@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 7 def initialize(target, name, options={}) @declared_as = options[:__declared_as] || 'Mock' @target = target @name = name end
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 119 def self.raise_double_negation_error(wrapped_expression) raise "Isn't life confusing enough? You've already set a " + "negative message expectation and now you are trying to " + "negate it again with `never`. What does an expression like " + "`#{wrapped_expression}.not_to receive(:msg).never` even mean?" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 77 def describe_expectation(message, expected_received_count, actual_received_count, *args) "have received #{message}#{format_args(*args)} #{count_message(expected_received_count)}" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 58 def expected_part_of_expectation_error(expected_received_count, expectation_count_type, argument_list_matcher) "expected: #{count_message(expected_received_count, expectation_count_type)}" + method_call_args_description(argument_list_matcher.expected_args) end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 64 def method_call_args_description(args) if args.first.is_a?(ArgumentMatchers::AnyArgsMatcher) " with any arguments" elsif args.first.is_a?(ArgumentMatchers::NoArgsMatcher) " with no arguments" elsif args.length > 0 " with arguments: #{args.inspect.gsub(/\A\[(.+)\]\z/, '(\1)')}" else "" end end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 14 def opts @opts ||= {} end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 87 def raise_block_failed_error(message, detail) __raise "#{intro} received :#{message} but passed block failed with: #{detail}" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 45 def raise_expectation_error(message, expected_received_count, argument_list_matcher, actual_received_count, expectation_count_type, *args) expected_part = expected_part_of_expectation_error(expected_received_count, expectation_count_type, argument_list_matcher) received_part = received_part_of_expectation_error(actual_received_count, *args) __raise "(#{intro}).#{message}#{format_args(*args)}\n #{expected_part}\n #{received_part}" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 114 def raise_expectation_on_mocked_method(method) __raise "#{intro} expected to have received #{method}, but that " + "method has been mocked instead of stubbed." end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 108 def raise_expectation_on_unstubbed_method(method) __raise "#{intro} expected to have received #{method}, but that " + "method has not been stubbed." end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 92 def raise_missing_block_error(args_to_yield) __raise "#{intro} asked to yield |#{arg_list(*args_to_yield)}| but no block was passed" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 31 def raise_missing_default_stub_error(expectation, *args) expected_args = format_args(*expectation.expected_args) actual_args = format_received_args(*args) __raise "#{intro} received #{expectation.message.inspect} with unexpected arguments\n expected: #{expected_args}\n got: #{actual_args}\n Please stub a default value first if message might be received with other args as well. \n" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 102 def raise_only_valid_on_a_partial_mock(method) __raise "#{intro} is a pure mock object. `#{method}` is only " + "available on a partial mock object." end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 82 def raise_out_of_order_error(message) __raise "#{intro} received :#{message} out of order" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 38 def raise_similar_message_args_error(expectation, *args_for_multiple_calls) expected_args = format_args(*expectation.expected_args) actual_args = args_for_multiple_calls.collect {|a| format_received_args(*a)}.join(", ") __raise "#{intro} received #{expectation.message.inspect} with unexpected arguments\n expected: #{expected_args}\n got: #{actual_args}" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 24 def raise_unexpected_message_args_error(expectation, *args) expected_args = format_args(*expectation.expected_args) actual_args = format_received_args(*args) __raise "#{intro} received #{expectation.message.inspect} with unexpected arguments\n expected: #{expected_args}\n got: #{actual_args}" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 19 def raise_unexpected_message_error(message, *args) __raise "#{intro} received unexpected message :#{message}#{arg_message(*args)}" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 97 def raise_wrong_arity_error(args_to_yield, arity) __raise "#{intro} yielded |#{arg_list(*args_to_yield)}| to block with arity of #{arity}" end
@private
# File lib/rspec/mocks/error_generator.rb, line 52 def received_part_of_expectation_error(actual_received_count, *args) "received: #{count_message(actual_received_count)}" + method_call_args_description(args) end


Search terms are provided to the player using the data-search attribute. In this hypothetical example, we have entered the search term "web mouse" into a search field. On the search results page, the data-search attribute of the <video> element is populated "web mouse" on page. Also the data-search-div attribute is populated with the id of an external <div> in which to display the search results. Finally, data-include-transcript is set to "false", since there isn't room on this page for both search results and a transcript (although the latter is optional).
To search a video's caption or subtitle file in Able Player, add two or three attributes to the HTML media element:
This works as follows in a server-side application:
The current demo assumes a user has already submitted a search for the word "you".
In this example, data-search-ignore-caps is enabled, so the search results include all instances of "you", regardless of case.
Also in this example, data-include-transcript is set to "false", since there isn't room on this page for both search results and a transcript. A better design would accommodate both features.
See also the client-side search demo. For additional demos see the Index of Able Player Examples.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
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This project is under active development.
Until major version released, the API is a subject to change.
A wrapper over Window.postMessage()
and MessageChannel
to facilitate messaging between cross origin contexts.
The library exposes a connection function that returns a Promise
. On a successful connection, the Promise
is resolved with the courier
object to be used to send and listen to messages. Note: the child frame should call the connection function first.
npm i cross-origin-courier
import connect from 'cross-origin-courier';
// ...
connect().then(courier => {
courier.listen(handler);
courier.send({ answer: 42 });
});
function handler(data) {
// do your stuff
}
<script src="https://unpkg.com/cross-origin-courier"></script>
Loaded this way, the connection function is exposed under the following long-ish name
window.createCrossOrigConnection().then(courier => {
// ...
});
const options = {
passphrase: 'foo-bar-baz-qux',
isParent: true,
targetOrigin: '*',
};
createConnection(options).then(courier => {
// ...
});
| Option | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
passphrase |
string | 'DEFAULT_PASSPHRASE' | todo |
targetOrigin |
string | '*' | todo |
isParent |
boolean | false | todo |
| Method | Arguments | Description |
|---|---|---|
send |
data <any> |
Sends data to the counterparty |
listen |
dataHandler <(data: any) => void> |
Sets a handler for the counterparty messages |
Please find the full docs here
Copyright © 2021, Sergey Chernykh. Released under the MIT License.
Generated using TypeDoc


Multipurpose responsive template powered by Bootstrap
Beatrix is a super flexible HTML5 template that would perfectly fit a project of any size and complexity
Looks equally great on your laptop, tablet, and phone. Try to resize your window to see what we mean.
Build on the source LESS code or quickly get started with precompiled CSS if you are a novice developer.
Beatrix comes with a fully functional PHP contact form with built in spam protection powered by reCaptcha.
Powered by Isotope, your portfolio has never been more engaging
Once an item is purchased, you become eligible to free download all of its future updates
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Vestibulum sapien sapien, rutrum vitae nisl et, ornare gravida ipsum. Sed dignissim nec ex nec fringilla. Ut commodo leo mi, eu cursus metus consectetur nec. Sed dictum ut nisi vel laoreet. Curabitur auctor lorem sit amet nisi ornare sodales.
Four pricing plans for personal and commercial projects. Painless refund guaranteed.
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Log a Service
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Service Details:
- Interval : [interval]
- Last Service Date : [last-service-date]
- Last Service Mileage : [last-service-miles]
- Due Date or Mileage : [upcoming-due-interval]
- Service Interval Notes : [interval-notes]
- View Service History


WHO: Diversify Offshore Staffing Solutions
WHAT: Job Opening
WHEN (STARTS): 03/15/2017
WHERE: 27F Twenty-four Seven Mckinley Bldg., 24th St. corner 7th Ave. Bonifacio Global City, Taguig
MORE INFORMATION:
POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES:
READ MORE....Categories: Nursing Jobs Tags:
WHO: GTI Recruitment, Inc.
WHAT: DR. SULAIMAN AL HABIB MEDICAL GROUP RECRUITMENT CAMPAIGN
WHEN (STARTS): 04/23/2017
WHEN (ENDS): 05/05/2017
TIME STARTS: 08:00 AM
TIME ENDS: 06:00 PM
WHERE: 401 GC Corporate Plaza, 150 Legaspi St. Legaspi Village, Makati City
MORE INFORMATION:
Work in World Class Hospitals of DR. SULAIMAN AL HABIB MEDICAL GROUP bound to Saudi Arabia (JCI and ISO Accredited)
READ MORE....Categories: Nursing Jobs Tags:
WHO: GTI Recruitment, Inc.
WHAT: Job Opportunity
WHEN (STARTS): 03/02/2017
WHEN (ENDS): 12/31/2017
WHERE: 401 GC Corporate Plaza, 150 Legaspi St. Legaspi Village, Makati City
MORE INFORMATION:
Country of Deployment: U.S.A.
READ MORE....Categories: Nursing Jobs Tags:
For more information about the Private Duty Nurse and its programs, please contact us:
Lawaan, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines 90095-1702
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>1
E-mail: aocprivatedutynurse.com.ph
"When I think about all the patients and their loved ones I have worked with over the years, I know most of them don't remember me, nor I them. But I do know that I gave a little piece of myself to each of them, and they to me, and those threads
make up the tapestry that is my career in nursing."
"Every nurse was drawn to nursing because of a desire to care, to serve, or to help."
© Copyright 2018 Nursing - All rights reserved.


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Class: ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Inherits: | Object |
| Defined in: | activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb |
Overview
ConnectionHandler
is a collection of ConnectionPool
objects. It is used for keeping separate connection pools that connect to different databases.
For example, suppose that you have 5 models, with the following hierarchy:
class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
end
class BankAccount < ActiveRecord::Base
end
class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
establish_connection :library_db
end
class ScaryBook < Book
end
class GoodBook < Book
end
And a database.yml that looked like this:
development:
database: my_application
host: localhost
library_db:
database: library
host: some.library.org
Your primary database in the development environment is “my_application” but the Book model connects to a separate database called “library_db” (this can even be a database on a different machine).
Book, ScaryBook and GoodBook will all use the same connection pool to “library_db” while Author, BankAccount, and any other models you create will use the default connection pool to “my_application”.
The various connection pools are managed by a single instance of ConnectionHandler
accessible via Base.connection_handler. All Active Record models use this handler to determine the connection pool that they should use.
The ConnectionHandler class is not coupled with the Active models, as it has no knowledge about the model. The model needs to pass a specification name to the handler, in order to look up the correct connection pool.
Class Method Summary
- .new ⇒ ConnectionHandler constructor
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#active_connections? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
Returns true if there are any active connections among the connection pools that the
ConnectionHandler
is managing.
Instance Method Summary
-
#clear_active_connections!
Returns any connections in use by the current thread back to the pool, and also returns connections to the pool cached by threads that are no longer alive.
- #clear_all_connections!
-
#clear_reloadable_connections!
Clears the cache which maps classes.
-
#connected?(spec_name) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true if a connection that’s accessible to this class has already been opened.
- #connection_pool_list (also: #connection_pools)
-
#connection_pools
Alias for #connection_pool_list.
- #establish_connection(config)
-
#flush_idle_connections!
Disconnects all currently idle connections.
-
#remove_connection(spec_name)
Remove the connection for this class.
-
#retrieve_connection_pool(spec_name)
Retrieving the connection pool happens a lot, so we cache it in @owner_to_pool.
Constructor Details
.new ⇒ ConnectionHandler
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 959
def initialize # These caches are keyed by spec.name (ConnectionSpecification#name). @owner_to_pool = ConnectionHandler.create_owner_to_pool # Backup finalizer: if the forked child never needed a pool, the above # early discard has not occurred ObjectSpace.define_finalizer self, ConnectionHandler.unowned_pool_finalizer(@owner_to_pool) end
Instance Attribute Details
#active_connections? ⇒ Boolean
(readonly)
Returns true if there are any active connections among the connection pools that the ConnectionHandler
is managing.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 997
def active_connections? connection_pool_list.any?(&:active_connection?) end
Instance Method Details
#clear_active_connections!
Returns any connections in use by the current thread back to the pool, and also returns connections to the pool cached by threads that are no longer alive.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 1004
def clear_active_connections! connection_pool_list.each(&:release_connection) end
#clear_all_connections!
[ GitHub ]# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 1015
def clear_all_connections! connection_pool_list.each(&:disconnect!) end
#clear_reloadable_connections!
Clears the cache which maps classes.
See ConnectionPool#clear_reloadable_connections! for details.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 1011
def clear_reloadable_connections! connection_pool_list.each(&:clear_reloadable_connections!) end
#connected?(spec_name) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true if a connection that’s accessible to this class has already been opened.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 1038
def connected?(spec_name) conn = retrieve_connection_pool(spec_name) conn && conn.connected? end
#connection_pool_list Also known as: #connection_pools
[ GitHub ]# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 968
def connection_pool_list owner_to_pool.values.compact end
#connection_pools
Alias for #connection_pool_list.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 971
alias :connection_pools :connection_pool_list
#establish_connection(config)
[ GitHub ]# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 973
def establish_connection(config) resolver = ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(Base.configurations) spec = resolver.spec(config) remove_connection(spec.name) = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter payload = { connection_id: object_id } if spec payload[:spec_name] = spec.name payload[:config] = spec.config end .instrument("!connection.active_record", payload) do owner_to_pool[spec.name] = ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionPool.new(spec) end owner_to_pool[spec.name] end
#flush_idle_connections!
Disconnects all currently idle connections.
See ConnectionPool#flush! for details.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 1022
def flush_idle_connections! connection_pool_list.each(&:flush!) end
#remove_connection(spec_name)
Remove the connection for this class. This will close the active connection and the defined connection (if they exist). The result can be used as an argument for #establish_connection, for easily re-establishing the connection.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 1047
def remove_connection(spec_name) if pool = owner_to_pool.delete(spec_name) pool.automatic_reconnect = false pool.disconnect! pool.spec.config end end
#retrieve_connection_pool(spec_name)
Retrieving the connection pool happens a lot, so we cache it in @owner_to_pool. This makes retrieving the connection pool O(1) once the process is warm. When a connection is established or removed, we invalidate the cache.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb', line 1058
def retrieve_connection_pool(spec_name) owner_to_pool.fetch(spec_name) do # Check if a connection was previously established in an ancestor process, # which may have been forked. if ancestor_pool = pool_from_any_process_for(spec_name) # A connection was established in an ancestor process that must have # subsequently forked. We can't reuse the connection, but we can copy # the specification and establish a new connection with it. establish_connection(ancestor_pool.spec.to_hash).tap do |pool| pool.schema_cache = ancestor_pool.schema_cache if ancestor_pool.schema_cache end else owner_to_pool[spec_name] = nil end end end


An Error Occurred
RETRY
Profile
Wallet
STEEM
SP
SBD
TOTAL
Unclaimed rewards:
Claim Rewards
Statistics
%
Current Voting Power
An upvote is worth roughly
~
Total Pending Payout
~
Today Pending Payout
~
Total Payout Last 7 Days (SBD)
~
Total Payout Last 7 Days (SP)
~
%
Bandwidth used:
~
Links
1 STEEM =
5$
|| 1 SBD =
6$


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Hello {{.Who}},
The Following account is created on Splunk Web
- User Name: {{.Data.UserName}}
- Environment: {{.Data.Env}}
- Splunk Host: {{.Data.SearchHead}}
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You can access the account information from HERE


The routines plotWAC() and ggplotWAC() were introduced in the previous
chapter. The following is a list of other Ranadu routines that produce
plots. More detail about these routines is included in the next chapter.
- Ranadu::plotTrack() plots a flight track on a
background that shows geographic boundaries. In its simplest form
it is called with a single argument of a data.frame that contains
at least latitude and longitude in variables named LATC and LONC.
This routine also has an option to plot the track in a reference frame
that drifts with the wind. See ?plotTrack for more information on
options.
- Ranadu::VSpec() constructs a plot of the variance
spectrum for a specified variable. See also Ranadu::CohPhase()
for plots of the coherence and phase relationship between veriables.
- Ranadu::lineWAC() adds a line to a plot previously
constructed by plotWAC(), with adjustment of the plotted time to correspond
to the center of the interval averaged to obtain the measurements.
Otherwise, like “lines()” in standard R.
- Ranadu::plotSD() plots the size distribution measured
by cloud or aerosol particle probes.
- Ranadu::contourPlot() plots a scattergram-like
display where the density of points is represented by colored areas.
- Ranadu::DemingFit() calculates a Deming fit to
two variables (in which the distance from the fitted line to the two-dimensional
locations of the measurements is minimized) and plots the resulting
fit.
- Ranadu::SkewTSounding() plots a skew-T thermodynamic
diagram with measurements from a data.frame averaged and superimposed
on the diagram. Options are available to include a hodograph and the
denote values of the LCL and CAPE.


Coded by The Open Sword Group:
Andy Matuschak<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Ian Henderson<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Joe Osborn<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Program art by:
Miguel "ndeal" Estupi–an
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Peppermint Pig
Portions by or based on works of:
Brock Brandenberg, KritTer, M. Uli Kusterer
Will Leshner, Florrent Pillet, Joar Wingfors
Eric S. Raymond, Thomas Didrel (French localization)
Links:
Open Sword Group Homepage
Pixen Homepage
License:
Libungif is Copyright 1997 Eric Raymond.


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This page is our roadmap for future features and releases.
For more on pending bugs and lower-level tasks, see our TODO file.
We are looking into the possibility of supporting receivers for the ADS-B aircraft-transponder protocol.
No major feature additions or changes implying a compatibility break are currently planned.


A ubiquitous product design concept that initiates meaningful interactions between seniors and their loved ones beyond physical space
Team project of integrated product design course
I led and planned the entire UX research and design process in a team consisting of a industrial designer, an engineer and an MBA
Winter 2018 (3 months)
Empathy map, Storyboard, Concept testing, Card Sorting, Product Thinking, Product Fabrication, UI Design
As life expectancy sharply increases in developed countries, there are more than 30% of senior population lives alone in United States. However, physical degradation, cognitive impairment or social isolation might pose risk in their daily activities. Self care and social wellbeing have gained increasing importance in the life of seniors to live independently without worry and age with vitality.
During my Integrated Product Design course, I was part of a team of 4 with students from industrial design, engineering and business school to design and market a product in a simulated market environment, which is very similar to running a startup and pitching our product in a kickstarter campaign at the end. I led the entire UX design and research process and involved in electronic prototyping, website design and marketing design for the final tradeshow.
Kasvi, a sleek home décor product, initiates meaningful interactions between seniors and their loved ones without the barrier of physical space. During our research, we identified that social wellbeing of seniors has great demands, but it was rarely the focus of the products in the market. Empathizing with the target users, our design, kasvi, provides an ambient way to interact with each other at home through the hobby of gardening. It was the most-demanded product among 6 teams voted by over 400 tradeshow visitors.
Competing in a simulated market space of 6 teams, we conducted rapid product development cycles from researching market potentials, validating design concepts, fabricating tangible prototypes to marketing products in a tradeshow. Along the process we also went through 3 design reviews from a panel of design professionals, business specialists and public health practitioners.
As the design prompt of this class, designing active technology for senior citizens, targets a broad group of users, we started out with interviews and competitor review to understand the pain points and desires of seniors’ daily life. We conducted 20 user interviews, including 16 senior citizens and 4 caregivers, and observation that provided insights of core user needs and market potentials.
senior citizens at home and hospital
caregivers including family members and medical practitioners
competitor products for different needs
To synthesize the data collected and find out the common themes, we leveraged affinity diagram and consulting model to frame 4 essential needs:
Illness prevention
Health maintenance
Caregiver support
Aging with vitality
Based on the data collected, we created personas, user value statements and user journey to frame the needs and context of our target users and identify the touch points of design. Our personas were senior adults of varied mental and physical capabilities, however, few traits shared among them are living independently and aging with vitality and dignity, which reflected the main themes from our research.
Instilling UX methods into the team, I led a brainstorming session that strived to create an environment where team members could get inspired and build on top of each others’ ideas. We came up with over 30 ideas in a half-an-hour session and grouped ideas of common values into 5 design concepts that spanned across the 4 essential needs discovered during research.
We tested the design concepts with 2 rounds of concept card testing. In the first round of testing, we presented potential customers with more abstract description of concepts. 5 concepts plus 2 exisitng products were tested. This informed us the willingness of purchase of each design concept and provided further design inspirations. We re-iterated on few design concepts for the second round, which gave us more concrete feedback on design details and product functionality.
To communicate values of different stakeholders and seeking consensus, we discussed the value statements with all team members to rate each statement according to our team values, passion, technical capabilities and market potentials. This helped to resolve conflicts before diving into fabricating the product, and put the team on the same page.
Cross referencing the results from value statement and concept tests, we created a statistical map to find out the intersecting point that displays high market potentials and us valued by the team. It turned out three product concepts ranked similarly on the map, which are self-care, connections with others and continuing hobbies, and self care ranked the highest in out team value statement. However, concept tests with users showed the highest user demands and market potential came in connections with others. Eventually, our team decided to design for social connections as that’s the most urgent needs from our users, while incorporating inspirations from the other two.
We iterated on our design concept about social connections. Incorporating user feedback and input from design review panel, we defined our product brief to guide the focus of design and kept iterating on the forms and functionality. We also iterated and further narrowed down our product brief to feature level and brand impression based on design review and testing feedback.
We began prototyping early on to test out design details and potential technical issues. We played around forms and materials for different fidelity. Prototypes were made from cardboards, 3D printing, Arduino components and other materials at hands for realizing the design concepts.
We also conducted conjoint analysis to help evaluate the cost and needs of certain design features. We designed 7 sets of cost and feature combinations and 2 evaluation sets to assess the validity of the response set, and similar to card sorting, asked users to sort the rank of the feature-value pairs. The analysis helped up to define MVP by understanding that users were willing to pay more for simple light notification, while additional functionality such as sound and shut-down option received relatively less selling potentials. During our design review, the panelists also suggested cutting down flurry functionality and focused on the storytelling of the entire experience. We then proposed the costing model based on our finalized product design, which predicted the mass production costs and profit margin of our product.
kasvi is a paired home decor device that aims to be a conversation starter for initiating warm, meaningful interactions without the barrier of physical distance. We defined an entire brand concept around the product to set ourselves unique among competitors. We created a promotional website, video trailer and design the trade show experience for customers.
We are the ”Most-demanded product” across all six teams, where more than 50% of the tradeshow customers bought our products with virtual cash
Besides building the product, we designed an entire story, including tradeshow decor, packaging, swags and more, to make our product relatable to customers
“I can imagine using this product with not only my grandparents.”
Inspired by user and panelist feedback, we came up with some crazy ideas of making kasvi more than interacting with each other. One idea well-received by the crowd was enabling multiple kasvi devices to be connected together. Devices could be assigned with different color codes to build a network with social circle.
The simulated market environment allowed me to further develop my product thinking skills. The process of developing kasvi involved not only designing good user experience but also identifying opportunities among other competitors, making trade-offs for production and cost and creating compelling storytelling to customers. Cross-functional collaboration also took great part in this project, where we resolved conflicts, made compromises and set clear team values, to achieve our final design.


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We are a journal club started in June 2020 by a bunch of computer science and computer science-adjacent undergraduates. Each week, one person is in "charge" of presenting a paper and prepares a ~10-min summary of the paper and interesting discussion questions. Those not presenting in a particular week are encouraged to skim or read the paper.
In the past we've read papers/articles on data structures and algorithms, systems, algorithmic fairness and bias, theory, machine learning, and social issues in tech. Our meetings and discussions are casual, and there is no obligation or expectation to attend. While some background in computer science will help contextualize the papers, there is no required background and we strongly encourage younger/less experienced undergraduates to come.
All are welcome to join; we've had students from many different universities, professionals, and even a professor join our meetings in the past!
Please use this form to be added to our mailing list: form. If you have any questions, reach out to ssadhuka [at] college [dot] harvard [dot] edu and/or lsingh [at] college [dot] harvard [dot] edu.


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Standard Deep Learning networks are not suitable for continual learning setting as the change in the data distribution leads to catastrophic forgetting.
The paper proposes Memory-based Parameter Adaptation (MbPA), a technique that augments a standard neural network with an episodic memory (containing examples from the previous tasks).
This episodic memory allows for rapid acquisition of new knowledge (corresponding to the current task) while preserving performance on the previous tasks.
MbPA consists of 3 components:
f and g are parametric components while M is a non-parametric component.
M is a dynamically sized dictionary where the key represents the output of the embedding network and the value represents the desired output for a given input (input to the model).
When a new training tuple (xj, yj) is fed as input to the model, a key-value pair (hj, vj) is added to the memory. hj = f(xj)
The memory has a fixed size and acts as a circular buffer. When it gets filled up, earlier examples are dropped.
When accessing the memory using a key hkey, the k-nearest neighbours (in terms of distance from the given key) are retrieved.
During testing, the memory is used to adapt the parameters of the output network g while the embedding network f remains the same.
Given the input x, obtain the embedding corresponding to x and using that as the key, retrieve the k-nearest neighbours from the memory.
Each retrived neighbour is a tuple of the form (hk, vk, wk) where wk is propotional to the closeness between the input query and the key corresponding to the retrived example.
The collection of all the retrieved examples are referred to as the context C.
The parameters of the output network g are adapted from θ to θx where θx = θ + δM(x, θ)
δM(x, θ) is referred to as the contextual update of parameters of the output network.
MbPA can be interpreted as decreasing the weighted average of negative log likelihood over the retrieved neighbours in the context C.
The expression corresponding to δM(x, θ) can be obtained by performing gradient descent to minimise the max a posterior over the context C.
The a posterior expression can be written as a sum of two terms - one corresponding to a weighted likelihood of data in the context C and the other corresponding to a regularisation term to prevent overfitting the data.
This idea can be thought of as a generalisation of attention. Attention can be viewed as fitting a constant function over the neighbourhood of memories while MbPA fits a more general function which is parameterised by the output network of the given model. Refer appendix E in the paper for further details.
MbPA aims to solve the fundamental problem of enabling the model to deal with changes in data distribution.
In that sense, it is evaluated on a wide range of settings: continual learning, incremental learning, unbalanced datasets and change in data distribution at test time.
Continual Learning:
In this setting, the model encounters a sequence of tasks and cannot revisit a previous task.
Permuted MNIST dataset was used.
The key takeaway is that once a task is catastrophically forgotten, only a few gradient updates on a carefully selected data, are sufficient to recover the performance.
Incremental Learning:
In this setting, the model is trained on a subset of classes and then introduced to novel, unseen classes. The model is tested to see if it can incorporate the new knowledge while retaining the knowledge about the previous classes.
Imagenet dataset with Resnet V1 model is used. It is first pretrained on 500 classes and then fine-tuned to see how quickly could it adapt to new classes.
Unbalanced Dataset:
Language Modelling:
MbPA exhibits strong performance on all these tasks showing that the memory-based parameter adaption technique is effective across a range of tasks in supervised learning.


Application Design Concepts with Unity
Features such as inversion of control, dependency injection, interception, factory, and lifetime provide several major advantages when building applications that consist of many individual classes and components. Designing applications that conform to these patterns can provide numerous benefits:
- Decoupling service providers from service consumers
- Runtime as well as design time configuration of services and dependencies
- Ability to substitute one component for another.
- Centralization and abstraction of crosscutting concerns (logging, authentication, caching, and etc).
- Advanced lifetime management of components and services.
- Simplified testability for individual components and sections of the application.
- Simplified overall design, with faster and less error-prone development.
- Improved reusability of components within other applications.
Unity provides a comprehensive dependency injection and interception platform, and is easy to incorporate into your applications. However, it does change the way that you design these applications. The following sections of this topic describe areas where dependency injection is useful:
- Pluggable Architectures
- Managing Crosscutting Concerns
- Service and Component Location
- Policy Injection through Interception
Pluggable Architectures
By designing applications to use a pluggable architecture, developers and users can add and modify the functionality of an application without changing the core code or processes. ASP.NET is an example of a pluggable architecture, where you can add and remove providers for features such as authentication, caching, and session management. Unity also facilitates a pluggable architecture that allows you to substitute the container for one of your own design and add extensions through the container extensions architecture.
By using dependency injection mechanisms, such as Unity container, developers can map different components that implement a specific interface (such as a provider interface) or that inherit from a specific base class to the appropriate concrete implementations. Developers can then obtain a reference to the appropriate provider component at run time, without having to specify exactly which implementation of the component is required. The following sections of this topic, Managing Crosscutting Concerns and Service and Component Location, show how you can use dependency injection to create instances of a specific class based on a request for a more general class (such as an interface or base class definition).
In addition, the providers may require instances of other components. For example, a caching provider may need to use the services of a cryptography component or service. When components require the services of other components, you can use dependency injection to automatically instantiate and inject instances of these components into a component, based on either configuration settings in the container or on code within the application.
For more information about how you can use dependency injection in this way, see Using Injection Attributes.
Managing Crosscutting Concerns
The features and tasks implemented in applications are often referred to as concerns. The tasks specific to the application are core concerns. The tasks that are common across many parts of the application, and even across different applications, are crosscutting concerns. Most large applications require services such as logging, caching, validation, and authorization, and these are crosscutting concerns.
The simplest way to centralize these features is to build separate components that implement each of the required features, and then use these components wherever the management of that concern is required—in one or more applications. By using dependency injection mechanisms, such as a Unity container, developers can register components that implement crosscutting concerns and then obtain a reference to the component at run time, without having to specify exactly which implementation of the component is required.
For example, if you have a component named FileLogger that performs logging tasks, your application can instantiate this component using the new operator, as shown in the following code.
FileLogger myLogger = new FileLogger();
If you then want to change the application to use the new component, FastFileLogger, you must change the application code. However, if you have an interface ILogger that all implementations of the logging component uses, you might instead write the code like the following.
ILogger myLogger = new FileLogger();
However, this does not solve the problem because you still must find everywhere in the code where you used new() to create an instance of the specific class. Instead, you can use a dependency injection mechanism to map the ILogger interface to a specific concrete instance of the logging component, or even to multiple implementations, so that the application can specify which one it requires. The following code uses Unity to register a mapping for both a default type of logging component and a named type with the ILogger interface. Alternatively, you can specify these mappings using the Unity configuration file.
// Create container and register types
IUnityContainer myContainer = new UnityContainer();
myContainer.RegisterType<ILogger, FileLogger>(); // default instance
myContainer.RegisterType<ILogger, FastFileLogger>("FastLogger");
The application can then obtain a reference to the default logging component using the following code.
ILogger myLogger = myContainer.Resolve<ILogger>();
In addition, the application can use a variable (perhaps set in configuration or at run time) to specify a different implementation of the logging component interface as required, as shown in the following code.
// Retrieve logger type name from configuration
String loggerName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["LoggerName"].ToString();
ILogger myLogger = myContainer.Resolve<ILogger>(loggerName);
For more information about registering types, type mappings, and resolving instances, see Resolving Objects.
Service and Component Location
Frequently, applications require the use of services or components that are specific to the application; examples are business logic components, data access components, interface components, and process controllers. In some cases, these services may be instance-based, so that each section of the application or each task requires a separate individual instance of the service. However, it is also common for services to be singleton-based, so that every user of the service references the same single instance of the service.
A service location facility makes it easy for an application to obtain a reference to a service or component, without having to specify where to look for the specific service or whether it is a singleton-based or an instance-based service. By using dependency injection mechanisms, such as the Unity container, developers can register services in the appropriate way and then obtain a reference to the service at run time, without having to specify exactly which implementation of the service is required or what type of instance it actually is.
For example, if you have a singleton service class named CustomerData that you interact with to read and update information for any customer, your application obtains a reference to this service usually by calling a static GetInstance method of the service (which ensures that it is a singleton and that only one instance can exist), as shown in the following code.
CustomerData cData = CustomerData.GetInstance();
Instead, you can use the Unity container to set the CustomerData class type with a specific lifetime that ensures it behaves as a singleton so that every request for the service returns the same instance, as shown in the following code. Alternatively, you could specify these mappings using the Unity configuration file.
// Create container and register type as a singleton instance
IUnityContainer myContainer = new UnityContainer();
myContainer.RegisterType<CustomerData>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());
The application can then obtain a reference to the single instance of the CustomerData service using the following code. If the instance does not yet exist, the container creates it.
CustomerData cData = myContainer.Resolve<CustomerData>();
In addition, perhaps a new CustomerFile component you decide to use in your application inherits the same base class named CustomerAccessBase as the CustomerData service, but it is not a singleton—instead, it requires that your application instantiate an instance for each customer. In this case, you can specify mapping names when you register one component as a singleton type and one component as an instance type (with the default transient lifetime), and then use the same application code to retrieve the required instance.
For example, the following code shows how you can register two named mappings for objects that inherit from the same base class, then—at run time—collect a string value from elsewhere in the application configuration that specifies which of the mappings to use. In this case, the value comes from the AppSettings section of the configuration file. If the value with the key CustomerService contains CustomerDataService, the code returns an instance of the CustomerData class. If it contains the value CustomerFileService, the code returns an instance of the CustomerFile class.
IUnityContainer myContainer = new UnityContainer();
// Register CustomerData type as a singleton instance
myContainer.RegisterType<CustomerAccessBase, CustomerData>("CustomerDataService",
new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());
// Register CustomerFile type with the default transient lifetime
myContainer.RegisterType<CustomerAccessBase, CustomerFile>("CustomerFileService");
...
String serviceName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["CustomerService"].ToString();
CustomerAccessBase cData
= (CustomerAccessBase)myContainer.Resolve<CustomerAccessBase>(serviceName);
For more information about registering types, type mappings, and resolving instances, see Resolving Objects. For more information about using lifetime managers to control the creation, lifetime, and disposal of objects, see Understanding Lifetime Managers.
Policy Injection through Interception
Unity interception with its built-in policy injection module enables you to effectively capture calls to objects you resolve through the Unity DI container, and apply a policy that adds additional functionality to the target object. Typically, you will use this technique to change the behavior of existing objects, or to implement the management of crosscutting concerns through reusable handlers. You can specify how to match the target object using a wide range of matching rules, and construct a policy pipeline that contains one or more call handlers.
Calls to the intercepted methods or properties of the target object then pass through the call handlers in the order you add them to the pipeline, and return through them in the reverse order. Your call handlers can access the values in the call, change these values, and control execution of the call. For example, the call handlers might authorize users, validate parameter values, cache the return value, and shortcut execution so that the target method does not actually execute where this is appropriate.
You can configure Unity for policy injection by using a configuration file at design time, see Configuring Policy Injection Policies, or by using the API at run time, see Registering Policy Injection Components.
The following example uses the Unity API to demonstrate how you can configure Unity to perform interception on a target object, using a policy that contains a logging handler and a validation handler. Notice that the logging handler is added first, so that it will log calls even if validation fails and the validation handler shortcuts the pipeline instead of calling the method of the target object. You can use the streamlined policy definition API provided by the Unity interception container extension to configure the container at run time or you can specify the same behavior at design time by using a configuration file. For an example using the API, see Registering Policy Injection Components. For a design time example, see Configuration Files for Interception.
// Create a container and add the interception extension.
IUnityContainer myContainer = new UnityContainer();
myContainer.AddNewExtension<Interception>();
// Configure the container with a policy named MyPolicy
// that uses a TypeMatchingRule to match a custom class
// and adds a logging handler and a validation handler
// to the handler pipeline. You must specify at least one
// matching rule or the policy will not be applied.
myContainer.Configure<Interception>()
.AddPolicy("MyPolicy")
.AddMatchingRule<TypeMatchingRule>(
new InjectionConstructor("MyCustomType"))
.AddCallHandler(typeof(MyLoggingCallHandler))
.AddCallHandler(typeof(MyValidationCallHandler));
// Configure the container to intercept calls to the
// custom class using a TransparentProxyInterceptor.
myContainer.RegisterType<MyCustomType>("myType",
new Interceptor<TransparentProxyInterceptor>(),
new InterceptionBehavior<PolicyInjectionBehavior>());
// Resolve the custom type through the container when
// you are ready to use it. When you call a method or
// set a property on it, the call will pass through
// the logging handler and the validation handler.
MyCustomType myNewInstance = myContainer.Resolve<MyCustomType>("myType");
For more information about interception and policy injection, see Using Interception and Policy Injection.


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These are tips for using GNU Octave with GNU Radio.
As with everything, your miles may very.
Please feel free to let me know if there's something that you know and I don't because I'm
always looking to improve my understanding of the tools and techniques. If you can do it
faster and/or better, I'd like to hear about it.
Disclaimers:
- This is all conceived by a computer scientist, not an electrical engineer. If some of these methods seems strange or uninformed, this is why.
- My methods and conventions may not seem consistent. This is because, as I discover new ways of doing things, it isn't really worth the hassle to refactor/test all of my documentation to match it.
Tip #1: How to use Octave
For anyone who's not used software like this before, it'll be a new experience. However, for
those coming from the Matlab world, Octave tries to maintain itself as a drop-in replacement.
The syntax is nearly identical and many Matlab scripts can be run as-is through Octave. I've
often looked at Matlab code on the Internet that helped me get my Octave code working.
And, for all else, there's the online Octave documentation:
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/doc/interpreter/
Tip #2: Reading USRP data files
The USRP stores captured signal values as complex I/Q pairs, all of which are 32-bit floats.
I1
Q1
I2
Q2
I3
Q3
(etc)
One of the Octave functions that you have access to (since you added the USRP stuff to your
Octave path) is
read_float_binary().
To read in the data from the file:
octave> data = read_float_binary("data_file.raw");
You may find it useful to seperate the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) portions:
octave> I = data(1:2:length(data)-1);
octave> Q = data(2:2:length(data));
You can then process each seperately or create a vector of complex numbers:
octave> C = complex(I,Q);
Also, you'll want to get rid of the "USRP spike". This is the name that my colleague gave the
unexplained spikes in amplitude at the very beginning of the captures.
octave> data(1:500) = [];
It may just be simpler to use this simple function that I wrote.
octave>
[complex_data,N] = build_signal(usrp_data);
complex_data = complex signal
N = # of samples
Tip #3: Memory management and processing
I've had very little experience using Matlab but, from what I've seen, the experience is very similar
between it and Octave. One major difference that I've seen is the processing capability. Matlab
appears to be able to process large data sets significantly more quickly and never seems to have
memory issues (again, from my limited experience). Octave, on the other hand, appears to have
linear performance in that there is a direct correlation between the size of the data set and the
amount of processing time. Large data sets can also cause two problems:
- Octave will complain about lack of memory.
- Octave, by default, uses GNURadio as its graphical plotting medium. The two communicate through a named pipe and I have noticed that large data sets will "make that pipe blow up" and GNU Plot will not function properly in such instances.
My solutions:
-
I work around this issue by carving up the data files into discrete units to be processed
independently. I use this script to do so. It
works by having the user hover the mouse over the plot and enter the X coordinates into
the terminal and allowing each chunk to be saved individually. Click here
for a picture.
-
Down sampling. If you're wanting to do a quick check of a plot, cut down on the number
of samples that you're viewing on the time domain.
Instead of:
octave> plot(data);
Try:
octave> data = data(1:8:length(data));
octave> plot(data);
-
Using the FLTK described here. It is not an external program and thus
doesn't suffer from the IPC issues that GNUPlot/Octave seem to.
This may seem like a touch much, but once integrated into your routine, it's not bad at all and
it still allows you to avoid the hefty Matlab pricetag by using a free (and ever-evolving)
alternative.
Tip #4: Looking for ASK
One of the first and most useful things I learned (since it was relevent to my task at the time)
is how to plot a signal's magnitude while stripping out all of the data. It was very handy in
being able to identify ASK modulation.
octave> C = complex(I,Q);
octave> plot( abs(C) );
It's just that simple.
Tip #5: A very basic spectrogram
At some point, you may need to generate a spectrogram. Octave mirrors the Matlab functions
for doing so. This is a
very basic example for doing so.
octave>
data = read_float_binary("data_file.raw"); % Read in from file
octave>
[data,N] = build_signal(data); % Make the complex signal
octave>
I = real(data); % Grab in-phase component
octave>
colormap("jet"); % Choose the color scheme
octave>
colorbar("northoutside"); % The amplitude legend
octave>
specgram( I, 1024, 4e6); % Generate the spectrogram
Click
here for an image of the output.
specgram() accepts five arguments, only three of which I've used here and only one of which is required.
arg1: The vector we are plotting.
arg2: Size of the FFT window ( [] for default=256 ). Practically speaking, can be used to control color "intensity".
arg3: Sample rate ( [] for default=2Hz ). Practically speaking, is used to control domain/range of axes.
colormap() is used to determine the color scheme. A list of available maps
(along with other useful functions) can be found
here. "Jet" is the default map unless
specified otherwise.
colorbar() is used to
include/place the amplitude legend.
Tip #6: Using FLTK instead of GNUPlot
GNUPlot is the default plotting program for Octave. However, the Octave community is slowly transitioning to an internal
OpenGL-based plotting substitute that uses
FLTK.
octave> graphics_toolkit("fltk");
This can be done from the Octave command line or specified in any of the octave config files to load by default (such
as ~/.octaverc).
Thus far, I have found FLTK to be lacking in functionality compared to GNUPlot. However, it plots significantly
faster, doesn't require any of the downsample trickery mentioned above, and supports panning (which is a huge bonus). If you
have the patience, and can stand some quirks, then I'd check it out.
Tip #7: Looking for FSK
I have not yet had the opportunity to identify any FSK-modulated signals. However,
I have browsed some sample code on how to do so. It involves looking for differences
in signal phase. Unfortunately, the following code is "as provided" and un-vetted by
me.
octave> dphi = diff(unwrap(angle(SIGNAL)));
octave> plot( dphi*fs/(2*pi),'b');
octave> xlabel('Sample');
octave> ylabel('Inst Freq (Hz)');
Hope this helps.
Tip #8: Plotting frequency response
The ability to see the effects of a filter before applying it is very useful.
freqz() does
such a thing.
octave> Nyq = sample_rate / 2 % Nyquist rate
octave> fL = low_frequency / Nyq; % Lower frequency
octave> fH = high_frequency / Nyq; % Higher frequency
octave> [b,a] = butter(passes, [fL fH]); % Grabbing what we need from the butterworth filter
octave> freqz(b,a,128,1000, sample_rate); % Plotting the frequency response
You will see a graph such as
this that will show you the characteristics of your filter.
Useful functions
I offer no warranty on these functions but they are a pretty good way to get
a quicker start.
This is the most basic example and a good starter point for
usage.


I was born in 1973 in Lynnwood Washington. As for where I'm from, well I moved around a bit (call me the Highlander...), from Seattle to Coeur d'Alene Idaho to Bothel Washington and then back to Seattle where I graduated highschool. But art was never a focus in any of my formal education nor did I display artistic talent early on (I got a C in my highschool art classes). My artistic journey began when a co-worker told me that the art doesn't have to be any good, you just have to enjoy creating it and it was from that vantage point that I trained myself.
I a have a wide range of interests. I sing in a choir most Sundays, I enjoy photography, watercolor, studying astrology, collecting rocks, making jewelry, playing go, yoga, tai chi, nature walks and watching T.V. shows. Given the scattered array of interests, I don't always have time for all of them. For example it has been some time since I have gone out picture taking.
My philosophy when creating has been fairly simple: at some level I have to feel that what I have created means something even if I don't know what that is. Beyond that I would like to represent something spiritual but when it comes to that aspect of the painting I don't seem to have control as to what that content will be. Thus I often finish a piece and notice a spiritual presence in it that I didn't know I was going to represent. This is occasionally unsettling but there always seems to be a positive spiritual message in the end.
My journey as an artist began in part due to my grandmother suffering a stroke. I was talking to female coworker about my grandmother having suffered a stroke paralyzing my grandma's entire left side of her body. The girl suggested then to use something like watercolor to help stimulate the right brain for healing. I mentioned that I myself wouldn't likely do much painting because I was no good at it but the girl said that she painted from time to time and that it frequently looked like mud, but that what was important was that she enjoyed painting anyway. This planted a seed as I went about getting some basic Crayola Watercolors and watercolor paper to take with me on visits to my grandma to see if I could help her recover brain function through art. Grandma didn't do much painting but I had blast! I soon there after found myself creating all kinds of pieces (very raw initially, likely no composition) in my spare time.
Given that I like spiritual elements to come to the surface in my work, I would suspect the spiritual books that I have read are influencing it (not however through consious effort). So books like Eckhart Tolle's "The Power of Now" and "A New Earth" are likely working there way through my subconsious. Also books such as James Redfields "Celestine Prophesy" and his other books that follow factor in as well. These books focus more on the spiritually transcendtal rather than well defined dogmas although I suppose they could be considered dogmas in their own right. As for influence from other artists, I really like Thomas Kinkades work as he does a superb job depicting light in his work. Given that I currently am caught up in trying to give my work a fractal look I am also a big fan of Karin Kuhlmann and her digital art.
The standard for writing an artistic bio is in the third person. I began to try and write my bio this way but felt artificial, distant, overly formal and impersonal. I don't take my art impersonnally, I hope not to be distant toward those who might like what I do, I am not formally trained, and I have a little bit of a rebel mentality that chafes at rules that I don't see the purpose in. This isn't simply rebelion for it's own sake either, I do have a purpose to write in the first person; I invite you to imagine that you are sitting across from me and I am telling you about myself or my art and in so doing you can make a better personal connection to me and thus my art.


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| ChristiaanJ 17th Nov 2011, 21:44 permalink Post: 1482 |
Quote:
There were 22 airframes built, even if only 20 of them flew. There was one in Toulouse, used for static (structural) tests, and vibration tests, and suchlike, and the one at Farnborough, used for heat and stress cycling. Neither of them survived. It seems a few sections of '0001' still exist somewhere at Toulouse, and a few sections of '0002' are still on display at the Brooklands (UK) museum. I have no idea whether either actually had space models of the engines in place, or simply representative ballast weights. CJ (I made up the '0001' and '0002' designations.... maybe somebody here can still remember what those 'static' airframes were referred to formally at the time?). |
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| NHerby 10th Jul 2012, 09:10 permalink Post: 1655 |
@CliveL
Quote:
A few pages earlier on this thread some of you have posted some of their favourite photos of Concorde. Here are very sad, chocking and rare photos: This is 211 (F-BVFD) after "Air France's special treatment" (shame on them). The photos were taken in 1994. More photos of this can be seen here: Maripa : Documentation photographique. To compensate, here's one of my favourite: Most of those photos were taken at Toulouse (we saw a lot from Filton in this thread but very few from France). The caption of the top left picture says it is 102 (F-WTSA) and 201 (F-WTSB) in the background. The image comes from a french website ( Concorde dans la presse de 1965 \xe0 2003 ) gathering hundreds of articles about Concorde. Very interesting but in French only. I particulary like this last serie of photos because it shows the process of a dream turning into reality, the beginning of such a beautiful adventure and the symbol of a time where national pride and technical achievment had more importance and value than the basic investment/profitability ratio that rules the world today! And now, more than 40 years later, not only we are not able to build a SST but we are also not able to make a SST flying again. And this leads to a new question (maybe another 64000$ one): As we can see in those photos and as I have seen in photos from Filton, several pre-production and production airframes were built at the same time. Did the fabrication of pre-production or production a/c had to be stopped at some point to wait for in flight test results? Similar question: did the early flights revealed unforseen problems that needed to be sorted out before the program can move on? |
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| stilton 27th Aug 2012, 07:29 permalink Post: 1664 |
Just finished the Haynes 'Concorde workshop manual'
This is a collaboration between a retired Concorde Captain and Flight Engineer. The one excerpt that really caught my eye was the reference to the method of construction and differences between the British and French built Aircraft. 'The French fuselage was designed to safe life principles while the British was designed to fail safe. From window line to window line across the top of the fuselage Bristol used three skin panels overlapping at 10 o'clock and 2 o'clock while Toulouse used two, overlapping at 12 o'clock' This revelation was a big surprise to me, for a production run of 14 airframes two different construction methods were employed apparently, amazing. I had always thought the airframes were virtually identical. Anyone have any further insight on this ? Last edited by stilton; 27th Aug 2012 at 07:30 . |
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| NHerby 8th May 2013, 16:05 permalink Post: 1714 |
For the french speaking (or reading) people here, I just found a mine of very interesting informations about Concorde on this website:
Accueil This site has a database of thousand of concorde flights with the following datas: Date and time of the flight, airframe used, technical and commercial crews, guests, departure/arrival airports and flight type (regular, charter world tour...). On top of that, many infos and stories around Concorde can also be found there. I can't resist to translate one of those stories (I'm far from being a native english speaker or a professional translator; so forgive me for the misspellings and other translation mistakes). It is a report about one of the biggest incident that happened to the prototype 001 during the flight tests: Shock of shockwaves We were flying with Concorde at Mach 2 since 3 month already on both side of the Channel. The prototype 001 did outstrip 002 which was supposed to be the first to reach Mach 2. Unfortunately, a technical issue delayed 002 and Brian Trubshaw fairly let Andr\xe9 Turcat be the first to reach Mach 2 with the 001 which was ready to go. The flight tests were progressing fast and we were discovering a part of the atmosphere that military aircrafts hardly reached before. With Concorde, we were able to stay there for hours although limited by the huge fuel consumption of the prototypes. The Olympus engines did not reached their nominal performance yet and, most of the time, we had to turn on the reheat in supersonic cruise to maintain Mach 2. The reheat is what we call afterburner on military aircrafts. Fuel is injected between the last compressor stage of the low pressure turbine and the first exhaust nozzle. This increases the thrust for the whole engine and its nozzle. The 4 reheats, one for each engine, are controlled by the piano switches behind the thrust leavers on the center pedestal between the two pilots. Air was fed into the engines through 4 air intakes, one for each engine, attached 2 by 2 to the 2 engine nacelle, one under each wing. The advantage in terms of drag reduction was obvious. However, tests in wind tunnel showed that, at supersonic speed, if a problem happens on one engine, there was a great chance for the adjacent engine to be affected as well by the shockwave interference from one air intake to the other despite the presence the dividing wall between the two intakes. So we knew that an engine failure at mach 2 would result in the loss of 2 engines on the same side, resulting in a lateral movement leading to a strong sideslip that would likely impact the 2 remaining engines and transform the aircraft into the fastest glider in the world. This is why an automatic anti sideslip device was developed and installed on the aircrafts. The air intakes are very sophisticated. At mach 2, it creates a system of shockwaves that slows down the air from 600 m/sec in front of the aircraft to 200 m/sec in front of the engine while maintaining a very good thermodynamic performance. In supersonic cruise, the engines, operating at full capacity all the time, were sensitive to any perturbation and reacted violently with engine surge: the engine refusing the incoming air. Stopping suddenly a flow of almost 200kg of air per second traveling at 600m/sec causes a few problems. As a result, a spill door was installed under the air intake and automatically opened in such event. To control the system of shockwaves and obtain an efficiency of 0,96 in compression in the air intake, 2 articulated ramps, controlled by hydraulic jacks, are installed on the top of the air intakes in front of the engines. Each ramp is roughly the size of a big dining room table, and the 2 ramps, mechanically synchronized, move up or down following the instruction of an highly sophisticated computer that adapts the ramp position according to the mach number, the engine rating and other parameters such as skidding. At that time, it was the less known part of the aircraft, almost only designed through calculation since no simulator, no wind tunnel, did allow a full scale test of the system. The control of the system was analog and very complex but it was not easy to tune and we were moving ahead with a lot of caution in our test at mach 2. On the 26th of January 1971, we were doing a nearly routine flight to measure the effect of a new engine setting supposed to enhance the engine efficiency at mach 2. It was a small increase of the rotation speed of the low pressure turbine increasing the air flow and, as a result, the thrust. The flight test crews now regularly alternate their participation and their position in the cockpit for the pilots. Today, Gilbert Defer is on the left side, myself on the right side, Michel R\xe9tif is the flight engineer, Claude Durand is the main flight engineer and Jean Conche is the engine flight engineer. With them is an official representative of the flight test centre, Hubert Guyonnet, seated in the cockpit's jump seat, he is in charge of radio testing. We took off from Toulouse, accelerated to supersonic speed over the Atlantic near Arcachon continuing up to the north west of Ireland. Two reheats, the 1 and the 3, are left on because the air temperature does not allow to maintain mach 2 without them. Everything goes fine. During the previous flight, the crew experienced some strong turbulence, quite rare in the stratosphere and warned us about this. No problem was found on the aircraft. We are on our way back to Toulouse off the coast of Ireland. Our program includes subsonic tests and we have to decelerate. Gilbert is piloting the aircraft. Michel and the engineers notify us that everything is normal and ready for the deceleration and the descent. We are at FL500 at mach 2 with an IAS of 530 kt, the maximum dynamic pressure in normal use. On Concorde, the right hand seat is the place offering the less possibility to operate the systems. But here, we get busy by helping the others to follow the program and the checklists and by manipulating the secondary commands such as the landing gear, the droop nose, the radio navigation, comms, and some essential engine settings apart from the thrust leavers such as the reheat switches. The normal procedure consists in stopping the reheat before lowering the throttle. Gilbert asks me to do it. After, he will slowly reduce the throttle to avoid temporary heckler. Note that he did advise us during the training on the air intake to avoid to move the thrust leaver in case of engine surge. As a safety measure, I shut down the reheat one by one, checking that everything goes fine for each one. Thus I switch off the reheat 1 with the light shock marking the thrust reduction. Then the 3\x85 Instantly, we are thrown in a crazy situation. Deafening noise like a canon firing 300 times a minute next to us. Terrible shake. The cockpit, that looked like a submarine with the metallic and totally opaque visor obviously in the upper position, is shaken at a frequency of 5 oscillation a second and a crazy amplitude of about 4 to 5 G. To the point that we cannot see anymore, our eyes not being able to follow the movements. Gilbert has a test pilot reaction, we have to get out of the maximum kinetic energy zone as fast as possible and to reduce speed immediately. He then moves the throttle to idle without any useless care. During that time, I try, we all try to answer the question: what is going on? What is the cause of this and what can we do to stop it? Suspecting an issue with the engines, I try to read the indicators on the centre control panel through the mist of my disturbed vision and in the middle of a rain of electric indicators falling from the roof. We cannot speak to each other through the intercom. I vaguely see that the engines 3 and 4 seem to run slower than the 2 others, especially the 4. We have to do something. Gilbert is piloting the plane and is already busy. I have a stupid reaction dictated by the idea that I have to do something to stop that, while I can only reach a few commands that may be linked to the problem. I first try to increase the thrust on number 4 engine. No effect so I reduce frankly and definitively. I desperately look for something to do from my right hand seat with a terrible feeling of being helpless and useless. Then everything stops as suddenly as it started. How long did it last, 30 seconds, one minute? By looking at the flight data records afterward, we saw that it only last\x85 12 seconds! However, I have the feeling that I had time to think about tons of things, to do a lot of reasoning, assumption and to have searched and searched and searched\x85! It looked like my brain suddenly switched to a fastest mod of thinking. But, above all, it's the feeling of failure, the fact that I was not able to do anything and that I did not understand anything that remains stuck in my mind forever. To comfort me, I have to say that nobody among the crew did understand anything either and was able to do anything, apart from Gilbert. The aircraft slows down and the engine 3 that seemed to have shut down restart thanks to the auto ignition system. But the 4 is off indeed. Michel makes a check of his instruments. He also notes that the engine 4 has shut down but the 4 air intakes work normally, which makes us feel better. After discussing together, we start to think that we probably faced some stratospheric turbulence of very high intensity, our experience in this altitude range being quite limited at that time. But nobody really believes in this explanation. Finally, at subsonic speed, mach 0.9, with all instruments looking normal, we try to restart engine 4 since we still have a long way to go to fly back to Toulouse. Michel launches the process to restart the engine. It restarts, remains at a medium rotation speed and shuts down after 20 seconds, leaving us puzzled and a bit worried despite the fact that the instrument indicators are normal. Gilbert then decide to give up and won't try to restart this engine anymore and Claude leaves his engineer station to have a look in a device installed on the prototype to inspect the landing gear and the engines when needed: an hypo-scope, a kind of periscope going out through the floor and not through the roof. After a few seconds, we can hear him on the intercom: "Shit! (stuttering) we have lost the intake number 4." He then describes a wide opening in the air intake, the ramp seems to be missing and he can see some structural damages on the nacelle. Gilbert reacts rapidly by further reducing the speed to limit even more the dynamic pressure. But we don't know exactly the extent of the damage. Are the wing and the control surfaces damaged? What about engine 3? We decide to fly back at a speed of 250 kts at a lower altitude and to divert toward Fairford where our british colleagues and the 002 are based. I inform everybody about the problem on the radio and tell them our intentions. However, I add that if no other problems occur, we will try to reach Toulouse since we still have enough fuel.  All the possible diversion airport on the way have been informed by the flight test centre who follows us on their radar. At low speed, knowing what happened to us and having nothing else to do but to wait for us, time passes slowly, very slowly and we don't talk much, each one of us thinking and trying to understand what happened. However, we keep watching closely after engine 3. Personally, I remember the funny story of the poor guy who sees his house collapse when he flushes his toilets. I feel in the same situation. Gilbert makes a precautionary landing since we don't rely much on engine 3 anymore. But everything goes fine. At the parking, there is a lot of people waiting for us and, as soon as the engines stop, we can see a big rush toward the nacelles of the right hand side engines. Gilbert and myself are the first to get off the plane and we are welcomed down the stairs by Andr\xe9 Turcat and Jean Franchi who came out from the crowd watching at the right hand side nacelle. They both behave the same way, with a slow pace attitude, the same look, a mix of disbelief and frustration. Andr\xe9 is the first to speak: "I can't believe we were not on this flight, really unlucky\x85". Yes, this flight was supposed to be just a routine flight\x85! The condition of the nacelle is impressive. We come closer and everybody move aside for us with a look of disbelief and respect as if we were hell survivors. The ramps of the intake 4, those 2 "dining tables", have completely disappeared leaving a hole where we can see the hydraulic jacks and the stub rod where the ramps were attached. Indeed, only the ramps were missing, apparently ejected forward which was unbelievable knowing how fast we were flying. The ramp slipped under the nacelle causing some damages on it and on the hood of one of the elevon's servo control. Fortunately, the control did not suffer any damage. What is left of the rear ramp seems to be blocked down inside the intake in front of the engine and we can see behind it the first blades of the compressor, or what is left of it, not much. The engine swallowed a huge amount of metal but no vital parts of the aircraft has been damaged, no hydraulic leaks, no fuel leaks. I remembered at that time the stories of some B58 Hustler accident where the loss of an engine at mach 2 almost certainly ended with the complete loss of the aircraft. Our Concorde has only been shaken. This incident strengthened the trust I had in this plane. And I was not unhappy to have experienced this ordeal, especially when I saw the frustration on the face of Andr\xe9 Turcat and Jean Franchi. But we had to understand what happened and how; and also why the ramp's fixing broke. It didn't take much time to get the answers. I unintentionally triggered the problem when shutting down the reheat of engine 3. The sudden stop of the fuel flow did of course stop the combustion and the back pressure behind the low pressure turbine. But, probably because of the modification made on the engine before the flight, the stop of the reheat has not been followed by the normal closing movement of the primary nozzle to compensate the pressure drop. So the low pressure turbine ran out of control, dragging down the low pressure compressor which reacts by surging. Despite the opening of the spill door, the engine surge led to a sudden movement of the shockwaves in the air intake creating a surge in the intake itself. A similar surge happened in the adjacent intake 4 followed by a surge of the corresponding engine. This caused an excessive pressure above the ramps and the fixings of the intake 4 did not hold. Since it was the first time we experienced a surge in the air intake, we had little knowledge of the stress it would create on the ramps. This led to miscalculation of the strength of the ramps's frames and they did brake. Another mistake: instead of installing the motion detectors on the ramp itself, to make the production easier, they have been placed on the arms of the hydraulic jacks. This is why Michel R\xe9tif thought that the position of the ramps were correct. The hydraulic jacks did not suffer any damage and were still working normally even if the ramps were missing. All the data recorded during this event helped us in redesigning the air intakes and the flight test program resumed three month later. After this, we deliberately created dozen and dozen of air intake surge to fine tune the way to regulate them with digital calculator this time. From now on, even if it was still very impressive, it was safe and their intensity was not comparable with what we experienced with the missing ramps. However, a french president may kept a lasting memory of this, much later, during a flight back from Saudi Arabia. This time, I was on the left side, Gilbert on the right and Michel was still in the third seat\x85 But that's another story. For me, the lasting impression of failing and being helpless during this incident made me wonder what a commercial pilot would have done in this situation. This plane was designed to be handled by standard commercial pilots and not only by the flight test pilots. At that time, I was interested in taking in charge the management of a training center for the pilots of the future Airbus's clients. This event pushed me that way and I made it clear that I wanted to add the flight training on Concorde in this project. This has been agreed and I did it. And the Concorde training program now covers the air intake surges and how to deal with them. Jean PINET Former test pilot Member and former president of the Air and Space Academy Last edited by NHerby; 9th May 2013 at 17:24 . |
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| ross_M 23rd Jul 2014, 18:29 permalink Post: 1815 |
Article: Researchers now know why Concorde was doomed to fail
I think this article is pretty wacky but the source seemed legit (Duke University / University of Toulouse Professors writing in Journal of Applied Physics) so thought I'd put it out there for discussion.
Caveat emptor!
Law of physics governs airplane evolution Law of physics governs airplane evolution Researchers believe they now know why the supersonic trans-Atlantic Concorde aircraft went the way of the dodo\x97it hit an evolutionary cul-de-sac. In a new study, Adrian Bejan, professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at Duke University, shows that a law of physics he penned more than two decades ago helps explain the evolution of passenger airplanes from the small, propeller-driven DC-3s of yore to today's behemoth Boeing 787s. The analysis also provides insights into how aerospace companies can develop successful future designs. The Concorde, alas, was too far from the curve of these good designs, Bejan says. The paper appears online July 22, in the Journal of Applied Physics.[snip] In the case of commercial aircraft, designs have evolved to allow more people and goods to flow across the face of the Earth. Constructal law has also dictated the main design features needed for aircraft to succeed; the engine mass has remained proportional to the body size, the wing size has been tied to the fuselage length, and the fuel load has grown in step with the total weight. [snip] The chart shows how the ratio of mass to speed of animals follows the same general rules as airplanes. Note that the Concorde is way off of the historical trend. |


According to Smashing Magazine's article, Don't be Scared of Functional Programing , which tells readers that the major difference between Functional Programing and OOP is that Functional Programing is Immutable, and Stateless. First, we have to understand what Immutable and Stateless mean. Immutable means that we cannot change the original variable's data. For instance, an array a = [3,4,5], and we want to push a new element into array a. We'd better create a new array new_a = [3,4,5,6]. On the other hand, Stateless means that the function can only use parameters data to process calculations. No other outside variables is allowed to be used inside the function. This is very different from OOP.
Ruby and JavaScript are Object Oriented Programing, which programmers can write programs with objects / object function. Writing in OOP, programmers don't have to repeat themselves. When programmers decide to generate hundreds of instances, programmers do not have to write repetitive code and instances can inheritate those properties belong to the object immediately. This is the one of the important insights of OOP.
Some of Ruby's methods offer non-destructive and destructive ways, which means we can either be mutable or immutable our variables. On the other hand, we use instance variables inside methods, which means we are using outside variables other than parameters.
That's the differences I notice between OOP and Functional Programing.


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Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) is an advanced variation of PAL; as the name PAL shows, it deals mainly with ‘public announcements,’
by which every agent shares the same information; however, the state of knowledge may be changed
not only by public announcements but also announcements to a specific group in a community.
A typical example is ‘private announcements,’ in which someone communicates something to only a single person (e.g., a personal
letter). An extension of PAL, DEL is a logic which can express not only public announcements,
but more delicate and complicated flows of information such as private announcement, and such
a factor that causes a change of knowledge state is called an action (or event) as a whole.
Technically, the notion of action a is defined with the action model which is almost the same as the Kripke model with a
finite domain. Interestingly or oddly, an action model differs from a Kripke model and belongs
to the syntax field of DEL.
| Let |
Agent := { a, b, c, a0, a1, a2, ... } be a countable set of agents,
|
|
Atom := { p, q, r, p0, p1, p2, ... } be a countable set of atomic formulas,
|
|
Evt := { e0, e1, e2, ... } be a countable set of actions (or sometimes called events),
|
An
(S5) action frame is a pair (S, ~) where S is a non-empty finite set of actions and ~
: Agent → S×S is a function which assigns an
equivalence relation on S to an agent.
The DEL-formula A and action model E = (S, ~, pre) are simultaneously defined as follows (p ∈
Atom, e ∈ Evt, a ∈ Agent):
A ::= p | ~A | (A -> A) | #aA | [(E,e)]A
where (S, ~) is an action frame, pre is a function which assigns a DEL-formula pre(b) to each action b ∈ S, and an expression
(E,e) is called a pointed action model.
#aA reads "agent a knows that A",
[(E,e)]A reads "after an action of (E,e), formula A holds".
Let E = (S, ~, pre). Then
Dom(E) := S, and Rel(E) := ~, and Pre(E) := pre.
Other logical connectives are defined in the usual way as follows:
- A & B := ~(A -> ~B)
- A v B := ~A -> B
- bot := p & ~p
- top := bot -> bot
- A <-> B := (A->B) & (B->A)
- $aA := ~#a~A
- <(E,e)>A := ~[(E,e)]~A
- &&(Rel(E)(a)(e,x))A) := A[x/e1] & A[x/e2] & ... & A[x/en]
where {e1, e2,..., en} = { x ∈ Dom(E) | (e,x) ∈ Rel(E)(a)}
and
A[x/y] means "x in A is substituted by y".
Note that ~, ->, &, v, <-> , top, bot, #a, $a and &&(Rel(E)(a)(e,x)) are usually denoted
by \(\neg\), \(\to\), \(\wedge\), \(\vee\), \(\leftrightarrow\), \(\top\), \(\bot\), \(\Box_a\)
(or \(K_a\)), \(\Diamond_a\) (or \(\hat{K}_a\)),
and \(\bigwedge\limits_{e\sim^E_ax}\) respectively.
For readability of a formula, the following notations are also usable:
- #A := #aA
- $A := $aA
- knows(a,A) := #aA
- knows_if(a,A) := #aA v ~#aA


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Your JSON file should have a
certain structure to be readable.
String items
Find and populate
Replaces text only for directly selected text layers.
You can populate layers deeply nested in any group or frame. To do so, manually rename the layer you want to populate so that it matches the name in the JSON file.
Select frames or groups that contents text layers with string templates. Replaces only the contents of a string in {braces}.
All selected items will be filled in a random order.