Broken Full Text Links
I'm specifically talking about full text links in your discovery layer, because when you click "full text online" the discovery layer doesn't actually _know_ what will happen on the other end. You might be sent straight to a PDF or straight to a 404 page.
report a broken link
Shout out to Robert Hoyt & Fairfield University, who provided code and the general architecture for this. Code: Summon JS | Wagtail "broken links" app
When we first noticed these broken links, our approach was to enable users to report when they encounter one. I added custom client-side JavaScript to our Summon instance that inserts an additional "report broken link" feature just after the full text link. When a user selects it, a small pop-up dialog asks for an optional email address and description. When they submit it, that information along with the link's OpenURL is POSTed via AJAX to a small web app living on our website, which in turn pushes it into a spreadsheet, where it's easy for me to manage, parse the OpenURL metadata, and classify the reported problems.
Big shout out to Robery Hoyt & Fairfield University, who first developed this approach. I had asked Summon's support about how to set this up and they pointed me in his direction.
why do links break?
inaccurate metadata in the DL index
inaccurate metadata in the content provider database, causing a mismatch with the DL index
a disagreement between DL index and content provider over geuinely debatable metadata values, such as the title of a book review
a granularity mismatch : DL index and provider disagree about whether a section should be one or many articles
the content provider has a poor openURL implementation , causing a link to fail due to unused or missing metadata fields
title-level links that do not go to the full text
missing content , the content provider doesn't have an item even though it should
an item is under embargo and the DL's naïve knowledge base doesn't account for that
we misconfigured EZproxy
we misconfigured our knowledge base , our rights statements are wrong
we deleted a catalog record but our local holdings haven't synced with the DL index yet
stop being weird
So why do links break? I've collected a list of problems from our reports and there are a lot so I'm going to speed through them.
- inaccurate metadata in the DL index
- inaccurate metadata in the content provider database, causing a mismatch with the DL index
- a disagreement between DL index and content provider over geuinely debatable metadata values, such as the title of a book review. Should it be "Review: Book Title" or simply "Book Title"?
- a granularity mismatch: the DL index and the content provider disagree about whether something should be one or many items. Consider a "letters to the editor" segment; the DL might have one item while the content provider has a distinct article for each letter.
- the content provider can have a poor openURL implementation, causing a link to fail due to unused or misused metadata
- title-level links don't go to the full text. While it may be easy for some researchers to navigate from there, most users aren't expecting this. They clicked a link that said "full text" not one that said "I hope you memorized the article's volume and issue cuz you're gonna need them"
- missing content, the content provider doesn't have an item even though it should
- an item is under embargo and the DL's naïve knowledge base doesn't account for that
- we misconfigured EZproxy. Yeah, sometimes we're the ones that screw up.
- we misconfigured our knowledge base, our rights statements are wrong
- we deleted a catalog record but our local holdings haven't synced with the DL index yet. We manually sync deletions and it can take up a month to have them reflected.
is this real life... or just reporting bias?
unsplash-logo Unleashed Agency
So as I sat awash in this sea of issues I started to wonder...does it seem so bad because I'm only getting the reports of _broken_ links? Surely 99% of our links work and I'm just seeing the worst one percent. I wanted to find out exactly how bad the situation was by doing an objective review of how often our discovery layer's full text links resolved and the most problematic content types were.
a series of Node scripts to
randomly select queries from real user data
obtain search results for those queries
test result links for resolution
compile summary statistics
I wrote a series of Node scripts to help me investigate. I took thousands of actual user queries and randomly selected fifty to study. I used the Summon API to obtain search result metadata for these queries. My project then iterates through the first ten search results, opens their links in a browser where I record if they resolve properly and, if not, the general nature of their failure. Finally, the project spits out summary statistics after all the search results are reviewed.
example: reviewing links
Here's what it looks like as I run the project. You can see the title and author of the first query's first result are printed out and I've entered the destination URL that Summon took me to, then a couple boolean values describing whether it was the full text and whether I could _eventually_ find the full text. When I finish entering the first result, the title and author of the second are printed out and its URL is opened in a new browser window.
{
"ContentType": [ "Journal Article" ],
"hasFullText": true,
"inHoldings": true,
"isFullTextHit": false,
"IsPeerReviewed": [ "true" ],
"isPrint": false,
"IsScholarly": [ "true" ],
"LinkModel": [ "DirectLink" ],
"PublicationCentury": [ "2000" ],
"PublicationDecade": [ "2010" ],
"SourceID": [ "proquest", "crossref" ],
"SourceType": [ "Aggregation Database" ],
"link_check": {
"destination": "example.com",
"resolves_to_full_text": false,
"full_text": true,
"notes": "can find article using a query of only its title"
}
}
Here's an example JSON record from the project. It shows the Summon metadata of the original search result, like content type and various boolean properties. Down at the bottom, you can see the "link check" annotation that's populated with the result of my manual test.
This project is on GitHub by the way, if other libraries want to conduct the same study. There's a link on my final slide.
results
Only 78.5% worked 😡eventually located full text for 54.5% of broken links.
±3.72% with a 95% confidence level, N = 469
The results of the study were very disappointing to me. Only 78.5% of links resolved to full text. There were distinct trends in terms of what types of records experienced linking failures: Magazine articles and newspaper articles faired poorly. Journal articles were about average while ProQuest content and Reference materials did better than average.
But the most striking contrast I found was between OpenURL and direct linking, which I've placed on the right side of this graph. Summon records have a "LinkModel" property with one of these two values. OpenURL means that metadata is passed to our link resolver which relays you to the content provider, while a "direct link" means that the DL index itself has some form of absolute URL stored for the item. OpenURL links failed about 63% of the time, while DirectLinks were nearly 98% successful.
A small silver lining to this outcome is that I was able to eventually find full text for a little over half of the broken links. For instance, title-level links are technically not to the full text so I would categorize them as broken, but I could often use the journal's home page to drill down to the desired article. However, I don't necessarily think it's fair to assume that our patrons would be as successful at locating full text and there's still an inconvenience introduced that's contributing to the usability gap that makes our DL feel worse than Google or even Google scholar.
what we're doing
when we're to blame it's an easy, one-time fix
work with Summon support, try to be systematic
new linking strategy: pass only numeric metadata (volume, issue, ISSN) via OpenURL & omit title
cut toxic 🤢 links out of your life , identify & avoid problematic:
content types (Book Reviews)
platforms (Nexis Uni)
re-run broken link study under CDI
So what are we doing to address our broken link problem?
For the errors that are our fault, like EZproxy or knowledge base misconfiguration, it's a one-time fix and these errors have largely disappeared now I know to be more diligent about them.
We're working with Ex Libris' support to fix broken links. At the scale of the DL index, fixing broken records one-by-one is not worth our time. Instead, we try to find systemtic fixes that erase a whole class of problem affecting numerous records. For instance, for some OpenURL linking strategies we've started sending only _numeric_ metadata like volume, issue, ISSN, and date. It's harder to have a disagreement about numeric values, while titles are a common source of problems due to disagreements or character encoding issues. Paradoxically, we can make some OpenURLs _better_ by sending _less_ metadata.
We're also trying to cut toxic links our of our life by identifying problematic content types and providers. We've removed Book Reviews from our default library home page search box because they were among the worst performing content types and also presented usability issues. We're considering dropping our Nexis Uni subscription due to its awful linking performance.
Finally, I'd like to re-run my broken link study now that Summon is using an new index named CDI, though I do not have much confidence that it will substantially improve the situation.
Problem Origins
the library, the discovery layer, content providers, metadata providers
The challenge is, we need to work together with several different stakeholders who are not always on the same page. The matrix of discovery layer, content provider, and metadata provider cannot always be brought into agreement and in fact some of these companies have competing interests and they've proven to be uncooperative. The well-known case of MLA International Bibliography choosing to share its metadata exclusively with EBSCO comes to mind.
why it's hopeless
the finite nature of human life and patience
no one can guarantee DL indexes/linking function
size is itself an obstacle to integrity
the breadth of potential errors is such that human intervention is necessary
vendors won't vet each others' linking & blame each other rather than work to mutual solutions (ODI )
...and that's why I fundamentally believe that fixing discovery layer linking is hopeless. I don't have enough time to discover, much less fix, every metadata error. I have great respect for the Ex Libris support team but they are at least as overworked as I am.
DLs brag about the size of their index but they can't even test if their linking is functional and full text is retrievable in all cases.
Size itself is actually an obstacle to the integrity of the index. How can DL companies test all these links on every update, whether the update is to an index, a supporting link resolver, or even a content provider's database platform?
The breadth of potential problems is so wide and diagnosis so difficult that human intervention is almost certainly required. This is far more involved than checking for a 200 HTTP status code.
Underlying all of this is vendors' insistence on noncooperation. I can't tell you how many support tickets I've been on where I'm playing telephone with two support teams that are convinced the other one's platform is the issue, yet neither has enough access to truly diagnose the issue. I greatly admire The Open Discovery Initiative, it's a great step to encourage standardization and cooperation, but ODI ultimately relies on libraries to pressure vendors to work together.
OpenURL is broken
assumes universal access to accurate metadata
there are platform-specific limitations even if an index has perfect metadata
example: it's impossible for metadata to uniquely identify certain articles in Nexis Uni, which uses only publication and title (no date)
platforms let OpenURLs fail gracelessly
I actually like OpenURL, it's an elegant standard being asked to do too much and implementations are failing.
OpenURL is being asked to fill this cooperation gap and it's just not up to the task. There's a faulty assumption that everyone has access to accurate metadata—or even just _the same_ metadata whether it's accurate or not.
What's worse, _even if_ everyone had perfect metadata, there are platform-specific limitations in how content providers handle OpenURL links. Take Nexis Uni for example: they use only publication and title, nothing else. So it's impossible to uniquely identify, for instance, a specific instance of a regular newspaper column that is repeatedly published under the same name.
Content providers don't have a consistent way to handle broken links, as if they never expected them to happen. Platforms could be much smarter about guessing the content being described when an OpenURL fails.
little has changed
The number of problems discovered in full-text items that are linked via an OpenURL is discouraging; however, the ability of the Summon Discovery Service to provide accurate access to full text is an overall positive because of its direct link functionality. More than 95% of direct-linked articles in our research led to the correct resource. One-click (OpenURL) resolution was noticeably poorer, with about 60% of requests leading directly to the correct full-text item. More alarming, we found that, of full-text requests linked through an OpenURL, a large portion—20%—fail.
—"Measuring Journal Linking Success from a Discovery Service" Stuart, K., Varnum, K., & Ahronheim, J. (2015)
I'd like to close by referencing a University of Michigan study from 2015, where they had a much larger sample size than mine and came to almost exactly the same conclusions that I did. They found that 95% of DirectLinks worked, while only 60% of OpenURLs did, with a 20% overall failure rate. Five years later, nothing's changed.


The goal of the course is to familiarize with the basics and advantages of functional and declarative programming styles and their programming languages (as opposed to the *imperative* programming style of the C/Java family languages you already know). We will start with a gentle introduction to the λ-calculus, the basic abstraction for functional languages, followed by introduction to Common Lisp, actual programming language that is very close to the simple lambda calculus. Finally we will learn the basics of declarative programming using the Prolog language.
During the term, you can get at most 45 points from two tests. The first one from λ-calculus and LISP is for 25pts max and you need at least 12 points to pass. The second test towards the end of the term is on computers, from LISP and Prolog and for 20pts max and you need at least 15 points to pass.
Class project is optional and will give you from 0 to 15 points extra which will count towards the exam.
The exam has written part for 30pts max (15 points to pass) and oral part, which is for 10 points max (this part of the exam has the veto right, i.e. you may be denied the mark at the end if you perform really poor in the oral part regardless of any other points you may have).
At the end of exam, your points are counted and a final mark is awarded:
Translated materials for the exercises will appear here:
The solution can be found here
Detailed information about the coursework can be viewed here.
I realize this page is very spartan. With time and luck, it will updated and made nicer ∧ better, so be patient. Technically, this is the first proper run of the course in English. The materials will definitely not be perfect, if you spot an error, please let us know!


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No-confidence motion moved against NA Deputy Speaker Qasim Suri
by Our CorrespondentISLAMABAD: Lawmakers of the Pakistan Muslim League – Nawaz (PML-N) on Friday submitted a no-confidence motion against National Assembly Deputy Speaker Qasim Khan Suri on Friday.
The no-confidence resolution was submitted by PML-N MNAs Khawaja Asif, Khurram Dastgir Khan, Mohsin Nawaz Ranjha, and Muhammad Sajjad.
“We the following members understand that the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly violated the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business, 2007 and lost the confidence of the majority of the House,” read the resolution.
“Thereby we moved Resolution under Article 53(7)(c) of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan against Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan.”
“The said Article is reproduced as below: 53(7)(c) he is removed from office by a resolution of the Assembly, of which not less than seven days’ notice has been given and which is passed by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the Assembly.”
“Therefore, he is required to take vote of confidence from the House, immediately,” it concluded.
The lawmakers also submitted a motion that stated: “We the following members of the National Assembly of Pakistan under Rule 12 of the Rules of Procedure & Conduct of Business, 2007, hereby moved a motion for leave under paragraph (c) of clause (7) of Article 53 for the removal the Deputy Speaker.”
“We demand that this notice may be circulated forthwith amongst the members.”
The no-confidence move against Suri comes on the heels of his disqualification and de-seating by an election tribunal in September, which was overturned by the Supreme Court in October.
On September 27, the Balochistan High Court election tribunal had declared Suri’s election void and ordered re-election in his constituency, NA-265 (Quetta-II).
The decision came on a challenge by Balochistan National Party’s Nawabzada Lashkari Raisani who alleged rigging in the election.
Consequently, on October 2, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) de-notified Suri as a member of the National Assembly.
However, less than a week later on October 7, the Supreme Court overturned the tribunal’s decision and suspended the ECP notification.


Headroom.js
Give your pages some headroom. Hide your header until you need it.
Downloads
What's it all about?
Headroom.js is a lightweight, high-performance JS widget (with no dependencies!) that allows you to react to the user's scroll. The header on this site is a living example, it slides out of view when scrolling down and slides back in when scrolling up.
Why use it?
Fixed headers are a popular approach for keeping the primary navigation in close proximity to the user. This can reduce the effort required for a user to quickly navigate a site, but they are not without problems…
Large screens are usually landscape-oriented, meaning less vertical than horizontal space. A fixed header can therefore occupy a significant portion of the content area. Small screens are typically used in a portrait orientation. Whilst this results in more vertical space, because of the overall height of the screen a meaningfully-sized header can still be quite imposing.
Headroom.js allows you to bring elements into view when appropriate, and give focus to your content the rest of the time.
How does it work?
At it's most basic headroom.js simply adds and removes CSS classes from an element in response to a scroll event:
<!-- initially -->
<header class="headroom">
<!-- scrolling down -->
<header class="headroom headroom--unpinned">
<!-- scrolling up -->
<header class="headroom headroom--pinned">
Relying on CSS classes affords headroom.js incredible flexibility. The choice of what to do when scrolling up or down is now entirely yours - anything you can do with CSS you can do in response to the user's scroll.
Usage
Using headroom.js is really simple. It has a pure JS API, and an optional jQuery/Zepto-compatible plugin.
With pure JS
// grab an element
var myElement = document.querySelector("header");
// construct an instance of Headroom, passing the element
var headroom = new Headroom(myElement);
// initialise
headroom.init();
With jQuery/Zepto
// simple as this!
// NOTE: init() is implicitly called with the plugin
$("# header").headroom();
The plugin also offers a data-* API if you prefer a declarative approach.
<!-- selects $("[data-headroom]") -->
<header data-headroom>
Note: Zepto's additional data module is required for compatibility.
Options
Headroom.js can also accept an options object to alter the way it behaves. You can see the default options by
inspecting Headroom.options
. The structure of an options object is as follows:
{
// vertical offset in px before element is first unpinned
offset : 0,
// scroll tolerance in px before state changes
tolerance : 0,
// css classes to apply
classes : {
// when element is initialised
initial : "headroom",
// when scrolling up
pinned : "headroom--pinned",
// when scrolling down
unpinned : "headroom--unpinned"
}
}
Examples
Head over to the headroom.js playroom if you want see some example usages. There you can tweak all of headroom's options and apply different CSS effects in an interactive demo.
License
Licensed under the MIT License.


"SATYR "hairy one. Mentioned in Greek mythology as a creature composed of a man and a goat, supposed to inhabit wild and desolate regions. The Hebrew word is rendered also “goat” (Leviticus 4:24) and“devil”, i.e., an idol in the form of a goat (17:7; 2 Chronicles 11:15). When it is said (Isaiah 13:21; comp. 34:14) “the satyrs shall dance there,” the meaning is that the place referred to shall become a desolate waste. Some render the Hebrew word “baboon,” a species of which is found in Babylonia.
"SATYR "hairy one. Mentioned in Greek mythology as a creature composed of a man and a goat, supposed to inhabit wild and desolate regions. The Hebrew word is rendered also “goat” (Leviticus 4:24) and“devil”, i.e., an idol in the form of a goat (17:7; 2 Chronicles 11:15). When it is said (Isaiah 13:21; comp. 34:14) “the satyrs shall dance there,” the meaning is that the place referred to shall become a desolate waste. Some render the Hebrew word “baboon,” a species of which is found in Babylonia.


Performance note : the jBCrypt test suite requires a lot of hash computations.
This would take a lot of time in a browser, so it is skipped by default.
If you really want to give it a try, just re-run this test with ?jbcrypt at the end of the URL.


|
| def | __init__ (self) |
| |
| def | __del__ (self) |
| |
| def | clear (self) |
| |
| def | limit_sell (self, order_id, quantity, price) |
| |
| def | limit_buy (self, order_id, quantity, price) |
| |
| def | limit (self, side, order_id, quantity, price) |
| |
| def | has (self, order_id) |
| |
| def | cancel (self, order_id) |
| |
| def | market_sell (self, order_id, quantity) |
| |
| def | market_buy (self, order_id, quantity) |
| |
| def | market (self, side, order_id, quantity) |
| |
| def | best_sell (self) |
| |
| def | best_buy (self) |
| |
| def | best (self, side) |
| |
| def | volume_sell (self, price=None) |
| |
| def | volume_buy (self, price=None) |
| |
| def | volume (self, price=None) |
| |
| def | count_at (self, price) |
| |
| def | count_sell (self) |
| |
| def | count_buy (self) |
| |
| def | count (self) |
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The Limit Order Book (LOB).
◆ __init__()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.__init__ |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
Initialize a new limit order book.
◆ __del__()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.__del__ |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
Delete this limit order book.
◆ best()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.best |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
side |
|
) |
| |
Return the best price for the given side.
Args:
side: the side of the book to get the best price for (False=sell)
Returns:
the best price for the given side of the book
◆ best_buy()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.best_buy |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
Return the best buy price in the book.
◆ best_sell()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.best_sell |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
Return the best sell price in the book.
◆ cancel()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.cancel |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
order_id |
|
) |
| |
Cancel an order with given order ID.
Args:
order_id: the ID of the order to cancel
Returns:
None
◆ clear()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.clear |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
Clear all the orders in the book.
◆ count()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.count |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
Return the total count of the book (number of orders).
◆ count_at()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.count_at |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
price |
|
) |
| |
Return the count at the given limit price.
Args:
price: the price to get the count of the book for
Returns:
the count of the book at the given price
◆ count_buy()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.count_buy |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
Return the count of the book on the buy side.
◆ count_sell()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.count_sell |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
Return the count of the book on the sell side.
◆ has()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.has |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
order_id |
|
) |
| |
Return true if the order with given ID is in the book, false otherwise.
Args:
order_id: the ID of the order to check for existence of
Returns:
True if the order is in the book, False otherwise
◆ limit()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.limit |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
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side, |
|
|
|
order_id, |
|
|
|
quantity, |
|
|
|
price |
|
) |
| |
Place a sell limit order with given quantity and price.
Args:
side: the side of the order to place
order_id: the ID for the order to add
quantity: the quantity of shares in the limit order to place
price: the price of the limit order to place
Returns:
None
◆ limit_buy()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.limit_buy |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
order_id, |
|
|
|
quantity, |
|
|
|
price |
|
) |
| |
Place a sell limit order with given quantity and price.
Args:
order_id: the ID for the order to add
quantity: the quantity of shares in the limit order to place
price: the price of the limit order to place
Returns:
None
◆ limit_sell()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.limit_sell |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
order_id, |
|
|
|
quantity, |
|
|
|
price |
|
) |
| |
Place a sell limit order with given quantity and price.
Args:
order_id: the ID for the order to add
quantity: the quantity of shares in the limit order to place
price: the price of the limit order to place
Returns:
None
◆ market()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.market |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
side, |
|
|
|
order_id, |
|
|
|
quantity |
|
) |
| |
Place a market order.
Args:
side: the side of the order to place
order_id: the ID for the order to add
quantity: the quantity of shares in the market order to place
Returns:
None
◆ market_buy()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.market_buy |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
order_id, |
|
|
|
quantity |
|
) |
| |
Place a market buy order.
Args:
order_id: the ID for the order to add
quantity: the quantity of shares in the market order to place
Returns:
None
◆ market_sell()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.market_sell |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
order_id, |
|
|
|
quantity |
|
) |
| |
Place a market sell order.
Args:
order_id: the ID for the order to add
quantity: the quantity of shares in the market order to place
Returns:
None
◆ volume()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.volume |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
price = None |
|
) |
| |
Return the volume of the book at the given price.
Args:
price: the price to get the volume at
Returns:
the volume of orders at the given price
Note:
returns the total volume if price is `None`
◆ volume_buy()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.volume_buy |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
price = None |
|
) |
| |
Return the volume of the buy side of the book at the given price.
Args:
price: the price to get the volume at
Returns:
the volume of orders at the given price
Note:
returns the total buy-side volume if price is `None`
◆ volume_sell()
| def limit_order_book.limit_order_book.LimitOrderBook.volume_sell |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
price = None |
|
) |
| |
Return the volume of the sell side of the book at the given price.
Args:
price: the price to get the volume at
Returns:
the volume of orders at the given price
Note:
returns the total sell-side volume if price is `None`
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- limit_order_book/limit_order_book.py


vieoBrodcast.html
TRANSACTION: 0 | ROOM 0
SESSION_ID: 0 | DESCRIPTION: 0
HANDLE_ID: 0 | VIDEO false
FEED: 0 | AUDIO false
Choose your nick:
you:
he(she):
Wanna broadcast a video? Check it
Preconfigured room in config file, a room with id=1234
Subscriber workflows
1. Create session 2. Attach plugin 3.List participants 3. Join room 4. Leave room 5. Detach plugin 6. Destroy session
Publisher workflows
1. Create session 2. Attach plugin 3. Join room 4. publish
Local Video
output:


--- title: orth sidebar: function_reference_sidebar permalink: vector3d.orth.html folder: function_reference toc: false ---
an arbitrary orthogonal vector
convention: (x,y,z) -> (-y,x,0) (0,y,z) -> (1,0,0)


Plato on Github
Report Home
view/scope/scope.js
Maintainability
61.54
Lines of code
353
Difficulty
42.08
Estimated Errors
1.30
Function weight
By Complexity
By SLOC
steal('can/util', 'can/construct', 'can/map', 'can/list', 'can/view', 'can/compute', function (can) { var escapeReg = /(\\)?\./g; var escapeDotReg = /\\\./g; var getNames = function (attr) { var names = [], last = 0; attr.replace(escapeReg, function (first, second, index) { if (!second) { names.push(attr.slice(last, index) .replace(escapeDotReg, '.')); last = index + first.length; } }); names.push(attr.slice(last) .replace(escapeDotReg, '.')); return names; }; /** * @add can.view.Scope */ var Scope = can.Construct.extend( /** * @static */ { // reads properties from a parent. A much more complex version of getObject. /** * @function can.view.Scope.read read * @parent can.view.Scope.static * * @signature `Scope.read(parent, reads, options)` * * Read properties from an object. * * @param {*} parent A parent object to read properties from. * @param {Array<String>} reads An array of properties to read. * @param {can.view.Scope.readOptions} options Configures * how to read properties and values and register callbacks * * @return {{value: *, parent: *}} Returns an object that * provides the value and parent object. * * @option {*} value The value found by reading `reads` properties. If * no value was found, value will be undefined. * * @option {*} parent The most immediate parent object of the value specified by `key`. * * @body * * */ read: can.compute.read }, /** * @prototype */ { init: function (context, parent) { this._context = context; this._parent = parent; }, /** * @function can.view.Scope.prototype.attr * * Reads a value from the current context or parent contexts. * * @param {can.Mustache.key} key A dot seperated path. Use `"\."` if you have a * property name that includes a dot. * * @return {*} The found value or undefined if no value is found. * * @body * * ## Use * * `scope.attr(key)` looks up a value in the current scope's * context, if a value is not found, parent scope's context * will be explored. * * var list = [{name: "Justin"},{name: "Brian"}], * justin = list[0]; * * var curScope = new can.view.Scope(list).add(justin); * * curScope.attr("name") //-> "Justin" * curScope.attr("length") //-> 2 */ attr: function (key) { // reads for whatever called before attr. It's possible // that this.read clears them. We want to restore them. var previousReads = can.__clearReading && can.__clearReading(), res = this.read(key, { isArgument: true, returnObserveMethods: true, proxyMethods: false }) .value; if (can.__setReading) { can.__setReading(previousReads); } return res; }, /** * @function can.view.Scope.prototype.add * * Creates a new scope with its parent set as the current scope. * * @param {*} context The context of the new scope object. * * @return {can.view.Scope} A scope object. * * @body * * ## Use * * `scope.add(context)` creates a new scope object that * first looks up values in context and then in the * parent `scope` object. * * var list = [{name: "Justin"},{name: "Brian"}], * justin = list[0]; * * var curScope = new can.view.Scope(list).add(justin); * * curScope.attr("name") //-> "Justin" * curScope.attr("length") //-> 2 */ add: function (context) { if (context !== this._context) { return new this.constructor(context, this); } else { return this; } }, /** * @function can.view.Scope.prototype.computeData * * @description Provides a compute that represents a * key's value and other information about where the value was found. * * * @param {can.Mustache.key} key A dot seperated path. Use `"\."` if you have a * property name that includes a dot. * * @param {can.view.Scope.readOptions} [options] Options that configure how the `key` gets read. * * @return {{}} An object with the following values: * * @option {can.compute} compute A compute that returns the * value of `key` looked up in the scope's context or parent context. This compute can * also be written to, which will set the observable attribute or compute value at the * location represented by the key. * * @option {can.view.Scope} scope The scope the key was found within. The key might have * been found in a parent scope. * * @option {*} initialData The initial value at the key's location. * * @body * * ## Use * * `scope.computeData(key, options)` is used heavily by [can.Mustache] to get the value of * a [can.Mustache.key key] value in a template. Configure how it reads values in the * scope and what values it returns with the [can.view.Scope.readOptions options] argument. * * var context = new Map({ * name: {first: "Curtis"} * }) * var scope = new can.view.Scope(context) * var computeData = scope.computeData("name.first"); * * computeData.scope === scope //-> true * computeData.initialValue //-> "Curtis" * computeData.compute() //-> "Curtis" * * The `compute` value is writable. For example: * * computeData.compute("Andy") * context.attr("name.first") //-> "Andy" * */ computeData: function (key, options) { options = options || { args: [] }; var self = this, rootObserve, rootReads, computeData = { compute: can.compute(function (newVal) { if (arguments.length) { // check that there's just a compute with nothing from it ... if (rootObserve.isComputed && !rootReads.length) { rootObserve(newVal); } else { var last = rootReads.length - 1; Scope.read(rootObserve, rootReads.slice(0, last)) .value.attr(rootReads[last], newVal); } } else { if (rootObserve) { return Scope.read(rootObserve, rootReads, options) .value; } // otherwise, go get the value var data = self.read(key, options); rootObserve = data.rootObserve; rootReads = data.reads; computeData.scope = data.scope; computeData.initialValue = data.value; return data.value; } }) }; return computeData; }, /** * @hide * @function can.view.Scope.prototype.read read * * Read a key value from the scope and provide useful information * about what was found along the way. * * @param {can.Mustache.key} attr A dot seperated path. Use `"\."` if you have a property name that includes a dot. * @param {can.view.Scope.readOptions} options that configure how this gets read. * * @return {{}} * * @option {Object} parent the value's immediate parent * * @option {can.Map|can.compute} rootObserve the first observable to read from. * * @option {Array<String>} reads An array of properties that can be used to read from the rootObserve to get the value. * * @option {*} value the found value */ read: function (attr, options) { // check if we should be running this on a parent. if (attr.substr(0, 3) === '../') { return this._parent.read(attr.substr(3), options); } else if (attr === '..') { return { value: this._parent._context }; } else if (attr === '.' || attr === 'this') { return { value: this._context }; } // Split the name up. var names = attr.indexOf('\\.') === -1 ? // Reference doesn't contain escaped periods attr.split('.') // Reference contains escaped periods (`a.b\c.foo` == `a["b.c"].foo) : getNames(attr), // The current context (a scope is just data and a parent scope). context, // The current scope. scope = this, // While we are looking for a value, we track the most likely place this value will be found. // This is so if there is no me.name.first, we setup a listener on me.name. // The most likely canidate is the one with the most "read matches" "lowest" in the // context chain. // By "read matches", we mean the most number of values along the key. // By "lowest" in the context chain, we mean the closest to the current context. // We track the starting position of the likely place with `defaultObserve`. defaultObserve, // Tracks how to read from the defaultObserve. defaultReads = [], // Tracks the highest found number of "read matches". defaultPropertyDepth = -1, // `scope.read` is designed to be called within a compute, but // for performance reasons only listens to observables within one context. // This is to say, if you have me.name in the current context, but me.name.first and // we are looking for me.name.first, we don't setup bindings on me.name and me.name.first. // To make this happen, we clear readings if they do not find a value. But, // if that path turns out to be the default read, we need to restore them. This // variable remembers those reads so they can be restored. defaultComputeReadings, // Tracks the default's scope. defaultScope, // Tracks the first found observe. currentObserve, // Tracks the reads to get the value for a scope. currentReads; // While there is a scope/context to look in. while (scope) { // get the context context = scope._context; if (context !== null) { // Lets try this context var data = Scope.read(context, names, can.simpleExtend({ // Called when an observable is found. foundObservable: function (observe, nameIndex) { // Save the current observe. currentObserve = observe; currentReads = names.slice(nameIndex); }, // Called when we were unable to find a value. earlyExit: function (parentValue, nameIndex) { // If this has more matching values, if (nameIndex > defaultPropertyDepth) { // save the state. defaultObserve = currentObserve; defaultReads = currentReads; defaultPropertyDepth = nameIndex; defaultScope = scope; // Clear and save readings so next attempt does not use these readings defaultComputeReadings = can.__clearReading && can.__clearReading(); } } }, options)); // Found a matched reference. if (data.value !== undefined) { return { scope: scope, rootObserve: currentObserve, value: data.value, reads: currentReads }; } } // Prevent prior readings. if (can.__clearReading) { can.__clearReading(); } // Move up to the next scope. scope = scope._parent; } // If there was a likely observe. if (defaultObserve) { // Restore reading for previous compute if (can.__setReading) { can.__setReading(defaultComputeReadings); } return { scope: defaultScope, rootObserve: defaultObserve, reads: defaultReads, value: undefined }; } else { // we found nothing and no observable return { names: names, value: undefined }; } } }); can.view.Scope = Scope; return Scope; });


Awesome Movie Search
$db = new SQLite3($db_name); $sql = "SELECT * FROM movies WHERE title = '" . $title . "' COLLATE NOCASE"; $recordset = $db->query($sql); if(!$recordset) { die("Incorrect syntax detected!"); } if($recordset->fetchArray() > 0) { echo "Wow there's a movie there!
"; } else { echo "OOPS! There's no such movie!
"; } } ?>


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SECURE We provide a safe environment for our users to trade. Users are required to register with a valid university email address in order to ensure the upmost safety. |
STUDENT FOCUSED We are a business for students, by students. We understand the concerns students have, and aim to provide a service to meet these concerns. |
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RESPONSIVE DESIGN Our website is designed to provide a responsive experience for our users. Performing tasks is quick and easy. |


ConvLSTM2D
Convolutional LSTM.
tf.compat.v1.keras.layers.ConvLSTM2D
tf.compat.v2.keras.layers.ConvLSTM2D
It is similar to an LSTM layer, but the input transformations and recurrent transformations are both convolutional.
filters
: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
(i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).kernel_size
: An integer or tuple/list of n integers, specifying the
dimensions of the convolution window.strides
: An integer or tuple/list of n integers,
specifying the strides of the convolution.
Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
any dilation_rate
value != 1.padding
: One of "valid"
or "same"
(case-insensitive).data_format
: A string,
one of channels_last
(default) or channels_first
.
The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs.
channels_last
corresponds to inputs with shape
(batch, time, ..., channels)
while channels_first
corresponds to
inputs with shape (batch, time, channels, ...)
.
It defaults to the image_data_format
value found in your
Keras config file at ~/.keras/keras.json
.
If you never set it, then it will be "channels_last".dilation_rate
: An integer or tuple/list of n integers, specifying
the dilation rate to use for dilated convolution.
Currently, specifying any dilation_rate
value != 1 is
incompatible with specifying any strides
value != 1.activation
: Activation function to use.
By default hyperbolic tangent activation function is applied
(tanh(x)
).recurrent_activation
: Activation function to use
for the recurrent step.use_bias
: Boolean, whether the layer uses a bias vector.kernel_initializer
: Initializer for the kernel
weights matrix,
used for the linear transformation of the inputs.recurrent_initializer
: Initializer for the recurrent_kernel
weights matrix,
used for the linear transformation of the recurrent state.bias_initializer
: Initializer for the bias vector.unit_forget_bias
: Boolean.
If True, add 1 to the bias of the forget gate at initialization.
Use in combination with bias_initializer="zeros"
.
This is recommended in [Jozefowicz et al.]
(http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v37/jozefowicz15.pdf)kernel_regularizer
: Regularizer function applied to
the kernel
weights matrix.recurrent_regularizer
: Regularizer function applied to
the recurrent_kernel
weights matrix.bias_regularizer
: Regularizer function applied to the bias vector.activity_regularizer
: Regularizer function applied to.kernel_constraint
: Constraint function applied to
the kernel
weights matrix.recurrent_constraint
: Constraint function applied to
the recurrent_kernel
weights matrix.bias_constraint
: Constraint function applied to the bias vector.return_sequences
: Boolean. Whether to return the last output
in the output sequence, or the full sequence.go_backwards
: Boolean (default False).
If True, process the input sequence backwards.stateful
: Boolean (default False). If True, the last state
for each sample at index i in a batch will be used as initial
state for the sample of index i in the following batch.dropout
: Float between 0 and 1.
Fraction of the units to drop for
the linear transformation of the inputs.recurrent_dropout
: Float between 0 and 1.
Fraction of the units to drop for
the linear transformation of the recurrent state.inputs
: A 5D tensor.mask
: Binary tensor of shape (samples, timesteps)
indicating whether
a given timestep should be masked.training
: Python boolean indicating whether the layer should behave in
training mode or in inference mode. This argument is passed to the cell
when calling it. This is only relevant if dropout
or recurrent_dropout
are set.initial_state
: List of initial state tensors to be passed to the first
call of the cell.(samples, time, channels, rows, cols)
(samples, time, rows, cols, channels)
return_sequences
(samples, time, filters, output_row, output_col)
(samples, time, output_row, output_col, filters)
(samples, filters, output_row, output_col)
(samples, output_row, output_col, filters)
where o_row
and o_col
depend on the shape of the filter and
the paddingValueError
: in case of invalid constructor arguments.__init__
__init__( filters, kernel_size, strides=(1, 1), padding='valid', data_format=None, dilation_rate=(1, 1), activation='tanh', recurrent_activation='hard_sigmoid', use_bias=True, kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform', recurrent_initializer='orthogonal', bias_initializer='zeros', unit_forget_bias=True, kernel_regularizer=None, recurrent_regularizer=None, bias_regularizer=None, activity_regularizer=None, kernel_constraint=None, recurrent_constraint=None, bias_constraint=None, return_sequences=False, go_backwards=False, stateful=False, dropout=0.0, recurrent_dropout=0.0, **kwargs )
activation
bias_constraint
bias_initializer
bias_regularizer
data_format
dilation_rate
dropout
filters
kernel_constraint
kernel_initializer
kernel_regularizer
kernel_size
padding
recurrent_activation
recurrent_constraint
recurrent_dropout
recurrent_initializer
recurrent_regularizer
states
strides
unit_forget_bias
use_bias
get_initial_state
get_initial_state(inputs)
reset_states
reset_states(states=None)


Microsoft Launcher might get rid of Cortana very soon
by RakaMicrosoft Launcher may soon get rid of Cortana and in case you forgot, Cortana is Microsoft’s digital assistant. According to Zac Bowden at Windows Central, Microsoft might soon pull its digital assistant from Microsoft Launcher on Android and this could happen within the next couple of months.
If this turns out to be true, you’ll no longer be able to ask Cortana to tell you a bad joke from Microsoft Launcher. However, if you still want to use Microsoft’s digital assistant, you’ll need to install Microsoft’s standalone Cortana app on your Android smartphone.
In place of Cortana, Microsoft could integrate Google Assistant to Microsoft Launcher and while the software giant is unlikely to do that, Google Assistant in Microsoft’s Android Launcher is something that will be very interesting as well as useful.
What do our readers think about this move? What do you think could be the reason behind such a decision? Do let us know your thoughts in the comments below.
|
|
Download | Microsoft Cortana – Digital assistant Developer: Microsoft Corporation Price: Free |
|
|
|
Download | Microsoft Launcher Developer: Microsoft Corporation Price: Free |
|


SRCCON 2016 // Tyler Fisher
Chicago Tribune News Apps Team, 2011
Dan Sinker, SRCCON 2014
But work is more than open source code.
How do you brainstorm?
How and Why Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Rocks, Wes Lindamood, NPR Visuals
Keeping a prioritized backlog of planned work is how we effectively manage an iterative development cycle such that we move toward our goal incrementally. Simply delivering more frequently and organizing our work into “sprints” is not sufficient. We need to track our forward progress at regular intervals, reflect on what we’ve learned, and adjust our plans to keep moving toward our goal.
How do you decide what to work on?
In a sequential visual story about the end of Chicago’s public housing, we had initially tried to use a right carat on the right side of the page. In doing so, we observed that users were having a hard time finding the entry point to the experience. As a variation, we tried animating the right carat to draw attention to it and finally tried to use the begin button. In the end, the begin button proved to be the most effective way to enter this story.
How did you pivot when things failed?
The Evolution of NPR’s Picture Stories, Wes Lindamood, NPR Visuals
How do you publish?
How do you hire?
How do you interact?
We make people care.
What is your mission?
How do you organize?
BuzzFeed Product Design Roles 2.0, John Niedermeyer, Buzzfeed
How do you meet?
How did you measure performance?
When was your product successful? When did it fail?
Do Visual Stories Make People Care, Tyler Fisher, NPR Visuals
What were your experiments?
Preparation to share encourages thorough documentation.
Your process and results are not your competitive advantage.
Your content is.
The news industry will only grow together.
Have a team blog and publish often.
Make reflection and writing a default part of your process.
Or just go all the way
bye come talk about recording music at home at 8:30 in classroom 314 k thx
also tomorrow come to my session about better analytics at 2:30 in classroom 305
k thx
bye


glmulti: Model selection and multimodel inference made easy
Automated model selection and model-averaging. Provides a
wrapper for glm and other functions, automatically generating
all possible models (under constraints set by the user) with
the specified response and explanatory variables, and finding
the best models in terms of some Information Criterion (AIC,
AICc or BIC). Can handle very large numbers of candidate
models. Features a Genetic Algorithm to find the best models
when an exhaustive screening of the candidates is not feasible.
| Version: |
1.0.7 |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 2.13.0), rJava (≥ 0.5-0), methods |
| Suggests: |
MASS, aod, lme4, pscl, leaps, survival, nnet |
| Published: |
2013-04-12 |
| Author: |
Vincent Calcagno |
| Maintainer: |
Vincent Calcagno <vincent.calcagno at sophia.inra.fr> |
| License: |
GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: |
no |
| SystemRequirements: |
Java (>= 5.0) |
| Materials: |
ChangeLog |
| CRAN checks: |
glmulti results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=glmulti
to link to this page.


Supreme Court okays 21 contentious cases in Ondo, says AG
Damisi Ojo, Akure
About 21 contentious cases decided by judges in Ondo state have been upheld by the Supreme Court.
The State Attorney-General & Commissioner for Justice, Adekola Olawoye (SAN) gave the cheering news while delivering a lecture titled: “Searchlight On The Effectiveness of Criminal Justice Law 2015 Thus Far: Feedback From Stakeholders” at the 2019 Judges seminar in Akure, Ondo state.
The AG who attributed the stride to diligence, hard work and dedication to duties by the judges also commended the staff for maintaining harmonious working relationship with the management
In the 21-page lecture, the Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) explained the need for the review of the 2015 Criminal Justice Law of the state to cure some identified lacuna in the OSACJL to enable take care of peculiarities of the state.
He said “It has been observed that the state has not been adequately captured in the administration of criminal justice 2015 hence the need to amend it.”
Read Also: Centre investigates 100 criminal cases, 300 paternity matters
Speaking on the practicability of the reviewed criminal law, the legal luminary said the law only saddled all relevant agencies especially the security agents with additional responsibilities to protect fundamental rights of suspects as entrenched in section 10 (1) & 12 (3) of the ACJL.
According to him, the two sections required that confessional statements of suspects must be video recorded and tendered as evidence before court to minimize the alleged use of force to obtain statement and dehumanization of police suspects in police, DSS & NSCDC detention cells.
He said the law is not only intended to ensure that the system of administration of criminal justice promotes speedy dispensation of justice, protects the society rights and interests of all parties to dispute but to put an end to the alleged indiscriminate arrest and others associated with obtaining statements on trial within trial in criminal justice sector.
While lauding these innovative provisions, the AG however frowned over poor level of compliance by the security agencies with the mandatory recording of suspects’ statements, arrest and quarterly report of data base of arrested persons to the office of the AG as provided in the law.
He therefore called for proper funding of all relevant agencies responsible for the administration of criminal justice sector, public education and awareness to enable them these statutory duties efficiently.


Searches
|
For Threat Descriptors and Malware you can provide the
search operators below to customize your search results.
For URLs, just paste the full URL with parameters
(*excluding the access_token*). Some operators are specific to Threat Indicators and are noted as such. Some fields are specific to Details and are noted as such. For Details, the only requirement is the id of the object you want details on. Entering no search operators will treat all entered text as the search string. |
|
text:string |
Freeform value to search for. |
strict_text:1 |
Enable strict text matching (default is off). |
limit:int |
Only return this many objects (default:500, max:1000). |
since:string |
Objects collected after this time. |
until:string |
Objects collected before this time. |
threat_type:string |
Threat Type the Threat Indicator is associated with. |
type:string |
The type of Threat Indicator to search for. |
metadata:1 |
Include metadata in the results. |
fields:string |
Comma-separated list of fields to include in the details page. |
connection:string |
Find all other objects connected to this one with this connection type (use Details). |


Library of Sages Director Sophia:
This book is an antique. But I don't think it belongs to this library...
Why do you think it is one of ours...?
Tell her how you found this book and that the name Sophia is written in it


system
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
system — 执行外部程序，并且显示输出
说明
string system ( string $command [, int &$return_var ] )
同 C 版本的 system() 函数一样，本函数执行 command 参数所指定的命令，并且输出执
行结果。
如果 PHP 运行在服务器模块中， system() 函数还会尝试在每行输出完毕之后，自动刷新
web 服务器的输出缓存。
如果要获取一个命令未经任何处理的原始输出，请使用 passthru() 函数。
参数
command
要执行的命令。
return_var
如果提供 return_var 参数，则外部命令执行后的返回状态将会被设置到此变量中。
返回值
成功则返回命令输出的最后一行，失败则返回 FALSE
范例
Example #1 system() 例程
';
// 输出 shell 命令 "ls" 的返回结果
// 并且将输出的最后一样内容返回到 $last_line。
// 将命令的返回值保存到 $retval。
$last_line = system('ls', $retval);
// 打印更多信息
echo '
Last line of the output: ' . $last_line . '
Return value: ' . $retval;
?>
注释
Warning
当用户提供的数据传入此函数，使用 escapeshellarg() 或 escapeshellcmd() 来确保用
户欺骗系统从而执行任意命令。
Note:
如何程序使用此函数启动，为了能保持在后台运行，此程序必须将输出重定向到文件
或其它输出流。否则会导致 PHP 挂起，直至程序执行结束。
Note: 安全模式启用时，可仅可用 safe_mode_exec_dir 执行文件。实际上，现在不
允许在到可执行的路径中存在 .. 组件。
Warning
安全模式启用时，命令字符串会被 escapeshellcmd() 转换。因此，echo y | echo x 会
变成 echo y \| echo x。
参见
• exec() - 执行一个外部程序
• passthru() - 执行外部程序并且显示原始输出
• popen() - 打开进程文件指针
• escapeshellcmd() - shell 元字符转义
• pcntl_exec() - 在当前进程空间执行指定程序
• 执行操作符
User Contributed Notes 53 notes
===============================================================================
This is for WINDOWS users. I am running apache and I have been trying for hours
now to capture the output of a command.
I'd tried everything that is written here and then continued searching online
with no luck at all. The output of the command was never captured. All I got
was an empty array.
Finally, I found a comment in a blog by a certain amazing guy that solved my
problems.
Adding the string ' 2>&1' to the command name finally returned the output!!
This works in exec() as well as system() in PHP since it uses stream
redirection to redirect the output to the correct place!
system("yourCommandName 2>&1",$output) ;
===============================================================================
The double quote problem on Windows platform discussed earlier here in comments
still present in PHP 5.2.5. You can't execute system($command) if $command
contains more than 2 " chars. system('"echo" A'); works, while system('"echo"
"A"'); does not. Search comment, that was a solution posted to overhaul this
issue via temporary .bat file.
===============================================================================
I have a way to get the return of system, using ob_start() and ob_get_contents
(). Ex.:
ob_start();
system("echo I'll catch the buffer");
$return = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
===============================================================================
In response to willytk at gmail dot com, 10-Sep-2007 01:39
If imagemagick / convert from eps or pdf is not working because the gs
executable is not in the apache path, you can compile imagemagick with
--with-frozenpaths
This makes imagemagick store the full path to the gs executable. The error I
was getting before was
"sh: gs: command not found"
when convert was called with "-debug All"
Cheers
Alastair Battrick
===============================================================================
On Windows XP, (possibly others)
If you are getting the unable to fork error, make sure the internet guest user
has permission to read and execute the \Windows\System32\cmd.exe file.
===============================================================================
Do not use "system" if you use the "php.ini" option:
zlib.output_compression = On
Doing so will result in the browser receiving garbage (I'm guessing the headers
/buffers get confused).
Use passthru in this case, it appears to work as intended.
===============================================================================
I almost gave up trying to get Windows XP w/ Apache 2 to use either system(),
or exec() to run a batch file.
If the batch file was this...
echo test > test.txt
it would work fine, creating test.txt...
but if the batch file was..
iexplore.exe "http://www.ibm.com"
I would get nothing. After hours and hours of messing around with this I
figured it must be some type of permission problem. (dugh!)
Long story a little shorter.. You have to give Apache permission to "interact
with the desktop".
Here's how...
Start>Run>services.msc
Right click "Apache...", select properties.
Click on the "LOG ON" tab
Check the box "Allow this service to interact with desktop"
Click OK
Restart Apache
Works great!
:D
HOPE THIS HELPS SOMEONE!
Too bad I didn't find a post like this before I figured it out myself. (I could
have been working on something.)
===============================================================================
If you need to run root-level commands, such as to reboot a service, the
utility 'sudo' will let you handle linux permissions. In our example we use
'sudo' to allow apache temporary root access to restart a service. We can then
use:
system("sudo service dhcpd restart")
You also need to examine the /etc/sudoers file to specify what permissions to
grant. Hope this helps someone!
===============================================================================
To run a full screen program from a PHP CLI script, redirect input from and
output to /dev/tty. For example:
system("timeconfig > /dev/tty < /dev/tty");
System will wait for the program to finish before continuing.
===============================================================================
If the command printf("%s",system($cmd)); doesn't work, check the
httpd.error_log file in your /var/log directory. At my home, the system command
can just load binary files in the directory /usr/lib/apache/bin
Stephan.
===============================================================================
a simple way to include a beep on the server-side whenever a page in viewed.
**contents of 'beeping' page**
require ("beep.php")
**contents of beep.php**
===============================================================================
To have system output from both the STDERR and STDOUT, I've modified the
function posted above by<EMAIL_ADDRESS>function mysystem($command) {
if (!($p=popen("($command)2>&1","r"))) {
return 126;
}
while (!feof($p)) {
$line=fgets($p,1000);
$out .= $line;
}
pclose($p);
return $out;
}
Now you can use mysystem() like;
$var = "cat ".$file;
echo mysystem($var);
$catfile = mysystem($var);
if (ereg("text", $catfile)) {
//stuff here;
}
N.Jones
===============================================================================
If you can't see any output or error from system(), shell_exec() etc, you could
try this:
array('pipe', 'r'), 1=>array('pipe',
'w'), 2=>array('pipe', 'w')), $pipes);
fwrite($pipes[0], $input);fclose($pipes[0]);
$stdout=stream_get_contents($pipes[1]);fclose($pipes[1]);
$stderr=stream_get_contents($pipes[2]);fclose($pipes[2]);
$rtn=proc_close($proc);
return array('stdout'=>$stdout,
'stderr'=>$stderr,
'return'=>$rtn
);
}
var_export(my_exec('echo -e $(
For example, "echo shell_exec('ls');" will get nothing output,
"my_exec('ls');" will get "sh: ls: command not found",
"my_exec('/bin/ls');" will maybe get "sh: /bin/ls: Permission denied",
and the permission may be caused by selinux.
===============================================================================
For your in-house pages, I recommend redirecting stderr to stdout so you'll
know if something goes wrong. Here's a real-life example:
system("/mysql_reboot 2>&1");
===============================================================================
Note to the persons who suggested using backticks for gathering a return value
from scripts via system().
Using Backticks is generally frowned upon for security sake. They can be
exploited more easily.
Instead, why not use the exec() function with a return parameter specified as
an array type. This will allow you to take the full string returned from your
script (for example rsync) and return each line in an array.
like so:
$result = array();
exec( $cmd, &$result);
foreach ( $result as $v )
{
// parse, or do cool stuff
}
Hope this alternative brings you merriment.
===============================================================================
BUGFIX for the mysystem() function, posted by n-jones.
&1","r")){
while (!feof($proc)) $result .= fgets($proc, 1000);
pclose($proc);
return $result;
}
}
?>
Hello from Russia! :)
djem.
===============================================================================
Beware:
if (! system($cmd)) {
print "error";
}
does not work!
Use
if (system($cmd) === false) {
...}
instead!
===============================================================================
I was trying to use the system command, and I couldnt get it to work, then it
occured to me, send the stderr to a file to see what is really happening.
system( $command . " &> /tmp/error " );
===============================================================================
It is possible to only capture the error stream (STERR). Here it goes...
(some_command par1 par2 > /dev/null) 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3
-First STDOUT is redirected to /dev/null.
-By using parenthesis it is possible to gain control over STERR and STOUT
again.
-Then switch STERR with STOUT.
The switch is using the standard variable switch method -- 3 variables
(buckets) are required to swap 2 variables with each other. (you have 2
variables and you need to switch the contents - you must bring in a 3rd
temporary variable to hold the contents of one value so you can properly swap
them).
This link gave me this information:
http://www.cpqlinux.com/redirect.html
===============================================================================
If you are running PHP in a chroot environment then the system (and passthru)
function needs /bin/sh to be located in the chroot as well.
===============================================================================
Seems like php doesn't recognize the -e command line switch for system command
"echo":
returns "-e hello", but you'd expect "hello". Odd thing is that you don't need
to specify -e as it by default enables the interpretation of backslash escapes:
returns:
hello
there
but running the same command from the bash shell:
# echo 'hello\nthere'
returns:
hello\nthere
My guess is that php does some special checks to see if echo is being executed
by the system and automatically adds the -e switch.
===============================================================================
system() will flush the last line retuned from your executed process directly
to the output buffer. This you will see in a double echo if you call 'echo
system(...)' .
To prevent this use exec() instead
or
change output buffering around the call.
===============================================================================
Just a note to dan at thecsl dot org
0 and FALSE are _NOT_ the same.
You can check for false like so:
===============================================================================
The easiest way to run a process in the background under Windows, is to use
system() with the bgrun.exe utility, available from http://www.jukkis.net/bgrun
/
===============================================================================
It's important to note that if you are running a series of system() commands in
a loop, you need to include the second argument in order for them to run
synchonously.
ie)
// this will execute process.php asynchronously; not waiting for completion
before executing the next one.
$array = array('apple', 'banana', 'pear');
foreach($array as $i)
{
system("php process.php \"fruit=$i\"");
}
// this will execute process.php 3 times, waiting for the prior command to
complete before starting a new one
$array = array('apple', 'banana', 'pear');
foreach($array as $i)
{
system("php process.php \"fruit=$i\"", $status);
}
===============================================================================
This is a work-around that makes the program run in it's own directory instead
of the script's.
example usage:
CreateShortcut("temp.lnk");
$oShellLink->TargetPath = $path;
$oShellLink->Arguments = $arguments;
$oShellLink->WorkingDirectory = dirname($path);
$oShellLink->WindowStyle = 1;
$oShellLink->Save();
$oExec = $WshShell->Run("temp.lnk", 7, false);
unset($WshShell,$oShellLink,$oExec);
unlink("temp.lnk");
}
?>
===============================================================================
A more direct approach:
Run(addslashes($path), 7, false);
unset($WshShell,$oExec);
}
?>
===============================================================================
For PHP running inside a Webserver:
When calling a process via
system("your_process &");
to make it running in background, note that this process is killed when the
webserver is restarted.
===============================================================================
For novices remember that the executable has to be in a directory the server is
serving or only local host will be able to access it.
===============================================================================
How to produce a system beep with PHP.
This will not do anything when running through a browser, if running through a
shell it will produce an audible beep $int_beeps times. This should work on
Windows, Unix, etc.
===============================================================================
If you are writing CLI scripts in PHP and call external programs which produce
some kind of progress bar you should really use passthru() for the output of
the external program to go to the terminal immediately.
Such progress bar are usually done by outputing the string with "\r" at the
end, and contain no "\n". system() and friends look for "\n" before flushing
the buffer. As a result, you see nothing during the lengthy operation and
suddenly you get the 100% reading, because all output was buffered and quickly
replayed into the terminal when the final "\n" has been seen.
===============================================================================
An example of using the system to call the file command on a linux server. This
script detects whether a user posted file is a jpeg, gif or png
';
if(!file_exists($uploaddir)){
//Copy the file to some permanent location
if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES["uploadedfile"]["tmp_name"],
$uploaddir))
{
echo $uploaddir." was uploaded!
";
}
else
{
echo "There was a problem when uploding the new file, please
contact admin about this.";
}
}
else echo 'This file already exists in DB please rename file before
uploading';
}
}else echo $_FILES['uploadedfile']['error'].'
';
?>
===============================================================================
It should be noted, too, that "unable to fork" error in Windows also occurs if
you try to send a command that's too long for cmd.exe to process.
===============================================================================
z1a7n8g, your system logging to file function was really useful, but had two
errors:
$line=fgets($fPtr,filesize("yourfile.php");
that line needs a second closing ')'
and:
while ($line)
returns true until your script runs out of memory. Those two lines can be
combined:
while($line=fgets($fPtr,filesize("yourfile.php")));
===============================================================================
You probably want to check your system calls for errors. The convention is to
return 0 for "no error" which is the same as FALSE which can be confusing. You
need to do something like:
$pnm_file";
system($cmd,$return_value);
($return_value == 0) or die("returned an error: $cmd");
?>
===============================================================================
If using Windows with IIS and you're having problems with the system() and
related commands, I found the easiest way to solve it was to modify the
Authentication Method for the file (or directory) that uses the call and change
the anonymous access user from the default (IUSR_IMAGE) to a user with enough
permissions to execute the commands in the system call. This way, there is no
need to give execute permissions to IUSR_IMAGE on cmd.exe (which opens up a
security risk system-wide) or copy cmd.exe into your php directory (per the
suggestions of others). Hope this helps someone!
===============================================================================
I was trying to get the server-side to beep in windows 7. I finally found
something that would work without creating my own EXE.
Create a batch file with at the CMD prompt type:
echo @echo (Alt-7)>beep.bat
Then execute it in PHP with:
exec ('start /MIN c:\your_path_here\beep.bat');
NOTE: The only drawback I can find is that a cmd.exe does visually flash on the
system (which is why I used the /MIN to ensure it only goes to the taskbar).
Not really sure why I don't like that, but it was a side effect that I wasn't
looking for.
===============================================================================
Windows XP (IIS) users: (Unable to fork Problem)
If you receive something like:
Warning: passthru() [function.passthru]: Unable to fork [dir] in c:\Inetpub\
wwwroot\ping.php on line X
1. Copy CMD.EXE file from the Windows\System32\ folder to your PHP directory
(c:\PHP\).
This should fix the problem.
===============================================================================
In combination with Zend Optimizer and Windows 2K/XP some programs may not run
with system(), exec(), etc.
I tried to use a small tool for ejecting the cd tray and it did just nothing.
Disabling Zend Optimizer solved it.
===============================================================================
Under Linux
exec() doesnt follow symbolic link when interpret by httpd...
I have my /home/www/cgi-bin --> soft linked to a samba mounted directory under
/mnt/Downloads/www.site.com/cgi-bin
exec("/home/www/cgi-bin/runProg $a $b");
works ok when I execute the script using > php myscript.php but fails to show
the output when run via the web browser.
When I give it the exact full path without the symbolic link
exec("/mnt/Downloads/www.site.com/cgi-bin/runProg $a $b");
everything works perfectly.
===============================================================================
a really useful use for import(); while running the server at ur own machine is
taking a screenshot of you desktop and showing it to the guest !!!
echo system("/usr/X11R6/bin/import -window root -display localhost:0 /mnt/d/
Desenvolvimento/Desenvolvimento\ WWW/import/cache/imagem.jpg -quality 30" ." 2>
&1");
?>
remember to set chmod 777 to your directory (called "cache" on my code). also
do "xhost +" or you r gonna get a xlib error saying that it could not connect
to x server at localhost...
the code is still too simple. i've just done it. e.g. you can improve a real
cache system avoying more than one screenshot in a minute while...
that is it! hope u enjoy it ( rofl... =DDD ) ...
diogo86
===============================================================================
another reason to use shell_exec instead of system is when the result is
multiple lines such as grep or ls
here is view/source resulting from system call
setprefs.php:// The standard set of color names is:
setprefs.php:// Most browsers accept a wider set of color names
silly.php: //$answer = shell_exec ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
silly.php: $sys = system ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
sys =((silly.php: $sys = system ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");))
and here is view source from using shell_exec instead
answer = setprefs.php:// The standard set of color names is:
setprefs.php:// Most browsers accept a wider set of color names
silly.php: $answer = shell_exec ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
silly.php:// $sys = system ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
===============================================================================
If your PHP installation permits execution of commands through system() (e.g.
you are not running in safe mode, or, if you are, safe_mode_exec_dir contains
all the commands you need), you can trigger a backup of your MySQL database,
just by pointing your browser to the following script:
%s/%s/%s-%s%s%s-%s%s.gz',
$host,
$user,
$pass,
$db,
getenv('DOCUMENT_ROOT'),
$backupdir,
$db,
$year,
$month,
$day,
$hour,
$min
));
echo '+DONE';
?>
If you are not allowed cron access on the web server, you can set up your own
cron job to periodically call the above script. If you don't have cron, or a
similar functionality on your system, you can still modify the above script to
inform the browser to reget the file every xxx hours. A poor man's cron, so to
say ;-)
Of course, the $backupdir should at least be protected with a .htaccess file.
And of course, you are not going to backup a really large database this way, if
your PHP has some timeout set (as is usually the case with web hosters).
===============================================================================
Well system is a pretty interesting and useful function.
This might have been already pointed out by predessors but anyways, for anyone
looking to execute command line queries from php or scripts in general, this
function does the trick.
However while using the command, you have to always think in terms of the
command you are using as the function and the parameters as the arguments.
So say I want to do a 'ls -ls' on /home/sites/sitexyz/www/$username
I could do a
system("ls -la \"/home/sites/sitexyz/www/$username\" ");
Its important to think of this as passing /home/sites/sitexyz/www/
$username as an argument to the function ls -la .
Similarly, you could do a
system("cp -r \"/home/sites/sitexyz/www/$username\" \"/home/sites/sitexyz/www/
$username2\" ");
But you then need to use 'chmod -R 777 to the directory you want to copy it to,
which can be done by a
system("chmod -R 777 \"/home/sites/sitexyz/www/$username2\" ");
Now you can execute all the terminal commans via the php, however do realise
the security concerns of using the same, especially when the operation is going
to preceeded by some user input, so, you need to make sure you filter the
inputs, or better not allow user intervention.
===============================================================================
If you are trying to parse a CGI script to your webserver which needs
arguments, take a look to the virtual() function .. it took me long before i
found out it existed...
It's used like this:
And that works excellent now for me
===============================================================================
If no headers have been printed, calling the system() function will flush the
headers to the client and insert a newline; no further headers or cookies will
be transferred to the browser. In version 3.0.7, you will not be warned that
the Header() function failed, but will be warned if trying to set a cookie. If
you want to continue to send headers after the function call, use exec()
instead.
===============================================================================
If you're having problems with getting imagemagick/convert to work with
ghostscript because the gs executable isn't in the apache PATH, do the
following:
To create a thumb of the first pdf page:
Thanks entropy.ch and phpaladin!
Regards,
Willy T. Koch
Oslo, Norway
===============================================================================
Re: cpmorris at hotmail dot com and WINNT.
I just spent some time learning to use the php system function. I managed to
get long file names to work for me. It seems you need to take the same
approach that batch files, WSH, and most other programming languages do under
WinNT/2K/XP. Putting double quotes around the Path+Filename seems to work.
So, something like this should have worked for you:
"c:\program files\apache group\apache2\bin\htpasswd"
Note that if you have parameters, they go OUTSIDE of the last quote. Oh, and
don't forget to escape the slashes and quotes!
I don't know what htpasswd's params are, but let us pretend:
$cmd="\"c:\\program files\\apache group\\apache2\\bin\\htpasswd\" username
password";
$str=system($cmd);
Hope this helps someone!
Leonard
http:\\www.lc.yi.org
===============================================================================
Hi,
some tips for using a system()-call for batch files on a windows computer:
* Write the path to the executable with double back-slashes, like so:
C:\\path\\to\\prog.exe
* If you are refering to other pathes, e.g. as a parameter, one back-slash
works fine.
* Do not use SET for declaring parameters - this does not work! Example:
SET PATH="C:\path\to\lib"
echo path is %PATH%
This works fine when started from the comand line, but when called from PHP,
the variable is just empty.
===============================================================================
I've found a very useful technique for the system function. Say if you want to
create a page of quotes and you have /usr/games/fortune available. Instead of
spending time creating a database and populating it with thousands of quotes,
you can just use:
likewise if you want to list the files in your directory, say for example,
Mp3's?
basically
===============================================================================
I am currently using a form driven administration
page to start an ftp server remotely from a web page in FreeBSD 4.5 using PHP
4.1.2 & apache 1.3.23. (Sorry guys, no CVS!!)
This code will emulate a CLI command from your browser (anywhere!!) and execute
it if your PHP module/binary has the correct permissions...
//your front end
This works, however it is simple and lacks any error output.
try:
/path/to/yourfile.php);
$fPtr=@fopen("yourfile.php",r);
$line=fgets($fPtr,filesize("yourfile.php");
while ($line)
{
$formatted_line=ereg_replace("your favorite newline semantic","
",$line);
print $formatted_line;
}
?>
Keep in mind the SECURITY implications with the use of this and like scripts.
You've been warned.
===============================================================================
thanks to tr4nc3,
I'm trying to, from the explorer, run an access's macro and this example give
me the solution:
You can execute a .bat file with the especifications that give us tr4nc3.
After, in this .bat file, you can execute msacces.exe and pass /x parameter
with the name of the macro. like this:
"c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c " /x "
At the end of the .bat file you have to put "exit" and the thread will end.
Thanks to tr4nc3!
===============================================================================
Note that for stderr redirection, you have to use double quotes (") not single
quotes (') for the 2>&1 part at least.
//e.g. the this will NOT do what you expect:
exec('mysqldump -h localhost ...... 2>&1', $output);
//but this will:
exec("mysqldump -h localhost ...... 2>&1", $output);
?>
*sigh*
(Sounds like a PHP bug to me..., or at least buggy docs!)


Experimental work by Fred Moser (2018)
Move the cursor over the map of Burkina-Faso to get a travel time estimation, according to the scenario table presented bellow. Click on the the map to create and download the catchment as a vector file.
Download catchment
Enter the maximum of hours allowed in the travel estimate


Cemeteries - USGenWeb Archives
Twiggs County Georgia USGenWeb Archives Project .
http://www.usgwarchives.org/ga/twiggs/cemetery.html
Twiggs County, Georgia Genealogy Links - GA geneology
genealogy links for Twiggs County, Georgia including census records,military records, cemetery..
http://www.genealogylinks.net/usa/georgia/twiggs.htm
Treatment for Herniated or Bulging Discs
Genealogy - Twiggs County, Georgia
Click here to view Twiggs County's American History and Genealogy Project. . site was created by BBRED at Georgia Southern University with Regional ICAPP .
http://www.twiggscounty.us/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=110&Itemid=38
Twiggs County, Georgia | Learn | FamilySearch.org
Cemeteries. Kitchens Cemetery, Macon BillionGraves.
https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Twiggs_County,_Georgia
twiggs county georgia genealogy Herniated or Bulging Discs
84 - Find A Grave Search Results
Records 41 - 80 . Search for "Arnold" at GenealogyBank · Arnold, A H 8657902 b. Mar. 6, 1889 d. Feb. 2, 1940, Mount Zion Cemetery Twiggs County Georgia .
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gsr&GSln=Arnold&GSiman=1&GScnty=525&
Twiggs County Georgia USGenWeb Archives - files.usgwarchive...
Aug 17, 2011 . Twiggs County Probate Court PO Box 307 . Twiggs County was formed 1809 from part of Wilkinson County . Georgia Genealogical Society .
http://usgwarchives.net/ga/twiggs/address.html
Official Impairment Listing for Spinal Disorders
Twiggs County, Georgia Facts, Genealogy, Records & Links
Nov 16, 2012 . Twiggs County Georgia family history research. Find links to record collections history and genealogy resources to help you trace your .
http://www.genealogyinc.com/georgia/twiggs-county/
- online application for ssi (narrowing of the spine)
Twiggs County, Georgia: Genealogy, Census, Vital Records
Nov 26, 2012 . Twiggs County, Georgia: Bibles, biographies, cemeteries, census, genealogy, newspapers, obituaries, vitals: births, marriages, deaths.
http://www.linkpendium.com/genealogy/USA/GA/Twiggs/Twiggs County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau
6 days ago . People QuickFacts, Twiggs County, Georgia. Population definition and source info, Population, 2011 estimate, 8,779, 9,815,210. Population .
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13/13289.html
TWIGGS COUNTY GEORGIA GENEALOGY & HISTORY
Gallemore's Mill (Twiggs County), ca. 1901. This train which ran from Macon to Dublin to Savannah stopped near town of Gallemore, which is between Macon .
http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ga/county/fulton/twiggs/
Twiggs County, Ga. American History and Genealogy Project
Welcome to Twiggs County, Ga. American History and Genealogy Project. The geographic center of Georgia is located here as well as the home of Georgia .
http://www.georgiagenealogy.org/twiggs2/
Medical-Vocational Allowance for Herniated Disc
Twiggs County, GA Genealogy Forum
Re: Twiggs Co., GA to Alabama - Bobbi Chase 3/16/10. Re: Twiggs Co., GA to Alabama - Charles McCutchen 10/31/09. Re: Twiggs Co., GA to .
http://genforum.genealogy.com/ga/twiggs/
Twiggs County, GA GenWeb - RootsWeb
Jun 8, 2012. responsible for this web site. If you have any Twiggs County history or if I can be of any assistance to you in any way, please let me know.
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gatwiggs/
Twiggs County Georgia Cemeteries
Records 1 - 47 of 47 . Twiggs County, Georgia Cemeteries: A listing of all the Cemeteries in Twiggs County, GA with maps, driving directions, and a local area .
http://georgia.hometownlocator.com/features/cultural,class,cemetery,scfips,13289.cfm
Appealing a Denial of Benefits
Twiggs County, GA - BRB Publications, Inc.
Search through our extensive database of Twiggs County public, vital, and criminal . Twiggs County, GA Public Records . Twiggs County Genealogy Records .
http://www.brbpub.com/georgia/twiggs/
Genealogy of Twiggs County, Georgia
Genealogy resources of Twiggs County, Georgia. Authored by Bess Vaughn Clark.
http://www.twiggscounty.com/


Press n or j to go to the next uncovered block, b, p or k for the previous block.
| File | Statements | Branches | Functions | Lines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| agent.js |
|
89.46% | 263/294 | 79.07% | 136/172 | 92.59% | 25/27 | 89.42% | 262/293 |
| block.js |
|
100% | 37/37 | 92% | 23/25 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 37/37 |
| cache.js |
|
100% | 38/38 | 100% | 6/6 | 100% | 8/8 | 100% | 38/38 |
| helpers.js |
|
100% | 124/124 | 98% | 49/50 | 100% | 17/17 | 100% | 124/124 |
| incoming_message.js |
|
100% | 20/20 | 100% | 2/2 | 100% | 2/2 | 100% | 20/20 |
| middlewares.js |
|
100% | 38/38 | 100% | 14/14 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 37/37 |
| observe_read_stream.js |
|
96.67% | 29/30 | 91.67% | 11/12 | 100% | 4/4 | 96.67% | 29/30 |
| observe_write_stream.js |
|
97.62% | 41/42 | 75% | 3/4 | 100% | 5/5 | 97.62% | 41/42 |
| option_converter.js |
|
95.97% | 119/124 | 85.71% | 30/35 | 100% | 14/14 | 95.9% | 117/122 |
| outgoing_message.js |
|
98.08% | 51/52 | 80% | 8/10 | 100% | 5/5 | 98.08% | 51/52 |
| parameters.js |
|
94.44% | 17/18 | 66.67% | 4/6 | 100% | 2/2 | 94.44% | 17/18 |
| polyfill.js |
|
30% | 3/10 | 16.67% | 1/6 | 100% | 1/1 | 42.86% | 3/7 |
| retry_send.js |
|
100% | 46/46 | 100% | 18/18 | 100% | 7/7 | 100% | 46/46 |
| segmentation.js |
|
94.55% | 52/55 | 71.43% | 10/14 | 100% | 8/8 | 94.55% | 52/55 |
| server.js |
|
86.13% | 267/310 | 85.06% | 148/174 | 90.63% | 29/32 | 86.27% | 264/306 |


{% include 'questions/modal_vote.html' with question=question %}
{% include 'questions/header.html' with question=question %}
{% include 'questions/body.html' with question=question %}
{% include 'questions/charts.html' with question=question replies_ordered=replies_ordered %}
{% include 'questions/comments.html' with question=question %}


This will no longer be supported on August 3, 2015
For more information, please read this thread.
It is suggested to use OAuth - it isn't hard to setup!
Snoocore provides a login function that can be used:
var loginPromise = reddit.login({
username: 'yourUsername',
password: 'yourPassword'
});
reddit.login()
can be used without options if the information is specified in the initial config:
var reddit = new Snoocore({
userAgent: 'logonTest',
login: { username: 'yourUsername', password: 'yourPassword' }
});
var loginPromise = reddit.login();
If needed, rem and api_type can be passed in as well. They default to true and json respectively.
A function logout
is provided if the functionality is needed.
var logoutPromise = reddit.logout();
It is also possible to login with a modhash & cookie:
var loginPromise = reddit.login({
modhash: 'yourModhash',
cookie: 'yourCookie'
});
It is possible to get the modhash and cookie when logging in with the username and password:
var loginPromise = reddit.login({
username: 'yourUsername',
password: 'yourPasswd'
}).then(function(result) {
console.log(result.json.data.modhash);
console.log(result.json.data.cookie);
});
Feeling pure? It is also possible to use the reddit API directly as well.
Simply apply the basic usage guidelines and make a call to POST /api/login
:
var loginPromise = reddit('/api/login').post({
user: 'yourUsername',
passwd: 'yourPassword',
rem: true,
api_type: 'json'
});


George R.R. Martin's best-selling book series "A Song of Ice and Fire" is brought to the screen as HBO sinks its considerable storytelling teeth into the medieval fantasy epic. It's the depiction of two powerful families -- kings and queens, knights and renegades, liars and honest men -- playing a deadly game for control of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, and to sit atop the Iron Throne.
It has an unpredictable story line that will make your heart beat at the speed of light. It's a mix of fantasy, action, adventure and suspense with the typical elements of drama and romance. Set in the middle/dark ages in an alternate universe, the story is about a bunch of strong families (known as 'houses') who want to ascend the Iron Throne (the throne on which the ruler of the seven kingdoms sit) Basically it's a story of cunning power play where everyone tries to one up each other. It's full of sly and strategic planning where you can trust no one. However, it doesn't stop to that. It has a healthy mix of fantasy elements like Dragons, magical creatures and hints of of magic to make it more interesting; with parallel story lines to enrich it. Visit here for more information
I could write a big rant about him, because he is one of the best actors out there and totally underrated just because his role hasn’t gained that much attention and liking! Theon Greyjoy had a character development like no one else. He started off as a cocky boy, transformed into an emotional wrack and into Reek, back to an entirely new personality.
-Like Daenerys or not, you can’t deny that Emilia seems like a fantastic person in real life. Daenerys doesn’t show a lot of emotions - and I understand the critism aimed at her character/acting, but Emilia is totally different (at least
in
interviews and at appearances)
Just go to Youtube and search up some of her interviews: they are great and she’s so hilarious.
Tyrion is one of the few characters left to root for, and in his performance, Peter Dinklage proves that it was the role he was born to play. Dinklage’s performance is bigger compared to some of the others on the show, and that totally works for his character. As the series goes on, Tyrion faces more and more physical and internal battles, which shows off Dinklage’s range more than it did in earlier seasons
“Never forget what you are, for surely the world will not. Make it your strength. Then it can never be your weakness. Armour yourself in it, and it will never be used to hurt you.” George R.R. Martin, A Game of Thrones
As the show has gotten more and more ambitious, the budget has reflected that shift as well. During season 2, the average budget per episode was $6 million USD. For season 6, that went all the way up to $10 million USD — making the entire season’s production budget $100 million USD.


interface SearchForSSIDCallbacks : BaseCallback
Callbacks for finding a nearby SSID on a device.
See Also
com.isupatches.wisefy.WiseFy.searchForSSID
Author
Patches
Since
3.0
abstract fun ssidFound(ssid: String): Unit
Called when WiseFy has successfully found an access point with a matching SSID. |
|
abstract fun ssidNotFound(): Unit
Called when WiseFy times out trying to find an access point with a matching SSID. |
abstract fun wisefyFailure(wisefyFailureCode: Int): Unit
Called when com.isupatches.wisefy.WiseFyPrechecks determines that there is an issue and an operation cannot be completed. |


{% extends '_layouts/cp' %} {% set selectedSubnavItem = 'manage' %} {% set fullPageForm = true %} {% set showFilters = allFilters|filter(f => f.show)|length != 0 %} {% import '_includes/forms' as forms %} {% block actionButton %}
{{ 'No filters match this event.'|t('webhooks') }}


Welcome to example cafe. We will be developing this site throughout the book.
With stunning views of the ocean, Example Cafe offers the perfect environment to unwind and recharge the batteries.
Our menu offers a wide range of breakfasts, brunches and lunches, including a range of vegetarian options.
Whether you sip on a fresh, hot coffee or a cooling smoothie, you never need to feel rushed - relax with friends or just watch the world go by.
This weekend, our season of special brunches continues with scrambled egg on an English muffin. Not for the faint-hearted, the secret to these eggs is that they are made with half cream and cooked in butter, with no more than four eggs in the pan at a time.