David Copperfield
by Charles Dickens
1
MAY. PRICE1s.
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bound, 7s. 6d.; euery Is. P a r t IZlush'ated with a beautiful Steel Engraving, chiefly from Original Drawings by
H. WARREN,&q., President of the New Water Colour Societgr,
THE HISTORY OF IRELAND,
FROM THE E l R L I E S T PERIOD OF THE IRISH ANNALS TO THE PRESENT TIME.
BY THOMAS WRIGHT, EsQ., &LA., F.S.A., &c. &c.
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Literature, &c ; Author of "England underthe House of Hanover," "The Riographia Britannica Literaria,"
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To be completed in Forty-two Parts, ut 1s.each.
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Embodying in a condensed and common sense form thesignification of all the terms used in the language.
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T H E A T H E N E U M
JOURNAL O F LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART,
(Stamped to go free by Post, Sd.)
CONTAINS :-
REVIEWS, with copious extracts, of every important New English Book, and of the more important
Foreign Works.
RgPORTS of the Proceedings of the Learned and Scientific Societies, with Abstracts of all Papers
of Interest.
FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE on Subjects relating to Literature, Science, and Art.
AUTHENTIC ACCOUNTS of all Scientific Voyages and Expeditions.
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Prints, &c.
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BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES of Men distinguished in Literature, Science, and Art.
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MISCELLANEA, including all that is likely to interest the informed and intelligent.
THE ATHENXUM
is so conducted that the reader, however far distant, is, in respect to Literature, Science, and the Arts,
on an equality in point of information with the best-informed circles of the Metropolis.
*** The ATHENBUM is published every SATURDAY, hut is re-issued each Month stitched i n a Wrapper.
Agent for F R A N C E , M. BAUDRY, 3, Quai Malaquais, Paris.
Newspaper for the Farming and Gardening Interest.
Every Saturday, price Sixpence, free by Post, each Volume complete in itself,
Enlarged to Twenty-four Folio Pages,
THE FIRST NUMBER FOR 1849, O F
T H E GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
AND
AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE;
A Weekly Record of Rural Economy and General News.

The farming Part, (under the Editorship of a Practical Farmer) treats of-
I
The Practice of Agriculture. Better Modes of Husbandry. Irrigation.
Agricultural Science. Results of well-conducted Experi. Foresting.
Animal andVeaetable Phvsioloev. mental Farmine. Road-makina.
lmprovernents- in lmilerne<<s, Growth and Rota'tion of Crops. arm-~uildi~~s.
described by Woodcuts when- Stock. Labourers.
ever requisite. Drainage. Agricultural Puhlications, &c.,&c.
In short, whatever affects the beneficial employment of capital i n land.
Reports are regularly given of the English, Scotch, and Irish Agricultural Societies and Farmers' Clubs-
London Market Prices of Corn, Hay, Cattle, Seeds, Hops, Potatoes, Wool, &c., and the Weekly Averages.
As Reeards the Gardening Part (under the editorship of Dr. Lindley), the principle is to make i t
a Weekly kccord of c ~ c r y t l ~ i nt hg z bcars l~ponllort~rultnrr,I..loriculture, hrboriculture, or Garden Botany.
arld such Natural Mistor). as has a rclatiotl to Ciardeni~~g, wit11 Notices and Criticisms of all \Vorks on such
subjects. Connected with this part are
WEEKLY CALENDARS OF GARDENING OPERATIONS,
Given in detail, and adapted to the objects of persons in every station of life ; so that the Cottager, with a few
rods of ground before his door, the Amateur who has only a Greenhouse, and the Manager Of Extensive
Gardens, are alike informed of the routine of Operations which the varying seasons render necessary. I t
moreover contains Reports of Horticultural Exhibitions and Proceedings-Notices of Novelties and Improve-
ments-in fact, everything that can tend to advance the Profession, benefit the condition of the Workman, or
conduce to the pleasure of his Employer. 'Woodcuts are given whenever the matter treated of requires that
mode of Illustration.
Replies to Questionsconnected with the object of the Paper are also furnished Weekly.
Lastly, that description of Domestic and Political News is introduced which is usually found in a
Weekly Newspaper. It is unnecessary to dwell on this head further than to say, that the proprietor^ do not
range themselves under the banners of any Party ; their earnest endeavours are to make THE GARDENEES'
CHRONICLE AND AORICULTURAL GAZETTE a full and comprehensive Record of Facts only-a Newspaper in the
true sense of the word-leaving the Reader to form his own opinions; their object being the elucidation of the
laws of Nature, not of Man. The Reader is thus furnished, in addition to the peculiar features of
the Journal with such Information concerning the events of the day, as supersedes the necessity of hls
providing himsklf with any other Weekly Paper.
A P n o s ~ s c ~ vWITH
s , LISTOF CONTRIBUTORS, may be had on application, or by letter, a t the Office, 5, Upper
Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.
Parties intending to Commence with the New Volume had better give their
Orders a t once to any Newsvender.
26
24 ADVERTISEMENTS.
-- - P - -
NISSEN AND PARKER,
STATIONERS, ENGRAVERS, PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS, ACCOUNT BOOK
MANUFACTURERS, &c.
No. 43, Mark Lane, Great Tower Street, London,
RESPECTFULLY direct the attention of Bankers, Merchants, and Public Companies t o their Establishment,
a s above, for the supply of
EVERY ARTICLE FOR T H E COUNTING-HOUSE.
Experience, extending over twenty years, enables them to o5er many advantagesin quality and price. I n large
Mercantile Establishments, the Stationery Department, whilst i t involves a considerable outlay, and interferes
greatly with the comfort of those employed, seldom receives the attention which its importance demands,
from the fact of few Stationers having combined under one Establishment, Printing i n LETTER-PRESS.
LITHOGRAPHY and COPPER-PLATE, the Manufacture of ACCOUNT-BOOKS, and the supply of the more
minute articles for the Office, in addition to the various descriptions of Paper.
NISSEN & PARKER, with a thorough knowledge of the trade, executing every branch on the Premises, beg
respectfully t o state,that all business entrusted t o their care will receive(f0r the smallest order)the most strict
attention; any article not thoroughly approved i s immediately exchanged, and in all cases the utmost exertion
used t o give satisfaction. The extraordinary fact, that upwards of One Thousand Banking and Mercantile
Firms have openedaccounts with this Establishment i n the short space of four years, IS submitted a s a guarantee
for the mode in which the business i s carried out.
ACCOUNT BOOKS.
These Books are made of the finest PAPEBS,ruled by machinery (printed if required), and bound with loose
backs, in forril, calf, vellum, and russia, with bands for extra strength, and with or without brass edging, locks
or bolt clasps, upon a N E W A N D IMPROVED PRINCIPLE, U N I T I N G EVERY S H E E T OF P A P E R M O R E CLOSELY A N D
PERMANENTLY TOGETHER THAN C O U L D POSSIBLY BE EFFECTED B Y THE O L D SYSTEM OF ACCOUNT BOOK
BrNDrNG; whilst the particular desideratum of the books opening with a perfectly flat surface, is (by the
method of binding adopted by N. & P ) obtained with the greatest facility, and the freqnent severing of the
sections entirely obviated, rendering it impossible to detach the leaves, except by tearing them away.
An extensive assortment of Account Books, always ready for immediate dispatch, ruled to all the usual
mercantile patterns, and bound in calf, vellum, or russia.
Ledgers. Letter books. Wharf order books.
Journals. Order ditto. Permit ditto.
Day books. Bill ditto. Parcel ditto.
Bought day books. Contract ditto. Cargo ditto.
Sold ditto. Postage ditto. Log ditto.
Waste ditto. Diaries. I\letallic memorandum ditto.
Cash ditto. Memorandum books. Ullage ditto.
Petty Cash ditto. Account current ditto. Gauge ditto.
Invoice ditto. sale ditto. Wine and spirit stock ditto.
Guard ditto. ~ o c c o r d e ditto.
r &c. &c.
Books for the East Indies, prepared especially for protection from the destructiveness of the White Ant.
BANKERS, MERCHANTS, MEMBERS O F PARLIAMENT, AND OTHERS, REQUIRING
STATIONERY, WILL FIND AT THIS ADDRESS,
EVERY ARTICLE FOR TNE COUNTING IEOUSE OR LIBRARY,
Of the finest quality.-Letter and Note Papers, Envelopes (with o r without stamped addresses), Foreign
Copying Papers, India Letter Papers, Dispatch and Deed Boxes, Cloth Envelopes, &c., &c., &c.
--
BANKERS' CHEQUES.
NISSEN & PARKER solicit inspection of their Printing for BANKCHEQUES, On terms considerably lower
than any that have yet been offered by the trade. The enormous prices that have been kept up by the London
houses have long been a n objection in establishments where the cousumptlon of Cheques and Credit Letters
is e x t e h v e ; and in thus striking a t the root of an evil that has hitherto met with but little opposition, Nlsssn
&PARKER humbly solicit a small portion of public patronage, assuring those houses who may favour them
with their confidence, that all orders will be executed with the greatest dispatch, and with strict attention to
the beauty of the work, and also with a desire t o exchange or take back,all goods that may not meet with
thorough approbation.-Upwards of one hundred banking-houses are supphed from thls establishment.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .
CHEQUES,on tinted paper, (secure from any alteration by the application of acids,) per ream of 4,800,
including all charges for engraving, &c. &2 15 0
Ditto, o n same paper, but printed from type 2 5 0
. . . . . . . . . . .. . ..
[Bound i n slip books, Id. each, and %umbered consecutively, a t a small additional charge.]
.. .. .. ...
CREDITLETTERS,per 1.000, on tinted paper, letter size, half-sheets 1 12 6
Ditto, printed from type
, ~9
.
.
CREDITLETTERS,per 1,000, incolours, on white paper, letter size, half-sbeets
flyleaf
1 5 0
2 0 6
212 o
CoPvrno I N K(more certain in its effects than any yet introduced), pts. 18s., qts. 38s. per d0Z.
COPYINGPAPER(finest French), per ream, 9s.; half-ream, 4s. 6d. ; quarter-ream, 2s. 6d.
COPYINGLETTER BOOKS,for taking copies direct from the macblne. neatly and strongly half-bound, with
index, and every book paged i n type, 68.6d., 98.6d., 12s.6d., and 15s.each.
NISSEN & PARKER, No. 43, Mark Lane, Corner of Great Tower Street, London.
27
ADVERTISEMENTS. 25
- - --- -- -
NATIONAL PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
FOR MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE, ANNUITIES, &c.,
48, GRACECHURCH STREET, LONDON.
Enrolled under the Acts of Parliament relating to Friendly Societies.
DIRECTORS.
CHAIRMAN.-SAMUEL HAYHURST LUCAS, Esa.
DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN.-CHARLESLUSHINGTON, EsQ., M.P.
WILLIAM CASH, ESQ. ROBERT PI. HOLBORN, ESQ.
WILLlARl MILLER CHRISTIE, Esa. ROBERT INGHAM, ESQ.
EDWARD CROWLEY, E s a . ROBERT SHEPPARD, ESQ.
J O H N FELTHAM, ESQ. WILLIAM TYLER, E s a .
CHARLES GILPIN, ESQ. SAMUEL WILSON, Esa. ALDERMAN.
PHYSICIANS.
3. T. CONQUEST, M.D.,F.L.S. I THOMAS HODGKIN, M.D.
TRUSTEES.
WILLIAM CASH, ESQ. SAMUEL H. LUCAS, ESQ.
J O H N FELTHAM, Esa. I
CHARLES LUSHINGTON, E s Q . , ~ ~ . P .
BANKERS.-MESSRS. BROWN, JANSON, & Co.
SOLICITORS.-YESSRS. HARDWICK & DAVIDSON.
CONSULTING ACTUARY.-CHARLES ANSELL, EsQ., F.R.S.
SECRETARY.-JOSEPH MARSH, ESQ.
___C___
E c t r a c t f r o m the R E P O R T o f the D I R E C T O R S , p r e s e n t e d t o the T H I R T E E N T H A N N U A L M E E T I N G
of MEMBERS, held a: the London Tavern, Bishopsgate S t r e e t , December 15, 1848.
SAMUEL HAYHURST LUCAS, ESQ.. I N T H E CHAIR.
The Directors have much pleasure i n laying before the Members, in their Thirteenth Annual Report, the following
statement of the business of the Institution during the past year :-
In that period 1673 proposals for assurance have been submitted to the Board ; of these. 1423 have been accepted,
and policies thereonissued, the annual premiums on which amount t o 3 2 4 , 4 7 5 5s. ad. ; 137 more havebeenaccepted,
but the policies have not been completed; the remaining 113 proposals the directors have deemed it prudent
to decline.
The annual income has increased to 6 1 2 6 , 2 3 2 7 s . 6 d . , notwithstanding the reduction on premiums, amounting to
the sum of %10,716 3s. 6d., allowed to those members who choose this mode of appropriating the profits.
The total amount of bonuses assigned in 1847, to policies on which the original prenliums continue to be paid,
is 837,834 4s., in addition to the sums assigned in 1842.
The accounts to the 20th November last have been duly audited ; the balance of receipts over disbursements for
the gear is 6 7 2 , 8 5 5 19s. 3d., making the capital stock of the Institution a t that date &440,028 15s. Sd., which i s
invested in real and government securities.
The sums paid for claims on policies of deceased members from the commencement of the Institution, including
the bonuses assigned thereto, amount to 8 1 1 1 , 3 3 9 10s. I d . , of which, 8 1 6 , 2 6 0 10s. has been paid within the last
twelve months, and the sum of 6 7 , 7 4 9 , not yet applied for, remains due on Lhis account.
The foregoing summary, exhibiting such successful results in the short space of thirteen pears, attests both the
prosperity and usefulness of the Institution, and the peculiar advantages afforded by the entirely Mutual System of
Assurance on which it is founded.
The following instances illustrate the Reduction i n Premiums and equivalent Bonuses on Policies in Class 9,
payable at death.
-- - --
Equal to a
Premrum of
Years. Years. f: Per Cent.
68 2,000 66
l2
10 )
l. :: 40
42
-t 700 343
395
65 10 o 52 7 6 9 14 2
ill 0 0 60 7 6 10 5 0
2 3 2 0 2 9 5 6 3 1 0 8
25 19 0 24 9 2 2 12 9
46 10 0 I26 11 8 7 4 2
500 6 1 0 1 1 1 2 6 0 1 1 9 5
Copies of the last Report, together with every other information, may be had on application a t the office.
London, April 30, 1849. JOSEPH MARSH, Secretary.
28
26 ADVERTISEMENTS.
 PAUL'S CHURCHYARD, LONDON.

DAKIN & COMPY., being Patentees of the invention and machinery for Roasting Coffee in Silver, whereby
t h e action of the pyroligneous and other vegetable acids upon a n iron cylinder, and t h e consequent reaction of
t h e acetates of iron upon the Coffee are prevented, and being also Patentees of t h e apparatus for preserving
Coffee during the roasting from t h e sulphurous and noxious vapours of the fire have learned with much
regret, that it is t h e intention of t h e principals of some establishments t o pack ;nd sell their i~on-roasted
Coffee in glass bottles on a similar principle t o that adopted by Dakin and Compy, for t h e supplying of thelr
ROYAL PATENT COFFEE ROASTED in SILVER CYLINDERS. Dakin and Compy, respectfully beg,the
attention of the Public t o t h e fact that their name and the contents of t h e bottles supplied by them are ralsed
o n t h e glass, and that the bottles are corked down air-tight and sealed with the Royal Arms, in addition to
which are raised on the seal the words "Dakin's Royal Patent Coffee," and t h e price of t h e whole-namely,
thecoffee and bottle, a s
"2s. 6d." " 3s." " 3s. 6d." " 4s."
The prices of t h e magnum bottles, containing two pounds of "Dakin's Royal Patent Coffee " are 2s.6d.9 3s.
3s. 6d., or 4s. each, and of the one-pound bottles, IS.4d., 1s. ad.. o r 2s. each, according to quality.
A Prospectus, fully detailing the nature and particulars of the invention, may be had, o r will be forwarded
gratis o n application t o Dakin and Compy., or t o any of their agents.
DAKIN & COMPY., Patentees,
Number One, St. Paul's Churchyard, London.
T H E GENTLEMAN'S REAL HEAD OF HAIR or INVISIBLE PERUKE
The principle upon which this Peruke is made is so superior to everything yet
produced, that the Manufacturer invites the honour of a visit from the Sceptic and the
Connoisseur, that one may he convinced and the other gratified, by inspecting this and
other novel and beautiful specimens of the Perruqueian Art, a t the establishment of the
Sole Inventor, F. Browne, 47, FENCHURCH-ST.
F. BROWNE'S INFALLIBLE MODE O F MEASURING T H E HEAD.
Round the head in the manner of a fillet, leavingi As dotted Inches. Eighths.
the Ears loose .......................
....... ............... 1 to 1.
-I
From the Forehead over to the poll, as
way as required ............................................... 2 to 2.
From one Temple to the other, across
Crown of the head to where the Hair grows ............

-- -
ILITHOCRAPHIC8rENCKAVINC ESTABLISHMENT
NOT 80, BISHOPSGA'rE ST W'ITHIN LONDON.
IRAWINCS,MAPS,PtANS.FF SIMILES,WRITINCS LABELS MANUFACTURERS PATTERN$&&,
OFEVERY DESCRIPTION IN THEFIRSTSTYLE WITH ECONOMY& EXPEDITION,
STRAKERJS NEW & 1 IED SIDE & U. ...... T LEVER I
...
which for every character of work stands unrivalled; in sizes from 15 by 20 inches upwards.
I M P O R T E R O F LITHO6lRAPIIIC STONES
The most extensive Stocks of which are constantly on hand and at the lowe& carrent rates.
DETAILED P R I C E LISTS
Of Presses, and every Material and Instrument in the art, together with Designs, forwarded on application.
Instruction in the Art afforded to Amateurs and Public Institutions.
- --
BEAUTY.-The thorn that veils the primrose from oar view is not more invi-
dious in Nature than superfluous Hair o n the Face, Neck and Arms of Beauty. HUBERT'S ROSEATE
POWDER is the most certain and elegant preparation for iis ren~oval-the genuine is perfectly innocent,
i s easy and pleasant t o use, and has been signed " G. H. NOGARD" for t h e last 40 years. Sold f o r t h e pro.
Prietor, by Mr. Hooper, Chemist, 24, Russell Street, Covent Garden, and by all respectable perfumers, in
packets, price 48. Double ditto, 7s., o r b y post, free for 50 o r 88 Postage stamps.
29
ADVERTISEXIENTS. 27
- - ----
PELICAN LIFE ASSURANCE
OFFICE, 70, Lombard-street, and 57, Charing-
J. INDERWICK,
58. PRINCES STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE. - ,
cross, London.-Established 1797.
Begs to announce that he has just received from the
nIREr-r;q. Continellt a large and well selccted Stock of
Matthias Atwood, Esq. Kirkman D. Hodgson,
Robert Gurney Barclay, '& PURE MEERSCRAUM PIPES;'
Esa. Tllomas Hodeson. Eso. Warranted of the finest quality and most approved
W. cbtton, Esq., D.C.L., Henry L. ~ o f i a n d ;B S ~ . shapes.
F.R.S. J. Petty Muspratt, Esq. INDERWICK'S REGISTERED HYDRAULIC TUBE,
W~lharnDavis, Esq. Charles Hampden, Esq., The latest improvement in Smoking. 2s. 6d. each.
Richard Fuller, Esq. F.R.S.
James A. Gordon; Esa.. 1 Matthew Whiting. -. Esa. - WHOLESALE AND RETAIL WAREHOUSE, for
M.D., F.R.S. . --I every description of Smoking Apparatus, 58,
PRINCES STREET,LEICESTERSQUARE.
BONUS.-Notice.-Four-fifths of the net nrofits --
rcR~lsedby t l ~ cCompany from insurances effeected UNDER HER MAJESTY'S ROYAL I.ETTERS PATENT.
U ~ I J I I the partlc~patingscale of prrmlums allotted,
agreeably lo theconditions of the policies every seven
years, commencing from the 3rd of July, 1840.
The followine is a sneclmen of the Bonuses de-
clared at the first septennial investigation up to the
Snd Julv. 1847 :-
I '
\,,dl,
i.>
! s
AwrtJ.
 An
eminent Physician says, "Ladies who take No. 1
from 1 4 t o 20, and No. 2, from 2 0 to 50 years of age:
f s. d. If s. d. / pass through life comparatively free from complaint
and never suffer from the painful diseases of advanced
life." Consumption is prevented-Chlorosis-Gene-
ral Weakness, accompanied by weariness and sinking
ROBERT TUCKER, Secretary. a t the pit of the stomach-Feverishness-Indigestion
-Constipation-Lossof appetite-Flatulence-Heart
burn-Glddlness-Palpitation-Pains i n the Head
0LD. GILT FRAMES made NEW
~n One Instant by merely touching the surface
with SMITH'S GOLD REVIVER, Is. 6d. per bottle.
Stomach, Loins, and all Hysterical Affections a r l
completely removed by their peculiar effects.
Sold by all the London Wholesale Houses :Barclay
GOLD VARNISH, Is. 6d., mends damaged parts: Edwards Sutton, Sanger, Dietrichsen, Prout ai
may be applied by any one. EIAECTRO LIQUID ~ocock's' Female Pill Warehouse, 16, King ~ J e e t ,
SILVER, Is., renders old worn-out Plated Articles a s Covent Garden, and all estahlished Patent Medicine
beautiful and lasting as new. Cost and trouble less Vendors throughout the kingdom. N.B "Locock's
than cleaning. LACKER and BRONZE REVIVER, Female Pills" is engraved on t h e Government Stamp
Is. 6d., for reviving and beautifying metallic surfaces. outside each Box.
Sole Manufacturer, SMITH, 281, Strand (exactly
opposite Norfolk Street); City Depot, DEANE'S,Lon- For Purifying the Slood and Strength-
don Bridge. Agents: Appleby, Soho Bazaar; Cole- ening the Digestive Organs.
man Pantheon. Aplin 23 Lowther Arcade ; Flather,
~niLhtsbridge;'Ferrie;, ~bllock,and Co., Dublin.
F RENCH'S SARSAPARILLA AND
CHAMOMILE, a concentrated Fluid Extract of
A MPUTATION
VENTED BY HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT
AND PILLS.-Extract
AGAIN
of a letter from Mr. S. Smith
PRE- these well known valuable Medicines. I t is suited
for either sex, and will prove a certain cure for Indi..
gestion, Loss of Appetite, Dlmness of Sight, Fainting
69, Cape1 Street, Dublin, dated March 13, 1849:-"~d Fits Wastlng of the Fiesh, Languor, Skin Diseases
Professor Ho1loway.-Dear Sir,--1 thinkit only my ~ h e k m a t i cand Nervous Affections, and all ~ m ~ u r i t i e d
duty to inform you and the public of the wonderful of Blood caused by unhealthy climates, too sedentary
cure your Ointment and Pills have effected o n me. a life, dissipation, and other causes. However debili-
For three years I had a dreadful wound i n my leg. tated the system, or deep-rooted the disease, by the
I tried all the faculty in this city, hut to no purpose; diligent use of t h ~ purifying
s Medicine the energies
they informed me that nothing could save my life hut of the whole nervous system will he augmented, a
amputation. I was then advised by a celebrated more powerful and healthy action of every faculty
doctor to use your remedies, which in a brief period produced, and feebleness, and all the deplorable
have healed my leg, and made i t a s strong as i t symptoms of disease will vanish, and strength and
formerly was." Sold by all vendors of Medicine, and health be restored to the feeble and afflicted by its
at Professor Holloway9s establishment, 244, Strand, restorative properties.-Prepared only by W. A.
London. FRENCH, 309, Holborn, two doors west of Chancery-
lane.
A RROWSMITH'S NEW SUM- I7ORD'S EUREKA SHIRTS, Thirtv
MER CURTAINS, Patented and Manufactured Shillings the half dozen.
for Her Majesty and the Nob~lity,kc., intrmsically "Mr. Ford, of the Strand, hasinvented a shirt which
equal in effect t o the most costly, a t Forty Guineas. will fit the hodv with ease. while the front itself i s so
Price 12s. 6d. and upwards are adapted to different contrived that perfect smoothness and set are ensured,
styles of Decoration and Furnishing.-~lso their despite the most violent movements t o which the
PATENT COUNTERPANE, PIANOFORTE and frame of the wearer may he submitted."-Gblie.
TOILET COVERS. NEGLIGEES. &c.-This mann- Now ready, all the new patterns i n coloured shirts,
facture can only he obtained a t BRROWSMITEII& six for 27s. A catalogue, with directions for self-
CO.'S, DECORATORS AND UPHOLSTERERSTO THE measurement, sent post free.-RICHARD FORD, 185,
QUEEN,80, NEW BOND-STREET. Strand, London.
30
28 ADVERTISEMENTS.
.-.
-.

BY STEPHEN YELDHAM, M.R.C.S., &c.
" The well-narrated experience of a legitimate practitioner."-Jerrold's Weekly Newspaper.
"We recommend this work t o the earnest consideration of the professional world."-Morning Herald.
"Evidently the production of a gentleman, one well skilled in his profession."-St. James's Chronicle.
"The style throughout is free, flowing, quiet, and elegant."-Liverpool Chronicle.
H. BAILLIERE, 219, Regent-street, and AYLOTT & JONES, 8, Paternoster-row.
BIELEFELD'S PAPIER M A C H E , Just published, avo, price IS., o r sent by post free
for Is. 6d.,
The superiority of which, for Architectural Decora- BIELEFELD'S TARIFF OF PAPIER M A C H E
tions,is proved by the fact of its extensive application FRAMES,
in this and other countries. A 4to volume is pub-
lished, price I(., with a Tariff, containing upwards Containing 114 Engravings, including the machine
of 1000 Designs, most of them executed for works made Frame Mouldings, which may be bad in 12-ft.
designed by eminent architects. lengths, without join, or made up complete.
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- By Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent.
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36 envelopes, 12 for each' size, and 36 medallioi
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and Stationery Warehouse, 65, REGENT'S QUADRANT,
corner Of Air-stre t.-J. FIELDhas now on Sale an
TH E FRENCH PROMPTER, a
complete Hand-book of Conversation, arranged
in alphabetical order, so a s t o obvlate all difficultyof
extensive collection of Bibles, Prayer Books, and reference each English word is followed by the
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Work; suitable for seLvoyages, school prizes birth- author of " L'Echo de Paris," " Petlt Mns6e de
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No. 71, KING WILLIAM STREET, MANSION HOUSE, LONDON.
DIRECTORS.
i
George Ashlin, Esq. John Ledger, E S ~ . i
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Lieut. Colonel Abdy John ami is, Esq. Wm phelps Esq. James Traill. Esq.
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p
AND SHOW ROOMS.
1 JENNENS & BETTRIDGE,
MANUFACTURERS, BY DISTINCT APPOINTMENT,
H E R MAJESTY, H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT, & T H E ROYAL
FAMILY.
6, HALKIN-STREET WEST,BELGRAVE-SQUARE, ;
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AND ALSO AT BIRMINGHAM.
these Works are manufactured Papier MLch6 Trays, Tables, Chairs,
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JENNENS & BETTRIDGE'S manufactures can be had at the establishments above named, and of the
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important city i n the world.
N.B.-A11 goods marked " JENNENS & BETTRIDGE"are warranted.
Strangers of respectability visiting Birmingham may inspect these works, and obtain introductions t o the
other establishments of interest.
31
ADVERTISEMENTS. 29
BRITISN COLLEGE OF' HEALTH, NEW ROAD, LONDON.
Fore~gnGeneral Agents for the Sale of MORISON'S PILLS,-the Vegetable Universal Medicine.
. .. . .. . ..
Adelaide (S. A.)
Amsterdam . Mr. J. Stephens.
Mr. Jacob Meihnizen.
Angostura
.. .
Aruba, ~ e s i ~ n d i e s . . M. Rouquette.
M. D. Capriles, Jun.
Baltimore (U. S.)
Barbadoes . . . . ... J. C. French and Son.
J. Montefiore and Co.
Barcelona, Spain
Basle (Switzerland)
Bathurst (Gambia).
. . .. Mr. Charles Sola.
Mr. Roderick Scholp.
Mr. Daniel Slight.
Bologna, Italy . . . Mr. V. A. Guarmani.
. . . ..
Brody (Germany)
Cadiz . ... N. Kornfield, Esq.
Mr. J. Bensnsan.
Calcutta
.
. .
. . T. Gardner, Esq.
...
Cape Breton Lieut. J. M'Kinnon.
Carthagena Sir Rafael Cauto. Muralla do1 Mar.
Constantinople Mr. A. Stampa.
Copenhagen . Mr. C. S. Holm.
Cortu . . . . . Mr. J. W. Tavlor.
. .
Cracow
Curaqoa (W. I.) . ..
Douglas (Isle of Man) Nelson- street.

George Town City (Demerara)
Gibraltar
Guernsey
Habana
Halifax (N.
Jagelnica .
i). .. -
acklinla
Kempton (Bavaria)
Ditto ditto
. .
. . ..
Kingston (Jamaica)
London (U.Canada) . .
.

Malta
Madrld . . .. .. .. . ..
D. J o s e Simon.
Dr. Ambrosia C. Sauto, Callo del Media, NO. 13.
. . ...
Matanzas (Cuba)
Mexico
M~lan . Mr. JeanTogno.
Mr. J. E. Rivolta.
i.) . ..
Montreal Mr. R. Trudean.
New York (U. Messrs. Firth, Pond, and Co.
Odessa . . . Messrs. Stiffel a n d Co.
. Wm.
Passau Carl ~ e & a n .
Pernambuco (Brazils) A. S. Corbett, Esq.
Russia (Interior) W. Wagner, Odessa.
Vienna
Valencia
.. . . . .. .. Mr. Matthew Burger.
Mr. Antonio Andreu.
Bishop's Auckland (New Zealand) Mr. R. Parris.
-.
PARASOLS.
W. & J. SANGSTER
BEG to submit to t h e Nobility and Gentry a n entirely new PARASOL for this season, called t h e PATENT
SWISS PARASOL, of which t h e style and make is particularly new and elegant. I t will be sold retail, lined
and fringed, a t 10s. 6d. each, o r unlined a t 6s. 6d. each. W. and J. Sangster also respectfully solicit a n inspec-
tion of t h e n extensive stock of FANCY SILK PARASOLS, suitable tor the carriage, promenade, garden, o r
sea side. 140, Regentstreet; 94, Fleet.street; 10, Royal Exchange; 40, Cornhill.
32
30 ADVERTISEMENTS.
 LOCOCK'S P U L M O N I C W A F E R S .
',," Small l~ooks,containing many hwzdreds of p?.opevZy authenticated (restimonials, may be
had from every Agent.
Cure of 29 years' ~ s t h m a t i ccough, From J. D. Marshall, M.D., Lecturer to the Royal Insti.
Middleton, near Manchester.
Sir,-I am now 44 years of age, and I have been
1 tution, Belfast, and Chemist in Ireland to her Majesty
--- O , I-P-C-, , ._..
8, High-street, Belfast, Sept. 2lst, 1847.
afflicted with an asthwdtic cough since I was a boy of Gentlemen,-I have the gratification of stating that
fifteen years of age. during that time I have resorted to from all I have been enabled to observe of Dr. Locock's
every means in my iower to remove it, but in vain, until Pulmonic Wafers, they have been of eminent service in
last Sunday, when I sent for a small box of Dr. Locock's the alleviation of severe asthmatic coughs, pains in the
Wafers. I have taken two boxes since, and from the chest, &c.
effects they have had upon me I feel no douht of a speedy I have no doubt that when they hecomemore generally
recovery. known in the north of Ireland, they will be as highly
G. STRINGER. esteemed as they are in other parts of the kingdom.
Witness, M. LYNCH, Chemist, Market-street. J. D. MARSHALL, M.D.
DR. LOCOCK'S WAFERS give instant relief, and a rapid cure of asthma, coilsuinptioll,
coughs, colds, and all disorders of the breath and lungs.
TO SINGERS A N D PUBLIC SPEAKERS they are invaluable, as in a few hours
they remove all hoarseness, and wonderfully increase the power and flexibility of the voice.
They have a pleasant taste. Price 1s. lpd., 2s. Sd., and 11s. per box.
AGENTS : DA SILVA & CO., 1, Bride-lane, Fleet-street, London. Sold by all Medicine Vendors.
PRICE, Is. lBd., 2s. gd., and 11s. per box.
The only Medicine recommended to be
taken by Females !
BFWAEE OF IMITATIONS l
unprincipled Persons Counterfeitthis medi-
cine in the form of PILLS,&c. Purchasers
must therefore observe that none are Gen-
uine but "WAFERS " and that the words
I' DR. LOCOC$IS WAFERS71
are in the Stamp outside each Box.
O~sERvE.-There a& various Counterfeit Medicbes,
having words on the Stamp so NEARLY RESEMBLING
THESE, as to mislead the unwary. Purchasers
must therefore st~ictlyobserve the above Caution.
Prepared only by the Proprietor's Agents, DA SILVA & CO.,
1, Bride Lane, Fleet S t , London. Sold by all MedicineVendors.
33
ADVERTISEMENTS. 31
-- -- -
EAGLANDS newly invented INVISIBLE SPINE
SUPPORTERS will be follnd well deserving the atten-
tion of the Medical Profession, and of persons suffering
under Spinal deformity and its consequences. As any
attempt a t a description must needs fall s h o r t of giving
a correct idea of the plan itself, ,Mr. EAGLAND solici!s
a n inspection. They are beautlfully simple and eml-
nently successful, quite imperceptible, and conceal the
deformity from the keenest observer. Mr. E. has the
pleasure t o add, that he is empowered to refer t o ladies
of the highest respectability a s t o the remedial effects
produced by their use.
12, C O V E N T R Y S T R E E T , H A Y M A R K E T ,
LONDON.
*,* Hours Eleven till Six.
-
C H I L D R E N ' S FROCKS. COATS, AND P
I n all the New Materials and prevailing Styles, a
large portion of which areexpressly adapted for School
Wear, a t SHEARMAN'S, 5, FINSBURY PAVEMENT.
LONDON (between the Bank and Finsbury Square).
SEVERAL HUNDREDS constantly on view from
.
the useful dress a t Is. Ild., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d mddium,
6s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. Bd., 12s. 6d.; handso& 158. 6d.,
18s. 6d., 21s. 6d., up to the richest goods mide i n Silk
Velvets, Three, Four, and Five Guineas.
HOLLAND DRESSES of all kinds. Pinafores, 10bd.;
Frocks, IS. 6d., Is. 9d.; ditto, long sleeves, 2s. gd.,
3s. 6 d . ; Blouses, 3s. Ed., 4s. 6d., 5s. 6d.
MANTLES, PALETOTS, CLOAKS, JACKETS, and
SPENCERS, in great variety, adapted for allages, two
years and upwards.

*, A n Illustrated Pamphlet, affording additional information, sent
free on the receipt of a paid Letter.
34
DOUDNEYS
Watettprclclfer$, EaBttTO $l%atiers',anD GEaiIors'
QUEEN V I C T O R I A , QUEEN ADELAIDE,
H.R.H. Prince Albert, H.R.H. The Duchess of Kent,
KING LOUIS PHILIPPE,
And the ROYAL FAMILIES of ENGLAND and FRANCE,
The DOUDNEYS motto is "none but Good Articles can be cheap,"
and with this ever in view they have, by increasing efforts, established a R e a d y Money business of great extent
among the strong holds of)the old fashioned usurious Credit System. As to the character and recom-
mendatory influence of the approbation which has been bestowed upon their endeavours; let their 3?i& IIoyal
Appointments, and their Patronage Book filled wlth the Royal, Illustrious, and Noble names
of their customers, testify.
The New Patterns for Spring and Summer wear are now ready for
inspection at the Old Prices so famous in seasons p a t , viz. :-Summer Waistcoats 7s. each, or 3 for 20s.-
Summer Trousers 10s. 6d. per pair: or 3 for 30s.-Summer Coats, the beautiful light material 10s. 66.-21s. and 30s.
The Queens Victoria and Adelaide, and the Royal and Noble Duchesses
of Kent and Cambridge. Sutherland and Buccleuch, constantly wear Doudney's elegant Registered Cloak i n a
variety of Waterproof, ~uaterialsfor Winter Wraps and the Promenade.--LLEvery Lady should see these graceful)~ar-
ments." (Tide Morning Post, September 26th.) They surpass all others for School Cloaks for the sons and daughters.
For Gentlemen.-The Roval Redstered Cloak. as made for
H.IS.IL. ImRISCE.LLREI(T, the ~ o b i i l ttlie ~ ,~ r n ; ~ , and Savy, atld all \\:lie sru~:yromf<,r*i,
cjupled witli a trulvGentlemanly exterior. Tliese cloaks are pr~~riuunced by those wlio understnnJ tllc Iiiatter, '6 The
~ro*b nrrlsihl&Garlucnt e v e r iutr.odnced,"dt prices to suit nil custonlcrs irom the Supcrh down to tlle
useful Guinea Cloak.
The New Patent Belt for Riding or general exercise, the only really effectual
protection against rupture; the support commencing at the bottom edge of the belt, and producing an uniform upward
pressure. They may be enlarged or tightened to the extent of six inches at pleasure, and never produce indigestlon
either in Ladies or Gentlemen. They are attached to Drawers with excellent effect. The most eminent of the Faculty
are recommending these in preference to all others.
LIVERIES. Three Guineas the Plain Suit of Best Quality. Ready Money
be8 it !I! and a very extensive practice among families of first distinction insures satisfactory results.
Habit Makers by Special Appointment to Queen Victoria and
the Ladies of the Court. A Superfine Cloth Habit for 4 Guineas,
Waterproof Irish Poplin. The DOUDNEYS are the sole manufac-
turers of this beautiful article to H E R MAJESTY AND T H E PRINCE CONSORT. Gentlemen's Coats, Ladies
Cloaks, and lengths for Dresses can be obtained only at their Establishment.
Country Gentlemen wishing to be Respectably Dressed at low Prices should
send for a Book of detail, self-measurement and all the System of business, or if 3 or 4 Gentlemen unite, a Traveller
will wait upon them.
17, OLD BOND ST.,25,BURLINGTON ARCADE
49. LOMBARD ~ ~ ~ l % i ~ - ~ s t a b l1784.
ished
35
36
37
PERSONAL HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE
OF
DAVID COPPERFIELD THE YOUNGER.
CHAPTER I.
I AM BORN.
WHETHER I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether
that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.
To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born
(as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o'clock at
night. I t was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began
to cry, simultaneously.
I n consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declared by
the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken
a lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of
our becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be
unlucky in life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and
spirits; both these gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all
unlucky infants of either gender, born towards the small hours on a
Friday night.
I need say nothing here, on the first head, because nothing can show
better than my history whether that prediction was verified or falsified
by the result. On the second branch of the question, I will only
remark, that unless I ran through that part of my inheritance while I
was still a baby, I have not come into it yet. But I do not at all
complain of having been kept out of this property; and if anybody
else should be in the present enjoyment of it, he is heartily welcome to
keep it.
I was born with a caul, which was advertised for sale, in the newspapers,
at the low price of fifteen guineas. Whether sea-going people were
short of money about that time, or were short of faith and preferred
cork-jackets, I don't know; all I know is, that there was but one
solitary bidding, and that was from an attorney connected with the bill-
broking business, who offered two pounds in cash, and the balance in
B
38
2 THE PERSONAL HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE
sherry, but declined to be guaranteed from drowning on any higher bargain.
Consequently the advertisement was withdrawn at a dead loss-for as to
sherry, my poor dear mother's own sherry was in the market then-and
ten years afterwards the caul was put up in a raffle down in our
part of the country, to fifty members at half-a-crown a head, the winner
to spend five shillings. I was present myself, and I remember to
have felt quite uncomfortable and confused, at a part of myself being
disposed of in that way. The caul was won, I recollect, by an old lady
with a hand-basket, who, very reluctantly, produced from it the stipulated
five shillings, d l in halfpence, and twopence halfpenny short-as it took
an immense time and a great waste of arithmetic, to endeavour without
any effect to prove to her. I t is a fact which will be long remembered
as remarkable down there, that she was never drowned, but died tri-
umphantly in bed, at ninety-two. I have understood that it was,
to the last, her proudest boast, that she never had been on the water in
her lifc, except upon a bridge; and that over her tea (to which she was
extremely partial) she, to the last, expressed her indignation at the
impiety of mariners and others, who had the presumption to go
"meandering" about the world. It was in vain to represent to her
that some conveniences, tea perhaps included, resulted from this ob-
jectionable practice. She always returned, with greater emphasis and
with an instinctive knowledge of the strength of her objection, "Let us
have no meandering."
Not to meander, myself, at present, I will go back to my birth.
I was born at Blunderstone, in Suffolk, or "thereby," as they say in
Scotland. I was a postlumous child. My father's eyes had closed upon
the light of this world six months, when mine opened on it. There is
something strange to me, even now, in the reflection that he never saw
me ; and something stranger yet in the shadowy remembrance that I have
of my first childish associations with his white grave-stone in the church-
yard, and of the indefinable compassion I used to feel for it lying out done
there in the dark night, when our little parlor was warm and bright with
f i e and candle, and the doors of our house were-almost cruelly, i t seemed
to me sometimes-bolted and locked against it.
An aunt of my father's, and consequently a great-aunt of mine, of
whom I shall have more to relate by and by, was the principal magnate
of our family. Miss Trotwood, or Miss Betsey, as my poor mother always
called her, when she sufficiently overcame her dread of this formidable
personage to mention her at all (which was seldom), had been married
to a husband younger than herself, who was very handsome, except in the
sense of the homely adage, "handsome is, that handsome doesH-for he
was strongly suspected of having beaten Miss Betsey, and even of having
once, on a disputed question of supplies, made some hasty but determined
arrangements to throw her out of a two pair of stairs' window. These
evidences of an incompatibility of temper induced Miss Betsey to pay
him off, and effect a separation by mutual consent. H e went to India
with his capital, and there, according to a wild legend in our family, he
was once seen riding on an elephant, in company with a Baboon; but
I think it must have been a Baboo-or a Begum. Any how, from India
39
OP DAVID COPPERFIELD. u
tidings of his death reached home, within ten years. How they affected
my aunt, nobody knew; for immediately upon the separation, she took
her maiden name again, bought a cottage in a hamlet on the sea-coast a
long way off, established herself there as a single woman with one servant,
and was understood to live secluded, ever afterwards, in an inflexible
retirement.
My father had once been a favorite of hers, I believe; but she was
mortally affronted by his marriage, on the ground that my mother was
" a wax doll." She had never seen my mother, but she knew her to be
not yet twenty. My father and Miss Betsey never met again. H e was
double my mother's age when he married, and of but a delicate constitu-
tion. H e died a year afterwards, and, as I have said, six months before I
came into the world.
This was the state of matters, on the afternoon of, what I may be
excused for calling, that eventful and important Friday. I can make no
claim therefore to have known, at that time, how matters stood ; or to have
any remembrance, founded on the evidence of my own senses, of what
follows.
My mother was sitting by the fire, but poorly in health, and very low
in spirits, looking at it through her tears, and desponding heavily about
herself and the fatherless little stranger, who was already welcomed by some
grosses of prophetic pins, in a drawer up-stairs, to a world not at all excited
on the subject of his arrival; my mother, I say, was sitting by the fire,
that bright, windy March afternoon, very timid and sad, and very doubtful
of ever coming alive out of the trial that was before her, when, lifting her
eyes as she dried them, to the window opposite, she saw a strange lady
coming up the garden.
My mother had a sure foreboding at the second glance, that it was Miss
Betsey. The setting sun was glowing on the strange lady, over the
garden-fence, and she came walking up to the door with a fell rigidity
of figure and composure of countenance that could have belonged to
nobody else.
When she reached the house, she gave another proof of her identity.
My father had often hinted that she seldom conducted herself like any
ordinary Christian; and now, instead of ringing the bell, she came and
looked in at that identical window, pressing the end of her nose against
the glass to that extent, that my poor dear mother used to say it became
perfectly flat and white in a moment.

  Then she made a frown
and a gesture to my mother, like one who was accustomed to be obeyed,
to come and open the door. My mother went.
" Mrs. David Copperfield, I think," said Miss Betsey ; the emphasis
referring, perhaps, to my mother's mourning weeds, and her condition.
" Yes," said my mother, faintly.
B 2
40
T THE PERSONAL HISTORY AND EXPRRIENCE
" Miss Trotwood," said the visitor. "You have heard of her, I dare
say ?"
My mother answered she had had that pleasure. And she had a dis-
agreeable consciousness of not appearing to imply that it had been an
overpowering pleasure.
" Now you see her," said Miss Betsey.
They went into the parlor my mother had come from, the fire in the
best room on the other side of the passage not being lighted-not having
been lighted, indeed, since my father's funeral ; and when they were both
seated, and Miss Betsey said nothing, my mother, after vainly trying to
restrain herself, began to cry.
" Oh tut, tut, tut !" said Miss Betsey, in a hurry. " Don't do that!
Come, come !"
My mother couldn't help it notwithstanding, so she cried until she had
had her cry out.

My mother was too much afraid of her to refuse compliance with this
odd request, if she had any disposition to do so. Therefore she did as
she was told, and did it with such nervous hands that her hair (which was
luxuriant and beautiful) fell all about her face.
" Why, bless my heart !" exclaimed Miss Betsey.
My mother was, no doubt, unusually youthful in appearance even
for her years; she hung her head, as if it were her fault, poor thing,
and said, sobbing, that indeed she was afraid she was but a childish
widow, and would be but a childish mother if she lived. I n a short
pause which ensued, she had a fancy that she felt Miss Betsey touch her
hair, and that with no ungentle hand; but, looking at her, in her timid
hope, she found that lady sitting with the skirt of her dress tucked up,
her hands folded on one knee, and her feet upon the fender, frowning - at
the fire.
<' I n the name of Heaven," said Miss Betsey, suddenly, " why Rookery ? "
"DO you mean the house, ma'am? " asked my mother.
 " Cookery would have been
more to the purpose, if you had had any practical ideas of Life, either of
y OU."
<<Thename was Mr. Copperfield's choice," returned my mother.
"When he bought the house, he liked to think that there were rooks
about it."
The evening wind made such a disturbance just now, among some tall
old elm-trees at the bottom of the garden, that neither my mother nor
Miss Betsey could forbear glancing that way. As the elms bent to one
another, like giants who were whispering secrets, and after a few seconds
of such repose, fell into a violent flurry, tossing their wild arms about, as
if their late confidences were really too wicked for their peace of mind,
some weather-beaten ragged old rooksy-nests, burdening their higher
branches, swung like wrecks upon a stormy sea.
"Where are the birds? " asked Miss Betsey.
41
OF DAVID COPPERFIELD.
"The -?" My mother had been thinking of something else.
"The rooks-what has become of them ?" asked Miss Betsey.
"There have not been any since we have lived here," said my mother.
"We thought-Mr. Copperfield thought-it was quite a large rookery ;
but the nests were very old ones, and the birds have deserted them a
long while."
<<DavidCopperfield all over ! " cried Miss Betsey. "David Copper-
field from head to foot ! Calls a house a rookery when there 's not a rook
near it, and takes the birds on trust, because he sees the nests ! "
" Mr. Copperfield," returned my mother, " is dead, and if you dare to
speak unkindly of him to me-"
My poor dear mother, I suppose, had some momentary intention of
committing an assault and battery upon my aunt, who could easily have
settled her with one hand, even if my mother had been in far better
training for such an encounter than she was that evening. But it passed
with the action of rising from her chair; and she sat down again very
meekly, and fainted.
When she came to herself, or when Miss Betsey had restored her,
whichever it was, she found the latter standing at the window. The
twilight was by this time shading down into darkness; and dimly as
they saw each other, they could not have done that without the aid of the
fire.
"Well ? " said Miss Betsey, coming back to her chair, as if she had only
been taking a casual look at the prospect ; " and when do you expect-"
" I am all in a tremble," falteredmy mother. " I don't know what 's
the matter. I shall die, I am sure ! "
"No, no, no," said Miss Betsey. " Have some tea."

" Of course i t will," said Miss Betsey . " I t 's nothing but fancy.
What do you call your girl ? "
" I don't know that it will be a girl, yet, ma'am," said my mother
innocently.
"Bless the Baby ! " exclaimed Miss Betsey, unconsciously quoting the
second sentiment of the pincushion in the drawer up-stairs, but applying
it to my mother instead of me, "I don't mean that. I mean your
servant-girl."
"Peggotty," said my mother.
" Peggotty !" repeated Miss Betsey, with some indignation. " Do you
mean to say, child, that any human being has gone into a Christian church,
and got herself named Peggotty ? "
" I t ' s her surname," said my mother, faintly. "Mr. Copperfield called
her by it, because her Christian name was the same as mine."
" Here ! Peggotty !" cried Miss Betsey, opening the parlor-door. " Tea.
 Don't dawdle."
Having issued this mandate with as much potentiality as if she had
been a recognised authority in the house ever since it had been a house,
and having looked out to confront the amazed Peggotty coming along the
passage with a candle at the sound of a strange voice, Miss Betsey shut
42
6 THE PERSONAL HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE
the door again, and sat down as before: with her feet on the fender, the
skirt of her dress tucked up, and her hands folded on one knee.
"You were speaking about its being a girl," said Miss Betsey. "I
have no doubt it will be a girl. I have a presentiment that it must be a
girl. Now child, from the moment of the birth of this girl-"
"Perhaps boy," my mother took the liberty of putting in.
" I tell you I have a presentiment that it must be a girl," returned
Miss Betsey. "Don't contradict. Prom the moment of this girl's birth,
child, I intend to be her friend. I intend to be her godmother, and I beg
you'll call her Betsey Trotwood Copperfield. There must be no mistakes
in life with this Betsey Trotwood. There must be no trifling with her
affections, poor dear. She must be well brought up, and well guarded
from reposing any foolish confidences where they are not deserved. I
must make that my care."
There was a twitch of Miss Betsey's head, after each of these sentences,
as if her own old wrongs were working within her, and she repressed any
plainer reference to them by strong constraint. So my mother suspected,
at least, as she observed her by the low glimmer of the fire : too much
scared by Miss Betsey, too uneasy in herself, and too subdued and be-
wildered altogether, to observe anything very clearly, or to know what
to say.
 "Were you comfortable together? "
"We were very happy," said my mother. " Mr. Copperfield was only
too good to me."

"For being quite alone and dependent on myself in this rough world
again, yes, I fear he did indeed," sobbed my mother.
" Well ! Don't cry! " saidMiss Betsey. " You were not equally matched,
child-if any two people can be equally matched-and so I asked the
question. You were an orphan, weren't you?"
r' Yes."
" And a governess ?"
" I was nursery-governess in a family where Mr. Copperfield came to
visit. Mr. Copperfield was very kind to me, and took a great deal of
notice of me, and paid me a good deal of attention, and at last proposed
to me. And I accepted him. And so we were married," said my mother
simply.
" Ha ! poor Baby !" mused Miss Betsey, with her frown still bent upon
the fire. " Do you know anything ?"
" I beg your pardon, ma'am," faltered my mother.
"About keeping house, for instance," said Miss Betsey.
" Not much, I fear," returned my mother. "Not so much as I could
wish. But Mr. Copperfield was teaching me-"
(" Much he knew about it himself! ") said Miss Betsey in a parenthesis.
-" And I hope I should have improved, being very anxious to learn,
and he very patient to teach, if the great misfortune of his death "-my
mother broke down again here, and could get no farther.
43
OF DAVID COPPERFIELD.
'[Well, well !" said Miss Betsey.
-<< I kept my housekeeping-book regularly, and balanced it with Mr.
Copperfield every night," cried my mother in another burst of distress,
and breaking down again.
" Well, well !" said Miss Betsey. " Don't cry any more."
-a And I am sure we never had a word of difference respecting it,
except when Mr. Copperfield objected to my threes and fives being too
muchlike each other, or to my putting curly tails to my sevens and nines,"
resumed my mother in another burst, and breaking down again.
" You'll make yourself ill," said Miss Betsey, "and you know that will
not be good either for you or for my god-daughter. Come ! You mustn't
do it ! "
This argument had some share in quieting my mother, though her
increasing indisposition perhaps had a larger one. There was an interval
of silence, only broken by Miss Betsey's occasionally ejaculating " H a ! "
as she sat with her feet upon the fender.
" David had bought an annuity for himself with his money, I know,"
said she, by and by. " What did he do for you? "
" Mr. Copperfield," said my mother, answering with some difficulty,
"was so considerate and good as to secure the reversion of a part of it
to me."
" How much? " asked Miss Betsey.
"A hundred and five pounds a year," said my mother.
" H e might have done worse," said my aunt.
The word was appropriate to the moment. My mother was so much
worse that Peggotty, coming in with the teaboard and candles, and seeing
at a glance how ill she was,-as Miss Betsey might have done sooner if
there had been light enough,-conveyed her up-stairs to her own room
with all speed ; and immediately dispatched Ham Peggotty, her nephew,
who had been for some days past secreted in the house, unknown to my
mother, as a special messenger in case of emergency, to fetch the nurse
and doctor.
Those allied powers were considerably astonished, when they arrived
within a few minutes of each other, to find an unknown lady of portentous
appearance, sitting before the fire, with her bonnet tied over her left arm,
stopping her ears with jewellers' cotton. Peggotty knowing nothing
about her, and my mother saying nothing about her, she was quite a
mystery in the parlor ; and the fact of her having a magazine of jewellers'
cotton in her pocket, and sticking the article in her ears in that way, did
not detract from the solemnity of her presence.
The doctor having been up-stairs and come down again, and having
satisfied himself, I suppose, that there was a probability of this unknown
lady and himself having to sit there, face to face, for some hours, laid
himself out to be polite and social. He was the meekest of his sex, the
mildest of little men. He sidled in and out of a room, to take up the
less space. H e walked as softly as the Ghost in Hamlet, and more
slowly. H e carried his head on one side, partly in modest depreciation
of himself, partly in modest propitiation of everybody else. It is nothing
to say that he hadn't a word to throw at a dog. He couldn't have
44
THE PERSONAL HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE
throw% a word at a mad dog. He might have offered him one gently,
or half a one, or a fragment of one; for he spoke as slowly as he walked ;
but he wouldn't have been rude to him, and he couldn't have been
quick with him, for any earthly consideration.
Mr. Chillip, looking mildly at my aunt, with his head on one side,
and making her a little bow, said, in allusion to the jewellers' cotton, as
he softly touched his left ear :
" Some local irritation, ma'am ? "
"What! " replied my aunt, pulling the cotton out of one ear like
a cork.
Mr. Chillip was so alarmed by her abruptness-as he told my mother
afterwards-that it was a mercy he didn't lose his presence of mind.
But he repeated, sweetly :
" Some local irritation, ma'am ? "
" Nonsense !" replied my aunt, and corked herself again, at one
blow.
Mr. Chillip could do nothing after this, but sit and look at her feebly,
as she sat and looked at the fire, until he was called up-stairs again.
After some quarter of an hour's absence, he returned.
"Well?" said my aunt, taking the cotton out of the ear nearest
to him.
" Well, ma'am," returned Mr. Chillip, "we are-we are progressing
slowly, ma'am."
" Ba-a-ah ! " said my aunt, with a perfect shake on the contemptuous
interjection. And corked herself, as before.
Really-really-as Mr. Chillip told my mother, he was almost shocked ;
speaking in a professional point of view alone, he was almost shocked.
But he sat and looked at her, notwithstanding, for nearly two hours, as
she sat looking at the fire, until he was again called out. After another
absence, he again returned.
" Well ? " said my aunt, taking out the cotton on that side again.
" Well, ma'am," returned Mr. Chillip, " we are-we are progressing
slowly, ma'am."
" Ya-a-ah!" said my aunt. With such a snarl at him, that Mr. Chillip
absolutely could not bear it. I t was really calculated to break his spirit,
he said afterwards. He preferred to go and sit upon the stairs, in the
dark and a strong draught, until he was again sent for.
Ham Peggotty, who went to the national school, and was a very
dragon at his catechism, and who may therefore be regarded as a credible
witness, reported next day, that happening to peep in at the parlor-door
an hour after this, he was instantly descried by Miss Betsey, then walking
to and fro in a state of agitation, and pounced upon before he could make
his escape. That there were now occasional sounds of feet and voices
overhead which he inferred the cotton did not exclude, from the circum-
stance of his evidently being clutched by the lady as a victim on whom to
expend her superabundant agitation when the sounds were loudest. That,
marching him constantly up and down by the collar (as if he had been
taking too much laudanum), she, at those times, shook him, rumpled his
hair, made light of his linen, stopped his ears as if she confounded them
45
OF DAVID COPPERFIELD. 9