APLAY
Section: User Commands (1)Updated: 1 January 2010
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
arecord, aplay - command-line sound recorder and player for ALSA soundcard driverSYNOPSIS
arecord [flags] [filename]aplay [flags] [filename [filename]] ...
DESCRIPTION
arecord is a command-line soundfile recorder for the ALSA soundcard driver. It supports several file formats and multiple soundcards with multiple devices. If recording with interleaved mode samples the file is automatically split before the 2GB filesize.aplay is much the same, only it plays instead of recording. For supported soundfile formats, the sampling rate, bit depth, and so forth can be automatically determined from the soundfile header.
If filename is not specified, the standard output or input is used. The aplay utility accepts multiple filenames.
OPTIONS
- -h, --help
- Help: show syntax.
- --version
- Print current version.
- -l, --list-devices
- List all soundcards and digital audio devices
- -L, --list-pcms
- List all PCMs defined
- -D, --device=NAME
- Select PCM by name
- -q --quiet
- Quiet mode. Suppress messages (not sound :))
- -t, --file-type TYPE
- File type (voc, wav, raw or au). If this parameter is omitted the WAVE format is used.
- -c, --channels=#
- The number of channels. The default is one channel. Valid values are 1 through 32.
- -f --format=FORMAT
-
Sample format
Recognized sample formats are: S8 U8 S16_LE S16_BE U16_LE U16_BE S24_LE S24_BE U24_LE U24_BE S32_LE S32_BE U32_LE U32_BE FLOAT_LE FLOAT_BE FLOAT64_LE FLOAT64_BE IEC958_SUBFRAME_LE IEC958_SUBFRAME_BE MU_LAW A_LAW IMA_ADPCM MPEG GSM SPECIAL S24_3LE S24_3BE U24_3LE U24_3BE S20_3LE S20_3BE U20_3LE U20_3BE S18_3LE S18_3BE U18_3LE
Some of these may not be available on selected hardware
The available format shortcuts are:-f cd (16 bit little endian, 44100, stereo) [-f S16_LE -c2 -r44100] -f cdr (16 bit big endian, 44100, stereo) [-f S16_BE -c2 -f44100] -f dat (16 bit little endian, 48000, stereo) [-f S16_LE -c2 -r48000]
If no format is given U8 is used. - -r, --rate=#<Hz>
- Sampling rate in Hertz. The default rate is 8000 Hertz. If the value specified is less than 300, it is taken as the rate in kilohertz. Valid values are 2000 through 192000 Hertz.
- -d, --duration=#
- Interrupt after # seconds. A value of zero means infinity. The default is zero, so if this option is omitted then the arecord process will run until it is killed.
- -s, --sleep-min=#
- Min ticks to sleep. The default is not to sleep.
- -M, --mmap
- Use memory-mapped (mmap) I/O mode for the audio stream. If this option is not set, the read/write I/O mode will be used.
- -N, --nonblock
- Open the audio device in non-blocking mode. If the device is busy the program will exit immediately. If this option is not set the program will block until the audio device is available again.
- -F, --period-time=#
- Distance between interrupts is # microseconds. If no period time and no period size is given then a quarter of the buffer time is set.
- -B, --buffer-time=#
- Buffer duration is # microseconds If no buffer time and no buffer size is given then the maximal allowed buffer time but not more than 500ms is set.
- --period-size=#
- Distance between interrupts is # frames If no period size and no period time is given then a quarter of the buffer size is set.
- --buffer-size=#
- Buffer duration is # frames If no buffer time and no buffer size is given then the maximal allowed buffer time but not more than 500ms is set.
- -A, --avail-min=#
- Min available space for wakeup is # microseconds
- -R, --start-delay=#
- Delay for automatic PCM start is # microseconds (relative to buffer size if <= 0)
- -T, --stop-delay=#
- Delay for automatic PCM stop is # microseconds from xrun
- -v, --verbose
- Show PCM structure and setup. This option is accumulative. The VU meter is displayed when this is given twice or three times.
- -V, --vumeter=TYPE
- Specifies the VU-meter type, either stereo or mono. The stereo VU-meter is available only for 2-channel stereo samples with interleaved format.
- -I, --separate-channels
- One file for each channel. This option disables max-file-time and use-strftime, and ignores SIGUSR1. The stereo VU meter is not available with separate channels.
- -P
- Playback. This is the default if the program is invoked by typing aplay.
- -C
- Record. This is the default if the program is invoked by typing arecord.
- -i, --interactive
- Allow interactive operation via stdin. Currently only pause/resume via space or enter key is implemented.
- --disable-resample
- Disable automatic rate resample.
- --disable-channels
- Disable automatic channel conversions.
- --disable-format
- Disable automatic format conversions.
- --disable-softvol
- Disable software volume control (softvol).
- --test-position
- Test ring buffer position.
- --test-coef=<coef>
- Test coefficient for ring buffer position; default is 8. Expression for validation is: coef * (buffer_size / 2). Minimum value is 1.
- --test-nowait
- Do not wait for the ring buffer--eats the whole CPU.
- --max-file-time
- While recording, when the output file has been accumulating sound for this long, close it and open a new output file. Default is the maximum size supported by the file format: 2 GiB for WAV files. This option has no effect if --separate-channels is specified.
- --process-id-file <file name>
- aplay writes its process ID here, so other programs can send signals to it.
- --use-strftime
-
When recording, interpret %-codes in the file name parameter using
the strftime facility whenever the output file is opened. The
important strftime codes are: %Y is the year, %m month, %d day of
the month, %H hour, %M minute and %S second. In addition, %v is
the file number, starting at 1. When this option is specified,
intermediate directories for the output file are created automatically.
This option has no effect if --separate-channels is specified.
SIGNALS
When recording, SIGINT, SIGTERM and SIGABRT will close the output file and exit. SIGUSR1 will close the output file, open a new one, and continue recording. However, SIGUSR1 does not work with --separate-channels.EXAMPLES
- aplay -c 1 -t raw -r 22050 -f mu_law foobar
-
will play the raw file "foobar" as a
22050-Hz, mono, 8-bit, Mu-Law .au file.
- arecord -d 10 -f cd -t wav -D copy foobar.wav
-
will record foobar.wav as a 10-second, CD-quality wave file, using the
PCM "copy" (which might be defined in the user's .asoundrc file as:
pcm.copy { type plug slave { pcm hw } route_policy copy }
- arecord -t wav -max-file_time 30 mon.wav
-
Record from the default audio source in monaural, 8,000 samples
per second, 8 bits per sample. Start a new file every
30 seconds. File names are mon-nn.wav, where nn increases
from 01. The file after mon-99.wav is mon-100.wav.
- arecord -f cd -t wav -max-file-time 3600 --use-strftime %Y/%m/%d/listen-%H-%M-%v.wav
-
Record in stereo from the default audio source. Create a new file
every hour. The files are placed in directories based on their start dates
and have names which include their start times and file numbers.
SEE ALSO
alsamixer(1), amixer(1)BUGS
Note that .aiff files are not currently supported.AUTHOR
arecord and aplay are by Jaroslav Kysela<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This document is by Paul Winkler<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Updated for Alsa 0.9 by James Tappin<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:01 GMT, December 24, 2015


Steph McGovern shows off friends' adorable presents for newborn
They're very cute!
by Natasha RiglerFormer BBC Breakfast star Steph McGovern has shown fans the thoughtful presents she has received since the birth of her baby girl.
Steph, 37, is currently on maternity leave from the news programme after giving birth to her daughter at the beginning of November.
Taking to Twitter, the business correspondent has now revealed just some of the cute - and amusing - gifts she has received from her pals and loved ones.
Alongside a photo, Steph tweeted: "My mates + family have really excelled on the slogans/branding for my baby daughter’s clothes.... here are some of my faves @BBCBreakfast @Boro #perfectpresents #luckylittlelady."
Read more: Gogglebox viewers in hysterics as Dave the dog steal the show
One of the baby vests features the BBC Breakfast logo, with the words "Baby correspondent".
Another has a news feed logo, while one other says: "My mam's the business".
Fans have loved Steph's latest update, with one replying: "You’ve got a strong squad there Steph! They’ve nailed it."
Another wrote: "Love them, especially the BBC Breakfast."
Read more: Kate Garraway's kids reveal their mum's 'noo-noo' comment made them cringe
Steph welcomed her daughter with her TV executive girlfriend on November 4th.
Announcing their happy news a few days later, Steph said: "Well hello world, just surfaced to let you know that we now have a daughter!
"Born on Monday morning just as @BBCBreakfast was wrapping up. We’re all fine and dandy. Just getting used to the eau de sick/poo I am now regularly wearing. #babylife."
Although she is currently on maternity leave from BBC Breakfast, Steph won't be returning to the morning show once it has finished.
Instead, she is moving to Channel 4 to host her own daily programme called The Steph Show, which will be a mix of entertainment, lifestyle and current affairs.
The show is set to launch in Spring 2020 and - before she gave birth - Steph told the BBC: "This is a dream come true for me and I can't wait to get started next year. Just a small matter of having a baby first!"
Head to our Facebook page @EntertainmentDailyFix and let us know what you think of our story.


Award: $25,000
Applicant must be of Italian heritage and be a full-time student attending or planning on attending an accredited four-year institution who has demonstrated exceptional leadership qualities and a distinguished level of scholastic achievement. Recipients will be officially recognized in May at the SIF's National Education & Leadership Awards (NELA) Gala in Washington, DC. Monetary awards are presented directly to students' academic institutions in accordance with eligibility requirements.


Date:{{event.date}}
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Custom PC #1
A custom built desktop computer assembled by me in March 2014. This was the first computer that I built myself.
Custom PC #2
A custom built desktop computer assembled in by me May 2015. This computer was built for a family member who needed a smaller form factor.
Custom PC #3
A custom built desktop computer assembled by me in July 2015. This computer was built for a friend upgrading from his Windows XP desktop.
Custom PC#4
A custom built desktop computer assembled by me in August 2015. This computer was built for another friend who wanted a multimedia/gaming machine.


South Africa's Zozibini Tunzi crowned Miss Universe 2019
by Tamar LapinSouth Africa’s Zozibini Tunzi was crowned Miss Universe 2019 on Sunday night.
The 26-year-old beauty queen beat out 89 other contestants during the pageant held in Atlanta and hosted by Steve Harvey.
STEVE HARVEY ACCUSED OF FLUBBING NAME OF MISS UNIVERSE COSTUME CONTEST WINNER
Her Miss Universe biography describes her as a “passionate activist” who is “engaged in the fight against gender based violence.”
“She has devoted her social media campaign to changing the narrative around gender stereotypes. She is a proud advocate for natural beauty and encourages women to love themselves the way they are,” the bio says.
Miss Puerto Rico Madison Anderson was the first runner up and Miss Mexico Sofia Aragon was the second runner-up.
The final three were asked on-stage: “What is the most important thing you should be teaching young girls today?”
Clad in a striking gold and silver gown, Tunzi answered: “leadership.”
CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP
“It’s something that has been lacking in young girls and women for a very long time … because of what society has labeled women to be,” she said.
“I think we are the most powerful beings in the world, and that we should be given every opportunity, and that is what we should be teaching these young girls, to take up space,” Tunzi continued.
“Nothing is as important as taking up space in the society and cementing yourself.”


Finatra is a Scala service framework built on top of twitter-sever and Finagle.
This template shows the scaffolding for a simple Http server with a single controller. See the Finatra Http overview for more information and examples.
Full documentation available on the Finatra project site.
The build.sbt contains the sbt build configuration; you'll want to edit at least the project name and version.
More examples are available in the Finatra examples source directory on github.


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The margin refers to the space around the element. We can use the margin to adjust our html elements closer to or farther from each other. The border refers to the edge of the element, and it is possible to amke it visible through utilizing the border property. Padding refers to the spacing between the content and the border. It is possible to adjust this value with CSS to move the border closer to or farther from the content.


{% include "nav.html" %}
Last updated: October 10, 2020
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THREE SEASONS (PG). (Dendy Films) Director: Tony Bui Stars: Harvey Keitel, Don Duong, Nguyen Ngoc Hiep, Tran Manh Cuong, Zoe Bui, Nguyen Huu Doc Running time: 109 minutes (Vietnamese, with English subtitles).
This sublime and beautiful looking low budget feature is the first American film to be shot in Vietnam since the end of the war. In his assured first feature, director Tony Bui pays homage to his native country, shaped by massive destruction and upheaval. Even two decades later, the country is still undergoing an enormous period of cultural, social and political change, and trying to come to terms with its legacy.
Born in Vietnam but raised in America, Bui's dual background gives him a rare insight into this sense of uncertainty, of being caught between two cultures. He directs with a sense of compassion and insight, and puts a human face on this tortured country. The movie is filled with a sense of despair and loss, but it also resonates with a spirit of optimism and a very real humanity.
Three Seasons actually consists of three or four tales, all loosely woven together by the subtext of a nation's search for its own identity. The central characters of these stories come to symbolically represent Vietnam's past, present and future.
Kien An (Ngoc Hiep) works on a farm, where she picks lotuses which she sells on the streets of Saigon. She also captures the attention of Dao (Manh Cuong), a reclusive poet who suffers from disfiguring leprosy and has lost his inspiration to write. She soon becomes his muse, and inspires him to write again. Hai (Don Duong) drives his cyclo through Saigon, and falls in love with Lan (Zoe Bui), a prostitute who plies her trade at some of the city's most luxurious hotels. Woody (Nguyen Huu Doc) is a young boy who braves even the foulest weather to sell trinkets to tourists at hotels. When his bag goes missing, he suspects an American (Harvey Keitel) of stealing it.
Keitel, who is also credited as one of the executive producers, delivers a more restrained performance than usual as an American who has returned to Saigon to find the daughter he fathered during the war. Apart from Keitel, the cast comprises solely of Vietnamese actors who do not speak English, while the crew is made up of a combination of American and Vietnamese technicians. Lisa Rinzler's gorgeous cinematography creates some exquisite visuals and lyrical images, and deservedly won a prize at this year's Sundance Film Festival. Richard Horowitz's music beautifully complements the evocative visuals, adding to the film's haunting quality.
But, while Three Seasons is visually quite rich, the movie is, at times, a little dull and slow paced, and may not appeal to all tastes.
** greg king http://www.netau.com.au
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UEFA Foundation for Children funds 42 new projects worldwide
The UEFA Foundation for Children is reinforcing its work on behalf of thousands of children across the world.
by , UEFA.comThe foundation’s board of trustees, which met in Nyon last week under the chairmanship of UEFA President Alexander Čeferin, has allocated the body’s 2019/20 budget of over €4.76m to help fund 42 new humanitarian and development projects for children in Europe and other continents.
This strengthens the worldwide presence of the body set up by UEFA in 2015 to help children, through sport and football in particular, by providing backing primarily in the areas of health, education, access to sport, personal development, integration and defending the rights of the child.
The number of projects aided by the UEFA foundation over the past four years has now risen to 245 in 100 countries, with around one million people benefitting from its work. Half of the foundation’s funding is allocated to European projects, with the other half earmarked for projects beyond this continent.
“Our foundation plays an instrumental role in aiding children living in challenging and difficult conditions around the world,” said Mr Čeferin.
“With the help of all the foundation trustees, we will continue to strengthen the foundation’s activities by increasing our efficiency and our positive impact for the benefit of children and their families”.
EURO 2020 projects
The foundation allocated funding for 2019/20 to, among others, projects associated with UEFA EURO 2020, which takes place in 12 European countries next summer to celebrate the tournament’s 60th anniversary.
The board based its choice of new projects according to the following criteria:
- promoting employment through sport, especially football;
- supporting victims of conflict;
- supporting general development programmes through access to sport, in particular football, in the areas of health, education, personal development and the integration of minorities.
“Once again, the number and range of project proposals received by the UEFA foundation – to foster education, development, inclusion and empowerment – proves how much football inspires and offers hope,” said board of trustees member Nathalie Iannetta.
“Football brings us together”
The foundation’s work knows no borders – it extends across Europe and to the far corners of the world, where targeted projects may best be used to fulfil UEFA's mission on behalf of children.
The 42 new projects for 2019/20, the foundation said, had been selected on the basis of “the demands and realities of the world around us.”
“The foundation is proud to support these associations,” said Nathalie Iannetta, “and to see how much the beautiful game brings us together, carries us, saves us sometimes and, above all, unites us, ever expanding our horizons.”
“We believe in the brilliant potential of every child”
Find out more about the UEFA Foundation for Children and its work


New Born Ghanians are Named Based on the fateful day of the week.
A Princess Born on Saturday is Named Ama
Can You Guess Yours? Enter Your Birthday Details on the Right.


Colophon
Blag uses Django in the backend, and Bootstrap, CSS, and HTML in the frontend. The database used during development was Sqlite3. All posts are written in Markdown, giving the author the power and flexibility to format their posts as they wish.
Oh, and the name 'Blag' is inspired by xkcd.
The [magic] markdown extension is written in Python.
All our code is available in the public domain on GitHub. Yay for open source!


This example shows creating a basic Express site.
Install Express globally via npm
npm install -g express
Express can generate a site structure for you
express express_example
Install dependencies with
npm install
node app.js
Then open your browser at http://<IP_ADDRESS>:3000


stream ( ) {
Close the response with a Stream
that will be piped to the client.
Rejects any other content added to the reply and prevents any more content from being added.
Close the response with a Stream
that will be piped to the client.
Rejects any other content added to the reply and prevents any more content from being added.


One of the features of the Plot class is that the data can show upper and lower error bars. An example is below.
Error bars can be specified from within the data file or by calling Java methods. The error bars above are specified in the data file with a 4 number line:
x,y,ylow,yhighThe numbers can be separated by white space or commas. This is the "old syntax," but the PlotML syntax also supports error bars. A point with error bars is given by a element of the following form:
<point x="0.1" y="1.0" lowErrorBar="0.9" highErrorBar="1.1"/>
From within Java, error bars can be added by calling the addPointWithErrorBars() method in the Plot class.


Ciryon [ad0r], city, in Dragonback Mountains [ad33], in Oleg's Folly
Last updated Turn #148
Ciryon [ad0r], city, in Dragonback Mountains [ad33], in Oleg's Folly
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0: Olegina [o1y] recruited 30 peasants.
1: Olegina [o1y] bought two iron [79] from Ciryon [ad0r] for 52 gold.
1: Paid a market tax of 13 gold to Ciryon [ad0r].
1: Olegina [o1y] recruited one peasant.
2: Olegina [o1y], Pen, with 54 peasants, exited Ciryon [ad0r].


| Meatup | Date |
|---|---|
|
Yes: 0 Maybe: 0 No Response:
No: 0
|
|
| Jamie Lynn's 3rd annual ox-travaganza
Yes: 15 Maybe: 3 No Response: 8
No: 2
|
today |
| A Fowl Occasion
Yes: 4 Maybe: 0 No Response: 21
No: 134
|
tomorrow |
| Moo-ving out sale
Yes: 15 Maybe: 3 No Response: 8
No: 2
|
Sept. 18 |


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Wonder Women
22 Jun 2017
Captain America
22 Jun 2017
City Truck
22 Jun 2017
Dark Night - 2
22 Jun 2017
Devine Girl
22 Jun 2017
National Heroes
22 Jun 2017
Fringht Night
22 Jun 2017
BasketBall
22 Jun 2017
Heroes - 2
22 Jun 2017
Dark Power
22 Jun 2017
The Advanture
22 Jun 2017
Ghost in London
22 Jun 2017


{% extends "withnav_template.html" %} {% from "components/page-header.html" import page_header %} {% from "components/page-footer.html" import page_footer %} {% from "components/form.html" import form_wrapper %} {% from "govuk_frontend_jinja/components/back-link/macro.html" import govukBackLink %} {% set heading = 'Change your service name' %} {% block service_page_title %} {{ heading }} {% endblock %} {% block backLink %} {{ govukBackLink({ "href": url_for('main.service_settings', service_id=current_service.id) }) }} {% endblock %} {% block maincolumn_content %} {{ page_header(heading) }}
This is the name your emails will come from.
You can also display it at the start of every text message you send.
{% if organisation_type == 'central' or organisation_type == 'local' %}Your service name should tell the recipient what your message is about, as well as who it’s from. For example:
Your service name should tell the recipient what your message is about, as well as who it’s from.
{% endif %}Do not use an acronym or initialism unless your users are already familiar with it.
{% call form_wrapper() %} {{ form.name }} {{ page_footer('Save') }} {% endcall %} {% endblock %}


@* * Copyright 2010-2014 Artima, Inc. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import controllers.Application.scaladocsPageUrl @import controllers.Application.milestoneScaladoc @combinedReleaseNotesPage("Scalactic/ScalaTest 2.2.4 Release Notes") {
ScalaTest/Scalactic 2.2.4 includes the enhancements listed below. No source code using ScalaTest/ScalaUtils 2.0 or higher should break, but from any version other than 2.2.0, 2.2.1, or 2.2.4 (with which this release is binary compatible), you will likely need to do a clean build to upgrade.
For information on how to include ScalaTest in your project, see the download page. For information on how to use Scalactic in your production code, see its download page.
Note: a 2.2.3 release was deployed, but the bug fix it was supposed to include was accidentally left out. Thus 2.2.3 contained no difference from 2.2.2.
Chain
type that represents a non-empty List
, as well as an End
object
that can serve as a starting point for expressions like 1 :: 2 :: 3 :: End
.
from
method to Or
's companion object that takes an
Option
of the Good
type and a by-name of the Bad
type.
OptionSugar
trait that provides an implicit conversion that adds a toOr
method
to Option
that takes a by-name of the Bad
type. toOr
will convert a
Some
to a Good
and None
to the given Bad
value.
TrySugar
trait that provides an implicit conversion that adds a toOr
method
to Try
. toOr
will convert a
Success
to a Good
and a Failure
to a Bad
.
Visit ScalaTest Release Notes for links to the release notes of all previous versions, or step back in time by visiting the release notes for the previous version.


Table of Contents
Estimation
Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE)
- Maximum Likelihood Estimation:
Likelihood in Parametric Models:Suppose we have a parametric model \(\{p(y ; \theta) \vert \theta \in \Theta\}\) and a sample \(D=\left\{y_{1}, \ldots, y_{n}\right\}\):
- The likelihood of parameter estimate \(\hat{\theta} \in \Theta\) for sample \(\mathcal{D}\) is:
$$p(\mathcal{D} ; \hat{\theta})=\prod_{i=1}^{n} p\left(y_{i} ; \hat{\theta}\right)$$
- In practice, we prefer to work with the log-likelihood. Same maximum but
$$\log p(\mathcal{D} ; \hat{\theta})=\sum_{i=1}^{n} \log p\left(y_{i} ; \theta\right)$$
and sums are easier to work with than products.
Likelihood is the probability of the data given the parameters of the model
MLE for Parametric Models:
The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for \(\theta\) in the (parametric) model \(\{p(y, \theta) \vert \theta \in \Theta\}\) is:
$$\begin{aligned} \hat{\theta} &=\underset{\theta \in \Theta}{\arg \max } \log p(\mathcal{D}, \hat{\theta}) \\ &=\underset{\theta \in \Theta}{\arg \max } \sum_{i=1}^{n} \log p\left(y_{i} ; \theta\right) \end{aligned}$$
You are finding the value of the parameter \(\theta\) that, if used (in the model) to generate the probability of the data, would make the data most “likely” to occur.
- MLE Intuition:
If I choose a hypothesis \(h\) underwhich the observed data is very plausible then the hypothesis is very likely. - Maximum Likelihood as Empirical Risk Minimization
- Finding the MLE is an optimization problem.
- For some model families, calculus gives a closed form for the MLE
- Can also use numerical methods we know (e.g. SGD)
Notes:
- Why maximize the natural log of the likelihood?
-
- Numerical Stability: change products to sums
- The logarithm of a member of the family of exponential probability distributions (which includes the ubiquitous normal) is polynomial in the parameters (i.e. max-likelihood reduces to least-squares for normal distributions)
\(\log\left(\exp\left(-\frac{1}{2}x^2\right)\right) = -\frac{1}{2}x^2\) - The latter form is both more numerically stable and symbolically easier to differentiate than the former. It increases the dynamic range of the optimization algorithm (allowing it to work with extremely large or small values in the same way).
- The logarithm is a monotonic transformation that preserves the locations of the extrema (in particular, the estimated parameters in max-likelihood are identical for the original and the log-transformed formulation)
- Gradient methods generally work better optimizing \(log_p(x)\) than \(p(x)\) because the gradient of \(log_p(x)\) is generally more well-scaled. link Justification: the gradient of the original term will include a \(e^{\vec{x}}\) multiplicative term that scales very quickly one way or another, requiring the step-size to equally scale/stretch in the opposite direction.
-
- The likelihood of parameter estimate \(\hat{\theta} \in \Theta\) for sample \(\mathcal{D}\) is:


Digital Humanities Workshops
Since the Spring 2018 semester I have served as the Digital Humanities Graduate Specialist for Rutgers Libraries. Over this time I’ve developed a number of workshops, from basic tutorials on using software popular among digital humanists (Gephi, Paladio, Tropy, etc.) to introductory and intermediate lessons on R programming in the humanities. The links each lead to a GitHub repository page, where you can find all the materials – code, sample data, and step-by-step instructions – for running the workshops on your own.
Workshops in R
What Can Be Data in the Humanities? This workshop helps participants translate humanities materials into usable data formats. It provides a gentle introduction to programming, surveys examples of effective data-driven scholarship, and discusses some costs and benefits of translating into data.
 Nice work! Not sure what to do next? This introductory workshop on data organization, manipulation, and analysis teaches participants how to engage with broader patterns or systems of relation in their research.
Intro to Quantitative Text Analysis This workshop introduces participants to the basics of quantitative textual analysis in the R programming language. Participants will explore a single book through a variety of approaches, including word co-appearance, character distribution, and sentiment analysis.
Webscraping Techniques in R Ever-more information can be accessed online, but often there is no easy way to obtain it for further analysis. This workshop introduces web scraping, a technique for extracting data and data structures from public websites. Using browsers and the R programming language, it also demonstrates strategies for handling different kinds of websites.
Text Mining Approaches with Historical Newspapers These materials form a robust, two-part workshop on text analysis of Chronicling America newspapers in R. The first part introduces strategies for fuzzy string matching, using the OCR-derived text from the Perth Amboy Evening News; you’ll need to download data from Chronicling America first as directed. The second part begins with the results of the previous and explores a few possible methods for analyzing phrase use over time, page location, collocate words, and uniqueness.
Workshops with Other Tools
Network Analysis in Gephi Network analysis is one of the most popular approaches in the digital humanities because it allows us to model relations–between individuals, texts, locations, and more. These slides and sample data introduce the central concepts of network analysis before explaining how to use Gephi, one of the most popular programs for analyzing and visualizing networks.
Intro to Mapping What kind of information should be mapped? Which tool is best for the job? These slides include a primer on how to identify what kind of data is necessary or amenable to mapping, an evaluative survey of several mapping tools, and extended tutorials of StoryMapJS and Palladio.
Collecting Twitter Data with TAGS This tutorial explains how to obtain data from Twitter via the TAGS tool for Google Sheets while addressing some of the conceptual uses and practical limitations of working with social media data.
High Performance Computing for Humanists at Rutgers Sometimes humanist research can outstrip the resources of personal computers, whether because of the size of the data or the complexity of the operations in question. This tutorial explains how Rutgers affiliates can tackle such cases by utilizing Amarel, the Rutgers Office of Advanced Research Computing high performance computing environment, from their own computer.
Hugo and GitHub Pages Tutorial Personal and project websites can be effective vehicles for sharing work. This tutorial introduces Hugo, an open-source static site generator for building websites locally by editing themes and adding original content. It also covers how to deploy the result with free hosting on GitHub Pages and how to add other features like custom domain names or analytics. Accessible overviews of HTML, Git, and the command line are included on an as-needed basis too.


Struct Vector2F
A structure encapsulating two single precision floating point values.
Inherited Members
Namespace: MathStructs
Assembly: MathStructs.dll
Syntax
public struct Vector2F : IEquatable<Vector2F>, IFormattable
Remarks
Less precise than Vector2D but faster.
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceVector2F(Single)
Constructs a vector whose elements are all the single specified value.
Declaration
public Vector2F(float value)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Single | value | The element to fill the vector with. |
Vector2F(Single, Single)
Constructs a vector with the given individual elements.
Declaration
public Vector2F(float x, float y)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Single | x | X component. |
| System.Single | y | Y component. |
Fields
| Improve this Doc View SourceX
The X component of the vector.
Declaration
public float X
Field Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Y
The Y component of the vector.
Declaration
public float Y
Field Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceOne
Returns the vector < 1, 1 >.
Declaration
public static Vector2F One { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
UnitX
Returns the vector < 1, 0 >.
Declaration
public static Vector2F UnitX { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
UnitY
Returns the vector < 0, 1 >.
Declaration
public static Vector2F UnitY { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Zero
Returns the vector < 0, 0 >.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Zero { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Methods
| Improve this Doc View SourceAbs()
Returns a vector whose elements are the absolute values of each of this vector's elements.
Declaration
public Vector2F Abs()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Abs(Vector2F)
Returns a vector whose elements are the absolute values of each of the source vector's elements.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Abs(Vector2F value)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | value | The source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Add(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Adds two vectors together.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Add(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Clamp(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Restricts a copy of this vector between a min and max value.
Declaration
public Vector2F Clamp(Vector2F min, Vector2F max)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | min | The minimum value. |
| Vector2F | max | The maximum value. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Clamp(Vector2F, Vector2F, Vector2F)
Restricts a vector between a min and max value.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Clamp(Vector2F value, Vector2F min, Vector2F max)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | value | The source vector. |
| Vector2F | min | The minimum value. |
| Vector2F | max | The maximum value. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
CopyTo(Single[])
Copies the contents of the vector into the given array.
Declaration
public void CopyTo(float[] array)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Single[] | array |
CopyTo(Single[], Int32)
Copies the contents of the vector into the given array, starting from index.
Declaration
public void CopyTo(float[] array, int index)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Single[] | array | |
| System.Int32 | index |
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.RankException | If array is multidimensional. |
| System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException | If index is greater than end of the array or index is less than zero. |
| System.ArgumentException | If number of elements in source vector is greater than those available in destination array. |
Deconstruct(out Single, out Single)
Deconstructs this vector into its System.Single components.
Declaration
public void Deconstruct(out float x, out float y)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Single | x | The X of this vector. |
| System.Single | y | The Y of this vector. |
Distance(Vector2F)
Returns the Euclidean distance between this point and the given point.
Declaration
public float Distance(Vector2F value)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | value | The other point. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Remarks
More expensive than DistanceSquared(Vector2F) if you need the squared distance.
Distance(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Returns the Euclidean distance between the two given points.
Declaration
public static float Distance(Vector2F vector1, Vector2F vector2)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | vector1 | The first point. |
| Vector2F | vector2 | The second point. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Remarks
More expensive than DistanceSquared(Vector2F, Vector2F) if you need the squared distance.
DistanceSquared(Vector2F)
Returns the Euclidean distance squared between this point and the given point.
Declaration
public float DistanceSquared(Vector2F value)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | value | The other point. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Remarks
Less expensive than Distance(Vector2F) if you need the squared distance.
DistanceSquared(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Returns the Euclidean distance squared between the two given points.
Declaration
public static float DistanceSquared(Vector2F vector1, Vector2F vector2)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | vector1 | The first point. |
| Vector2F | vector2 | The second point. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Remarks
Less expensive than Distance(Vector2F, Vector2F) if you need the squared distance.
Divide(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Divides the first vector by the second.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Divide(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Divide(Vector2F, Single)
Divides the vector by the given scalar.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Divide(Vector2F left, float right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The source vector. |
| System.Single | right | The scalar value. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Dot(Vector2F)
Returns the dot product of this instance and the given vector.
Declaration
public float Dot(Vector2F vector)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | vector | The other vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Remarks
The dot product of two vectors is the sum of the products of each of the pairs of elements from two vectors
Dot(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Returns the dot product of two vectors.
Declaration
public static float Dot(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Remarks
The dot product of two vectors is the sum of the products of each of the pairs of elements from two vectors
Equals(Vector2F)
Declaration
public bool Equals(Vector2F other)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | other | The Vector2F to compare this instance to. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if the other Vector2F is equal to this instance; False otherwise. |
Equals(Vector2F, Single)
Returns a boolean indicating whether the given Vector4D is equal to this Vector2F instance ± delta.
Declaration
public bool Equals(Vector2F other, float delta)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | other | The Vector2F to compare this instance to. |
| System.Single | delta | The allowable margin of error to determine equality for each element pair between the vectors. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if the other Vector2F is equal to this instance ± delta; False otherwise. |
Equals(Object)
Returns a boolean indicating whether the given Object is equal to this Vector2F instance.
Declaration
public override bool Equals(object obj)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Object | obj | The Object to compare against. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if the Object is equal to this Vector2F; False otherwise. |
Overrides
GetHashCode()
Returns the hash code for this instance.
Declaration
public override int GetHashCode()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Int32 |
Overrides
Length()
Returns the length of the vector.
Declaration
public float Length()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Remarks
LengthSquared() is cheaper to use if you need the squared length.
LengthSquared()
Returns the length of the vector squared.
Declaration
public float LengthSquared()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Remarks
This operation is cheaper than Length() if you need the squared length.
Lerp(Vector2F, Vector2F, Single)
Linearly interpolates between two vectors based on the given weighting.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Lerp(Vector2F bounds1, Vector2F bounds2, float amount)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | bounds1 | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | bounds2 | The second source vector. |
| System.Single | amount | Value between 0 and 1 indicating the weight of the second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Max(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Returns a vector whose elements are the maximum of each of the pairs of elements in the two source vectors.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Max(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Min(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Returns a vector whose elements are the minimum of each of the pairs of elements in the two source vectors.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Min(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Multiply(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Multiplies two vectors together.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Multiply(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Multiply(Vector2F, Single)
Multiplies a vector by the given scalar.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Multiply(Vector2F left, float right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The source vector. |
| System.Single | right | The scalar value. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Multiply(Single, Vector2F)
Multiplies a vector by the given scalar.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Multiply(float left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Single | left | The scalar value. |
| Vector2F | right | The source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Negate(Vector2F)
Negates a given vector.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Negate(Vector2F value)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | value | The source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Normalize()
Returns a vector with the same direction as this vector, but with a length of 1.
Declaration
public Vector2F Normalize()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Normalize(Vector2F)
Returns a vector with the same direction as the given vector, but with a length of 1.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Normalize(Vector2F vector)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | vector | The vector to normalize. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Reflect(Vector2F)
Returns the reflection of this vector off a surface that has the specified normal.
Declaration
public Vector2F Reflect(Vector2F normal)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | normal | The normal of the surface being reflected off. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Reflect(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Returns the reflection of a vector off a surface that has the specified normal.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Reflect(Vector2F vector, Vector2F normal)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | vector | The source vector. |
| Vector2F | normal | The normal of the surface being reflected off. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
SquareRoot()
Returns a vector whose elements are the square root of each of this vector's elements.
Declaration
public Vector2F SquareRoot()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
SquareRoot(Vector2F)
Returns a vector whose elements are the square root of each of the source vector's elements.
Declaration
public static Vector2F SquareRoot(Vector2F value)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | value | The source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Subtract(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Subtracts the second vector from the first.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Subtract(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
ToString()
Returns a String representing this Vector2F instance.
Declaration
public override string ToString()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
Overrides
ToString(String)
Returns a String representing this Vector2F instance, using the specified format to format individual elements.
Declaration
public string ToString(string format)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.String | format | The format of individual elements. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
ToString(String, IFormatProvider)
Returns a String representing this Vector2F instance, using the specified format to format individual elements and the given System.IFormatProvider.
Declaration
public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider formatProvider)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.String | format | The format of individual elements. |
| System.IFormatProvider | formatProvider | The format provider to use when formatting elements. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
Transform(Matrix4x4F)
Transforms a copy of this vector by the given matrix.
Declaration
public Vector2F Transform(Matrix4x4F matrix)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Matrix4x4F | matrix | The transformation matrix. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Transform(QuaternionF)
Transforms a copy of this vector by the given QuaternionF rotation value.
Declaration
public Vector2F Transform(QuaternionF rotation)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| QuaternionF | rotation | The rotation to apply. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Transform(Vector2F, Matrix4x4F)
Transforms a vector by the given matrix.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Transform(Vector2F vector, Matrix4x4F matrix)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | vector | The source vector. |
| Matrix4x4F | matrix | The transformation matrix. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Transform(Vector2F, QuaternionF)
Transforms a vector by the given QuaternionF rotation value.
Declaration
public static Vector2F Transform(Vector2F value, QuaternionF rotation)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | value | The source vector to be rotated. |
| QuaternionF | rotation | The rotation to apply. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
TransformNormal(Matrix4x4F)
Transforms this vector normal by the given 4x4 matrix.
Declaration
public Vector2F TransformNormal(Matrix4x4F matrix)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Matrix4x4F | matrix | The matrix. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
TransformNormal(Vector2F, Matrix4x4F)
Transforms a vector normal by the given 4x4 matrix.
Declaration
public static Vector2F TransformNormal(Vector2F normal, Matrix4x4F matrix)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | normal | The source vector. |
| Matrix4x4F | matrix | The matrix. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
TransformV4(Matrix4x4F)
Transforms this vector by the given matrix and returns a Vector4F.
Declaration
public Vector4F TransformV4(Matrix4x4F matrix)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Matrix4x4F | matrix | The transformation matrix. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector4F |
TransformV4(QuaternionF)
Transforms this vector by the given QuaternionF rotation value and returns a Vector4F.
Declaration
public Vector4F TransformV4(QuaternionF rotation)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| QuaternionF | rotation | The rotation to apply. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector4F |
With(Nullable<Single>, Nullable<Single>)
Record-like langword_csharp_with-style constructor
Declaration
public Vector2F With(float? x = default(float? ), float? y = default(float? ))
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Nullable<System.Single> | x | |
| System.Nullable<System.Single> | y |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Operators
| Improve this Doc View SourceAddition(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Adds two vectors together.
Declaration
public static Vector2F operator +(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Division(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Divides the first vector by the second.
Declaration
public static Vector2F operator /(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Division(Vector2F, Single)
Divides the vector by the given scalar.
Declaration
public static Vector2F operator /(Vector2F left, float right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The source vector. |
| System.Single | right | The scalar value. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Equality(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Returns a boolean indicating whether the two given vectors are equal.
Declaration
public static bool operator ==(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first vector to compare. |
| Vector2F | right | The second vector to compare. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if the vectors are equal; False otherwise. |
Inequality(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Returns a boolean indicating whether the two given vectors are not equal.
Declaration
public static bool operator !=(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first vector to compare. |
| Vector2F | right | The second vector to compare. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if the vectors are not equal; False if they are equal. |
Multiply(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Multiplies two vectors together.
Declaration
public static Vector2F operator *(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Multiply(Vector2F, Single)
Multiplies a vector by the given scalar.
Declaration
public static Vector2F operator *(Vector2F left, float right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The source vector. |
| System.Single | right | The scalar value. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Multiply(Single, Vector2F)
Multiplies a vector by the given scalar.
Declaration
public static Vector2F operator *(float left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Single | left | The scalar value. |
| Vector2F | right | The source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
Subtraction(Vector2F, Vector2F)
Subtracts the second vector from the first.
Declaration
public static Vector2F operator -(Vector2F left, Vector2F right)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | left | The first source vector. |
| Vector2F | right | The second source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
UnaryNegation(Vector2F)
Negates a given vector.
Declaration
public static Vector2F operator -(Vector2F value)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | value | The source vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |
UnaryPlus(Vector2F)
Returns the unary plus of the provided vector (nop).
Declaration
public static Vector2F operator +(Vector2F value)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector2F | value |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector2F |


<abstract> new Platform()
Base class for platform specific capabilities.
Base class for platform specific capabilities. Users may derive to provide implementations specific to their platform.
- Source:
Methods
-
cacheCredentials(username, password)
Implementors can override this function to cache user credentials for offline login.
-
Implementors can override this function to cache user credentials for offline login. The default implementation is a no-op.
Parameters:
Name Type Description username
String The user name. password
String The password. - Source:
-
getDeviceId()
Returns a device ID used by Diagnostics.
-
Returns a device ID used by Diagnostics.
- Source:
Returns:
The device ID.- Type
- String
-
getDeviceInformation()
Returns an object with device information used by Analytics.
-
Returns an object with device information used by Analytics
- Source:
Returns:
The device specific information. -
getGPSLocation()
Returns an object that has the current GPS location of the device or null.
-
Returns an object that has the current GPS location of the device or null.
- Source:
Returns:
The GPS location is available.- Type
- Platform~GPSLocation
-
<abstract> invokeService(request)
Performs an HTTP request.
-
Performs an HTTP request.
Parameters:
Name Type Description request
Object The format of the request parameter is identical to the settings parameter in JQuery's ajax method, however, only the method, url, headers ,data, success and error properties are used. - Source:
-
setDeviceState(state)
Sets the current state of the device.
-
Sets the current state of the device. Platform implementations should call this function when the state changes. The state is inspected before background operations like synchronization are performed.
Parameters:
Name Type Description state
mcs.DeviceState The new state of the device. - Source:
-
validateCachedCredentials(username, password)
Implementors can override this function to allow offline login.
-
Implementors can override this function to allow offline login. [cacheCredentials()]{Platform#cacheCredentials} should also be overridden to cache the credentials. The default implementation returns false.
Parameters:
Name Type Description username
String The user name. password
String The password. - Source:
Returns:
True if the username and password are valid, false otherwise.- Type
- Boolean
Type Definitions
-
DeviceInformation
Class that provides information about the device.
-
Class that provides information about the device.
Type:
- Object
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description model
String The device's model. manufacturer
String The device's manufacturer. osName
String The operating system. osVersion
String The operating system's version. osBuild
String The operating system's build number. carrier
String The device's wireless carrier. -
GPSLocation
Class that provides the current GPS location of the device.
-
Class that provides the current GPS location of the device.
Type:
- Object
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description latitude
String The device's current latitude. longitude
String The device's current longitude.


Docker Images tracking the stable Galaxy releases
Table of content
The Galaxy Admin User has the username<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and the password admin
.
The PostgreSQL username is galaxy
, the password is galaxy
and the database name is galaxy
(I know I was really creative ;)).
If you want to create new users, please make sure to use the /export/
volume. Otherwise your user will be removed after your docker session is finished.
The proftpd server is configured to use the main galaxy PostgreSQL user to access the database and select the username and password. If you want to run the
docker container in production, please do not forget to change the user credentials in /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
too.
The Galaxy Report Webapp is htpasswd
protected with username and password st to admin
.


52; 12022 H.E.
One time I heard someone describe FLCL as a fever dream of an anime. I think this reaction is justified, yet it doesn’t do it the complete honor it deserves. FLCL is the most unique and thrilling anime I have ever seen. Not only by its animation style choice, not only by its plot, not only by the ideas it’s evoking, but with the combination of everything listed and more, it creates something truly extraordinary.
My close friends know that I have a weak spot for GAINAX and TRIGGER works, especially anything that Hiroyuki Imaishi touches. This one is no exception. It’s a bit of an old show, the same year I was born, the wild 2000. It’s freely accessible on youtube. There are only six 20-minute-long episodes, so it would be blasphemous of you not to watch them. This post will be a little different because the show is so short yet incredibly dense; I’ll be making quick comments on my favorite parts and linking other essays that will better explain the core of Fooly Cooly.
FLCL is furiously fast-paced, unapologetic in what it is trying to do, and most of all, it is also highly experimental. Everything from the art style, and creative design choices, to voice acting and character-building is something you would not witness anywhere else, not even close. FLCL is accompanied by fabulous The Pillows, whose songs go so hard that it almost feels like they came from outer space. Please give the one below a good listen.
Have you ever seen a scene animated as if it were a manga? I’m not talking about Yakuza Turned Housewife, a PowerPoint with voice-over. I’m talking about a fully dynamic scene where the camera actively pans from one part of the manga page to another. The manga itself is animated and truly brought to life. It takes creativity and courage to show such a scene to your audience.
This is the best I can put when typing this late at night, just because I felt I had to write about it. Inexplicably, no matter how crazy the plot is, how little we know about anything that’s happening in front of our eyes, or how more and more surreal the feelings get, FLCL accomplishes brilliantly at reducing the emotional friction between you and the show’s atmosphere to something very close to nil. It absorbs you into its world and commitment to its belief while keeping you energetically warm and excited for what comes next.
Fooly Cooly is a coming-of-age story.  You may consider all the characters as little kids who can’t show you anything worthy of your attention, which would be your first mistake and prove that the above claim doesn’t hold.
If someone tells me Mamimi is their favorite character, or any character from FLCL at that point, I would immediately know they do be real for that. There is something so genuine about our characters’ problems, desires, and conflicts, such that it may seem all too boring or naive for a regular modern viewer. I would dare to say that people making those claims lack a soul’s subtlety and emotional harmony to notice thin yet thrilling currents flowing in and out.
Hiding in Public has produced one of the platform’s best anime video essays I have ever seen. Highly recommend watching his The Lie of Relationships in FLCL, and They’re Fake. It goes over some of the main topics very well, to the point that I would instead not paraphrase his thoughts into my own; better watch and enjoy the source. Thank you for keeping up with me on this absurd post I wrote while falling asleep. I wish people could enjoy FLCL for what it is, embrace all the drugs it’s on, and truly become a Fooly Cooly connoisseur.
Fun fact: I went to an anime con and got Kari Wahlgren’s autograph! (She is the legendary Haruko Haruhara’s English VA!) ◼


Ssl cert now from let's encrypt
Startet requiring ssl, certificate will arrive soon...
Happy birthday Alexandra
Happy birthday Sadario
Fixed links after moving brew.html to /Brew
Added link to erikwold.no
All pages under /Hockey has been prioritized due too sponsorship applyment, so if potential sponsors wants to visit the webpage for the
hockeygroup all should be fine on that end.
All pages updated and dropdown menus added. Site is now using css positioning istead of html tables, easier to manage and prettier code.


|
1.1 Location : readAll Killed by : se.lnu.http.HTTPReaderTest.testReadBody(se.lnu.http.HTTPReaderTest) negated conditional → KILLED 2.2 Location : readAll Killed by : se.lnu.http.HTTPReaderTest.testReadBody(se.lnu.http.HTTPReaderTest) negated conditional → KILLED 3.3 Location : readAll Killed by : se.lnu.http.HTTPReaderTest.testReadBody(se.lnu.http.HTTPReaderTest) negated conditional → KILLED
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YOU'VE GOT MAIL 1998 A film review by Timothy Voon Copyright 1998 Timothy Voon 3 out of 4 for Meg at her very best
Starring: Tom Hanks, Meg Ryan, Greg Kinnear, Parker Posey, Dave Chappelle, Jean Stapleton, Steve Zahn, Dabney Coleman. Screenplay: Nora Ephron and Delia Ephron. Producers: Lauren Shuler Donner and Nora Ephron. Director: Nora Ephron.
In the romantic, feel-good comedy of the year we once again have the successful pairing of Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks. This movie belongs to Ryan, who is at her best - you won't see her smile or gesture more, carrying with her an innate radiance that simply lights up the screen. She has truly reached her prime, a remarkable, natural comedienne of our time, who carries a unique, magical quality that will be remembered many years from now. With Nora and Delia Ephron combining to write a post-modern, romantic comedy that is well written, humorous and above all intelligent, this story will bring cheer to everyone during the holiday season. The story is about love on the Internet and love in real life. Ryan and Hank's characters are soul mates by Net (known only to each other by the pseudonyms ‘Shopgirl' and ‘NY152') and fierce competitors by day. The dilemma lies in the fact that they despise each other in real life – Hank's owns a megasize, chain of bookstores that is killing Ryan's self-run, children's bookstore. The question posed to the viewer is whether you can end up loving someone that you started out hating. With frequent references to Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, the answer is yes – the prejudiced Ms Bennet, does end up falling for the proud Mr Darcy. But the answer is not so simple in this movie – not only do we have computers, cyber-relationships and books to complicate the matter, it is the fine tuning of wit, humour and circumstance, intricately crafted by two sisters, that brings this difficult situation to a believable, well-timed, lyrical ending.
Timothy Voon e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Movie Archives http://us.imdb.com/M/reviews_by?Tim+Voon Movies In Melbourne http://www.labyrinth.net.au/~pfowler/week/movies.html
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


MSV implements JARV interface, which allows you to easily use MSV in whatever way you like. JARV is an implementation-independent interface set developed by the RELAX community and there are several implementations available that supports this interface, including MSV
Although it came from the RELAX community, JARV is not limited to RELAX; it can be used with any schema language that MSV supports. For information about JARV, see http://iso-relax.sourceforge.net/.
JARV consists of three components. VerifierFactory
, Schema
and Verifier
.
The VerifierFactory
interface is the main interface between the implementation and your application. It has a method to compile a schema into a Schema
object.
The Schema
interface is the internal representation of the schema. This interface is thread-safe, so you can have multiple threads access one Schema
object concurrently. Also, this interface has a method to create a new Verifier
object.
The Verifier
interface represents a so-called "validator"; it has a schema object in it and it validates documents by using that schema.
VerifierFactory
The first thing you would do is to create an instance of VerifierFactory
. To do that, simply create an instance of TheFactoryImpl
:
VerifierFactory factory = new com.sun.msv.verifier.jarv.TheFactoryImpl();
JARV is also capable of finding an implementation that supports a particular schema language at run-time. To learn more about this discovery mechanism, please read this.
Once you get a factory, then you can use it to compile a schema. To compile a schema, call the compileSchema
method of the factory.
Schema schema = factory.compileSchema("http://www.example.org/test.xsd");
This method can accept many types of input. For example, you can pass InputSource
, File
, InputStream
, etc.
Schema
objects are thread-safe. So even if you have more than one threads, you only need one instance of Schema
; you can share that one instance with as many threads as you want.
Schema
is just a compiled schema, so it cannot do anything by itself. Verifier
object is the object that performs the actual validation. To create a Verifier
object, do as follows:
Verifier verifier = schema.newVerifier();
In this way, you can create a Verifier that checks documents against a particular schema.
Verifier is not thread-safe. So typically you want to create one instance per one validation (or one thread.)
Verifier has several methods to validate documents. One way is to call the verify
method, which accepts a DOM tree, File
, URL, etc and returns the validity. For example, to validate a DOM document, simply pass it as an argument:
if(verifier.verify(domDocument)) // the document is valid else // the document is invalid (wrong)
This method will only give you yes/no answer, but you can get more detailed error information by setting an error handler through the setErrorHandler
method.
Just like a parser reports well-formedness errores through org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler
, JARV implementations (like MSV) reports validity errors through the same interface. In this way, you can get the error message, line number that caused the error, etc. For example, in the following code, a custom error handler is set to report error messages to the client.
verifier.setErrorHandler( new MyErrorHandler() ); try { if(verifier.verify(new File("abc.xml"))) // the document is valid else // the execution will never reach here because // if the document is invalid, then an exception should be thrown. } catch( SAXParseException e ) { // if the document is invalid, then the execution will reach here // because we throw an exception for an error. } ... class MyErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler { public void fatalError( SAXParseException e ) throws SAXException { error(e); } public void error( SAXParseException e ) throws SAXException { System.out.println(e); throw e; } public void warning( SAXParseException e ) { // ignore warnings } }
If you throw an exception from the error handler, that exception will not be catched by the verify method. So the validation is effectively aborted there. If you return from the error handler normally, then MSV will try to recover from the error and find as much errors as possible.
Every JARV implementation supports the validation via SAX2 in two ways.
The first one is a validator implemented as ContentHandler
, which can be obtained by calling the getVerifierHandler
method.
This content handler will validate incoming SAX2 events, and you can obtain the validaity through the isValid
method. For example,
XMLReader reader = ... ; // get XML reader from somewhere VerifierHandler handler = verifier.getVerifierHandler(); reader.setContentHandler(handler); reader.parse("http://www.mydomain.com/some/file.xml"); if(handler.isValid()) // the document is correct else // the document is incorrect
The second one is a validator implemented as XMLFilter
, which can be obtained by calling the getVerifierFilter
method.
A verifier implemented as a filter, VerifierFilter
, is particularly useful because you can plug it right in the middle of any SAX event pipeline.
Not only you can validate documents before you process them, you can validate them after your application process them.
In the following example, a verifier filter is used to validate documents before your own handler process it.
VerifierFilter filter = verifier.getVerifierFilter(); // create a new XML reader and setup the pipeline filter.setParent(getNewXMLReader()); filter.setContentHandler( new MyApplicationHandler() ); // parse the document filter.parse("http://www.mydomain.com/some/file.xml"); if(filter.isValid()) // the parsed document was valid else // invalid
SAX-based validation will not make much sense unless you set an error handler, because to know that the document was invalid after you've processed it is too late.
To set an error handler, call the setErrorHandler
method just as you did with the verify
method.
filter = verifier.getXMLFilter(); verifier.setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler()); ... filter.parse(...);
In this way, you can abort the processing by throwing an exception in case of an error. If you are using VerifierFilter
you can also set an error handler by calling the setErrorHandler
method of the VerifierFilter
interface.
MSV always runs in the fail-fast manner. So as long as you set an error handler, it is guaranteed that your application will never see incorrect document at all.
A simple, obvious way to create a VerifierFactory
is to create a new instance of com.sun.msv.verifier.jarv.TheFactoryImpl
.
The advantage of this way is the support of the "multi-schema" capability. The factory will accept any schema written in any of the supported languages. Thus you can instantly change the schema language without changing your code at all
However, there is one problem in this approach. Specifically, it locks you into MSV, so you need to change your code to use other JARV implementations.
For this reason, you may want to "discover" an implementation at run-time by calling the static newInstance
method of the VerifierFactory
class. To do that, you need to pass the name of schema language you want to use. This method will find an implementation that supports a given schema language from the class path and returns its VerifierFactory
.
VerifierFactory factory = VerifierFactory.newInstance( "http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/0,9");
Usually, the namespace URI of the schema language is used as the name. For the complete list, plaese consult the javadoc.
One of the problems of some validators (like DTD validator in Xerces) is that it doesn't work in the fail-fast manner. This problem is unique to SAX.
What is "fail-fast"? A fail-fast validator is a validator that can flag an error as soon as an error is found. A non fail-fast validator may let some part of the wrong document slip in (they will flag an error at the later moment.)
When you are using non fail-fast validator, you need to take extra care to write your code because your code may be exposed to bad documents.
For example, imagine a following simple DTD and a bad document:
<!ELEMENT root (a,b)*> <!ELEMENT a #EMPTY> <!ELEMENT b #EMPTY> <root> <b/> <!-- error --> <b/> </root>
Suprisingly, in a typical non-fail-fast validator, the error will be signaled as late as in the end-element event of the root
element. So you have to make sure that your application behaves gracefully when it sees the wrong 'b
'.
Typically, this robs the merit of the validation because you do the validation to protect your application code from unexpected inputs.
MSV is a fail-fast validator; so it will signal an error at the start-element event of the first 'b
'. This guarantees that the application will never see a wrong document.
Note that some other JARV implementations may be non fail-fast validators.
The VerifierFactory
class has the newVerifier
method as a short-cut. It is a short-cut in the sense that the following two code fragments have exactly the same meaning:
Verifier v = factory.compileSchema(x).newVerifier(); Verifier v = factory.newVerifier(x);
This is sometimes useful when you are using only one thread.
The VerifierFactory
interface is not thread-safe. This basically means that you cannot use one object from two threads.
The Schema
interface is thread-safe. So once you compile a schema file into a Schema
object, it can be shared by multiple threads and accessed concurrently. This is useful at server-side, where multiple threads process client requests simultaneously.
The Verifier
interface is again not thread-safe. Each thread needs its own copy of Verifier
.
Verifier
objects are still re-usable, as you can use the same object to validate multiple documents one by one. What you cannot do is to validate multiple documents simultaneously.
The thread affinity of JARV is designed after that of TrAX API (javax.transform
package). Familiarity with TrAX will help you understand JARV better.
com.sun.msv.verifier.jarv.TheFactoryImpl
automatically detects the schema language from the schema file. However, there is one important limitation. Currently, the detection of XML DTDs is based on the file extension. Specifically, if the schema name has ".dtd" extension, it is treated as XML DTD and otherwise it is treated as other schema languages.
This causes a problem when you are passing InputStream
as the parameter to the compileSchema
method. Since InputStream
s do not have names, they are always treated as non-DTD schemas.
To avoid this problem, wrap it by an InputSource
and call the setSystemId
method to set the system id. The following example shows how to do that:
InputSource is = new InputSource( MyClass.class.getResourceAsStream("abc.dtd") ); is.setSystemId("abc.dtd"); verifierFactory.compileSchema(is);
This ugly limitation came from the difficulty in correctly detecting XML DTDs, which are written in non-XML syntax, from other schema languages, which are written in XML syntax.
Any input on this restriction is very welcome.
If you need an example that is not listed here, please let me know so that I can add it in the next release.
The distribution should contain this example at examples/jarv/jarvDemo.java
. It compiles a schema and obtains a verifier object, then use the same verifier to validate multiple documents.
The distribution should contain this example at examples/jarv/GrammarCacheDemo.java
. This example first compiles a schema, then it launches a lot of threads and let them share one schema object.
This example shows you how to use JARV in the multi-threaded environment and how you can cache a compiled schema into memory.
The following code shows how you can validate DOM by using JARV.
import org.iso_relax.verifier.*; void f( org.w3c.dom.Document dom ) { // create a VerifierFactory VerifierFactory factory = new com.sun.msv.verifier.jarv.TheFactoryImpl(); // compile a RELAX schema (or whatever schema you like) Schema schema = factory.compileSchema( new File("foo.rxg") ); // obtain a verifier Verifier verifier = schema.newVerifier(); // check the validity of a DOM. if( verifier.verify(dom) ) // the document is valid else // the document is not valid // you can use the same verifier object to test multiple DOMs // as long as you don't use it concurrently. if( verifier.verify(anotherDom) ) ... // or you can pass an Element to validate that subtree. Element e = (Element)dom.getDocumentElement().getFirstSibling(); if( verifier.verify(e) ) ... }
Passing an Element
is supported by MSV, but please be warned that other JARV implementations may not support this capability.
The following code shows how you can use JARV together with JARV.
import org.iso_relax.verifier.*; void f( javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory parserFactory ) { // create a VerifierFactory with the default SAX parser VerifierFactory factory = new com.sun.msv.verifier.jarv.TheFactoryImpl(); // compile a RELAX schema (or whatever schema you like) Schema schema = factory.compileSchema( new File("foo.rxg") ); // obtain a verifier Verifier verifier = schema.newVerifier(); // set an error handler // this error handler will throw an exception if there is an error verifier.setErrorHandler( com.sun.msv.verifier.util.ErrorHandlerImpl.theInstance ); // get a XMLFilter VerifierFilter filter = verifier.getVerifierFilter(); // set up the pipe-line XMLReader reader = parserFactory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader(); filter.setParent( reader ); filter.setContentHandler( new MyContentHandler() ); // parse the document try { filter.parse( "MyInstance.xml" ); // if the execution reaches here, the document was valid and // there was nothing wrong. } catch( SAXException e ) { // error. // maybe the document is not well-formed, or it's not valid // or some other reasons. } }


Hompa Mundjembwe's coronation stopped after an interdict from Mukwahepo clan
The Shambyu chieftainship dispute is far from over, despite the Government having recognised Sophia Mundjembwe-Kanyetu as the new Hompa of the tribe.
The High Court has stopped the coronation of Mundjembwe scheduled for today, after the Mukwahepo clan succeeded in its urgent application, to oppose the recognition.


Medical Records (alongside medicinal courses)
| Assertion | Projection |
|---|---|
| Number of people affected | 357 |
| Number of people cured | 334 |
| Severity | Low |
| Medicinal Course | Acetaminophen, Dextromenthorphan, Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®) |
| Assertion | Projection |
|---|---|
| Number of people affected | 357 |
| Number of people cured | 334 |
| Severity | Low |
| Medicinal Course | Acetaminophen, Dextromenthorphan, Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®) |


MAGNOLIA RATING: 8.5 /10 --> Excellent movie
For more reviews and movie screensavers, visit http://www.joblo.com/
Strange things happen. I spent my morning buzzing about being named as one of "USA Today's" hot sites, got canned for the first time in my life in the afternoon, and saw this film during the evening. After the movie, everything just seemed...well, peaceful. What a beautiful movie. Should we cling to our pasts, forgive our loved ones, treat others as we would like to be treated or do we have little choice in any of the stuff that really goes on in our lives? Writer/director P.T. Anderson takes us through an interesting journey across the halls of chance, coincidence and fate.
PLOT: This film follows the lives of various intertwining individuals during a period of 24 hours in the San Fernando Valley.
CRITIQUE: A wonderfully crafted picture, this movie sweeps you through the lives of many interesting characters, develops several extremely memorable sequences which will likely stick in your mind for years to come, and offers many of today's top character actors in top form.  It is to note that this film is not for everyone, and is another one of this year's infamous 3-hour+ movies, but one that is in my opinion, totally worth its value in time. In fact, I don't remember one particular scene in this film which did not grasp my complete and undivided attention.  Some people have been heard to complain about this ending, or the general esoteric nature of the film, but I enjoyed its surreal conclusion and just loved every bit of this movie and its poignant messages on life, love, forgiveness, infidelity, the past, dealing with the present and chance.
Of course, all of these serious subjects were tackled admirably by a formidable crew including extremely solid performances by little Timmy Cruise, the always-reliable Philip Baker Hall and William H. Macy, and a superb showing by Melora Walters. Julianne Moore was her usual solid self, but I couldn't help but feel like she had already played this drugged-up character before. The soundtrack was another successful supporting layer of this film, as was the creative eye from P.T. Anderson and the overall magical feel of the movie. I truly fell in love with the style of this film and its many intertwining stories and characters. As soon as the movie was over, I wanted to see it again and revisit the characters one more time. In fact, I can't wait to see it again after discussing its many meanings with my movie geek friends. Is everything left to chance? Will your past always affect your present? Does forgiveness and acceptance play a part in it all? A lot of puzzles, a lot of interpretations, a lot of engaging characters, and most of all, a lot of genuine entertainment. This film is apparently not intended for everyone, as witnessed by several of the walkouts during my own screening, but definitely a keeper for all fans of character-driven dramas laced with a tiny bit of humor and surreal fantasy. Love it or hate it, I think we could all agree that P.T. Anderson has quickly become synonymous with a man whose workings ooze extreme originality and excitement.
Can't wait to see his next pic. Great movie! Easily one of the year's best.
Review Date: January 5, 2000 Director: Paul Thomas Anderson Writer: Paul Thomas Anderson Producer: Joanne Sellar Actors: Jason Robards as Earl Partridge Julianne Moore as Linda Partridge Tom Cruise as Frank Mackey Philip Seymour Hoffman as Phil Parma John C. Reilly as Officer Jim Kurring Melora Walters as Claudia Gator William H. Macy as Donnie Smith Philip Baker Hall as Jimmy Gator Genre: Drama Year of Release: 1999
(c) 2000 Berge Garabedian
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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Administrators can manage user roles and nap spots
Reviewers can manage nap spots
Manage the type of Nap Spots that can be created.


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7 references to StartComplete
System.Management.Automation (7)
engine\hostifaces\LocalConnection.cs (2)
1388
operationStateArgs.OperationState = OperationState.
StartComplete
;
1492
OperationState.
StartComplete
;
engine\remoting\client\Job.cs (1)
2112
operationStateEventArgs.OperationState = OperationState.
StartComplete
;
engine\remoting\commands\ConnectPSSession.cs (1)
669
operationStateEventArgs.OperationState = OperationState.
StartComplete
;
engine\remoting\commands\DisconnectPSSession.cs (1)
469
operationStateEventArgs.OperationState = OperationState.
StartComplete
;
engine\remoting\commands\newrunspacecommand.cs (1)
1434
operationStateEventArgs.OperationState = OperationState.
StartComplete
;
engine\remoting\common\throttlemanager.cs (1)
473
if (stateEventArgs.OperationState == OperationState.
StartComplete
)


{% assign theme = site.data.themes[site.ui_theme] %} {% include head-blog.html %}
{% include nav.html %}{{ content }}
{% if page.last-updated %}This page was last updated at {{ "now" | date: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M" }}.
{% endif %}{{ content }}
{% if page.last-updated %}This page was last updated at {{ "now" | date: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M" }}.
{% endif %}


Simple, Customizable and Beautiful HTML One Page.
CALL TO ACTION
Single Page HTML is a nice and simple landing page layout.
if you like product please share it and support through social media, feedback is appreciated!
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I'm a spectrum of colors.
About Me
I came from a very diverse family. I have traveled the world and thus, collected a bunch of personalities. In that sense, I am colorful and cheerful. Very bubbly, very funny, and very entertaining to be around everyday. I would highly recommend hiring me! Please check out my CV attached below. PS: I can also produce HEX code in 4 seconds! Isn't it amazing?
Download my CVMy Family
I have been married for 20 years. My kids are now all grown-ups. Oh, and by the way, I have 7 of them. They are as follows: 1) Red, 2) Orange, 3) Yellow, 4) Green, 5) Blue, 6) Indigo, and 7) Violet. Violet is my favorite. She's amazingly smart and humble at the same time. Highly remarkable. I call them all at once usually by saying "RAINBOW." Yes, they all come.
Meet my kidsMy Skills
Oh, please. You don't even ask, right? My skills are transient. Omnipresent. See every poster. See every website. See everything around you. I'm everywhere! You cannot live without me. I literally add colors to an otherwise boring world. Whether you're color-blind or not, I still am needed. Hire me now in your code, design, startup, and more! :)
Add Me on LinkedIn
Oh I'm totally social! We should be friends.


When running a script function, it is possible to pass parameters to that function. All parameters must have type string. For example to pass "abc" and "123" to script function f use the following command.
run f(abc,123)
Some string character must be escaped. For example to pass "a b" and "<{>" to script function f use the following command.
run f(a+b,!(lt)!(=123)!(gt))


{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load i18n %}
{% block title %}SBZ -- Frontpage{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
Stichting Borrelbeheer Zilverling
Stichting Borrelbeheer Zilverling (SBZ) is a non-profit purchasing foundation for the sale of drinks to six study associations on the University of Twente campus in Enschede.
The drinks are purchased for the associations to be used during drinks in the drinking rooms in the Zilverling building, on the campus of the University of Twente, and drinks which take place at other locations, such as the intro camps or outdoor drinks at the O&O square.
The drinks that will take place in the near future can be found on Alexia. For organizing a drink, for example a graduation drink, you can contact one of the study associations.
{% endblock %}


THE SIXTH SENSE ****1/2 (out of five stars) A review by Jamey Hughton
Starring-Bruce Willis, Haley Joel Osment, Toni Collette and Olivia Williams Director-M. Night Shyamalan Rated 14A Released August 1999 Hollywood
More MOVIE VIEWS by Jamey Hughton at: http://Welcome.to/MovieViews
The Sixth Sense is a genuine, unexpected treasure in a summer plagued with severe disappointments (The Haunting, Deep Blue Sea). It manages to be creepy, unsettling, heart-felt and emotionally satisfying all at the same time.
Is there a minimum age required for an Oscar nomination? If not, an early suggestion would be Haley Joel Osment for his amazing performance in this film. Osment, from Bogus and Forrest Gump, is the most talented and credible child actor to grace the good screen in years. His tears of sadness and despair are so frighteningly real it will give you goosebumps. The mediocrity of a younger actor's performance often downplays the overall effect of a film like this, but The Sixth Sense is definitely not the case.
Bruce Willis, in a welcome change of pace, plays child psychologist Malcolm Crowe. Crowe has been praised for his efforts for helping the city's children, and awarded with a framed commendation plaque from the mayor. On the celebration night, he and his wife (Olivia Williams) are breaking out the champagne when they discover an intruder has entered their home. It's a former patient (played by Donnie Wahlberg), who is blaming Crowe that he was of no help to him during the sessions they had years ago. Despite attempts to calm him down, the frightened man shoots the good doctor and then turns the gun on himself.
Skip to `Next Fall', where Crowe is now a shadow of his former self. His new patient is eight-year old Cole Sear (Osment), a social outcast who is haunted by something he can't explain. His mother (Toni Collette) is seriously concerned about the strange bruises and cuts forming on Cole's wrists and back, but she too is totally unaware of the boy's serious condition. After a few sessions discussing his parents' divorce, the boy begins to feel more secure with Dr. Crowe.
The Sixth Sense is not a traditional thriller by any means. Director M. Night Shyamalan (who directed another film with a spiritual angle called Wide Awake) has crafted a sensational little drama that will chill your spine and warm your heart both at once. The emotional maturity that Shyamalan displays in the second half is wonderful and surprising. There are frightening moments and shocking images, but the overall emotions displayed here will have you uplifted while leaving the theater
This is Bruce Willis' best performance.... well, ever. The actor displays incredible power and realism with his character that comes as an unexpected fulfillment. The scenes between Willis and young Osment strike the perfect tone. The lines are perfectly delivered, the emotions are played perfectly, and their relationship is marvelously realized and never artificial. Actually, it seems as if the adult actors are given new opportunities to shine whenever around the extraordinary Osment. The relationship between Cole and his mother is also touching and well-balanced, and never altered by any kind of emotional fakery. The directions The Sixth Sense will take you are unexpected and extremely effective right until the end (and I do mean the very end).
The Sixth Sense is probably the best movie I've seen all year. It's an amazing, unparalleled and fulfilling experience. The performances are virtually flawless, the screenplay is consistently well-written, the dialogue is totally absorbing, and the direction leaves little margin for error. The final twist of the film is so clever and unexpected that you will ponder it for weeks afterward. On closer inspection, it may contain certain flaws, but it remains the most marvelous and surprising finale I've seen in years. This is a movie that you simply can't miss.
(C) 1999, Jamey Hughton
MOVIE VIEWS by Jamey Hughton: http://Welcome.to/MovieViews .......................
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