Copyright 2005 M Travers, JP Massar, Jeff Shrager
In one paragraph:
Whereas Unix and Windows are operating systems for ASCII strings and files, and there are operating systems for tables (such as Oracle), a knowledge operating System (or "KnowOS") is an operating systems for knowledge! The current BioBike implementation has many of the facilities of an operating system, including an integrated file system and multi-processing, but the representational basis for BioBike is knowledge, not files or tables.
In more detail:
Both operating systems and programming languages use abstraction to provide services such as data management, user and process isolation and intercommunication, and interfaces to hardware services and to other software. In historical practice, the broad concepts of operating systems and programming languages overlap with one another in a variety of ways. For example, since one of the most important services provided by operating systems is application integration -- the ability to pass the results of one application program on to another -- operating systems often provide custom "scripting languages" for this purpose. Deriving from IBM's Job Control Language (JCL) in the 60s, the concept was popularized by Unix shell scripts, and has evolved a number of rich languages such as Python.
Both scripting languages and full-strength programming languages define a virtual environment consisting of abstract objects and operations to manipulate them. They differ primarily in the nature of their domain of objects, and in their sense of the persistence of their data state. Scripting languages generally range over persistent object spaces composed of relatively simple objects. The objects in Unix are files organized into directories, and these are highly persistent. Similarly, relational database management systems (RDBMSs), such as Oracle, range over persistent tables. Contrast this with classical programming where what one does is to build up networks of complex structured "intermediate" knowledge, use these in calculations, and then drop them when the program terminates.
It is now widely recognized that networks of complex structured knowledge are critical to modern software applications, but the tools contained in mainstream languages and operating systems are not particularly oriented towards this type of data. Operating systems deal mainly with serial files, programming languages deal with networks of objects but do not provide persistence. RDBMs provide persistence but are poor at dealing with complex, evolving , messily-structured domains. Herein lies the vision that we call a knowledge operating system or "KnowOS": Complex persistent knowledge should be the fundamental domain of both the user interface (UI) and of the way that programs interact with one another (i.e., the API).
The central idea of a knowledge operating system is that knowledge -- that is, arbitrarily complex, interconnected, semi-structured data of all types -- is omnipresent. This knowledge is immediately and easily available to both users and programs at all times, and the user is, or appears to be, "living in" this universe, just as the user of Unix lives in the directory tree, and the user of Oracle lives in a world of tables. All of this knowledge should be manipulable through an equally-omnipresent programming language through which one can easily and efficiently work with complex knowledge structures. In this vision, everything known to the OS is a part of the knowledge space, basic data, programs, process objects, long text objects (analogous to files), etc., and the programming language has access to all of these objects equally. The classical example of what we have thus far described is the Lisp Machine, variously instantiated at MIT and Xerox PARC in the 70s and 80s. But these did had significant limitations, esp. running on special-purpose hardware, and in the modern world one wants to be able to access knowledge via The Web.
For more detail and examples, read some of our publications:
Or try out BioBike, an integrated programmable biological knowledge environment implemented on KnowOS technology.
Or write to Jeff Shrager (jshrager@stanford.edu).


Documentation should be edited in the StackEdit. A different markdown editor can be used, if desired. However, StackEdit must be used to export the markdown into a HTML file, because the way GitHub renders Markdown is ugly.
Values of Instance Variables
Where an instance variable stores an object, mention it in the single-sentence description. Otherwise, include a line e.g. Value: 1
.
Constant vs. Mutable
Distinguish between the two wherever the distinction is relevant. For example, there are certain classes where constants are used for internal parsing logic; the distinction is important there. However,
Branches
All development should take place on dev
or other branches specifically intended for development. The master
branch is only for production releases.
Sparing Push
When pushing, don’t just push all edited files. Select the changes appropriately and thoughtfully. Don’t push tiny or otherwise meaningless changes. Merge conflicts should be avoided as much as possible.


Factbox: Some of the world's youngest national leaders
(Reuters) - Finland’s Sanna Marin is about to become the world’s youngest serving prime minister at the age of 34.
Here are some other current world leaders still in their thirties:
* Oleksiy Honcharuk, 35, Ukrainian prime minister. A political novice and protege of President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Honcharuk ran for parliament in 2014 but failed to get elected.
* Kim Jong-un, believed to be in his mid-thirties, leader of North Korea. Pictured this month riding a white horse through a snow-covered forest on the country’s sacred Mount Paektu, he has in the past referred to U.S. President Donald Trump, 73, as a “dotard”.
* Nayib Bukele, 38, President of El Salvador. Delayed the start of his first address to the United Nations General Assembly in September to take a selfie.
* Jacinda Ardern, 39, New Zealand prime minister. Won praise for her views on women’s rights, climate change and diversity, but opinion polls in October showed her popularity waning amid a slowing economy and her party’s handling of sexual assault complaints.
* Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani, 39, Emir of Qatar, 39. Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt cut diplomatic and trade links to Qatar in 2017, accusing it of backing terrorism. Qatar denies this, saying its neighbors are trying to diminish its sovereignty.


This simple single-page web application sends requests to a Node HTTP server, which connects to an Apache Tomcat backend server, which in turn connects to a MySQL database.
An AppDynamics agent has been installed and is monitoring each tier. AppDynamics Agents send application data to the Controller, which assembles, processes, and presents the data.
In about two minutes after loading this page, the agents will register and you should begin seeing some activity in the Controller UI.


# Extending
## Creating new loaders
In your project i.e called myprogram create your custom loader.
myprogram/my_custom_loader.py
```python def load(obj, env=None, silent=True, key=None, filename=None):
“”” Reads and loads in to “obj” a single key or all keys from source :param obj: the settings instance :param env: settings current env (upper case) default=’DEVELOPMENT’ :param silent: if errors should raise :param key: if defined load a single key, else load all from env :param filename: Custom filename to load (useful for tests) :return: None “”” # Load data from your custom data source (file, database, memory etc) # use obj.set(key, value) or obj.update(dict) to load data # use obj.find_file(‘filename.ext’) to find the file in search tree # Return nothing
In the .env file or exporting the envvar define:
`bash
LOADERS_FOR_DYNACONF=['myprogram.my_custom_loader', 'dynaconf.loaders.env_loader']
`
Dynaconf will import your myprogram.my_custom_loader.load and call it.
> IMPORTANT: the ‘dynaconf.loaders.env_loader’ must be the last in the loaders list > if you want to keep the behavior of having envvars to override parameters.
In case you need to disable all external loaders and rely only the settings.* file loaders define:
`bash
LOADERS_FOR_DYNACONF=false
`
In case you need to disable all core loaders and rely only on external loaders:
`bash
CORE_LOADERS_FOR_DYNACONF='[]' # a toml empty list
`
See [example/custom_loader](https://github.com/rochacbruno/dynaconf/tree/master/example/custom_loader)


TIMELINE
An international, interdisciplinary conference is held in Cambridge to explore how the comparative analysis of visual culture artefacts, from objects to architecture and fiction films, can contribute to our understanding of everyday life practices in homes around the globe.
To celebrate the event, a second edition of the Catalogue Raisonné of Everyday Life Activities is published.
The CineMuseSpace installation A Cinematic Home of the Everyday in partnership with the Centre for Chinese Contemporary Art (CFCCA) in Manchester is produced. In this installation, stencilled lines on the floor and real objects and furniture create an augmented reality ‘home’. The cinematic projections fill the gap between the abstract and the very real to combine a unique atmosphere. The installation forms part of an exhibition on Future Cities and runs from 1st August 2019 until 20th October 2019 with free admission.
A first edition of a catalogue raisonné is published by the project. The publication constitutes a first effort towards creating a cinematic encyclopaedia of lived domestic situations, a form of standardized spatial ethnography across cultures.
The project creates its first exhibition entitled A Cinematic Museum of the Everyday in the Nextmixing Gallery in Shanghai. For the first time we explore what a Cinematic Musée Imaginaire of everyday activities might look like.
From March 30th to April 6th, different domestic activities are curated in the following order: Monday, maintenance – washing, cleaning; Tuesday is for food-related activities – cooking, eating; Wednesday is for creativity – painting, drawing; Thursday is for rest – sleeping, waking up; Friday is for intellectual activity – studying, working, thinking; Saturday is for technology-related activities – computers, microwaves, domestic machines; while Sunday is for recreation – gardening, playing.
The film analysis database built in collaboration with Sebastian Lütgert and Jan Gerber (the creators of www.pan.do/ra) goes live and the project’s film analysis moves into the digital realm. Over 100 films are carefully analysed by members of the research team over the course of the next year.
CineMuseSpace international co-investigator Andong Lu, principal-investigator François Penz and research associate Janina Schupp hold a workshop on Cinematic Interpretation of Spatiality at Nanjing University. Leading architects, scholars from the fields of film and architecture studies, and filmmakers were invited from China, Japan and Hong Kong.
The participants are tasked with exploring a chosen concept of space through the filmic medium within Nanjing’s Zhan Garden, the Former Residence of Ganxi and the Nanjing University grounds.
The CineMuseSpace team begins compiling a comprehensive list of films from China, Japan, the United States and Europe for analysis. A new methodology based on an extensive keyword ontology and time-based annotations is developed.
Nullam vel sem. Nullam vel sem. Integer ante arcu, accumsan a, consectetuer eget, posuere ut, mauris. Donec orci lectus, aliquam ut, faucibus non, euismod id, nulla. Donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus. ullam dictum felis eu pede mollis pretium. Pellentesque ut neque.


Format: /calldll {dll name} {Function Name} {Parameters to Send}
This command is used to call functions in a user defined DLL.
Variables, functions, etc... are translated
before being sent to the DLL.
/calldll {MyDLL} {MyFunction} {Some text to send and a variable $Var}
This will call the function "MyFunction" defined in the DLL "MyDLL"
and send
the text "Some text..."
Click here to return to previous page.


My skin is brown, but not too brown. The browness comes my lineage originating in the Philipines, which is a country located near the equator. Due to this, there are more hours of daylight per day in the Philipines than in more northern countries. Its location on the Earth also makes the Sun's rays stronger. With all these factors involved, the people in the Filipines have become darker. The shade of people's skin is caused by how much melanin is produced and more is produced with more sun exposure to protect skin cells.
 With practice, the time it takes me to solve a mixed up cube has dropped below thirty seconds. A more active passtime of mine is basketball. I enjoy touching the big orange ball with my hands and putting pressure on it to distance it into the air. From the air, it enters the horizontal circle with the white strings underneath. Another one of passions is penis. Penis is just... just... just the best thing in the world and even better when it is in my mouth. My favorite video game is Attack on Titan, which is based on the popular anime of the same name. Although that show is somewhat interesting, the most interesting show, in my opinion, is "La Catrina". It combines some of my favorite aspects of TV shows, an interesting plot, a character you care deeply for, and special effects that will awe you.
I do not share this with everyone, but I secretly want to be a girl. A girl that wears frilly things like nice pretty bows and dresses.
"Not everyone who wanders is lost."- Rube Holdberg


Tue Apr 9, 2013
This has been going around the internet. I have no idea who the source is, although they could ease up on the exclamation marks. It’s all spot on though - especially the part about playing Asteroids and Space Invaders. After the Atari 2600 came our first PC, running at 1 MHz and sporting a two-colour CGA monitor (orange and black). My brother and I begged and begged my Dad for a colour monitor and when that day finally came it blew our minds. So yeah, kids are definitely spoiled these days…
If you are 36, or older, you might think this is hilarious!
When I was a kid, adults used to bore me to tears with their tedious diatribes about how hard things were. When they were growing up; what with walking twenty-five miles to school every morning…. Uphill… Barefoot…
But now that I’m over the ripe old age of forty, I can’t help but look around and notice the youth of today. You’ve got it so easy!
 If we wanted to know something, we had to go to the damn library and look it up ourselves, in the card catalog!!
2) There was no email!! We had to actually write somebody a letter - with a pen! Then you had to walk all the way across the street and put it in the mailbox, and it would take like a week to get there! Stamps were 10 cents!
3) Child Protective Services didn’t care if our parents beat us. As a matter of fact, the parents of all my friends also had permission to kick our ass! Nowhere was safe!
4) There were no MP3’s or Napsters or iTunes! If you wanted to steal music, you had to hitchhike to the record store and shoplift it yourself!
 There were no CD players! We had tape decks in our car. We’d play our favorite tape and “eject” it when finished, and then the tape would come undone rendering it useless. Cause, hey, that’s how we rolled, Baby! Dig?
 If you were on the phone and somebody else called, they got a busy signal, that’s it!
7) There weren’t any freakin’ cell phones either. If you left the house, you just didn’t make a damn call or receive one. You actually had to be out of touch with your “friends”.  Think of the horror… not being in touch with someone 24⁄7!!! And then there’s TEXTING. Yeah, right. Please!
8) And we didn’t have fancy Caller ID either! When the phone rang, you had no idea who it was!  You had to pick it up and take your chances, mister!
9) We didn’t have any fancy PlayStation or Xbox video games with high-resolution 3-D graphics! We had the Atari 2600! With games like ‘Space Invaders’ and ‘Asteroids’. Your screen guy was a little square! You actually had to use your imagination!!! And there were no multiple levels or screens, it was just one screen.. Forever! And you could never win. The game just kept getting harder and harder and faster and faster until you died! Just like LIFE!
10) You had to use a little book called a TV Guide to find out what was on! You were screwed when it came to channel surfing!  NO REMOTES!!! Oh, no, what’s the world coming to?!?!
11) There was no Cartoon Network either! You could only get cartoons on Saturday Morning. Do you hear what I’m saying?
12) And we didn’t have microwaves. If we wanted to heat something up, we had to use the stove! Imagine that!
13) And our parents told us to stay outside and play… all day long. Oh, no, no electronics to soothe and comfort. And if you came back inside… you were doing chores!
14) And car seats - oh, please!  If you were lucky, you got the “safety arm” across the chest at the last moment if she had to stop suddenly, and if your head hit the dashboard, well that was your fault for calling “shot gun” in the first place!
See! That’s exactly what I’m talking about! You kids today have got it too easy. You’re spoiled rotten! You guys wouldn’t have lasted five minutes back in 1970 or any time before!
Regards, The Over 40 Crowd


paramlink: Parametric Linkage and Other Pedigree Analysis in R
A suite of tools for analysing pedigrees with marker data, including parametric linkage analysis, forensic computations, relatedness analysis and marker simulations. The core of the package is an implementation of the Elston-Stewart algorithm for pedigree likelihoods, extended to allow mutations as well as complex inbreeding. Features for linkage analysis include singlepoint LOD scores, power analysis, and multipoint analysis (the latter through a wrapper to the 'MERLIN' software). Forensic applications include exclusion probabilities, genotype distributions and conditional simulations. Data from the 'Familias' software can be imported and analysed in 'paramlink'. Finally, 'paramlink' offers many utility functions for creating, manipulating and plotting pedigrees with or without marker data (the actual plotting is done by the 'kinship2' package).
| Version: |
1.1-2 |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 3.3) |
| Imports: |
assertthat, graphics, kinship2, maxLik, stats, utils |
| Suggests: |
identity, igraph |
| Published: |
2018-01-05 |
| Author: |
Magnus Dehli Vigeland [aut, cre],
Thore Egeland [ctb],
Guro Doerum [ctb] |
| Maintainer: |
Magnus Dehli Vigeland <m.d.vigeland at medisin.uio.no> |
| License: |
GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: |
no |
| SystemRequirements: |
For the MERLIN wrapper, MERLIN
(http://csg.sph.umich.edu/abecasis/Merlin/) must be installed
and pointed to in the PATH environment variable. |
| Materials: |
NEWS |
| CRAN checks: |
paramlink results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=paramlink
to link to this page.


SRRP - Sign Up
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hybird sports car
The Lamborghini Egoista is a concept car unveiled by Lamborghini for the company's 50th anniversary. The fully functioning model is based on the Gallardo. It features a 5.2 L (317 cu in) V10 engine producing 600 hp (447 kW; 608 PS).
The Lamborghini Egoista has a unique one-seat cockpit, which is similar to that of a modern fighter jet, and has a canopy door that is completely removable. The steering wheel must be removed to enter and exit the vehicle.[1] The unique exterior of the Lamborghini Egoista is meant to resemble a bull ready to charge if looked at from the side.[1] The lighting resembles that of a modern airplane, with sidemarkers and indicators on the sides and top of the car as well as front and rear. The bodywork consists of active aerodynamic panels that raise and lower for optimum downforce and stability. The body and wheels are made of antiradar material to even more identify with fighter jets.
In Italian, Egoista literally means "selfish". According to the model's designer Walter de Silva, the Egoista "represents hedonism taken to the extreme."[2] The car is now on display at the Lamborghini museum located in Sant'Agata Bolognese.[3]


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load compress hc_extras humanize static %} {% block description %} {% endblock %} {% block containers %}
Make HTTP requests to the Ping URL at regular intervals. When the URL is not pinged on time, {% site_name %} will send you an alert. You can monitor any service that can make HTTP requests or send emails.
As an alternative to HTTP and HTTPS requests, you can "ping" this check by sending an email message to {{ check.email }}
A list of your checks, one for each Cron job, daemon or periodically running task you want to monitor.
Give names and assign tags to your checks to easily recognize them later.
Tap on the integration icons to toggle them on and off.
Adjust Period and Grace time to match the periodicity and duration of your tasks.
| New. A check that has been created, but has not received any pings yet. | |
| Up. Time since last ping has not exceeded Period. | |
| Late. Time since last ping has exceeded Period, but has not yet exceeded Period + Grace. | |
| Down. Time since last ping has exceeded Period + Grace. When check goes from "Late" to "Down", {% site_name %} sends you a notification. |
Alternatively, you can define the expected ping dates and times using a cron expression. See Cron Syntax Cheatsheet for the supported syntax features.
Grace Time specifies how "late" a ping can be before you will be alerted. Set it to be a little above the expected duration of your cron job.
You can add a longer, free-form description to each check. Leave notes and pointers for yourself and for your team.
You can also see the log of received pings and sent "Down" notifications.
{% site_name %} provides status badges for each of the tags you have used. Additionally, the "{% site_name %}" badge shows the overall status of all checks in your account.
The badges have public, but hard-to-guess URLs. You can use them in your READMEs, dashboards or status pages.
{% site_name %} monitoring is a great fit for cron jobs and cron-like systems (systemd timers, Jenkins build jobs, Windows Scheduled Tasks, wp-cron, uwsgi cron-like interface, Heroku Scheduler, ...). A failed cron job often has no immediate visible consequences, and can go unnoticed for a long time.
Specific examples:
{% site_name %} monitoring can be used for lightweight server monitoring: ensuring a particular system service, or the server as a whole is alive and healthy. Write a shell script that checks for a specific condition, and pings {% site_name %} if successful. Run the shell script regularly.
Specific examples:


Resume List
Create Resume
Currently Editing Resume Number: {{customer._id}}
{{title}}
Id of Candidate
ID of Candidate Candidate Required
Experience
Experience Required
Cancel
Guardar
Delete


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see all the pretty colours fly by in this most amazing of demos.


MBMLDataProcessingFunctions Class Reference
| Inherits from | NSObject |
|---|---|
| Declared in | MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h |
Overview
This class provides a set of MBML functions for manipulating data structures.
Terminology
Collection objects: Where objects are referred to as collections, any
object implementing NSFastEnumeration
may be used. Typically, collections
are NSDictionary
, NSArray
or NSSet
instances.
About function declarations
These functions are exposed to the Mockingbird environment via
<Function ... />
declarations in the MBDataEnvironmentModule.xml
file.
For more information on MBML functions, see the MBMLFunction
class.
Testing collections
+ containsValue:
Determines whether one or more collections contains a specified value.
+ (id)containsValue:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
@YES
if any of the input collections contains the test value;
@NO
otherwise.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two or more pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
One or more collections, object expressions yielding collection instances.
The test value, an object expression yielding the value be used to test equality with the values in the passed-in collections.
Note: This method tests equality using [MBExpression value:isEqualTo:]
,
not the standard isEqual:
method. This allows implicit type conversions to
occur, so that an NSNumber
containing the integer 5
is considered equal
to an NSString
containing the text “5
”.
Expression usage
^containsValue($colorsOne|$colorsTwo|yellow)
The expression above will evaluate to true
if either $colorsOne
or
$colorsTwo
contains an item whose value is the string “yellow
”.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ setContains:
Determines whether an NSSet
contains a given object.
+ (id)setContains:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
@YES
if the input set contains the test value; @NO
otherwise.
Discussion
Because this function is optimized to work with NSSet
instances, it is
more efficient than using ^containsValue()
for the same purpose.
This function accepts two pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The set, an object expression yielding an
NSSet
instance.The test value, an object expression yielding the value whose presence within set is to be detected.
Expression usage
Assume that the MBML variable $colors
is a set containing the values “red
”,
“yellow
”, “green
”, and “blue
”:
^setContains($colors|orange)
The expression above would evaluate to false
because $colors
does not
contain the value “orange
”.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ collectionPassesTest:
Applies a boolean expression test to each member of a collection and
returns @YES
if and only if the expression test evaluates to true
for every item in the collection.
+ (id)collectionPassesTest:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
@YES
if every item in the collection passes the test; NO
otherwise.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The collection, an object expression yielding a collection instance.
The test, a boolean expression that will be used to test each value in the passed-in collection.
Note: This method tests equality using [MBExpression value:isEqualTo:]
,
not the standard isEqual:
method. This allows implicit type conversions to
occur, so that an NSNumber
containing the integer 5
is considered equal
to an NSString
containing the text “5
”.
Expression usage
^collectionPassesTest($collection|$item.length -GT 0)
The expression above would evaluate to true
if all the members of
$collection
have a length greater than 0
.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ selectFirstValue:
Selects the first non-nil
(and non-NSNull
) value from among two or
more parameters.
+ (id)selectFirstValue:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
an array containing the input parameters for the function |
|---|
Return Value
The result of performing the evaluations described above.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two or more object expressions as input parameters and returns the result of the first expression returning a valid value.
Expression usage
^selectFirstValue($dataSource|^array())
The expression above would return the value of $dataSource
if it a non-nil
/non-NSNull
value; otherwise, an empty array is returned.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ valuesPassingTest:
Evaluates a boolean test expression against each value in one or more
collections, and returns an array containing the collection values
for which test evaluates to true
.
+ (id)valuesPassingTest:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
An array containing the values in the collections for which the
test expression evaluates to true
.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two or more pipe-separated expressions yielding:
One or more data models, object expressions yielding collection instances.
The test expression, an expression that will be evaluated for each value in each passed-in data model.
The test expression can refer to the following pre-defined variables:
$item
refers to the value in a collection object that’s currently being tested.When the collection being tested is a dictionary,
$key
can be used to access the key associated with the current$item
.
Expression usage
Assume that $articles
and $videos
are collections whose values each have
a displayOrder
attribute:
^valuesPassingTest($articles|$videos|$item.displayOrder -EQ 1)
The expression above would iterate over all the values in the
$articles
and then the $videos
collection objects, and
for each value, it would perform a $item.displayOrder -EQ 1
boolean
test. Each value in $articles
and $videos
for which
the expression $item.displayOrder -EQ 1
evaluates to true
will be
placed into the array returned by the function.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ valuesIntersect:
Tests whether two collections share at least one value in common.
+ (id)valuesIntersect:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
@YES
if the two collection objects share at least one common
value, @NO
if they do not.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two pipe-separated object expressions yielding the collection objects to test.
Expression usage
Assume that $boys
is an NSSet
containing the strings “Bob
”, “Joe
” and
“Pat
”, and that $girls
is an NSSet
containing the strings “Alice
”,
“Pat
” and “Sally
”.
^valuesIntersect($boys|$girls)
The expression above would evaluate to true
because both $boys
and $girls
share a common value: the string “Pat
”.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Joining & splitting strings
+ join:
Creates a string by concatenating the string values of the elements in one or more collections, using the specified separator string between each value in the returned string.
+ (id)join:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
A string containing the string values of the items in the collections, separated by the string specified as the separator.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two or more pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
One or more collections, object expressions that evaluate to collection instances.
The separator, a string expression yielding the separator to be used between each value in the returned string.
Expression usage
Assume that $values
is an array containing the strings “string1
”,
“anotherString
”, and “lastly
”:
^join($values|, )
The expression above would yield the string “string1, anotherString, lastly
”.
See Also
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ split:
Creates an array by splitting a string on a given delimeter.
+ (id)split:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
An array containing the components of the split string.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two pipe-separated string expressions as parameters:
The delimiter, which specifies where the input string will be split.
The input string, which is the string to be split.
Expression usage:
^split(, |Evan, Jesse, Yon)
The expression above would return an array containing three elements:
“Evan
”, “Jesse
”, and “Yon
”.
See Also
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ splitLines:
Creates an array by splitting a string at newlines.
+ (id)splitLines:(NSString *)stringToSplit
Parameters
stringToSplit |
The string being split. |
|---|
Return Value
An NSArray
containing the individual lines of stringToSplit
.
Discussion
This function accepts a single Mockingbird expression, an expression yielding the string to be split.
Expression usage
Assume that $lines
is a string containing newlines:
^splitLines($lines)
The expression above would return an array containing one element for each
line in $lines
, where each element contains a single line of text (with
newlines stripped off).
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Manipulating arrays
+ appendArrays:
Returns a single array containing all the elements in the arrays specified in the input parameters.
+ (id)appendArrays:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
An array containing all of the elements in the arrays referenced by the passed-in expression parameters.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two or more pipe-separated object expressions
as parameters, where each expression yields an NSArray
instance.
Expression usage
Assume that $array1
, $array2
and $array3
resolve to array values:
^appendArrays($array1|$array2|$array3)
The expression above will evaluate to a single array, wherein the returned
array will contain all the elements of $array1
, in the same order they
appear in the array, followed by the elements of $array2
, and then those
of $array3
.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ flattenArrays:
Accepts one or more input arrays and returns a single array containing a flattened version of the contents of the input arrays.
+ (id)flattenArrays:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The flattened array.
Discussion
Flattening involves removing nested arrays such that all non-arrays contained
at any level of nesting in the input arrays will become elements in the
returned array. The returned array will contain no elements that are themselves
NSArray
instances.
Flattening is performed with a depth-first traversal of the input arrays.
This Mockingbird function accepts one or more pipe-separated object expressions
as parameters, where each expression yields an NSArray
instance.
Expression usage
Assume that $nestedArrays
refers to an array wherein each element is
another array:
^flattenArrays($nestedArrays)
The example above would return an array containing the elements of each array
contained in $nestedArrays
.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Manipulating dictionaries
+ mergeDictionaries:
Merges the keys and values contained in multiple dictionaries into a single dictionary.
+ (id)mergeDictionaries:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts at least two pipe-separated object
expressions yielding NSDictionary
instances as input parameters:
The first input dictionary
The second input dictionary
Zero or more additional input dictionaries
The return value will be the result of overlaying the values of each input dictionary parameter with the dictionary parameter that preceded it. The resulting dictionary will contain keys from all input dictionaries, and if there are any duplicate keys, the value from the right-most parameter will be selected.
For example, if second input dictionary contains a value for a key that’s also present in first input dictionary, the key/value pair from second input dictionary will overwrite the first.
Expression usage
For example, in the expression:
^mergeDictionaries($localUsers|$remoteUsers|$automatedUsers)
The dictionaries yielded by the expressions $localUsers
, $remoteUsers
and
$automatedUsers
are merged such that:
Each key/value pair in
$automatedUsers
will be present in the returned dictionaryFor each key in
$remoteUsers
not present in$automatedUsers
, the key/value in$remoteUsers
will be present in the returned dictionaryFor each key in
$localUsers
not present in$remoteUsers
or$automatedUsers
, the key/value in$localUsers
will be present in the returned dictionary
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Pruning trees
+ pruneMatchingLeaves:
Traverses an array-based tree structure, removing any leaves (non-arrays) whose values match a given test expression. The resulting pruned tree is then returned in an array.
+ (id)pruneMatchingLeaves:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The input array, an object expression yielding an
NSArray
representing the root of the tree.The test, a boolean expression that will be evaluated once for each non-array element found while traversing the tree.
The function will return a tree structure similar to the input structure, but
where all leaf elements for which test evaluates to true
have been removed.
Expression usage
Assume that $input
is an array containing two inner arrays. The first inner
array contains the strings: “Bob
”, “Joe
” and “Pat
”; the second inner
array contains: “Alice
”, “Pat
” and “Sally
”.
^pruneMatchingLeaves($input|$item -EQ Pat)
The expression above would return an array containing two inner arrays,
the first having the elements “Bob
” and “Joe
”, and the second having
the elements “Alice
” and “Sally
”.
See Also
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ pruneNonmatchingLeaves:
Traverses an array-based tree structure, removing any leaves (non-arrays) whose values do not match a given test expression. The resulting pruned tree is then returned in an array.
+ (id)pruneNonmatchingLeaves:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The input array, an object expression yielding an
NSArray
representing the root of the tree.The test, a boolean expression that will be evaluated once for each non-array element found while traversing the tree.
The function will return a tree structure similar to the input structure, but
where all leaf elements for which test evaluates to false
have been
removed.
Expression usage
Assume that $input
is an array containing two inner arrays. The first inner
array contains the strings: “Bob
”, “Joe
” and “Pat
”; the second inner
array contains: “Alice
”, “Pat
” and “Sally
”.
^pruneNonmatchingLeaves($input|$item -EQ Pat)
The expression above would return an array containing two inner arrays,
each with a single element: “Pat
”.
See Also
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Extracting data
+ filter:
Filters a data model by applying a test expression against each item in the collection.
+ (id)filter:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
An array or dictionary containing the filtered items. If the data model collection is a dictionary, the returned value will be a dictionary. Otherwise, an array will be returned.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two or more pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The data model, an object expression yielding the collection instance to be filtered.
Zero or more intermediate expressions, which are used to recurse into portions of the data model.
The test, a boolean expression used to determine which values pass through the filter.
Finally, an optional filter behavior, which can be either
matchAtLeastOnce
ormatchAll
. Note that only these text literals are acceptable values if this parameter is provided; this parameter is not evaluated as an expression. If this parameter is omitted,matchAtLeastOnce
filtering behavior will be used.
Filter behaviors
Intermediate expressions make it possible to recurse into the data model to apply the test expression to values below the top level of the data model.
As a result, when intermediate expressions are used, for any given top-level object, the test expression may be applied multiple times.
The filter behavior determines when the top-level object will pass through the filter:
matchAtLeastOnce
: If test is evaluated multiple times for a given top-level object, that object will pass through the filter if test evaluates totrue
at least once.matchAll
: If test is evaluated multiple times for a given top-level object, that object will pass through the filter only if test evaluates totrue
every time.
If no intermediate expressions are used, test will only be evaluated once for a given top-level object, so there is no effective difference between the behavior of these two options.
Expression usage
Assume that $people
is an array of data objects representing people:
^filter($people|$item.children|$item.aunt|$item.firstName -EQ Jill|matchAll)
The expression above would return all persons contained in $people
where
every aunt of every child of the person has the first name “Jill
”.
The matchAll
parameter can be omitted to return every person with at least
one child who has at least one aunt with the first name “Jill
”.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ list:
Iterates over (and potentially recurses into) the items in a collection object
holding an arbitrary data model, and returns an NSArray
containing a list of
values. The values in the returned array will reflect the ordering of any
arrays iterated; however, iterating dictionaries or sets will result in
non-deterministic ordering.
+ (id)list:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two or more pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The data model, an object expression yielding the collection object to be iterated.
Zero or more intermediate expressions, which are used to recurse into portions of the data model.
A value expression, which will be evaluated once for each item encountered while iterating the data model and recursing into any intermediate expressions.
The function will return an array containing the result of evaluating the value expression once for each item encountered while traversing the data model.
Expression usage
Assume that $states
is a dictionary where each item in the dictionary
represents a state. The key for each item is the two-letter postal code for the
state, and the value associated with each key is another dictionary containing
additional information about the state.
^list($states
|$item.citiesBySize
|$item.name, $root:key - $item.population residents)
The expression above would iterate over all the elements in the $states
dictionary, and for each state, it would then iterate over the elements
contained in the states’s cityBySize
property, which in this case is an
ordered array of cities in the state sorted by population.
For each city in each state’s cityBySize
, the returned array would
contain a string with values such as:
New York, NY - 8,391,881 residents
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ associate:
Associates a set of keys with values by iterating over (and potentially recursing into) a collection object holding an arbitrary data model. If the association would result in more than one value for a given key, the multiple values will be placed into an array.
+ (id)associate:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts three or more pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The data model, an object expression yielding a collection to be used as the source for the keys and values in the returned dictionary.
Zero or more intermediate expressions, which are used to recurse into portions of the data model.
The second-to-last expression in the input parameters is the key expression, which yields the keys contained in the returned dictionary.
The last expression is the value expression, which yields the values contained in the returned dictionary.
The intermediate, key and value expressions can refer to portions of the data model using several pre-defined variables:
$item
refers to the value of the current item in the innermost scope being iterated/recursed.When iterating the values of a dictionary, the
$key
variable can be used to access the key associated with the current$item
.$root
contains the value of the current item being iterated at the top level of the data model.When the data model collection is a dictionary,
$rootKey
will contain the key associated with the current$root
value.In addition, when intermediate expressions are used to recurse into the data model, you can refer to items and keys contained in the outer scopes using the prefix
outer:
in the variable name, such as$outer:key
or$outer:item
. This prefix can also be compounded (eg.:$outer:outer:key
) to reach different levels of scope.
Expression usage
Assume that $people
is an array of data objects representing people:
^associate($people|$item.children|$item.fullName|$root)
The expression above would iterate over all the values in $people
, and for
each person, it would then iterate over the elements contained in the person’s
children
array. For each of those children, it would create an association
between the key—the value of that child’s fullName
attribute—and the
value—the $root
item (the current person in the iteration from $people
).
In other words, the expression above would create a dictionary where the keys
are the full names of children, and the value of each key is the item in
$people
representing that child’s parent.
In the event that more than one child has a given full name, the corresponding value in the dictionary will be an array.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ associateWithSingleValue:
Associates a set of keys with values by iterating over (and potentially recursing into) a collection object holding an arbitrary data model. If the association would result in more than one value for a given key, additional values are ignored and only one value will be returned. Assume non-deterministic behavior for multiple values.
+ (id)associateWithSingleValue:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts three or more pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The data model, an object expression yielding a collection to be used as the source for the keys and values in the returned dictionary.
Zero or more intermediate expressions, which are used to recurse into portions of the data model.
The second-to-last expression in the input parameters is the key expression, which yields the keys contained in the returned dictionary.
The last expression is the value expression, which yields the values contained in the returned dictionary.
The intermediate, key and value expressions can refer to portions of the data model using several pre-defined variables:
$item
refers to the value of the current item in the innermost scope being iterated/recursed.When iterating the values of a dictionary, the
$key
variable can be used to access the key associated with the current$item
.$root
contains the value of the current item being iterated at the top level of the data model.When the data model collection is a dictionary,
$rootKey
will contain the key associated with the current$root
value.In addition, when intermediate expressions are used to recurse into the data model, you can refer to items and keys contained in the outer scopes using the prefix
outer:
in the variable name, such as$outer:key
or$outer:item
. This prefix can also be compounded (eg.:$outer:outer:key
) to reach different levels of scope.
Expression usage
Assume that $people
is an array of data objects representing people:
^associateWithSingleValue($people|$item.children|$item.fullName|$root)
The expression above would iterate over all the values in $people
, and for
each person, it would then iterate over the elements contained in the person’s
children
array. For each of those children, it would create an association
between the key—the value of that child’s fullName
attribute—and the
value—the $root
item (the current person in the iteration from $people
).
In other words, the expression above would create a dictionary where the keys
are the full names of children, and the value of each key is the item in
$people
representing that child’s parent.
Because this function associates a given key with at most one value, in the event that more than one child has a given full name, some values will be ignored.
See Also
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ associateWithArray:
Associates a set of keys with values by iterating over (and potentially recursing into) a collection object holding an arbitrary data model. The value of each key will always be an array, even if the key only maps to a single value.
+ (id)associateWithArray:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts three or more pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The data model, an object expression yielding a collection to be used as the source for the keys and values in the returned dictionary.
Zero or more intermediate expressions, which are used to recurse into portions of the data model.
The second-to-last expression in the input parameters is the key expression, which yields the keys contained in the returned dictionary.
The last expression is the value expression, which yields the values contained in the returned dictionary.
The intermediate, key and value expressions can refer to portions of the data model using several pre-defined variables:
$item
refers to the value of the current item in the innermost scope being iterated/recursed.When iterating the values of a dictionary, the
$key
variable can be used to access the key associated with the current$item
.$root
contains the value of the current item being iterated at the top level of the data model.When the data model collection is a dictionary,
$rootKey
will contain the key associated with the current$root
value.In addition, when intermediate expressions are used to recurse into the data model, you can refer to items and keys contained in the outer scopes using the prefix
outer:
in the variable name, such as$outer:key
or$outer:item
. This prefix can also be compounded (eg.:$outer:outer:key
) to reach different levels of scope.
Expression usage
Assume that $people
is an array of data objects representing people:
^associateWithArray($people|$item.children|$item.fullName|$root)
The expression above would iterate over all the values in $people
, and for
each person, it would then iterate over the elements contained in the person’s
children
array. For each of those children, it would create an association
between the key—the value of that child’s fullName
attribute—and the
value—the $root
item (the current person in the iteration from $people
).
In other words, the expression above would create a dictionary where the keys
are the full names of children, and the value of each key is the item in
$people
representing that child’s parent.
Regardless of whether or not a given key has multiple values, each key in the returned dictionary will have an array value.
See Also
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Sorting
+ sort:
Returns an array containing the sorted values of a collection object.
+ (id)sort:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts between one and three expressions as input parameters:
The data model, an object expression yielding the collection object whose sorted values are to be returned.
An optional sort key, an expression indicating the value within data model that should be used for the basis of sorting. If omitted, the default value is
$item
, meaning that the value itself should be used for sorting. Subvalues of$item
may also be specified. This parameter must be provided when the descending order specifier parameter is used.An optional descending order specifier. If this string expression yields the value “
desc
”, sorting will occur in descending order. If this parameter is omitted or if the value is anything else, sorting will occur in the default ascending order.
Note that this method sorts using MBML logical comparators, the behavior
of which differs from that of the compare:
method due to Mockingbird’s
use of implicit type conversions. The comparison mechanism used is exposed
via the [MBExpression compareLeftValue:againstRightValue:]
method.
Expression usage
Assume $buildings
represents a collection object whose members have a
height
property indicating the corresponding building’s height in feet:
^sort($buildings|$item.height|desc)
The expression above would return an array containing each item in $building
sorted from tallest to shortest.
^sort(^array(z|x|a|c|y|b))
The expression above yields the array: [“a
”, “b
”, “c
”, “x
”, “y
”,
“z
”].
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Removing duplicate values
+ unique:
Iterates over the values supplied by the passed-in enumerator, and returns an array containing the unique values encountered.
+ (id)unique:(id)param
Parameters
param |
The function’s input parameter. |
|---|
Return Value
An array containing the unique values in the input collection.
Discussion
This function accepts a single Mockingbird expression, an input collection
that is expected to yield an object conforming to the NSFastEnumeration
protocol.
The values in the returned array will be in the same order that they were supplied by the enumeration.
Expression usage
Assume that $animals
is an array with three elements: the strings “Duck
”,
“Duck
” and “Goose
”.
^unique($animals)
The expression above would return an array containing two strings: “Duck
”
and “Goose
”, in that order.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Reversing the contents of an array
+ reverse:
Returns a new NSArray
by reversing the order of the items in the passed-in
array.
+ (id)reverse:(id)param
Parameters
param |
The function’s input parameter. |
|---|
Return Value
An array containing the reversed values of the input array.
Discussion
This function accepts as a parameter a single Mockingbird object expression,
the input array, which is expected to yield an NSArray
instance.
Expression usage
Assume that $animals
is an array with three elements: the strings “Duck
”,
“Duck
” and “Goose
”.
^reverse($animals)
The expression above would return an array containing the strings “Goose
”,
“Duck
” and “Duck
” in that order.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Reducing an array of items
+ reduce:
Reduce an array of items into a single item.
+ (id)reduce:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of the reduction.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts 3 pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The source array, an object expression expected to yield an
NSArray
instanceThe initial value, an object expression yielding the initial value for the reduce operation
The combining expression, an object expression yielding the result of combining the current value with the current item in the array.
The return value is an array whose items are constructed by iterating over the source array and for each item in the array, evaluating the combining expression.
The combining expression may refer to the current reduced value using
$currentValue
. The current reduced value is the result of the previous
evaluation of the combining expression. For the first item in the source
array, the combining expression has not yet been evaluated, so the
initial value is used as $currentValue
.
Expression usage
^reduce(^arrayFilledWithIntegers(1|10)|0|#($currentValue + $item))
The expression above would return the result 55
.
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
Distributing values
+ distributeArrayElements:
Distributes the elements contained in a single input array across multiple arrays.
+ (id)distributeArrayElements:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
An array containing returned array count arrays containing the elements distributed from source array.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The source array, an object expression yielding an array.
The returned array count, a numeric expression specifying the number of arrays across which to distribute the elements in source array. This expression will be interpreted as integer, and must be
1
or greater.
The source array is iterated, and each item it contains is distributed across returned array count arrays in sequence.
The function will always return the number of arrays specified by returned array count. If source array contains fewer elements than returned array count, one or more of the returned arrays will be empty.
Expression usage
Assume that $newYorkTeams
is an array with five elements: the strings
“Yankees
”, “Mets
”, “Knicks
”, Rangers
and “Nets
” in that
order.
^distributeArrayElements($newYorkTeams|2)
The expression above would return an array containing two arrays, where the
first array contains three items (“Yankees
”, “Knicks
” and “Nets
”) and
the second array contains two (“Mets
” and “Rangers
”).
See Also
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h
+ groupArrayElements:
Groups the elements in a single array into multiple arrays.
+ (id)groupArrayElements:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
An array containing one or more group arrays.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two pipe-separated expressions as parameters:
The source array, an object expression yielding an
NSArray
.The group size, a numeric expression specifying the maximum number of items to allow in a single group. This expression will be interpreted as integer value, and must be
1
or greater.
The source array is iterated, and for each group size number of items encountered, a new group array is created containing just those items.
The return value is an array containing one or more group arrays created while iterating the source array.
Unless source array contains an exact multiple of group size number of items, the last group array will contain fewer than group size number of items.
Expression usage
Assume that $newYorkTeams
is an array with five elements: the strings
“Yankees
”, “Mets
”, “Knicks
”, Rangers
and “Nets
” in that
order.
^groupArrayElements($newYorkTeams|2)
The expression above would return an array containing three arrays, where the
first array contains two items (“Yankees
” and “Mets
”), the second array
contains two items (“Knicks
” and “Rangers
”), and the third array contains
one item (“Nets
”).
See Also
Declared In
MBMLDataProcessingFunctions.h


| a | b | c | d | a | b |
| b | c | d | a | b | c |
| c | d | a | b | c | d |
| d | a | b | c | d | a |
| a | b | c | d | a | b |
Your job is to write the program checkerboard.cpp, which reads five integers from standard input. The first four are the parameters R, C, SC and CS, as defined above. The fifth parameter is a width W. Your program should print out the specified checkerboard such that each element of the grid is printed as a (W * W) square. Here are some examples:
UNIX> ./checkerboard 5 6 a 4 1 abcdab bcdabc cdabcd dabcda abcdab UNIX> ./checkerboard 5 6 a 4 3 aaabbbcccdddaaabbb aaabbbcccdddaaabbb aaabbbcccdddaaabbb bbbcccdddaaabbbccc bbbcccdddaaabbbccc bbbcccdddaaabbbccc cccdddaaabbbcccddd cccdddaaabbbcccddd cccdddaaabbbcccddd dddaaabbbcccdddaaa dddaaabbbcccdddaaa dddaaabbbcccdddaaa aaabbbcccdddaaabbb aaabbbcccdddaaabbb aaabbbcccdddaaabbb UNIX> checkerboard 4 40 J 20 3 JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]] JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]] JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]] KKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJ KKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJ KKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJ LLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKK LLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKK LLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKK MMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLL MMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLL MMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]JJJKKKLLL UNIX> ./checkerboard 4 40 0 2 3<PHONE_NUMBER>11000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111<PHONE_NUMBER>11000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111<PHONE_NUMBER>11000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111<PHONE_NUMBER>00111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000<PHONE_NUMBER>00111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000<PHONE_NUMBER>00111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000<PHONE_NUMBER>11000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111<PHONE_NUMBER>11000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111<PHONE_NUMBER>11000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111<PHONE_NUMBER>00111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000<PHONE_NUMBER>00111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000<PHONE_NUMBER>00111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000 UNIX>Error checking: Your program should print the same output as mine on standard error if too few arguments are given, or if they are not numbers. It should exit silently if any of the parameters is less than or equal to zero, and if the ASCII value of the starting character plus the cycle size is greater than 127.
Fortunately, you're in CS140, and Sheri has offered you a quarter of her grant money to convert those files into a more palatable format. $25 isn't a huge amount of money, but you love your sister, and this shouldn't take you long, so you agree. You are to write the program moonglow.cpp which reads a file in Moonglow's format on standard input, and prints a very simple output.
Here's Moonglow's format. The text file is composed of words. If a word is a number, then that is a student's score on a question, so you add it to the student's exam score. If the word is not a number, but is the word "NAME", then the next word is the student's name (Moonglow only uses first names -- last names are corporate and impersonal). If the word is "AVERAGE", then you start reading numbers until you read a word that is not a number (or is the end of the file). You average all of those numbers and add that to the score. Since Moonglow is a little scatterbrained, sometimes a number does not follow "AVERAGE." In that case, you ignore the "AVERAGE".
When you are done reading the file, your program should print the student's name, a space, and the student's score. Just use cout for this -- nothing exciting.
UNIX> cat test-1.txt NAME Fred UNIX> ./moonglow < test-1.txt Fred 0 UNIX> cat test-2.txt NAME Dontonio 8.6 16.2 UNIX> ./moonglow < test-2.txt Dontonio 24.8 UNIX> cat test-3.txt I miss Starrlight!! 15 NAME Frank UNIX> ./moonglow < test-3.txt Frank 15 UNIX> cat test-4.txt AVERAGE 10 15 20 NAME Luther 10 Starrlite!! UNIX> ./moonglow < test-4.txt Luther 25 UNIX> cat test-5.txt NAME Baby-Daisy AVERAGE 3 4 5 6 AVERAGE 7 8 9 Where's Starrlite!! UNIX> ./moonglow < test-5.txt Baby-Daisy 12.5 UNIX> cat test-6.txt Starrlite AVERAGE Starrlite!!! NAME Starrlite AVERAGE 55 Starrlite!!! Starrlite AVERAGE Starrlite 5 6 7 UNIX> ./moonglow < test-6.txt Starrlite 73 UNIX>Some comments on the examples. First, the file doesn't have to have any scores, like test-1.txt. Second, you should use doubles and not integers. Third, the "NAME" can appear anywhere, and can be on a different line than the name, as in test-3.txt. Last, the "AVERAGE" can have zero numbers after it, as it does twice in test-6.txt. Thus, in the file, the score is 55, from the second "AVERAGE", plus 5, 6 and 7, which equals 73.
The first 30 tests are for checkerboard. The remaining 70 are for moonglow.


google.com: I think this site really differentiates itself from other search engines with its minimalistic design, while the other search engines are cluttered with ads, latest news, weather, etc. When you enter the site, the logo and a search bar draw your attention. It's straight forward and help you search for whatever you want, distraction-free. The site is well-branded, minimalistic, inviting, and simple. There isn't much content on the main page, which makes it a very practical site. So go search away! cnn.com: This news site feels very inviting, at least for me, when I enter its home page. I like the partial red and parchment-like background colors, which are easy on the eyes. The biggest news, usually accompanied by a large image, takes spotlight on the main page along with couple ads every now and then. Then, if you scroll down, you can see that it follows a grid format and it lists all other news with headliners on the left-hand side. Some are more featured and located in the middle; they include a picture and a small description. Once you scroll down even further, you will find that it has organized the news into different types of categories. The site is organized, friendly, neat, and navigable. There aren't too many ads so you can go see what's going on in the news today without too many distractions. soundcloud.com: I would describe this site as the YouTube of audio-tracks. It helps artists showcase and spread their work through social networking. The main page is made up of couple images and an audio track, which you could listen to by clicking on the play button. You can then search for a particular artist by typing in the search bar, check out music that is trending by clicking on "Explore", or sign-up to make your own account which you could use to promote your work, if you have any, or just make a playlist of songs you liked. The site is organized, simple, minimalistic, and friendly. It has been ad-free so far so go take advantage of it while it lasts.


train,
test,
random_state)
output.write(json.dumps(result) + "\n")
output.flush()
mode = sys.argv[1]
if mode == "cnn":
run_cnn(train, test, random_state)
elif mode == "pooling":
run_pooling(train, test, random_state)
else:
raise ValueError("Unknown model type")


UKCloud Knowledge Centre guidelines
If you're contributing content to the UKCloud Knowledge Centre, it's important that you follow the guidelines listed in this article.
For information about how to contribute content, see How to contribute to the UKCloud Knowledge Centre.
For a template to get you started, see UKCloud Knowledge Centre article template.
Sensitive content
Important
Content in the Knowledge Centre is available over the internet to anybody, therefore it is extremely important to ensure that articles do not contain any sensitive information, including, but not limited to, user names and sensitive IP addresses. This includes information that may be in screenshots or images. If you're unsure about whether information in the article is sensitive, consult with a subject matter expert before creating your Pull Request.
Submission of content
By submitting content you are granting UKCloud permission to use your submission in our Knowledge Centre, which is available for public consumption over the internet. In addition, you will also be identified as a contributor to the article in our public GitHub repository.
Article file naming conventions
If you're creating a new article, use the following file naming convention
<product>-<type>-<description>-<tool>.md
Note
Each word in the file name should be separated by a hyphen.
where:
product
indicates which product the topic is for. One of:Code Product Code Product azs
UKCloud for Microsoft Azure cdsz
Cross Domain Security Zone conn
Connectivity cs
Cloud Storage dc
Dedicated Compute v2 draas
Disaster Recovery as a Service email
Email and Collaboration enbl
Cloud Enablement gpu
Cloud GPU hpc
High Performance Compute man
Managed Services mcbs
Multi-Cloud Backup Services migr
Migration to the Cloud orcl
UKCloud for Oracle Software oshift
UKCloud for OpenShift ostack
UKCloud for OpenStack prc
Private Cloud ptl
UKCloud Portal sra
Secure Remote Access ps
Professional Services vmw
UKCloud for VMware For articles that do belong to a service or that apply to multiple services, use
other
type
indicates the article type. One of:Code Article type Code Article type faq
FAQs gs
Getting Started Guides home
Product home pages how
How To Guides ref
Reference Guides sco
Service Scopes sd
Service Definitions vid
Videos description
indicates the purpose of the article. Use as few words as possible and separate words with hyphens. For Reference Guides start with a noun, for How To guides start with a verb.For example:
conn-ref-<psn-core-services>.md
vmw-how-<create-vm-from-template>.md
tool
(optional) indicates if the topic is specific to a particular tool (for example, a CLI or API).For example:
ostack-how-manage-accounts-<portal>.md
azs-how-configure-<cli>.md
Metadata
If you're creating a new article, you must make sure that it includes the appropriate metadata. The metadata ensures that the article is included properly in the Knowledge Centre and helps with internet searches. Include the following metadata at the top of the article:
title: UKCloud Knowledge Centre guidelines
description: Provides guidelines for what to consider when creating and editing Knowledge Centre articles
services: other
author: A Name
reviewer:
lastreviewed: 27/07/2018 17:59:14
toc_rootlink: Reference
toc_sub1:
toc_sub2:
toc_sub3:
toc_sub4:
toc_title: Knowledge Centre guidelines
toc_fullpath: Reference/other-ref-knowledge-guidelines.md
toc_mdlink: other-ref-knowledge-guidelines.md
title
This is the full title of the article and will appear in the browser title bar.
description
This is a description of the content of the article. Provide information here that will help target the article in internet searches.
services
This is the service to which the article belongs. One of:
| Metadata value | Product | Metadata value | Product |
|---|---|---|---|
azure-stack |
UKCloud for Microsoft Azure | cdsz |
Cross Domain Security Zone |
connectivity |
Connectivity | cloud-storage |
Cloud Storage |
dedicated-compute |
Dedicated Compute v2 | draas |
Disaster Recovery as a Service |
email |
Email and Collaboration | enablement |
Cloud Enablement |
gpu |
Cloud GPU | hpc |
High Performance Compute |
managed-services |
Managed Services | mcbs |
Multi-Cloud Backup Services |
migration |
Migration to the Cloud | openshift |
UKCloud for OpenShift |
openstack |
UKCloud for OpenStack | oracle |
UKCloud for Oracle Software |
portal |
UKCloud Portal | private-cloud |
Private Cloud |
sra |
Secure Remote Access | pro-services |
Professional Services |
vmware |
UKCloud for VMware |
For articles that do belong to a service or that apply to multiple services, use other
author
This is the name of the person who created the article.
reviewer
This is the name of the person who most recently reviewed the article in its entirety.
lastreviewed
This is the date when the article was most recently reviewed in its entirety.
rootlink
Mandatory. For most articles, the rootlink will be the article type. One of:
About
Getting Started
How To
Reference
FAQs
Blueprints
Service Scopes
| Metadata value | Article type | Metadata value | Article type |
|---|---|---|---|
About |
Product home pages | FAQs |
FAQs |
Getting Started |
Getting Started Guides | How To |
How To Guides |
Reference |
Reference Guides | Service Scope |
Service Scopes |
Service Definition |
Service Definitions | Videos |
Videos |
Note
For UKCloud for Microsoft Azure articles, the rootlink
is either Users
for articles intended for tenants or Operators
for articles intended for service providers. Use the toc_sub1
metadata tag to identify the article type.
For Managed Services, the rootlink
is the name of the product. Use the toc_sub1
metadata tag to identify the article type.
toc sub1, toc sub2, etc
The toc_sub1
metadata tag enables you to categorise articles within the root level to group them into related articles. This is useful if the product has lots of articles of the same type.
Note
For UKCloud for Microsoft Azure and Managed Services articles, toc_sub1
should be the article type as listed in rootlink.
You can use toc_sub2
, toc_sub3
and so on to further categorise articles, but it is not recommended to go too many levels deep.
toc title
Mandatory. This is the title of the article as it will appear in the product topic list. Due to the restricted width of the topic list, the TOC title should not be too long, so consider shortening the full title if appropriate. For How To Guides, remove the initial How to and start with the verb. For example, for the topic How to create a virtual machine from the Azure Marketplace, you could set the TOC title to Create a virtual machine
.
fullpath
This is the full path of the article within the product topic list. For example:
Getting Started/vmw-gs.md
How To/vmw-how-create-vapp.md
Users/Getting Started/azs-gs.md
mdlink
Mandatory. This is the file name of the article. This must exactly match the file name (see Article file naming conventions) and include the .md
extension.
Images
If you add images to the article, .png
is the preferred file format.
Note
You should make sure that you are not violating any copyright laws with any images that you add.
You should make sure that images, especially screenshots, do not contain any sensitive data, such as user names or IP addresses.
Image location
Put images in an images
folder below the main product folder.
Image file naming conventions
File names for images in Knowledge Centre articles should use the following file naming convention:
<product>-<tool>-<ui>-<description>.png
Note
Each word in the file name should be separated by a hyphen.
where:
product
indicates which product the image is for (see Article file naming conventions for a list of products).tool
(optional) indicates the tool the image is depicting. This will be different for each product.For example,
vmw-<vcd>-add-dhcp-pool-adv.png
,ostack-<horizon>-create-network.png
ui
(optional) indicates the UI element the image is depicting, for example,for a menu, for a button, for a tab. For example,
vmw-vcd-<btn>-add-static-route.png
description
indicates the purpose of the image. Use as few words as possible and separate words with hyphens.For example:
vmw-portal-<build-compute-service>.png
Markdown for images
To insert an image into an article use the following markdown:
![Alt text](images/image-file-name.png)
Alt text is a short bit of text that is used by screen readers to provide a description of what the image is showing.
Other markdown
You should write your article using GitHub markdown. For more information, see Basic writing and formatting syntax.
As we use DocFX to generate our Knowledge Centre web pages, you can also use DocFX markdown to add additional features to your articles. Specifically, we use DocFX markdown to highlight notes, tips and warnings:
For tips
Markdown:
> [!TIP]
> This is a tip, which provides helpful information for working with a product.
Looks like:
Tip
This is a tip, which provides helpful information for working with a product.
For notes
Markdown:
> [!NOTE]
> This is a note, which provides important information.
Looks like:
Note
This is a note, which provides important information.
For important notes
Markdown:
> [!IMPORTANT]
> This is an important note, which requires particular attention.
Looks like:
Important
This is an important note, which requires particular attention.
For warnings
Markdown:
> [!WARNING]
> This is a warning, which provides users with information about something which could cause significant issues if ignored.
Looks like:
Warning
This is a warning, which provides users with information about something which could cause significant issues if ignored.
Feedback
If you find a problem with this article, click Improve this Doc to make the change yourself or raise an issue in GitHub. If you have an idea for how we could improve any of our services, send an email to feedback@ukcloud.com.


API Interface
API End Point Summary
Description and overview of table data.
Second paragraph
| Method | Kind | Description | |
| endPoint1 | POST | JSON Packet | Requests data about 1 |
| endPoint2 | POST | JSON Packet | Requests data about 2 |
| endPoint3 | GET | URI | Requests data about 1 |
endPoint1
This is something about endpoint1
Command Access endPoint1
PS Y:\CSS> git push Enumerating objects: 6, done. Counting objects: 100% (6/6), done. Delta compression using up to 16 threads Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 664 bytes | 39.00 KiB/s, done. Total 5 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 To github.com:7045kHz/css.git 602cfee..d8f9856 main -> main
ul test
- a
- b
- c
- d
ol test
- list1 a
- list1 b
- list1 c


Vim documentation: pi_paren
main help file*pi_paren.txt* For Vim version 7.2. Last change: 2008 Jun 16 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar Highlighting matching parens *matchparen* The functionality mentioned here is a |standard-plugin|. This plugin is only available if 'compatible' is not set. You can avoid loading this plugin by setting the "loaded_matchparen" variable: :let loaded_matchparen = 1 The plugin installs CursorMoved, CursorMovedI and WinEnter autocommands to redefine the match highlighting. *:NoMatchParen* *:DoMatchParen* To disable the plugin after it was loaded use this command: :NoMatchParen And to enable it again: :DoMatchParen The highlighting used is MatchParen. You can specify different colors with the ":highlight" command. Example: :hi MatchParen ctermbg=blue guibg=lightblue The characters to be matched come from the 'matchpairs' option. You can change the value to highlight different matches. Note that not everything is possible. For example, you can't highlight single or double quotes, because the start and end are equal. The syntax highlighting attributes are used. When the cursor currently is not in a string or comment syntax item, then matches inside string and comment syntax items are ignored. Any syntax items with "string" or "comment" somewhere in their name are considered string or comment items. The search is limited to avoid a delay when moving the cursor. The limits are: - What is visible in the window. - 100 lines above or below the cursor to avoid a long delay when there are closed folds. - 'synmaxcol' times 2 bytes before or after the cursor to avoid a delay in a long line with syntax highlighting. If you would like the |%| command to work better, the matchit plugin can be used, see |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip matches in comments. This is unrelated to the matchparen highlighting, they use a different mechanism.
top - main help file


Pomofocus
Setting
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WORKING ON
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{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block body %} {% if not goals %}
there are no goals
there are no entries


I will start with example, what parts are invloved when we access certain webpage.It consist of,
Server - Its a computer which host website. Website is made from HTML language. It contains images, notes, audio or video, etc.
PC - Its a computer from where client access website, by using application like IE, Firefox, Chrome.
HTML - Its protocol which talks between client & server, so that webpage could be viewed by client in IE, Firefox.
Internet - Its final and important part of all, it connects two machine like PC & Server. So that they could talk to each other.
To better understand, take an analogy of house as a webpage. In it HTML will be like walls, kitchens, it will tell where is your kitchen, living room etc. Then CSS will add style to like coloring your walls, and other items which makes home look good.
For better and quicker understanding of HTML page structure; let's consider popular website Wikipedia. When opened in web browser Google Chrome, using Developer tool will show structure of webpage. Its called DOM abbrevation for Document object model. It's also called "Tree Structure", representation in hierarchical structure of web page.
From above observation of Wikipedia, webpage structure made of boxes, big boxes, small boxes within it. Thats how HTML page is constructed. Advantage of doing it that way, we can formal particular section as per our need, move it to other location easily without working on each element in that box. It saves lot of time. This is done by using HTML tag DIV.
There are several advantages of these boxes. When you have design along with some text material and you have fit that into webpage; boxes helps lot. Cut down page into separate big boxes, then further cutting down those individual boxes into another small boxes as per requirement, for example if have images in it.
In starting we discussed how internet works, webpages are made using HTML. Two HTML's main components, TAGs & Elements. Later session covered how HTML, CSS, etc comes together and adds more features to webpage. Using developer tools in browser we can view DOM (Document Object Model) also called Tree Structure. Finally Boxes and how HTML pages is divided into boxes.


The PHP Extension and Application Repository (or PEAR for short) contains re-usable code. The PEAR core has been preinstalled (Module ZeroXIII_pear_1_0_2) this page covers the PEAR Web Frontend Open PEAR Web FrontendYou can access the web-front-end at any time using either of the following methods:
Using PEAR FrontendOpen the PEAR front-end using one of the methods explaind above. Installing PEAR packages is very easy. To confirm our PEAR installation is working and to demonstrate how to install packages, we will be using a package named HTML_QuickForm Update the Channel Management system
Downloading modules
Form - Test ScriptCreate a new text file named form.php with the following content and save to folder UniServerZ\www <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Pear HTML_QuickForm test</title> </head> <body> <?php require_once "HTML/QuickForm.php"; $form = new HTML_QuickForm('frmTest', 'get'); $form->addElement('header', 'MyHeader', 'Testing QuickForm'); $form->addElement('text', 'MyTextBox', 'What is your name?'); $form->addElement('reset', 'btnClear', 'Clear'); $form->addElement('submit', 'btnSubmit', 'Submit'); $form->display(); ?> </body> </html>
Where to nextBackground information for installing Pear: PHP - PEAR Auto Install go-pear - This page covers using go-pear that automats the installation process. PHP - PEAR Manual Install - This page covers manual PEAR installation. |


#include <html_css_js_util.hpp>
|
| static std::string | on_load_js (std::basic_string< char > &request_server_addr) |
| |
| static std::string | render (std::basic_string< char > request_server_addr) |
| |
A utility class implementing separation-of-concerns for the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript assets of the camera settings user interface.
- See also
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concerns
◆ on_load_js()
| std::string html_css_js_util::on_load_js |
( |
std::basic_string< char > & |
request_server_addr | ) |
|
|
static |
The JavaScript on-load event handler for the camera settings user interface.
- Parameters
-
| request_server_addr | The IP address of the WebSocket server in IPv4 dotted-quad notation. |
- Returns
- JavaScript
◆ render()
| static std::string html_css_js_util::render |
( |
std::basic_string< char > |
request_server_addr | ) |
|
|
static |
◆ body_html
| const std::string html_css_js_util::body_html |
|
static |
The HTML body for the camera settings user interface.
- Returns
- HTML
◆ camera_settings_js
| const std::string html_css_js_util::camera_settings_js |
|
static |
The JavaScript user interface for the camera settings.
- Returns
- JavaScript
◆ css
| const std::string html_css_js_util::css |
|
static |
◆ flat_buffers_js
| const std::string html_css_js_util::flat_buffers_js |
|
static |
The FlatBuffers JavaScript interface library.
- Returns
- JavaScript
◆ motion_camera_settings_generated_js
| const std::string html_css_js_util::motion_camera_settings_generated_js |
|
static |
The FlatBuffers generated JavaScript interface for the camera settings user interface.
- Returns
- JavaScript
◆ page_head_html
| const std::string html_css_js_util::page_head_html |
|
static |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


Text-Input E-MailAfter Password First name Last name Street City Simple text input Text area Submit Reset
Select box OptionOption 1Option 2 Checkboxes This is a checkbox This is a pre-selected checkbox Radio buttons Exclusive choice 1 Exclusive choice 2 Vertical radio buttons Another exclusive choice 1 Another exclusive choice 2 Example login-form @ ••• Login


Press the button to try out making multiple queries at once
Async
Honda Query
Acura Query
Toyota Query


{% load static %}
Create New Trip
Welcome, {{this_user.first_name}}!
Home
New Trip
New Trail
Log Out
Create a Trip!
Recommended Food
water, dehydrated foods, trail mix, nuts, bars, beef jerky, dried fruits, instant coffee, tea, sandwich supplies...
Recommended Gear
Backpack, boots, weather-appropriate clothing, first- aid, knife, multitool, emergency kit, watch, sunscreen, bug spray, sunglasses...
{% if messages %}
{% for message in messages %}
{{ message }}
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Merge Conflicts
Command Line Interface
When using Git in a team, it's inevitable that a merge conflict will arise eventually.
Merge conflicts occur when trying to pull in updates to your local branch
or when merging in another branch.
Git tries to automatically integrate differences between the branches,
but sometimes it's not clear to Git which side is correct.
Rather than making an assumption about what the correct change is,
Git will throw a merge conflict.
Some instances may result in multiple merge conflicts.
It's up to the user to resolve these merge conflicts before moving on.
It's important to understand both how a merge conflict can arise and how to resolve one.
This section presents a simple scenario of how a merge conflict may present itself.
It also addresses strategies for merge conflict resolution.
Note the arrow(s) in the bottom-right corner that controls navigation through the lesson. You may also navigate by pressing ESC and using the arrow keys.
How Merge Conflicts Arise
Let's first consider how merge conflicts arise.
They typically occur when multiple developers touch the same file.
How Merge Conflicts Arise
Team Lead
In this scenario, Darth Vader is tasking his team with various upgrades to his Death Star. First, though, he writes a file himself.
How Merge Conflicts Arise
In the new file Darth Vader has created,
he has included a few variables indicating characteristics of the Death Star.
He tests his code out and pushes to the master branch once all tests pass.
He then divvies out some tasks to his other team members.
How Merge Conflicts Arise
He has given out two tasks. One to write code for the maneuvering of the Death Star throughout the galaxy, and another for real-time monitoring of weapon metrics. Vader may or may not realize it, but it is likely that both tasks will require editing of the same file.
How Merge Conflicts Arise
While it would be ideal that either (A) team members communicate with each other about this beforehand, or (B) are instructed to do so by the team lead, workflows do not always present themselves that nicely. In this scenario, let’s assume the worst.
How Merge Conflicts Arise
Boba Fett
Boba Fett adds a maneuvering method to the Death Star code. Notice that he has changed the known radius of the Death Star from 160 km to 140 km. We can’t be sure if this was by accident or through some knowledge that was gained in the development process.
How Merge Conflicts Arise
Jawa
The Jawa also progresses in its work on weapon metrics. Oddly, though, the Jawa has also changed the radius of the Death Star -- from 160 km to 150 km. Both developers changed the same line. This sort of conflict will cause a merge conflict in Git. This is common when developers work within the same file.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Initial State
Let's consider the repository that Obi-Wan and Chewbacca have been building for the Republic.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Initial State
As we can see, both Obi-Wan and Chewbacca have made updates to the README. This could cause conflicts, though it’s not always guaranteed. If Obi-Wan and Chewbacca worked on uniquely different pieces of the code for the same file, then it is no problem. If they worked on the same pieces of code – or even intertwined pieces of code - then this will certainly result in a merge conflict.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Pulling in Changes from Another Branch
Let’s pull Chewbacca’s latest changes into Obi-Wan’s development branch.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
The Conflict Warning
Uh oh – there was a merge conflict. This is the pop-up you will see when that happens.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
In a Conflicted State
You will see the merge conflict in the bottom right, while in a conflicted state.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Analyzing the Conflict
SourceTree helps by showing the contents of the file, which we can use to understand what problems arose. We see that the file has additions, which include some weird things like angular brackets, HEAD, and a long hexadecimal number.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Analyzing the Conflict
- The angular brackets indicate the beginning and end of a conflicted segment.
-
The equal signs separate the code from the two branches
- The top half is from the branch you are merging into (e.g. dev_obiwan)
- The bottom half is from the branch you are pulling changes from (e.g. dev_chewbacca)
- The long hexadecimal number indicates the commit from which you are pulling changes
- Multiple merge conflict points can exist within a single file
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Analyzing the Conflict
To resolve this conflict, you must decide what the end result should be. This may require discussing it with the other developer or even the team lead. For the sake of this example, let’s say we want to include both sentences added by Obi-Wan and Chewbacca.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Resolving the Conflict - Option 1: Manually
Just open the file and edit it yourself
Often times this is the easiest option for small conflicts, but may not be for larger, more complex conflicts. When you edit the file, you will need to remove all lines that Git added that begin with:
<<<<<<< or ======= or >>>>>>>
These are the lines that Git added for marking the merge conflict.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Resolving the Conflict - Option 2: You or Them
Select either all of yours or all of theirs.
From the menu, select Action > Resolve Conflicts
Beware that selecting all of yours or theirs will completely ignore changes from the other party!
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Resolving the Conflict - Option 3: External Editor
Set up SourceTree to open an external editor for merging.
Do this by first going into SourceTree’s preferences and setting the merge tool to whatever you would like it to be. Once complete, select Action > Resolve Conflicts > Launch External Merge Tool
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Stage the Fix
Here we have elected to edit the file ourselves.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Complete the Merge
The file has been staged, so now let’s complete the merge by committing.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Merge Brief
When commiting a merge (whether it was ever conflicted or not), Git automatically creates a merge briefing. You can edit this message if you'd like, though it's not common or necessary.
How to Resolve Merge Conflicts
Merge Conflict Resolved and Committed
You have successfully resolved a merge conflict on SourceTree!


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import config.AppConfig @this() @()(implicit messages: Messages, appConfig: AppConfig)
@messages("VatCertificateCard.info")


66 data sets that were imported using read.table() where appropriate but more commonly after converting to a csv file for importing via read.csv().
| Version: | 0.11 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.14.0) |
| Published: | 2014-12-01 |
| Author: | A. Jonathan R. Godfrey [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | A. Jonathan R. Godfrey <a.j.godfrey at massey.ac.nz> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | MindOnStats results |
| Reference manual: | MindOnStats.pdf |
| Package source: | MindOnStats_0.11.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: MindOnStats_0.11.zip, r-release: MindOnStats_0.11.zip, r-oldrel: MindOnStats_0.11.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: MindOnStats_0.11.tgz, r-oldrel: MindOnStats_0.11.tgz |
| Old sources: | MindOnStats archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MindOnStats to link to this page.


Volunteers List
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Paper: arXiv
Slides: PDF
Authors: Shaojin Ding *, Quan Wang *, Shuo-yiin Chang, Li Wan, Ignacio Lopez Moreno. (*: Equal contribution.)
Abstract: In this paper, we propose "personal VAD", a system to detect the voice activity of a target speaker at the frame level. This system is useful for gating the inputs to a streaming on-device speech recognition system, such that it only triggers for the target user, which helps reduce the computational cost and battery consumption, especially in scenarios where a keyword detector is unpreferable. We achieve this by training a VAD-alike neural network that is conditioned on the target speaker embedding or the speaker verification score. For each frame, personal VAD outputs the probabilities for three classes: non-speech, target speaker speech, and non-target speaker speech. Under our optimal setup, we are able to train a model with only 130K parameters that outperforms a baseline system where individually trained standard VAD and speaker recognition networks are combined to perform the same task.
System architecture:
Lectures:
Citation:
@inproceedings{Ding2020,
author={Shaojin Ding and Quan Wang and Shuo-Yiin Chang and Li Wan and Ignacio {Lopez Moreno}},
title={{Personal VAD: Speaker-Conditioned Voice Activity Detection}},
year=2020,
booktitle={Proc. Odyssey 2020 The Speaker and Language Recognition Workshop},
pages={433--439},
doi={10.21437/Odyssey.2020-62},
url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/Odyssey.2020-62}
}


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Unit Conversion
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:the usually dark brown color of the fur of the sable


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