Non DI Aware Scenarios¶
The data protection system is normally designed to be added to a service container and to be provided to dependent components via a DI mechanism. However, there may be some cases where this is not feasible, especially when importing the system into an existing application.
To support these scenarios the package Microsoft.AspNet.DataProtection.Extensions provides a concrete type DataProtectionProvider which offers a simple way to use the data protection system without going through DI-specific code paths. The type itself implements IDataProtectionProvider, and constructing it is as easy as providing a DirectoryInfo where this provider’s cryptographic keys should be stored.
For example:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 | using System;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.AspNet.DataProtection;
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
// get the path to %LOCALAPPDATA%\myapp-keys
string destFolder = Path.Combine(
Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
"myapp-keys");
// instantiate the data protection system at this folder
var dataProtectionProvider = new DataProtectionProvider(
new DirectoryInfo(destFolder));
var protector = dataProtectionProvider.CreateProtector("Program.No-DI");
Console.Write("Enter input: ");
string input = Console.ReadLine();
// protect the payload
string protectedPayload = protector.Protect(input);
Console.WriteLine($"Protect returned: {protectedPayload}");
// unprotect the payload
string unprotectedPayload = protector.Unprotect(protectedPayload);
Console.WriteLine($"Unprotect returned: {unprotectedPayload}");
}
}
/*
* SAMPLE OUTPUT
*
* Enter input: Hello world!
* Protect returned: CfDJ8FWbAn6...ch3hAPm1NJA
* Unprotect returned: Hello world!
*/
|
Warning
By default the DataProtectionProvider concrete type does not encrypt raw key material before persisting it to the file system. This is to support scenarios where the developer points to a network share, in which case the data protection system cannot automatically deduce an appropriate at-rest key encryption mechanism.
Additionally, the DataProtectionProvider concrete type does not isolate applications by default, so all applications pointed at the same key directory can share payloads as long as their purpose parameters match.
The application developer can address both of these if desired. The DataProtectionProvider constructor accepts an optional configuration callback which can be used to tweak the behaviors of the system. The sample below demonstrates restoring isolation via an explicit call to SetApplicationName, and it also demonstrates configuring the system to automatically encrypt persisted keys using Windows DPAPI. If the directory points to a UNC share, you may wish to distribute a shared certificate across all relevant machines and to configure the system to use certificate-based encryption instead via a call to ProtectKeysWithCertificate.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | using System;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.AspNet.DataProtection;
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
// get the path to %LOCALAPPDATA%\myapp-keys
string destFolder = Path.Combine(
Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
"myapp-keys");
// instantiate the data protection system at this folder
var dataProtectionProvider = new DataProtectionProvider(
new DirectoryInfo(destFolder),
configuration =>
{
configuration.SetApplicationName("my app name");
configuration.ProtectKeysWithDpapi();
});
var protector = dataProtectionProvider.CreateProtector("Program.No-DI");
Console.Write("Enter input: ");
string input = Console.ReadLine();
// protect the payload
string protectedPayload = protector.Protect(input);
Console.WriteLine($"Protect returned: {protectedPayload}");
// unprotect the payload
string unprotectedPayload = protector.Unprotect(protectedPayload);
Console.WriteLine($"Unprotect returned: {unprotectedPayload}");
}
}
|
Tip
Instances of the DataProtectionProvider concrete type are expensive to create. If an application maintains multiple instances of this type and if they’re all pointing at the same key storage directory, application performance may be degraded. The intended usage is that the application developer instantiate this type once then keep reusing this single reference as much as possible. The DataProtectionProvider type and all IDataProtector instances created from it are thread-safe for multiple callers.


Save one or more music ratings sumbitted by a particular user.
[Not implemented yet]The request method is POST.
For example:
POST /sonoma/songRatings HTTP/1.1 Host: dev5:8888 Authorization: Basic YWxleGFuZGVyLmoucnlhbkBnbWFpbC5jb206YmVhc3Q=
Note: This service requires that the user be authenticated.
One way to pass data to a service is via the body of the HTTP request.
This service passes data in this fashion in a JSON data structure.
An example of the data structure and a detailed description of its elements follows...
POST /sonoma/songRatings HTTP/1.1 Host: dev5:8888 Authorization: Basic YWxleGFuZGVyLmoucnlhbkBnbWFpbC5jb206YmVhc3Q= [ { "title": "Imagine", "artist": "John Lennon", "rating": 4 }, { "title": "Like a rolling stone", "artist": "Bob Dylan", "rating": 2 } ]
Data in the JSON ...
| title (required) |
The title of the song. This title should match the title of a song in the GraceNote database. |
| artist (required) |
The name of the artist who created the song. This artist name should matche the name of an artist in the GraceNote database. |
| rating (required) |
An integer between 1 to 5. How many stars did the user give the song? |
The following response codes are possible from this service.
(Client code must handle each of them.):
The content of the body of the HTTP Response will always be JSON.
Therefore, the following header will always be sent:
Content-Type: application/json
The body of the response should always contain JSON.
The type of JSON returned varies by the response code.
5 types of JSON are possible.
If the service executed successfully
JSON like the following will be returned in the body of the response:
HTTP/1.0 201 Created Content-Type: "application/json" { "numberOfRecordsReceived": 4, "numberOfRecordsProcessed": 4, "numberOfErrors": 0, "errors": [] }
HTTP/1.0 207 Multi-status Content-Type: "application/json" { "numberOfRecordsReceived": 3, "numberOfRecordsProcessed": 1, "numberOfErrors": 2, "errors": [ { "record": "1", "errorCode": 400, "errorMessage": "rating was not specified" }, { "record": "3", "errorCode": 400, "errorMessage": "artist was not specified" } ] }
If there was a major error in the request that prevents us from even processing it,
the standard JSON describing the error will be returned in the body of the response:
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request { "errorCode": 1, "errorMessage": "INVALID JSON", "data": "No JSON was POSTed!" }
If a valid username/password was not passed via the Basic Authentication mechanism, this error code will be returned.
HTTP/1.1 401 Not Authorized WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="alpineconnectivity.com" { "errorCode": 401, "errorMessage": "Not Authorized", "data": "Authorization header was not found." }
If there was a major error on the server that prevents us fulfilling to the request,
the standard JSON describing the error will be returned in the body of the response:
HTTP/1.1 500 Server Error { "errorCode": 3, "errorMessage": "SERVER ERROR", "data": "Error inserting record into the database.." }


%----%>
This is the Bootstrap, using it can make responsive web design This is the Bootstrap, using it can make responsive web design This is the Bootstrap, using it can make responsive web design This is the Bootstrap, using it can make responsive web design using it can make responsive web design using it can make responsive web design


Cover is a one-page template for building simple and beautiful home pages. Download, edit the text, and add your own fullscreen background photo to make it your own.
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Cover template for Bootstrap, by @mdo.


class CallbackResult<T> : Callback<T>
Helper for connecting the Retrofit2 Callback into Result completion |
|
class CallbackResultConvert<T : ApiResultInterface, R> : Callback<T>
Helper for connecting the Retrofit2 Callback into Result completion with a convertion of the data received |
|
sealed class Result<out V, out E>
Used to represent whether a sdk operation was successful or encountered an error |


It is often desirable to have random number generator when generating images.
- In shaders we have to take care of that ourselves
- Essentially we are interested in an output that is random enough
Essentially we are "faking" randomness but what is random anyways?
- We are interested in non-predictable values (high entropy)
- Deterministic: Same input will always be same output
- The same in most other programming languages as well they, they just use a seed
- Deterministic random actually beneficial, reproducable results
Lets say we want to generate a random 2D image:
Lets use try to influence this outcome by
- u_time or u_mouse
- Floor, ...?
Can we combine this with some shapes or for loops?


We are a team of developers who love HTML and CSS. As part our Code Fellows CF 201 project, we developed the game "Feed a Shark". This is a simple game where the gamer can accumulate points by eating as many fishes in the stipulated time. There are 3 levels, and also you can always refer to the high score page to look at the highest scorers. Below are the developers, please click on the picture to check out their GitHub profile. Thanks for playing and enjoy. Lets Game!!!!!


Barriecito is an evolution of the Barrio project, adding lowercase. The amateur appearance conveys a friendly and authentic tone which works well for hand crafted products and billboards. It also works well on screens at headline sizes.
To contribute, see github.com/Omnibus-Type/Barrio/tree/master/Barriecito


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var isFinished: Boolean
Returns whether the zoomer has finished zooming.
Return True if the zoomer has finished zooming, false otherwise.


srf-dnm_three.js samples link
- srf_three.js sample1
- This is a normal sample with my srf model.
- srf_three.js sample2
- This is a polygon,has more than 5 vertex, sample & using EasyModel() function sample
- dnm_three.js sample
- This is a sample with my dnm model. You can change 'STA'.


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The blue text below is fetched from Netlify's Environment Variables.If I didn't just show it here, you wouldn't be able to find it anywhere.
Call your APIs in the lambda function I taught you to create and enjoy having a backend without having a backend!


Endless Plains [ag78], plain, in Imperia, peasants: 120
Last updated Turn #112
Endless Plains [ag78], plain, in Imperia, peasants: 120
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5: Pleasure Sloop [v5n], ship, 30 hulls, 1 rowing port, 90 sails,
5: 10% damaged, arrived from Ocean [ag79], owner:
5: Dorothy [v1b], Pen, with one worker, 30 soldiers, 94 sailors,
5: accompanied by:
5: Cindy [z1c], Pen, with 14 peasants, 40 soldiers
6: Pleasure Sloop [v5n], ship, 30 hulls, 1 rowing port, 90 sails,
6: 10% damaged, departed for Ocean [af78].
13: Horde of rats [dj2r], rats, number: 40, went west.
26: It has become quite windy.
30: The population grows by one peasant.
Routes leaving Endless Plains:
North, to Ocean [af78], Crystal Sea, 2 days
East, to Ocean [ag79], Crystal Sea, 2 days
South, to Ocean [ah78], Crystal Sea, 2 days
West, plain, to Endless Plains [ag77], 7 days
It is windy.
Seen here:
Stack of wights [be4l], wights, number: 29
Stack of nazgul [hq2m], nazgul, number: 3


{% extends "polybookexchange/base.html" %}
{% load i18n %}
{% block title %}{{block.super}} :: {% trans "New candidate" %}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
{% trans "Add a new candidate to sell" %}
{% if error %}
{% trans "There was an error submiting your book. Did you filled all fields ? Please try again." %}
{% endif %}
{% trans "This page is the first step in the process to sell your book. You will pre-register the book in our database. You will then get a recepie that you need to bring your book at AGEPoly's desk." %}
{% trans "One the book submited, you have 14 days to bring it to the AGEPoly's desk!" %}


# File vendor/plugins/active_scaffold/lib/helpers/form_column_helpers.rb, line 172 def active_scaffold_input_boolean(column, options) select_options = [] select_options << [as_('- select -'), nil] if column.column.null select_options << [as_('True'), true] select_options << [as_('False'), false] select_tag(options[:name], options_for_select(select_options, @record.send(column.name))) end


Orhtopaedic
Orthopedic is the branch concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system.
Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal
trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases,infections,tumors, and congenital
disorders.
Types of Orthopaedic problems operated:
-Hand Surgery
-Spine Surgery
-Foot and ankle Surgery
-Pediatrics orthopaedics
-Musculoskeletal Surgery
-Hand Surgery
Doctors Concern:


realtimeweb.simplebusiness.domain
Class Business
Object
realtimeweb.simplebusiness.domain.Business
public class Business
- extends Object
Information about a specific earthquake.
|
Constructor Summary |
Business(Map<String,Object> raw)
Internal constructor to create a Business from a json representation. |
| Methods inherited from class Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
Business
public Business(Map<String,Object> raw)
- Internal constructor to create a Business from a json representation.
- Parameters:
map
- The raw json data that will be parsed.
getRating
public Double getRating()
setRating
public void setRating(Double rating)
getDescription
public String getDescription()
setDescription
public void setDescription(String description)
getPhone
public String getPhone()
setPhone
public void setPhone(String phone)
getLocation
public String getLocation()
setLocation
public void setLocation(String location)
getId
public String getId()
setId
public void setId(String id)
getName
public String getName()
setName
public void setName(String name)
toString
public String toString()
- Creates a string based representation of this Business.
- Overrides:
toString
in class Object
- Returns:
- String


Preparation time
30 mins to 1 hour
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 8
We love this popular dim sum dish of parcels of steamed lotus leaves filled with sticky rice, Chinese sausages, chicken, pork and vegetables.
Line a bamboo steamer with parchment paper perforated with holes (or a banana leaf or cabbage leaf). Fill a wok approximately half-way with water so that the steamer will be sitting above the water without touching. Bring the water to a boil, cover the rice and steam for about 20 minutes. Remove the rice, cover and keep warm while preparing the rest of the ingredients.
Soften the dried mushrooms by soaking in a bowl of hot water for 20-30 minutes. Squeeze out any excess water, remove the stems and finely chop.
Cut the chicken into small cubes about the size of a postage stamp. Season the chicken and pork with salt.
Heat a wok and add the oil for frying. When the oil is hot, add the garlic and stir fry until aromatic (about 30 seconds). Add the chicken cubes and pork. Stir fry until they turn white and are 80 percent cooked through.
Add the sausages and the drained mushrooms. Stir fry for another minute.
In a small bowl, combine the rice wine with the light soy and dark soy sauce. In a separate small bowl, dissolve the cornflour in one tablespoon of water, and whisk it into the sauce.
Give the sauce mixture a quick re-stir and then add it to the wok, stirring quickly to thicken. Season with pepper, to taste. Cook for 1-2 more minutes to mix everything together and heat through. Remove from the heat and stir in the sesame oil. Leave to cool.
To make the wraps, separate the rice and the filling into eight equal sections, one section for each wrap.  Place a portion of the rice mixture into the centre of a lotus leaf. Add the meat and vegetable mixture over the top, shaping the rice with your hands so that it forms a ring around the filling. Add more rice to cover.
Form a square parcel with the lotus leaf and tie it up with kitchen string. Repeat with the remaining lotus leaves.
Steam the lotus leaf parcels, covered, on a heatproof plate in a bamboo steamer for 15 minutes, or until they are cooked through. Serve at once.


Map
Slogan
Header Paragraph
Map
Location
Menu
Allergies
Vaccinations
Medications
Medical History
Surgical History
Allergies
Food
Link
Type
Reaction
Drugs
Type
Reaction
Substance
Type
Reaction


CSS Selectors let you select individual elements in HTML document. This is superuseful.
Classes are super important , since they allow you to select arbitrary boxes in your HTML document.
We'll also be talkinh about links in this example,so here's Interneting is Hard for us to style.  Guide to Personal Values – An in-depth look at how we come to value the things we value and how this affects who we are. How to Grow Up – A step-by-step breakdown of the psychology of growth and development. A look at how humans mature and grow through experience and self-questioning. The One Rule for Life – What makes an action right or wrong? What makes a person good or bad? Well, there’s a rule for that.  The 3 Levels of Self-Awareness – Are you self-aware? Are you sure? Because you’re probably not as self-aware as you think you are. Why the Best Things in Life Are Backwards – There’s an odd tendency in our psychology where the more we desire something the harder it is to get. The Disease of More – Hedonic treadmills, baselines of happiness, constant dissatisfaction, it’s the disease of more. And we’re all afflicted. Life Purpose
7 Strange Questions that Help You Find Your Life Purpose – The best place to start if you’re questioning what you’re meant to be doing in this world. The Most Important Question of Your Life – What is the most important question to be asking yourself? I would argue it’s this. Screw Finding Your Passion – Everyone wants to find their passion these days, but what does that really mean? The Four Stages of Life – We all tend to move through similar stages in our lives. Here’s a fun look at how time and experience change us. Healthy Relationships
Love Is Not Enough – We all worship love in our culture, but the truth is that a healthy relationship needs far more than just love.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block head %} {% endblock %} {% block page_title %} Pay the Dartford Crossing charge (Dart Charge) - GOV.UK {% endblock %} {% block content %} Pay the Dartford Crossing charge (Dart Charge) Enter your vehicle's registration Vehicle registration number Next {% endblock %} {% block footer_top %} {% include "includes/contact/dart.html" %} {% endblock %}


Revenge reboot in the works - with fan favourite from original series to return
ABC drama series Revenge, which starred Emily VanCamp and Madeleine Stowe, is going to be the latest show to get the reboot treatment
by Courtney Pochin, https://www.facebook.com/courtneypochinmirror/?modal=admin_todo_tourCalling all Revenge fans! One of your favourite characters might soon be back on your television screen.
According to reports, the hit American drama show is set to get a reboot at ABC Studios with the show's original crator, Mike Kelley on board.
The network is reportedly working on a follow-up to the series, which saw Emily VanCamp star as Emily Thorne/Amanda Clarke, a young woman who moves to the Hamptons seeking revenge for her father's false imprisonment.
The gripping series ran for four seasons from 2011 to 2015 and also starred Madeleine Stowe, Gabriel Mann, Nick Wechsler and Josh Bowman.
Not much is known about the reboot, except that it is set to focus around a Latinx lead character and a fan favourite from the original is likely to reprise their role.
Deadline reports: "Revenge chronicles the story of a young Latinx immigrant.
"Guided by one of the original series' favourite characters, she arrives in Malibu to exact revenge on a Sackler-esque pharmaceutical dynasty, whose insatiable greed lead to the murder of her biochemist mother, the destruction of her family and a global epedemic."
The "guiding" character is yet to be named, but fans will likely be hoping to see tech genius Nolan Ross (Mann) return or possibly his wealthy pal Louise Ellis (Elena Satine).
People on Twitter had mixed feelings about the reboot.
Some were excited by the prospect.
"I miss Emily Thorne and her revengenda every day. So excited about this potential #Revenge reboot news, as long as @EmilyVanCamp makes an appearance," wrote one person.
Another simply proclaimed: "REVENGE REBOOT OMG."
However others didn't see the point in it.
 "These reboots are getting ridiculous."
A different person replied: "How about instead of a reboot y'all just give us the Nolan spinoff we should've gotten in the first place."
A third added: "Please don't reboot Revenge. Y'all not gonna top Miss Emily Thorne/Amanda Clarke."


public final class ProverQueryBuilder
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private static GdlConstant |
DOES |
private static GdlConstant |
GOAL |
private static GdlRelation |
INIT_QUERY |
private static GdlConstant |
LEGAL |
private static GdlRelation |
NEXT_QUERY |
private static GdlRelation |
ROLE_QUERY |
private static GdlProposition |
TERMINAL_QUERY |
private static GdlVariable |
VARIABLE |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
ProverQueryBuilder() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static java.util.Set<GdlSentence> |
getContext(MachineState state) |
static java.util.Set<GdlSentence> |
getContext(MachineState state,
java.util.List<Role> roles,
java.util.List<Move> moves) |
static GdlRelation |
getGoalQuery(Role role) |
static GdlRelation |
getInitQuery() |
static GdlRelation |
getLegalQuery(Role role) |
static GdlRelation |
getNextQuery() |
static GdlRelation |
getRoleQuery() |
static GdlProposition |
getTerminalQuery() |
static GdlRelation |
toDoes(Role role,
Move move) |
private static final GdlConstant DOES
private static final GdlConstant GOAL
private static final GdlRelation INIT_QUERY
private static final GdlConstant LEGAL
private static final GdlRelation NEXT_QUERY
private static final GdlRelation ROLE_QUERY
private static final GdlProposition TERMINAL_QUERY
private static final GdlVariable VARIABLE
public static java.util.Set<GdlSentence> getContext(MachineState state)
public static java.util.Set<GdlSentence> getContext(MachineState state, java.util.List<Role> roles, java.util.List<Move> moves)
public static GdlRelation getGoalQuery(Role role)
public static GdlRelation getInitQuery()
public static GdlRelation getLegalQuery(Role role)
public static GdlRelation getNextQuery()
public static GdlRelation getRoleQuery()
public static GdlProposition getTerminalQuery()
public static GdlRelation toDoes(Role role, Move move)


Definition at line 17 of file MapEditor.hpp.
◆ MapParams() [1/2]
| TouhouFanGame::MapEditor::MapParams::MapParams |
( |
| ) |
|
|
default |
◆ MapParams() [2/2]
| TouhouFanGame::MapEditor::MapParams::MapParams |
( |
const Map & |
map | ) |
|
Definition at line 17 of file MapEditor.cpp.
19 solid(map._solidBorders),
24 std::memcpy(this->
links, map._links,
sizeof(this->links));
◆ links
| unsigned short TouhouFanGame::MapEditor::MapParams::links[4] |
◆ music
| std::string TouhouFanGame::MapEditor::MapParams::music |
◆ size
| Vector2<unsigned short> TouhouFanGame::MapEditor::MapParams::size |
◆ solid
| bool TouhouFanGame::MapEditor::MapParams::solid |
◆ tilemap
| std::string TouhouFanGame::MapEditor::MapParams::tilemap |
◆ tilesize
| unsigned char TouhouFanGame::MapEditor::MapParams::tilesize |
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following files:


Registration Complete!
Hi {{appComponent.loggedInUser.firstName}}!
You are now a registered user of Anudan - A Grant Management Tool. You can see all the open RFPs, Apply for a Grant and Manage the Grant at same place.
Setup Organization Details
Take me to the link


In previous chapters we have seen a variety of utility procedures for initialising symbol tables, for reading numbers, identifiers and special characters, for reporting errors and for other purposes. To keep the programs short, only minimal utilities were provided. In no two programs were the utilities sufficiently large and sufficiently complex to warrant collecting them in a common library of utilities. The payoff becomes different when the utilities are large and useful in several different programs. In fact, one may taylor the programs to use as many portions of the utilities as possible, and to accept that some portions will not be used. This is the approach we shall use in the remainder of this book. In this chapter we design and implement some general utilities, in the remaining chapters we use them.
A scanner: The core of the utilities is a scanner, a procedure which reads characters from the input file, assembles short groups of them into symbols such as numbers in decimal or other notation, quoted single characters, quoted strings of characters, identifiers, reserved words and sequences of special characters such as punctuation and other symbols. Reserved words and sequences of special symbols should be looked up in a table; identifiers should not be looked up because the required details are likely to vary in different applications. The scanner must also handle comments.
Directives:
For many purposes it is useful to let the scanner handle directives.
These are special purpose instructions to the scanner
to affect its behaviour.
They are not passed on to the parser,
indeed as far as the parser is concerned they are invisible just like
comments.
One important directive is the INCLUDE
directive
which tells the scanner to suspend reading from the input file
and to start reading from another.
When the end of that file is reached,
reading resumes from the previous file.
It should be possible to nest such inclusions.
Also useful is a LISTING
directive which can set an internal
variable so that any input is copied to a listing file
and any output goes not only to the output file but is also
copied to the listing file.
In special cases one might want the listing file
to contain debugging information,
so it is desirable to have levels of listing.
As in any programming language,
a conditional IF
directive can be useful.
The kind chosen here is the simplest,
it applies only to lines in the input file.
When the IF
part evaluates to true, the remainder of the input line
is processed, otherwise it is skipped.
A collection of variables A .. Z
can have integer values assigned
to them with the SET
directive.
For numbers in alternative notation,
the radix can be set to any value between 2 and 36 inclusive.
Errors: Any error messages should in the first place go to the output file, which may be the user terminal or a disk file. But, if a listing is being produced, error messages should also go to the listing file. It is best if error messages actually point to where in the input line the error occurred. So, for errors reported to the output file, the input line should be repeated and a pointer placed under the position of the error. In the listing file the line should not be repeated if it is the first error in that line. However, for second and later errors in the same line it is more informative if the line is repeated in the output file and the listing file. In the listing file all lines that are copied from the input should be given line numbers, and all error reports should give the offending line together with its line number.
Other utilities: Any program that uses the scanner will have to enter reserved words into a table; it is useful to include a procedure which enters one reserved word per call (and checks for overflow). A similar procedure is useful for user declared identifiers. Programs that make use of the utilities should not have to bother about the listing file. Any output should be handled by the utilities, writing to the output file and, if necessary, to the listing file.
To make the utilities flexible, some declarations have to occur before the file of utilities can be read in. These declarations are specific to the particular use to which the utilities are being put. Hence these declarations have to occur in the program which uses the utilities, before the utilities file is being included. The details should be apparent in the programs in the next three chapters.
Many of the names or identifiers are similar to those in PLZERO of Wirth (1976) and Wirth's PASCALS decribed in Berry(1982).
By far the largest procedure is the scanner, procedure getsym
.
It reads characters from the current input file and assembles
them into symbols.
The reading is actually done by a local procedure getch
which is
described below.
Procedure getsym
begins by skipping
any non-printing characters
and then uses a CASE
statement to dispatch on the current
character in the global variable ch
.
Some of the cases are familiar from previous programs.
Each of the cases assigns a value to the global
variable sym
which is of the enumeration type symbol.
Some of the cases also assign an integer value
to the global variable num.
These two variables constitute the principal output
of the scanner.
Single characters:
If ch
is a single quote character,
then this signals a character constant.
Following the quote is normally an ordinary character,
and then the global variable num
is set to the ordinal value
of that character.
However, if the character following is the backslash \
,
then the ordinal value returned in variable num
is given by a numeric scan-time expression.
In most cases this will be a literal number,
for example '\65
is equivalent to 'A
.
However, following the backslash can be an expression
computed at scan-time by a local function value
described below.
Character strings:
If ch
is a double quote character,
then what is being read is a string constant.
While the next character is not the terminating double quote
character, further characters are read and stored in a large array
of characters which is made to hold all strings that are read.
The start position of the current string is recorded in a further
integer array
of starting positions,
and the next value in this array gives the starting position of
the next string that will be read.
The index in this integer array is assigned to the global variable
num.
Hence the length and content of the currently read string
can be determined by using the value of num
and num+1
as indices into the integer array.
The values recorded there can then be used
to retrieve the string from the large character array.
This part of the scanner is not being used in the three
programs in this book which use the utilities,
but it has been used elsewhere.
Parentheses and comments:
These are handled as in previous programs:
(*
signals a comment and causes skipping up to the closing *)
and a GOTO
the beginning of the scanner.
A left parenthesis character without a following asterisk
is just a parenthesis symbol.
Signed numbers and hyphens:
If ch
is a decimal digit character or a hyphen -
,
then the symbol is either just the hyphen symbol
in case it is not followed by digits,
or it is a negative number in case it is followed by digits,
or it is a positive number in case there is no preceding -
.
So, if there is no leading -
,
then the number being read is not to be negated,
and a Boolean flag is set to that effect.
Otherwise the flag is set to eventually negate the number being read,
if indeed there is one.
If there are no digits immediately after the -
,
then the symbol is just a hyphen,
and a GOTO
the end of the scanner is effected.
Otherwise a string of decimal digits is read as normal,
and the number is possibly negated.
Numbers in alternative radix:
For some purposes it is useful to be able to read numbers
in other than decimal notation but in a different radix.
Such numerals are signalled by a leading &
.
The default alternative radix is 2,
but it can be set by a directive %RADIX N
,
where N is a scan-time expression whose value
is between 2 and 36 inclusive.
Digits beyond 9
are taken to be A
.. Z
;
so hexadecimal uses A
.. F
.
Reading successive digits is very similar to reading
decimal notation,
instead of multiplying values by 10
they have to be multiplied by the alternative radix.
A minor complication arises because in ASCII
the character sequence 0
..9
is not immediately followed by A
.. Z
,
there is a gap which has to be taken care of.
If a digit exceeds the maximum allowed for the current radix,
then an error has to be signalled.
Identifiers:
If ch
is a lowercase letter,
the symbol being read is an identifier.
The letter and any further lowercase letters, digits and underscores
are collected into a short variable of type ident
which are strings whose length is determined by a CONST
defined in the program which includes the utilities.
No lookup is performed.
Directives:
If ch
is a %
, then procedure directive
is called,
see below.
Other cases:
If ch
is anything else,
a catch-all case is entered.
If ch
is an uppercase letter, then it and any further letters, digits
and underscores are collected into a string.
If ch
is any other special character,
then it together with any further special characters that are likely
to occur as further characters in combinations such as
:=
, <=
or ..
are collected into a string.
The string starting with an uppercase letter or a special character
is then used to search a table of reserved words.
If it is found there,
then the variable sym
is set to what is recorded in the table,
otherwise it is treated just like an identifier starting with
a lowercase letter.
The various directives have been implemented as a cascade
of IF-THEN-ELSE-IF..
statements in Pascal.
It would have been possible and more efficient to use a binary
search through a table of directives.
However, directives do not occur often,
hence their efficiency is a minor issue.
The method used here is just a little simpler to implement.
This completes the cases of the body of the scanner. There are three routines local to the scanner: a procedure for obtaining the next character, a function for computing values of scan-time expressions, and a procedure for executing directives.
Procedure getch:
The scanner getsym
does not read the input file directly
but obtains the next character from a procedure which
deposits a new character in a global variable ch
.
Because error messages to the output file should
point to the position in the current input line,
it is necessary to retain all of the current input line
in a global string buffer.
Two global integer variables are made to point into this buffer,
one records the total length, the other the current position.
Procedure getch
starts by examining whether the buffer is empty.
This will be true if the current position is equal to the total length.
If it is, a new line will have to be read into the buffer.
But first an adjustment might have to be made to the current line number
in case the immediately preceding directive was an INCLUDE
directive,
or in case the preceding line was the last line in an included file.
In the first case the line number is set to zero.
In the second case it has to be set back to what it was
in the file containing the INCLUDE
directive
which originally caused the inclusion.
Because inclusions can be nested,
a small global stack is used for names of included files,
the last line number in the file, and,
most importantly, the file variable itself.
Only after this adjustment can the line number be incremented,
and buffer length and position be set to zero.
The line buffer is then filled from the current input file,
but the details vary depending on whether this is the initial
input file or an included file.
If the stack of included files is empty,
the reading occurs from the initial input file.
If the end of file has been reached,
an error is signalled.
Otherwise characters are read into the line buffer
until the end of line is encountered.
On the other hand, if the stack of included files is not empty,
then reading occurs from the current included file.
No error is reported if the end of that file is reached.
But if after the line has been read the end of file is reached,
then the included file is closed and the adjustment flag is
set to pop the stack of included files when the next line is read.
This concludes the steps that have to be taken
when getch
finds the line buffer empty.
At any rate, the line buffer will not be empty now.
The current position is incremented,
and ch
is assigned the character value from
the buffer at the current position.
Function value:
This function computes integer values of scan-time expressions written
in prefix notation.
It is called by the scanner when handling the backslash \
in character constants and string constants,
and by the procedure which handles directives.
The function calls getch
until ch
is a printing character.
If it is a character that can start a number or a single character,
then it calls getsym
recursively and returns whatever getsym
deposits in the global variable num.
If the character is an uppercase letter,
then it returns the value retrieved from an array of integer values
that would have been assigned there by a previous SET
directive.
Parentheses can be used for readability,
but are not necessary for prefix notation.
The special characters +
, -
, *
and /
have their
obvious meaning as binary arithmetic operators,
they result in two recursive calls to the function
and then a computation of the value.
The characters =
, >
and <
are interpreted as
relational operators returning 1 or 0 for true and false.
Finally, ?
causes a number to be read from the input file.
Any other character produces an error.
Procedure directive:
This procedure is called from one case in the scanner
when it sees the character %
;
since the procedure is only called there
its body might have been incorporated there.
The procedure reads letters into a string and then examines the string.
For the IF directive the function value
is called,
if that returns a value less than 1,
the remainder of the current input line is to be skipped.
This is done by setting the position variable
of the line buffer to the length of the line buffer ---
this will cause procedure getch
to read from a new line.
For the SET
directive the expected syntax is %SET V = value
,
where V
is an uppercase letter.
Errors occur when V
is not an uppercase letter
or when =
is missing.
Function value
is called to assign an integer
to the array of scan-time variables at position V
.
For the PUT directive the remainder of the input line
is copied from the line buffer to the output file ---
this is useful only if the input comes from a disk file.
The other three directives,
LISTING
, STATISTICS
and RADIX
simply set global variables to an integer returned by the function value
.
This completes the scanning procedure getsym
The procedure for reporting errors takes two value parameters: a single character and a string. The single character serves to indicate the kind of error, the string is the actual error message. The procedure has to write the position in the input line where the error occurred, and then, on a separate line, an error mark that is defined as a (short) string constant in the program which uses the utilities, then the character indicating the kind of error, and then the error message. All this has to be written to the output file, and, if a listing is being written, to the listing file.
Several complications arise.
Firstly, the line which contains the error can be in an included
file.
In that case it is not informative if the line number given
is simply the ordinal number of the line that has been processed.
Instead it is better if the error report states the name of the file
and the line number in terms of that file.
Secondly, in the listing file it is not necessary to repeat
an input line if the current error is the first error in that line.
So the scanning procedure getsym
and the error reporting procedure have to cooperate
in a number of ways.
It is necessary
to keep track of line numbers and names of included files.
This is done by the small explicit global stack
already mentioned in the description of procedure getch
.
The body of the error reporting procedure increments
the global error count in all cases except when
the character parameter is an I
, indicating
a merely informational message.
Programs using the utilities can access the error count
for reporting, and they can set it back to zero.
Then the procedure handles any writing to the output file,
and any writing to the listing file.
For the output file,
if the error occurs in an include file,
this is indicated by a remark and the name of the include file.
Then the procedure calls a local procedure point_to_symbol
to do the actual error reporting to the output file.
If a listing is being produced,
that same local procedure is called again,
this time to report to the listing file.
The local procedure takes a file variable as formal parameter.
It does all its writing to that file.
A second Boolean value parameter indicates
whether the current input line is to be repeated.
If it is, then the current line number,
the separator between line numbers and text,
and then the line buffer are written as one line to the
parameter file.
In any case,
for the next line it writes firstly a mark under
the previous line number, secondly sufficient spaces
to reach the error position in the input line,
and thirdly the pointer ^
.
On the following line it writes
the error mark,
the character indicating the kind of error,
and the actual error message.
All the other utilities are relatively minor.
Initialisation:
There is one procedure to initialise
all the global variables used by the utilities;
most of them are integers that have to be set to zero.
A program which uses the utilities would
normally begin by calling this initialisation procedure.
Such a program might then re-assign some of these variables,
for example the default alternative radix or the set
of special characters that can occur in second or later
positions in reserved words such as <=
and ::=
.
There are two procedures for entering reserved words
and standard identifiers into tables.
The sizes of these tables are given by constants
in the program that uses the utilities,
and the two procedures will check for overflow
and produce appropriate error messages.
A program which uses the utilities
would call the entering procedures
once for each reserved word or identifier
that is to be entered.
The scanner will know about the last reserved word
that has been entered,
and it will perform the lookup correctly
even if the table is not filled completely.
No lookup is performed for standard identifiers
and no such procedure is provided;
this is because the method that is required
is likely to vary widely between applications.
Parsing: To facilitate parsing there are two procedures. One checks whether the last symbol returned by the scanner is identical with one of its parameters, otherwise an error is reported using a string parameter as the message. The other tests whether the last symbol is a member of one of its parameters, a set of symbols. If it is not, then an error is reported and symbols are skipped until the symbol is in the first set or in another set that is a further parameter.
Output:
There are three principal output procedures.
One is for writing signed integers,
internally it uses a recursive procedure to convert
an integer into a sequence of digit characters.
The other two write strings of the size
of reserved words and standard identifiers;
since these may have different lengths,
separate procedures are used.
All three first check whether the item to be written
really fits onto the line,
and if it does not fit, then a subsidiary procedure
for ending a line is called first.
This procedure will do a writeln to the output file,
and, if a listing is being written, to the listing file.
It also sets a variable to keep track of the length of the output line.
The three principal procedures output characters by calling
another subsidiary procedure for writing a single character.
This writes the character to the output file.
If a listing is being produced, it also writes the character
to the listing file;
but if a new line had just been started it first writes
to the listing file as many spaces as there are in a
line number and the separator between the line number
and the following text.
It also increments the counter which keeps track
of the length of the output line ---
except that if the character to be written
is the newline character, chr(13)
,
it sets the counter to zero.
One last output utility, used for finalising a run,
writes to the output file and potentially to the listing file
the CPU time in milliseconds taken by this run.
The following is the standard Pascal source program for the utilities.
The utilities implemented here are being used
by three quite disparate programs
in the next three chapters.
None of the programs use all the facilities,
but that is unavoidable for something as general as this.
One exercise that might be worthwhile is to make
the IF
directive more powerful by letting it operate
not just on the remainder of the line
but on all following lines up to an ENDIF
directive.
Clearly an ELSE
directive would be useful, too.
The language C has a preprocessor called cpp
which does this sort of thing.
Again, being able to define constants
would be useful; the preprocessor cpp for the language C has this.
Some of the reading given for Chapter 4
on macro expansion is relevant.
A Major Project: This project is not immediately tied to the utilities in this chapter, but it can use them profitably, and it has much less to do with the programs in the later chapters.
Design a small procedural language.
It should include declarations of global variables,
of procedures and functions which can have value parameters
and local variables.
Unlike Pascal, procedure and functions cannot be nested.
Variables and parameters are to be typed,
and so are the values returned by functions.
But there will be only three inbuilt types:
boolean, char and integer,
and no type constructors.
The statements should include assignment, call,
IF-THEN(-ELSE)
and WHILE-DO
.
The expressions should include a reasonable collection
of operations on the inbuilt types.
You should begin by writing a context free grammar first. Then write a context free parser which reports errors. Add error recovery in accordance with Wirth (1976 pp 320 - 322) or Terry (1986 pp 208 - 211). You should now be able to have a test program that has many context free errors.
Next, add a symbol table for entering global variables,
procedures and functions and their parameters and local variables.
Note that at the end of a procedure or function declaration
the names of the parameters and locals have to become invisible,
but the types of the parameters still have to accessible.
Take some care to avoid spurious error messages.
It helps to have an additional type notype
in expressions.
Write a test program that has many context sensitive errors.
You can now add code generation to this compiler. There are many possibilities: to translate into some existing language, to translate into some internal language that will be interpreted either recursively or non-recursively, or to translate into some intermediate language first which can then be translated independently into several other languages.


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import controllers.auth.requests.UserRequest @import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext @import components.{H1, P} @this(main: MainView, h1: H1, p: P) @(title: String, heading: Option[String] = None, body: List[String] = Nil)(implicit request: UserRequest[_], messages: play.api.i18n.Messages) @main( pageTitle = messages(title), showBackLink = true ) {


We aggregate cats!
- generate web-enabled partnerships
- aggregate front-end niches
- target turn-key mindshare
- engage plug-and-play paradigms
- scale plug-and-play bandwidth
- exploit web-enabled synergies
- brand turn-key convergence
- monetize open-source synergies


Last week our team had a meeting with Vincent Ball from Nytec, one of our mentors for this project. We visited the Nytec studios and took a tour of their in-house usability and prototyping facilities. We presented some early concepts to Vince and had a very insightful discussion about the problem area of our project.
The conversation we had with Vince steered our thoughts back towards some ideas we started thinking about early on in the capstone project. At the same time, it also helped us see how some parts of the concepts we had recently been working on needed to be relooked and reconsidered. Some big insights came out in the course of the conversation, which we considered in the round of ideation that followed, and which has now culminated into a brand-new concept.
Some of the questions we discussed: how can we leverage the 3D depth camera technology? How do we bring about additional value to content using this technology? What new possibilities are there when this camera technology is in everyday personal devices? This further got us thinking about how all this could change the way news content is created. What if depth camera technology and the right software enabled anyone to contribute to their own high-quality work to enhance the work of professional journalists? This would be a fantastic opportunity to involve people in co-creation of content. In a way, this was us coming back closer to the design question we started out with: the focus on removing the barrier between creation and consumption of content.


Market Update
Bitcoin Price Dips Below $9,200 After Rejection by $9,500 Resistance
by William SubergBitcoin (BTC) dropped below $9,200 on Nov. 3 after a fresh attempt to crack resistance above $9,500 ended in rejection.
Cryptocurrency market daily overview. Source: Coin360
Bitcoin stays in low $9K corridor
Data from Coin360 showed BTC/USD continuing its ranging behavior with $9,000 as support on Sunday. At press time, the pair traded around $9,120, having fallen around 2% in the past 24 hours.
On Friday, the situation looked more bullish. After languishing near the bottom of its range, Bitcoin managed a run-up to $9,380 during Saturday before abandoning its position and heading downwards once more.
Bitcoin seven-day price chart. Source: Coin360
As Cointelegraph reported, some analysts were keen to see lower levels as a form of price consolidation.
For regular contributor filbfilb, however, hopes were still high as the weekend began that a shift higher would materialize.
“Weekend pump playing out, everyone super bullish. I’m looking to short weekly resistance about 9550. Into the 61.8% retracement. 0.5% account risk as it could be totally wrong,” he told subscribers of his Telegram trading channel.
A return to five figures remains something of a holy grail for Bitcoiners under the current climate, with heavy resistance currently hindering progress.
Longer-term, prediction models nonetheless suggest an average BTC price of closer to $8,000 over the next six months. Thereafter, the block reward halving should pave the way for a new bullish era, say analysts.
As Cointelegraph noted, the previous two halvings both had a highly positive impact on Bitcoin in the months which followed.
Altcoins drift amid lack of momentum
Altcoin markets saw mixed fortunes as the weekend progressed. In the top twenty cryptocurrencies by market cap, most saw up or down moves of around 2%.
Ether (ETH), the largest altcoin, fell by a modest 1.1% to $181, in line with behavior from XRP and Binance Coin (BNB).
Ether seven-day price chart. Source: Coin360
Some other tokens dipped more, with Tron (TRX) and EOS (EOS) both losing 2.5%.
The overall cryptocurrency market cap remained broadly stable at $246 billion, with Bitcoin’s share at 67.4%.
Keep track of top crypto markets in real time here