dance, song, music, flower-garlands, and perfume, and showed respect, honour, and veneration to the relics of the Blessed One.
33. Then the king of Magadha, Ajatasattu, son of the Videhi queen, came to know that at Kusinara the Blessed One had passed away. And he sent a message to the Mallas of Kusinara, saying: "The Blessed One was of the warrior caste, and I am too. I am worthy to receive a portion of the relics of the Blessed One. I will erect a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One and hold a festival in their honour."
34. And the Licchavis of Vesali came to know that at Kusinara the Blessed One had passed away. And they sent a message to the Mallas of Kusinara, saying: "The Blessed One was of the warrior caste, and we are too. We are worthy to receive a portion of the relics of the Blessed One. We will erect a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One and hold a festival in their honour."
35. And the Sakyas of Kapilavatthu came to know that at Kusinara the Blessed One had passed away. And they sent a message to the Mallas of Kusinara, saying: "The Blessed One was the greatest of our clan. We are worthy to receive a portion of the relics of the Blessed One. We will erect a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One and hold a festival in their honour."
36. And the Bulis of Allakappa came to know that at Kusinara the Blessed One had passed away. And they sent a message to the Mallas of Kusinara, saying: "The Blessed One was of the warrior caste, and we are too. We are worthy to receive a portion of the relics of the Blessed One. We will erect a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One and hold a festival in their honour."
37. And the Kolis of Ramagama came to know that at Kusinara the Blessed One had passed away. And they sent a message to the Mallas of Kusinara, saying: "The Blessed One was of the warrior caste, and we are too. We are worthy to receive a portion of the relics of the Blessed One. We will erect a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One and hold a festival in their honour."
38. And the Vethadipa brahmin came to know that at Kusinara the Blessed One had passed away. And he sent a message to the Mallas of Kusinara, saying: "The Blessed One was of the warrior caste, and I am a brahmin. I am worthy to receive a portion of the relics of the Blessed One. I will erect a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One and hold a festival in their honour."
39. And the Mallas of Pava came to know that at Kusinara the Blessed One had passed away. And they sent a message to the Mallas of Kusinara, saying: "The Blessed One was of the warrior caste, and we are too. We are worthy to receive a portion of the relics of the Blessed One. We will erect a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One and hold a festival in their honour."
40. But when they heard these words, the Mallas of Kusinara addressed the assembly, saying: "The Blessed One has passed away in our township. We shall not part with any portion of the relics of the Blessed One." Then the brahmin Dona spoke to the assembly, saying:
"One word from me, I beg you, sirs, to hear!
Our Buddha taught us ever to forbear;
Unseemly would it be should strife arise
And war and bloodshed, over the custody
Of his remains, who was the best of men!
Let us all, sirs, in friendliness agree
To share eight portions -- so that far and wide
Stupas may rise, and seeing them, mankind
Faith in the All-Enlightened One will find!""So be it, brahmin! Divide the relics into eight equal portions yourself."
And the brahmin Dona said to the assembly: "So be it, sirs." And he divided justly into eight equal portions the relics of the Blessed One, and having done so, he addressed the assembly, saying: "Let this urn, sirs, be given to me. Over this urn I will erect a stupa, and in its honour I will hold a festival." And the urn was given to the brahmin Dona.
41. Then the Moriyas of Pipphalivana came to know that at Kusinara the Blessed One had passed away. And they sent a message to the Mallas of Kusinara, saying: "The Blessed One was of the warrior caste, and we are too. We are worthy to receive a portion of the relics of the Blessed One. We will erect a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One and hold a festival in their honour."
"There is no portion of the relics of the Blessed One remaining; the relics of the Blessed One have been divided. But take from here the ashes." And they took from there the ashes.
42. And the king of Magadha, Ajatasattu, son of the Videhi queen, erected a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One at Rajagaha, and in their honour held a festival. The Licchavis of Vesali erected a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One at Vesali, and in their honour held a festival. The Sakyas of Kapilavatthu erected a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One at Kapilavatthu, and in their honour held a festival. The Bulis of Allakappa erected a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One at Allakappa, and in their honour held a festival. The Kolis of Ramagama erected a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One at Ramagama, and in their honour held a festival. The Vethadipa brahmin erected a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One at Vethadipa, and in their honour held a festival. The Mallas of Pava erected a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One at Pava, and in their honour held a festival. The Mallas of Kusinara erected a stupa over the relics of the Blessed One at Kusinara, and in their honour held a festival. The brahmin Dona erected a stupa over the urn, and in its honour held a festival. And the Moriyas of Pipphalivana erected a stupa over the ashes at Pipphalivana, and in their honour held a festival.
So it came about that there were eight stupas for the relics, a ninth for the urn, and a tenth for the ashes.
And thus it was in the days of old.
43.
Eight portions there were of the relics of him,
The All-Seeing One, the greatest of men.
Seven in Jambudipa are honoured, and one
In Ramagama, by kings of the Naga race.
One tooth is honoured in the Tavatimsa heaven,
One in the realm of Kalinga, and one by the Naga kings.
Through their brightness this bountiful earth
With its most excellent gifts is endowed;
For thus the relics of the All-Seeing One are best honoured
By those who are worthy of honour -- by gods and Nagas
And lords of men, yea, by the highest of mankind.
Pay homage with clasped hands! For hard indeed it is
Through hundreds of ages to meet with an All-Enlightened One![65]
The Maha-Parinibbana Sutta is ended.
Notes:
[References to Anguttara Nikaya (= AN) are to collection followed by sutta number; those to Digha Nikaya (= DN) and to Majjhima Nikaya (= MN) are to sutta number.]
1. Bhagava: also rendered "the Auspicious One" or "the Exalted One"; the most frequent appellation of the Buddha, though not restricted to Buddhist usage. [Go back]
2. Ajatasattu Vedehiputta. Comy. says that Ajatasattu's mother was a Kosala princess and not the daughter of the Vedehi king. Hence Comy. explains vedehiputta as "son of a wise mother." Ajatasattu became king of the powerful state of Magadha after murdering his father, King Bimbisara (see DN 2). [Go back]
3. Tathagata: lit. "Thus-gone" or "Thus-come"; likewise an appellation of the Buddha, which he generally used when speaking of himself. [Go back]
4. Ananda was a cousin of the Buddha and his personal attendant for twenty-four years. He attained arahatship after the passing away of the Buddha, just before the commencement of the First Council, at which he was the reciter of the Digha Nikaya and the authority for the Sutta Pitaka. [Go back]
5. The discourse referred to here is AN VII.19. [Go back]
6. The group-names, which are not in the original, are supplied from other references to the qualities concerned; here satta saddhamma, about which see AN VII.63; MN 53. In the Comy. to MN 8 they are called "the complete equipment required for insight" (BPS Wheel No. 61/62, p.48). [Go back]
7. Satta bojjhanga. See Piyadassi Thera, The Seven Factors of Enlightenment (BPS Wheel No. 1). [Go back]
8. Saraniya dhamma: also at MN 48, AN VI.11, 12. [Go back]
9. Virtue (sila), concentration (samadhi), and wisdom (pañña) are the three divisions of the Noble Eightfold Path. Our text stresses again and again the importance of a full development of all three for final liberation. [Go back]
10. Asava: those defiling factors -- sensual desire, craving for existence, and ignorance -- primarily responsible for maintaining bondage to the cycle of rebirths. Also translated as "cankers" or "corruptions." Later texts add a fourth, the taint of wrong views. [Go back]
11. Sariputta was the chief disciple of the Buddha and the one who excelled in wisdom. For a full account of the life and works or this illustrious individual, see Nyanaponika Thera, The Life of Sariputta (BPS Wheel No. 90/92). [Go back]
12. Evam-dhamma. Comy. and Sub. Comy.: This refers to concentration and to the mental qualities belonging to concentration (samadhipakkhiya dhamma) such as energy, mindfulness, etc. Comy. explains "abiding" (vihara) as abiding in the attainment of cessation (nirodha-samapatti). [Go back]
13. Evam-vimutta: their deliverance from defilements and from future rebirths. [Go back]
14. On the five hindrances, see Nyanaponika Thera, The Five Mental Hindrances (BPS Wheel No. 26). [Go back]
15. On the four foundations of mindfulness, see below, II:14. The seven factors of enlightenment are enumerated in I:9. [Go back]
16. Puta-bhedanam. Comy. explains as the breaking open, the unpacking, of boxes (puta) of merchandise for the purpose of distribution. But probably it refers to the bursting open of the seed-box of the patali flower. [Go back]
17. The stage of arahatship, the last of the four stages of deliverance. The next three paragraphs refer to disciples on the three lower stages, respectively, the non-returner, once-returner, and stream-enterer (anagami, sakadagami, sotapanna). [Go back]
18. Or: "not delayed (in its results)." [Go back]
19. Animitta cetosamadhi. Comy. explains this term here as referring to the fruition-attainment of arahatship (phalasamapatti), in which the Buddha becomes absorbed in the direct experience of Nibbana and no longer attends to external objects or feels mundane feelings. In another context it can mean the concentration developed by intensive insight. [Go back]
20. Tamatagge: a difficult word. Comy. takes it to stand for the superlative form, aggatama, "highest," but alludes also to the Pali word tama, "darkness." It is rather difficult to accept that a superlative suffix should be made to precede the word it qualifies. Tibetan and Chinese parallels (Waldschmidt, Das Mahaparinirvana-sutra Berlin, 1950-51) pp. 200 ff.) point to a meaning as "the highest." In the fragments of the Turfan Sanskrit version, these words are not preserved. Comy. says: "Tamatagge = tama-agge; the 't' in the middle is inserted for euphonic reasons. The meaning is: these are the very highest, the most eminent (ime aggatama tamatagga). Having cut every bondage of darkness (tama-yoga), those bhikkhus of mine will be on the very top, in the highest rank (ativiya agge uttamabhave). Among them those will be on the very summit (ati-agge) who are desirous of training; and those whose resort is the four foundations of mindfulness will be at the very top of them." [Go back]
21. Kappam va tittheyya kappavasesam va. Comy. takes kappa not as "world-period" or "aeon," but as ayu-kappa, "life span," and explains avasesa (usually "remainder") by "in excess."
Comy.: "He may stay alive completing the life span pertaining to men at the given time. (Sub. Comy.: the maximum life span.) Kappavasesa: 'in excess' (atireka), i.e. more or less above the hundred years said to be the normally highest life expectation."
Among the numerous meanings of the word kappa, there is, in fact, that of time in general (kala) and not only the duration of an aeon; but the meaning "life span" seems to have been ascribed to it only in this passage. Also, the meaning "in excess" for avasesa (usually "remainder") is unusual.
The four constituents of psychic power (iddhipada) are concentration due to zeal, energy, purity of mind, and investigation. [Go back]
22. According to Comy., Ananda's mind had been influenced (pariyutthitacitto) by Mara's exhibiting a frightful sight which distracted his attention, preventing him from grasping the Buddha's suggestion. [Go back]
23. "Convincing and liberating." This stands for the one Pali word sappatihariya, an attempt to render the two connotations which the word has according to the commentaries and in the context of other occurrences in the Canon. The commentaries derive it from the verb patiharati, "to remove," and explain it as (1) the removal of what is adverse, e.g. opposition and objections (covered by "convincing"), and (2) the removal of inner obstructions, i.e. defilements such as greed, etc., effected by arahatship. It is probably to point to that latter meaning that the commentary to our present text paraphrases our passage as follows: "until they are able to preach the Teaching in its liberating (niyyanika) capacity." [Go back]
24. Tulam atulañca sambhavam: lit. "the measurable and immeasurable productive cause (of life)," i.e. the volitional action causing rebirth in the confined, or limited sense-sphere, or in the unbounded fine-material and immaterial spheres. [Go back]
25. Bhavasankhara: the formative force of becoming, in the sense of what forms existence. [Go back]
26. Kavacam iv'attasambhavam. Comy.: "He breaks through the entire net of defilements that envelops individual existence like a coat of mail; he breaks the defilements as a great warrior breaks his armor after a battle." The Sanskrit version has "like an egg shell" (kosam iv' anda-sambhavam). [Go back]
27. Comy.: "Even by this much the Venerable Ananda was aware of the fact: 'Surely, today the Blessed One has renounced his will to live on.' Though the Blessed One knew that the Venerable Ananda was aware of it, he did not give him another opportunity to ask him to stay on for the remainder of his life span, but he spoke to him about other eight-term groups beginning with the eight assemblies." Sub. Comy.: "Some say that the Buddha did so in order to divert the Venerable Ananda and to prevent grief from arising in him." [Go back]
28. See also the Maha-Sihanada Sutta (MN 12). [Go back]
30. That is: "perceiving forms on his own body." This refers to preliminary concentration. [Go back]
31. This refers to the kasina-nimitta, the after-image arising with full concentration. [Go back]
32. He derives the "sign" from objects external to his body. [Go back]
34. Rupi. This refers to form-sphere absorption (rupajjhana) obtained with form objects of one's own body. [Go back]
35. Subhan tveva adhimutto hoti. Comy.: "Hereby, meditative absorption (jhana), obtained through blue-kasinas, etc., of very pure colour is indicated." [Go back]
36. The Comy. says that the Buddhas, when looking back, turn the whole body round as an elephant does. [Go back]
37. In the earlier edition of this work, mahapadesa was rendered as "great authorities." It is now known that the proper meaning of apadesa is not "authority," but "reference" or "source." Besides, from the passage it is clear that there are only two real "authorities" -- the Discourses (Suttas) and the Discipline (Vinaya). [Go back]
38. Sukara-maddava: a controversial term which has therefore been left untranslated. Sukara = pig; maddava = soft, tender, delicate. Hence two alternative renderings of the compound are possible: (1) the tender parts of a pig or boar; (2) what is enjoyed by pigs and boars. In the latter meaning, the term has been thought to refer to a mushroom or truffle, or a yam or tuber. K.E. Neumann, in the preface to his German translation of the Majjhima Nikaya, quotes from an Indian compendium of medicinal plants, the Rajanigantu, several plants beginning with sukara.
The commentary to our text gives three alternative explanations: (1) the flesh from a single first-born (wild) pig, neither too young nor too old, which had come to hand naturally, i.e. without intentional killing; (2) a preparation of soft boiled rice cooked with the five cow-products; (3) a kind of alchemistic elixir (rasayanavidhi). Dhammapala, in his commentary to Udana VIII.5, gives, in addition, young bamboo shoots trampled by pigs (sukarehi maddita-vamsakaliro). [Go back]
39. Comy.: "These verses, and several to follow, were inserted by the elders who collected the Dhamma (texts at the First Council)." [Go back]
40. Alara Kalama was one of the Buddha's teachers before his Enlightenment. He taught the Bodhisatta how to attain the sphere of nothingness, but could not show him the path to Nibbana. [Go back]
41. Comy.: "From the town of Pava it is three gavutas (approx. five miles) to Kusinara. Walking that distance with great effort and sitting down at twenty-five places on the way, the Blessed One reached the Sala Grove at dusk when the sun had already set. Thus comes illness to man, crushing all his health. As if he wanted to point to this fact, the Blessed One spoke those words which deeply moved the whole world: 'I am weary, Ananda, and want to lie down.'" [Go back]
42. See The Four Sacred Shrines, by Piyadassi Thera (BPS Bodhi Leaves No. 8). [Go back]
43. At Lumbini near Kapilavatthu, the ancestral seat of the Sakyans in the foothills of the Himalayas. An Asokan pillar marks the spot. [Go back]
44. At Buddha-Gaya, in Bihar. [Go back]
45. At Isipatana near Benares (modern Sarnath). [Go back]
46. Sadatthe. Comy.: "for the highest purpose, the goal of arahatship." There is a different reading, saratthe, "for an essential purpose." [Go back]
47. Cakkavatti-raja: the ideal king of righteousness according to Buddhist tradition. [Go back]
48. Ayasa: generally "made of iron," has here according to Comy. the meaning "made of gold," for which there is also support in the Sanskrit usage of the word. [Go back]
49. Paccekabuddha is one awakened or enlightened for himself alone. Such Paccekabuddhas arise at times when there is no Fully Enlightened One (samma-sambuddha). Like the latter, they attain to Enlightenment by their own effort, but unlike them are not able to lead others to deliverance. See Ria Kloppenberg, The Paccekabuddha: A Buddhist Ascetic (BPS Wheel No. 305/307). [Go back]
50. The word vihara, given in the text, cannot refer here to a monastery or monks' living quarters. Comy. explains it as a pavilion (mandala-mala). If the locality was used as a meeting place for the clan, as Comy. states, there may well have been a kind of shelter there. The couch in the open, which Ananda was asked to prepare for the Master, was probably a seat for the chiefs of the Malla clan put up at that place. [Go back]
51. Sekha. This signifies those at the three lower stages of emancipation, before reaching arahatship. Ananda, at that time, had reached the first of these stages, stream-entry. [Go back]
52. Anasavo: that is, an arahat. [Go back]
53. The "seven jewels" of a universal monarch are: the magical wheel, emblem of his sovereignty, by which he conquers the earth without the use of force; his wonderful elephant; his horse; his beautiful wife; his precious gem; his treasurer; and his advisor. All are endowed with wondrous properties. For more on Maha Sudassana, see the sutta which bears his name, DN 17. [Go back]
54. The four degrees of saintliness are the stream-enterer, the once-returner, the non-returner, and the arahat. [Go back]
55. "Friend," in Pali is avuso, "venerable sir" = bhante, "your reverence" = ayasma. [Go back]
56. Since Ananda, at this point, did not ask what the minor rules were, the Sangha decided not to abolish any of the rules of the Vinaya. [Go back]
57. Channa had been the Buddha's charioteer while the latter was still a prince living in the palace. Because of his prior connection with the Buddha, he was obdurate and refused to submit to discipline. This imposition of the "higher penalty" (brahmadanda) changed him into an obedient monk. [Go back]
58. Handa dani bhikkhave amantayami vo: Vayadhamma sankhara appamadena sampadetha. Earnestness (appamada) is explained as "presence of mindfulness." Comy.: "'You should accomplish all your duties without allowing mindfulness to lapse!' Thus did the Blessed One, while on the bed of his Parinibbana, summarize in that one word on earnestness the advice he had given through forty-five years." [Go back]
59. Anuruddha, the elder brother of Ananda, would have known this through the super-normal power of reading the minds of others, which he possessed. [Go back]
60. Brahma Sahampati was a high divinity of the Brahma-world. It was he who originally requested the newly enlightened Buddha to teach the Dhamma to the world. See MN 26. [Go back]
61. Sakka is the king of the gods in the Tavatimsa heaven, and thus a lower figure in the cosmological hierarchy than Brahma Sahampati. [Go back]
62. A celestial flower which appears on earth only on special occasions, particularly in connection with the chief events in the life of the Buddha. Its appearance in the hands of the Ajivaka ascetic signalled to the Venerable Maha Kassapa that the Buddha's Parinibbana had already taken place. (See below, Section 26.) [Go back]
63. He was one of the foremost disciples of the Buddha and became the president of the First Great Council held shortly after the Buddha's Parinibbana. See Helmuth Hecker, Maha Kassapa: Father of the Sangha (BPS Wheel No. 345). [Go back]
64. This Subhadda is a different person from the wanderer Subhadda who became the Buddha's last personal disciple. [Go back]
65. Comy. ascribes these verses to the "Elders of Tambapanni Island (Sri Lanka)." [Go back]
Source: Access-to-Insight, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/canon/digha/dn16.html
[Mục lục Trường Bộ Kinh][Trở về trang Thư Mục]


Ombudsman Committee
Finally, the Ombudsman Committee has been chosen. This committee is
designed to serve the Terra Vista Community in the event that the residents
and builders of Terra Vista are unable to reach a consensus during the
development and maintainance of the community. Their various backgrounds and
the respect for their work and their opinions has led the members of the
community to elect them to this position. The committee, in alphabetical order:
- Adam Gruen -
Dr. Adam Gruen is the author of vCity 1.0,
first conceptualized long before Terra Vista was born. Adam has contributed to
the community before it existed with the insight and vision he has displayed
in this book.
- Bernie Roehl -
Bernie needs no introduction to many of the members of Terra Vista. He is an
old-timer in the VRML community, and contributes to the growth of VRML with
his writings. The experience and understanding he brings to Terra Vista will
ensure the growth of this project.
- George Philippakos -
If anyone can be called the founder of Terra Vista, it would be George. His
suggestion to the VRML mailing list on March 25, 1996, entitled "g-zip inlines
and some crazy thoughts" will live forever as the foundation for the world we
now live in. Since that time, George has kept the vision alive.
- Jeff Sonstein -
Jeff is another old-timer in the VRML community ("since before there were
browsers" in his own words), and has also contributed his writings to support
the development of VRML. His
experience in the computer industry and dedication to VRML has earned him the
deserved respect in the VRML community and in Terra Vista.
- Kevin Rattai -
Kevin could be refered to as the one who has organized and rallied us together
for the creation of this community. He has been extremely active in the design
of Terra Vista from it's conception, and has made sure to involve everyone
who is interrested. Kevin's dedication to Terra Vista is evident to all members
of the community.


Anna Hazarey
Brief
Module
Planning
Module
Program
Development
Archives
Partner
Indentification
Project
Managment
Project
Assessment
Technology Platform for csr


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 2
Celery is a surprisingly good vegetable for roasting and tastes delicious cooked with pancetta, shallots, white wine vinegar and herbs.
Equipment and preparation: you will need a double thickness of greaseproof paper, 38x60cm/15x24in in when folded and a large solid baking tray.
Preheat the oven to 240C/475F/Gas 9.
Begin by removing the tough outer layers of the celery, then pare the outside of the root off, but leave it attached. Now cut across the celery about 9cm/3½in from the base. Stand the lower half upright and cut vertically through the centre. Then cut each half into 4 to make 8 pieces, keeping them attached to the root. Save a couple of nice leaves (preferably attached to a small stem) and trim the top pieces of celery to a similar length to the base, cutting off any really tough and stringy edges. Now wash all the pieces and dry them on kitchen paper.
Next heat one tablespoon of the oil in a frying pan, then lightly brown the celery and shallots, keeping them on the move so they brown evenly. Now transfer them to a plate. Increase the heat under the pan, add the pancetta and fry the slices until they're really crisp - it will take 2-3 minutes and you'll need to keep turning them.
Next lay the silicone paper over the baking tray and lightly grease a circle of 23cm/9in on it. Arrange the celery in an attractive shape on the paper, putting the prettiest pieces on the top, add the shallots, thyme, rosemary and sage leaves in among it, and season with salt and pepper.
Now combine the remaining olive oil and wine vinegar, sprinkle that over the vegetables, followed by the pancetta crumbled into pieces with your hands. Next fold the silicone paper over and seal, making pleats, all round - you may find a couple of metal (not plastic) paper clips useful here, as it's essential to keep the steam trapped inside. Place the parcel in the pre-heated oven for 20-25 minutes.
After that carefully unwrap the paper - you may need scissors - and serve the vegetables with the juices spooned over.


Audi India announces heavy discount of up to Rs 6 lakh on SUV Q5, Q7
The Audi Q5 and Q7 were first introduced in India in 2009.
by Press Trust of IndiaGerman luxury car maker Audi on Friday announced slashing of prices of its popular SUVs Q5 and Q7 by up to Rs 6.02 lakh for a limited period to mark ten years of sales of the models in India.
The Audi Q5 and Q7 were first introduced in India in 2009.
Under the 'limited period celebratory price' offer, the Audi Q5 in both petrol and diesel options will be tagged at Rs 49.99 lakh as against the current price of Rs 55.8 lakh, lesser by Rs 5.81 lakh, Audi India said in a statement.
The Q7 petrol version will cost Rs 4.83 lakh less at Rs 68.99 lakh under the offer as compared to the existing price of Rs 73.82 lakh.
Similarly, the diesel option of Q7 will be tagged at Rs 71.99 lakh, cheaper by Rs 6.02 lakh from the current price of Rs 78.01 lakh, the company added.
Commenting on the move, Audi India Head Balbir Singh Dhillon said since their market introduction in 2009 in India, the Q5 and Q7 have been popular and paved the way for the success of the Audi brand in India.
"As these two immensely popular models from our portfolio complete a decade in India, we want to reward our customers and Audi enthusiasts with special prices. This celebratory pricing will make our iconic Q-models accessible to luxury enthusiasts," he added.
The offer started Friday and will continue till the stock lasts.


AppWebsocket
The appwebsocket library contains a class AppWebsocket, which can be used as base class
for a session object allocated for incoming websocket connections. This class handles the
authentication protocol using the myPBX authentication. It relates to the
innovaphone.appwebsocket.js library on the client side. There are member functions
for sending and receiving messages.
Protocol
JSON messages are used on this interface. There are some common properties, which are defined
by the this library already, which is documented as
AppWebsocket
APIs
The library uses the mechanism defined by json_api.h
to plug-in code to implement a specific API, which is addressed by the "api" property. Any App
may use or provide APIs. These are documented in the context of these Apps. There are also
libraries using this API mechanism (e.g. Replication).
File information
Classes
AppWebsocket
class AppWebsocket : public UWebsocket, public IJsonApiConnection {
...
public:
AppWebsocket(IWebserverPlugin * plugin, class IInstanceLog * const log, class JsonApiContext * jsonApiContext = 0);
~AppWebsocket();
virtual char * AppWebsocketPassword() { return 0; };
virtual char * AppWebsocketPassword(const char * domain) { return NULL; };
virtual const char * AppWebsocketInstanceDomain() { return NULL; };
virtual void AppWebsocketMessage(class json_io & msg, word base, const char * mt, const char * src) = 0;
virtual void AppWebsocketBinaryMessage(void * buffer, int len) { };
virtual void AppWebsocketAppInfo(const char * app, class json_io & msg, word base) { }
virtual void AppWebsocketServiceInfo(const char * app, class json_io & msg, word base) { }
virtual const char * AppWebsocketDeviceAppType(const char * app) { return 0; }
virtual void AppWebsocketLogin(class json_io & msg, word info) { };
virtual bool AppWebsocketConnectComplete(class json_io & msg, word info) { return true; }
virtual void AppWebsocketClosed() = 0;
virtual bool AppWebsocketApiPermission(const char * api) { return true; }
virtual void AppWebsocketSendResult() = 0;
virtual void AppWebsocketCheckLogin(const char * src, const char * app, const char * domain, const char * challenge, const char * digest) { AppWebsocketCheckLoginComplete(src, app, domain, challenge, digest, AppWebsocketPassword()); };
bool AppWebsocketLoginComplete(const char * password, char * key = 0, unsigned keyLen = 0);
void AppWebsocketCheckLoginComplete(const char * src, const char * app, const char * domain, const char * challenge, const char * digest, const char * password);
void AppWebsocketMessageComplete();
void AppWebsocketMessageSend(class json_io & msg, char * buffer);
void AppWebsocketMessageSendText(const char * buffer);
void AppWebsocketMessageSendBinary(char * buffer, int len);
void AppWebsocketClose();
void AppWebsocketEncrypt(const char * seed, const char * data, char * out, size_t outLen);
void AppWebsocketDecrypt(const char * seed, const char * data, char * out, size_t outLen);
void AppWebsocketHash(const char * seed, const char * data, char * out, size_t outLen);
bool AppWebsocketIsEncryptedConnection() { return websocket->IsEncryptedConnection(); };
void RegisterJsonApi(class JsonApi * api) override;
void UnRegisterJsonApi(class JsonApi * api) override;
void JsonApiMessage(class json_io & msg, char * buffer) override;
void JsonApiMessageComplete() override;
bool JsonApiPermission(const char * api) override { return AppWebsocketApiPermission(api); };
char * domain;
char * sip;
char * guid;
char * dn;
char * app;
char key[65];
};
Base class for incoming AppWebsocket sessions. It provides public functions which may
be called by the application and virtual function, which may be overridden for the
signaling of events on the protocol.
virtual AppWebsocket
Contructor used to initialize the class.
Parameters
| IWebserverPlugin * plugin |
The IWebserverPlugin object passed in the WebserverWebsocketListenResult function.
|
| class IInstanceLog * const log |
The log is used to log dependent of the log flag LOG_APP_WEBSOCKET.
|
| class JsonApiContext * jsonApiContext |
Optional parameter, needed if other libraries, based on the JsonApi mechanism
are used (e.g. config.h).
|
virtual AppWebsocketPassword (overloaded)
Called by the library to read the shared secret, which is part of the App instance
configuration.
Return value
The app instance password. If null is returned, the function AppWebsocketLogin is
called to start assynchronous athentication.
virtual AppWebsocketPassword (overloaded)
Called by the library to read another domain dependent shared secret, if the first shared secret failed.
Parameters
| const char * domain |
The domain name.
|
Return value
The domain password, if defined. If null is returned, the function AppWebsocketLogin is
called to start assynchronous athentication.
virtual AppWebsocketInstanceDomain
Called by the library to read the App Instance domain. It is sent within the AppLoginResult
message as property "domain".
Return value
The domain name of the instance.
virtual AppWebsocketConnectComplete
Will be called after the connection / authentication process had been completed and with
that the AppWebsocket connection had been established.
The default implementation is just an empty function, which returns true
Parameters
| class json_io & msg |
The message as JSON data structure.
|
| word info |
Indicates the location of the info structure inside the message. The info structure contains additional user, app and licensing information.
For Details see the protocol definition: AppWebsocket.
|
Return value
The application should return true to indicate, that it is ready
to receive messages. If false is returned, a call to AppWebsocketMessageComplete() is needed
to receive messages.
virtual AppWebsocketMessage
Called by the library on received messages. The message is json decoded.
Parameters
| class json_io & msg |
The message as JSON data structure.
|
| word base |
indicates the location of message inside the
JSON structure
|
| const char * src |
The "src" member of the message. This should be sent back with any response. It is
used on the Javascript side to route the message to the object, which sent the request.
|
virtual AppWebsocketBinaryMessage
Called by the library on received binary messages.
Parameters
| void * buffer |
The message.
|
| int len |
The length of the message.
|
| const char * src |
The "src" member of the message. This should be sent back with any response. It is
used on the Javascript side to route the message to the object, which sent the request.
|
virtual AppWebsocketMessageComplete
Function to be called to acknowledge the last message. Unless this function is called no
further message is received.
virtual AppWebsocketMessageSend
Function which can be called to send a message. buffer should be a buffer big enough to
hold the complete message. It is used only during the call to this function.
Parameters
| class json_io & msg |
The message as JSON data structure.
|
| char * buffer |
A buffer that shall be used for encoding the message. Must be big enough to contain the whole message.
|
virtual AppWebsocketSendResult
Called by the library when the message is sent. The App should not send further messages
unless this call is received, if the App wants to have flow control for bulk data. If flow
control on application level is done, this function needs not to be implemented.
AppWebsocketClose
Can be called to request closing of the websocket connection
virtual AppWebsocketClosed
Called when the websocket connection is closed. It can be used to delete the App session
(e.g. delete this).
virtual AppWebsocketAppInfo
Called by the library to get information of the specified app. This includes for
example if the app is hidden and which client APIs are provided by the app.
The application is supposed to encode a JSON structure containing the information.
Parameters
| const char * app |
The name of the app for which the information is requested.
|
| class json_io & msg |
A JSON structure to put the information.
|
| word base |
The position inside the JSON structure where to put the information.
|
Information that can be published in the JSON
| hidden |
true if the app is an API provider without a UI. Hidden apps are run in the background without displaying them to the user.
|
| presence |
true if the app instance provides presence for badge counts on the AppWebsocket connection using the PbxSignal API.
|
| apis |
An object that should contain an object for each client API that is provided by the app. Please see the Example.
|
virtual AppWebsocketServiceInfo
Called by the library to get information about the websocket services of a certain app instance.
The application is supposed to encode a JSON structure containing the information.
Parameters
| const char * app |
The name of the app for which the information is requested.
|
| class json_io & msg |
A JSON structure to put the information.
|
| word base |
The position inside the JSON structure where to put the information.
|
virtual AppWebsocketDeviceAppType
Called by the library to get information about the device app type. This happens when an
AppInfo message is received.
Parameters
| const char * app |
The name of the app for which the information is requested.
|
Return Value
A string, which is sent as "deviceapp" property in the AppInfoResult message.
virtual AppWebsocketLogin
Called by the library if null is returned on AppWebsocketPassword, so that the
Login can be handled assynchronously in the application
Parameters
| class json_io & msg |
Json data which contains the AppLogin message
|
| word info |
Handle of the info object inside the AppLogin message.
|
Return Value
A string, which is sent as "deviceapp" property in the AppInfoResult message.
virtual AppWebsocketApiPermission
Called by the library when the function JsonApiPermission is called by an JsonApi
implementation, so that the application can check if the use of the Api is allowed
in the context of this session.
Parameters
| const char * api |
The Api id.
|
Return Value
Return true to allow the use of the Api.
virtual AppWebsocketCheckLogin
Called by the library when the message AppCheckLogin is received. This can be used
to check if a login is valid. The PBX Manager uses this function to verify if the
passwords stored in App objects are valid.
The default implementation calls AppWebsocketCheckLoginComplete with AppWebsocketPassword,
so that this check works in case the AppWebsocketPassword function is used for the password.
Parameters
| const char * src |
The src property as received
|
| const char * app |
The app propery as received
|
| const char * domain |
The domain name as received
|
| const char * challenge |
The challenge property as received
|
| const char * digest |
The digest propery as received
|
virtual AppWebsocketLoginComplete
Called by the application to complete a login process started with the AppWebsocketLogin
call
Parameters
| const char * password |
The password used to check the login.
|
| char * key |
Optional buffer to copy the session key into.
|
| unsigned keyLen |
Length of the key buffer.
|
virtual AppWebsocketCheckLoginComplete
Called by the application to complete a check login process started with the
AppWebsocketCheckLogin call
Parameters
| const char * src |
The src as received in AppWebsocketCheckLogin
|
| const char * app |
The app as received in AppWebsocketCheckLogin
|
| const char * domain |
The domain name as received in AppWebsocketCheckLogin
|
| const char * challenge |
The challenge as received in AppWebsocketCheckLogin
|
| const char * digest |
The digest as received in AppWebsocketCheckLogin
|
| const char * password |
The password to be used for the check
|
virtual AppWebsocketMessageSendText
Can be used to send a plain text message
Parameters
| const char * buffer |
Zero terminated string which is sent
|
virtual AppWebsocketMessageSendBinary
Can be used to send a binary message
Parameters
| char * buffer |
Buffer containing the binary message.
|
| int len |
Length of the message in bytes.
|
AppWebsocketEncrypt
Can be used to encrypt a text send on the AppWebsocket connection, using the session
key
Parameters
| const char * seed |
Seed, which can be used so that the result of the encryption is different even
if the data is the same.
|
| const char * data |
Buffer containing the data to be encrypted as zero terminated string
|
| char * out |
Buffer for the encrypted output as hex string.
|
| size_t outLen |
Length of the buffer for the output. Must be 2 times the length of
the data string.
|
AppWebsocketDecrypt
Can be used to dencrypt a text send on the AppWebsocket connection, using the session
key
Parameters
| const char * seed |
Seed, which can be used so that the result of the encryption is different even
if the data is the same.
|
| const char * data |
Buffer containing the hex string of encryped data
|
| char * out |
Buffer for the decrypted output
|
| size_t outLen |
Length of the buffer for the output. Must be half the length of
the data string.
|
AppWebsocketHash
Calculate a SHA256 hash using the session key
Parameters
| const char * seed |
Seed, which can be used so that the result of the encryption is different even
if the data is the same.
|
| const char * data |
Buffer containing a zero terminated string over which the hash shall be calculated
|
| char * out |
Buffer for the hash
|
| size_t outLen |
Length of the buffer for the output. Must be 64 bytes, 2* HASH_SIZE_SHA256
|
AppWebsocketIsEncryptedConnection
Returns true if a TLS connection is used
RegisterJsonApi
Used by an Api implementation to register the Api to the session. Needed to receive
messages with the matching "api" property. This is usually called when the Api
implementation is called with JsonApiRequested, when a new api value is received
Parameters
| class JsonApi * api |
The class for the Api implementation
|
UnRegisterJsonApi
Used by an Api implementation to unregister the Api from the session.
Parameters
| class JsonApi * api |
The class for the Api implementation
|
JsonApiMessage
Used by a JsonApi implementation to send a message
Parameters
| class json_io & msg |
The message to be sent
|
| char * buffer |
A buffer big enough to contain the message
|
JsonApiMessageComplete
Used by a JsonApi implementation to acknowledge a received message so that the
next message is received
JsonApiPermission
Used by a JsonApi implementation to check if the use of the Api is allowed for
this session
Parameters
| const char * api |
The name of the api.
|
Return value
Return true to allow the use of the Api.
Code Examples
Publishing app information
void MySession::AppWebsocketAppInfo(const char * app, class json_io & msg, word base)
{
if (!strcmp(app, "my-searchprovider")) {
// general app info
msg.add_bool(base, "hidden", true); // app is hidden
msg.add_bool(base, "presence", true); // app provides presence (badge counts)
// apis
word apis = msg.add_object(base, "apis");
word search = msg.add_object(apis, "com.innovaphone.search");
word info = msg.add_object(search, "info");
msg.add_string(info, "someattr", "somevalue");
}
}
Publishing service information
void MySession::AppWebsocketServiceInfo(const char * app, class json_io & msg, word base)
{
if (!strcmp(app, "my-channels-service")) {
word apis = msg.add_object(base, "apis");
msg.add_object(apis, "com.innovaphone.channels");
}
}


#include <BL3_Engine_structs.hpp>
◆ AreaClass
◆ bCustomFlag0
| unsigned char bCustomFlag0 |
◆ bCustomFlag1
| unsigned char bCustomFlag1 |
◆ bCustomFlag2
| unsigned char bCustomFlag2 |
◆ bCustomFlag3
| unsigned char bCustomFlag3 |
◆ bCustomFlag4
| unsigned char bCustomFlag4 |
◆ bCustomFlag5
| unsigned char bCustomFlag5 |
◆ bCustomFlag6
| unsigned char bCustomFlag6 |
◆ bCustomFlag7
| unsigned char bCustomFlag7 |
◆ bSnapToCheapestArea
| unsigned char bSnapToCheapestArea |
◆ bSupportsAgent0
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent0 |
◆ bSupportsAgent1
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent1 |
◆ bSupportsAgent10
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent10 |
◆ bSupportsAgent11
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent11 |
◆ bSupportsAgent12
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent12 |
◆ bSupportsAgent13
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent13 |
◆ bSupportsAgent14
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent14 |
◆ bSupportsAgent15
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent15 |
◆ bSupportsAgent2
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent2 |
◆ bSupportsAgent3
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent3 |
◆ bSupportsAgent4
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent4 |
◆ bSupportsAgent5
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent5 |
◆ bSupportsAgent6
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent6 |
◆ bSupportsAgent7
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent7 |
◆ bSupportsAgent8
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent8 |
◆ bSupportsAgent9
| unsigned char bSupportsAgent9 |
◆ bUseSnapHeight
| unsigned char bUseSnapHeight |
◆ Direction
◆ LeftProjectHeight
◆ MaxFallDownLength
◆ SnapHeight
◆ SnapRadius
◆ SupportedAgents
◆ UnknownData00
| unsigned char UnknownData00[0x7] |
◆ UnknownData01
| unsigned char UnknownData01[0x2] |
◆ UnknownData02
| unsigned char UnknownData02[0x6] |
◆ UnknownData03
| unsigned char UnknownData03[0x8] |


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--- layout: post title: imp -- commit array insert date: 2009-05-25 21:42:57.000000000 +09:30 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - Oracle tags: - data - oracle ---
在给数据库用户做逻辑迁移，imp的时候涉及 commit array insert 这个参数，第一次使用了 commit=y,发现速度相当滴慢，这个参数默认是 N的。
Default: n
Specifies whether Import should commit after each array insert. By default, Import commits only after loading each table, and Import performs a rollback when an error occurs, before continuing with the next object.
If a table has nested table columns or attributes, the contents of the nested tables are imported as separate tables. Therefore, the contents of the nested tables are always committed in a transaction distinct from the transaction used to commit the outer table.
If COMMIT=n and a table is partitioned, each partition and subpartition in the Export file is imported in a separate transaction.
Specifying COMMIT=y prevents rollback segments from growing inordinately large and improves the performance of large imports. Specifying COMMIT=y is advisable if the table has a uniqueness constraint. If the import is restarted, any rows that have already been imported are rejected with a recoverable error.
If a table does not have a uniqueness constraint, Import could produce duplicate rows when you reimport the data.
For tables containing LONG, LOB, BFILE, REF, ROWID, UROWID, or DATE columns, array inserts are not done. If COMMIT=y, Import commits these tables after each row.
n: default ,以表为单位commit;
y: 以buffer为单位commit,
如果表含有LONG, LOB, BFILE, REF, ROWID, UROWID, DATE类型字段 , 以行为单位
ITPUB上有一个讨论的帖子
http://www.itpub.net/thread-530380-1-1.html


Where does biking in Cambridge fall short?
Cambridge, Massachusetts is home to 120,000 people. In the Cambridge Bicycle Plan, published in 2015, Cambridge has committed to increasing the share of commute trips by bike to 10% by 2020. The U.S. national average in 2014 was 0.6%.
The city has also set a goal of decreasing bike crashes by 50 percent. The path to achieving this safety goal is by improving roads to support cyclists. Here's what the bicycle network looks like on the streets today and where improvements are needed.
Samuel Clay
May 13th, 2020
Bike Lanes of Today
As of 2018 there are 92 miles of bike lanes across the city of Cambridge. The proposed Cambridge Bicycle Plan 2020 calls for adding 75 more miles between 2013 and 2019. And reaching 350+ total miles by 2043.
Cambridge is creating a world-class biking city, and to accomplish that the city needs to do more than add bike lanes. Improving safety is what leads to increasing usage of the bike facilities in the city and to do that Cambridge needs to consider several problem areas.
Cambridge has many great streets for biking
Cycleways and separated bike lanes are prominent in the city, but there's no connection between major transit hubs that a person can take on a bicycle without going through dangerous street designs.
"Networks of protected bike lanes" is the mantra of safer biking. Even with the Cycling Safety Ordinance, which ensures the gradual building of separated bike lanes, the rate at which crashes are lowering means we will see ten more years of unnecessary deaths caused by lack of safe biking infrastructure.
Oxford Street is a bottleneck
But there remains a handful of parking spots even though there are numerous bikes and lightweight two-wheeled vehicles rolling through. This map shows where the street is hazardous for bikes due to unnecessary parking.
Most crashes in Cambridge are caused by drivers not seeing cyclists, whether or not the bicycle was in a bike lane.
Take a ride down JFK St
- {% verbatim %}
-
{{ z+1 }}{{ zoom.streetName }}
{% endverbatim %}
Explore the many snapshots of Cambridge


626c75
Short Tech Write Ups
Github
About
Blog
Projects
Interprocess Communication
2020-05-11
My Setup
2020-05-21
Creating a Simple Network Monitor
2020-05-31
Elementary Cellular Automaton
2020-06-06


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Halaman Dashboard{% endblock %} {% block content %}
SB Admin 2 makes extensive use of Bootstrap 4 utility classes in order to reduce CSS bloat and poor page performance. Custom CSS classes are used to create custom components and custom utility classes.
Before working with this theme, you should become familiar with the Bootstrap framework, especially the utility classes.


| FEATURE ARTICLE | |||||||||||||||||||
Lesley J. Friedsam is Board Certified in Marital and Family Law and is a partner in the firm of Fields and Friedsam, PA, in Tampa, Florida. Prior to becoming an attorney, she was for ten years a journalist, including seven years as a reporter-anchor for WTVT=TV in Tampa.
|
The Hurricane
By Lesley J. Friedsam Rubin "Hurricane" Carter's false imprisonment and later release and exoneration after almost twenty years is the least compelling of the two intertwining stories in The Hurricane, starring Denzel Washington. The other story, that of the mentally tough prizefighter whose will provides release from prison while still physically incarcerated, is a revelation. Carter's ability escape from prison life, to do his time, is a powerful reminder of the human spirit. The film begins with dazzling black and white period-style footage of black and white boxers and whites-only spectators, which skillfully showcases America's circa-1960s racism. Unfortunately, the story quickly disintegrates into stylistic mediocrity. The all-to-familiar tale of an innocent man imprisoned for the crime of being black could be commanding, but overkill robs the viewer of the visceral impact. It's not that racism was subtle. Rather, the story loses the rich texture a less predictable presentation would have evoked. Think Schlinder's List where the implied violence was more horrific and powerful than the few deaths seen on-screen. The Hurricane tells the story of champion welter-weight boxer who served 20 years in prison after being wrongly convicted by an all white jury of a triple murder. Carter's cause was memorialized in a Bob Dylan song and numerous other celebrities rallied to his cause over the years, only to grow tired and fall away. Carter's salvation and release come from an unlikely source: A boy in Toronto, Lesra (Vicellous Shannon) reads his book, The Sixteenth Round, contacts Carter and changes both their lives. Carter's relationship with the young boy is superbly told as both characters test each other and themselves and dare to risk their emotional well-being.
Washington moves and physically fits the part. His performance is first rate and reminiscent of his other stellar turns in Malcolm X, for which he received a best actor Oscar nod, and for Glory, for which he won the supporting actor Academy Award. There's been some criticism about the liberties Hollywood taken with the "real story". It seems that Carter's early life was not one of completely innocent youth. And while the film depicts Carter being persecuted by a Les Miserables-type lone detective, the true story is much worse because it exposes the conspiracies and rampant bigotry of many in the criminal justice system that led to Carter's two convictions. The film also gives short shrift to the lawyers who worked for years without pay to free Carter and glides over the legal process that led to Carter's release. For an excellent overview of the real story behind the film, read the December 28, 1999 New York Times article which can be found on their web site. The Hurricane
was directed by Oscar nominated Norman Jewison, who also oversaw two other legally themed
films: And Justice for All and In The Heat of the Night.
Other Hurricane Carter Link:
Posted June 18, 2000
|


WITNESS LIST Agriculture & Livestock Committee July 16, 1998-10:00A Boll Weevil Eradication For: El-Lissy, Osama (Boll Weevil Foundation) Patton, Lindy (Boll Weevil Foundation) On: Fuchs, Thomas W. (Texas A&M University) Federal Farm Bill On: Knutson, Ronald D. (Texas A&M University) Smith, Edward (Texas A&M University)


WITNESS LIST Education Committee May 20, 2005 - 8:30A HB 407 Registering, but not testifying: For: Canaday, Jennifer Lobbyist (ATPE), Austin, TX Eaton, Holly Director of Professional Development and Advocacy (Texas Classroom Teachers Association), Austin, TX HB 776 FOR: Gertson, Danny Board of Trustees, Chairman (Wharton County Junior College), East Bernard, TX McCrohan, Betty President (Wharton County Jr. College), Glen Flora, TX HB 1106 Registering, but not testifying: Against: Eaton, Holly Director of Professional Development and Advocacy (Texas Classroom Teachers Association), Austin, TX HB 1826 FOR: Baxley, Jack Executive Vice President (Quojn Chapter Associated General Contractors- Dallas Fort Worth), Fort Worth, TX Bloxom, David President (Speed Fab-Crete Corp.), Fort Worth, TX Hamm, Ron Board Member Representative (Design-Build Institute of America- Texas Chapter), Rowlett, TX AGAINST: Albers, Alan Exec Dir (Round Rock ISD), Austin, TX Jolly, Mike Associate Supt (Round Rock ISD), Georgetown, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Bruns, Richard Executive Director (DFW-Drywall & Accoustical Contractors Assn.), Dallas, TX Castillo, Yvonne R. General Counsel (Texas Society of Architects), Austin, TX Chatron, Michael J. Director of Services (Texas Building Branch- Associated General Contractors), Austin, TX Freeman, Harold Government Affairs Director (Texas Construction Association), Austin, TX Fretz, Jr., Bob (Texas Building Branch AGC), Houston, TX McKnight, Peyton General Counsel (Texas Council of Engineering Companies), Austin, TX HB 1829 Registering, but not testifying: For: McDonald, Carol L. President (Independent Colleges & Universities of Texas, Inc.), Austin, TX On: O'Quinn, Michael Vice President for Governmental Affairs (Texas A&M University), Bryan, TX HB 2330 Registering, but not testifying: Against: Spangler, Jim Member (UT Watch), Austin, TX HB 2701 Registering, but not testifying: For: Hood, Norman (Panhandle-Plains Higher Education Authority), Austin, TX McDonald, Carol L. President (Independent Colleges & Universities of Texas, Inc.), Austin, TX HB 2806 Registering, but not testifying: For: Reed, Bruce A. Director (Career Colleges & Schools of Texas), San Angelo, TX Sheets, Brent Legislative Chairman (Career Schools & Colleges), Lubbock, TX Valdez, Jerry Lobbyist (Career Colleges & Schools of Tx), Austin, TX On: DeLong, Michael Program Administrator (Texas Workforce Commission), Austin, TX


Safari IT Books Language Constructs Functional Programming Haskell Safari IT Books Programming Programming Programming Bryan O'Sullivan Donald Bruce Stewart John Goerzen O'Reilly Media, Inc. Real World Haskell, 1st Edition16.1. First Steps with Parsec: Simple CSV ParsingLet's jump right in and write some code for parsing a CSV file. CSV files are often used as a plain-text
representation of spreadsheets or databases. Each line is a record, and
each field in the record is separated from the next by a comma. There are
ways of dealing with fields that contain commas, but we won't worry about
that now. This first example is much longer than it really needs to
be. We will soon introduce more Parsec features that will shrink the
parser down to only four lines! -- file: ch16/csv1.hs
import Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec
{- A CSV file contains 0 or more lines, each of which is terminated
by the end-of-line character (eol). -}
csvFile :: GenParser Char st [[String]]
csvFile =
do result <- many line
eof
return result
-- Each line contains 1 or more cells, separated by a comma
line :: GenParser Char st [String]
line =
do result <- cells
eol -- end of line
return result
-- Build up a list of cells. Try to parse the first cell, then figure out
-- what ends the cell.
cells :: GenParser Char st [String]
cells =
do first <- cellContent
next <- remainingCells
return (first : next)
-- The cell either ends with a comma, indicating that 1 or more cells follow,
-- or it doesn't, indicating that we're at the end of the cells for this line
remainingCells :: GenParser Char st [String]
remainingCells =
(char ',' >> cells) -- Found comma? More cells coming
<|> (return []) -- No comma? Return [], no more cells
-- Each cell contains 0 or more characters, which must not be a comma or
-- EOL
cellContent :: GenParser Char st String
cellContent =
many (noneOf ",\n")
-- The end of line character is \n
eol :: GenParser Char st Char
eol = char '\n'
parseCSV :: String -> Either ParseError [[String]]
parseCSV input = parse csvFile "(unknown)" input
Let's take a look at the code for this example. We didn't
use many shortcuts here, so remember that this will get shorter and
simpler! We've built it from the top down, so our first function is
csvFile. The type of this function is
GenParser Char st [[String]]. This
means that the type of the input is a sequence of characters, which is
exactly what a Haskell string is, since String is the same as [Char]. It also means that we will return a
value of type [[String]]: a list of a
list of strings. The st can be ignored
for now. Parsec programmers often omit type declarations, since we
write so many small functions. Haskell's type inference can figure it out.
We've listed the types for the first example, here so you can get a better
idea of what's going on. You can always use :t in ghci to
inspect types as well. The csvFile uses a
do block. As this implies, Parsec is a
monadic library: it defines its own special parsing monad, GenParser. We start by running many
line. many is a function that
takes a function as an argument. It tries to repeatedly parse the input
using the function passed to it. It gathers up the results from all that
repeated parsing and returns a list of them. So, here, we are storing the
results of parsing all lines in result.
Then we look for the end-of-file indicator, called eof. Finally, we return the result. So, a CSV file is made up of many lines,
and then the end of file. We can often read out Parsec functions in plain
English just like this. Now we must answer the question: what is a line? We define
the line function to do just that.
Reading the function, we can see that a line consists of cells followed by
the end-of-line character. So what are cells? We defined them in the cells function. The cells of a line start with
the content of the first cell, and then continue with the content of the
remaining cells, if any. The result is simply the first cell and the
remaining cells assembled into a list. Let's skip over remainingCells for a minute and look at cellContent. A cell contains any number of
characters, but each character must not be a comma or end-of-line
character. The noneOf function matches
one item, so long as it isn't in the list of items that we pass. So,
saying many (noneOf ",\n") defines a
cell the way we want it. Back in remainingCells,
we have the first example of a choice in Parsec. The choice operator is
<|>. This operator behaves like
this: it will try the parser on the left, and if it consumes no
input, it will try the parser on the right. So, in remainingCells,
our task is to come up with all the cells after the first. Recall that
cellContent uses noneOf ",\n". So it will not consume the comma
or end-of-line character from the input. If we see a comma after parsing a
cell, it means that at least one more cell follows. Otherwise, we're done.
So, our first choice in remainingCells
is char ','. This
parser simply matches the passed character in the input. If we find a
comma, we want this function to return the remaining cells on the line. At
this point, the "remaining cells" looks exactly like the start of the
line, so we call cells recursively to
parse them. If we don't find a comma, we return the empty list, signifying
no remaining cells on the line. Finally, we must define what the end-of-line indicator is.
We set it to char '\n', which will suit
our purposes fine for now. At the very end of the program, we define a function
parseCSV that takes a String and parses it as a CSV file. This
function is just a shortcut that calls Parsec's parse function, filling in a few parameters.
parse returns Either ParseError [[String]] for the CSV file.
If there is an error, the return value will be Left with the error; otherwise, it will be
Right with the result. Now that we understand this code, let's play with it a bit
and see what it does: ghci> :l csv1.hs
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( csv1.hs, interpreted )
Ok, modules loaded: Main.
ghci> parseCSV ""
Loading package parsec-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Right [] That makes sense—parsing the empty string returns an empty
list. Let's try parsing a single cell: ghci> parseCSV "hi"
Left "(unknown)" (line 1, column 3):
unexpected end of input
expecting "," or "\n"
Look at that. Recall how we defined that each line must
end with the end-of-line character, and we didn't give it. Parsec's error
message helpfully indicated the line number and column number of the
problem, and even told us what it was expecting! Let's give it an
end-of-line character and continue experimenting: ghci> parseCSV "hi\n"
Right [["hi"]]
ghci> parseCSV "line1\nline2\nline3\n"
Right [["line1"],["line2"],["line3"]]
ghci> parseCSV "cell1,cell2,cell3\n"
Right [["cell1","cell2","cell3"]]
ghci> parseCSV "l1c1,l1c2\nl2c1,l2c2\n"
Right [["l1c1","l1c2"],["l2c1","l2c2"]]
ghci> parseCSV "Hi,\n\n,Hello\n"
Right [["Hi",""],[""],["","Hello"]] You can see that parseCSV is doing exactly what we want it to do.
It's even handling empty cells and empty lines properly.
|


WITNESS LIST
Education
April 9, 2013 8:30 AM
FOR:
Alvarado, Sylvia (- parent), Atascosa, TX
Cardinal DiNardo, Daniel Archbishop, Galveston-Houston (also providing written
testimony) (Texas Catholic Conference), Houston, TX
Eshleman, Dr. Jerry Superintendent (Cornerstone Christian Schools (TANS)), San Antonio,
TX
Evans, Charles Executive Director (also providing written testimony) (Texas Association
of Non-Public Schools), Austin, TX
Ferguson, Jay Headmaster (also providing written testimony) ((TANS) Grace Community
School), Tyler, TX
Hammond, Bill President (TX Association of Business), Austin, TX
Hervitz, Jesse Associate Political Director (Orthodox Union), Washington, DC
Langer, Rabbi Eliezer Rabbi (Tiferet Israel Congregation), Austin, TX
Levi, Natalie Parent - CEO (Self - Parents), Dallas, TX
McGee, Bill Headmaster (Hill Country Christian School of Austin), Leander, TX
Miller, Matt Executive Director (also providing written testimony) (Institute for Justice
Texas Chapter), Austin, TX
Patterson, Jeff Executive Director, Texas Catholic Conference (Texas Catholic
Conference), Austin, TX
Rodriguez, CMF., + Most Rev. Placido Bishop of Lubbock. (Roman Catholic Diocese of
Lubbock.), Lubbock, TX
Seguin, Julie Director (Hope for the Future - Archdiocese of San Antonio), San Antonio,
TX
Venable, Peggy TX DIRECTOR (also providing written testimony) (AMERICANS FOR
PROSPERITY), Austin, TX
Zurek (Bishop), Patrick J. Bishop of Amarillo (also providing written testimony) (Diocese
of Amarillo), Amarillo, TX
AGAINST:
Anthony, David CEO (also providing written testimony) (Raise Your Hand Texas),
Houston, TX
Barzano, Lorie Parent (also providing written testimony) (Coalition Strengthen Austin
Urban Schools), Austin, TX
Deigaard, Sue Mom (Self), Houston, TX
Frandsen, Dana C(hris) Concerned Citizen + Grandparent (Self), Austin, TX
Johnson, Charles Foster Pastor, Bread Fellowship, Fort Worth (Coalition for Public
Schools), Fort Worth, TX
Moffat, Susan (Save Texas Schools), Austin, TX
Ratliff, Bill (also providing written testimony) (Raise Your Hand Texas), Mt. Pleasant, TX
Robertson, Rebecca L. Legal & Policy Director (ACLU of Texas), Houston, TX
Terry, Mark Principal (Self), Grapevine, TX
Weeks, Allen Executive Director (Save Texas Schools), Austin, TX
ON:
Ladner, Matthew Senior Fellow (Texas Public Policy Foundation), PHX, AZ
WITNESS LIST
Education
April 9, 2013 8:30 AM
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Amador, Matthew (Diocese of lBK), Lorenzo, TX
Amador, Stephen (Diocese of Lubbock), Idalou, TX
Betancourt, Ana (Diocese of Lubbck), Slaton, TX
Blanco, Jacob Lee (Diocese of lubbock), New Deal, TX
Cantu, Kirstie (Diocese of LBK.), LBK., TX
Cantu, Maegan (Diocese of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX
Cantu, Michael Diocese of Lubbock (Self), Lubbock, TX
Connett, Brent (Texas Conservative Coalition), Austin, TX
Eugene, Darrick General Counsel (Texas Assoc of Educational Service Providers), Austin,
TX
Flores, + Daniel Ernest Bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Brownsville , (Diocese of
Brownsville), Brownsville, TX
Garcia, Andrea (Diocese of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX
Garcia-Siller, Gustavo Archbishop of San Antonio, TX (Catholic Church San Antonio TX),
San Antonio, TX
Guillory, Bishop Curtis Bishop of the Diocese of Beaumont (Catholic Church - Diocese of
Beaumont, TX), Beaumont, TX
Gunn, Maggie (Self), Uvalde, TX
Hessor, LeRoy individual (individual), Temple, TX
Hinze, Karen A. individual (individual), Temple, TX
Jimenez, Francisco (Diocese of LBK), Lamesa, TX
King, Morgan (Diocese of Lubbock), Slaton, TX
Miller, Donald P. Public School Parent (Self), Arlington, TX
Morin, Marparethe E Individual (Individual), Temple, TX
Mulvey, Bishop Michael Bishop (Diocese of Corpus Christi), Corpus Christi, TX
Newman, Jeremy Legislative Liaison (Texas Home School Coalition), Lucas, TX
Ortiz, Alexandria (Diocese of LBK), Slaton, TX
Peters, Susan individual (Self), Belton, TX
Pfeifer, Bishop Michael Catholic Bishop (Catholic Church), San Angelo, TX
Phillips, Calvin School Counselor (Self), Georgetown, TX
Raposo, Marco Peace & Justice Ministry Director (Diocese of El Paso / Self), El Paso, TX
Ruiz, Kevin (Self), Idalou, TX
SAENZ, JONATHAN PRESIDENT (TEXAS VALUES), Austin, TX
Salinas, Nelson Govt. Affairs Manager (Texas Assoc. of Business), Austin, TX
Schoolfield, Robert President (Texans for Parental Choice in Education), Austin, TX
Segura, Deacon Francisco Director Marriage & Family Life (Catholic Diocese of El Paso),
El Paso, TX
Seitz, Bishop Mark J. Auxiliary Bishop of Dallas (Texas Catholic Conference - Diocese of
Dallas), Dallas, TX
Sheltz, Most. Rev. George A. Auxiliary Bishop Archdiocese of Galveston / Houston
(Archdiocese of Galveston / Houston), Houston, TX
WITNESS LIST
Education
April 9, 2013 8:30 AM
Tarin, Alex (Diocese of LBK), Idalou, TX
Thieme, Karen Concerned Citizen - teacher (TX Certified K-12) (Self), Temple, TX
Valdez, Andy (Lubbock), Lubbock, TX
Valdez, SanTana (Lubbock Cathlic Diocese), New Deal, TX
Vasquez, Most. Rev. Joe S. Bishop of Diocese of Austin (Diocese of Austin), Austin, TX
Villegas, Cecelia (Lubbock Catholic Diocese), New Deal, TX
Wilkes, Malia (Lubbock Diocese), Lubbock, TX
Wood, Cecilia M. (Self), Austin, TX
Yancy, Justin Executive Director (Texas Business Leadership Council), Austin, TX
Yanez, Armondo (Diocese of lubbock), lubbock, TX
Zuniga, Iza (Diocese of LBK), Lubbock, TX
Zuniga, Melissa L. (Diocese of LBK), Lubbock, TX
AGAINST:
Ausley, Robbie (Self), Austin, TX
Banks, Yannis Legislative Liaison (Texas NAACP), Austin, TX
Barnes, Karen (Self), Leander, TX
Barrick, Susan (Self), Lubbock, TX
Belgard, Susan (SELF, PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS + STAFF), Austin, TX
Beto, Barbara Legislative Action Chair (Texas PTA), Round Rock, TX
Canaday, Jennifer M. Governmental Relations Manager (ATPE), Austin, TX
Canales, Ramiro Assistant Executive Director - Governmental Relations (Texas
Association of School Administrators), Austin, TX
Carrara, Mary Annette Director (Liberal Ladies Who Lunch), Austin, TX
Charlton, Fiona (Self), Austin, TX
Corum, Claudia (Self), Austin, TX
Crump Samman, Karin Attorney (Self), Hills, TX
de la Fuente, Flavia (Blue Ribbon Lobby day), Austin, TX
Eckhart, Harley Deputy Ex. Director (Texas Elementary Principals & Supervisors Assn.),
Austin, TX
Eves, Marvadene (SELF), Dripping Springs, TX
Flint, Cynthia (Self), Austin, TX
Gilbert, Michael Superintendent (White Oak ISD), White Oak, TX
Gonzalez, Leah legislative intern (National Association of Social Workers - Texas
Chapter), Austin, TX
Grey, John Government Relations Specialist (Texas State Teachers Association), Austin,
TX
Haeusler, Sheryl (Self), Austin, TX
Haney, Susan (Self), Austin, TX
Hanna, Katina L (Self), College Station, TX
Hollingsworth, Jr., Lonnie F. Director of Legal Services / Governmental Relations (TX
Classroom Teachers Assn.), Austin, TX
Jacobs, Jane M. (Self), Dripping Springs, TX
Jacobs, Karen (self), Heath, TX
WITNESS LIST
Education
April 9, 2013 8:30 AM
Kendall, Rene (Self), Pflugerville, TX
Lara, Rene Legislative Director (Texas AFL-CIO), Austin, TX
Leyden, Tom Assoc. Exec. Director (Texas Association of Secondary School Principals),
Austin, TX
Lilly, Janna Director of Gov Rel (TCASE), Austin, TX
Maxey, Glen Special Asst (Texas Democratic Party), Austin, TX
McCraw, Ken Ex Dir (Tx Assn of Community Shools), Austin, TX
McEnerney, Aimee Trainer / Instructional Designer (SELF), Austin, TX
Miller, Jeff Policy Specialist (Disability Rights Texas), Austin, TX
Miller, Katherine President (Texas Freedom Network), Austin, TX
Moak, Lyan M. Consultant (Texas School Alliance), Austin, TX
Naranjo, Mary Ann CFO - A Pineywoods Home Health Care (A Pineywoods Home Health
Care), Lufkin, TX
Osterholt, Lisa (SELF), Little Elm, TX
Pena, Martin (Self), Laguna Vista, TX
Price, Ann (SELF), Arlington, TX
Pyle, Rhonda (A Pineywoods Home Service, IN), Huntington, TX
Rodman, Megan Deputy Director (Self), Austin, TX
Rome, Christy Executive Director (Texas School Coalition), Austin, TX
Shelton, Susan State Democratic Executive Committeewoman - SD - 14 (Self), Austin, TX
Shields, Julie Asst. Dir of Governmental Relations (TX Assoc. of School Boards), Austin,
TX
Silberman, Kathy (Self), Austin, TX
Sorvari, Sheila (Self - (Liberal ladies who lunch)), Austin, TX
Statman, Rona Dir. of Family Support (The Arc of Texas), Austin, TX
Van Cleve, Genevieve Dep. Pol. Dir - Annie's List (Self), Austin, TX
Villanueva, Chandra Policy Analyst (Center for Public Policy Priorities), Austin, TX
Providing written testimony:
AGAINST:
Anderson, David D. Consultant to Arlington ISD Board of Trustees (Arlington ISD Board
of Trustees), Austin, TX
Clayton, Nan - (League of Women Voters - Texas), Austin, TX
Hamilton, Billy Consultant (Raise Your Hand Texas), Austin, TX
Quinzi, Patty Legislative Counsel (TX - AFT), Austin, TX
FOR:
Hollingsworth, Jr., Lonnie Director of Legal Services / Governmental Relations (TX
Classroom Teachers Assn.), Austin, TX
Miller, Jeff Policy Specialist (Disability Rights Texas), Austin, TX
ON:
Swanson, Steve Citizen (also providing written testimony) (Self), Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Education
April 9, 2013 8:30 AM
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Adams, Sarah (Self), Austin, TX
Aslinia, Dean psychotherapist (Self), McKinney, TX
Aslinia, Nasser - (Self), McKinney, TX
Barns, Todd Licensed Professional Counselor (Myself), Mt. Pleasant, TX
Baryeh, Nana Ama STUDENT (GRAD) (Self), San Marcos, TX
Beasley, Emily (Texas State University), Austin, TX
Canaday, Jennifer M. Governmental Relations Manager (ATPE), Austin, TX
Corcovan, Ariane Masters in Counseling Student (Self), Austin, TX
Coulson, Frank Licensed Professional Counselor (Self), New Braunfels, TX
Cyphers, Regina Student (Self), San Antonio, TX
Dahlberg, Nic Graduate Student (Self), Austin, TX
Doyle, Cynthia Licensed Professional Counselor (self), Krum, TX
Elder, Jodie Licensed Professional Counselor (self), Beeville, TX
Felts, Adriana R. Licensed Prof. Counselor (Self), San Antonio, TX
Hinton, Gregory H. STUDENT (Self), BLANCO, TX
Hogue, Jennifer School Counselor (Self), San Antonio, TX
Holcomb, Michelle PhD - Counselor - Private Practice ; UTSA Professor (self), Boerne,
TX
Holliday, Mendy (Self), Austin, TX
Hough, Summer Student (Self), Austin, TX
Jagels, Kristin Student (Self), Pflugerville, TX
Kerdzik, Nikki Student (school counseling student) (School Counseling), Kerrville, TX
Lentschke, Jennifer (self), Driftwood, TX
Mojezati, Christine student (Tarleton State University), Plano, TX
Ostrominski, Mae student (Self), Austin, TX
Pena, Martin (Self), Laguna Vista, TX
Quinzi, Patty Legislative Counsel (TX - AFT), Austin, TX
Shirley, John (Texas Counseling Assoc.), Richardson, TX
Shuttlesworth, Lynda (Self), Plano, TX
Smith, James P. Professional Counselor (Self), Nacogdoches, TX
Sotsky, Rachel Student (Self), Austin, TX
Statman, Rona Dir. of Family Support (The Arc of Texas), Austin, TX
Wilson, Columba P (Self), San Antonio, TX
Wright, Christina Student (Self), Austin, TX
Providing written testimony:
FOR:
Lilly, Janna Dir - Gov. Rel (TCASE), Austin, TX
ON:
Brownson, Amanda Director (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Education
April 9, 2013 8:30 AM
FOR:
Barnes, Karen (Self), Leander, TX
Quinzi, Patty Legislative Counsel (Tx - AFT), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Canaday, Jennifer M. Governmental Relations Manager (ATPE), Austin, TX
Hollingsworth, Jr., Lonnie Director of Legal Services / Governmental Relations (Texas
Classroom Teachers Assn.), Austin, TX
Miller, Jeff Policy Specialist (Disability Rights Texas), Austin, TX
Shields, Julie Asst. Dir. of Governmental Relations (Tx Assoc. of School Boards), Austin,
TX
Statman, Rona Dir. of Family Support (The Arc of Texas), Austin, TX
Wilson, Columba P (Self), San Antonio, TX
AGAINST:
Gonzalez, Leah legislative intern (National Association of Social Workers - Texas
Chapter), Austin, TX
Rose, Lauren Juvenile Justice Policy Associate (Texans Care For Children), Austin, TX
Providing written testimony:
ON:
Switzer, Gyl Public Policy Director (Mental Health America of TX), Austin, TX
FOR:
Brown, Patrick (S.C.L.C.), Ft. Worth, TX
Caver, Howard Founder (Ekklesia Christian School), Ft. Worth, TX
Freeman, Charles T. (School Choice), Fort Worth, TX
Golsan, James Education Policy Analyst (also providing written testimony) (Texas Public
Policy Foundation), Austin, TX
Harris, Denita J. (Self), Lancaster, TX
Jenkins, Cedric (SCLC), Irving, TX
Judson, Jeff Sr. Vice President / Director (San Antonio Tea Party / Heartland Institute), San
Antonio, TX
Logan, Tangie S. (School Choice), Arlington, TX
Luckey Graham, Patricia Executive Director of Womens Affairs at RKI (Children), Live
Oak, TX
Parker, Allan President (The Justice Foundation), San Antonio, TX
Schoolfield, Robert M. President (Texans for Parental Choice in Education), Austin, TX
Swindler, Randan Marie President (Steinhauser Stragies, LLC), Austin, TX
Tatum, Rev. Kyev President (Fort Worth Chapter) (Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC)), Ft. Worth, TX
Thomas Jr., Rev. Rudolph Minister (SCLC), F.W., TX
Venable, Peggy TX DIR. (also providing written testimony) (Americans for Prosperity),
Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Education
April 9, 2013 8:30 AM
Woods, Phaedra (SCLC), Ft Wth, TX
AGAINST:
Anthony, David CEO (Raise Your Hand Texas), Houston, TX
Barzano, Lorie Parent (also providing written testimony) (Coalition SAUS (Strengthen
Austin Urban Schools)), Austin, TX
ON:
Merrifield, Dr. John Professor of Economics, NCPA Senior Fellow (self, NCPA), San
Antonio, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Aldridge, Nancy (Harmony Baptist Church), Fort Worth, TX
Anderson, Verna Teachers' Assistant (School Choice), Ft Worth, TX
Bates, Panola (SCLC), FT. Worth, TX
Bray, Sharanay Pastor Restoration Kingdom International (Students of San Antonio, TX
School districts), Live Oak, TX
Browning, Genice (SCLC), Ft Worth, TX
Chambers, Michelle Principal / CEO (Ekklesia Christian School SCLC), Hurst, TX
Connett, Brent (Texas Conservative Coalition), Austin, TX
Cooks, Jean (SCLC), Fort Worth, TX
Crosby, Wilbernita Principal (Miss Endy's Christian Academy), Benbrook, TX
Dial, Felicia Concern Parent (SBCC), Fort Worth, TX
Eugene, Darrick General Counsel (Texas Assoc. of Educational Service Providers), Austin,
TX
Evans, Ora. M. (SC LC), Ft. Worth, TX
FLINT CRAWFORD, CYNTHIA RN, Mental Health (CHILDREN OF TEXAS), FT
WORTH, TX
Hammond, Bill President (Tx Association of Business), Austin, TX
Hettinger, Ann State Director (Concerned Women for America), Rockwall, TX
Lawson, Clyde L. Minister of Music Harmony Miss. Bapt. Ch. (Self), Fort Worth, TX
Lawson, Frank Pastor (Harmony Bapt CH), Ft. Worth, TX
Lee, Aaron (School Choice), Arlington, TX
Lockman, Ida (SCLC), FT Worth, TX
London, Bobbie (School Choice), Ft. Worth, TX
McAuliffe, Brian (SELF), San Marcos, TX
Miller, Matt Executive Director (Institute for Justice Texas Chapter), Austin, TX
Newman, Jeremy Legislative Liaison (Texas Home School Coalition), Lucas, TX
POLK, ANGIE (SCLC), Ft Worth, TX
Robinson, Dulsie (SCLC), Ft. Worth, TX
SAENZ, JONATHAN PRESIDENT (TEXAS VALUES), Austin, TX
Salinas, Nelson Govt. Affairs Manager (Texas Assoc. of Business), Austin, TX
Smith, Barbara Jean C.C. (Children of Texas), Ft. Worth, TX
Smith, Perry Bill Supporter (School Choice), Fort Worth, TX
Talley, Victor (School Choice), Fort Worth, TX
WITNESS LIST
Education
April 9, 2013 8:30 AM
Tatum, Tonya (SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)), Ft. Worth, TX
Taylor, Wayne E. (SCLC), Ft. Worth, TX
Thomas, Jean (SCLC), Ft. Worth, TX
Thomas, McConico (SCLC), Forrest Hills, TX
Thompkins, Brenda (SCLC), Fort Worth, TX
Thompson, Joe (School Choice), Fort, TX
Warren, Rickey (SCLC), Ft. Worth, TX
West Jr., Hoszel (School Choice), Crowley, TX
White, David (Taxpayer Savings Grants), Austin, TX
Wood, Cecilia Legislative Liason CWA of Texas (Concerned Women for America of
Texas and Self), Austin, TX
Yancy, Justin Executive Director (Texas Business Leadership Council), Austin, TX
AGAINST:
Banks, Yannis Legislative Liaison (Texas NAACP), Austin, TX
Barnes, Karen (Self), Leander, TX
Barrick, Susan (Self), Lubbock, TX
Belgard, Susan (Self, Public School Students, Personnel), Austin, TX
Beto, Barbara Legislative Action Chair (Texas PTA), Round Rock, TX
Canaday, Jennifer M. Governmental Relations Manager (ATPE), Austin, TX
Canales, Ramiro Assistant Executive Director - Governmental Relations (Texas
Association of School Administrators), Austin, TX
Carrara, Mary Annette Director (Liberal Ladies Who Lunch), Austin, TX
CHARLTON, FIONA - (SELF), AUSTIN, TX
Corum, Claudia (Self), Austin, TX
Crump, Karin Atty (Self), The Hills, TX
de la Fuente, Flavia (Blue Ribbon Lobby Day), Austin, TX
Deigaard, Sue Mom (Self), Houston, TX
Eckhart, Harley Deputy Ex. Director (Texas Elementary Principals & Supervisors Assn.),
Austin, TX
EVES, MARVADENE (SELF), DRIPPING SPRINGS, TX
Flint, Cynthia (Self), Austin, TX
Frandsen, Dana C(hris) Concerned Citizen + Grandparent (Self), Austin, TX
Gilbert, Michael Superintendent (White Oak ISD), White Oak, TX
Gonzalez, Leah legislative intern (National Association of Social Workers - Texas
Chapter), Austin, TX
Grey, John Government Relations Specialist (Texas State Teachers Association), Austin,
TX
Haeusler, Sheryl (Self), Austin, TX
Hamilton, Billy Consultant (Raise Your Hand Texas), Austin, TX
Haney, Susan (Self + public school teachers), Austin, TX
Hanna, Katina L. (Self), College Station, TX
Hollingsworth, Jr., Lonnie Director of Legal Services / Governmental Relations (TX
Classroom Teachers Assn.), Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Education
April 9, 2013 8:30 AM
Horobec, Eduard RETIRED (SELF), F'BURG, TX
HOROBEC, ELAINE Retired (self), F'BURG, TX
JACOBS, JANE M. (self), DRIPPING SPRINGS, TX
Johnson, Charles Foster Pastor, Bread Fellowship (Coalition for Public Schools), Fort
Worth, TX
Keller, Kathleen Retired (Self), Kerrville, TX
Kendall, Rene (self), Pflugerville, TX
Lara, Rene Legislative Director (Texas AFL-CIO), Austin, TX
Leyden, Tom Associate Executive Director (Texas Association of Secondary School
Principals), Austin, TX
Lilly, Janna Dir Gov Rel (TCASE), Austin, TX
McCraw, Ken Ex. Director (TX Assn of Community Schools), Austin, TX
McEnerney, Aimee Trainer / Instructional Designer (SELF), Austin, TX
Miller, Katherine President (Texas Freedom Network), Austin, TX
Moak, Lyan M Consultant (Texas School Alliance), Austin, TX
Moffat, Susan (SAVE TEXAS SCHOOLS), Austin, TX
Naranjo, Mary Ann CFO - A Piney Woods Home Health Care (A Pineywoods Home
Health Care), Lufkin, TX
Pena, Martin (Self), Laguna Vista, TX
Price, Ann (Self), Arlington, TX
Pyle, Rhonda (A Pineywoods Home Services, INC.), Huntington, TX
Ratliff, Bill (Raise Your Hand Texas), Mt. Pleasant, TX
Robertson, Rebecca L. Legal & Policy Director (ACLU of Texas), Houston, TX
Rodman, Megan Deputy Director (Self), Austin, TX
Rome, Christy Executive Director (Texas School Coalition), Austin, TX
Shields, Julie Asst. Dir of Governmental Relations (Texas Assoc. of School Boards),
Austin, TX
Silberman, Katy (Self), Austin, TX
Sorrari, Sheila (Self), Austin, TX
Terry, Mark Principal (Eubanks Intermediate School, Southlake, TX) (Self), Grapevine,
TX
Van Cleve, Genevieve Dep. Pol. Dir. Annie's List (Self), Austin, TX
Villanueva, Chandra Policy Analyst (Center for Public Policy Priorities), Austin, TX
Weeks, Allen Executive Director (SAVE TEXAS SCHOOLS), Austin, TX
Providing written testimony:
AGAINST:
Anderson, David D. Consultant to Arlington ISD Board of Trustees (Arlington ISD Board
of Trustees), Austin, TX
Quinzi, Patty Legislative Counsel (TX - AFT), Austin, TX


RESINOL- petrolatum and resorcinol ointment
ResiCal, Inc.
Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies.
Active ingredients
Petrolatum 55%, Resorcinol 2%
Uses
- temporarily protects minor
- temporarily relieves pain and itching associated with
- minor skin irritations
- minor burns
- sunburn
- minor cuts
- scrapes
- insect bites
- rashes due to poison ivy, oak, and sumac
Warnings
For external use only
Do not use on
- deep or puncture wounds
- animal bites
- serious burns
When using this product
- do not get into eyes
- do not apply over large areas of the body
Stop use and ask a doctor if
- condition worsens
- symptoms last more than 7 days or clear up and occur again within a few days
Keep out of reach of children.
If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Directions
- adults and children 2 years and over: apply to affected area not more than 3 to 4 times daily
- children under 2 years: ask a doctor
Inactive ingredients
calamine, corn starch, lanolin, zinc oxide
Questions or comments?
1-800-204-6434 www.resinol.com
Distributed by: ResiCal, Inc.
Orchard Park, NY 14127
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 93.6 g Jar Label
Resinol®
Topical Analgesic/Skin Protectant
MEDICATED OINTMENT
For fast soothing relief of
MINOR SKIN IRRITATIONS
NET WT 3.3 OZ (93.6 g)
ResiCal, Inc.


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United States Section 508Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act requires federal agencies to develop, procure, maintain, and use electronic and information technology that is accessible to people with disabilities. |


Apollo Tyres cutting capex by ₹600 cr.: CFO
Move follows slowdown in auto sector
by Special CorrespondentFollowing the slowdown in the automobile sector, Apollo Tyres Ltd. (ATL) is cutting down on its planned capital expenditure (capex) for FY20 and FY21 together by ₹600 crore, said a top executive of the company.
For the current fiscal, the tyre major had lined up capex of ₹2,700 crore, a majority of which was to be invested in the greenfield Andhra Pradesh plant.
Talking to analysts and investors in a conference call, Gaurav Kumar, chief financial officer, ATL, said: “We have already started implementing that [cutting capex]. So, the capex, particularly for the A.P. greenfield, would have slowed down from our earlier plan. We will cut close to ₹600 crore of capex over the current year and the next year.”
He said for FY20 and FY21, the firm had planned capex of about ₹2,700 crore and ₹1,700 crore respectively. This would come down to about ₹2,300-₹2,400 crore for this year and by ₹300 crore for the next fiscal.
Poor demand
“The commissioning of the plant will happen in the first quarter of 2020, but ramping up of the A.P. plant’s capacity will happen slowly. However, it would not impact us since there is no demand,” he added.
On overseas production, he said the company’s Hungary plant would produce over three million tyres in the current year, followed by over four million in the next year.


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