It is also possible to filter indices with a query:
POST my-index-*/_field_caps?fields=rating
{
"index_filter": {
"range": {
"@timestamp": {
"gte": "2018"
}
}
}
}
In which case indices that rewrite the provided filter to match_none
on every shard
will be filtered from the response.
|
Important
|
The filtering is done on a best-effort basis, it uses index statistics and mappings
to rewrite queries to |
Ranking evaluation API
Allows you to evaluate the quality of ranked search results over a set of typical search queries.
Request
GET /<target>/_rank_eval
POST /<target>/_rank_eval
Description
The ranking evaluation API allows you to evaluate the quality of ranked search
results over a set of typical search queries. Given this set of queries and a
list of manually rated documents, the rank_eval
endpoint calculates and
returns typical information retrieval metrics like _mean reciprocal rank,
precision or discounted cumulative gain.
Search quality evaluation starts with looking at the users of your search application, and the things that they are searching for. Users have a specific information need; for example, they are looking for gift in a web shop or want to book a flight for their next holiday. They usually enter some search terms into a search box or some other web form. All of this information, together with meta information about the user (for example the browser, location, earlier preferences and so on) then gets translated into a query to the underlying search system.
The challenge for search engineers is to tweak this translation process from user entries to a concrete query, in such a way that the search results contain the most relevant information with respect to the user’s information need. This can only be done if the search result quality is evaluated constantly across a representative test suite of typical user queries, so that improvements in the rankings for one particular query don’t negatively affect the ranking for other types of queries.
In order to get started with search quality evaluation, you need three basic things:
-
A collection of documents you want to evaluate your query performance against, usually one or more indices.
-
A collection of typical search requests that users enter into your system.
-
A set of document ratings that represent the documents' relevance with respect to a search request.
It is important to note that one set of document ratings is needed per test query, and that the relevance judgements are based on the information need of the user that entered the query.
The ranking evaluation API provides a convenient way to use this information in a ranking evaluation request to calculate different search evaluation metrics. This gives you a first estimation of your overall search quality, as well as a measurement to optimize against when fine-tuning various aspect of the query generation in your application.
Path parameters
<target>
-
(Optional, string) Comma-separated list of indices and index aliases used to limit the request. Wildcard (
*
) expressions are supported.To target all indices in a cluster, omit this parameter or use
_all
or*
.
Query parameters
allow_no_indices
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
false
, the request returns an error if any wildcard expression, index alias, or_all
value targets only missing or closed indices. This behavior applies even if the request targets other open indices. For example, a request targetingfoo*,bar*
returns an error if an index starts withfoo
but no index starts withbar
.Defaults to
true
. expand_wildcards
-
(Optional, string) Controls what kind of indices that wildcard expressions can expand to. Multiple values are accepted when separated by a comma, as in
open,hidden
. Valid values are:all
-
Expand to open and closed indices, including hidden indices.
open
-
Expand only to open indices.
closed
-
Expand only to closed indices.
hidden
-
Expansion of wildcards will include hidden indices. Must be combined with
open
,closed
, or both. none
-
Wildcard expressions are not accepted.
Defaults to
open
. ignore_unavailable
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, missing or closed indices are not included in the response. Defaults tofalse
.
Examples
In its most basic form, a request to the _rank_eval
endpoint has two sections:
GET /my-index-000001/_rank_eval
{
"requests": [ ... ], (1)
"metric": { (2)
"mean_reciprocal_rank": { ... } (3)
}
}
-
a set of typical search requests, together with their provided ratings
-
definition of the evaluation metric to calculate
-
a specific metric and its parameters
The request section contains several search requests typical to your application, along with the document ratings for each particular search request.
GET /my-index-000001/_rank_eval
{
"requests": [
{
"id": "amsterdam_query", (1)
"request": { (2)
"query": { "match": { "text": "amsterdam" } }
},
"ratings": [ (3)
{ "_index": "my-index-000001", "_id": "doc1", "rating": 0 },
{ "_index": "my-index-000001", "_id": "doc2", "rating": 3 },
{ "_index": "my-index-000001", "_id": "doc3", "rating": 1 }
]
},
{
"id": "berlin_query",
"request": {
"query": { "match": { "text": "berlin" } }
},
"ratings": [
{ "_index": "my-index-000001", "_id": "doc1", "rating": 1 }
]
}
]
}
-
The search request’s ID, used to group result details later.
-
The query being evaluated.
-
A list of document ratings. Each entry contains the following arguments:
-
_index
: The document’s index. -
_id
: The document ID. -
rating
: The document’s relevance with regard to this search request.
-
A document rating
can be any integer value that expresses the relevance of the
document on a user-defined scale. For some of the metrics, just giving a binary
rating (for example 0
for irrelevant and 1
for relevant) will be sufficient,
while other metrics can use a more fine-grained scale.
Template-based ranking evaluation
As an alternative to having to provide a single query per test request, it is
possible to specify query templates in the evaluation request and later refer to
them. This way, queries with a similar structure that differ only in their
parameters don’t have to be repeated all the time in the requests
section.
In typical search systems, where user inputs usually get filled into a small
set of query templates, this helps make the evaluation request more succinct.
GET /my-index-000001/_rank_eval
{
[...]
"templates": [
{
"id": "match_one_field_query", (1)
"template": { (2)
"inline": {
"query": {
"match": { "{{field}}": { "query": "{{query_string}}" }}
}
}
}
}
],
"requests": [
{
"id": "amsterdam_query"
"ratings": [ ... ],
"template_id": "match_one_field_query", (3)
"params": { (4)
"query_string": "amsterdam",
"field": "text"
}
},
[...]
}
-
the template id
-
the template definition to use
-
a reference to a previously defined template
-
the parameters to use to fill the template
It is also possible to use templates already stored in the cluster state by referencing their id in the templates section.
GET /my_index/_rank_eval
{
[...]
"templates": [
{
"id": "match_one_field_query", (1)
"template": { (2)
"id": "match_one_field_query"
}
}
],
"requests": [...]
}
-
the template id used for requests
-
the template id stored in the cluster state
Available evaluation metrics
The metric
section determines which of the available evaluation metrics
will be used. The following metrics are supported:
Precision at K (P@k)
This metric measures the proportion of relevant results in the top k search results. It’s a form of the well-known Precision metric that only looks at the top k documents. It is the fraction of relevant documents in those first k results. A precision at 10 (P@10) value of 0.6 then means 6 out of the 10 top hits are relevant with respect to the user’s information need.
P@k works well as a simple evaluation metric that has the benefit of being easy to understand and explain. Documents in the collection need to be rated as either relevant or irrelevant with respect to the current query. P@k is a set-based metric and does not take into account the position of the relevant documents within the top k results, so a ranking of ten results that contains one relevant result in position 10 is equally as good as a ranking of ten results that contains one relevant result in position 1.
GET /my-index-000001/_rank_eval
{
"requests": [
{
"id": "JFK query",
"request": { "query": { "match_all": {} } },
"ratings": []
} ],
"metric": {
"precision": {
"k": 20,
"relevant_rating_threshold": 1,
"ignore_unlabeled": false
}
}
}
The precision
metric takes the following optional parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
sets the maximum number of documents retrieved per query. This value will act in place of the usual |
|
sets the rating threshold above which documents are considered to be
"relevant". Defaults to |
|
controls how unlabeled documents in the search results are counted. If set to 'true', unlabeled documents are ignored and neither count as relevant or irrelevant. Set to 'false' (the default), they are treated as irrelevant. |
Recall at K (R@k)
This metric measures the total number of relevant results in the top k search results. It’s a form of the well-known Recall metric. It is the fraction of relevant documents in those first k results relative to all possible relevant results. A recall at 10 (R@10) value of 0.5 then means 4 out of 8 relevant documents, with respect to the user’s information need, were retrieved in the 10 top hits.
R@k works well as a simple evaluation metric that has the benefit of being easy to understand and explain. Documents in the collection need to be rated as either relevant or irrelevant with respect to the current query. R@k is a set-based metric and does not take into account the position of the relevant documents within the top k results, so a ranking of ten results that contains one relevant result in position 10 is equally as good as a ranking of ten results that contains one relevant result in position 1.
GET /my-index-000001/_rank_eval
{
"requests": [
{
"id": "JFK query",
"request": { "query": { "match_all": {} } },
"ratings": []
} ],
"metric": {
"recall": {
"k": 20,
"relevant_rating_threshold": 1
}
}
}
The recall
metric takes the following optional parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
sets the maximum number of documents retrieved per query. This value will act in place of the usual |
|
sets the rating threshold above which documents are considered to be
"relevant". Defaults to |
Mean reciprocal rank
For every query in the test suite, this metric calculates the reciprocal of the rank of the first relevant document. For example, finding the first relevant result in position 3 means the reciprocal rank is 1/3. The reciprocal rank for each query is averaged across all queries in the test suite to give the mean reciprocal rank.
GET /my-index-000001/_rank_eval
{
"requests": [
{
"id": "JFK query",
"request": { "query": { "match_all": {} } },
"ratings": []
} ],
"metric": {
"mean_reciprocal_rank": {
"k": 20,
"relevant_rating_threshold": 1
}
}
}
The mean_reciprocal_rank
metric takes the following optional parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
sets the maximum number of documents retrieved per query. This value will act in place of the usual |
|
Sets the rating threshold above which documents are considered to be
"relevant". Defaults to |
Discounted cumulative gain (DCG)
In contrast to the two metrics above, discounted cumulative gain takes both the rank and the rating of the search results into account.
The assumption is that highly relevant documents are more useful for the user when appearing at the top of the result list. Therefore, the DCG formula reduces the contribution that high ratings for documents on lower search ranks have on the overall DCG metric.
GET /my-index-000001/_rank_eval
{
"requests": [
{
"id": "JFK query",
"request": { "query": { "match_all": {} } },
"ratings": []
} ],
"metric": {
"dcg": {
"k": 20,
"normalize": false
}
}
}
The dcg
metric takes the following optional parameters:
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
sets the maximum number of documents retrieved per query. This value will act in place of the usual |
|
If set to |
Expected Reciprocal Rank (ERR)
Expected Reciprocal Rank (ERR) is an extension of the classical reciprocal rank for the graded relevance case (Olivier Chapelle, Donald Metzler, Ya Zhang, and Pierre Grinspan. 2009. Expected reciprocal rank for graded relevance.)
It is based on the assumption of a cascade model of search, in which a user scans through ranked search results in order and stops at the first document that satisfies the information need. For this reason, it is a good metric for question answering and navigation queries, but less so for survey-oriented information needs where the user is interested in finding many relevant documents in the top k results.
The metric models the expectation of the reciprocal of the position at which a user stops reading through the result list. This means that a relevant document in a top ranking position will have a large contribution to the overall score. However, the same document will contribute much less to the score if it appears in a lower rank; even more so if there are some relevant (but maybe less relevant) documents preceding it. In this way, the ERR metric discounts documents that are shown after very relevant documents. This introduces a notion of dependency in the ordering of relevant documents that e.g. Precision or DCG don’t account for.
GET /my-index-000001/_rank_eval
{
"requests": [
{
"id": "JFK query",
"request": { "query": { "match_all": {} } },
"ratings": []
} ],
"metric": {
"expected_reciprocal_rank": {
"maximum_relevance": 3,
"k": 20
}
}
}
The expected_reciprocal_rank
metric takes the following parameters:
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
Mandatory parameter. The highest relevance grade used in the user-supplied relevance judgments. |
|
sets the maximum number of documents retrieved per query. This value will act in place of the usual |
Response format
The response of the _rank_eval
endpoint contains the overall calculated result
for the defined quality metric, a details
section with a breakdown of results
for each query in the test suite and an optional failures
section that shows
potential errors of individual queries. The response has the following format:
{
"rank_eval": {
"metric_score": 0.4, (1)
"details": {
"my_query_id1": { (2)
"metric_score": 0.6, (3)
"unrated_docs": [ (4)
{
"_index": "my-index-000001",
"_id": "1960795"
}, ...
],
"hits": [
{
"hit": { (5)
"_index": "my-index-000001",
"_type": "page",
"_id": "1528558",
"_score": 7.0556192
},
"rating": 1
}, ...
],
"metric_details": { (6)
"precision": {
"relevant_docs_retrieved": 6,
"docs_retrieved": 10
}
}
},
"my_query_id2": { [... ] }
},
"failures": { [... ] }
}
}
-
the overall evaluation quality calculated by the defined metric
-
the
details
section contains one entry for every query in the originalrequests
section, keyed by the search request id -
the
metric_score
in thedetails
section shows the contribution of this query to the global quality metric score -
the
unrated_docs
section contains an_index
and_id
entry for each document in the search result for this query that didn’t have a ratings value. This can be used to ask the user to supply ratings for these documents -
the
hits
section shows a grouping of the search results with their supplied ratings -
the
metric_details
give additional information about the calculated quality metric (e.g. how many of the retrieved documents were relevant). The content varies for each metric but allows for better interpretation of the results== Snapshot and restore APIs
You can use the following APIs to set up snapshot repositories, manage snapshot backups, and restore snapshots to a running cluster.
For more information, see Snapshot and restore.
Snapshot repository management APIs
Snapshot management APIs
Put snapshot repository API
Registers or updates a snapshot repository.
PUT /_snapshot/my_repository
{
"type": "fs",
"settings": {
"location": "my_backup_location"
}
}
Request
PUT /_snapshot/<repository>
POST /_snapshot/<repository>
Description
A snapshot repository must be registered before you can perform snapshot and restore operations. You can use the put snapshot repository API to register new repositories and update existing ones. See Register a snapshot repository.
|
Tip
|
Because snapshot formats can change between major versions of OpenSearch, we recommend registering a new snapshot repository for each major version. See Version compatibility. |
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Name of the snapshot repository to register or update.
Query parameters
|
Important
|
Several options for this API can be specified using a query parameter or a request body parameter. If both parameters are specified, only the query parameter is used. |
master_timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a connection to the master node. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
. timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a response. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
. verify
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, the request verifies the repository is functional on all master and data nodes in the cluster. Iffalse
, this verification is skipped. Defaults totrue
.You can manually perform this verification using the verify snapshot repository API.
Request body
master_timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a connection to the master node. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
. timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a response. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
.
type
-
(Required, string) Repository type.
Valid values for
type
fs
-
Shared file system repository. Repositories of this type use a shared file system to store snapshots. This file system must accessible to all master and data nodes in the cluster.
ImportantTo register a shared file system repository, you must mount the same shared filesystem to the same location on all master and data nodes. This location must be registered in the path.repo
setting on all master and data nodes in the cluster. url
-
URL repository. Repositories of this type are read-only for the cluster. This means the cluster can retrieve or restore snapshots from the repository but cannot write or create snapshots in it.
You can use URL repositories as an alternative way to give a cluster read-only access to a shared file system (
fs
) repository.
More repository types are available through these official plugins:
-
repository-s3 for S3 repository support
-
repository-hdfs for HDFS repository support in Hadoop environments
-
repository-azure for Azure storage repositories
-
repository-gcs for Google Cloud Storage repositories
settings
-
(Required, object) Contains settings for the repository.
The following
settings
properties are valid for all repository types:Properties of
settings
chunk_size
-
(Optional, byte value) Maximum size of files in snapshots. In snapshots, files larger than this are broken down into chunks of this size or smaller. Defaults to
null
(unlimited file size). compress
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, metadata files, such as index mappings and settings, are compressed in snapshots. Data files are not compressed. Defaults totrue
. max_restore_bytes_per_sec
-
(Optional, byte value) Maximum snapshot restore rate per node. Defaults to unlimited. Note that restores are also throttled through recovery settings.
max_snapshot_bytes_per_sec
-
(Optional, byte value) Maximum snapshot creation rate per node. Defaults to
40mb
per second. readonly
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, the repository is read-only. The cluster can retrieve and restore snapshots from the repository but not write to the repository or create snapshots in it.If
false
, the cluster can write to the repository and create snapshots in it. Defaults tofalse
.TipIf you register the same snapshot repository with multiple clusters, only one cluster should have write access to the repository. Having multiple clusters write to the repository at the same time risks corrupting the contents of the repository.
Only a cluster with write access can create snapshots in the repository. All other clusters connected to the repository should have the
readonly
parameter set totrue
. This means those clusters can retrieve or restore snapshots from the repository but not create snapshots in it.
Other accepted
settings
properties depend on the repository type, set using thetype
parameter.Valid
settings
properties forfs
repositorieslocation
-
(Required, string) Location of the shared filesystem used to store and retrieve snapshots. This location must be registered in the
path.repo
setting on all master and data nodes in the cluster.
Valid
settings
properties forurl
repositoriesurl
-
(Required, string) URL location of the root of the shared filesystem repository. The following protocols are supported:
-
file
-
ftp
-
http
-
https
-
jar
-
URLs using the
file
protocol must point to the location of a shared filesystem accessible to all master and data nodes in the cluster. This location must be registered in thepath.repo
setting.URLs using the
http
,https
, orftp
protocols must be explicitly allowed with therepositories.url.allowed_urls
setting. This setting supports wildcards in the place of a host, path, query, or fragment in the URL. verify
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, the request verifies the repository is functional on all master and data nodes in the cluster. Iffalse
, this verification is skipped. Defaults totrue
.You can manually perform this verification using the verify snapshot repository API.
Verify snapshot repository API
Verifies that a snapshot repository is functional.
POST /_snapshot/my_repository/_verify
Request
POST /_snapshot/<repository>/_verify
Description
By default, put snapshot repository API requests verify that a snapshot is functional on all master and data nodes in the cluster.
You can skip this verification using the put snapshot repository API’s verify
parameter. You can then use the verify snapshot repository API to manually
verify the repository.
If verification is successful, the verify snapshot repository API returns a list of nodes connected to the snapshot repository. If verification failed, the API returns an error.
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Name of the snapshot repository to verify.
Query parameters
master_timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a connection to the master node. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
. timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a response. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
.
Response body
nodes
-
(object)
Properties of
nodes
objects<node_id>
-
(object) Contains information about a node connected to the snapshot repository.
The key is the ID of the node.
Properties of
<node_id>
name
-
(string) Human-readable name for the node.
You can set this name using the
node.name
property inopensearch.yml
. Defaults to the machine’s hostname.
Get snapshot repository API
Gets information about one or more registered snapshot repositories.
GET /_snapshot/my_repository
Request
GET /_snapshot/<repository>
GET /_snapshot
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Comma-separated list of snapshot repository names used to limit the request. Wildcard (
*
) expressions are supported.To get information about all snapshot repositories registered in the cluster, omit this parameter or use
*
or_all
.
Query parameters
local
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, the request gets information from the local node only. Iffalse
, the request gets information from the master node. Defaults tofalse
. master_timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a connection to the master node. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
.
Response body
<repository>
-
(object) Contains information about the snapshot repository. Key is the name of the snapshot repository.
Properties of
<repository>
type
-
(string) Repository type.
Values for
type
fs
-
Shared file system repository. See Shared file system repository.
url
-
URL repository. See Read-only URL repository.
More repository types are available through these official plugins:
-
repository-s3 for S3 repository support
-
repository-hdfs for HDFS repository support in Hadoop environments
-
repository-azure for Azure storage repositories
-
repository-gcs for Google Cloud Storage repositories
settings
-
(object) Contains settings for the repository. Valid properties for the
settings
object depend on the repository type, set using thetype
parameter.For properties, see the put snapshot repository API's
settings
parameter.
Examples
GET /_snapshot/my_repository
The API returns the following response:
{
"my_repository" : {
"type" : "fs",
"settings" : {
"location" : "my_backup_location"
}
}
}
Delete snapshot repository API
Unregisters one or more snapshot repositories.
When a repository is unregistered, OpenSearch only removes the reference to the location where the repository is storing the snapshots. The snapshots themselves are left untouched and in place.
DELETE /_snapshot/my_repository
Request
DELETE /_snapshot/<repository>
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Name of the snapshot repository to unregister. Wildcard (
*
) patterns are supported.
Query parameters
master_timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a connection to the master node. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
. timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a response. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
.
Clean up snapshot repository API
Triggers the review of a snapshot repository’s contents and deletes any stale data that is not referenced by existing snapshots.
POST /_snapshot/my_repository/_cleanup
Request
POST /_snapshot/<repository>/_cleanup
Description
Over time, snapshot repositories can accumulate stale data that is no longer referenced by existing snapshots.
While this unreferenced data does not negatively impact the performance or safety of a snapshot repository, it can lead to more storage use than necessary.
You can use the clean up snapshot repository API to detect and delete this unreferenced data.
|
Tip
|
Most cleanup operations performed by this API are performed automatically when a snapshot is deleted from a repository. If you regularly delete snapshots, calling this API may only reduce your storage slightly or not at all. |
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Name of the snapshot repository to review and clean up.
Query parameters
master_timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Period to wait for a connection to the master node. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
. timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Period to wait for a response. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
.
Response body
results
-
(object) Contains statistics for cleanup operations.
Properties of
results
deleted_bytes
-
(integer) Number of bytes freed by cleanup operations.
deleted_blobs
-
(integer) Number of binary large objects (blobs) removed from the snapshot repository during cleanup operations. Any non-zero value implies that unreferenced blobs were found and subsequently cleaned up.
Examples
POST /_snapshot/my_repository/_cleanup
The API returns the following response:
{
"results": {
"deleted_bytes": 20,
"deleted_blobs": 5
}
}
Clone snapshot API
Clones part or all of a snapshot into a new snapshot.
PUT /_snapshot/my_repository/source_snapshot/_clone/target_snapshot
{
"indices": "index_a,index_b"
}
Request
PUT /_snapshot/<repository>/<source_snapshot>/_clone/<target_snapshot>
Description
The clone snapshot API allows creating a copy of all or part of an existing snapshot within the same repository.
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Name of the snapshot repository that both source and target snapshot belong to.
Query parameters
master_timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a connection to the master node. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
. timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a response. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
. indices
-
(Required, string) A comma-separated list of indices to include in the snapshot. Multi-index syntax is supported.
Create snapshot API
Takes a snapshot of a cluster or specified indices.
PUT /_snapshot/my_repository/my_snapshot
Request
PUT /_snapshot/<repository>/<snapshot>
POST /_snapshot/<repository>/<snapshot>
Description
You can use the create snapshot API to create a snapshot, which is a backup taken from a running OpenSearch cluster.
By default, a snapshot includes all open indices in the cluster, as well as the cluster state. You can change this behavior by specifying a list of indices to back up in the body of the snapshot request.
|
Note
|
You must register a snapshot repository before performing snapshot and restore operations. Use the put snapshot repository API to register new repositories and update existing ones. |
The snapshot process is incremental. When creating a snapshot, OpenSearch analyzes the list of files that are already stored in the repository and copies only files that were created or changed since the last snapshot. This process allows multiple snapshots to be preserved in the repository in a compact form.
The snapshot process is executed in non-blocking fashion, so all indexing and searching operations can run concurrently against the index that OpenSearch is snapshotting.
A snapshot represents a point-in-time view of the moment when the snapshot was created. No records that were added to an index after the snapshot process started will be present in the snapshot.
For primary shards that have not been started and are not currently relocating, the snapshot process starts immediately. If shards are in the process of starting or relocating, OpenSearch waits for these processes to complete before taking a snapshot.
|
Important
|
While a snapshot of a particular shard is being created, this shard cannot be moved to another node. Relocating a shard during the snapshot process can interfere with rebalancing and allocation filtering. OpenSearch can move a shard to another node (according to the current allocation filtering settings and rebalancing algorithm) only after the snapshot process completes. |
Besides creating a copy of each index, the snapshot process can also store global cluster metadata, including persistent cluster settings and templates. The transient settings and registered snapshot repositories are not stored as part of the snapshot.
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Name of the repository to create a snapshot in.
<snapshot>
-
(Required, string) Name of the snapshot to create. This name must be unique in the snapshot repository.
Request body
ignore_unavailable
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
false
, the request returns an error for any index that is missing or closed. Defaults tofalse
.If
true
, the request ignores indices inindices
that are missing or closed. indices
-
(Optional, string) A comma-separated list of indices to include in the snapshot. Multi-index syntax is supported.
By default, a snapshot includes all indices in the cluster. If this argument is provided, the snapshot only includes the specified clusters.
include_global_state
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, the current cluster state is included in the snapshot. Defaults totrue
.The cluster state includes:
-
Persistent cluster settings
-
Index templates
-
Legacy index templates
-
Ingest pipelines
ImportantBy default, the entire snapshot will fail if one or more indices included in the snapshot do not have all primary shards available. You can change this behavior by setting partial
totrue
. -
master_timeout
-
(Optional, time units) Period to wait for a connection to the master node. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to
30s
. metadata
-
(Optional, string) Attaches arbitrary metadata to the snapshot, such as a record of who took the snapshot, why it was taken, or any other useful data. Metadata must be less than 1024 bytes.
partial
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
false
, the entire snapshot will fail if one or more indices included in the snapshot do not have all primary shards available. Defaults tofalse
.If
true
, allows taking a partial snapshot of indices with unavailable shards. wait_for_completion
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, the request returns a response when the snapshot is complete. Iffalse
, the request returns a response when the snapshot initializes. Defaults tofalse
.
Examples
The following request takes a snapshot of index_1
and index_2
.
PUT /_snapshot/my_repository/snapshot_2?wait_for_completion=true
{
"indices": "index_1,index_2",
"ignore_unavailable": true,
"include_global_state": false,
"metadata": {
"taken_by": "user123",
"taken_because": "backup before upgrading"
}
}
The API returns the following response:
{
"snapshot": {
"snapshot": "snapshot_2",
"uuid": "vdRctLCxSketdKb54xw67g",
"version_id": <version_id>,
"version": <version>,
"indices": [],
"data_streams": [],
"include_global_state": false,
"metadata": {
"taken_by": "user123",
"taken_because": "backup before upgrading"
},
"state": "SUCCESS",
"start_time": "2020-06-25T14:00:28.850Z",
"start_time_in_millis":<PHONE_NUMBER>850,
"end_time": "2020-06-25T14:00:28.850Z",
"end_time_in_millis":<PHONE_NUMBER>018,
"duration_in_millis": 0,
"failures": [],
"shards": {
"total": 0,
"failed": 0,
"successful": 0
}
}
}
Get snapshot API
Retrieves information about one or more snapshots.
GET /_snapshot/my_repository/my_snapshot
Request
GET /_snapshot/<repository>/<snapshot>
Description
Use the get snapshot API to return information about one or more snapshots, including:
-
Start and end time values
-
Version of OpenSearch that created the snapshot
-
List of included indices
-
Current state of the snapshot
-
List of failures that occurred during the snapshot
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Snapshot repository name used to limit the request.
To get information about all snapshot repositories registered in the cluster, omit this parameter or use
*
or_all
. <snapshot>
-
(Required, string) Comma-separated list of snapshot names to retrieve. Also accepts wildcards (
*
).-
To get information about all snapshots in a registered repository, use a wildcard (
*
) or_all
. -
To get information about any snapshots that are currently running, use
_current
.NoteUsing _all
in a request fails if any snapshots are unavailable. Setignore_unavailable
totrue
to return only available snapshots.
-
Request body
Response body
snapshot
-
(string) Name of the snapshot.
uuid
-
(string) Universally unique identifier (UUID) of the snapshot.
version_id
-
(int) Build ID of the OpenSearch version used to create the snapshot.
version
-
(float) OpenSearch version used to create the snapshot.
indices
-
(array) List of indices included in the snapshot.
data_streams
-
(array) List of data streams included in the snapshot.
include_global_state
-
(Boolean) Indicates whether the current cluster state is included in the snapshot.
start_time
-
(string) Date timestamp of when the snapshot creation process started.
start_time_in_millis
-
(long) The time, in milliseconds, when the snapshot creation process started.
end_time
-
(string) Date timestamp of when the snapshot creation process ended.
end_time_in_millis
-
(long) The time, in milliseconds, when the snapshot creation process ended.
duration_in_millis
-
(long) How long, in milliseconds, it took to create the snapshot.
failures
-
(array) Lists any failures that occurred when creating the snapshot.
shards
-
(object) Contains a count of shards in the snapshot.
Properties of
shards
total
-
(integer) Total number of shards included in the snapshot.
successful
-
(integer) Number of shards that were successfully included in the snapshot.
failed
-
(integer) Number of shards that failed to be included in the snapshot.
state
-
(string) The snapshot
state
can be one of the following values:Values for
state
IN_PROGRESS
-
The snapshot is currently running.
SUCCESS
-
The snapshot finished and all shards were stored successfully.
FAILED
-
The snapshot finished with an error and failed to store any data.
PARTIAL
-
The global cluster state was stored, but data of at least one shard was not stored successfully. The
failures
section of the response contains more detailed information about shards that were not processed correctly.
Examples
The following request returns information for snapshot_2
in the my_repository
repository.
GET /_snapshot/my_repository/snapshot_2
The API returns the following response:
{
"snapshots": [
{
"snapshot": "snapshot_2",
"uuid": "vdRctLCxSketdKb54xw67g",
"version_id": <version_id>,
"version": <version>,
"indices": [],
"data_streams": [],
"include_global_state": true,
"state": "SUCCESS",
"start_time": "2020-07-06T21:55:18.129Z",
"start_time_in_millis":<PHONE_NUMBER>850,
"end_time": "2020-07-06T21:55:18.876Z",
"end_time_in_millis":<PHONE_NUMBER>018,
"duration_in_millis": 0,
"failures": [],
"shards": {
"total": 0,
"failed": 0,
"successful": 0
}
}
]
}
Get snapshot status API
Retrieves a detailed description of the current state for each shard participating in the snapshot.
GET /_snapshot/my_repository/my_snapshot/_status
Request
GET /_snapshot/<repository>/<snapshot>/_status
Description
Use the get snapshot status API to retrieve detailed information about snapshots currently running in the cluster.
If you specify both the repository name and snapshot, the request retrieves detailed status information for the given snapshot, even if not currently running.
|
Warning
|
Using the get snapshot status API to return any status results other than the currently running snapshots ( For example, if you have 100 snapshots with 1,000 shards each, the API request will result in 100,000 file reads (100 snapshots * 1,000 shards). Depending on the latency of your file storage, the request can take extremely long to retrieve results. |
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Snapshot repository name used to limit the request. Wildcard (
*
) expressions are supported.Use
_current
after the repository name to limit the request only to the currently running snapshots. This usage is preferred to return only snapshots that are currently running and not degrade response time. <snapshot>
-
(Required, string) Comma-separated list of snapshot names to retrieve status for.
To retrieve a list of all snapshots in a specified repository, omit this parameter.
NoteWildcard ( *
) expressions are not supported for<snapshot>
.
Request body
ignore_unavailable
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
false
, the request returns an error for any snapshots that are unavailable. Defaults tofalse
.If
true
, the request ignores snapshots that are unavailable, such as those that are corrupted or temporarily cannot be returned.
Response body
repository
-
(string) Name of the repository that includes the snapshot.
snapshot
-
(string) Name of the snapshot.
uuid
-
(string) Universally unique identifier (UUID) of the snapshot.
state
-
(string) Indicates the current snapshot state.
Values for
state
FAILED
-
The snapshot finished with an error and failed to store any data.
IN_PROGRESS
-
The snapshot is currently running.
PARTIAL
-
The global cluster state was stored, but data of at least one shard was not stored successfully. The
failures
section of the response contains more detailed information about shards that were not processed correctly. SUCCESS
-
The snapshot finished and all shards were stored successfully.
include_global_state
-
(Boolean) Indicates whether the current cluster state is included in the snapshot.
shards_stats
-
(object) Contains a count of shards in the snapshot.
Properties of
shards_stats
initializing
-
(integer) Number of shards that are still initializing.
started
-
(integer) Number of shards that have started but not are not finalized.
finalizing
-
(integer) Number of shards that are finalizing but are not done.
done
-
(integer) Number of shards that initialized, started, and finalized successfully.
failed
-
(integer) Number of shards that failed to be included in the snapshot.
total
-
(integer) Total number of shards included in the snapshot.
stats
-
(object) Provides details on the number (
file_count
) and size (size_in_bytes
) of files included in the snapshot.Properties of
stats
incremental
-
(object) Number and size of files that still need to be copied as part of the incremental snapshot.
For completed snapshots, this property indicates the number and size of files that were not already in the repository and were copied as part of the incremental snapshot.
processed
-
(object) Number and size of files that have already been uploaded to the snapshot. After a file is uploaded, the processed
file_count
andsize_in_bytes
are incremented instats
. total
-
(object) Total number and size of files that are referenced by the snapshot.
start_time_in_millis
-
(long) The time, in milliseconds, when the snapshot creation process started.
time_in_millis
-
(long) The total time, in milliseconds, that it took for the snapshot process to complete.
<index>
-
(list of objects) List of objects containing information about the indices included in the snapshot.
Properties of
<index>
shards_stats
-
(object) See
shards_stats
. stats
-
(object) See
stats
. shards
-
(list of objects) List of objects containing information about the shards that include the snapshot.
Properties of
shards
stage
-
(string) Indicates the current state of the shards that include the snapshot.
Properties of
stage
DONE
-
Number of shards in the snapshot that were successfully stored in the repository.
FAILURE
-
Number of shards in the snapshot that were not successfully stored in the repository.
FINALIZE
-
Number of shards in the snapshot that are in the finalizing stage of being stored in the repository.
INIT
-
Number of shards in the snapshot that are in the initializing stage of being stored in the repository.
STARTED
-
Number of shards in the snapshot that are in the started stage of being stored in the repository.
stats
-
(object) See
stats
. total
-
(object) Total number and size of files that are referenced by the snapshot.
start_time_in_millis
-
(long) See
start_time_in_millis
. time_in_millis
-
(long) See
time_in_millis
.
Example
The following request returns detailed status information for snapshot_2
in the my_repository
repository. This response includes additional information beyond the Get snapshot API, such as shard status and file statistics.
GET /_snapshot/my_repository/snapshot_2/_status
{
"snapshots" : [
{
"snapshot" : "snapshot_2",
"repository" : "my_repository",
"uuid" : "lNeQD1SvTQCqqJUMQSwmGg",
"state" : "SUCCESS",
"include_global_state" : false,
"shards_stats" : {
"initializing" : 0,
"started" : 0,
"finalizing" : 0,
"done" : 1,
"failed" : 0,
"total" : 1
},
"stats" : {
"incremental" : {
"file_count" : 3,
"size_in_bytes" : 5969
},
"total" : {
"file_count" : 4,
"size_in_bytes" : 6024
},
"start_time_in_millis" :<PHONE_NUMBER>691,
"time_in_millis" : 205
},
"indices" : {
"index_1" : {
"shards_stats" : {
"initializing" : 0,
"started" : 0,
"finalizing" : 0,
"done" : 1,
"failed" : 0,
"total" : 1
},
"stats" : {
"incremental" : {
"file_count" : 3,
"size_in_bytes" : 5969
},
"total" : {
"file_count" : 4,
"size_in_bytes" : 6024
},
"start_time_in_millis" :<PHONE_NUMBER>896,
"time_in_millis" : 0
},
"shards" : {
"0" : {
"stage" : "DONE",
"stats" : {
"incremental" : {
"file_count" : 3,
"size_in_bytes" : 5969
},
"total" : {
"file_count" : 4,
"size_in_bytes" : 6024
},
"start_time_in_millis" :<PHONE_NUMBER>896,
"time_in_millis" : 0
}
}
}
}
}
}
]
}
Restore snapshot API
Restores a snapshot of a cluster or specified indices.
POST /_snapshot/my_repository/my_snapshot/_restore
Request
POST /_snapshot/<repository>/<snapshot>/_restore
Description
Use the restore snapshot API to restore a snapshot of a cluster, including all indices in the snapshot. If you do not want to restore the entire snapshot, you can select specific indices to restore.
You can run the restore operation on a cluster that contains an elected master node and has data nodes with enough capacity to accommodate the snapshot you are restoring. Existing indices can only be restored if they are closed and have the same number of shards as the indices in the snapshot. The restore operation automatically opens restored indices if they were closed and creates new indices if they do not exist in the cluster.
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Name of the repository to restore a snapshot from.
<snapshot>
-
(Required, string) Name of the snapshot to restore.
Request body
ignore_unavailable
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
false
, the request returns an error for any index that is missing or closed. Defaults tofalse
.If
true
, the request ignores indices inindices
that are missing or closed. ignore_index_settings
-
(Optional, string) A comma-separated list of index settings that should not be restored from a snapshot.
include_aliases
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
true
, index aliases from the original snapshot are restored. Defaults totrue
.If
false
, prevents aliases from being restored together with associated indices.
include_global_state
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
false
, the cluster state is not restored. Defaults tofalse
.If
true
, the current cluster state is included in the restore operation.The cluster state includes:
-
Persistent cluster settings
-
Index templates
-
Legacy index templates
-
Ingest pipelines
ImportantBy default, the entire restore operation will fail if one or more indices included in the snapshot do not have all primary shards available. You can change this behavior by setting partial
totrue
. -
index_settings
-
(Optional, string) A comma-separated list of settings to add or change in all restored indices. Use this parameter to override index settings when restoring snapshots.
For more information regarding all the different index-level settings that you can specify, see index modules.
indices
-
(Optional, string) A comma-separated list of indices to restore from the snapshot. Multi-index syntax is supported.
By default, a restore operation includes all indices in the snapshot. If this argument is provided, the restore operation only includes the specified indices.
partial
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
false
, the entire restore operation will fail if one or more indices included in the snapshot do not have all primary shards available. Defaults tofalse
.If
true
, allows restoring a partial snapshot of indices with unavailable shards. Only shards that were successfully included in the snapshot will be restored. All missing shards will be recreated as empty.
rename_pattern
-
(Optional, string) Defines a rename pattern to apply to restored indices. Indices matching the rename pattern will be renamed according to
rename_replacement
.The rename pattern is applied as defined by the regular expression that supports referencing the original text, according to the
appendReplacement
logic.The request will fail if two or more indices will be renamed into the same name.
rename_replacement
-
(Optional, string) Defines the rename replacement string. See
rename_pattern
for more information. wait_for_completion
-
(Optional, Boolean) If
false
, the request returns a response when the restore operation initializes. Defaults tofalse
.If
true
, the request returns a response when the restore operation completes.
Examples
The following request restores index_1
and index_2
from snapshot_2
. The rename_pattern
and rename_replacement
parameters indicate any index matching the regular expression index_(.+)
will be renamed using the pattern restored_index_$1
when restored.
For example, index_1
will be renamed to restored_index_1
. index_2
will be renamed to restored_index_2
.
POST /_snapshot/my_repository/snapshot_2/_restore?wait_for_completion=true
{
"indices": "index_1,index_2",
"ignore_unavailable": true,
"include_global_state": false,
"rename_pattern": "index_(.+)",
"rename_replacement": "restored_index_$1",
"include_aliases": false
}
The API returns an acknowledgement if the request succeeds. If the request encounters errors, the response indicates any issues found, such as open indices that are blocking the restore operation from completing.
Delete snapshot API
Deletes a snapshot.
DELETE /_snapshot/my_repository/my_snapshot
Request
DELETE /_snapshot/<repository>/<snapshot>
Description
Use the delete snapshot API to delete a snapshot, which is a backup taken from a running OpenSearch cluster.
When deleting a snapshot from a repository, OpenSearch deletes all files that are associated with the snapshot and not used by any other snapshots. All files that are shared with at least one other existing snapshot are left intact.
If you attempt to delete a snapshot while it is being created, the snapshot process aborts and all associated will be deleted.
To delete multiple snapshots in a single request, separate the snapshot names with a comma or use a wildcard (*
).
|
Tip
|
Use the delete snapshot API to cancel long-running snapshot operations that were started by mistake. |
Path parameters
<repository>
-
(Required, string) Name of the repository to delete a snapshot from.
<snapshot>
-
(Required, string) Comma-separated list of snapshot names to delete. Also accepts wildcards (
*
).
Example
The following request deletes snapshot_2
and snapshot_3
from the repository named my_repository
.
DELETE /_snapshot/my_repository/snapshot_2,snapshot_3
The API returns the following response:
{
"acknowledged" : true
}


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April 2018
2018-04-30
Bot art illustration 机械人 | 月旦评
art
2018-04-29
Vote buying, Minnowbooster or Smartsteem?
smartsteem
2018-04-28
Overhead camera rig for art recording, improved!
busy
2018-04-27
Best way to store crypto credentials like private keys and seeds -- Keepass
security
2018-04-26
Steem is the biggest rebellion in bearish market today
busy
2018-04-25
I'm whitelisted in the Minnowbooster Community Whitelist
minnowbooster
2018-04-25
Steemit just removed a little but useful benchmark
busy
2018-04-24
Checksum tools in Windows
security
2018-04-23
A Litecoin transaction that should worries the banks
litecoin
2018-04-22
Switch from Lastpass to Bitwarden
security
2018-04-21
Cardano indicator
cindicator
2018-04-20
Lessons that I learned from a failed ICO
ico
2018-04-19
The best way to crack Photoshop CC
piracy
2018-04-17
Why do I making forecast in Cindicator?
cindicator
2018-04-16
Drawing Goku 悟空 | 齐白石杯 月旦评
cn-drawing
2018-04-15
Overhead camera rig DIY with PVC tubes
diy
2018-04-13
Verify EOS private key by mapping to public key
eos
2018-04-13
Steem is telling the jackpot result in advance again
steem
2018-04-12
EOS the top 5 coin!
eos
2018-04-11
Validate ETH address registration with EOS before it is too late
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LINC00466 regulates glioma cell activity and sensitivity to TMZ treatment by targeting miR-137. ( A) The viability, ( B and C) migration combined with invasion abilities of T98G and A172 cells in different treatment groups were measured by CCK8 assay and Transwell assay; ( D) Effects of LINC00466 and miR-137 on resistance of glioma cells to TMZ (200uM).


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Hoard Overlay Unity
Boilerplate for account management
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Class that can be dragged and pass the drag information to other objects that needs it More...
Public Member Functions | |
| void | OnBeginDrag (PointerEventData eventData) |
| void | OnDrag (PointerEventData eventData) |
| void | OnEndDrag (PointerEventData eventData) |
Properties | |
| Vector2? | Velocity [get] |
| bool | BeingDragged [get] |
| Properties inherited from Hoard.MVC.Unity.IVelocityProvider | |
| Vector2 | Velocity [get] |
Events | |
| Action< Vector2 > | OnVelocityChanged |
| Invoked when velocity of dragged object changes More... | |
| PositionChangeDelegate | OnPositionChanged |
| Callback that passes the new position More... | |
| PositionChangeFinishedDelegate | OnPositionChangeFinished |
| Called when user finishes the drag of the object More... | |
| Events inherited from Hoard.MVC.Unity.IVelocityProvider | |
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| PositionChangeFinishedDelegate | OnPositionChangeFinished |
| PositionChangeDelegate | OnPositionChanged |
Class that can be dragged and pass the drag information to other objects that needs it
| void Hoard.MVC.Unity.DragableElement.OnBeginDrag | ( | PointerEventData | eventData | ) |
| void Hoard.MVC.Unity.DragableElement.OnDrag | ( | PointerEventData | eventData | ) |
| void Hoard.MVC.Unity.DragableElement.OnEndDrag | ( | PointerEventData | eventData | ) |
|
get |
|
get |
| PositionChangeDelegate Hoard.MVC.Unity.DragableElement.OnPositionChanged |
Callback that passes the new position
| PositionChangeFinishedDelegate Hoard.MVC.Unity.DragableElement.OnPositionChangeFinished |
Called when user finishes the drag of the object
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Invoked when velocity of dragged object changes


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1st SME NITK Convention will provide a platform for researchers and practitioners to interact with one another and discuss the state-of-the-art developments in the field. Our Attractions for the convention:
Paper Presentation
Topics are Open for paper presentation, it should be creative and original.
Poster Presentation
Poster presentation is a way to communicate your research or your understanding of a topic in a short and concise format. It usually includes two elements - a poster and a brief explanation.
Meet the Leaders
We all love getting inspired by the people who have succeeded in their lives and try to live up to them, we have great leaders enhancing our knowledge on leadership qualities and responsibilities as a student we need along with the recipes of success so that we get to taste them.
Mine the Brain
Brain is a castle of sense, that guides the principle of the thought. The fore most thing we must know is "By how and From where our basics are met".

Gold Seeker
A Mining Theme based Tresure hunt which will give you never before experience.
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Story one
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About her


* 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. OR: odds ratio. Pos: yellow fever virus genome detected by RT-qPCR. 1The investigation of the association between the positivity and NHP genera considered only data regarding Callithrix, Callicebus, and Alouatta (n = 743, excluding non-identified specimens and one specimen of Sapajus). 2,3The investigation of the association between the positivity and 2the period of sampling (epidemic or non-epidemic) and 3the investigation of the association between the positivity and the environment (urban, urban-rural interface, and rural/sylvatic areas) included all specimens (n = 781). 4The investigation of the association between the positivity and the environment together with NHP genera included part of specimens (n = 728, non-identified specimens; specimens of Sapajus; and specimens of Alouatta and Callicebus from urban and urban-rural interface were not included in the analyses). Liver samples of non-human primate carcasses collected in Minas Gerais state, Brazil (Jan 2017-Dec 2018), were tested for yellow fever virus RNA, using the RT-qPCR [ 24]. *Chi-square test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons with differences considered statistically significant at p<0.0125. Analyses were run in R software v.3.6.0.


Welcome to the best app ever made by the Great Ntom.
Today as the Title of course says we are going to learn about some words from the Greek Language but also the first letters that used for those words!
This is an Egg. An egg in the Greek language is called Αυγό(Avgo)
This word starts with the letter A(Alpha) and is the first letter of the Greek Alphabet
This is a Book. A Book in the Greek language is called Βιβλίο(Vivlio)
This word starts with the letter B(Beta) and is the second letter of the Greek Alphabet
This is a Cat. A Cat in the Greek language is called Γάτα(Ghata)
This word start with the letter Γ(Ghama) and is the third letter of the Greek Alphabet
This is a Tree. A Tree in the Greek language is called Δέντρο(Dhentro)
This word start with the letter Δ(Delta) and is the fourth letter of the Greek Alphabet
This is an Elephant. An Elephant in the Greek language is called Ελέφαντας(Elephantas)
This word starts with the letter E(Epsilon) and is the fifth letter of the Greek Alphabet
This is a Dice. An Dice in the Greek language is called Ζάρι(Zari)
This word starts with the letter Z(Zeta) and is the sixth letter of the Greek Alphabet


The MLME-SAP primitives for how a loss of synchronization is communicated to the next higher layer.
LossReason - The reason that synchronization was lost


Cent account
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Create accountAccount specifications
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WITNESS LIST Intergovernmental Relations Committee (Subcommittee on Property Owners' Associations) January 16, 2002 - 9:00A charge one ON: Akinyemi, Olcoble (Self), Stafford, TX Akinyemi, Veronica (Self), Stafford, TX Beer, Stephen (Self), Houston, TX Brixey, Charles (Self), Missouri City, TX Brooks, Geneva Kirk Director (Metro News & Property Rights Foundation), Houston, TX Craig, Richard (Homeowners living in HOAs), San Antonio, TX Eastridge, John (Tanglewilde Townhomes Association), Houston, TX Epstein, Sondra (Self), Houston, TX Fergoson, Franklin (Self), Houston, TX Furlow, David Partner-Thompson & Knight, L.L.P. (Self), Houston, TX Gainer, Michael Attorney (Cypress Creek United Civic Associations), Houston, TX Glaze, Nettie (Self), Houston, TX Guetersloh, Craig (Self), Houston, TX Hickman, Ron Constable (Pct 4 Harris County), Spring, TX Howard, William (Self), Katy, TX Jones, Harvella (Texas Homeowners' Advocate Group), Houston, TX Kahne, David (ACLU), Houston, TX Knight, Michael (Self), Houston, TX Lemer, Robert (Self), Houston, TX Marcum, Darlene President (SCS Management Services, Inc.), Houston, TX McKinney, Osiris (Neighbors of Brandy Creek Townhomes), Houston, TX Meyes, Margey President, Prime Site, Inc. AAMG (Community Associations Institute), Houston, TX Owens, John Assistant Attorney General (Texas Attorney General), Austin, TX Patillo, Dennis (Texas Association of Realtors), Houston, TX Porras, Enrique (Self), Houston, TX Rice, M. Susan Attorney (Self), Houston, TX Rosen, Marian Attorney (Wenonah Blevins), Houston, TX Samms, Ronnie Attorney (Self), Houston, TX Sayre, Estelle (Self), Houston, TX Sigmund, Terri Former Assoc. President, Assoc. Manager (Self), Houston, TX Silva, Yvonne (Self), Houston, TX Smith, Ken (Self), Dallas, TX Smith, Susan Treasurer (Self & WestBranch Community Association), Houston, TX Sokol, Matthew (Self), Sugarland, TX Solcich, Steve (Self), Hubbard, TX Stafford, Amy (Self), Houston, TX Stafford, Jackie (Self), Houston, TX Sumners, Don (Office of Paul Bettencourt, Harris County Tax Assessor-Collector), Houston, TX Wiggins, Jude President (Cypress Creek United Civic Associations), Houston, TX Windsor, James President (Lakewood Forest HOA), Cypress, TX Zingelmann, Card CCE (Self), Houston, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Bailey, Pamela (Chaparrall Management Company), Houston, TX Barbier, Brenda Founder (Katyland Community (K.H.A.F.)), Katy, TX Canales, R.J. (Joe) V.P. (Spring Shadows Civic Association), Houston, TX Castillo, Marina President (Wild Pine Civic Association), Houston, TX Dalberg, Richard President (Country Place Master Community), Pearland, TX Deretchin, Joel Presedent (The Woodlands Association), Woodlands, TX Ehni, Bruce MD (Self), Houston, TX English, Nancy Recording Secretary (Spring Shadows Civic Association), Houston, TX Ford, Lee CQE (Self), Katy, TX Frey, Linda (Planned Community Assocaition), Houston, TX Hailey, Roy HOA Attorney (Self), Houston, TX Hamilton, Gayla (Self), Houston, TX Hill, Susan Secretary and Chairman of Education (Texas Neighborhoods Together), Houston, TX Jacobus, Charles Attorney (Title Insurance Company), Bellaire, TX Johnson, Johnny (self & members of HUCA), Houston, TX Kainer, Kristi General Manager (Lakewood Forest Fund), Cypress, TX Laubach, Wendy (Willowbend Civic Club), Houston, TX Lenz, Ralph President (Maplewood Civic Club), Houston, TX Lindauer, Bob (Spring Shadows Civic Association), Houston, TX Madha, Abraham (Property Owners), Houston, TX Marano, Ralph (Self), Houston, TX Marrison Melott, Abby (Self), Houston, TX Martin, B.D. (Self), Kingwood, TX McCann, Raymond (Self), Houston, TX McConnaughey, Catherine (Homeowners Associations), Houston, TX McElwee, Edward (Self), Seabrook, TX McGann, Michael Attorney (Self), Houston, TX Mellia, Charles (Self), Houston, TX Mulroonsy, Maureen (Spring Shadows Civic Association), Houston, TX Oswald, Edwin (Self), Houston, TX Parsons, Neil (Fonn Villas), Houston, TX Regenbaum, David (Association Management Inc.), Houston, TX Salazar, Wilson (Westlake Village H.A.), Houston, TX Sikes, Stella (Self), Houston, TX Sims, Robert (Self), Houston, TX Smith, Lorraine P. President (Woodlands Oaks Community Association), Houston, TX Thomas, Linda (Self), Houston, TX Tindall, Jack President (Parkway Villages Residentail Association Inc), Houston, TX Toppin, Roberta (Self), Houston, TX Tough, Bruce President (Woodlands Community Assocaition Inc), Woodlands, TX Walleck, Stella (Self), Houston, TX Charge one ON: Adolph, Irene (Self), Houston, TX


{% extends "archive/base.old.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% load account %} {% block head_title %}{% trans "Mendel,MD" %}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
This is an online tool created to help doctors and scientists to identify disease causing variants using exome/genome sequencing data from patients with mendelian disorders.
With this tool, you can quickly identify candidate variants of causing Mendelian disorders in your affected individuals. By excluding variants according to different criterias such as low frequency in public databases (Ex. 1000genomes, dbSNP138 and Exome Sequencing Project) and scores of patogenicity (Ex. SIFT, POLYPHEN2 and CADD) you can quickly reduce the number of variants from your initial list from thousands to a few dozens using just a few clicks.
With this tool, you can identify mendelian variants, de novo variants and compound heterozygous variants using exome data from a famillies (Ex. trios, quartets or even more individuals). This tool helps you tremendously to reduce the number of candidate variants when investigating mendelian disorders in Families.


Providers should use this manual as a guide to managing their mainstream
ITT
funding according to funding policy and guidelines. Although it covers the main aspects of mainstream
ITT
funding, there may be exceptional circumstances that it does not directly address.


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Zidane smiled and waxed lyrical when asked about Ronaldo, and who can blame him?
“You know what Ronaldo is for Real Madrid, what he’s done and a player that is dear to us all,” Zidane said. “The most important thing is that he is a Juventus player and we have to respect this.”
The Portuguese forward will go down as one of the greatest players in Real Madrid history, if not the best ever, and his legendary status is intact. A return wouldn’t impact that, but it would be fun.
The key thing here: if Ronaldo returns, does that mean captain and fellow legend Sergio Ramos will sign a new contract? Do Real have the funds to bring the superstar back? Or keep all of their star players?
It seems like Juve are keen to move Ronaldo on, and Real are one of the few teams who could afford his wages.
Ronaldo left Real Madrid just before Zidane was fired and now he’s back in charge, perhaps we will get a few more years of a return to the true Galactico era?


<script src="RGraph.common.core.js"></script> <script src="RGraphgantt.js"></script>Put this where you want the chart to show up:
<canvas id="cvs" width="600" height="250"> [No canvas support] </canvas>This is the code that generates the chart - it should be placed AFTER the canvas tag(s):


The Rolling Scopes School Game
Adventure puzzle game
Created by Kudla Dzmitry
The link to the game
Main menu
Instructions
Settings
Field of the game
Task 1
Game over Overlay
To crib
Cleanwoman
Task 2
Help
Coffee Cup
False Task
Chair Man
Bathroom
Eating
Window crush
Boss task
To crib boss task
Winner
Issues
Thanks


| default |
`only screen` |
| small |
`only screen` |
| small-only |
`only screen and (max-width: 40em) /* 0, 640px */` |
| medium |
`only screen and (min-width: 40.063em) /* 641px */` |
| medium-only |
`only screen and (min-width: 40.063em) and (max-width: 64em) /* 641px, 1024px */` |
| large |
`only screen and (min-width: 64.063em) /* 1025px */` |
| large-only |
`only screen and (min-width: 64.063em) and (max-width: 90em) /* 1025px, 1440px */` |
| xlarge |
`only screen and (min-width: 90.063em) /* 1441px */` |
| xlarge-only |
`only screen and (min-width: 90.063em) and (max-width: 120em) /* 1441px, 1920px */` |
| xxlarge |
`only screen and (min-width: 120.063em) /* 1921px */` |
| landscape |
`only screen and (orientation: landscape)` |
| portrait |
`only screen and (orientation: portrait)` |
| retina (4.2.1) |
`only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),`
`only screen and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 2),`
`only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2/1),`
`only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),`
`only screen and (min-resolution: 192dpi),`
`only screen and (min-resolution: 2dppx)`
|


Take NF006914 for example.
- total number of RefSeq proteins hit by NF006914 is 23774 link
- the number of RefSeq named by NF006914 is 2840
- the number of other hits is 20934 and includes:
- PRK09404.1 11298
- PRK12270.1 4373
- TIGR00239.1 3629
- NF008907.0 1185
- NBR006631 443
- NA 6
-
then, count the total number of RefSeq proteins hit by PRK09404.1, PRK12270.1, TIGR00239.1, NF008907.0
and NBR006631 respectively:
- PRK09404.1 ???link
- PRK12270.1 23433 link
- TIGR00239.1 23676 link
- NF008907.0 23433 link
- NBR006631 444 link


PLANET SICK-BOY: http://www.sick-boy.com
Attempting to adapt Frank McCourt's beloved bestseller Angela's Ashes is a heck of an undertaking. I'm not sure that many filmmakers would be able to pull it off at all, let alone be able to present a decent finished version to the teeming masses that devoured McCourt's autobiography. But Alan Parker and his crew show that they were more than up to the challenge, and their bleak and haunting film will certainly satisfy the appetite of Angela's rabid readers.
Like the book, Ashes starts with the impoverished McCourt family living in a dank, muddy, rain-soaked tenement in New York City. Unable to make ends meet in the new world, the family high-tails it back to Limerick, Ireland, leaving young five-year-old Frank and his family in the rare position of waving `goodbye' to the Statue of Liberty. Unfortunately, Limerick was the only place in the world danker, muddier and rainier than New York's slums. In fact, the film depicts the housing in New York and Limerick almost identically – old, decaying stone structures threatening to crush the feeble hopes and dreams of anyone that dare enter.
Frank's parents almost seem like caricatures, with mum Angela (Emily Watson, Cradle Will Rock) barely able to muster enough energy to keep spreading her legs and popping out kids, and dad Malachy (Robert Carlyle, The World is Not Enough), an on-the-dole drunkard that can neither hold down a job nor win the favor of his in-laws that despise the fact he's a Protestant from Northern Ireland. Frank starts out as the oldest of four boys, but the McCourts gain and lose kids at such an amazing pace, it's hard to keep track of the exact number at any given point in the film. It probably wasn't until the Kennedys burst on to the scene that a more tragic family existed.
While you've probably seen dirt poor ‘30s families portrayed in film before, Ashes kicks it up a couple of notches.  Their first floor is constantly underwater, and their neighbor's sewage ran down the drainpipe outside their ramshackle abode. Each family member is so caked in filth and has so much dirt under their fingernails that you'll want to go home and scrub your fingers raw while sitting in a steaming hot tub as soon as you get home.
The story follows Frank's life from age five to sixteen, when he returned to the United States. In between, he suffered from hunger, typhoid and conjunctivitis. Frank is played by three different young actors (Joseph Breen, Ciaran Owens and Michael Legge) and each does a fine job looking destitute and downcast. Watson and Carlyle contribute to the film's acting pedigree, but the majority of Ashes' magic occurs behind the camera.
Although Parker hasn't made a film since Evita, he shows that he is still one of the most talented directors today. Parker's script, which he co-wrote with Oscar and Lucinda's Laura Jones, does a good job incorporating the major points of McCourt's novel into the film without keeping it from getting too out of hand. Cinematographer Michael Seresin, who worked on Parker's earlier (and considerably darker) films like Birdy and Angel Heart, and six-time Oscar nominee and longtime Parker editor Gerry Hambling both do an amazing job at creating a very realistic Depression era. If the poignant images don't get to you, John William's score swells in enough of the right places to all but guarantee a lump in your throat.
2:25 – R for adult language, some mild adult situations and the realistic portrayal of a dirt-poor family
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