About Us
Solex Solution is a tech-savvy startup which stands on a team of dedicated and innovative members. Customer satisfaction has always been our trademark. We achieve it by comprehending the requirements of our customers and by bridging the gap between customers and our team. At our software development company, we provide high-end digital solutions for international enterprises, small businesses, and other organizations.
Our Mission
Our primary mandate is to ensure customer satisfaction. We serve our clients as a trusted ally, providing them with the loyalty of a true business partner. We believe in treat our employees as family, as they are our strength. We are committed towards mutually shared values and believe in achieving the highest levels of customer satisfaction, with extraordinary emphasis on the creation of value.
Our Plan
We strive hard to meet the highest customer satisfaction levels by providing high quality technology solution on time, every time. Technology Solutions, Satisfaction and Success are the Corner stones of SOLEX.
Our Vision
In SOLEX Solution, we build technology solutions that meet the highest quality standards through which our customers achieve perfection and success in their business. We strive hard to meet the highest customer satisfaction levels by providing high quality technology solution on time… every time. Technology Solutions, Satisfaction and Success are the Corner stones of SOLEX Solution.
Services
We offer high-quality software service from development to testing. We are a team of experienced developers, designers, creators, and project managers.
INTUITIVE UI/UX DESIGNING.
We are a team of young and innovative programmers who are always thinking out of the box to provide with beautiful and engaging designs. We believe that a great user experience and interface plays an important role in the success of any product. We go to an arm's length to provide with attractive and intuitive user interface design.
MOBILE DEVELOPMENT
We at Solex build innovative applications for start-ups and enterprises alike. We provide with highly polished native applications for Android and Cross-platform applications for Android, iOS and Windows. We also deal with hybrid applications. We are highly encouraged to work from Client's scope elaboration to their approval to provide them with the best there exists.
WEB DEVELOPMENT
We offer to create websites on PHP, WordPress, Magento, React, ASP.Net, Angular, Laravel and .NET MVC. These websites do not only amaze on the engaging designs but also conveys all parts of functionality with the most smooth of structures.
GRAPHIC DESIGNING
If you are worried about your new business then no need to worry because SOLEX have ways out for all of your problems. Our Graphic Designers are experienced in addressing digital marketing answers, website designing and any kind of challenges related to graphic. Solex Solution is providing its services Globally.
QUALITY ASSURANCE & TESTING
Our professional SQA team evaluates the functional, performance, usability and security of your system before producing it to production. Usability, stability and security is not an option to ever compromise on, because we know it represents your brand reputation. Our Team's testing expertise will give you and your users peace of mind while using your business application.
SEO & DIGITAL MARKETING
We know you want to be on the top and it takes time, efforts, massive expense and an experienced team. We have them ready for you to boost your business and show it to the outside world. Not only it is necessary for brand awareness but bringing more customers and your website to the highest rankings. We have been working with various businesses who are more than happy with our services and we'd love to have you on board to help you with the marketing and SEO.
Our Skills
What we are good at:
Facts
Facts about our company till date.
Clients
Projects
Hours Of Support
Hard Workers
Our Portfolio
- All
- Branding
- Graphic Designing
- Web Designing
Branding
Kings Catering
Branding
ASK Spot Gold
Branding
Jibreel Fabric
Branding
MI Traders
Web Design
ASK Spot Gold
Web Design
AQUA Art Gallery
Web Design
Squad Free
Graphic Designing
Parees Perfumes


What I learnt from my Mindful Conversation is that when you let the other person talk and don't contribute yourself, you can learn lots about the other person. Usually in conversation you can be quite distracted and stop paying attention to what they are saying, I found since I had to recall what the other person was saying, that I tried to keep a geater attention. The other person liked it, and found it to be a nice bonding thing to do.
To sustain my mindfulness practice, I am going to try the “Do less than you can” method. By limiting myself to doing it for as long as I can without it becoming a burden. I will also try doing it more times a day, at that shorter time.
I also found the exercise analogy of training yourself to meditate interesting. Getting yourself into a habit/routine to start with and then it eventually becoming less forced, because you now love the benefits from it.


Ryo Lambert
龍 ランバート
Web Dev / Designer / Front-End Engineer
ABOUT ME
Seven of Nine: I understand the concept of humor. It may not be apparent but I am often amused by human behavior. The Doctor: You heard the man. Run along. I'll reattach any severed limbs, just don't misplace them. Seven of Nine: [to Janeway] Your attempts to assimilate this drone will fail. You can alter our physiology but you cannot change our nature. We will betray you. We are Borg. B'Elanna Torres: Get some rest, Harry. Harry Kim: You may think you're tougher than everybody else.


+
how to deploy here
what to do today
maksud alfatihah
surah an-nas
nintendo switch
something
Write here something
Ctrl + S to save.
Save


Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Welcome to my site.
Some paragraph text here!
One
Two
Three
Some more text at the bottom.


This i heading 1
This some text.
This is heading 2
This is some other text.
This is heading 3
This is heading 4
This is heading 5
This is heading 6


---
subject: Attached Contract Needs Approval
---
Hi {firstname}
Please view and sign the contract with our technical service company for 2017-2019. We would appreciate your quick response.
King regards,
Jane Doe
(Digital-Signature: f0a0e01386d19b03736165288026cc97e325560c78700e95)


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Frederik has rewritten his Dryad-typeface as a PlotDevice script (the original interactive version was in Processing, you can play with it at http://igor.grafitron.com/dryade/).
The letter S
Dryad is a typeface that grows words: a single character is made up of many of the next character in the word, and that character is made up of many of the next character, and so on.
This principle is called recursion, defining things in terms of themselves. Recursion occurs in nature as well as in programming, for example, a tree could be described as a big branch which has smaller branches... a definition which is true for any part of the tree, from the stem to the smaller twigs.
Dryad’s algorithm is a so-called Lindenmayer-system (or L-system), a recursive system of rules and symbols used in biology and artificial life to describe plant growth and development.
I’ve included an animation of the letter Z growing, very cool!
Created by Frederik De Bleser


Around 8,800 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the UK each year, making it the 11th most common cancer.
Cancer of the pancreas is more common in older people, with about half of all new cases diagnosed in people who are aged 75 or over. It's uncommon in people under 40 years of age.
Pancreatic cancer affects men and women equally.
The pancreas is a large gland that's part of the digestive system. It's about 15cm (six inches) long, and is located high in the abdomen, behind the stomach, where the ribs meet at the bottom of the breastbone.
The pancreas produces:
digestive enzymes – which break down food so it can be absorbed into the body
hormones – including insulin, which helps keep your blood sugar levels stable
In the early stages, a tumour in the pancreas doesn't usually cause any symptoms, which can make it difficult to diagnose.
The first noticeable symptoms of pancreatic cancer are often:
pain in the back or stomach area
unexpected weight loss
jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)
It's important to remember that these symptoms can be caused by many different conditions, and aren't usually the result of cancer. However, you should contact your GP if you're concerned, or if these symptoms start suddenly.
Your GP will ask about your general health and carry out a physical examination.
They will check your skin and eyes for signs of jaundice, and you may also have a urine and blood test.
Your GP may also examine your tummy (abdomen) for a lump and to see whether your liver is enlarged.
If your GP suspects pancreatic cancer, you may be referred to a specialist at a hospital for further investigation. You may have an ultrasound scan, computerised tomography (CT) scan, or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.
Cancer of the pancreas is difficult to treat. It rarely causes any symptoms in the early stages, so it's often not detected until the cancer is fairly advanced. If the tumour is large, treating the cancer will be more difficult.
If you've been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, your treatment will depend on the type and location of your cancer, and how far it's advanced. Your age, general health and personal preferences will also be taken into consideration.
The first aim will be to completely remove the tumour and any other cancerous cells. If this isn't possible, treatment will focus on preventing the tumour growing and causing further harm to your body.
The three main treatments for pancreatic cancer are:
surgery
chemotherapy
radiotherapy


- I am an occupational therapist
- I am graduated from few months
- I was the first on batch
- I got a scholarship from my university
- I took a master degree in clinical rehabilitation science
- I worked as a TA for two years during my study
- I am looking forward to take a phd degree
- I hope to combine the programming knowledge with my major to help people with disabilites
My Top Ten dishes are:
- Hummus
- Falafel
- Manakeesh
- Tabouleh
- Fattoush
- Shawarma
- Dolma
- Mansaf
- Mandi
- Kabsa


Statistical methods for estimating preferential attachment and node fitness generative mechanisms in temporal complex networks are provided. Thong Pham et al. (2015) <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137796>. Thong Pham et al.(2016) <doi:10.1038/srep32558>.
| Version: |
<IP_ADDRESS> |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 2.10.0) |
| Imports: |
Rcpp (≥ 0.11.3) , grDevices, graphics, stats, RColorBrewer, VGAM, MASS, magicaxis, networkDynamic, network, plyr, igraph, mapproj, knitr |
| LinkingTo: |
Rcpp |
| Suggests: |
R.rsp |
| Published: |
2018-09-19 |
| Author: |
Thong Pham, Paul Sheridan, Hidetoshi Shimodaira |
| Maintainer: |
Thong Pham <thongpham at thongpham.net> |
| BugReports: |
https://github.com/thongphamthe/PAFit/issues |
| License: |
GPL-3 |
| URL: |
https://github.com/thongphamthe/PAFit |
| NeedsCompilation: |
yes |
| Citation: |
PAFit citation info |
| Materials: |
NEWS |
| In views: |
SocialSciences |
| CRAN checks: |
PAFit results |


IG:dm Desktop
Desktop application for INSTAGRAM DMs
Continue your Instagram DMs from your phone to your Desktop computers.
Not convinced? View the source code here
Please note that this is an open source release and is not an official release by Instagram.


{% extends "searchthecity/views/templates/base.html" %} {% block title %}Syntax{% endblock %} {% block jumbotron-header %}Search the City{% endblock %} {% block jumbotron-subheader %}RESTful API for magiccards.info{% endblock %} {% block content %}
All these options can be combined to more complicated queries: "a or b", "a not b", "a -b", "a (b or c)", "a or (b c)", and so on.


About Furry Broadcasting Network (FBN)
Furry Broadcasting Network is an internet radio hub that proudly hosts the best music produced among the furry fandom. Originally founded as Mane Tech Studios in 2015, that mainly focused on the Brony fandom and its music.
Now, committed to providing our listeners with a variety of music, Furry Broadcasting Network is excited for the new endeavors to the furry community. We look forward for all of our fans that have come along for the ride to broaden the fandom as we hope to continue to grow and expand to greater heights.
Furry Broadcasting Network wants to provide the fandom with music that they love and deserve no matter the furry, whether male female and the different species out in the fandom.
Best Wishes from Furry Broadcasting Network! - Mascot "Roxie" Drawn by @FurryFilth.
Check out our video!
Our Staff
Our staff is made up of 100% volunteers that want to see the community grow and thrive. If you would like to be considered apart of our staff just drop us a line.
VENUE
Megaplex
10100 International Drive, Orlando, FL 32821, USA
Join us for our official launch at Megaplex 2018!
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
Contact Us
Send us an email to get in touch with our team about sponsorships or any other information.


Description:
Returns from subroutine. The return address is loaded from the Stack. The stack pointer uses a pre-increment scheme during RET.
Operation:
(i)PC(15:0) ← STACK Devices with 16 bits PC, 128K bytes program memory maximum.
(ii)PC(21:0) ← STACK Devices with 22 bits PC, 8M bytes program memory maximum.
Syntax: Operands: Program Counter: Stack:
(i) RET None See Operation SP←SP + 2, (2bytes,16 bits)
(ii) RET None See Operation SP←SP + 3, (3bytes,22 bits)
16-bit Opcode:
|
1001 |
0101 |
0000 |
1000 |
Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula:
|
I |
T |
H |
S |
V |
N |
Z |
C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Example:
callroutine ; Call subroutine ... routine: push r14 ; Save r14 on the stack ... pop r14 ; Restore r14 ret ; Return from subroutine
Words: 1 (2 bytes)
Cycles: 4 devices with 16-bit PC
5 devices with 22-bit PC


{{ define "main" }}
Please contact Prof. Yingcai Wu<EMAIL_ADDRESS>should you have any further inquiries.


Welcome to my website!
My name is Kai Salmen and this site focuses on WebGL projects I realised during my spare time independent from my job as software engineer.
If you have any questions or comments, don't hestitate to contact me via e-mail:
feedback@<replaceWithNameOfThisDomain>
or follow me on Twitter:
https://twitter.com/kai_salmen


Be advised that by entering your username and password on this site, you are requesting access to PCC systems and agree to the conditions of all applicable policies and contracts. Students also agree to the conditions of the Code of Student Conduct. Employees agree to abide by all applicable employee policies and contracts. Your PCC account, including your pcc.edu email address, is provided for access to PCC systems only. Do not use your PCC credentials to create accounts or authenticate to external services not provided or supported by PCC.


The LGBT Center, the Women’s Center and the Multicultural Center have remained sources for diverse learning and individual experiences throughout the past year. Since the COVID-19 pandemic caused most OU students to remain remote in the first half of 2021, these centers chose to operate remotely while still providing their fundamental resources.
MaryKathyrine Tran, assistant director of the Women’s Center, said she is especially proud of the center’s ability to formulate meaningful programs and encourage sincere conversations while operating remotely.
“During a time when we were physically distancing, the use of technology meant we were still able to stay connected and also became an accessible way for folks of different backgrounds and needs to continue to engage with us,” Tran said in an email. “Due to this positive response, when we returned physically back to the office in August, we made a concentrated effort to offer our programs in a hybrid fashion. This has allowed folks who would like to meet in-person the opportunity to do so, but also ensures folks on our regional campuses, people with family considerations, and those who simply cannot be in-person for a variety of reasons can still participate, learn and build community.”
When students were allowed back on campus, each of the centers began to slowly integrate more in-person meetings and events. Over the past year, the three centers have each engaged in a plethora of events, both virtual and in-person, raising awareness of specific issues pertaining to their respective, diverse focuses.
Micah McCarey, director of the LGBT Center, highlighted the center’s pride graduation that was held virtually in April.
“Everyone was more engaged on an emotional level than I was accustomed to during these kinds of online programs,” McCarey said. “And I think that comes in part from the really monumentous accomplishment that the graduates were feeling, having completed this big journey. They were able to finish despite the challenges of adjusting to online education, and decreased social interaction and increased depression rates and anxiety. So I think it was all of those things plus appreciation for the support that we've been able to provide each other as an LGBTQ+ community.”
For the Women’s Center, Tran mentioned the significance of the annual Take Back the Night event. Tran said that while the event was slightly different this year, it was still incredibly important to hold this annual event in whatever fashion possible.
“Take Back the Night is a special event because it brings so many collaborators together not only across campus, but throughout the community, to recognize the large impacts domestic violence, sexual assault and (other types) of interpersonal violence have on our communities, while also affirming the importance of believing survivors, standing with them, and advocating against injustice,” Tran said in an email. “Our 2021 Take Back the Night featured a few different elements including a successful social media event throughout the evening as well as a live broadcast of survivor speakers sharing their stories.”
Winsome Chunnu-Brayda, director of the Multicultural Center, referenced the Blackburn Spencer Scholarship Pageant that the Multicultural Center hosted during OU’s Homecoming this year. Chunnu-Brayda said the ability to have this event after not being able to in 2020 demonstrated the perseverance of the students involved.
“We weren't able to have (the pageant) the year before and that is how we raise money for the Blackburn Spencer Scholarship awards that are announced during the leadership gala in April,” Chunnu-Brayda said. “Students within two and a half weeks managed to raise almost $10,000. So that was a feat, especially during COVID times. So one, we were able to have the pageant that we missed from the year before and two ... it was exceptional how they managed to raise that amount of money in such a short period of time.”
Currently, both the LGBT Center and the Women’s Center are undergoing staffing changes. The LGBT Center is currently in search of an assistant director, and the center will no longer be able to have a full-time administrative support specialist position.
The Women’s Center is currently without a director as Dr. M. Geneva Murray recently left OU. Tran is currently serving as the interim director for the time being.
“The Women’s Center is extremely excited for the upcoming year and appreciates our campus and community collaborators supporting us throughout this transition,” Tran said in an email.
In 2022, McCarey hopes that more traditions can be brought back to OU. McCarey said events are important to duplicate as they allow queer students to feel empowered and liberated.
“I am hopeful that some of our programs that have been harder to duplicate in an online form will be held,” McCarey said. “And the most significant one is probably our annual queer prom. A lot of LGBTQ+ students didn't get to go to a prom during their high school years that felt inclusive and affirming. And now that they are in a university setting that has that strong commitment to diversity and inclusion, I find those queer proms to be really liberating for people.”
For the next coming year, Chunnu-Brayda hopes the Multicultural Center will see a return of normalcy, especially in regard to attendance and capacity.
“I'm really hoping that we get back to … full density so that we can really get our programming back in full swing,” Chunnu-Brayda said. “I want to get back to the point where I want as many people as possible to come and have a great time.”


Select a JSON or CSV (with headers) file to import labels.
Only validated labels will be imported to current namespace.


public abstract class TransactionManager
extends java.lang.Object
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
TransactionManager() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
abstract TxContext |
currentTransaction()
The currentTransaction method returns the TxContext for the current
transaction, or null if there is none.
|
abstract void |
enlistForDurableTwoPhase(Durable2PCParticipant tpp,
java.lang.String id)
Enlist the specified participant with current transaction such that it
will participate in the 2PC protocol; a unique identifier for the
participant is also required.
|
abstract void |
enlistForVolatileTwoPhase(Volatile2PCParticipant pzp,
java.lang.String id)
Enlist the specified participant with current transaction such that it
will participate in the Volatile 2PC protocol; a unique identifier for
the participant is also required.
|
static TransactionManager |
getTransactionManager()
Get the transaction manager.
|
abstract int |
replay() |
abstract void |
resume(TxContext txContext)
The resume method can be used to (re-)associate a thread with a
transaction(s) via its TxContext.
|
static void |
setTransactionManager(TransactionManager manager)
Set the transaction manager.
|
abstract TxContext |
suspend()
A thread of control may require periods of non-transactionality so that
it may perform work that is not associated with a specific transaction.
|
public static TransactionManager getTransactionManager()
public static void setTransactionManager(TransactionManager manager)
manager
- The transaction manager.public abstract void enlistForVolatileTwoPhase(Volatile2PCParticipant pzp, java.lang.String id) throws WrongStateException, UnknownTransactionException, SystemException
public abstract void enlistForDurableTwoPhase(Durable2PCParticipant tpp, java.lang.String id) throws WrongStateException, UnknownTransactionException, SystemException
public abstract int replay() throws SystemException
SystemException
public abstract void resume(TxContext txContext) throws UnknownTransactionException, SystemException
public abstract TxContext suspend() throws SystemException
SystemException
public abstract TxContext currentTransaction() throws SystemException
SystemException
Copyright © 2022 JBoss by Red Hat. All rights reserved.


返回主页
日本科技发展近况
目录
Japanese Science and Technology Capacity
Preface
Summary
Expert Responses and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
CHAPTER ONE Introduction
Caveats（附加说明） on Data and Analysis
Japanese Science and Technology Capacity
Expert Opinions and Recommendations
This research was sponsored by the Mitsubishi Research Institute (MRI) of Japan and was conducted under the auspices of the Transportation, Space, and Technology (TST) Program within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE).
Copyright 2010 RAND Corporation
三菱标志
日本最好的大学
日本的回应：莫把三星和韩国竞争力混为一谈
美国佬改变的山寨STYLE
宫崎骏《起风了》
学语言，从数数开始
Crood一家人（疯狂原始人）
日本基本国情汇编
更多资讯，请访问： retter2012.com 。
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Preface
This RAND Corporation technical report summarizes the views of 55 leading researchers in
the United States, the European Union, Switzerland, and Russia regarding the competitiveness
of Japanese research in 25 fields in the life sciences, environmental science, information and
communication technology, and nanotechnology and materials science. Their responses cover
several topics, including how the quality of research in Japan in these fields ranks against the
world’s leaders, strengths and weaknesses in the Japanese research and education system, and
suggestions of approaches, models, and mechanisms to increase excellence in Japanese research
in these 25 fields and in expanding Japan’s science and technology capacity in general.
This research was conducted for the Mitsubishi Research Institute (MRI) of Japan to
provide data and analysis toward the preparation of a report by MRI for the government of
Japan in its current efforts to develop the next basic plan for science and technology for 2011
to 2015. MRI asked RAND to conduct interviews with leading scientists in the United States,
the European Union, and Switzerland to address these issues. This is the second time RAND
is providing research support to MRI and the government of Japan toward the formulation of
its basic plan for science and technology. In 2004, RAND completed a study with a similar
focus and approach (Wong et al., 2004). Those interested in the social and structural analysis
of science, as well as individuals interested in developments in science and technology in Japan,
may find this report of interest.
The RAND Transportation, Space, and Technology Program
This research was conducted under the auspices of the Transportation, Space, and Technology
(TST) Program within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE). ISE’s mission
is to improve the development, operation, use, and protection of society’s essential physical
assets and natural resources and to enhance the related social assets of safety and security of
individuals in transit and in their workplaces and communities. The TST research portfolio
encompasses policy areas including transportation systems, space exploration, information and
telecommunication technologies, nano- and biotechnologies, and other aspects of science and
technology policy.
日本的回应：莫把三星和韩国竞争力混为一谈
Questions or comments about this report should be sent to the project leader, Anny
Wong (Anny_Wong@rand.org). Information about the Transportation, Space, and Technology
Program is available online (http://www.rand.org/ise/tech). Inquiries about TST research
should be sent to the following address:
Martin Wachs, Director
Transportation, Space, and Technology Program, ISE
RAND Corporation
1776 Main Street
P.O. Box 2138
Santa Monica, CA 90401-2138
310-393-0411, x7720
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>更多资讯，请访问： retter2012.com 。
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Summary
The Japanese government places great emphasis on ensuring the country’s vitality in science
and technology (S&T) and remaining at the forefront of global science. It is in this spirit that
Japan uses its five-year basic S&T plans, the first of which was introduced in 1996, to guide
research and development (R&D) promotion (see Government of Japan, 2006).
This RAND report documents input and recommendations we received from 55 top
researchers on their perceptions of the current state of Japanese S&T and priorities for
improvement.
日本的真心话和大冒险
日本的回应：莫把三星和韩国竞争力混为一谈
Study Objective
The current basic S&T plan—the third one—will run through 2010, and efforts are under
way to develop the next basic S&T plan for 2011 to 2015. The Mitsubishi Research Institute
(MRI) of Japan, which is providing research support to the Council for Science and Technology
Policy (CSTP), an advisory body in the Office of the Prime Minister of Japan, in the formulation
of the 2011–2015 basic S&T plan, asked the RAND Corporation to interview 50 top
researchers in the United States, the European Union (EU), and Switzerland to learn from
their perspective how well Japan performs in their fields and areas of research and to solicit
their thoughts on what is essential to promote excellence and innovation in scientific research.
The expert responses and recommendations collected would feed into analysis by MRI for the
government of Japan in developing the fourth basic S&T plan, for 2011 to 2015.1
Study Method
Since the objective and scope of this study is the same as the 2004 RAND study for MRI,
we employed the same study method used for the 2004 study. It is important to reiterate that
the objective of this research is to collect qualitative feedback from U.S.- and European-based
experts and to produce a summary of their responses in a final report. As such, we do not have the mandate or the time and resources to review literature on the current state of Japanese S&T
or to produce a final report with anything beyond what we were tasked to do.
Our research began with the identification of experts in the designated 25 scientific fields
under the four categories of life sciences, environmental science, information and communication
technology (ICT), and nanotechnology and materials science (see Table S.1). These four
categories and the 25 fields under them were the same as in the 2004 RAND study and provided
to us by our research sponsor.
To identify and select experts for interviews, we utilized a combination of methods to
draw on the strengths and mitigate the weaknesses of each to determine a researcher’s prominence
in his or her field. The results of searches using one method (e.g., searching databases on
scientific publications and citations) were checked against the results of searches using another
method (e.g., identifying recipients of major merit awards). We also cross-checked researchers
recommended to us by respondents or colleagues to ascertain their professional achievements
before we added them to our list of candidate respondents. In all, we identified more than 200
experts across the 25 fields.
For this study, our respondents included junior scientists who are “rising stars” in their
own fields. The decision to include such junior scientists was made in consultation with our
sponsor. By rising stars, we mean those younger and high-performing researchers who work at
the cutting edge of their fields. We thought that the perspectives and experience of rising stars
may well complement those of senior, more-established researchers who represent the moreconventional
definition of top expert. With increased Japanese government efforts to expand
opportunities for young international researchers to work in Japan under its current and previous basic S&T plans, rising stars could inform us of their experience in Japan or their reasons
for choosing (or not choosing) to work in Japan.
Categories and Fields
In the end, 55 experts out of nearly 100 contacted spoke with us. We gave priority to
contacting those with the highest professional qualifications (e.g., top scientific prize winners
and those regarded as the most influential in their fields) for interviews. We also tried to collect
data from experts in each of the 25 fields. Since participation was strictly voluntary and
research had to be completed within a time frame and with the resources available, we could
not have, say, one expert each from the United States or Europe for each of the 25 fields or have
one expert each who is male or female for each of the 25 fields. All interviews were conducted
via telephone, and all the information we received was treated as confidential. Table S.2 shows
the number of respondents for each field and some attributes of our respondents.
First, in terms of the number of respondents for each category, the largest number is in
the life sciences, followed by nanotechnology and materials science, environmental science,
and ICT. By location, 19 of our 55 respondents are U.S.-based, 24 are EU-based, and one each
is in Switzerland and Russia. By category, an even number of respondents in the life sciences
and ICT are based in the United States and Europe, while, in the environmental science and
nanotechnology and materials science categories, the number of European-based respondents
significantly outnumbers the U.S.-based ones. (Although our sponsor did not name Russia as a location, our effort to identify top experts pointed to a few Russia-based scientists, and one
accepted our request for interview.)
Number of Respondents, by Key Attributes
By career point, 42 senior and 13 junior researchers spoke with us. Among the senior
researchers, 14 are in the life sciences, eight in environmental science, seven in ICT, and 13 in
nanotechnology and materials science. For the junior researchers, their numbers for these categories
are four, three, three, and three, respectively. Further, by career point and location, senior
European-based researchers are the largest subgroup, followed by senior U.S.-based researchers
(15), junior European-based researchers (nine), and junior U.S.-based researchers (four).
In terms of gender alone, there were 44 male and 11 female respondents. Female researchers
made up half of all respondents in the life sciences, but they were in far smaller numbers
in the other three categories. Combining gender and career point, senior male researchers lead
(37), followed by junior male (seven), junior female (six), and senior female (five) researchers.
As for their level of professional experience in Japan or with Japanese research, we designated
28 respondents as low, 14 as moderate, and 13 as high. The greatest number and share
of respondents with high designations are found in the life sciences and nanotechnology and
materials science. These designations are based on a combination of respondent self-assessment
and the content of their responses. Low means that one has had little or no current or prior collaborations
with Japanese researchers and institutions, few or no visits to Japan, and minimal
awareness of Japanese research in their research areas. Moderate means that one has had had
some prior collaborations with Japanese researchers or institutions, some visits to Japan and
interactions with Japanese researchers at professional forums in Japan or elsewhere, and some
awareness of Japanese research in their research areas. High means that one has had or has current
or recent collaborations with Japanese researchers or institutions; multiple visits to Japan;
experience teaching, doing research, or participating in advisory panels in Japan; and in-depth
awareness of Japanese research in their research areas.
Finally, all questions in our telephone interviews were open-ended, and respondents could
choose to answer all or none of them as they pleased. Our questions focus on these areas provided
by MRI and CSTP:
competitiveness of Japanese S&T institutions, especially how Japan compares with other
scientifically advanced nations
important scientific research accomplishments in Japan, with a particular focus on the
past five years
quality of Japanese science education
ideas for Japan or lessons learned from experience on how to increase excellence in
national S&T capacity.
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Expert Responses and Recommendations
Considering the small sample size and that the expert comments we received are subjective and
may be more reflective of individual experiences, observations, and impressions than any collective
truth about Japan or Japanese S&T, we appreciate the need for caution in interpreting
their responses. We recognize that other research and data (e.g., citations and patent data) can
provide a useful context to interpret the responses we collected. However, it is not within the scope of this study to assess the validity of the viewpoints or the appropriateness of the recommendations
provided by our respondents.
日本的回应：莫把三星和韩国竞争力混为一谈
Overall, 22 of our 55 respondents reported that Japan is at the forefront, among the
top five leaders, or has demonstrated significant improvement in their specific research areas.
Another dozen reported that Japan is doing very well, produces high-quality research, or is
among the ten leaders in the world. This compares well with the responses received in our 2004
study. Similarly, though, respondents frequently qualified their assessments that Japan’s excellence
is in technology development, applied research, or areas in which expensive equipment is
required rather than in theoretical or fundamental research.
Consistent with a major observation from experts interviewed for the 2004 study, too, is
the widespread view that significant institutional and cultural problems hinder excellence in
Japanese S&T. More than two-thirds of our respondents across all fields and other attributes
made comments to this effect. Also, despite observations of improved performance (e.g., more
Japanese research articles published in major international academic journals, more substantive
Japanese participation in international conferences and seminars, more opportunities for international
researchers in Japan, and positive changes, such as special grants for young scientists
and less hierarchical environments at places like RIKEN), our respondents generally emphasized
that Japan has to do more and hasten the speed of change. In this regard, about onequarter
of all respondents highlighted, in particular, their perception of rapid improvements
in S&T in China and India overall or within their own fields, and several commented that
Chinese and Indian researchers were more independent and bold in their approach to research
than Japanese researchers. These traits, in their view, will help to propel Chinese and Indian
researchers to the forefront of global science.
Also, our respondents did not generally characterize Japanese research as creative or innovative,
even though it was invariably described as good or on par with the top one, two, or
three leaders in the world. About one-fifth of the respondents attributed their perception of
lack of creativity and critical thinking in Japanese research to rigidities in Japanese culture.
On research funding in Japan, respondents in general perceived Japan to provide a high
level of R&D support. Their criticisms lie in how the funds are allocated. About half a dozen
respondents explicitly criticized the bias in funding for older, established researchers, and about
half spoke of a need to move away from top-down–driven funding in R&D and the need for
merit-based awards and urged special grants to support young researchers.
Finally, more than half of our respondents saw the general absence of female researchers
in Japan and low proficiency in English and communication skills as serious weaknesses in any
effort to improve Japan’s S&T performance.
Feedback from our 55 respondents does not appear to differ by location or career points.
As for gender, both male and female respondents across all fields, locations, and career points
spoke of the need to expand opportunities for female and junior researchers in Japan. Generally,
those respondents identified as having a high level of experience in Japan or with Japanese
research have a more positive opinion of Japanese research (e.g., lauding the achievements of a
particular Japanese research team or noting the success of special programs that target young
researchers). Yet, they were no less critical of perceived shortcomings and weaknesses in the
Japanese S&T institutions and communities.
Recommendations from our respondents focused on six points (presented by frequency
with which they were mentioned and not in order of sequence or hierarchy). They are consistent
with those recommended by the experts we interviewed for our 2004 study.
1. Prioritize proficiency in oral and written English to improve communication and interactions
with the international scientific community at meetings, submissions to academic
journals, in online dialogues, and the like.
2. Emphasize merit in research funding, promotion, hiring, and all else to mitigate social
and institutional barriers that permeate research organizations and management bodies
in Japan.
3. Increase the number of short-term visits by international scientists (e.g., to attend conferences
and through fixed-term fellowships in Japan), and fully integrate foreign students,
faculty, and researchers into the Japanese system.
4. Increase the number of students, faculty, and researchers Japan sends overseas for education,
exchanges, and short-term stays (e.g., one- to two-year postdoctoral fellowships
and yearlong sabbaticals).
5. Emphasize critical, independent thinking skills in Japan’s secondary and tertiary education
systems.
6. Continue to fund research, including more support for international R&D, and to
improve research facilities and workplace quality.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to MRI and the National Institute of Science and Technology Policy of Japan’s
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) for this opportunity
to provide research support to the Japanese government in its formulation of its next
national basic science and technology plan.
We also thank the 55 experts who accepted our request for input. Their experiences and
insights, gained from years to decades of work in scientific research, are the foundation for the
thoughtful comments they shared with us.
意识形态领域斗争要敢于亮剑
中国模式再讨论（Kurlantzick）
官语“新话”（Newspeak）
美国佬改变的山寨STYLE
日本的回应：莫把三星和韩国竞争力混为一谈
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Abbreviations
AIST National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
ATR Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research
CSTP Council for Science and Technology Policy
DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
ERC European Research Council
EU European Union
ICT information and communication technology
JAIST Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
JSPS Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
MEXT Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
MRI Mitsubishi Research Institute
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NIH National Institutes of Health
NII National Institute of Informatics
NIMS National Institute for Materials Science
NSF National Science Foundation
NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
PISA Programme for International Student Assessment
R&D research and development
S&T science and technology
TIMSS-R Third International Mathematics and Science Study—Repeat
WPI World Premier International Research Center
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CHAPTER ONE Introduction
Japan introduced its first five-year basic science and technology (S&T) plan (1996–2000) in
1996. The second basic plan (2001–2005) and the third basic plan (2006–2010) (Government
of Japan, 2006) followed, and preparations are now under way to formulate the fourth basic
plan (2011–2015). These basic plans support Japanese government efforts to promote research
and development (R&D) activities—specifically, according to the Japanese government, to
meet social and economic needs, create intellectual assets for Japan, enable Japan to contribute
to global science and international development, and define measures necessary to achieve
these goals.
The Japanese government places great emphasis on ensuring the country’s vitality in S&T
and on remaining at the forefront of global science. It is in this spirit that the Japanese government
uses its basic S&T plans to guide R&D promotion.
Objective of the Study
The Mitsubishi Research Institute (MRI) of Japan, which is providing research support to
the Japanese government in the formulation of the next basic S&T plan, asked the RAND
Corporation to interview 50 top researchers across 25 scientific fields in the life sciences, environmental
science, information and communication technology (ICT), and nanotechnology
and materials science in the United States, the European Union (EU), and Switzerland. Our
task is to collect their personal assessments of how well Japan performs in their fields and areas
of research, including major R&D accomplishments; strengths and weaknesses of Japanese
research institutions; quality of students, young scientists, and researchers in Japan; and to
solicit interviewees’ input on what is essential to promote excellence and innovation in scientific
research.
The expert responses and recommendations collected would feed into analysis by MRI for
the government of Japan, specifically the Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP),
to formulate the fourth basic S&T plan.1 CSTP, located in the Office of the Prime Minister of
Japan, is responsible for shaping S&T policy in Japan.
Study Method
MRI, in consultation with CSTP, defined the 25 fields and placed them in the four major categories
shown in Table 1.1. These fields and categories were chosen because they are priorities
in the current S&T basic plan of Japan (2006–2010) and because the Japanese government has
the explicit goal of improving Japan’s world standing in these fields. (We recognize that these
fields and categories do not necessarily represent a definitive taxonomy of all scientific research.
Nor are they exclusionary of one another, because the boundaries of S&T fields are always
fuzzy and are becoming increasingly so as research becomes more interdisciplinary.)
Since the objective and scope of this study is the same as the 2004 RAND study for MRI,
we employed the same study method used for the 2004 project. It is important to reiterate that
the objective of this research is to collect qualitative feedback from U.S.- and European-based
experts and to produce a summary of their responses in a final report. As such, we do not have
the mandate or the time and resources to review literature on the current state of Japanese S&T
or to produce a final report with anything beyond what we were tasked to do.
Participation in the interviews was strictly voluntary. Respondents were asked open-ended
questions that focused on four topics chosen by MRI and CSTP:2
competitiveness of Japanese S&T institutions, especially how Japan compares with other
scientifically advanced nations
important scientific research accomplishments in Japan, with a particular focus on the
past five years
quality of Japanese science education
ideas for Japan or lessons learned from experience on how to increase excellence in national
S&T capacity (e.g., other institutional models or national mechanisms that are perceived
as most successful to foster excellent research so that extensive experience with the Japanese
system was not a requirement for identifying leading researchers).
Categories and Fields
All information received is treated with confidentiality. Respondents had the prerogative
to answer any or none of the questions as they pleased. They could also provide comments on
other matters or issues that they believed were pertinent to S&T capacity building in general
and for Japan in particular.
For this study, our respondents included junior scientists who are “rising stars” in their
own fields. The decision to include such junior scientists was made in consultation with our
sponsor. By rising stars, we mean those younger and high-performing researchers who work
at the cutting edge of their fields. We thought that the perspectives and experience of rising
stars could complement those of senior, more-established researchers who represent the moreconventional
definition of top expert. With increased Japanese government efforts to expand
opportunities for young international researchers to work in Japan under its current and previous
basic S&T plans, rising stars could inform us of their experience in Japan or their reasons
for choosing (or not choosing) to work in Japan.
We identified respondents using a combination of methods because each method has
strengths and limitations and affords us different metrics to gauge a researcher’s prominence
in his or her field. The results of searches using one method were checked against the results
of searches using one or several other methods to ascertain whether an individual researcher
would meet our definition of expert. Alternatively, the results of searches using one method
might be used to generate searches using another tool or method. In general, each potential
respondent must be considered a highly influential scientist by more than one method.
First, we made use of databases on scientific publications and citations. Specifically, we
used two ISI Web of Knowledge databases: the Science Citation Index and the Journal Citation
Reports. Results generated by searches in these two databases were then compared against
individuals identified through other methods described to ascertain their expert status.
In utilizing the Science Citation Index, the main search criteria were number of publications
and citations. The results show how often, in what journal, and by whom a scholarly
article is published or cited. The citation criterion suggests whether a researcher has published
influential research. Quality outweighs quantity in determining whether particular researchers
should be regarded as leaders or experts in their fields or subfields.
The Journal Citation Reports differ from the Science Citation Index in that they rank
journals by field, number of citations, and other factors, including timeliness of the research,
editorial content, and international diversity of authors. This allowed the RAND team to
gauge the impact of particular research publications, as well as the extent to which publications
are the results of collaborations involving individuals from different institutions and countries.
For the purpose of this research, we narrowed our search to researchers who are based
in the United States, Canada, EU, and Switzerland. It is the location of their institutional
affiliation that interests us, not their country of birth, ethnicity, or citizenship, because that is
where the system of S&T best practices occurs. In searching for agricultural-science experts, for example, we used the keywords “agriculture” and “agricultural science,” then filtered the
results by subject areas defined by Web of Knowledge. These subject areas for agriculturalscience
experts were “agriculture,” “multidisciplinary,” “agronomy,” “food science and technology,”
and “agricultural engineering.” Then the results were sorted by country, to produce
a total of 3,010 articles in agriculture. We further refined our sorting by criteria that included
“the most-cited authors” and “the most-published authors” based on information provided in
the citation databases. Journals in which these most-cited authors and most-published authors
are named were compared with the elite, top-tier journals in this field. The most-elite, top-tier
journals for agricultural research in 2007 were the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
and Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. The same method was repeated for other research
areas, producing several hundred names in total as potential candidates for our interviews.
Second, we identified researchers by going directly to particular elite, top-tier general and
field-specific scientific journals (e.g., Nature, Science, Physical Review Letters). General ones,
such as Nature and Science, are widely known, while expertise within the RAND research
team guided selection of field-specific ones.3 We used names of researchers who have published
in these elite, top-tier journals to generate additional searches using the Science Citation Index
and the Journal Citation Reports with the method just described and cross-checked them
against the initial list generated.
We did this because a major weakness of the two ISI Web of Knowledge databases is that
they do not discriminate well between scientists with similar names—that is, a search may
identify not only the works of the intended scientist but also those belonging to other scientists
with similar names. Another weakness is that the frequency with which a paper is cited is not
a true indication of its quality. A paper might be cited many times over because it is used to
illustrate what is not done right in research, for example. Also, when publications have multiple
authors—and they frequently do—citation databases do not tell us the level or quality of
contribution made by a particular author. Thus, we use authorship in these top-tier journals as
a means to refine our search for researchers responsible for the most-influential or -innovative
work.
Third, in addition to citations, we used major merit awards as another way to identify and
refine our search for top researchers. By major merit awards, we mean those that are intended
to honor the professional stature or contributions of their recipients, and they may or may not
include monetary grants for research. We also consider induction into prestigious bodies, such
as membership in the National Academy of Sciences or the Royal Society, as a type of major
merit award. We believe that to be selected to receive a major merit award is a clear reflection
of professional success in the eyes of one’s peers. Some major merit awards honor cumulative
accomplishments or general reputation; some are more specific to a field or type of accomplishment.
Since awards often honor a career body of work, we do not impose a five-year time frame
on them. These awards include the Comstock Prize in Physics, the David Adler Lectureship
Award in the Field of Materials Physics, the J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics,
and the Wolf Foundation Prize in Physics, as well other awards given by the Alexander von
Humboldt Foundation, the Association for Computing Machinery, the Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique, the International Mathematical Union, and the Royal Swedish Academy
of Sciences. For junior researchers, we focused on field-specific awards (e.g., the Beckman Young Investigators Program) and those that target outstanding young scientists in all research
fields worldwide (e.g., the European Young Investigator Awards).
Again, researchers identified via this method were cross-checked against others used to
determine their expert status. For example, we would search the publication record of recipients
of major awards and against the results of our citation and publication searches.
Fourth, we looked for those individuals who hold top leadership positions at major professional
societies and the editorial boards of journals with the highest impact factors in their
fields (as indicated by the Journal Citation Reports) or serve on selection committees for major
merit awards. To serve in such capacities, experts must have a deep awareness of what is the
state of the art in research. They must also (in theory, at least) understand what has helped
advance their field and what may chart its path into the future. Internet searches for the websites
of major professional societies, top-tier journals, and awards enabled us to identify experts
who fall into this category. We also utilized online access to a database of scientists from all
over the world that the European Science Foundation compiles and maintains to identify peer
reviewers for its research-grant selections. And again, the names for individuals identified using
this method were subject to searches using other methods described here.
Our final, and fifth, method involved referrals from the researchers we contacted for
interviews. The researchers we contacted, identified through the above steps, were deemed to
have the expertise necessary to address the questions raised in this study or know about R&D
in Japan. Considering their expertise and professional networks within their fields, we believe
that they are in a good position to give us additional candidates for interviews. In this manner,
we received a small number of suggestions, and their professional qualifications were vetted
using the methods described before their names were added to our list of researchers to contact
for interviews.
In contacting researchers for interviews, RAND-approved human subject–protection
protocols were used to ensure compliance with federal regulations for the protection of personal
data. This includes a data-safeguarding plan that describes how the data collected for
this investigation will be stored, how long they will be kept, and when they will be destroyed.
All RAND researchers on this project signed a data confidentiality agreement, which states
the responsibilities involved in data collection, storage, transfer, and use. Finally, we provided
respondents information on the purpose of this study and how the data collected would be
handled and used, and we obtained their oral consent prior to beginning our telephone interviews
with them.
Interviews were completed between November 2008 and February 2009. Participation
in this study was strictly voluntary, and a semistructured questionnaire (see Appendix A) was
used to guide our conversations with them. Respondents were free to answer any of the questions
(or none at all) and in an open-ended fashion. All interviews were done via telephone
subsequently to initial contact via email. The interviews lasted between 45 and 60 minutes on
average. Most were conducted in English and some in German, French, Italian, and Spanish.
Summaries for each interview—stripped of all personally identifiable data, in the interest of
confidentiality—can be found in Appendix B.
Characterizing Our Respondents
We completed interviews with a total of 55 researchers after contacting about 100 of the
researchers identified. We gave priority to contacting those with the highest professional qualifications
(e.g., top scientific prize winners and those regarded as most influential in their fields).
We also tried to collect data from experts for each of the 25 fields. Since participation was
voluntary, the number of researchers for each category and field, as well as by other attributes
shown in Table 1.2, is strictly the result of individual researchers accepting our request for
input. Thus, having more respondents in the life sciences than other categories or more female
researchers in the life sciences than other categories may be happenstance. We caution against
any assumptions without more in-depth investigation.
All 55 respondents are affiliated with universities or publicly funded research laboratories
or both. By location, a total of 20 respondents are based in the United States, 33 in the EU,
one in Switzerland, and one in Russia. (Although our sponsor did not name Russia as a location,
our effort to identify top experts pointed to a few Russia-based ones, and one accepted
our request for interview.) More than two-thirds of them had received graduate education,
did postdoctoral research, or had held professorships outside their birth countries or in multiple countries. Also, among our respondents, one was originally from Japan. This researcher
informed us that he left Japan for graduate education and a career in the United States because
he thinks that the United States offers superior education and professional opportunities to
those in Japan. These respondents’ international mobility reflects the global nature of science.
Number of Respondents, by Key Attributes
In terms of the number of respondents for each category, the largest number is in the
life sciences, followed by nanotechnology and materials science, environmental science, and
ICT. By category, an even number of respondents are based in the United States and Europe
in the life sciences and ICT (nine and five, respectively), while the number of European-based
respondents significantly outnumbers the U.S.-based ones in the environmental science and
materials science categories (nine to two and 13 to three, respectively).
In terms of their career point, 42 senior and 13 junior researchers spoke with us. Among
the senior researchers, 14 are in the life sciences, eight in environmental science, seven in ICT,
and 13 in nanotechnology and materials science. For the junior researchers, their numbers for
these categories are four, three, three, and three, respectively. Further, by career point and location,
senior European-based researchers are the largest subgroup, followed by senior U.S.-based
researchers (15), junior European-based researchers (nine), and junior U.S.-based researchers
(four).
By gender alone, there were 44 male and 11 female respondents. Female researchers made
up half of all respondents in the life sciences, but they were in far smaller numbers in the other
three categories. Combining gender and career point, senior male researchers lead (37), followed
by junior male (seven), junior female (six), and senior female (five) researchers.
As for their level of professional experience in Japan or with Japanese research, 28 respondents
were designed as low, 14 as moderate, and 13 as high. The greatest number and share
of respondents with high designations are found in the life sciences and nanotechnology and
materials science. These designations are based on a combination of respondent self-assessment
and the content of their responses.
Among respondents based in the United States, eight have a low level, five have a moderate
level, and six have a high level of professional experience in Japan or with Japanese research.
Among respondents based in Europe, 21 have a low level, seven have a moderate level, and
seven have a high level of professional experience in Japan or with Japanese research.
The designation of low, moderate, or high is based on a combination of respondent selfassessment
and the information the RAND research team received from the respondents.
This attribute, we believe, informs our interpretation of their responses. We consider as low
those experts with no current or prior collaborations with Japanese researchers and institutions,
few or no visits to Japan, and minimal awareness of Japanese research in their research areas.
Those with a moderate level might have had prior collaborations with Japanese researchers or
institutions, some visits to Japan and interactions with Japanese researchers at professional
forums in Japan or elsewhere in the world, and some awareness of Japanese research in their
research areas. Those with a high level might have current or recent collaborations with Japanese
researchers or institutions or multiple visits to Japan; experience teaching, doing research,
or participating in advisory panels in Japan; and a high level of awareness of Japanese research
in their research areas.
意识形态领域斗争要敢于亮剑
中国模式再讨论（Kurlantzick）
官语“新话”（Newspeak）
美国佬改变的山寨STYLE
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Caveats（附加说明） on Data and Analysis
The information we collected from our respondents is necessarily subjective, as it is based on
personal experiences, observations, and impressions about the quality of the scientific research
system and research results produced in Japan. This is something RAND and the sponsor recognize
from the outset, and, per the objective of this study and intent of our sponsor, this is not
considered a problem. Nevertheless, we proffer a few caveats to our readers.
First, the expert input we received typically addressed conditions within the narrower
scope of a respondent’s specialized research areas rather than for the whole field or the major
category to which a field is assigned in this study. When comments address Japanese science
education overall, for example, we make that explicit.
Second, comments by our respondents might reflect their experience of a particular time
and place. Consequently, two experts in the same research area can have vastly different experiences
and opinions. Such differences of opinion are reported without any attempt on our part
to query the reasons for their divergence or to reconcile them, as the latter is not the objective
of this study or a mandate by our sponsor.
Third, minority viewpoints are treated with the same respect accorded to majority viewpoints
in our reporting here. The fact that something was mentioned by a majority of respondents
does not necessarily make it more valid than something that was observed by only one or
two respondents. Also, our sponsor is interested in the full range of viewpoints and experiences
rather than what is the consensus or majority.
Fourth, again, we do not assess the validity of the information provided to us by our
respondents. The objective of this research is strictly to collect expert feedback and summarize
it in this report. Particular viewpoints, statements, or experiences expressed by our respondents
may deserve additional investigation to ascertain their validity and potential ramifications for
Japanese government policy. However, the focus and resources for this research do not permit
us to undertake such additional investigation.
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---
layout: post
title: ToxoDB 4.1 is released
category: [ToxoDB]
---
ToxoDB 4.1 delivers the apicoplast genome and has incorporated the genomic sequence of T. gondii
VEG and RH (Chr Ia and Chr Ib) strains. The Genome Browser offers tracks for the ESTs from dbEST, ORFs
and the Affymetrix Probe Data (provided by Amit Bahl, Roos Lab, University of Pennsylvania). We also provide
Nucmer alignment of GT1, VEG and RH strains against the reference ME49 strain and SNPs generated from this
alignment. The Gene page now includes matches to Interpro protein domains and ESTs.
The ToxoDB 4.1 site also includes new features such as allowing you to keep your
Query History for later use, an improved keyword search and a significantly
upgraded Query & Tools page.
New data and queries in ToxoDB 4.1:
- Apicoplast genome and annotation
- Affymetrix probes mapped to genome, available in GBrowse
- Nucmer Alignments SNPs of VEG and RH (Chr Ia and Chr Ib) strains
- Toxoplasma ESTs mapped to genome, from the Oct. 2, 2006 release of dbEST
- Interproscan analysis of Toxoplasma proteins
- ORFs greater than 50aa
New features in ToxoDB 4.1:
- A recently designed User Login process. This will allow for:
- making use of the new Persistent Query History functionality, i.e. retrieve your past searches for
current use, as well as save further searches for the future.
- using the "Add a Comment" facility, for commenting on genes and chromosomes/scaffolds.
- adding yourself to mailing list of ToxoDB, and other ApiDB member sites.
- There are now queries available on SNP, EST and ORF datatypes, along with those on genes and sequences.
- Query History page provides additional functionality. For example, user can now rename performed
queries; or delete all queries with press of a button, in addition to doing boolean operations on
query results as well as viewing or downloading these.
- Reorganized Query and Tools page
- Improved text search


Police in south Belfast help 'Holylands Batman' to safety
A MAN dressed in a Batman costume was rescued by police in south Belfast's Holylands area after he became caught dangling upside down from a railing.
An image of the unusual late-night rescue effort ahead of Halloween was widely shared online, prompting many superhero-themed jokes from social media users.
The photo showed a police officer looking up at the caped crusader, whose foot appeared to be stuck on a railing in the back yard of a property.
A woman who posted the image on Twitter said that "only in the Holylands" would you find Batman "hanging from your fence by his shoelace".
The PSNI confirmed Tactical Support Group (TSG) officers responded to a report about a man at Palestine Street in the mainly student area on Tuesday night.
The Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service (NIFRS) and Northern Ireland Ambulance Service (NIAS) were also called to the scene.
"As TSG officers were on patrol in the area, at approximately 11pm, they were alerted by members of the public about a man, dressed in costume, who was dangling from a railing some distance off the ground," a spokesman said.
"Along with colleagues from the NIFRS and the NIAS the man, aged in his twenties, was subsequently removed safely and checked by paramedics at the scene.
"No injuries were reported at the time."
The image of the mishap prompted much reaction online.
One Twitter user wrote: "Bats sleep upside down, leave the lad alone to get some kip."
Another said: "Would love to know what the police officer thinking."
And one Twitter user joked: "Poor guy just wanted home for his dinner dinner dinner dinner," in reference to the theme tune of the 1960s Batman TV series starring Adam West.
Subscribe to our most read headlines in the evening newsletter


About Free Code Camp Baltimore
Free Code Camp Baltimore is the brain child of Grant and Eli, two intrepid web
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How to Join
Membership is free and open to anyone! Just stop by one of our regular monthly
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| Package | com.whirled.game |
| Class | public class GameSubControl |
| Inheritance | GameSubControl AbstractSubControl AbstractControl flash.events.EventDispatcher |
| Property | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| seating : SeatingSubControl
[read-only]
Access the 'seating' subcontrol.
| GameSubControl |
| Method | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
addEventListener(type:String, listener:Function, useCapture:Boolean = false, priority:int = 0, useWeakReference:Boolean = false):void
Registers an event listener.
| AbstractControl | ||
|
amInControl():Boolean
Returns true if we are in control of this game.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
amServerAgent():Boolean
Returns true if this control is connected to a server agent.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
doBatch(fn:Function, ... args):void
Execute the specified function as a batch of commands that will be sent to the server
together.
| AbstractSubControl | ||
|
endGameWithScore(score:int, gameMode:int = 0):void
A convenience function for ending a single player game with the supplied score.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
endGameWithScores(playerIds:Array, scores:Array, payoutType:int, gameMode:int = 0):void
Ends the game, reporting the scores earned by each player in the game, awarding coins
according to the specified strategy and updating player ratings.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
endGameWithWinners(winnerIds:Array, loserIds:Array, payoutType:int):void
Ends the game, declaring which players are the winners (if players tie, more than one player
can be declared a winner.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
endRound(nextRoundDelay:int = 0):void
Ends the current round.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
getConfig():Object
Get any game-specific configurations that were set up in the lobby.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
getControllerId():int
Returns the player id of the client that is in control of this game.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
getItemPacks():Array
Returns the set of all item packs available to this game as an array of objects with the
following properties:
ident - string identifier of item pack name - human readable name of item pack mediaURL - URL for item pack content | GameSubControl | ||
|
getLevelPacks():Array
Returns the set of all level packs available to this game as an array of objects with the
following properties:
ident - string identifier of item pack name - human readable name of item pack mediaURL - URL for item pack content premium - boolean indicating that content is premium or not | GameSubControl | ||
|
getMyId():int
Returns this client's player id.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
getOccupantIds():Array
Returns the player ids of all occupants in the game room: players and watchers.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
getOccupantName(playerId:int):String
Get the display name of the specified occupant.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
getParty(partyId:int):PartySubControl
Get the party control for the specified party.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
getPartyIds():Array
Return the ids of all parties presently in this game.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
getRound():int
Returns the current round number.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
getTurnHolderId():int
Returns the player id of the current turn holder, or 0 if it's nobody's turn.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
isConnected():Boolean
Are we connected and running inside the whirled environment, or has someone just
loaded up our SWF by itself?
| AbstractSubControl | ||
|
isInPlay():Boolean
Is the game currently in play?
| GameSubControl | ||
|
isMyTurn():Boolean
A convenience method to just check if it's our turn.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
loadItemPackData(ident:String, onLoaded:Function, onFailure:Function):void
Loads the binary data for the item pack with the specified ident.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
loadLevelPackData(ident:String, onLoaded:Function, onFailure:Function):void
Loads the binary data for the level pack with the specified ident.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
playerReady():void
If the game was not configured to auto-start, which is determined by the 2nd parameter to
the GameControl constructor, then all player clients must call this function to let the
server know that they are ready, at which point the game will be started.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
removeEventListener(type:String, listener:Function, useCapture:Boolean = false):void
Unregisters an event listener.
| AbstractControl | ||
|
restartGameIn(seconds:int):void
Requests to start the game again in the specified number of seconds.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
startNextTurn(nextPlayerId:int = 0):void
Start the next player's turn.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
systemMessage(msg:String):void
Send a system chat message that will be seen by everyone in the game room,
even observers.
| GameSubControl | ||
|
takeOverPlayer(playerId:int):void
Tells the system that the server agent will take over for the specified player.
| GameSubControl |
| Event | Summary | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dispatched when the controller changes for the game. | GameSubControl | |||
| Dispatched when the game ends. | GameSubControl | |||
| Dispatched when the game starts, usually after all players are present. | GameSubControl | |||
| Dispatched when an occupant enters the game. | GameSubControl | |||
| Dispatched when an occupant leaves the game. | GameSubControl | |||
| Dispatched when a party arrives in the game. | GameSubControl | |||
| Dispatched when a party leaves the game. | GameSubControl | |||
| Dispatched when a round ends. | GameSubControl | |||
| Dispatched when a round starts. | GameSubControl | |||
| Dispatched when the turn changes in a turn-based game. | GameSubControl | |||
| Event.UNLOAD Dispatched when the SWF using this control has been unloaded. | AbstractControl | |||
| Dispatched when a user chats. | GameSubControl |
| Constant | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CASCADING_PAYOUT : int = 0 [static] Cascading payout skews awards toward the winners by giving 50% of last place's payout to
first place, 25% to the next inner pair of opponents (third to second in a four player game,
for example), and so on.
| GameSubControl | ||
| PROPORTIONAL : int = 3 [static] Proportional is used for games where there is no way to measure player's performance
against a global standard, but where the scores are subjective to the particular players
currently playing.
| GameSubControl | ||
| SERVER_AGENT_ID : int = -2.147483648E9 [static] ID constant returned by
getMyId when called by a game's server agent. | GameSubControl | ||
| TO_EACH_THEIR_OWN : int = 2 [static] Each player receives a payout based only on their score and not influenced by the
scores of any other player.
| GameSubControl | ||
| WINNERS_TAKE_ALL : int = 1 [static] Winner takes all splits the total coins available to award to all players in the game among
those identified as winners at the end of the game.
| GameSubControl |
| seating | property |
seating:SeatingSubControl
[read-only]Access the 'seating' subcontrol. Note that this will be null in "party" games, because there's no such thing as seats.
Implementation public function get seating():SeatingSubControl
| amInControl | () | method |
public function amInControl():Boolean
Returns true if we are in control of this game. False if another client is in control. Always returns false when called from the game's server agent.
ReturnsBoolean |
| amServerAgent | () | method |
public function amServerAgent():Boolean
Returns true if this control is connected to a server agent.
ReturnsBoolean |
| endGameWithScore | () | method |
public function endGameWithScore(score:int, gameMode:int = 0):void
A convenience function for ending a single player game with the supplied score. This is
equivalent to: endGameWithScores([ getMyId() ], [ score ], TO_EACH_THEIR_OWN)
.
Please read the endGameWithScores
documentation for information on the range of
allowable scores.
Note that if a single player game is ended with a score of zero, it will be assumed that the player in question abandoned the game and no coins will be paid out, nor will their rating be updated.
Parametersscore:int |
|
gameMode:int (default = 0 )
|
| endGameWithScores | () | method |
public function endGameWithScores(playerIds:Array, scores:Array, payoutType:int, gameMode:int = 0):void
Ends the game, reporting the scores earned by each player in the game, awarding coins according to the specified strategy and updating player ratings.
Coins are awarded based on the supplied payout type, either CASCADING_PAYOUT, WINNERS_TAKE_ALL or TO_EACH_THEIR_OWN. In the case of WINNERS_TAKE_CALL, the highest scoring player or players will be considered the winner(s) and in the case of CASCADING_PAYOUT, players will be ranked according to their scores, higher scores being considered better.
If coins are awarded, a COINS_AWARDED event will be dispatched before the GAME_ENDED event is dispatched informing the client that the game has ended.
Both rating and a player's coin payout will be adjusted based on their score. Whirled will track every score reported by your game for its entire existence and will convert newly reported scores to a percentile value between 0 and 99 (inclusive) indicating the percentage of scores in the entire score history that are below the reported score. That percentile ranking will be used to adjust the players rating as well as to determine their individual coin payout.
Note that scores must be positive integers between 0 and 2^30<PHONE_NUMBER>) and higher scores are considered better, so if your game naturally operates with scores where lower is better (elapsed time in a racing game, for example), then you must convert your score to a positive integer by, for example, subtracting your score from a hypothentical worse possible score. For example:
score = Math.max(WORST_POSSIBLE_TIME - actualTime, 1)
Note that if a game is ended with all players scores equal of zero, it will be assumed that the players in question abandoned the game and no coins will be paid out, nor will their ratings be updated.
The gameMode
parameter allows you to maintain separate score distributions
for different game modes. If your game contains different modes which use scores that are
not comparable to one another, or you have various game levels for which you would like to
track individual score distributions, you can assign each an integer value between 0 and 99.
Only 100 game modes are allowed.
playerIds:Array |
|
scores:Array |
|
payoutType:int |
|
gameMode:int (default = 0 )
|
| endGameWithWinners | () | method |
public function endGameWithWinners(winnerIds:Array, loserIds:Array, payoutType:int):void
Ends the game, declaring which players are the winners (if players tie, more than one player can be declared a winner. In addition to ending the game, this method awards coins and updates players ratings.
Coins are awarded based on the supplied payout type, either CASCADING_PAYOUT or WINNERS_TAKE_ALL. In the case of WINNERS_TAKE_ALL, the losers will have all of their individual coin payouts combined into a pool and that pool will be evenly divided among the winners and added to their respective individual coin payouts. In the case of CASCADING_PAYOUT, the losers will only have 50% of their individual coin payouts given to the winners.
If coins are awarded, a COINS_AWARDED event will be dispatched before the GAME_ENDED event is dispatched informing the client that the game has ended.
Players' ratings will also be updated using the Elo algorigthm wherein each player is rated against the average ratings of the players that the defeated or were defeated by. In a two player game this degenerates into the standard Elo algorithm.
ParameterswinnerIds:Array |
|
loserIds:Array |
|
payoutType:int |
See also
| endRound | () | method |
public function endRound(nextRoundDelay:int = 0):void
Ends the current round. If nextRoundDelay is greater than zero, the next round will be
started in the specified number of seconds, otherwise no next round will be started. This
method should not be called at the end of the last round, instead endGame()
should be called.
nextRoundDelay:int (default = 0 )
|
| getConfig | () | method |
public function getConfig():Object
Get any game-specific configurations that were set up in the lobby.
ReturnsObject — an Object containing config names mapping to their values.
|
| getControllerId | () | method |
public function getControllerId():int
Returns the player id of the client that is in control of this game.
Returnsint |
| getItemPacks | () | method |
public function getItemPacks():Array
Returns the set of all item packs available to this game as an array of objects with the following properties:
ident - string identifier of item pack name - human readable name of item pack mediaURL - URL for item pack contentReturns
Array |
| getLevelPacks | () | method |
public function getLevelPacks():Array
Returns the set of all level packs available to this game as an array of objects with the following properties:
ident - string identifier of item pack name - human readable name of item pack mediaURL - URL for item pack content premium - boolean indicating that content is premium or notReturns
Array |
| getMyId | () | method |
public function getMyId():int
Returns this client's player id. If this method is called from the game's server agent, the
result is SERVER_AGENT_ID
. The method amServerAgent
can be used to
explicitly test for this case.
int |
See also
| getOccupantIds | () | method |
public function getOccupantIds():Array
Returns the player ids of all occupants in the game room: players and watchers. The occupants will be returned in no particular order, and unlike getPlayerIds() there will never be any zeros in the array.
ReturnsArray |
| getOccupantName | () | method |
public function getOccupantName(playerId:int):String
Get the display name of the specified occupant. Two players may have the same name: always use playerId to purposes of identification and comparison. The name is for display only. Will be null is the specified playerId is not present.
ParametersplayerId:int |
String |
| getParty | () | method |
public function getParty(partyId:int):PartySubControl
Get the party control for the specified party. Note that this will always return a PartySubControl, even for partyIds that are not present in the game. Be careful.
ParameterspartyId:int |
PartySubControl |
| getPartyIds | () | method |
public function getPartyIds():Array
Return the ids of all parties presently in this game.
ReturnsArray |
| getRound | () | method |
public function getRound():int
Returns the current round number. Rounds start at 1 and increase if the game calls
endRound
with a next round timeout. Between rounds, it returns a
negative number, corresponding to the negation of the round that just ended.
int |
See also
| getTurnHolderId | () | method |
public function getTurnHolderId():int
Returns the player id of the current turn holder, or 0 if it's nobody's turn.
Returnsint |
| isInPlay | () | method |
public function isInPlay():Boolean
Is the game currently in play?
ReturnsBoolean |
| isMyTurn | () | method |
public function isMyTurn():Boolean
A convenience method to just check if it's our turn.
ReturnsBoolean |
| loadItemPackData | () | method |
public function loadItemPackData(ident:String, onLoaded:Function, onFailure:Function):void
Loads the binary data for the item pack with the specified ident.
Parametersident:String — the identifier of the item pack to be loaded.
|
|
onLoaded:Function — a function with the signature: function (data :ByteArray) :void
that will be called with the item pack data if it loads successfully.
|
|
onFailure:Function — a function with the signature: function (error :Error) :void
that will be called if the pack loading fails.
|
| loadLevelPackData | () | method |
public function loadLevelPackData(ident:String, onLoaded:Function, onFailure:Function):void
Loads the binary data for the level pack with the specified ident.
Parametersident:String — the identifier of the level pack to be loaded.
|
|
onLoaded:Function — a function with the signature: function (data :ByteArray) :void
that will be called with the level pack data if it loads successfully.
|
|
onFailure:Function — a function with the signature: function (error :Error) :void
that will be called if the pack loading fails.
|
| playerReady | () | method |
public function playerReady():void
If the game was not configured to auto-start, which is determined by the 2nd parameter to the GameControl constructor, then all player clients must call this function to let the server know that they are ready, at which point the game will be started.
This method is also used for rematches: once a game has started and finished, all clients can call this function again to start a new game.
| restartGameIn | () | method |
public function restartGameIn(seconds:int):void
Requests to start the game again in the specified number of seconds. This should only be used for party games. Seated table games (including single player games) should have each player report that they are ready again and the game will automatically start.
Parametersseconds:int |
| startNextTurn | () | method |
public function startNextTurn(nextPlayerId:int = 0):void
Start the next player's turn. If a playerId is specified, that player's turn will be next. Otherwise the turn will be assigned randomly the first time, after that following the "natural" turn order. In a seated game, the natural order follows the seating order. In a party game, the natural order is to give the turn to the player that has been around the longest without getting a turn.
ParametersnextPlayerId:int (default = 0 )
|
| systemMessage | () | method |
public function systemMessage(msg:String):void
Send a system chat message that will be seen by everyone in the game room, even observers.
Parametersmsg:String |
| takeOverPlayer | () | method |
public function takeOverPlayer(playerId:int):void
Tells the system that the server agent will take over for the specified player. If a game wishes the take over the control for a departed player to allow the other players to continue to play with an AI in that player's position or without the player entirely, this method can be used. Only call this method for players that have left the game.
Note: this method can only be called by the server agent. Parameters
playerId:int |
| ControlChanged | event |
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent.CONTROL_CHANGED
Dispatched when the controller changes for the game.
Indicates that a new controller has been assigned.
| GameEnded | event |
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent.GAME_ENDED
Dispatched when the game ends.
Indicates that the game has transitioned to a ended state.
| GameStarted | event |
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent.GAME_STARTED
Dispatched when the game starts, usually after all players are present.
Indicates that the game has transitioned to a started state.
| OccupantEntered | event |
com.whirled.game.OccupantChangedEvent
com.whirled.game.OccupantChangedEvent.OCCUPANT_ENTERED
Dispatched when an occupant enters the game.
| OccupantLeft | event |
com.whirled.game.OccupantChangedEvent
com.whirled.game.OccupantChangedEvent.OCCUPANT_LEFT
Dispatched when an occupant leaves the game.
| partyEntered | event |
com.whirled.ControlEvent
com.whirled.party.PartySubControl.PARTY_ENTERED
Dispatched when a party arrives in the game.
An event type dispatched on the GameSubControl when a party joins the game.
name - not used
value - partyId
| partyLeft | event |
com.whirled.ControlEvent
com.whirled.party.PartySubControl.PARTY_LEFT
Dispatched when a party leaves the game.
An event type dispatched on the GameSubControl when a party leaves the game.
name - not used
value - partyId
| RoundEnded | event |
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent.ROUND_ENDED
Dispatched when a round ends.
Indicates that the current round has ended.
| RoundStarted | event |
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent.ROUND_STARTED
Dispatched when a round starts.
Indicates that a round has started. Games that do not require multiple rounds can ignore this event.
| TurnChanged | event |
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent
com.whirled.game.StateChangedEvent.TURN_CHANGED
Dispatched when the turn changes in a turn-based game.
Indicates that the turn has changed.
| UserChat | event |
com.whirled.game.UserChatEvent
com.whirled.game.UserChatEvent.USER_CHAT
Dispatched when a user chats.
The type of a property change event.
| CASCADING_PAYOUT | constant |
public static const CASCADING_PAYOUT:int = 0
Cascading payout skews awards toward the winners by giving 50% of last place's payout to first place, 25% to the next inner pair of opponents (third to second in a four player game, for example), and so on. It is very similar overall to WINNERS_TAKE_ALL, only it rewards everyone at least a little bit.
| PROPORTIONAL | constant |
public static const PROPORTIONAL:int = 3
Proportional is used for games where there is no way to measure player's performance against a global standard, but where the scores are subjective to the particular players currently playing. Each player vies to get their score the highest, and the coins are split up according to the relative scores.
| SERVER_AGENT_ID | constant |
public static const SERVER_AGENT_ID:int = -2.147483648E9
ID constant returned by getMyId
when called by a game's server agent.
See also
| TO_EACH_THEIR_OWN | constant |
public static const TO_EACH_THEIR_OWN:int = 2
Each player receives a payout based only on their score and not influenced by the scores of any other player.
| WINNERS_TAKE_ALL | constant |
public static const WINNERS_TAKE_ALL:int = 1
Winner takes all splits the total coins available to award to all players in the game among those identified as winners at the end of the game. When used with endGameWithScores, it is intended for games where each player's performance is independant of the others and can be measured against a global standard. The winner(s) will get more coins if they beat someone else who played well than if they beat someone who played poorly. Using it with endGameWithWinners() is intended for games in which there is no per-player score, just some player(s) defeating others. In this case, the game is stating that it cannot distinguish between an excellent player and a poor player, just one won over the others.


A replacement for TEXTAREA elements. © InteractiveTools.com, 2003-2004.
TEXTAREA
Plugins: SpellChecker (sponsored by American Bible Society).
This file deminstrates the SpellChecker plugin of HTMLArea. To inwoke the spell checkert you need to press the spell-check buton in the toolbar.
The spell-checker uses a serverside script written in Perl. The Perl script calls aspell for any word in the text and reports wordz that aren't found in the dyctionari.
The document that yu are reading now intentionaly containes some errorz, so that you have something to corect ;-)
Credits for the SpellChecker plugin go to:


WhyEngineer-ESP32
This is a lightweight webserver framework for esp32
github:
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The Taco LeakBreaker is a water heater leak protection device that protects again flood damage from the containment failure of a water heater. It consists of a control unit, valve with actuator and snesor. This resettable, testable protection device can be installed on any style water heater to shut-off the incoming water supply, preventing additional water flow to a damaged water heater. The two color LED light and audible alarm lets you know the status of the LeakBreaker at all times.


Alaska borough mayor aims to ban smoking in public parks
FAIRBANKS, Alaska (AP) - An Alaska borough mayor has proposed banning smoking from public parks, which would include cigarettes and vaping devices.
The Fairbanks Daily News-Miner reported Sunday that Fairbanks North Star Borough Bryce Ward has proposed a $50 fine for smoking in any park or area of a park posted as non-smoking.
State law already prohibits smoking in the seating areas of outdoor sports arenas and within 10 feet (3 meters) of playground equipment when children are present.
Fairbanks borough code does not cover smoking or vaping except where it applies to tobacco distribution excise tax.
Ward’s measure would enable park areas to be determined by the borough’s parks and recreation department and commission.
Borough Parks and Recreation Director Mike Bork says the proposal reinforces state law at the local level.
Information from: Fairbanks (Alaska) Daily News-Miner, http://www.newsminer.com
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Carmageddon Back End ReST API Documentation
Access authorization description
API Documentation by version:
Development
Version 1


interface ReactiveField<out T>
An observable value.
When the value of this ReactiveField is updated, observers are invoked.
val reactiveField: ReactiveField<Int> = state(0)
var i = 0
reactiveField.addObserver(fun (newValue: Int) {
i = newValue
})
reactiveField.value = 1
assertEquals(1, i)
Yes, this is a simple Observer-pattern.
But wait, in Vue.android, we don't have to add Observer. Vue.android provides a more elegant feature called Reactivatee.
val user = state<User?>(null)
usernameTextView.vBind.text { user()?.name }
// ^
// Here, () means "getting the current value of a ReactiveField 'user',
// and adding THIS LAMBDA ITSELF into a ReactiveField 'user' as an observer."
See Also
$vueInternal$value |
The current value of this ReactiveField. abstract val |
observerCount |
abstract val observerCount: Int |
addObserver |
add an observer for the value of this ReactiveField. abstract fun addObserver(observer: (Result<T>) -> Unit): Unit |
removeObserver |
remove an observer which was added via addObserver. abstract fun removeObserver(observer: (Result<T>) -> Unit): Unit |
value |
The current value of this ReactiveField. val <T> ReactiveField<T>.value: T |
invoke |
A shorthand for value. operator fun <T> ReactiveField<T>.invoke(): T |
GetterField |
computes a value from other ReactiveFields. This is also a ReactiveField. class GetterField<out T> : ReactiveField<T> |
StateField |
The most basic ReactiveField which stores one value. class StateField<T> : ReactiveField<T> |
StubPreferenceState |
PreferenceStateDelegate for a stub. But this may get ugly. class StubPreferenceState<T> : PreferenceState<T>, PreferenceStateDelegate<T>, ReactiveField<T> |