Glossary¶
The Glossary provides short definitions of MNE-Python-specific vocabulary and general neuroimaging concepts. If you think a term is missing, please consider creating a new issue or opening a pull request to add it.
- annotations
An annotation is defined by an onset, a duration, and a string description. It can contain information about the experiments, but also details on signals marked by a human: bad data segments, sleep scores, sleep events (spindles, K-complex) etc. An
Annotations
object is a container of multiple annotations. SeeAnnotations
page for the API of the corresponding object class and Function Annotations for a tutorial on how to manipulate such objects.- Beamformer
Beamformer is a popular source estimation approach that uses a set of spatial filters (beamformer weights) to compute time courses of sources which coordinates are predefined. See
mne.beamformer.Beamformer
.- BEM
BEM is the acronym for boundary element method or boundary element model. Both are related to the forward model computation and more specifically the definion of the conductor model. The boundary element model consists of surfaces such as the inner skull, outer skull and outer skin (a.k.a. scalp) that define compartments of tissues of the head. You can compute the BEM surfaces with
mne.bem.make_watershed_bem()
ormne.bem.make_flash_bem()
. See Head model and forward computation for usage demo.- channels
Channels refer to MEG sensors, EEG electrodes or any extra electrode or sensor such as EOG, ECG or sEEG, ECoG etc. Channels usually have a type, such as gradiometer, and a unit, such as Tesla/Meter that is used in the code base, e.g. for plotting. See also data channels.
- data channels
Many functions in MNE operate by default on “data channels”.  The set of channels considered “data channels” in MNE is (along with their typical scale factors for plotting, as they are stored in objects in SI units):
'mag'
: Magnetometers (scaled by 1e+15 to plot in fT)'grad'
: Gradiometers (scaled by 1e+13 to plot in fT/cm)'eeg'
: EEG (scaled by 1e+06 to plot in µV)'csd'
: Current source density (scaled by 1000 to plot in mV/m²)'seeg'
: sEEG (scaled by 1000 to plot in mV)'ecog'
: ECoG (scaled by 1e+06 to plot in µV)'hbo'
: Oxyhemoglobin (scaled by 1e+06 to plot in µM)'hbr'
: Deoxyhemoglobin (scaled by 1e+06 to plot in µM)'fnirs_cw_amplitude'
: fNIRS (CW amplitude) (scaled by 1 to plot in V)'fnirs_od'
: fNIRS (OD) (scaled by 1 to plot in V)
- DICS
Dynamic Imaging of Coherent Sources, a method for computing source power in different frequency bands. see Compute source power using DICS beamformer and
mne.beamformer.make_dics()
.- digitization
Digitization is a procedure of recording the headshape of a subject and the fiducial coils (or HPI) and/or eeg electrodes locations on the subject’s head. They are represented as a set of points in a 3D space. See Reading sensor digitization files and Supported formats for digitized 3D locations.
- dipole
- dSPM
Dynamic statistical parametric mapping (abbr.
dSPM
) gives a noise- normalized minimum-norm estimate at a given source location. dSPM is calculated by dividing the activity estimate at each source location by the baseline standard deviation of the noise.- eLORETA and sLORETA
eLORETA and sLORETA (exact and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) are linear source estimation techniques, as are dSPM or MNE. sLORETA outputs standardized values (like dSPM does), while eLORETA outputs normalized current estimates. See
mne.minimum_norm.apply_inverse()
, Source localization with MNE/dSPM/sLORETA/eLORETA, and Compute sLORETA inverse solution on raw data.- epochs
Epochs (sometimes called “trials” in other software packages) are equal-length spans of data extracted from raw continuous data. Usually, epochs are extracted around stimulus events or subject responses, though sometimes sequential or overlapping epochs are extracted (e.g., for analysis of resting-state activity). See
Epochs
for the API of the corresponding object class, and The Epochs data structure: discontinuous data for a narrative overview.- equivalent current dipole
An equivalent current dipole (ECD) is an approximate representation of post-synaptic activity in a small region of cortex. The intracellular currents that give rise to measurable EEG/MEG signals are thought to originate in populations of cortical pyramidal neurons aligned perpendicularly to the cortical surface. Because the length of such current sources is very small relative to the distance between the cortex and the EEG/MEG sensors, the fields measured by the techniques are well-approximated by (i.e., “equivalent” to) fields generated by idealized point sources (dipoles) located on the cortical surface.
- events
Events correspond to specific time points in raw data; e.g., triggers, experimental condition events, etc. MNE represents events with integers that are stored in numpy arrays of shape (n_events, 3). Such arrays are classically obtained from a trigger channel, also referred to as stim channel.
- evoked
Evoked data are obtained by averaging epochs. Typically, an evoked object is constructed for each subject and each condition, but it can also be obtained by averaging a list of evoked over different subjects. See
EvokedArray
for the API of the corresponding object class, and The Evoked data structure: evoked/averaged data for a narrative overview.- fiducial point
There are three fiducial (a.k.a. cardinal) points: the left preauricular point (LPA), the right preauricular point (RPA) and the nasion.
- first_samp
The
first_samp
attribute ofRaw
objects is an integer representing the number of time samples that passed between the onset of the hardware acquisition system and the time when data started to be recorded to disk. This approach to sample numbering is a peculiarity of VectorView MEG systems, but for consistency it is present in allRaw
objects regardless of the source of the data. In other words,first_samp
will be0
inRaw
objects loaded from non-VectorView data files.- forward solution
The forward solution (abbr.
fwd
) is a linear operator capturing the relationship between each dipole location in the source space and the corresponding field distribution measured by the sensors (A.K.A., the “lead field matrix”). Calculating a forward solution requires a conductivity model of the head, encapsulating the geometry and electrical conductivity of the different tissue compartments (see boundary element model andmne.bem.ConductorModel
).- GFP
Global Field Power (abbr.
GFP
) is a measure of the (non-)uniformity of the electromagnetic field at the sensors. It is typically calculated as the standard deviation of the sensor values at each time point; thus it is a one-dimensional time series capturing the spatial variability of the signal across sensor locations.-  Each coil emits a sinusoidal signal of a different frequency, which is picked up by the MEG sensors and can be used to infer the head position. With cHPI, the sinusoidal signals are typically set at frequencies above any neural signal of interest, and thus can be removed after head position correction via low-pass filtering. See Extracting and visualizing subject head movement.- info
Also called
measurement info
, it is a collection of metadata regarding a Raw, Epochs or Evoked object; e.g., channel locations and types, sampling frequency, preprocessing history such as filters … See The Info data structure for a narrative overview.- inverse operator
The inverse operator is an \(M \times N\) matrix (\(M\) source locations by \(N\) sensors) that, when applied to the sensor signals, yields estimates of the brain activity that gave rise to the observed sensor signals. Inverse operators are available for the linear inverse methods MNE, dSPM, sLORETA and eLORETA. See
mne.minimum_norm.apply_inverse()
.- label
A
Label
refers to a region in the cortex, also often called a region of interest (ROI) in the literature.- layout
A
Layout
gives sensor positions in 2 dimensions (defined byx
,y
,width
, andheight
values for each sensor). It is primarily used for illustrative purposes (i.e., making diagrams of approximate sensor positions in top-down diagrams of the head, so-called topographies or topomaps).- LCMV beamformer
Linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer, which attempts to estimate activity for a given source while suppressing cross-talk from other regions, see
mne.beamformer.make_lcmv()
.- maximum intensity projection
A method of displaying activity within some volume by, for each pixel, finding the maximum value along vector from the viewer to the pixel (i.e., along the vector pependicular to the view plane).
- minimum-norm estimation
Minimum-norm estimation (abbr.
MNE
) can be used to generate a distributed map of activation on a source space, usually on a cortical surface. MNE uses a linear inverse operator to project sensor measurements into the source space. The inverse operator is computed from the forward solution for a subject and an estimate of the noise covariance of sensor measurements.- montage
EEG channel names and the relative positions of the sensor w.r.t. the scalp. While layout are 2D locations, montages give 3D locations. A montage can also contain locations for HPI points, fiducial points, or extra head shape points. See
DigMontage
for the API of the corresponding object class.- morphing
Morphing refers to the operation of transferring source estimates from one anatomy to another. It is commonly referred as realignment in fMRI literature. This operation is necessary for group studies (to get the data in a common space for statistical analysis). See Morphing and averaging source estimates for more details.
- noise covariance
Noise covariance is a matrix that contains the covariance between data channels. It is a square matrix with shape
n_channels
\(\times\)n_channels
. It is especially useful when working with multiple sensor types (e.g. EEG and MEG). It is in practice estimated from baseline periods or empty room measurements. The matrix also provides a noise model that can be used for subsequent analysis like source imaging.- pick
An integer that is the index of a channel in the measurement info. It allows to obtain the information on a channel in the list of channels available in
info['chs']
.- projector
A projector (abbr.
proj
), also referred to as Signal Space Projection (SSP), defines a linear operation applied spatially to EEG or MEG data. You can see this as a matrix multiplication that reduces the rank of the data by projecting it to a lower dimensional subspace. Such a projection operator is applied to both the data and the forward operator for source localization. Note that EEG average referencing can be done using such a projection operator. It is stored in the measurement info ininfo['projs']
.- raw
It corresponds to continuous data (preprocessed or not). One typically manipulates raw data when reading recordings in a file on disk. See
RawArray
for the API of the corresponding object class, and The Raw data structure: continuous data for a narrative overview.- selection (abbr. sel)
A set of picks. E.g., all sensors included in a Region of Interest.
- source estimates (abbr.
stc
) Source estimates, commonly referred to as STC (Source Time Courses), are obtained from source localization methods, such as dSPM, sLORETA, LCMV or MxNE. It contains the amplitudes of the sources over time. An STC object only stores the amplitudes of activations but not the locations of the sources. To get access to the locations you need to have the source space used to compute the forward operator. See
SourceEstimate
,VolSourceEstimate
VectorSourceEstimate
,MixedSourceEstimate
, for the API of the corresponding object classes.- source space
A source space (abbr.
src
) specifies where in the brain one wants to estimate the source amplitudes. It corresponds to locations of a set of candidate equivalent current dipoles (ECD). MNE mostly works with source spaces defined on the cortical surfaces estimated by FreeSurfer from a T1-weighted MRI image. See Head model and forward computation to read on how to compute a forward operator on a source space. SeeSourceSpaces
for the API of the corresponding object class.- stim channel
A stim channel, a.k.a. trigger channel, is a channel that encodes events during the recording. It is typically a channel that is usually zero and takes positive values when something happens (such as the onset of a stimulus, or a subject response). Stim channels are often prefixed with
STI
to distinguish them from other channel types. See What is a STIM channel? for more details.- trans
A coordinate frame affine transformation, usually between the Neuromag head coordinate frame and the MRI Surface RAS coordinate frame used by Freesurfer.
- whitening
A linear operation that transforms data with a known covariance structure into “whitened data” which has a covariance structure that is the identity matrix (i.e., it creates virtual channels that are uncorrelated and have unit variance).
The term “whitening” comes from the fact that light with a flat frequency spectrum in the visible range is white, whereas non-uniform frequency spectra lead to perception of different colors (e.g., “pink noise” has a
1/f
characteristic, which for visible light would appear pink).


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Create a tag from a particular commit git / github
- Create a tag from a particular commit and give some message to the tag
git tag -a v1.0.0 fg3ab1b -m "Tagged the first commit with v1.0.0"
- Verify that the tag is created and all the previous tags
git tag -n
- push the tag to remote
git push origin v1.0.0


J.C. Penney quarterly loss smaller than expected, shares rise
J.C. Penney Co Inc on Friday reported a smaller-than-expected quarterly loss, as the struggling retailer benefited from lower advertising expenses and an increase in margins, sending its shares up nearly 14per cent.
REUTERS: J.C. Penney Co Inc on Friday reported a smaller-than-expected quarterly loss, as the struggling retailer benefited from lower advertising expenses and an increase in margins, sending its shares up nearly 14per cent.
To appeal to today's modern shopper, the 117-year-old retailer has partnered with resale clothing company thredUP and is also testing a new store to attract customers with everything from a yoga studio, a videogame lounge and lifestyle workshops.
The efforts are a part of Chief Executive Officer Jill Soltau's strategy to turn around the business, after it faced years of falling sales in a changing retail landscape following Amazon.com Inc's entry.
"We are beginning to see results – both in our numbers and how we operate as a business," Soltau said in a statement on Friday.
J.C. Penney's rivals, including Macy's and Nordstrom Inc , are also looking to bring in shoppers to new stores with cafes, donut shops, fine-dining restaurants and full bars with Instagrammable views.
Excluding one-time items, J.C. Penney reported a loss of 30 cents per share, smaller than the average analyst estimate of a loss of 55 cents.
The company said net loss narrowed to US$93 million, or 29 cents per share, in the quarter ended Nov. 2, from US$151 million, or 48 cents per share, a year earlier.
J.C. Penney's total revenue fell 8.5per cent to US$2.5 billion in the third quarter.
The company also said it now expects its adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization for the year to exceed US$475 million, compared with its prior outlook of US$440 million to US$475 million.
(Reporting by Nivedita Balu in Bengaluru and Melissa Fares in New York; Editing by Maju Samuel)


Hey! My name is Palvit Sharma. I am a Web Development student at Coding Blocks,Noida. Currently, I am pursuing my B.E in Computer Science from Chitkara University,Punjab. I have a very kneen interest in WebDev Technologies like HTML,CSS,JavaScript,Bootstrap,etc.
| Patatap Clone |
| Tic Tac Toe |
| Dandrum |
| HTML |
| CSS |
| JavaScript |
| C++ |


Teaching
Virtual Course
Mathematical Structuralism a la Grothendieck
This is a course aiming at all mathematics and computer science students, covering some parts of modern mathematics from a logical, synthetic structural point of view. It starts with some category theory as the language of mathematical structuralism. Then, it moves to point-free topology and its higher-order versions, Grothendieck toposes and higher toposes to finally reach synthetic functorial geometry and abstract homotopy theory.
Utrecht University
-
Logic and Computation, for Master Students in AI, (together with R. Iemhoff, R. Jalali), Winter 2021. Lecture notes
-
Logic and Computation, for Master Students in AI, (together with R. Iemhoff), Fall 2019.
University of Tehran
- Homotopy Type Theory, January - March 2020
- Geometry via Logic II, January-March 2020
- Geometry via Logic, January-March 2019, [On point-free topology and its higher version, i.e., Grothendieck toposes], References
- Category Theory, A Preliminary Course, January 2019
- Topos Theory, November-December 2018 [On topos theory from the algebraic set theory perspective]
- Proof Theory of Arithmetic, August-September 2018
- Martin Lof Type Theory, December 2017-January 2018
Charles University, Prague
- Bounded Arithmetic and Computational Complexity, Student Logic Seminar, Fall 2015


|
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object Activity com.blogspot.applications4android.comicreader.core.ComicActivity com.blogspot.applications4android.comicreader.ActivityComicSelector
public class ActivityComicSelector
Activity to select your favorite comics
| Nested Class Summary | |
|---|---|
static class |
ActivityComicSelector.EfficientAdapter
adapter class for efficient traversal of list items displayed in the main activity |
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
protected static ComicClassList |
mList
comic list |
protected static com.blogspot.applications4android.comicreader.ActivityComicSelector.PreviewLauncher |
mPL
preview activity |
protected int |
mType
sort type |
protected static com.blogspot.applications4android.comicreader.ActivityComicSelector.ComicMainWebPageDisplay |
mWP
web page display activity |
| Fields inherited from class com.blogspot.applications4android.comicreader.core.ComicActivity |
|---|
mColor1, mColor2 |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
ActivityComicSelector()
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
cancelChangesAndExit(View v)
Callback for the button to cancel the changes made and exit this activity |
protected void |
initListView()
Helper function to initialize the list view containing all comics which the user wants to see. |
boolean |
onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
|
boolean |
onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
|
protected void |
onPause()
Called when the activity is finished. |
protected void |
onResume()
Called when the activity is first created. |
void |
saveChangesAndExit(View v)
Callback for the button to save changes and exit this activity |
| Methods inherited from class com.blogspot.applications4android.comicreader.core.ComicActivity |
|---|
displayHtml, ExitActivity, hideResetButton, setupComicsList, showResetButton, storeComicClassList |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
protected static ComicClassList mList
protected static com.blogspot.applications4android.comicreader.ActivityComicSelector.PreviewLauncher mPL
protected static com.blogspot.applications4android.comicreader.ActivityComicSelector.ComicMainWebPageDisplay mWP
protected int mType
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public ActivityComicSelector()
| Method Detail |
|---|
protected void onResume()
ComicActivity
onResume
in class ComicActivity
protected void onPause()
ComicActivity
onPause
in class ComicActivity
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
public void saveChangesAndExit(View v)
v
- buttonpublic void cancelChangesAndExit(View v)
v
- buttonprotected void initListView()
|
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


SQT file format
The SQT file format is used to record the matches between MS/MS spectra and a sequence database. A full description of the SQT file format may be found in:
McDonald, W.H. et al. "MS1, MS2, and SQT-three unified, compact, and easily parsed file formats for the storage of shotgun proteomic spectra and identifications." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 18, 2162-2168 (2004).An SQT file consists of a header followed by one or more spectrum matches. The header and match data are broken into records, one record per line. Fields within a record are separated by white space.
A sample SQT file may be found here.
Header details
Each line in the header must begin with an
H
. This is followed by a field label, and then a field value, all separated by white space. The field label must be one of the labels listed below, while the field value can be an aribrary string. A typical header is shown below.H SQTGenerator Crux H SQTGeneratorVersion 1.0 H Comment Crux was written by... H Comment ref... H StartTime Tue Dec 2 15:22:50 2008 H EndTime H Database test_crux_index/test-binary-fasta H DBSeqLength ? H DBLocusCount 4 H PrecursorMasses average H FragmentMasses mono H Alg-PreMasTol 3.0 H Alg-FragMassTol 0.50 H Alg-XCorrMode 0 H Comment preliminary algorithm sp H Comment final algorithm xcorr H StaticMod C=160.139 H Alg-DisplayTop 5 H EnzymeSpec trypticThe following field labels must appear in the header:
Required header field labels Field Label Description SQTGenerator The name of the software used to create the SQT file SQTGeneratorVersion The version number of the SQTGenerator software Database Path to sequence database used to generate the SQT file FragmentMasses Were average or mono-istopic residue masses used to predict the fragment ion mass PrecursorMasses Were average or mono-istopic residue masses used to predict the precursor ion mass StartTime Time when SQT file was created StaticMod Non-standard amino-acid masses used in identification (repeat this record if there are multiple non-standard masses) DynamicMod List of dynamic modifications used in identification The following field labels are optional, and may appear in the header:
Optional header field labels Field Label Description Comment Remarks. Multiple comment lines are allowed DBSeqLength Number of aminio acids in sequence database DBLocusCount Number of proteins in sequence database DBMD5Sum MD5 checksum of sequence database SortedBy Name of field use to sort spectra Alg- Field names begining with Alg- are algorithm specific * Other field names are allowed, but may not contain white-space Match details
Each spectrum match begins with a spectrum (S) record, each S record is followed by one or more match (M) records, and each M record is followed by one or more Locus (L) records. The S record contains the scan number and other details for the spectum, the M records contains the highest scoring peptide matches for the parent spectrum, and the L records give the names of proteins containing the parent match peptide.
S 45894 45894 2 1 maccoss007 2038.59 9199.5 147.1 153628 M 1 27 2040.244 0.0000 1.5881 245.6 11 34 V.YKCAADKQDATVVELTNL.T U L YCR102C M 2 68 2038.265 0.0116 1.5698 208.4 11 36 S.TQSGIVAEQALLHSLNENL.S U L YGR080W M 3 34 2039.247 0.1582 1.3369 239.3 11 36 I.NEKTSPALVIPTPDAENEI.S U L YLR035C M 4 322 2040.365 0.1699 1.3183 160.0 9 36 I.LKESKSVQPGKAIPDIIES.P U L YJL126W M 5 74 2039.453 0.2288 1.2248 203.6 10 32 D.MISVDLKTPLVIFKCHH.G U L YAL002W M 65 1 2041.246 0.4179 0.9245 370.2 13 32 S.CCGLSLPGLHDLLRHYE.E U L YLR403W S 45904 45904 3 1 maccoss007 2834.54 10103.7 246.4 152668 M 1 237 2833.059 0.0000 1.9175 273.1 20 108 N.NSGSDTVDPLAGLNNLRNSIKSAGNGME.N U L YDR505C M 2 223 2834.278 0.1390 1.6510 274.8 18 96 G.HLSRISNIDDILISMRMDAFDSLIG.Y U L YLR247C M 3 52 2835.100 0.1503 1.6292 324.1 20 96 S.KSTTEPIQLNNKHDLHLGQELTEST.V U L YDR098C-B L YDR365W-B L YER138C L YGR027W-B
Record types for scans Symbol Description Generic form Required S Spectrum S [low scan] [high scan] [charge] [process time]
[server] [experimental neutral mass] [total ion intensity] [lowest Sp] [# of seq. matched]yes M Match M [rank by Xcorr] [rank by Sp] [calculated mass]
[DeltaCN] [Xcorr] [Sp] [matched ions] [expected ions] [sequence matched]
[validation status U = unknown, Y = yes, N = no, M = Maybe]yes L Locus L [locus name] [description if available]
yes Differences between Crux's SQT format and the published version
- Relative to the original specification of SQT, Crux expects an additional field [total ion intensity] in the "S" lines.
- In the original specification, the FragmentMasses and PrecursorMasses header lines used the values "AVG" or "MONO", but Crux uses "average" and "mono".


{% block css %} {% endblock %} {% block javascript %} {% endblock %} {% block header %}
A starter Docker image for JupyterHub with a baseline deployment and typical ML packages.
For CPU-intensive workloads, you can choose more than 1 CPU (e.g. 1.5).
1.5
Specify the total amount of RAM reserved by your Notebook (e.g. 2.0Gi).
2.0Gi
Reserve additional resources. For example, to reserve 2 GPUs: {"nvidia.com/gpu": 2}
{"nvidia.com/gpu": 2}


Defender’s ‘Miraculous Recovery’ From Injury Against Chiefs Lauded
by Soccer LadumaChippa United defender’s recovery from the horrific injury he suffered against Kaizer Chiefs has been lauded.
In May last year, as Chippa managed to succesfully escape relegation with their 1-0 win against Chiefs on the last day of their Absa Premiership campaign, Tebogo Makobela suffered a career-threatening injury that forced him to be substituted.
Read: Deals Abroad For Shongwe & Makudubela!
At the time, the Chilli Boys confirmed that Makobela suffered a leg break from a tackle by Teenage Hadebe.
With the Port Elizabeth outfit oozing with confidence at the moment, following their first win of the season against AmaZulu before the FIFA international break, the club has confirmed that Makobela has 'miraculously' returned to the field for training.
Read – Life After Pirates: Munetsi Opens Up
“Tebogo Makobela back on the field after miraculous recovery from an injury that almost ended his career at the end of last season home game against Kaizer Chiefs,” Chippa confirmed on the club’s official Twitter account.
Post Selfie’s On Soccer Laduma’s Social Media App & Earn Airtime and more! Download Now


Class of ‘21
Paper Cut
Audrey Yin | Photograph | 2019
Class of ‘21
Beyond Black and White
Alana Yang | Digital Drawing | 2019
Class of ‘23
Portraits
Kriti Arora | Ig: _kriti.arora_
Class of ‘23
Portraits
Kriti Arora | Ig: _kriti.arora_
Class of ‘23
Tamanna's Painting
Tamanna Choudhary | Ig: tamannachoudhary
Class of ‘23
Tamanna's Painting
Tamanna Choudhary | Ig: tamannachoudhary
Kamya's Painting
Kamya Gulabani | Pop Art | Ig: __.kamyaa
Kamya's Painting
Kamya Gulabani | Oil Art | Ig:__.kamyaa
Kamya's Painting
Kamya Gulabani | Acrylic | Ig: __.kamyaa
Class of ‘20
Forever
Justin Li | Oil on canvas | 2019
Class of ‘18
COLORED SEEDS
Dolapo Adedokun | Photographs | 2018
Class of ‘18
Vasavi's Painting
Vasavi Parikh | Ig: scribblesnfables


Reset Password
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Reseting your Password
Insert the recovery code you received when registering together with your username and new master password.
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Cool things to know
Shoelaces come in a fun assortment of colors
They make you a foot taller
They were worn by astronauts in the Apollo mission


This chapter describes commands that configure the Compression Control Protocol (CCP) layer. All of these commands apply to the currently active bundle.
To use CCP you should enable compression at the bundle level. To allow compression to be negotiated you should enable here some of compression protocols.
set ccp accept option ...
set ccp deny option ...
set ccp enable option ...
set ccp disable option ...
set ccp yes option ...
set ccp no option ...
These commands configure various CCP options. Each direction of
traffic (transmit and receive) is independent from the other.
All options default to disable
and deny
.
The enable
and disable
commands determine
whether we desire the corresponding option on received data.
The accept
and deny
commands determine
whether we will allow the peer to request the corresponding option
(which we must enable on our transmitted data).
The yes
command is the same as
enable
and accept
.
The no
command is the same as
disable
and deny
.
The options available at the CCP layer are listed below.
pred1
This option enables Predictor-1 (RFC 1978) compression. Predictor-1 compression is much faster then Deflate.
This option requires ng_pred1 Netgraph node type, which is present since FreeBSD 6.2-STABLE of 2007-01-28. If there is no ng_pred1 in system, this algorithm is supported in user-level, but will consume more CPU power.
The default is disable.
deflate
This option enables Deflate (RFC 1979) compression. Deflate compression usually gives better compression ratio then Predictor-1.
This option requires ng_deflate Netgraph node type, which is present since FreeBSD 6.2-STABLE of 2007-01-28.
The default is disable.
mppc
This option enables MPPC compression/encryption subprotocol. For details see the MPPC protocol chapter.
The default is disable.


Name:
Joem Elias Sanez
Location:
Manila, Philippines
Phone:
555 204 1973
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>I am a transnational subject (an expat baby) — raised in seven cities across the Pacific by the age of seventeen. As a result, I am always grounded at the intersections between the local and the global. As a creative, I appreciate the opportunities and constraints of trade expertises and material techniques unique to the intertwined locales of Site. As a professional, I capitalize on the collective knowledge of global networks while remaining embedded to a conscientious approach to design, representation, entrepreneurialism and leadership.
I am a design architect (buildings) with 7 years of professional experience. I worked with a large firms in Los Angeles, New York, Basel and Singapore after receiving my Master of Architecture from Columbia University. I am also a design technologist (computers) and presently in pursuit of a Diploma in Software Development at Code Institute.
I am eager to be on the backend of the design delivery. I believe the most essential skill — for the building industry or otherwise — is to be able to think and produce algorithmically. I fundamentally enjoy programming and find the practice of writing code extremely rewarding. I want to be fully capable of contributing to open source. I want to develop programs that are useful, educational and aesthetically pleasing in its finished deployment as well as its procedural delivery. I want to continue to be adaptable to new languages in order to grow, operate and contribute across platforms effectively and consistently.
My research interests are on responsive design, the computational design of home automation, space optimization, virtual reality visualization and performance control. In my spare time, I enjoy reviewing films, reading memoirs, designing books and playing the piano.
Designer
Designer
Architectural Assistant
Architectural Designer
I am skilled in User Experience Design using the trinity of HTML/CSS/JavaScript. I also have extensive experience in Front End Frameworks such as Angular and React.
I specialize in data-driven web applications. Many of my projects utilize document-based data. I use Python and Django in conjunction with MongoDB to process and present information
Name:
Joem Elias Sanez
Address:
11 Melon Street, Valle Verde 1 Brgy. Ugong, Pasig 1604 Metro Manila, Philippines
Phone:
555 204 1973
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>I am a skilled Full Stack Developer with a wealth of diverse life and technical experience that I bring to every project.
I follow form as well as function. I know that the aesthetics of effective design combined with application speed, security and reliability combine to create a great user experience.
I work quickly and effectively in getting things built and working across the stack. I'm an excellent communicator who thrives in bright and enthusiastic teams and I'm also a self starter when working solo.
Name:
Joem Elias Sanez
Address:
11 Melon Street, Valle Verde 1 Brgy. Ugong, Pasig 1604 Metro Manila, Philippines
Phone:
555 204 1973
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>I am a skilled Full Stack Developer with a wealth of diverse life and technical experience that I bring to every project.
I follow form as well as function. I know that the aesthetics of effective design combined with application speed, security and reliability combine to create a great user experience.
I work quickly and effectively in getting things built and working across the stack. I'm an excellent communicator who thrives in bright and enthusiastic teams and I'm also a self starter when working solo.


:
Who is mondora?
mondora is an Italian software and advisory company which was founded in 2002 by Francesco and Michele Mondora. In 2015, mondora also became a Certified B Corporation.
The company is growing fast and currently has 35 employees who work from multiple locations. Offices are located in Valtellina and Milano, whilst some people prefer to work remotely from Bergamo, Pavia, Novara, Switzerland and Japan.
:
Services and Technologies
mondora specialises in cloud governance and innovative software solutions, as well as providing development, design and technical training. The company works with a large range of businesses across multiple industries, from banking to education to non-profit. The aim is to support customers with the design, implementation, and operation of a variety of IT environments, with associated teams and governance structures. When working, there is a strong focus on the implementation and management of emerging technological paradigms, such as cloud computing, Agile Methodologies, and DevOps.
Over the years mondora has developed significant experience assessing and evolving complex architectures, and driving IT and business alignment. Among other projects, mondora has brought to market the product ControlMyCloud, a platform for managing SLAs on the cloud, that has been the baseline for industry standards and commercial research.
mondora’s developers are required to have a horizontal knowledge: there are no vertical specializations, everyone must be a full-stack developer. In this way, developers are able to be more flexible and meet customer needs more quickly and effectively.
:
How we work
mondora is a self-organized company with a flat structure. This means that everyone is on the same level, including the CEO. Only the customer is above, as the company has a “customer centered” work approach in which customer happiness is key. Self-organization implies that every employee within the company takes responsibility for his or her own work. There are no managers, only “team players”. Each person, or player, agrees on work with his/her team, makes autonomous decisions and consults colleagues for complex issues.
Most work within mondora is done in teams. Teams work together to create solutions and solve issues. Within a team, junior members can learn from more senior ones. Often team members work in pairs, either in the office or remotely. This is a great way for people to acquire new skills and see how others work. One important aspect of this organization is that teams are not fixed for the whole duration of a project. Team rotation is encouraged and all players are expected to take part in different projects and learn to use various technologies during their time in mondora.
Everyone in mondora uses Scrum, Kanban, DDD and embraces Agile methodologies. Work is done in sprints of two weeks each, in which something useful is delivered to the customer right from the start, every two weeks. Teams and customers get together for sprint planning/review meetings and Daily Scrum meetings. mondora helps customers identify the issues they need to solve and provides an Empathy Map, Value Proposition Canvas and a Business Model Canvas to them. The aim is to help customers reach understanding of the Minimum Viable Product required, and work towards reaching this goal first.


How to create a minimap plugin?
A Minimap plugin is just another Atom package that interacts with the Minimap API. To get started, use the Minimap: Generate Plugin
command in Atom. This will bootstrap a new minimap plugin with the basic interface and behavior
expected from plugins.
Minimap Plugin Interface
In addition of the Atom package interface, a Minimap plugin implements the following methods:
activatePlugin
- A function called to activate the plugindeactivatePlugin
- A function called to deactivate the pluginisActive
- A function returning a boolean that indicates the activation state of the plugin.
These methods allow plugins to be activated/deactivated by the Minimap package independently of their activation as a package.
All Minimap plugins are activated by default.
A Minimal Minimap Plugin
{CompositeDisposable} = require 'event-kit'
module.exports =
active: false
isActive: -> @active
activate: (state) ->
# During the activation, the minimap package is retrieved.
atom.packages.activatePackage('minimap').then (pkg) =>
@minimap = pkg.mainModule
# And a test against the minimap version allow to prevent compatibility
# issues.
return @deactivate() unless @minimap.versionMatch('4.x')
# The subscriptions object will store the disposable returned when
# registering to minimap events.
@subscriptions = new CompositeDisposable
# The plugin is then registered as a plugin in the minimap.
@minimap.registerPlugin 'plugin-name', this
deactivate: ->
@minimap.unregisterPlugin 'plugin-name'
@minimap = null
activatePlugin: ->
return if @active
@active = true
@subscriptions.add @minimap.onDidActivate =>
# do something when the minimap is activated
@subscriptions.add @minimap.onDidDeactivate =>
# do something when the minimap is deactivated
@subscriptions.add @minimap.observeMinimaps (minimap) ->
# do something each time a minimap is created.
deactivatePlugin: ->
return unless @active
@active = false
@subscriptions.dispose()
Minimap Plugin API
The Minimap package provides a simple API for plugins:
registerPlugin(name, plugin)
- Registersplugin
as a minimap plugin. The givenname
will be used to access the plugin as well as a key for the associated minimap setting. When called the Minimap package will proceed as follow:- It will create a
minimap.plugins.{name}
setting. If there was no previous setting with that name, the default value will be set totrue
, otherwise the value of the setting is retrieved from the Atom config object. - It will create a
minimap:toggle-{name}
command that allow to activate/deactive the plugin through the command palette. - It will emit a
did-add-plugin
event with an object such as{name, plugin}
. - It will activate/deactive the plugin accordingly with its associated setting value.
- It will create a
unregisterPlugin(name)
- Unregisters the plugin registered with the givenname
. When called it will proceed as follow:- It will stop observing the setting created for the plugin.
- It will remove the command palette created for the plugin.
- It will emit a
did-remove-plugin
event with an object such as{name, plugin}
.
versionMatch(expectedVersion)
- If a plugin needs a specific version of the Minimap package to work with it can use theversionMatch
method to test the Minimap version against asemver
version. In that case, the pluginactivate
method could be written as:activate: -> atom.packages.activatePackage('minimap').then (pkg) => @minimap = pkg.mainModule return @deactivate() unless @minimap.versionMatch('4.x') @minimap.registerPlugin 'my-plugin', this


--- layout: post title: Pappardelle With Greens and Ricotta Recipe - NYT Cooking date: type: post parent_id: '0' published: false image: assets/images/post-img/ status: draft categories: - Etc. tags: [] meta: _wpghs_github_path: _posts/2017-05-29-pappardelle-with-greens-and-ricotta-recipe-nyt-cooking.md _sha: ab6977ed878e09880a56959dfeab4a5fc7d085de _wpas_done_all: '1' _edit_last: '1' _posts_by_tag_page_fields: a:2:{s:12:"widget_title";s:0:"";s:11:"widget_tags";s:0:"";} author: login: mkelley email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Mike first_name: Mike last_name: Kelley ---
pappardelle
Source: Pappardelle With Greens and Ricotta Recipe - NYT Cooking


This proposal seeks to add first class support for troubleshooting by creating a mechanism to execute a shell or other troubleshooting tools inside a running pod without requiring that the associated container images include such tools.
Many developers of native Kubernetes applications wish to treat Kubernetes as an
execution platform for custom binaries produced by a build system. These users
can forgo the scripted OS install of traditional Dockerfiles and instead COPY
the output of their build system into a container image built FROM scratch
or
a distroless container
image. This confers several
advantages:
The disadvantage of using containers built FROM scratch
is the lack of system
binaries provided by an Operating System image makes it difficult to
troubleshoot running containers. Kubernetes should enable one to troubleshoot
pods regardless of the contents of the container images.
As Kubernetes gains in popularity, it’s becoming the case that a person troubleshooting an application is not necessarily the person who built it. Operations staff and Support organizations want the ability to attach a “known good” or automated debugging environment to a pod.
A solution to troubleshoot arbitrary container images MUST:
Any new debugging functionality will require training users. We can ease the
transition by building on an existing usage pattern. We will create a new
command, kubectl debug
, which parallels an existing command, kubectl exec
.
Whereas kubectl exec
runs a process in a container, kubectl debug
will
be similar but run a container in a pod.
A container created by kubectl debug
is a Debug Container. Just like a
process run by kubectl exec
, a Debug Container is not part of the pod spec and
has no resource stored in the API. Unlike kubectl exec
, a Debug Container
does have status that is reported in v1.PodStatus
and displayed by kubectl
describe pod
.
For example, the following command would attach to a newly created container in a pod:
kubectl debug -c debug-shell --image=debian target-pod -- bash
It would be reasonable for Kubernetes to provide a default container name and image, making the minimal possible debug command:
kubectl debug target-pod
This creates an interactive shell in a pod which can examine and signal other
processes in the pod. It has access to the same network and IPC as processes in
the pod. It can access the filesystem of other processes by /proc/$PID/root
.
As is already the case with regular containers, Debug Containers can enter
arbitrary namespaces of another container via nsenter
when run with
CAP_SYS_ADMIN
.
Please see the User Stories section for additional examples and Alternatives Considered for the considerable list of other solutions we considered.
The implementation of kubectl debug
closely mirrors the implementation of
kubectl exec
, with most of the complexity implemented in the kubelet
. How
functionality like this best fits into Kubernetes API has been contentious. In
order to make progress, we will start with the smallest possible API change,
extending /exec
to support Debug Containers, and iterate.
From the perspective of the user, there’s a new command, kubectl debug
, that
creates a Debug Container and attaches to its console. We believe a new command
will be less confusing for users than overloading kubectl exec
with a new
concept. Users give Debug Containers a name (e.g. “debug” or “shell”) which can
subsequently be used to reattach and is reported by kubectl describe
.
We will extend v1.Pod
’s /exec
subresource to support “executing” container
images. The current /exec
endpoint must implement GET
to support streaming
for all clients. We don’t want to encode a (potentially large) v1.Container
as
an HTTP parameter, so we must extend v1.PodExecOptions
with the specific
fields required for creating a Debug Container:
// PodExecOptions is the query options to a Pod's remote exec call
type PodExecOptions struct {
...
// EphemeralContainerName is the name of an ephemeral container in which the
// command ought to be run. Either both EphemeralContainerName and
// EphemeralContainerImage fields must be set, or neither.
EphemeralContainerName *string `json:"ephemeralContainerName,omitempty" ...`
// EphemeralContainerImage is the image of an ephemeral container in which the command
// ought to be run. Either both EphemeralContainerName and EphemeralContainerImage
// fields must be set, or neither.
EphemeralContainerImage *string `json:"ephemeralContainerImage,omitempty" ...`
}
After creating the Debug Container, the kubelet will upgrade the connection to
streaming and perform an attach to the container’s console. If disconnected, the
Debug Container can be reattached using the pod’s /attach
endpoint with
EphemeralContainerName
.
Debug Containers cannot be removed via the API and instead the process must
terminate. While not ideal, this parallels existing behavior of kubectl exec
.
To kill a Debug Container one would attach
and exit the process interactively
or create a new Debug Container to send a signal with kill(1)
to the original
process.
Rather than extending an existing subresource, we could create a new,
non-streaming debug
subresource. We would create a new API Object:
// DebugContainer describes a container to attach to a running pod for troubleshooting.
type DebugContainer struct {
metav1.TypeMeta
metav1.ObjectMeta
// Name is the name of the Debug Container. Its presence will cause
// exec to create a Debug Container rather than performing a runtime exec.
Name string `json:"name,omitempty" ...`
// Image is an optional container image name that will be used to for the Debug
// Container in the specified Pod with Command as ENTRYPOINT. If omitted a
// default image will be used.
Image string `json:"image,omitempty" ...`
}
The pod would gain a new /debug
subresource that allows the following:
POST
of a PodDebugContainer
to
/api/v1/namespaces/$NS/pods/$POD_NAME/debug/$NAME
to create Debug
Container named $NAME
running in pod $POD_NAME
.DELETE
of /api/v1/namespaces/$NS/pods/$POD_NAME/debug/$NAME
will stop
the Debug Container $NAME
in pod $POD_NAME
.Once created, a client would attach to the console of a debug container using
the existing attach endpoint, /api/v1/namespaces/$NS/pods/$POD_NAME/attach
.
However, this pattern does not resemble any other current usage of the API, so we prefer to start with exec++ and reevaluate if we discover a compelling reason.
Using subresources is an imperative style API where the client instructs the kubelet to perform an action, but in general Kubernetes prefers declarative APIs where the client declares a state for Kubernetes to enact.
We could implement this in a declarative manner by creating a new
EphemeralContainer
type:
type EphemeralContainer struct {
metav1.TypeMeta
metav1.ObjectMeta
Spec EphemeralContainerSpec
Status v1.ContainerStatus
}
EphemeralContainerSpec
is similar to v1.Container
, but contains only fields
relevant to Debug Containers:
type EphemeralContainerSpec struct {
// Target is the pod in which to run the EphemeralContainer
// Required.
Target v1.ObjectReference
Name string
Image String
Command []string
Args []string
ImagePullPolicy PullPolicy
SecurityContext *SecurityContext
}
A new controller in the kubelet would watch for EphemeralContainers and
create/delete debug containers. EphemeralContainer.Status
would be updated by
the kubelet at the same time it updates ContainerStatus
for regular and init
containers. Clients would create a new EphemeralContainer
object, wait for it
to be started and then attach using the pod’s attach subresource and the name of
the EphemeralContainer
.
Debugging is inherently imperative, however, rather than a state for Kubernetes to enforce. Once a Debug Container is started it should not be automatically restarted, for example. This solution imposes additionally complexity and dependencies on the kubelet, but it’s not yet clear if the complexity is justified.
The status of a Debug Container is reported in a new field in v1.PodStatus
:
type PodStatus struct {
...
EphemeralContainerStatuses []v1.ContainerStatus
}
This status is only populated for Debug Containers, but there’s interest in tracking status for traditional exec in a similar manner.
Note that Command
and Args
would have to be tracked in the status object
because there is no spec for Debug Containers or exec. These must either be made
available by the runtime or tracked by the kubelet. For Debug Containers this
could be stored as runtime labels, but the kubelet currently has no method of
storing state across restarts for exec. Solving this problem for exec is out of
scope for Debug Containers, but we will look for a solution as we implement this
feature.
EphemeralContainerStatuses
is populated by the kubelet in the same way as
regular and init container statuses. This is sent to the API server and
displayed by kubectl describe pod
.
kubectl
invokes the exec API as described in the preceding section./exec/$NS/$POD_NAME/$CONTAINER_NAME
endpoint.startContainer()
method to create a
container in an existing pod. startContainer()
has one modification for
Debug Containers: it creates a new runtime label (e.g. a docker label) that
identifies this container as a Debug Container.PodStatus
. The update publishes the debug container status to the API
server at which point the Debug Container becomes visible via kubectl
describe pod
.Rather than performing the implicit attach the kubelet could return success to
the client and require the client to perform an explicit attach, but the
implicit attach maintains consistent semantics across /exec
rather than
varying behavior based on parameters.
The apiserver detects container name collisions with both containers in the pod
spec and other running Debug Containers by checking
EphemeralContainerStatuses
. In a race to create two Debug Containers with the
same name, the API server will pass both requests and the kubelet must return an
error to all but one request.
There are no limits on the number of Debug Containers that can be created in a pod, but exceeding a pod’s resource allocation may cause the pod to be evicted.
Debug Containers will never be restarted automatically. It is possible to replace a Debug Container that has exited by re-using a Debug Container name. It is an error to attempt to replace a Debug Container that is still running, which is detected by both the API server and the kubelet.
One can reattach to a Debug Container using kubectl attach
. When supported by
a runtime, multiple clients can attach to a single debug container and share the
terminal. This is supported by Docker.
Debug containers will not be killed automatically until the pod (specifically,
the pod sandbox) is destroyed. Debug Containers will stop when their command
exits, such as exiting a shell. Unlike kubectl exec
, processes in Debug
Containers will not receive an EOF if their connection is interrupted.
Implementing debug requires no changes to the Container Runtime Interface as it’s the same operation as creating a regular container. The following changes are necessary in the kubelet:
SyncPod()
must not kill any Debug Container even though it is not part of
the pod spec.SyncPod()
will kill Debug Containers when
the pod sandbox changes since a lone Debug Container in an abandoned sandbox
is not useful. Debug Containers are not automatically started in the new
sandbox.convertStatusToAPIStatus()
must sort Debug Containers status into
EphemeralContainerStatuses
similar to as it does for
InitContainerStatuses
ContainerStatus
on debug containers for
reporting.It’s worth noting some things that do not change:
KillPod()
already operates on all running containers returned by the
runtime.containerType
of ""
. Since this does not match "EPHEMERAL"
the special
handling of Debug Containers is backwards compatible.Debug Containers have no additional privileges above what is available to any
v1.Container
. It’s the equivalent of configuring an shell container in a pod
spec but created on demand.
Admission plugins that guard /exec
must be updated for the new parameters. In
particular, they should enforce the same container image policy on the Image
parameter as is enforced for regular containers. During the alpha phase we will
additionally support a container image whitelist as a kubelet flag to allow
cluster administrators to easily constraint debug container images.
v1.Container
. This is to
reinforce that Debug Containers are not general purpose containers by
limiting their configurability. Debug Containers should not be used to build
services.We’re targeting an alpha release in Kubernetes 1.9 that includes the following basic functionality:
kubectl debug
command to initiate a debug containerkubectl describe pod
will list status of debug containers running in a podFunctionality will be hidden behind an alpha feature flag and disabled by default. The following are explicitly out of scope for the 1.9 alpha release:
CAP_SYS_PTRACE
and CAP_SYS_ADMIN
.PullAlways
.Debug Containers are implemented in the kubelet’s generic runtime manager. Performing this operation with a legacy (non-CRI) runtime will result in a not implemented error. Implementation in the kubelet will be split into the following steps:
The first step is to add a feature gate to ensure all changes are off by
default. This will be added in the pkg/features
DefaultFeatureGate
.
The runtime manager stores metadata about containers in the runtime via labels
(e.g. docker labels). These labels are used to populate the fields of
kubecontainer.ContainerStatus
. Since the runtime manager needs to handle Debug
Containers differently in a few situations, we must add a new piece of metadata
to distinguish Debug Containers from regular containers.
startContainer()
will be updated to write a new label
io.kubernetes.container.type
to the runtime. Existing containers will be
started with a type of REGULAR
or INIT
. When added in a subsequent step,
Debug Containers will start with the type EPHEMERAL
.
This step adds methods for creating debug containers, but doesn’t yet modify the
kubelet API. Since the runtime manager discards runtime (e.g. docker) labels
after populating kubecontainer.ContainerStatus
, the label value will be stored
in a the new field ContainerStatus.Type
so it can be used by SyncPod()
.
The kubelet gains a RunDebugContainer()
method which accepts a v1.Container
and passes it on to the Runtime Manager’s RunDebugContainer()
if implemented.
Currently only the Generic Runtime Manager (i.e. the CRI) implements the
DebugContainerRunner
interface.
The Generic Runtime Manager’s RunDebugContainer()
calls startContainer()
to
create the Debug Container. Additionally, SyncPod()
is modified to skip Debug
Containers unless the sandbox is restarted.
The kubelet exposes the new functionality in its existing /exec/
endpoint.
ServeExec()
constructs a v1.Container
based on PodExecOptions
, calls
RunDebugContainer()
, and performs the attach.
The last major change to the kubelet is to populate
v1.PodStatus.EphemeralContainerStatuses
based on the
kubecontainer.ContainerStatus
for the Debug Container.
There are two changes to be made to the Kubernetes, which will be made independently:
v1.PodExecOptions
must be extended with new fields.v1.PodStatus
gains a new field to hold Debug Container statuses.In all cases, new fields will be prepended with Alpha
for the duration of this
feature’s alpha status.
In anticipation of this change, #46151 added a
kubectl alpha
command to contain alpha features. We will add kubectl alpha
debug
to invoke Debug Containers. kubectl
does not use feature gates, so
kubectl alpha debug
will be visible by default in kubectl
1.9 and return an
error when used on a cluster with the feature disabled.
kubectl describe pod
will report the contents of EphemeralContainerStatuses
when not empty as it means the feature is enabled. The field will be hidden when
empty.
We’ve researched many options over the life of this proposal. These Appendices are included as optional reference material. It’s not necessary to read this material in order to understand the proposal in its current form.
These user stories are intended to give examples how this proposal addresses the above requirements.
Jonas runs a service “neato” that consists of a statically compiled Go binary running in a minimal container image. One of the its pods is suddenly having trouble connecting to an internal service. Being in operations, Jonas wants to be able to inspect the running pod without restarting it, but he doesn’t necessarily need to enter the container itself. He wants to:
This is achieved by running a new “debug” container in the pod namespaces. His troubleshooting session might resemble:
% kubectl debug -it -m debian neato-5thn0 -- bash
root@debug-image:~# ps x
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:00 /pause
13 ? Ss 0:00 bash
26 ? Ss+ 0:00 /neato
107 ? R+ 0:00 ps x
root@debug-image:~# cat /proc/26/root/etc/resolv.conf
search default.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local
nameserver <IP_ADDRESS>
options ndots:5
root@debug-image:~# dig @<IP_ADDRESS> neato.svc.cluster.local.
; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-9+deb8u6-Debian <<>> @<IP_ADDRESS> neato.svc.cluster.local.
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached
Thus Jonas discovers that the cluster’s DNS service isn’t responding.
Thurston is debugging a tricky issue that’s difficult to reproduce. He can’t reproduce the issue with the debug build, so he attaches a debug container to one of the pods exhibiting the problem:
% kubectl debug -it --image=gcr.io/neato/debugger neato-5x9k3 -- sh
Defaulting container name to debug.
/ # ps x
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 /pause
13 root 0:00 /neato
26 root 0:00 sh
32 root 0:00 ps x
/ # gdb -p 13
...
He discovers that he needs access to the actual container, which he can achieve by installing busybox into the target container:
root@debug-image:~# cp /bin/busybox /proc/13/root
root@debug-image:~# nsenter -t 13 -m -u -p -n -r /busybox sh
BusyBox v1.22.1 (Debian 1:1.22.0-9+deb8u1) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.
/ # ls -l /neato
-rwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 746888 May 4 2016 /neato
Note that running the commands referenced above require CAP_SYS_ADMIN
and
CAP_SYS_PTRACE
.
Ginger is a security engineer tasked with running security audits across all of her company’s running containers. Even though his company has no standard base image, she’s able to audit all containers using:
% for pod in $(kubectl get -o name pod); do
kubectl debug -m gcr.io/neato/security-audit -p $pod /security-audit.sh
done
Roy’s team provides support for his company’s multi-tenant cluster. He can access the Kubernetes API (as a viewer) on behalf of the users he’s supporting, but he does not have administrative access to nodes or a say in how the application image is constructed. When someone asks for help, Roy’s first step is to run his team’s autodiagnose script:
% kubectl debug --image=k8s.gcr.io/autodiagnose nginx-pod-1234
Many people have proposed alternate solutions to this problem. This section discusses how the proposed solution meets all of the stated requirements and is intended to contrast the alternatives listed below.
Troubleshoot arbitrary running containers with minimal prior configuration. This solution requires no prior configuration.
Access to namespaces and the file systems of individual containers. This
solution runs a container in the shared pod namespaces (e.g. network) and will
attach to the PID namespace of a target container when not shared with the
entire pod. It relies on the behavior of /proc/<pid>/root
to provide access to
filesystems of individual containers.
Fetch troubleshooting utilities at debug time. This solution uses normal container image distribution mechanisms to fetch images when the debug command is run.
Respect admission restrictions. Requests from kubectl are proxied through
the apiserver and so are available to existing admission
controllers. Plugins
already exist to intercept exec
and attach
calls, but extending this to
support debug
has not yet been scoped.
Allow introspection of pod state using existing tools. The list of
EphemeralContainerStatuses
is never truncated. If a debug container has run in
this pod it will appear here.
Support arbitrary runtimes via the CRI. This proposal is implemented entirely in the kubelet runtime manager and requires no changes in the individual runtimes.
Have an excellent user experience. This solution is conceptually
straightforward and surfaced in a single kubectl
command that “runs a thing in
a pod”. Debug tools are distributed by container image, which is already well
understood by users. There is no automatic copying of files or hidden paths.
By using container images, users are empowered to create custom debug images. Available images can be restricted by admission policy. Some examples of possible debug images:
Require no direct access to the node. This solution uses the standard streaming API.
Have no inherent side effects to the running container image. The target pod is not modified by default, but resources used by the debug container will be billed to the pod’s cgroup, which means it could be evicted. A future improvement could be to decrease the likelihood of eviction when there’s an active debug container.
Rather than adding an operation to have Kubernetes attach a pod we could instead
make the pod spec mutable so the client can generate an update adding a
container. SyncPod()
has no issues adding the container to the pod at that
point, but an immutable pod spec has been a basic assumption in Kubernetes thus
far and changing it carries risk. It’s preferable to keep the pod spec immutable
as a best practice.
An earlier version of this proposal suggested running an ephemeral container in the pod namespaces. The container would not be added to the pod spec and would exist only as long as the process it ran. This has the advantage of behaving similarly to the current kubectl exec, but it is opaque and likely violates design assumptions. We could add constructs to track and report on both traditional exec process and exec containers, but this would probably be more work than adding to the pod spec. Both are generally useful, and neither precludes the other in the future, so we chose mutating the pod spec for expedience.
Combining container volumes (#831) with the ability to add volumes to the pod spec would get us most of the way there. One could mount a volume of debug utilities at debug time. Docker does not allow adding a volume to a running container, however, so this would require a container restart. A restart doesn’t meet our requirements for troubleshooting.
Rather than attaching the container at debug time, kubernetes could always
attach a volume at a random path at run time, just in case it’s needed. Though
this simplifies the solution by working within the existing constraints of
kubectl exec
, it has a sufficient list of minor limitations (detailed in
#10834) to result in a poor user experience.
If Kubernetes supported the concept of an “inactive” container, we could configure it as part of a pod and activate it at debug time. In order to avoid coupling the debug tool versions with those of the running containers, we would need to ensure the debug image was pulled at debug time. The container could then be run with a TTY and attached using kubectl. We would need to figure out a solution that allows access the filesystem of other containers.
The downside of this approach is that it requires prior configuration. In addition to requiring prior consideration, it would increase boilerplate config. A requirement for prior configuration makes it feel like a workaround rather than a feature of the platform.
Kubernetes could implicitly create an EmptyDir volume for every pod which would then be available as target for either the kubelet or a sidecar to extract a package of binaries.
Users would have to be responsible for hosting a package build and distribution infrastructure or rely on a public one. The complexity of this solution makes it undesirable.
Rather than inserting a new container into a pod namespace, Kubernetes could instead support creating a new pod with container namespaces shared with another, target pod. This would be a simpler change to the Kubernetes API, which would only need a new field in the pod spec to specify the target pod. To be useful, the containers in this “Debug Pod” should be run inside the namespaces (network, pid, etc) of the target pod but remain in a separate resource group (e.g. cgroup for container-based runtimes).
This would be a rather fundamental change to pod, which is currently treated as an atomic unit. The Container Runtime Interface has no provisions for sharing outside of a pod sandbox and would need a refactor. This could be a complicated change for non-container runtimes (e.g. hypervisor runtimes) which have more rigid boundaries between pods.
Effectively, Debug Pod must be implemented by the runtimes while Debug Containers are implemented by the kubelet. Minimizing change to the Kubernetes API is not worth the increased complexity for the kubelet and runtimes.
It could also be possible to implement a Debug Pod as a privileged pod that runs in the host namespace and interacts with the runtime directly to run a new container in the appropriate namespace. This solution would be runtime-specific and effectively pushes the complexity of debugging to the user. Additionally, requiring node-level access to debug a pod does not meet our requirements.
The kubelet could support executing a troubleshooting binary from the node in the namespaces of the container. Once executed this binary would lose access to other binaries from the node, making it of limited utility and a confusing user experience.
This couples the debug tools with the lifecycle of the node, which is worse than coupling it with container images.


--- layout: default ---
Guruji Prem Nirmal and Guruma Bharti Ji guide us through this transforming journey as we understand how to merge materialism and spirituality and live a life of abundance. Both Guruji and Guruma are spiritual scientists, who encourage us to learn by questioning and support their explanation scientific proof.
{% else %}Self guided journey for self purification. Becoming a conscious traveler by taking a self-guided journey/retreat can be a transforming. Self guided journey allows you to explore more than just the destination, and take that first step to discover more about your inner self, ask questions, visit yourself, meditate, contemplate, reflect and bond with higher consciousness, Its a journey which encourages you to ‘sense’ the vibrations of a location and ‘feel’ the energy of a destination. Embarking on journey which includes not just places but your self ...is conscious traveling on a self-guided journey.
{% endif %}{{ experience }}
{% endfor %}Journey Highlights
{% for highlight in page.journey-highlights %}


| 1 | /* | |
| 2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more | |
| 3 | * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with | |
| 4 | * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. | |
| 5 | * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 | |
| 6 | * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with | |
| 7 | * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 8 | * | |
| 9 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 10 | * | |
| 11 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 12 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 13 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 14 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 15 | * limitations under the License. | |
| 16 | */ | |
| 17 | package org.apache.commons.collections4.sequence; | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | import java.util.ArrayList; | |
| 20 | import java.util.List; | |
| 21 | ||
| 22 | /** | |
| 23 | * This class handles sequences of replacements resulting from a comparison. | |
| 24 | *
 | |
| 25 | * The comparison of two objects sequences leads to the identification of common | |
| 26 | * parts and parts which only belong to the first or to the second sequence. The | |
| 27 | * common parts appear in the edit script in the form of keep commands, | |
| 28 | * they can be considered as synchronization objects between the two sequences. | |
| 29 | * These synchronization objects split the two sequences in synchronized | |
| 30 | * sub-sequences. The first sequence can be transformed into the second one by | |
| 31 | * replacing each synchronized sub-sequence of the first sequence by the | |
| 32 | * corresponding sub-sequence of the second sequence. This is a synthetic way to | |
| 33 | * see an {@link EditScript edit script}, replacing individual | |
| 34 | * {@link DeleteCommand delete}, {@link KeepCommand keep} and | |
| 35 | * {@link InsertCommand insert} commands by fewer replacements acting on | |
| 36 | * complete sub-sequences. | |
| 37 | *
 | |
| 38 | * This class is devoted to perform this interpretation. It visits an | |
| 39 | * {@link EditScript edit script} (because it implements the | |
| 40 | * {@link CommandVisitor CommandVisitor} interface) and calls a user-supplied | |
| 41 | * handler implementing the {@link ReplacementsHandler ReplacementsHandler} | |
| 42 | * interface to process the sub-sequences. | |
| 43 | * | |
| 44 | * @see ReplacementsHandler | |
| 45 | * @see EditScript | |
| 46 | * @see SequencesComparator | |
| 47 | * | |
| 48 | * @since 4.0 | |
| 49 | * @version $Id: ReplacementsFinder.java 1477760 2013-04-30 18:34:03Z tn $ | |
| 50 | */ | |
| 51 | public class ReplacementsFinder<T> implements CommandVisitor<T> { | |
| 52 | ||
| 53 | private final List<T> pendingInsertions; | |
| 54 | private final List<T> pendingDeletions; | |
| 55 | private int skipped; | |
| 56 | ||
| 57 | /** Handler to call when synchronized sequences are found. */ | |
| 58 | private final ReplacementsHandler<T> handler; | |
| 59 | ||
| 60 | /** | |
| 61 | * Simple constructor. Creates a new instance of {@link ReplacementsFinder}. | |
| 62 | * | |
| 63 | * @param handler handler to call when synchronized sequences are found | |
| 64 | */ | |
| 65 | public ReplacementsFinder(final ReplacementsHandler<T> handler) { | |
| 66 | pendingInsertions = new ArrayList<T>(); | |
| 67 | pendingDeletions = new ArrayList<T>(); | |
| 68 | skipped = 0; | |
| 69 | this.handler = handler; | |
| 70 | } | |
| 71 | ||
| 72 | /** | |
| 73 | * Add an object to the pending insertions set. | |
| 74 | * | |
| 75 | * @param object object to insert | |
| 76 | */ | |
| 77 | public void visitInsertCommand(final T object) { | |
| 78 | pendingInsertions.add(object); | |
| 79 | } | |
| 80 | ||
| 81 | /** | |
| 82 | * Handle a synchronization object. | |
| 83 | *
 | |
| 84 | * When a synchronization object is identified, the pending insertions and | |
| 85 | * pending deletions sets are provided to the user handler as subsequences. | |
| 86 | * | |
| 87 | * @param object synchronization object detected | |
| 88 | */ | |
| 89 | public void visitKeepCommand(final T object) { | |
| 90 |
2
1. visitKeepCommand : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE 2. visitKeepCommand : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if (pendingDeletions.isEmpty() && pendingInsertions.isEmpty()) { |
| 91 |
1
1. visitKeepCommand : Replaced integer addition with subtraction → NO_COVERAGE |
++skipped; |
| 92 | } else { | |
| 93 |
1
1. visitKeepCommand : removed call to org/apache/commons/collections4/sequence/ReplacementsHandler::handleReplacement → NO_COVERAGE |
handler.handleReplacement(skipped, pendingDeletions, pendingInsertions); |
| 94 |
1
1. visitKeepCommand : removed call to java/util/List::clear → NO_COVERAGE |
pendingDeletions.clear(); |
| 95 |
1
1. visitKeepCommand : removed call to java/util/List::clear → NO_COVERAGE |
pendingInsertions.clear(); |
| 96 | skipped = 1; | |
| 97 | } | |
| 98 | } | |
| 99 | ||
| 100 | /** | |
| 101 | * Add an object to the pending deletions set. | |
| 102 | * | |
| 103 | * @param object object to delete | |
| 104 | */ | |
| 105 | public void visitDeleteCommand(final T object) { | |
| 106 | pendingDeletions.add(object); | |
| 107 | } | |
| 108 | ||
| 109 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 90 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 91 |
1.1 |
|
| 93 |
1.1 |
|
| 94 |
1.1 |
|
| 95 |
1.1 |


--- layout: post title: Replacing Maven 3.x with Maven 2.2.1 on OS X Mountain Lion date: 2013-08-15 11:31:40.000000000 +01:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: [] meta: tmac_last_id: '618797345497579520' _edit_last: '1' _syntaxhighlighter_encoded: '1' author: David Simpson excerpt_separator: ---
Update: This works just as well on OS X Mavericks. Also, if you need to add legacy Java 1.6 support back into your system, download and install Java for OS X 2014-001.
My MacBook Pro has Maven 3.0.3 on it:
$ mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.0.3 (r1075438; 2011-02-28 17:31:09+0000)
Maven home: /usr/share/maven
Java version: 1.7.0_17, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_17.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "10.8.4", arch: "x86_64", family: "mac"
I don't want that. I want Maven 2.2.1.
/usr/share/maven
is just a symlink to the install directory, so install version 2.2.1 and swap the symlink. Done.
Install Maven 2.2.1 using Homebrew:
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew install maven2
==> Downloading http://www.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-2/2.2.1/binaries/apache-maven-2.2.1-bin.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
Move the symlink and recreate:
cd /usr/share
sudo mv maven maven-3.0.3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/maven2/2.2.1 maven
Now check:
mvn -version
Apache Maven 2.2.1 (r801777; 2009-08-06 20:16:01+0100)
Java version: 1.6.0_51
Java home: /System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/1.6.0.jdk/Contents/Home
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: MacRoman
OS name: "mac os x" version: "10.8.4" arch: "x86_64" Family: "mac"
Lovely. Job done.


Home
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Orders
Account
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cart
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Action Cam


Todo list
Projects
Project
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Add task
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Priority
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Description
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{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block title %}Synapis E-Ticketing{% endblock %} {% block content %}
E-Ticket Service
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public abstract class TrcServo
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static double |
CONTINUOUS_SERVO_FORWARD_MAX |
static double |
CONTINUOUS_SERVO_REVERSE_MAX |
static double |
CONTINUOUS_SERVO_STOP |
protected TrcDbgTrace |
dbgTrace |
protected static boolean |
debugEnabled |
protected static java.lang.String |
moduleName |
protected static TrcDbgTrace.MsgLevel |
msgLevel |
protected static TrcElapsedTimer |
servoSetPosElapsedTimer |
protected static TrcDbgTrace.TraceLevel |
traceLevel |
protected static boolean |
tracingEnabled |
protected static boolean |
useGlobalTracer |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
TrcServo(java.lang.String instanceName)
Constructor: Creates an instance of the object.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
double |
getEncoderPosition()
This method returns the current physical position of the servo as read by an encoder.
|
abstract double |
getPosition()
This method returns the logical position value set by the last setPosition call.
|
abstract boolean |
isInverted()
This abstract method checks if the servo motor direction is inverted.
|
static void |
printElapsedTime(TrcDbgTrace tracer)
This method prints the elapsed time info using the given tracer.
|
static void |
setElapsedTimerEnabled(boolean enabled)
This method enables/disables the elapsed timers for performance monitoring.
|
abstract void |
setInverted(boolean inverted)
This abstract method inverts the servo motor direction.
|
void |
setLogicalRange(double logicalMin,
double logicalMax)
This method sets the logical range of the servo motor.
|
void |
setPhysicalRange(double physicalMin,
double physicalMax)
This method sets the physical range of the servo motor.
|
abstract void |
setPosition(double position)
This method sets the servo logical position, mapping [0,1] => [min,max].
|
void |
setPosition(double position,
double timeout,
TrcEvent event)
This method sets the servo motor position.
|
void |
setPosition(double position,
double timeout,
TrcNotifier.Receiver notifier)
This method sets the servo motor position.
|
protected double |
toLogicalPosition(double physicalPosition)
This method is called to convert a physical position to a logical position.
|
protected double |
toPhysicalPosition(double logicalPosition)
This method is called to convert a logical position to a physical position.
|
java.lang.String |
toString()
This method returns the instance name.
|
protected static final java.lang.String moduleName
protected static final boolean debugEnabled
protected static final boolean tracingEnabled
protected static final boolean useGlobalTracer
protected static final TrcDbgTrace.TraceLevel traceLevel
protected static final TrcDbgTrace.MsgLevel msgLevel
protected TrcDbgTrace dbgTrace
public static final double CONTINUOUS_SERVO_FORWARD_MAX
public static final double CONTINUOUS_SERVO_REVERSE_MAX
public static final double CONTINUOUS_SERVO_STOP
protected static TrcElapsedTimer servoSetPosElapsedTimer
public TrcServo(java.lang.String instanceName)
instanceName
- specifies the instance name of the servo.public abstract void setInverted(boolean inverted)
inverted
- specifies the servo direction is inverted if true.public abstract boolean isInverted()
public abstract void setPosition(double position)
On a 180-degree servo, 0.0 is at 0-degree and 1.0 is at 180-degree. For a 90-degree servo, 0->0deg, 1->90deg. If servo direction is inverted, then 0.0 is at 180-degree and 1.0 is at 0-degree. On a continuous servo, 0.0 is rotating full speed in reverse, 0.5 is to stop the motor and 1.0 is rotating the motor full speed forward. Again, motor direction can be inverted if setInverted is called.
position
- specifies the motor position value.public abstract double getPosition()
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object
public static void setElapsedTimerEnabled(boolean enabled)
enabled
- specifies true to enable elapsed timers, false to disable.public static void printElapsedTime(TrcDbgTrace tracer)
tracer
- specifies the tracer to use for printing elapsed time info.public double getEncoderPosition()
java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
- if not supported by TrcServo implementation.public void setPosition(double position, double timeout, TrcNotifier.Receiver notifier)
position
- specifies the physical position of the servo motor. This value may be in degrees if
setPhysicalRange is called with the degree range.timeout
- specifies a maximum time value the operation should be completed in seconds.notifier
- specifies a notifier to be notified when the timeout event has expired.public void setPosition(double position, double timeout, TrcEvent event)
position
- specifies the physical position of the servo motor. This value may be in degrees if
setPhysicalRange is called with the degree range.timeout
- specifies a maximum time value the operation should be completed in seconds.event
- specifies an event object to signal when the timeout event has expired.public void setPhysicalRange(double physicalMin, double physicalMax)
physicalMin
- specifies the minimum value of the physical range.physicalMax
- specifies the maximum value of the physical range.public void setLogicalRange(double logicalMin, double logicalMax)
logicalMin
- specifies the minimum value of the logical range.logicalMax
- specifies the maximum value of the logical range.protected double toLogicalPosition(double physicalPosition)
physicalPosition
- specifies the physical position to be convertedprotected double toPhysicalPosition(double logicalPosition)
logicalPosition
- specifies the logical position to be converted.


Imperial Mountains [an67], mountain, in Imperia, wilderness
Last updated Turn #128
Imperial Mountains [an67], mountain, in Imperia, wilderness
------------------------------------------------------------------------
20: Stack of nazgul [fa0u], nazgul, number: 3, arrived from the north.
22: Stack of nazgul [fa0u], nazgul, number: 3, went east.
23: Stack of nazgul [gp0w], nazgul, number: 2, arrived from the west.
24: Stack of savages [ic5e], savages, number: 15, went west.
25: Stack of nazgul [gp0w], nazgul, number: 2, went east.
25: Stack of nazgul [hw4b], nazgul, number: 2, arrived from the east.
26: Stack of nazgul [dk8c], nazgul, number: 2, arrived from the north.
27: Stack of nazgul [hw4b], nazgul, number: 2, went west.
28: Stack of nazgul [dk8c], nazgul, number: 2, went east.
28: Duncan Lagavulin [i7g], refugee, with one peasant, arrived from the
28: east.
30: It has stopped raining.
Routes leaving Imperial Mountains:
North, plain, to Endless Plains [am67], 7 days
East, mountain, to Imperial Mountains [an68], 10 days
West, mountain, to Imperial Mountains [an66], 10 days
Seen here:
Stack of nazgul [fh8l], nazgul, number: 4
Stack of giants [fw4v], giants, number: 11
Stack of savages [ic5e], savages, number: 14
Stack of nazgul [hw4b], nazgul
Stack of nazgul [dk8c], nazgul
Duncan Lagavulin [i7g], refugee, with one peasant


Fullscreen Video Chat . Press
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And then....... Write to chat in real time!


Hi there, I'm Joyendra Roy Biswas, a final year Electronics and Communication Engineering undergraduate from MSIT, New Delhi. I like to fiddle with any new technology I can get my hands on to and try to build something out of that.
A usual day in my life would be in front of my laptop, typing out a code or trying to fix a bug to improve my project or swelling up my fingers by banging WASD keys. I usually work on IoT or Machine Learning based projects so I'm either surrounded by jumper wires or by languages like C++, Python, JS or Node.
So if you are interested in taking a better look at my doings, access my resume right here.
Since you came this far, I hope you're interested in my work.
To know me better navigate down, else move right.
Easy One. Just like any engineering student, I too have another passion than just building stuff.
Remember Farhan (R Madhavan) from 3 Idiots? Consider me a better version of him (better at engineering :P)
Hmmm, am I that interesting? Nevermind, here's a fun (read Lame) joke.
Nothing interesting left here, you just saw a weird API handling flex stunt. Let's go back up again. PRO TIP: Swipe left to move right or just press right.
PS: Got angry? I tend to do so. I'm a debater afterall.
Thanks for stopping by.
Drop in a line if you're a recruiter :D
(click on the Gmail icon above to do so)
More easter eggs and features to follow. Visit again for new surprises.


7 teams that could make a leap in 2020
by Richard JusticeIf you enjoyed watching the Nationals, Rays, Cardinals and Twins rebound in 2019, you’re going to love 2020. The Mets, Angels and Phillies may be on the cusp of a turnaround. Others appear to be close.
Ya gotta believe!
Or maybe you don’t. In an era of parity, things change and change quickly. Check the numbers: Five teams -- Twins, Dodgers, Nationals, Rangers and White Sox -- had double-digit improvements this year, and two more -- Mets (+9) and Reds (+8) -- were close.
Those swings are how you get a string of six different World Series winners in six seasons. That’s how eight franchises have been to the World Series in the last five seasons. Only the Dodgers and Astros have been more than once.
In the last five seasons, 22 teams have been to the playoffs at least once. This leads to crazy swings.
The Nationals won the 2019 World Series after missing the playoffs in '18. So if you think your favorite team is close, you could be right.
Here are seven poised for a big leap in 2020:
1. Mets
The Mets have the thing every other team in the National League East is seeking, and that’s a very good, very deep starting rotation. The Mets also have a solid core of young position players, and if general manager Brodie Van Wagenen takes care of center field and adds a bullpen arm or two, his team is capable of building on last season’s 40-21 finish. Edwin Díaz and Jeurys Familia will likely pitch at least a little better than they did in 2019.
2. Phillies
The Phillies are determined to finish what they started a year ago, and that means finding upgrades in the rotation and at third base. That’s a big shopping list, but the Phillies showed last season when they signed Bryce Harper and Andrew McCutchen that they’re willing to do whatever it takes to turn things around. Cutch will be healthy again in 2020, and Philadelphia is going to be a fun place to watch baseball.
3. Angels
If you’re thinking big, you begin with Gerrit Cole and Zack Wheeler. If the Angels sign both, they’re back in contention. Conventional wisdom has them spending big on one starting pitcher and more modestly on another. With Shohei Ohtani’s return to the mound, that might be enough. Regardless, 2020 is a big opportunity for the Angels.
4. White Sox
There’s plenty of work still to be done, but it’s impossible not to be bullish on the White Sox because of all their young talent. Whether that turnaround happens in 2020 depends on how right-hander Michael Kopech bounces back from Tommy John surgery and how much general manager Rick Hahn is able to do to upgrade the rotation, right field and designated hitter.
5. Reds
The Reds have competitive pitching, so the focus will be on improving an offense that was 25th in runs and 22nd in OPS in 2019. Some of that improvement could come from full seasons of Aristides Aquino and Nick Senzel and a healthy one from Jesse Winker. But general manager Dick Williams has a shopping list that could include everyone from Didi Gregorius to Marcell Ozuna to Mike Moustakas.
• The latest Didi Gregorius rumors
6. Padres
General manager AJ Preller has constructed one of the best farm systems in the game, and Padres ownership has shown a willingness to spend money in free agency. There are likely to be upgrades around the diamond, but the real improvement will come from within. There’s enough talent to do that in 2020, especially if Fernando Tatis Jr. can stay healthy for a full season.
7. Rangers
The Rangers improved by 11 games and were one of baseball’s surprise teams in 2019 thanks to 200-inning seasons from Mike Minor and Lance Lynn, a breakthrough (and injury-shortened) season from Joey Gallo and a great find in utility man Danny Santana. General manager Jon Daniels will go hard for help at third base (Anthony Rendon, Josh Donaldson or Mike Moustakas) and in the rotation (Madison Bumgarner, Zack Wheeler, etc.). If he’s successful, the Rangers could be competitive in the American League West.
Richard Justice has been a reporter for MLB.com since 2011. Listen to his podcast and follow him on Twitter at @RichardJustice.


Check if the character represented by a given Unicode code point is fullwidth
$ npm install --save is-fullwidth-code-point
var isFullwidthCodePoint = require('is-fullwidth-code-point');
isFullwidthCodePoint('谢'.codePointAt());
//=> true
isFullwidthCodePoint('a'.codePointAt());
//=> false
Type: number
Code point of a character.
MIT © Sindre Sorhus


HOUSTON Five-o
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Houston Five-o Crime Predictor
Select the address you want and click on the location marker to view our crime prediction -
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Severity by Hour


It is in the Adaming locals that our story begins, where we learned the hard way that coding wasn't just all about fun
In 2019 our first store opened in the center Of Lille, we thaught it was an acomplishment but it was actually just the beginning
With all the success that our brand encountered we had to deploy on an all other scale hiring more and more to fulfill the needs of our customers
Now that the french market is ours we expect to expend to America and Russia


Attention, Do not be offended if by any way this email is offensive to your personal being; well,my name is John Davids, I work with a reputable organisation here in London-England. I am contacting you based on investing certain amount of monies on properties allocation. For the fact that you do not know me does not mean you should discard this email, rather it gives a room why you and I should be business partners. Please note here that this venture is not in any form, way or likes with whatever you might have heard, neither received nor been through before. However, my main reasons for contacting you is to seek and reach a mutual agreement with you, thus needing your assistance in conveying certain amount of monies to you in your country; most of the monies would be utilized judiciously mostly on Properties. This fund - US$38 Million which came to my notice after going through series of abandoned files of foreign account holder at my organisation; the peculiar file that got my attention was that of a Russian; Stoitckov Huroni, who I did some research on and found out he was an Oil tycoon from Tomsk, Russia. According to my findings, the deceased has been a reputable client to this organisation; After much findings on this Multimillionaire business oil tycoon, I decided to take it upon myself and find out much about this man; I found out he has no living relatives! I also discovered that he actually died in Jail due to his brutal arrest by the Russian President, Vladimir Putin; I decided to take this issue up and I met with some colleagues; we thus decided and agreed to transfer the fund into an escrow account pending till we find a trustworthy person or good firm with great business margin whose account we will transfer this fund for mutual. Reasons for this steps is to avoid a situation where at the end of this quarter, the top executives of this organisation will confiscate the account and diffuse this money among themselves because the President of Russia had made it known any foreign organisation accommodating funds of his political rivals would have herself to blame. We also discovered the Russian President, Mr. Putin has held up and seized all monies lodged in foreign account by his political rival, and one of such people was the unfortunate Mr. Huroni. What we intend to do upon your acceptance is to use you as a Next of Kin of late Mr. Stoitckov Huroni and transfer this fund into your account and of which you would be greatly awarded in kind for your participation. Having stated the above, it will interest you to know that, there is no risk or whatsoever involved in this transaction hence we have perfected all modalities to make this a success while requesting for a catalogue of properties for sale in your country, for our study. Should you be interested therefore, do contact me through my email address –<EMAIL_ADDRESS>else ignore this message! You would be given more details upon your acceptance to be a foreign partner!!! Best Regards, John Davids ******************************************************************************* ***************** CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This electronic message contains information which may be legally confidential, discrete and/or privileged and does not in any case an offensive to your person . The information is intended solely for the individual or entity named above and access by anyone else is unauthorized. If you are not the intended recipient, any disclosure, copying, distribution, or use of the contents of this information is prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this electronic transmission in error, please reply immediately to the sender that you have received the message in error, and delete it. © 2007 Lloyds TSB Bank ******************************************************************************* *****************


Baden & Mikaela's Camping Set
The classic vintage style of this set has made it my favorite out of all the camping sets.
From the box:
It's not often that brothers and sisters like doing the same thing, but Baden Renard (a Boy Scout) and Mikeala Renard (a Girl Guide) both love camping. They have everything they need for the great outdoors, tent, flagpole, open fire, and fireside stools, pots, pans, knives, and forks, plates, bottles of pop.


My name is Patrick, and I am a registered Mechanical engineer in the Philippines and an aspiring programmer. I believe that knowing how to program, specially in the Philippines where modern technology is getting better and more available to the general public, is a very powerful tool in an engineer's toobox.
This website will hopefully showcase some of my current and future programming projects and can one day serve as a portfolio of my skills and experiences.