In this notebook, we explore the movie rating data.
! rm -f ratings.dat
! wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/snowch/movie-recommender-demo/master/web_app/data/ratings.dat
Let's check the structure of the data ...
! head -3 ratings.dat
! echo
! tail -3 ratings.dat
Ok, so we should have:
UserID::MovieID::Rating::Timestamp
Now load the data into a RDD:
from pyspark.mllib.recommendation import Rating
ratingsRDD = sc.textFile('ratings.dat') \
.map(lambda l: l.split("::")) \
.map(lambda p: Rating(
user = int(p[0]),
product = int(p[1]),
rating = float(p[2]),
)).cache()
It's useful to check some highlevel statistics on the data. For example, we can see that ratings are between 1.0 and 5.0
ratingsRDD.toDF().describe().show()
First we we zoom in to visualize the ratings for a subset of users (user id < 10 and movie id < 20). We should see a sparse matrix.
After that, we can zoom back out to look at the ratings for all of the users across all of the movies.
Let's take a subset of the data
ratings = ratingsRDD.filter(lambda x: x.user < 20 and x.product < 20).toDF()
Separate the x (user) values and also the y (movie) values for matplotlib.
Also normalise the rating value so that it is between 0 and 1. This is required for coloring the markers.
from pyspark.sql.functions import min, max
user = ratings.map(lambda x: int(x.user)).cache()
movie = ratings.map(lambda x: int(x.product)).cache()
min_r = ratings.select(min('rating')).take(1)[0]['min(rating)']
max_r = ratings.select(max('rating')).take(1)[0]['max(rating)']
def normalise(x):
rating = (x - min_r) / (max_r - min_r)
return float(rating)
ratingN = ratings.map(lambda x: normalise(x.rating)).cache()
We can now plot the sparse matrix of ratings for this subset of users and movies.
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import numpy as np
min_user = ratings.select(min('user')).take(1)[0]['min(user)']
max_user = ratings.select(max('user')).take(1)[0]['max(user)']
min_movie = ratings.select(min('product')).take(1)[0]['min(product)']
max_movie = ratings.select(max('product')).take(1)[0]['max(product)']
width = 5
height = 5
plt.figure(figsize=(width, height))
plt.ylim([min_user-1,max_user+1])
plt.xlim([min_movie-1,max_movie+1])
plt.yticks(np.arange(min_user-1, max_user+1, 1))
plt.xticks(np.arange(min_movie-1, max_movie+1, 1))
plt.xlabel('Movie ID')
plt.ylabel('User ID')
plt.title('Movie Ratings')
ax = plt.gca()
ax.patch.set_facecolor('#898787') # dark grey background
colors = plt.cm.YlOrRd(ratingN.collect())
plt.scatter(
movie.collect(),
user.collect(),
s=50,
marker="s",
color=colors,
edgecolor=colors)
plt.legend(
title='Rating',
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(1,1),
handles=[
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0), label='1'),
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0.25), label='2'),
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0.5), label='3'),
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0.75), label='4'),
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0.99), label='5')
])
plt.show()
In the plot, you can see the ratings color code. For example User 1 has rated movie 1 with the highest rating of 5.
Let's dump the dataset to double check ...
ratings.collect()
The plot is as expected, so we can repeat this with the full data set.
This time we don't need to filter the RDD
ratings = ratingsRDD.toDF()
Same functions as before ...
from pyspark.sql.functions import min, max
user = ratings.map(lambda x: int(x.user)).cache()
movie = ratings.map(lambda x: int(x.product)).cache()
min_r = ratings.select(min('rating')).take(1)[0]['min(rating)']
max_r = ratings.select(max('rating')).take(1)[0]['max(rating)']
def normalise(x):
rating = (x - min_r) / (max_r - min_r)
return float(rating)
ratingN = ratings.map(lambda x: normalise(x.rating)).cache()
Slightly modified chart, for example to print out smaller markers
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import numpy as np
max_user = ratings.select(max('user')).take(1)[0]['max(user)']
max_movie = ratings.select(max('product')).take(1)[0]['max(product)']
width = 10
height = 10
plt.figure(figsize=(width, height))
plt.ylim([0,max_user])
plt.xlim([0,max_movie])
plt.ylabel('User ID')
plt.xlabel('Movie ID')
plt.title('Movie Ratings')
ax = plt.gca()
ax.patch.set_facecolor('#898787') # dark grey background
colors = plt.cm.YlOrRd(ratingN.collect())
plt.scatter(
movie.collect(),
user.collect(),
s=1,
edgecolor=colors)
plt.legend(
title='Rating',
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(1,1),
handles=[
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0), label='1'),
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0.25), label='2'),
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0.5), label='3'),
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0.75), label='4'),
mpatches.Patch(color=plt.cm.YlOrRd(0.99), label='5')
])
plt.show()
We can see some clear patterns. The vertical lines could indicate that the movie is rated similarly by all users.
The horizontal lines could also indicate that a person ranks all movies fairly similarly - if a pale line, they tend to rate negatively and dark red positively.
There are some interesting grey patterns too, where users have not rated movies. Notice the grey arc at the top right of the plot.
The Product Features and User Features are referred to as latent factors because we don't know (or care) what they actually represent - their meaning is hidden (latent) from us. The number of latent features is also called the rank. In the example above, we are assuming that there are five features, so the rank is 5.
It may help you intuitively if you think of the latent features as representing movie attributes such as genre, actors or release date.
The ALS algorithm when generating the Product Features and User Features works approximately like this:
After each iteration the least squares error will be lower than the previous iteration. The optimum number of iterations can be determined by experimentation.
If the ALS algorithm just solved using least squares there is a potential that the generated User and Product features will be overfitted to the data. The Lambda parameter prevents overfitting. The optimum value for the Lambda parameter can be determined by experimentation.
from pyspark.mllib.recommendation import ALS
# rank is the number of latent feature
rank = 5
numIterations = 20
lambdaParam = 0.1
model = ALS.train(ratings, rank, numIterations, lambdaParam)
Let's take a peek at the user features for user IDs 1 and 2
model.userFeatures().sortByKey().take(2)
Let's take a peek at the product features for movie IDs 1 and 2
model.productFeatures().sortByKey().take(2)
We can now use linear algebra to predict the rating 'manually' directly from the user and product features for user ID=1 and movie ID=1:
import numpy as np
np.dot(
model.userFeatures().sortByKey().take(1)[0][1],
model.productFeatures().sortByKey().take(1)[0][1]
)
Spark provides an API so we don't have to perform the manual calculations.
Let's use the spark API to predict a rating:
model.predict(user=1, product=1)
Spark also has API's to perform bulk calculations such as predicting the top X products for all users. Let's look at the data for two users (.take(2)
):
top_ten_for_all_users = model.recommendProductsForUsers(5).toDF().take(2)
Pretty print the recommendations
for user in top_ten_for_all_users:
print('')
for prediction in user['_2']:
print(prediction)
In the production web application, we predict the top 10 products for all users every hour and we populate the recommendations in a Cloudant database where they can be easily accessed by the web application code.


Highway 14 near Oregon reopens following crash
by Brandon ArbuckleOREGON, Wis. - All lanes on Highway 14 near Oregon have reopened following a crash Wednesday night.
According to an alert from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, all eastbound and westbound lanes on Highway 14 at Highway 138 were blocked after a crash happened at 8:18 p.m.
The incident was cleared at 9:20 p.m.


Syncronous Rendering
Frontless can render pages after all asynchronous calls are complete. Including children riot components nested inside the page markup.
You can achieve this behaviour by using the async fetch()
hook.
Also, all Riot.JS components are initialized in the browser with the last state
they were on the server side. So there's no need to make the same API calls twice per one request.
The fetch hook
On the server side, the render function emits all fetch()
hooks presented in the Riot.JS component tree before redering actual HTML.
The fetch hook gives a guaranty that the components always render after the required data is fetched.
It is convenient when there is a need to request data from an API and then update component's state.
The fetch()
method is emited automatically on the server side, however on the browser it must be called manually (for example when you need to refresh UI).
The fetch() hook must return a Promise. It is recommended to use async - await
syntax when making API calls.
Example:
<my-component>
<h1>{state.title}</h1>
<script>
export default () => ({
async fetch() {
const title = await Model.get('/title').data
this.update({title,})
}
})
</script>
</my-component>
In this example the fetch method is emited on server and after requesting data from API it updates components state. When this component is mounted in browser it will already be initialized with the state it received on the server side.
Caveats
Since the fetch hook works with promises there are couple things that should be considered:
- Frontless doesn't handle promise rejections and will render the page even if there were unhandled errors. Handling promise rejections is left up to user.
- Promises and async function on server side run in global context so careful usage of global variables is advised.


The crowd roared as the “Gizz Wiz” rocked on the main stage for just over an hour when the keyboardist left his station, grabbed a mic, hopped on a speaker and crowd-surfed over the fans.
Over on the middle stage, Tontrakul beamed Isaan culture through every flick of his naga-headed phin and breath through his khaen mouth organ. Before him, the audience formed a mini dance troupe of serng, the joyous northeastern folk dance.
Over on the smallest of the three stages (the only indoor) at this past weekend’s Maho Rasop Festival, Canadian rapper Bbno$ bragged about his Tesla, worked the crowd with his frivolous-yet-infectious track Shining on My Ex, before jumping off the stage to swag and bump with his bouncing disciples.
There was music for everyone at Maho Rasop’s packed second outing at Bangkok’s Live Rama IX. The diverse, impressive lineup — acts both renowned and on-the-rise — coupled with quality production values made for Bangkok’s best outdoor, international music festival in memory.


While you sit in a tent, we will do all the hard work of collecting all penalties. With minimal effort
you have access to all the latest penalties with all the relevant information... without a click.
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fit_trt_spec_reg
, which
fits the proportion odds model in a given treatment arm.R/nuisance_fn.R
estimate_pmf.Rd
Get a treatment-specific estimate of the conditional PMF.
Essentially this is a wrapper function for fit_trt_spec_reg
, which
fits the proportion odds model in a given treatment arm.
estimate_pmf(out, treat, covar, out_levels, out_form = NULL, out_model, treat_prob_est, stratify = FALSE, return_models = TRUE, ...)
| out | A |
|---|---|
| treat | A |
| covar | A |
| out_levels | A |
| out_form | The right-hand side of a regression formula for the working proportional odds model. NOTE: THIS FORMULA MUST NOT SUPPRESS THE INTERCEPT. |
| out_model | Which R function should be used to fit the proportional odds
model. Options are |
| treat_prob_est | Estimated probability of treatments, output from call
to |
| stratify | Boolean indicating whether to use nonparametric maximum likelihood
(i.e., a stratified estimator). If |
| return_models | If |
| ... | Other options (not used). |
A list with fm
the fitted model for treatment 1 and 0 (or, if
!return_models
then NULL
) and pmf
the estimated PMF
under treatment 1 and 0 evaluated on each observation.


Enjoy the convenience of a nutritious, diet-compliant prepared breakfast to start the day.
Dorota's lunch options are packed in portable containers so you can easily bring them along to the office.
After a day at work, enjoy the convenience of a prepared dinner waiting for you in your refrigerator.
Dorota works with clients who have special diets including vegetarians and vegans.


Domino Active Game
Waiting for players
.
.
.
Cancel
End turn
Take from Bazaar
The Game has ended
Someone has left?
Restart


---
title: RAID
permalink: "/raid"
layout: raid
---
Events that will have an adverse impact on your project if they occur. Risk refers to the combined likelihood the event will occur and the impact on the project if it does occur. If the likelihood of the event happening and impact to the project are both high, you identify the event as a risk. The log includes descriptions of each risk, full analysis and a plan to mitigate them.
Any factors that you are assuming to be in place that will contribute to the successful result of your project. The log includes details of the assumption, the reason it is assumed, and the action needed to confirm whether the assumption is valid.
Something that is going wrong on your project and needs managing. Failure to manage issues may result in a poor delivery or even complete failure. The log includes descriptions of each issue, its impact, its seriousness and actions needed to contain and remove it.
Any event or work that are either dependent on the result of your project, or on which your project will be dependent. The log captures whom you are dependent on, what they should deliver and when. It may also include who is dependent on you.


Polling rates
Streaming rates
All rates
EUR/USD only
4 req/sec
1 req/sec
0.5 req/sec
Streaming:
Polling:


No notes in this notebook. You can create a new note.
No search result found. Try again with a different terms or try searching in a different notebook.


Honda Works On Second EV, Quits Diesel, and Puts Hydrogen On Hold
by BeauHDSocguy writes: In late October, at Honda's "Electric Vision" event in Amsterdam, the company said it was "electrifying" its entire product line, which mostly means hybrids. "We will bring further battery-electric products to the market," they said. At the same time it would seem, diesel and hydrogen are on the way out. Katsushi Inoue, Honda Europe's president, said: "Maybe hydrogen fuel cell cars will come, but that's a technology for the next era. Our focus is on hybrid and electric vehicles now." Diesel is also on the way out as in September, Honda said it would phase out all diesel cars by 2021. In addition to the all-electric Honda E, which is launching in Europe next year, the company will introduce a second EV that's expected to be revealed by 2022.


| Name | TextBox |
|---|---|
| Description |
This GUI element is a rectangle input in which text can be entered if the box is focused.
Functionality:
|
| Constructor |
TextBox(PApplet pap, int x, int y, int width, int height). This constructs a new TextBox object within the current context (PApplet), starting from the x and y coordinates, having the specified width and height. |
| Methods |
getText() isFocused() setBorderRoundings() setHandleFocus() setIsFocused() setKeyEventListener setText() setTextSize() |


The Metrics Menu
This menu is not present in the Bitmap View, and the Metrics View only contains
"Center in Width" and "Thirds in Width".
-
Center in Width
-
In the Outline and Metrics Views this centers the current glyph (makes its
lbearing be the same as its rbearing) within the current width.
In the Font View the same thing is done for all selected glyphs.
-
Thirds in Width
-
This is very like Center in Width above... except that I happen to prefer
having a bit more white space after my glyphs than before them. So this command
makes the rbearing twice the lbearing (instead of making them be the same).
-
Window Type
-
In the Metrics View, the window may behave in different ways.
-
Kerning Only
-
This metrics view may only be used to adjust kerning
-
Advance Width Only
-
This metrics view may only be used to adjust the advance widths of glyphs
-
Both
-
This metrics view will adjust either the advance width or kerning
-
Set Width...
-
The Set Width command allows you to change the width of the current glyph
(in the outline view) or all selected glyphs (in the font view). You may
either set the width to an absolute value, change the width by adding a constant
value to it, or multiply it by a scale factor. Normally the width will be
expressed in em-units, but in a bitmap only font the width will be expressed
as pixels in the current displayed font.
-
Set LBearing...
-
The Set LBearing command is similar to the Set Width command above, the dialog
is pretty much the same except that it applies to the left side bearing rather
than to the width.
-
Set RBearing...
-
The Set RBearing command is similar to the Set Width command above, the dialog
is pretty much the same except that it applies to the right side bearing
rather than to the width.
-
Auto Width...
-
This command is only available in the font view.
It attempts to guess reasonable values
for the widths (more accurately the left and right bearings) of the specified
glyphs.
-
Kern By Classes...
-
This command is only available from the font and metrics views. It provides
the user with a dialog to manipulate
kerning classes.
-
Remove All Kern Pairs
-
In the font view removes all kern pairs (and kern classes) in the font.
In the outline glyph view removes all kern pairs where the current glyph
is the left hand glyph.
Not present in the Metrics or Bitmap views.
-
Kern Pair Closeup...
-
(Sorry about the name, I couldn't think of a better).
Allows you to get a look at kerning
between two glyphs at different point-sizes and to build a
"Device Table" (which allows small
corrections from the standard behavior at specified point sizes)
Not present in the Bitmap view.
-
VKern By Classes...
-
This command is only available from the font and metrics views. It provides
the user with a dialog to manipulate
vertical kerning classes.
-
VKern From HKern
-
This command is only available from the font and metrics views. It removes
all current vertical kerning information, then it looks through the font
and for each pair of horizontally kerned glyphs where both have a 'vert'
or 'vrt2' feature it produces a vertical kerning pair for the vertical versions
of those glyphs. (That is: If
A
+V
are horizontally
kerned by -50 and A
=> A.vert
and V
=> V.vert
then this command will produce a vertical kerning
pair between A.vert
+ V.vert
with a value of -50)
-
Remove All VKern Pairs
-
In the font view removes all vertical kern pairs (and kern classes) in the
font.
In the outline glyph view removes all kern pairs where the current glyph
is the left hand glyph.
Not present in the Metrics or Bitmap views.
-
Set Vertical Advance...
-
If vertical metrics are enabled for the font this will be active in the font
and outline glyph view.
It behaves exactly like Set Width... except it works on the vertical advance
rather than the horizontal advance (width).
Other menus
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When you work with us, you are part of a team of committed collaborators. All aspects of our software development process are intergrated, interactive and agile
Our approach unifies design, development and product management to create exceptional products.
We start each project by understanding your business goals, the user's needs and the product requirements
Then we help translate them into effective and elegant solutions.
Contact usDelani Studio
123 456 789 123
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>© 2021 Reuben Nguyo


Staying active throughout the day is something that I enjoy very much.
Very passionate about working in a team and solving challenges that are ahead of us.
Constantly Improving skills and competencies is something that I strive for on daily basis bought at work and in my free time.
Organising, going on the long bike rides on weekends and doing crossfit on work days is something that relaxes me and keeps my mind fresh and sharp.


package messages
Type Members
-
case class
CopyRecordMessage(number: Int, arrayIndex: Int) extends Product with Serializable
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerControllerActor to the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actors.
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerControllerActor to the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actors. It is a request to copy a record from one array to another
- number
- inner array index of the record to copy to
- arrayIndex
- outer array index
-
case class
FinishedCopyingRecordMessage(threadNum: Int) extends Product with Serializable
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actors to the RecordsMakerControllerActor actor.
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actors to the RecordsMakerControllerActor actor. It is a notification that a record has been successfully copied
- threadNum
- actor number of the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actor
-
case class
FinishedMakingRecordMessage(threadNum: Int) extends Product with Serializable
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actors to the RecordsMakerControllerActor actor.
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actors to the RecordsMakerControllerActor actor. It is a notification that a record has been successfully created
- threadNum
- actor number of the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actor
-
case class
FinishedWritingFileMessage(filepath: String) extends Product with Serializable
this is an message object that is sent from the FileWriterActor actors to the RecordsMakerControllerActor actor.
this is an message object that is sent from the FileWriterActor actors to the RecordsMakerControllerActor actor. It is a notification that a file has been successfully created, written to, and closed
- filepath
- full path to the file the actor just wrote to
-
case class
KafkaProducerFinishedMessage() extends Product with Serializable
message sent from the KafkaProducerActor back to the RecordsMakerController when it is done writing a file to a kafka topic
-
case class
KafkaProducerMessage(msg: String) extends Product with Serializable
this message is sent from the RecordsMakerController to the KafkaProducerActor when a file is ready for reading.
this message is sent from the RecordsMakerController to the KafkaProducerActor when a file is ready for reading. The msg sent is the full path to the file
- msg
- full path to the file
-
case class
MakeRecordMessage(number: Int) extends Product with Serializable
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerControllerActor to the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actors.
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerControllerActor to the RecordsMakerAndCopierActor actors. It is a request to create a record in an array
- number
- index into the array where the record should go
-
case class
StartMessage() extends Product with Serializable
this is an actor message that is sent from the RecordMakerController class to the RecordsMakerControllerActor actor, telling it to begin the record making/copying/writing process
-
case class
WriteToFileMessage(filename: String, arrayIndex: Int) extends Product with Serializable
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerControllerActor to the FileWriterActor actors.
this is an message object that is sent from the RecordsMakerControllerActor to the FileWriterActor actors. It is a request to create a file with the results of the contents of an array
- filename
- the name of the file to create
- arrayIndex
- the index in the outer array where the inner array of records is stored


{% extends '../tutorials/tutbaselayout.html' %} {% load static %} {% block content %}
You have seen the basic structure of a C program, so it will be easy to understand other basic building blocks of the C programming language.
A C program consists of various tokens and a token is either a keyword, an identifier, a constant, a string literal, or a symbol. For example, the following C statement consists of five tokens −
printf("Hello, World! \n");
The individual tokens are −
printf ( "Hello, World! \n" );
In a C program, the semicolon is a statement terminator. That is, each individual statement must be ended with a semicolon. It indicates the end of one logical entity.
Given below are two different statements −
printf("Hello, World! \n"); return 0;
You cannot have comments within comments and they do not occur within a string or character literals.
A C identifier is a name used to identify a variable, function, or any other user-defined item. An identifier starts with a letter A to Z, a to z, or an underscore '_' followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits (0 to 9).
C does not allow punctuation characters such as @, $, and % within identifiers. C is a case-sensitive programming language. Thus, Manpower and manpower are two different identifiers in C. Here are some examples of acceptable identifiers −
mohd zara abc move_name a_123 myname50 _temp j a23b9 retVal
The following list shows the reserved words in C. These reserved words may not be used as constants or variables or any other identifier names.
| auto | else | long | switch |
| break | enum | register | typedefauto |
| case | extern | return | union |
| char | float | short | unsigned |
| const | for | signed | void |
| continue | goto | sizeof | volatile |
| default | if | static | while |
| do | int | struct | _Packed |
| double |
A line containing only whitespace, possibly with a comment, is known as a blank line, and a C compiler totally ignores it.
Whitespace is the term used in C to describe blanks, tabs, newline characters and comments. Whitespace separates one part of a statement from another and enables the compiler to identify where one element in a statement, such as int, ends and the next element begins. Therefore, in the following statement −
there must be at least one whitespace character (usually a space) between int and age for the compiler to be able to distinguish them. On the other hand, in the following statement −
no whitespace characters are necessary between fruit and =, or between = and apples, although you are free to include some if you wish to increase readability.


Susan Granger's review of "MIGHTY JOE YOUNG" (Walt Disney Pictures)
Director Ron Underwood's remake of RKO's adventure about an awesome ape is the least-likely-to-succeed of the Christmas movies.  Watching the brutal carnage of their respective mothers, a baby gorilla and little girl cling to one another. Skip ahead 12 years and the gorilla's grown to 15 feet in height, due to a rare, recessive giantism gene, and the girl's become Charlize Theron. They're playmates, living idyllic splendor until they're discovered by a zoologist, Bill Paxton, whose greedy cohorts realize there's profit in capturing the beast.  Everyone is out to kill poor, gentle Joe except the few people who care about him. Tracing the reasoning behind this remake leads to producer Ted Hartley, who bought RKO's film library with his wife, actress and Post-cereal heiress Dina Merrill, who can be glimpsed briefly in a red gown at a fund-raising gala, screaming, "Oh, my God!" Ray Harryhausen and Terry Moore (from the '49 film) do a cameo too. The best part of "Mighty Joe" is Rick Baker's stunning gorilla, a big, hydraulic creation that's even better than his "Gorillas in the Mist" work. The worst part is the dumb, cliche-driven script. Bill Paxton looks as if he's still watching over-his-shoulder for a "Twister," while Charlize Theron is terminally perky, even when she's tunelessly crooning a lullaby. On the Granger Movie Gauge of 1 to 10, "Mighty Joe Young" is a family-oriented 4. Another "Godzilla."
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Inspector Sinai:
Hmm... Let's see if I can make this brief... Once there was a balance here between the power of the Water and Fire Sprites, but now those two have become increasingly aggressive.
Worse, I've received a report that some of the Sprites have embraced the chaos and are changing into fearsome monsters.
We have crafted a weapon to fight them, but we need someone who can wield it...
Ask how to use the weapon.


new user...
${markdown(U.email)} ${markdown(U.comment)}
username
email
firstname
surname
password
repeat
access level
active user
Description:
save


This section demonstrates how to create a simple application using Scene Builder to create an ImageView. For more information on ImageViews or Images check out the ImageView Oracle Documentation.
First, create a new project, or in your current project right click on the FXML file and click "Open in Scene Builder". For specific Scene Builder questions refer to the Scene Builder section of the tutorial.
In the FXML file in Scene Builder, on the left side under "Controls" drag an ImageView into the Pane. Scene Builder allows you to easily resize and format the ImageView in the way you want. On the right side in the Inspector, you can choose the Image you want to load in the ImageView. Make sure the image is in your project directory (/project_name/src/sample/image.jpg), because some problems can occur when you load an image from elsewhere, including the image just not showing up at all. Below is an example of an ImageView in Scene Builder.
Hard coding an image path is ok for static images that will never change, but it is good practice to do the setting in the controller class instead of in the FXML. On the bottom left "Controller" Tab in Scene Builder, choose the corresponding controller class as seen below.
The FXML should be created and modified in Scene Builder, but if you want to modify the FXML directly you can. The ImageView created in FXML should look something like this, with an Image inside of an ImageView, inside of a Pane:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.image.*?>
<?import java.lang.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>
<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>
<AnchorPane maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="243.0" prefWidth="234.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="sample.Controller">
<children>
<VBox prefHeight="175.0" prefWidth="164.0">
<children>
<ImageView fx:id="imageView" fitHeight="243.0" fitWidth="231.0" pickOnBounds="true" preserveRatio="true">
<image>
<Image<EMAIL_ADDRESS>/>
</image>
</ImageView>
</children>
</VBox>
</children>
</AnchorPane>
In Main.java, load the FXML and Controller:
package sample;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class Main extends Application {
private Stage primaryStage;
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception{
this.primaryStage = primaryStage;
this.primaryStage.setTitle("Images Example App");
try {
FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(Main.class.getResource("/sample/sample.fxml"));
AnchorPane layout = (AnchorPane) loader.load();
Controller controller = loader.getController();
controller.setMain(this);
Scene scene = new Scene(layout);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
And finally, in the Controller class create a reference to the ImageView:
package sample;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
public class Controller {
@FXML
ImageView imageView;
Main main;
public void setMain(Main main) {
this.main = main;
}
}
With this reference to the ImageView, we can modify the image however we want. With the regular image:
To use a different image in code, set the Image of the ImageView to something else. The Image object can take in a place in the current directory, or also an image online.
public void setMain(Main main) {
this.main = main;
Image image = new Image("http://i.imgur.com/xkJgXtK.jpg");
imageView.setImage(image);
}
Similarly, you can rotate the image by calling the .setRotate method:
public void setMain(Main main) {
this.main = main;
Image image = new Image("http://i.imgur.com/xkJgXtK.jpg");
imageView.setImage(image);
imageView.setRotate(90);
}
Look at the Oracle documentation for more information about what can be done with ImageViews or Images.


Delegate vs Trigger
A couple frequently asked questions are:
- What's the difference between delegate and trigger?
- When should I use delegate and when should I use trigger?
The short answer is: Use delegate
except when you cannot use delegate
.
Event delegation is a technique used to improve application performance. It drastically reduces the number of event subscriptions by leveraging the "bubbling" characteristic of most DOM events. With event delegation, handlers are not attached to individual elements. Instead, a single event handler is attached to a top-level node such as the body element. When an event bubbles up to this shared top-level handler the event delegation logic calls the appropriate handler based on the event's target .
To find out if
event delegation
can be used with a particular event, google mdn [event name] event
. In fact, preceding any web platform related google search with mdn
often returns a high quality result from the Mozilla Developer Network. Once you're on the event's MDN page, check whether the event bubbles
. Only events that bubble can be used with Aurelia's delegate
binding command. The blur
, focus
, load
and unload
events do not bubble so you'll need to use the trigger
binding command to subscribe to these events.
Here's the MDN page for blur . It has further info on event delegation techniques for the blur and focus events.
Exceptions to the general guidance above:
Use trigger
on buttons when the following conditions are met:
- You need to disable the button.

This will ensure clicks on disabled button's children won't bubble up to the delegate event handler. More info here .
Use trigger
for click
in certain iOS use-cases:
iOS does not bubble click events on elements other than a
, button
, input
and select
. If you're subscribing to click
on a non-input element like a div
and are targeting iOS, use the trigger
binding command.
More info
here
and
here
.
Event delegation with
In most situations, delegate
and trigger
are enough for you to handle user interaction. However, delegate
and trigger
can be sometime too late to react to an event. Some other times, events may never reach to your delegate
or trigger
handlers, this is the case when you interact with content (elements) generated by 3rd party plugins.
delegate
and trigger
will fail in the following example:

Content inside here is generated by a plugin
That will call `event.stopPropagation()` on any click events

This is where you may need another way to listen to click
event, via binding command capture
:

Content inside here is generated by a plugin
That will call `event.stopPropagation()` on any click events

In the 2nd example, onClickPluginContainer()
is guaranteed to happen no matter event.stopPropagation()
is called or not inside the container.
With the introduction of capture
binding command, you may ask "Which is best command for event handling ?".
Well, the short answer above remains true, Use delegate
except when you cannot use delegate
. capture
is not needed normally and may even be confusing as it's not how we normally works with browser events.


My Thanksgiving Weekend started on a Thursday night. It's always been a tradition to drink on Thursday nights, and my friends and I all smoke (fairly large amounts of) marijuana. Friday night was the same story as Thursday, only slightly more drunk than stoned. Saturday night was less drunk, more stoned, and cocaine showed up and made my night. Sunday night I took off to recuperate for what I thought would be another long day of homework and turkey.
After turkey on Monday, I paid a visit to some friends of mine, L and C. We smoked lots of pot, and I drank my wine and me and C poured a few drinks. It was a really rainy and spooky night out, and at about 1:00am, L still hadn't started typing her essay due the next day. C and I agreed to do a tour to the local 24hour Shopper's Drug Mart downtown to pick up some 'Wake-Ups' (those 100mg caffeine pills). I asked him kind of in passing whether or not he wanted to try to find something fun to do while we were there. After checking online, we decided on dimenhydrinate.
We were super-sketchy in the drug store, since we walked around for like 15 mins looking for caffeine pills or gravol, both of which are behind the counter. That was fine, so I bought the Wake-Ups and 2 boxes of generic brand dimenhydrinate tablets (50mg x 10) for $1.99(Cdn) each. On the way out, C told me there was only 10 in each package, so I said he should go buy another (we were taking 15 each, that seemed reasonable). He didn't want to, since the pharmacist wasn't very nice, and she had been giving us eyes before while we stammered out excuses for what we were buying. (Yeah, kinda like being in grade 4 and getting caught doing stuff). So I go out and light a cig, and he goes back in. Success.
We move across the street to the 24hour McDonalds to get some pop to swig on. We were going to be discreet, really, but instead we just popped them all out of the blister packs on our tray, in front of the workers, and started jamming pills into us. I took 5 at once, then another 3, then 4 more and then the last 3 (over the course of 1-2 mins). This was probably close to, if not a little after 2. I bought a cheeseburger, because this was 7 or so hours after my turkey. We got them into us, and C uttered the dreaded phrase: 'Well, there's no turning back now!' and we disembarked from McDonald's towards home.
After about 15-20 mins of walking, I started to feel lightheaded. C voiced this to me, and I burst out with 'Me too! But I didn't want you to feel left out, just in case it hadn't hit you yet!' and I was glad that were both kinda buzzing. I looked ahead, and I saw a woman across the street standing in her driveway holding onto a box. To my surprise, when we walked by, there was a box on the ground and the woman had turned into a cement wall. I said this, and C started laughing at me.
We were walking up the next street from home, and these streets are all lined with huge 100+ year old oaks. Something about the street lights on the wet leaves made the oaks appear to be lined with white flowers, and this blew my mind. I stopped and looked up, and C and I talked about the flowers, which I told him were leaves, and he talked about the flowers. 5-6 mins later he realized they actually were leaves (no, not flowers.) We made it home, me feeling like I was being towed above ground on the sidewalk.
I remember walking in the house, and L laughing at us because we were just big smiles coming in. I gave her the caffeine pills, and she kept slaving at the essay. Things are a little sketchy from here. I went into the bathroom to pee. I was looking at the tub (this was about an hour after we took them, close to 3:00AM) and it looked like the tub was steaming. The walls all appeared to have a smokey, hazy hue coming off of them as well. I finished peeing and went to report to our 'sober' tripsitter and C what I had seen. I remember sitting at the table in the kitchen, and watching the wallpaper in the kitchen steam.
At this point, I retired from the kitchen to allow L time to do her homework, and went to play super nintendo. I remember it was intensely difficult to stand up, and my arms and hands were extremely heavy feeling. I wasn't tired feeling, per se, just kind of numb and sedated. I made it down the long dark hallway with no mishaps, and jumped on the nintendo. C bust in after a period of time (I have NO idea how long) and he looked realy weird to me. His eyes were kind of bugged out and he couldn't put 3 coherent words together. He was stumbling around and mumbling to himself, and if his answers were actually audible, they had nothing to do with the conversation.  I couldn't get any straight answers out of him whatsoever.
I was smoking a cig, and remember chipping the cherry off of it, because I kept getting smoke in my eyes. I think they were just burning because my pupils were the size of pennies. Anyways, after a few minutes, I went to relight my cig, and it was still lit exactly like before. C managed to tell me that he remembered me just laying it there, although I swore I had put it out. Freaky.
I tried to stand up, and almost fell over. My head seemed too heavy for my body to support. My hands were completely numb, and I had been sitting cross-legged and my legs felt like cement. I got to the kitchen and sat down. The heavy-numbness of my body astonished me, and my vision was getting pretty messed up. Everything looked steamy or smokey, and in front of each pupil I could see a black dot. The room was swirling perpendicular to the floor using these 2 black spots like pinnacles. Ever put a magnet on a computer screen and twisted? Yeah, like that, only 2 of them in my vision.
Everything semi-resembled a Van Gogh painting. I started seeing textures and patterns and colours. There didn't really seem to be logical shades of colours, just blotches of primary-type colours. I talked to L for a while, who was starting to get hyper from the caffeine ingestion, and then I left her to finish her essay. C went to bed at around 4:30AM. I haven't talked to him yet today, but he told L that he only slept for about an hour, and he missed his 9:00 class.
I played Nintendo, and L came in at about 5:30 and said she was done. I was ready to pass out, everything was exhausting my brain. I laid down in bed, and she crawled in, and I started hallucinating from looking at the wall. It was moving, waves of texture, but no colour (it was dark, afterall). I passed out after not too long of that, close to 6AM. The alarm went off at 8:00AM, and L, who was unable to fall asleep, but stayed in bed to watch me sleep, got up and got into the shower. I stayed in bed until 8:30, because we had to leave at 9:00 for my class at 9:30. I sat up, feeling slightly hungoverish, that kind of shaky, surreal cloud I'm in if I don't sleep enough after drinking. I sat up, and almost fell over the other side and hit my head.
I stood up, and I felt like a horse on brand new legs. I was F-U-C-T. Everything was spinning around and I wasn't talking much sense. I snapped out of that relatively quick, but I realized that I didn't feel like this was happening. This wasn't happening. I was sure of it. We sat at the kitchen table, and I rolled a joint.  That went down really smooth, and it was about 8:55. I needed something, because I was pretty tired, running on 2 hours of sleep, so I took 200mgs of caffeine.
I don't remember walking to school. I remember leaving the house, because I checked on C before we left (he wasn't going ANYWHERE), and I remember being at school. I didn't have time for a cig before my class, but I'd had 2 or 3 anyway at that point, and I needed to make sure I had a seat in the class. The class was 2 hours. I don't have a CLUE what ANYONE said, I was taking notes, but I don't think I can read them.
My friend was sitting across the room from me, and she told me that I didn't blink once for almost 10 minutes. She also told me that I was staring at nothing for long periods of time (20+ minutes), just buggy eyed. She said my eyes almost looked like they protruded. I was making direct and consitant eye contact with my professor (Polish lady with 2 PhDs who I am intimidated by) for a few minutes, before I realized, blinked and started staring at someone else. She kept looking at me. I couldn't make sense of any language, and I was praying she wouldn't ask me to speak.
I tried to talk to my friend from the class (M) afterwards, but after 2 hours of not speaking, I couldn't really do it. I was trying to say something about something (I still don't know what) and just not making any sense whatsoever. We saw L outside (our classes ended at the same time) and she told M how the night had gone. It's now 12:30AM the next day. It took until mid-afternoon for me to feel sobered up, so I popped some more caffeine pills, and here I am.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Gretty supports hot deployment: whenever the classes, jars or resources [comprising the web-app] are updated, Gretty automatically reloads web-app.
Gretty version 0.0.18+ automatically recompiles and then reloads your web-app, as soon as source code files have changed.
Gretty version 1.0.0+ reloads the changed .class files "on-the-fly", without web-app restart. This is achieved with the help of springloaded library. By default this feature is turned off, you can activate it by setting managedClassReload=true
.
Gretty version 1.1.5+ serves classes and resources of dependency projects directly from their buildDir, thus avoiding assembly/reload of jar files.
You can configure hot deployment by adjusting the gretty configuration properties:
scanInterval defines scan interval, in seconds. When set to zero, hot deployment is fully disabled.
scanDir defines one or more directories, scanned by hot-deployment. The directory could be a string or instance of java.io.File class, denoting relative (to the project) or absolute path.
onScan adds a closure to be called on hot-deployment scan, i.e. each scanInterval seconds. The function is called unconditionally, regardless of whether hot deployment detects changed files or not.
onScanFilesChanged adds a closure to be called whenever hot-deployment detects that files or folders were changed. The closure receives List<String> as the parameter, which holds full paths to all changed files and folders.
recompileOnSourceChange defines, whether the given web-app should automatically recompile on source change.
reloadOnClassChange defines, whether the given web-app should automatically reload when it’s compiled classes change. Note that setting reloadOnClassChange to false have no effect, if managedClassReload=true. That means: if managedClassReload is enabled, then all classes of all web-apps are live-reloaded, independently of reloadOnClassChange setting in individual web-apps.
reloadOnConfigChange defines, whether the given web-app should automatically reload when configuration files (either in WEB-INF or META-INF) change.
reloadOnLibChange defines, whether the given web-app should automatically reload when library files (either in WEB-INF/lib or in maven dependencies) change.
managedClassReload is boolean (default false). When true, the web-server will reload the changed .class files of the given web-app without web-app restart.
Gretty hot deployment assumes the following defaults:
scanInterval is set to one, that means that Gretty scans for changed files every second.
scanDir includes the following directories:
"${projectdir}/src/main/java"
"${projectdir}/src/main/groovy"
"${projectdir}/src/main/resources"
"${projectdir}/build/classes/main"
"${projectdir}/build/resources/main"
all dependency jars and overlay-WARs, comprising the web-app.
recompileOnSourceChange, reloadOnClassChange, reloadOnConfigChange and reloadOnLibChange are all set to true.
managedClassReload is set to false.
|
Tip
|
Hot-deployment function normally serves files in "src/main/java" and "src/main/resources", but not in "src/main/webapp". This latter is processed by another function: Fast reload. |
|
Tip
|
Gretty supports hot deployment only on non-test gradle tasks. Any test tasks (including integration test tasks) run without hot deployment. The generated products also run without hot deployment. |
|
Important
|
Current implementation of hot deployment does not detect changes in Gradle configuration. That means: whenever you change and save "build.gradle", containing Gretty configuration, you need to restart the web-app "by hand", only then the changes will have effect. |


>examine darkness
You can't see the darkness without a light!
>let there be light
Okay, there is light.
>examine the light
It is good.
>divide the light from the darkness
It is so.
>call the light "day" then call the darkness "night"
Called.
Called.
— from a transcript of ‘The Creation’, a game never written but proposed in some of Infocom's surviving documents. (“Estimated development time 8–10 months… shalts and begats and haths.”)
Sighted people observe whether it's light or dark so instantly that the matter seems self-evident. The Inform library has to use reason instead, and it rechecks this reasoning very frequently, because almost any change in the world model can affect the light:
a total eclipse of the sun;
fusing all the lights in the house;
your lamp going out;
a dwarf stealing it and running away;
dropping a lit match which you were seeing by;
putting your lamp into an opaque box and shutting the lid;
black smoke filling up the glass jar that the lamp is in;
the dwarf with your lamp running back into your now-dark room.
The designer of an Inform game isn't allowed to tell the library “the player is now in darkness”, because this would soon lead to inconsistencies. (If you want it to be dark, ensure that there are no light sources nearby.) Because light is automatically calculated, you can write statements like the following, and leave the library to sort out the consequences:
give lamp light; remove match; give glass_jar ~transparent; move dwarf to Dark_Room;
The light
attribute means that an object
is giving off light, or that a room is currently lit, for instance
because it is outdoors in day-time.
•
EXERCISE 40
Abolish darkness altogether, without having to give every location
light
.
· · · · ·
When the player is in darkness, the current location
becomes thedark
, a special object which behaves like a
room and has the short name “Darkness”. Instead, the
variable real_location
always contains the actual room
occupied, regardless of the light level.
The designer can “customise” the darkness
in a game by altering its initial
, description
or short_name
properties. For example, the Initialise
routine of the game might include:
thedark.short_name = "Creepy, nasty darkness";
See §20 for how ‘Ruins’ makes darkness menacing.
· · · · ·
Light is reconsidered at the start of the game,
after any movement of the player, after any change of player, and at
the end of each turn regardless. The presence or absence of light
affects the Look
, Search
, LookUnder
and Examine
actions, and, since this is a common puzzle,
also the Go
action: you can provide a routine called
DarkToDark()
and if you do then it will be called when the player goes from one dark place to another. (It's called just before the room description for the new dark room, normally “Darkness”, is printed). You could then take the opportunity to kill the player off or extract some other forfeit. If you provide no such routine, then the player can move about as freely in the darkness as in the light.
· · · · ·
▲▲ Darkness rules. Here is the full definition of “when there is light”. Remember that the parent of the player object may not be a room: it may be, say, a red car whose parent is a large closed cardboard box whose parent is a room.
transparent
, orsupporter
, orcontainer
which is open
, orenterable
but not a container
.light
attribute set, orlight
attribute set, oradd_to_scope
has light.It may help to note that to “offer light”
is to cast light inward, that is, down the object tree, whereas to
“have light” is to cast light outward, that is, up the
object tree. The library routines IsSeeThrough(obj)
,
OffersLight(obj)
and HasLightSource(obj)
check conditions (2) to (4), returning true
or
false
as appropriate.
•
EXERCISE 41
How would you design a troll who is afraid of the dark, and needs to
be bribed with a light source… so that the troll will be as
happy with a goldfish bowl containing a fluorescent jellyfish as
he would be with a lamp?
•
REFERENCES
For a DarkToDark
routine which discourages wandering about
caves in the dark, see ‘Advent’.
•It is notoriously tricky to handle
the gradual falling of night or a gradual change of visibility.
See §51.


|
| |
SSL_get_error(3)
SSL_get_error - obtain result code for TLS/SSL I/O operation
#include <openssl/ssl.h>
int SSL_get_error(const SSL *ssl, int ret);
SSL_get_error() returns a result code (suitable for the C
``switch'' statement) for a preceding call to SSL_connect(),
SSL_accept(), SSL_do_handshake(),
SSL_read(), SSL_peek(), or
SSL_write() on ssl. The value returned by that TLS/SSL I/O function must be passed to
SSL_get_error() in parameter
ret.
In addition to ssl and ret, SSL_get_error() inspects the current thread's OpenSSL error
queue. Thus, SSL_get_error() must be used in the same thread
that performed the TLS/SSL I/O operation, and no other OpenSSL function
calls should appear in between. The current thread's error queue must be
empty before the TLS/SSL I/O operation is attempted, or
SSL_get_error() will not work reliably.
The following return values can currently occur:
- SSL_ERROR_NONE
-
The TLS/SSL I/O operation completed. This result code is returned if and
only if ret > 0.
- SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN
-
The TLS/SSL connection has been closed. If the protocol version is SSL 3.0
or TLS 1.0, this result code is returned only if a closure alert has
occurred in the protocol, i.e. if the connection has been closed cleanly.
Note that in this case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN
does not necessarily indicate that the underlying transport has been
closed.
- SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ, SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE
-
The operation did not complete; the same TLS/SSL I/O function should be
called again later. If, by then, the underlying BIO has data available for reading (if the result code is SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ) or allows writing data (SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE), then some TLS/SSL protocol progress will take place, i.e. at least part
of an TLS/SSL record will be read or written. Note that the retry may again
lead to a SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ or SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE condition. There is no fixed upper limit for the number of iterations that
may be necessary until progress becomes visible at application protocol
level.
For socket BIOs (e.g. when SSL_set_fd() was used), select() or
poll() on the underlying socket can be used to find out when
the TLS/SSL I/O function should be retried.
Caveat: Any TLS/SSL I/O function can lead to either of
SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ and SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE. In particular, SSL_read() or SSL_peek() may
want to write data and SSL_write() may want to read data. This
is mainly because TLS/SSL handshakes may occur at any time during the
protocol (initiated by either the client or the server);
SSL_read(), SSL_peek(), and
SSL_write() will handle any pending handshakes.
- SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT, SSL_ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT
-
The operation did not complete; the same TLS/SSL I/O function should be
called again later. The underlying BIO was not connected yet to the peer
and the call would block in connect()/accept(). The SSL
function should be called again when the connection is established. These
messages can only appear with a BIO_s_connect() or
BIO_s_accept() BIO, respectively. In order to find out, when
the connection has been successfully established, on many platforms
select() or poll() for writing on the socket file
descriptor can be used.
- SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP
-
The operation did not complete because an application callback set by
SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb() has asked to be called again. The
TLS/SSL I/O function should be called again later. Details depend on the
application.
- SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL
-
Some I/O error occurred. The OpenSSL error queue may contain more
information on the error. If the error queue is empty (i.e.
ERR_get_error() returns 0), ret can be used to find out more about the error: If ret == 0, an EOF was observed that violates the protocol. If ret == -1, the underlying BIO reported an I/O error (for socket I/O on Unix systems, consult errno for details).
- SSL_ERROR_SSL
-
A failure in the SSL library occurred, usually a protocol error. The
OpenSSL error queue contains more information on the error.
ssl(3), err(3)
SSL_get_error() was added in SSLeay 0.8.
| | |


[gecode-users] Generating constraints
Guido Tack
tack at ps.uni-sb.de
Tue Oct 28 15:01:49 CET 2008
Max wrote:
> But, with this code written i do get some errors, because the rel
> method
> is not defined for constants
> as:
> - both arguments
> - first argument
>
> so i can not write
>
> rel(this, 5, IRT_GR, x, b);
>
> Why?
> Do i have manually to flip the operands ?
You could also use the post functions from minimodel here:
post(this, tt(eqv(~(5 > x), b)));
They should accept constants in all positions (and if not, we'll have
to fix it).
Cheers,
Guido
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Chapter 4 Boolean Algebra
- George Boole approached logic in a new way reducing it to a simple algebra.
- He introduced symbolic logic known as Boolean Algebra, Boolean function, Boolean expression, Boolean ring etc.
- Each variable in Boolean Algebra has either of two values: true or false.
- The purpose of Boolean Algebra is to solve logic problems.
- C.E Shannon observed that Boolean Algebra could be used to analyze electronic circuits.
4.1 Gates
- In Chapter 3 we discussed about logic connectives \(\lnot\), \(\land\) and \(\lor\).
- The connectives \(\land\) and \(\lor\) can be considered as circuits connected in series and parallel, respectively.
- A circuit with one or more input signals but only one output signal is known as a gate.
- Gates are digital circuits because of input and output signals, which are either low or high.
- Gates are also known as logical circuits as they can be analyzed with Boolean Algebra.
- In gates, the connectives \(\lnot\), \(\land\) and \(\lor\) are usually denoted by the symbols \(^\prime, \;\;.\) and \(+\), respectively.
4.1.1 NOT gate
A NOT gate receives input \(x\), where \(x\) is a bit (binary digit) and produces output \(x^\prime\) where
\[\begin{equation} x^\prime = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } x=0\\ 0 & \text{if } x=1 \end{cases} \end{equation}\]
- \(x^\prime\) is called the complement of \(x\).
- 0 is called the zero element.
- 1 is called the unit element.
- The output state is always the opposite of the input state.
- The output is also known as the complement of the input.
- The block diagram and the logic table for the basic NOT gate:
4.1.2 AND gate
- An AND gate receives input \(x_1\) and \(x_2\), where \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) are bits, and produces output \((x_1 \land x_2)\) where
\[\begin{equation} (x_1 \land x_2) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } x_1=x_2=1\\ 0 & \text{ Otherwise } \end{cases} \end{equation}\]
- \((x_1 \land x_2)\) is called the meet of \(x_1\) and \(x_2\).
- An AND gate can have more than two inputs, but only one output.
- The block diagram and the logic table for the basic AND gate:
4.1.3 OR gate
- An OR gate receives input \(x_1\) and \(x_2\), where \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) are bits, and produces output \((x_1 \lor x_2)\) where
\[\begin{equation} (x_1 \lor x_2) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } x_1 \text{ or } x_2=1\\ 0 & \text{ Otherwise } \end{cases} \end{equation}\]
- \((x_1 \lor x_2)\) is called the join of \(x_1\) and \(x_2\).
- An OR gate can have more than two inputs, but only one output.
- The block diagram and the logic table for the basic OR gate:
4.1.4 More logic gates
- There are some other types of gates that are widely used in Computer Science such as NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates
<IP_ADDRESS> NOR gate
- A NOR gate receives input \(x_1\) and \(x_2\), where \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) are bits, and produces output \((x_1 \lor x_2)^\prime\) where
\[\begin{equation} (x_1 \lor x_2)^\prime = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } x_1 = x_2=0\\ 0 & \text{ Otherwise } \end{cases} \end{equation}\]
- A NOR gate can have more than two inputs, but only one output.
- The block diagram and the logic table for the basic NOR gate:
<IP_ADDRESS> NAND gate
- A NAND gate receives input \(x_1\) and \(x_2\), where \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) are bits, and produces output \((x_1 \land x_2)^\prime\) where
\[\begin{equation} (x_1 \land x_2)^\prime = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } x_1 =0 \text{ or } x_2=0\\ 0 & \text{ Otherwise } \end{cases} \end{equation}\]
- A NAND gate can have more than two inputs, but only one output.
- The block diagram and the logic table for the basic NAND gate:
<IP_ADDRESS> XOR gate (Exclusive OR gate)
- A XOR gate receives input \(x_1\) and \(x_2\), where \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) are bits, and produces output \((x_1 \overline{\lor} x_2)\) or \((x_1 \oplus x_2)\), where
\[\begin{equation} (x_1 \oplus x_2)^\prime = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } x_1 =1 \text{ or } x_2=1 \text{ but not both}\\ 0 & \text{ Otherwise } \end{cases} \end{equation}\]
- Rule: XOR gate produces 1 that have an odd number of 1’s.
- A XOR gate can have more than two inputs, but only one output.
- The block diagram and the logic table for the basic XOR gate:
<IP_ADDRESS> XNOR gate (Exclusive NOR gate)
- A XNOR gate receives input \(x_1\) and \(x_2\), where \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) are bits, and produces output \((x_1\text{ XNOR }x_2)\), where
\[\begin{equation} (x_1 \text{ XNOR } x_2)^\prime = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } x_1 \text{ and } x_2 \text{ are same bits}\\ 0 & \text{ Otherwise } \end{cases} \end{equation}\]
- A XNOR gate can have more than two inputs, but only one output.
- It can recognize even-parity words i.e a word which has an even number of 1’s.
- Example: 11001111 is even-parity as it contains six 1’s, 1110 is an odd-parity as it has an odd number of 1’s.
- The block diagram and the logic table for the basic XNOR gate:
4.2 Combinatorial Circuit
- A combinatorial circuit produces a unique output for every combination of inputs.
- A combinatorial circuit has no memory, previous inputs and the state of the system do not affect the output of a combinatorial circuit.
- These circuits can be constructed using gates which we have already discussed.
4.3 Boolean Expression
- Any expression built up from the variables \(x_1,y_1,z_1, x_2,y_2,z_2,\dots\) by applying the operations \(\land, \; \lor\) and \(^\prime\) a finite number of times is called a Boolean expression.
- If \(X\) and \(Y\) are two Boolean expressions, then \(X^\prime, \;Y^\prime, \; (X\land Y)\) and \((X\lor Y)\) are also Boolean expressions.
- The output of a combinatorial circuit is also a Boolean expression.
Example
4.3.1 Theorem
- If \(\land, \; \lor\) and \(^\prime\) are connectives introduced earlier, then the following properties hold.
Associative Law: For all \(a,b,c \in \{0,1\}\) \[(a \land b) \land c = a \land (b\land c) \text{ and } (a \lor b) \lor c = a \lor (b\lor c)\]
Identity Law: For all \(a \in \{0,1\}\) \[(a \land 1) = a \text{ and } (a \lor 0) = a\]
Commutative Law: For all \(a,b\in \{0,1\}\) \[(a \land b) = (b \land a) \text{ and } (a \lor b) = (b \lor a)\]
Complement Law: For all \(a\in \{0,1\}\) \[(a \land a^\prime) = 0 \text{ and } (a \lor a^\prime) = 1\]
Distributive Law: For all \(a,b,c\in \{0,1\}\) \[a \lor (b\land c) = (a \lor b) \land (a \lor c) \text{ and } a \land (b\lor c)= (a \land b) \lor (a \land c)\]
De-Morgan’s Law: If \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) are bits, i.e. \(x_1, x_2\in \{0,1\},\) then \[(x_1 \land x_2)^\prime = x_1^\prime \lor x_2^\prime \text{ and } (x_1 \lor x_2)^\prime = x_1^\prime \land x_2^\prime \]
4.4 Equivalent Combinatorial Circuits
- Two combinatorial circuits, each having inputs \(x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n\) are said to be equivalent if they produce the same output for same inputs.
4.5 Boolean Algebra
A Boolean algebra consists of a set \(S\) together with two binary operations \(\land\) and \(\lor\) on \(S\), a singular operation \(^\prime\) on \(S\) and two specific elements 0 and 1 of \(S\) such that the following laws hold.
- A Boolean algebra will be designated by a hextuple \(B = \langle S, \land, \lor, ^\prime, 0,1\rangle\)
Sometimes one refers to the set \(S\) as a Boolean algebra, but this is just a loose misuse of language.
Associative Law: For all \(a,b,c \in S\) \[(a \land b) \land c = a \land (b\land c) \text{ and } (a \lor b) \lor c = a \lor (b\lor c)\]
Identity Law: For all \(a \in S\) \[(a \land 1) = a \text{ and } (a \lor 0) = a\]
Commutative Law: For all \(a,b\in S\) \[(a \land b) = (b \land a) \text{ and } (a \lor b) = (b \lor a)\]
Complement Law: For all \(a\in S\) \[(a \land a^\prime) = 0 \text{ and } (a \lor a^\prime) = 1\]
Distributive Law: For all \(a,b,c\in S\) \[a \lor (b\land c) = (a \lor b) \land (a \lor c) \text{ and } a \land (b\lor c)= (a \land b) \lor (a \land c)\]
4.5.1 Theorem
In a Boolean algebra: if \((a\lor b) =1\) and \((a\land b) =0,\) then \(b=a^\prime,\) i.e. the complement is unique
4.5.2 Theorem
In a Boolean algebra \(B = \langle S, \land, \lor, ^\prime, 0,1\rangle\); the following properties hold.
- Idempotent Law: For all \(x \in S\) \[(x \lor x) =x \text{ and } (x \land x) =x\]
- Bound Law: For all \(x \in S\) \[(x \lor 1) =1 \text{ and } (x \land 0) =0\]
- Absorption Law: For all \(x,y \in S\) \[x \land (x\lor y) =x \text{ and } x \lor (x \land y) =x \]
- Involution Law: For all \(x \in S\) \[(x^\prime)^\prime =x \]
- 0 and 1 Law: \(0^\prime =1\) and \(1^\prime =0\)
- De-Morgan’s Law: For all \(x, y \in S\) \[(x \land y)^\prime = x^\prime \lor y^\prime \text{ and } (x \lor y)^\prime = x^\prime \land y^\prime \]
4.6 Dual of a Statement
- The dual of a statement involving Boolean expressions is obtained by replacing 0 by 1, 1 by 0, \(\land\) by \(\lor\), and \(\lor\) by \(\land\).
- Two Boolean expressions are said to be dual of each other if one expression is obtained from other by replacing 0 by 1, 1 by 0, \(\land\) by \(\lor\), and \(\lor\) by \(\land\).
- In Boolean Algebra, the dual of a theorem is also a theorem.
Example
What the dual of the statement: \((x \land y)^\prime = x^\prime \lor y^\prime\)
4.7 Boolean Function
Let \(B = \langle S, \land, \lor, ^\prime, 0,1\rangle\) be a Boolean algebra and let \(X(x_1, x_2,x_3, \dots, x_n)\) be a Boolean expression in \(n\) variables.
A function \(f: B^n \rightarrow B\) is called a Boolean function if \(f\) is of the form
\(f(x_1, x_2,x_3, \dots, x_n) = X(x_1, x_2,x_3, \dots, x_n)\)
Example
Consider the Boolean function \(f: B^3 \rightarrow B; \;\; B = \{0,1\}\) defined by \[f(x_!,x_2,x_3) = x_1 \land (x_2 \lor \bar{x_3})\]
4.7.1 Representation of Boolean Functions
There are several ways of representing Boolean functions.
- Tabular representation
- \(n\) Space representation
- Cube representation
Tabular representation
- A Boolean function is completely determined by its evaluation over any Boolean algebra.
- In tabular representation, we consider a row \(R\) of the table where the output is 1.
- We then form the combination \((x_1 \land x_2 \land x_3 \land \dots \land x_n)\) and place a bar over each \(x_i\) whose value is 0 in row \(R\).
- The combination formed is 1 if and only if \(x_i\) have the value given in row \(R\).
- We thus join (OR) the terms to obtain the Boolean expression.
Example
| \(x_1\) | \(x_2\) | \(x_3\) | \(f(x_1, x_2, x_3)\) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4.8 Various Normal Forms
4.8.1 Disjunctive normal form
- A Boolean function \(f: B^n \rightarrow B\) which consists of a sum of elementary products is called the disjunctive normal form of the given function \(f\)
- Let \(f: B^n \rightarrow B\) is a Boolean function.
- If \(f\) is not identically zero, let \(A_1, A_2, A_3, \dots, A_k\) denote the elements \(A_i\) of \(B_2^n,\) for which \(f(A_i) =1,\) where
\[A_i = (a_1, a_2,\dots, a_n).\]
- For each \(A_i\) set \(m_i = (y_1 \land y_2 \land y_3\land \dots \land y_n)\), where
\[\begin{equation} y_i = \begin{cases} x_i & \text{if } a_i=1\\ x_i^\prime & \text{if } a_i=0. \end{cases} \end{equation}\]
- Then \(f(x_1, x_2, x_3, \dots, x_n)= m_1 \lor m_2 \lor m_3 \lor \dots \lor m_k.\)
- This representation of a Boolean function is called the disjunctive normal form
Example
Consider the Boolean function \((x_1 \oplus x_2).\) The truth table for this function is given below.
| \(x_1\) | \(x_2\) | \((x_1 \oplus x_2)\) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
Write the disjunctive form of this function
4.8.2 Conjunctive normal form
- A Boolean function \(f: B^n \rightarrow B\) which consists of a product of elementary sums is called the conjunctive normal form of the given function \(f\)
- Let \(f: B^n \rightarrow B\) is a Boolean function.
- If \(f\) is not identically one, let \(A_1, A_2, A_3, \dots, A_k\) denote the elements \(A_i\) of \(B_2^n,\) for which \(f(A_i) =0,\) where
\[A_i = (a_1, a_2,\dots, a_n).\]
- For each \(A_i\) set \(M_i = (y_1 \lor y_2 \lor y_3\lor \dots \lor y_n)\), where
\[\begin{equation} y_i = \begin{cases} x_i & \text{if } a_i=0\\ x_i^\prime & \text{if } a_i=1. \end{cases} \end{equation}\]
- Then \(f(x_1, x_2, x_3, \dots, x_n)= M_1 \land M_2 \land M_3 \land \dots \land M_k.\)
- This representation of a Boolean function is called the conjunctive normal form
Example
Consider the Boolean function \((x_1 \oplus x_2).\) The truth table for this function is given below.
| \(x_1\) | \(x_2\) | \((x_1 \oplus x_2)\) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
Write the conjunctive form of this function
- A term of the form \((y_1\land y_2 \land y3 \land \dots \land y_n),\) where each \(y_i\) is either \(x_i\) or \(\bar{x_i}\) is called a minterm.
- A term of the form \((y_1 \lor y_2 \lor y3 \lor \dots \lor y_n),\) where each \(y_i\) is either \(x_i\) or \(\bar{x_i}\) is called a maxterm
References
Acharjya, D. P. (2009). Fundamental approach to discrete mathematics. New Age International.
Mendelson, E. (1970). Boolean algebra and switching circuits. McGraw-Hill Edition 2004.
Tutorial
- Construct an AND gate using three NOR gates
- Construct an OR gate using three NAND gates
- Draw a gating network to the statement \((x.y)+(y.z)+(z.x)\)
- Draw a gating network to the statement \((x+y)^\prime(z.u)+(x.y)^\prime(z+u)\)
- What is the output of the following gating network
- Construct a gating network using inverter and OR gate to the statement \((x.y)+(y.z)+(z.x)\)
- Find the value of the Boolean expression given below for \(x=1,\) \(y=1\) and \(z=0.\) \[(x\land(y\lor(x\land y^\prime)))\lor((x\land y^\prime)\lor (x\land z^\prime)^\prime)\]
- Construct an AND gate using inverters and three NOR gates.
- Write the Boolean expression that represents the following combinatorial circuit, construct the logic table with the output of each gate.
- Show that \(y=z\) when \((x+y)=(x+z)\) and \((x^\prime+y)=(x^\prime+z)\).
- Given the Boolean function \(f\), write \(f\) in its disjunctive normal form.
| \(x\) | \(y\) | \(z\) | \(f(x,y,z)\) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Draw the logic circuit (Combinatorial circuit) with input \(x,y,z\) and output \(Y\) to the following Boolean expressions.
- \(Y = x^\prime yz+x^\prime yz^\prime +xyz^\prime\)
- \(Y = x y^\prime z+xz^\prime +y^\prime z\)
- Show that the combinatorial circuits (a) and (b) are equivalent.
- Reduce the following Boolean products to either 0 or a fundamental product
- \(x.y.x^\prime.z\)
- \(x.y.z^\prime.y.x\)
- Given the Boolean function \(f\), write \(f\) in its conjunctive normal form.
| \(x\) | \(y\) | \(z\) | \(f(x,y,z)\) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Design a combinatorial circuit that computes exclusive OR (XOR) of \(x\) and \(y\).
- Given the Boolean function \(f\), write \(f\) in its
- disjunctive normal form
- conjunctive normal form
- draw the combinatorial circuit to the disjunctive normal form.
| \(x\) | \(y\) | \(z\) | \(f(x,y,z)\) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
- Find the disjunctive normal form of the function, \(f(x,y)= (x+y).(x^\prime+y^\prime)\) using algebraic technique
- Find the disjunctive normal form for the following combinatorial circuit.
- Uniqueness of the complement: Show that \(y=x^\prime\), when \(x \lor y=1\) antgvd \(x\land y = 0\)


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--- layout: post title: 500 hideTimeToRead: true hideComments: true hideMorePosts: true ---
An error occurred :( Something went wrong (on my end).
Please let me know so I can fix it!


Polycarp is choosing three problems for creating a programming test. Totally he has $n$ problems in his list. The complexity of the $i$-th problem equals $r_i$. All problems are numerated from $1$ to $n$.
Help Polycarp to choose such three problems $a$, $b$ and $c$, so that the complexity of the first problem strictly less than the complexity of second problem and the complexity of the second problem is strictly less than the complexity of the third problem. So, for chosen problems $a$, $b$ and $c$ it should be true that $r_a < r_b < r_c$.
If Polycarp can choose three problems in different ways, you can print any of them.
The first line of the input contains one integer $n$ ($3 \le n \le 3000$) - the number of problems in Polycarp's list.
The second line of the input contains $n$ integers $r_1, r_2, \dots, r_n$ ($1 \le r_i \le 10^9$), where $r_i$ is the complexity of the $i$-th problem.
If Polycarp has no ways to choose three problems, you should print three numbers -1. Ih there is a way to choose them, you should print three different integers $a, b, c$ ($1 \le a, b, c \le n$), where $a$ is the number of the first chosen problem, $b$ is the number of the second chosen problem and $c$ is the number of the third chosen problem.
6 3 1 4 1 5 9
4 1 3
5 1<PHONE_NUMBER> 1<PHONE_NUMBER> 1
-1 -1 -1
9 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 1
9 8 3


Hi Guys,
Before I try and return my EmonTH I just wanted to check I ma not missing something.
I bought the EmonTH assembled from the shop along with other kit. All the other kit is working as I expect.
I powered up the emonTH with a pair of AAs and the red led lights but then never goes off. I have also powered the unit from my serial connector and watched the serial monitor but I get no output.
Do I have a dead emonTH? is there anything I should be trying or should I just return it and get another?
I can find very little about troubleshooting this but the guide says it should go out or flash. I have tried powering with and without the humidity sensor plugged in.
I get none of this just a solid LED:
Once batteries are inserted into the the emonTH (we recommend rechargeable alkaline or low self-discharge NiMH for best performance to environmental impact) the red LED should light up for a few seconds. During this time the emonTH will attempt to detect any connected DHT22 or DS18B20 sensors. If any sensors are detected the LED with extinguish and the emonTH will start transmitting readings every 60's. If the LED flashes several times this indicates that no sensor has been detected.
Thanks
Ja
Re: DOA EmonTH ? [SOLVED]
Hi,
To rule out firmware issues, you could try uploading the default firmware again (here), or even a simpler sketch like this one, which should provide output from the DHT22 (same folder contains a sketch to test the D18B20).
Do you have the IDE set up already? If not, I found the instructions were fine for me.
D.
Re: DOA EmonTH ? [SOLVED]
Hey Schism,
Thanks for the heads up. My experience with Arduino and the IDE are limited and for some reason I expect some sort of output on the serial monitor.
I downloaded all the git sources etc and re flashed the emonTH and it started responding as it should. So not only is it working as it should be but it was good experience as well.
Thanks for pointing me in the right direction.
Ja
Re: DOA EmonTH ? [SOLVED]
No problem.
You should get serial output from the default sketch; make sure you are on 9600 baud and that you pull the batteries, plug in the UART and it should give you something?
On mine, I do get corruption in the serial output very often - odd characters suggesting there is some loss and/or encoding mismatch. My advice is to feel free to add extra integers to the rf payload within the sketch, and then view them in emoncms for easier debugging (especially in-situ).
You can literally add a further int, upload the sketch and within a few moments you'll find the int displaying in emoncms' input list... can be very useful.
Re: DOA EmonTH ? [SOLVED]
Hi Schism,
Sorry i missed this reply as the email alerts were off for some reason. Have fixed that now.
Thanks again for the info, I have serial output now from all the devices when I am testing and I am getting more comfortable with the editing of the sketches to test things too.
Thanks again
Ja


Execute R render function within MCS.Sensor package and retrieve plot.
Execute R Function & Retrieve Plot


BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1 - CROP PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT
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Virtus.pro is always open for any cooperation, proposals, comments and suggestions in the fields of marketing, media, technical components and anything connected with our huge project. You may contact us via email, we will gladly answer
and do our best to help. Virtus.pro is looking forward for an amazing collaboration!
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Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
James Martin makes an impressive suggestion for a dish that uses up all of the leftovers from your Sunday roast.
Preheat the oven to 220C/200C Fan/Gas 7. Line a large baking sheet with silicone baking paper.
Mix the vegetables and parsley together in a bowl, then season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper. Squashing the mixture slightly into a mass, adding enough of the leftover gravy for it to stick together.
Roll out one piece of pastry onto a lightly floured work surface to a thickness of 3mm.  Find a bowl that is about 3cm/1¼in smaller in diameter than the pastry disc, then upturn it in the centre and use it as a template to score a smaller circle on the pastry. Transfer the pastry disc to the prepared baking tray.
Prick the inner pastry circle several times with a fork. Spread over some of the mustard, then arrange some of the cooked beef on top, then spread some of the vegetable mixture on top of that, always keeping inside the scored circle.
Spoon alternate layers of the mustard, beef, and vegetable mixture in the centre of the pastry disc until everything is used up.
Brush the pastry border with some of the beaten egg.
Roll out the second piece of pastry onto a lightly floured work surface to a thickness of about 5mm/¼in. Lay the pastry over the top of the dome of filling, pressing down gently around the edges to seal the two pieces of pastry together.
Trim away any excess pastry. Use any offcuts to decorate the top of the pithivier with a flower shape. Use a butter knife to score details into the petals and stem, if desired.
Brush the surface of the pithivier all over with the remaining beaten egg. Bake in the oven for 20 minutes, or until the filling is piping hot and the pastry is crisp and golden-brown.
Serve the pithivier with the remaining leftover gravy.


The development of resources for wheat is funded by the BBSRC-funded Designing Future Wheat.
The Designing Future Wheat Institute Strategic Programme (ISP) spans eight research institutes and universities and aims to develop new wheat germplasm containing the next generation of key traits.
Ensembl Plants is part of Work package 4 which is responsible for the ‘Data access and analysis’ work package, working to advance the data landscape for wheat comparative analysis through new sequencing experiments, and the development of an informatics infrastructure to provide a comprehensive federated and open data portal.


On NetBSD, you might want to install requirements from pkgsrc. In that case, you need at least the following packages.
Some components have additional requirements. (See [INSTALL.md])
Assuming you are running NetBSD/amd64 6.1.2, you can download and install pre-built binary packages as the following. (You might get some warnings about minor version mismatch. Don't care.)
```
# PKG_PATH=http://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/amd64/6.1.2/All/
# export PKG_PATH
# pkg_add automake libtool-base gmake python27 py27-xml pkg_alternatives
```
NetBSD's /usr/bin/make
is not GNU make. GNU make is installed as
/usr/pkg/bin/gmake
by the above mentioned gmake
package.
As all executables installed with pkgsrc are placed in /usr/pkg/bin/
directory, it might be a good idea to add it to your PATH.
Open vSwitch on NetBSD is currently "userspace switch" implementation in the sense described in [INSTALL.userspace.md] and [PORTING.md].


| 2018 |
PVDF‐HFP/LiTFSI + 50 wt% LLZO + 20 µL liquid electrolyte |
1.1 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 25 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
111 mAh g
−1 after 180 cycles under 0.5 C at 25 °C
|
135
|
| 2018 |
PVDF‐HFP/LLZO + liquid electrolyte |
3.71 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 25 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
153.6 mAh g
−1 after 40 cycles under 0.2 C at 25 °C
|
136
|
| 2018 |
PVDF‐HFP + 10 wt% LAGP + EMITFSI |
7.6 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 25 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
131 mAh g
−1 after 50 cycles under 0.05 C at 25 °C
|
137
|
| 2018 |
A asymmetric solid electrolyte with a rigid LLZO layer (5.7 µm) modified with 7.5 nm polymer and a soft polymer layer (5.4 µm) |
– |
LiFePO
4
|
151.2 mAh g
−1 after 120 cycles under 0.2 C at 55 °C
|
113
|
| 2018 |
PEO/LiTFSI + 10 wt% LLZO nanowires |
2.39 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 25 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
158.8 mAh g
−1 after 70 cycles under 0.5 C at 60 °C
|
57
|
|
|
1.53 × 10
−3 S cm
−1 at 60 °C
|
|
158.7 mAh g
−1 after 80 cycles under 0.1 C at 45 °C
|
|
| 2018 |
PEO/LiTFSI + LATP/PAN nanofiber network |
6.5 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 60 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
144 mAh g
−1 after 100 cycles under 0.2 C at 60 °C
|
97
|
| 2018 |
PEO/LiTFSI + 10 wt% LLZTO |
1.17 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 30 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
130.2 mAh g
−1 after 100 cycles under 0.2 C at 50 °C
|
44
|
|
PEO:LLZTO:PEG:LiTFSI = 10:85:5:60 |
6.24 × 10
−5 S cm
−1 at 30 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
127 mAh g
−1 after 50 cycles under 0.2 C at 50 °C
|
|
| 2018 |
PEO/LiClO
4 + 50 wt% LATP
|
9.5 × 10
−6 S cm
−1 at 30 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
109.3 mAh g
−1 after 500 cycles under 1 C at 80 °C
|
104
|
| 2018 |
In situ PEO/LiTFSI + 2 vol% Li
3PS
4
|
8.01 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 60 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
116 mAh g
−1 after 325 cycles under 0.5 C at 60 °C
|
138
|
| 2018 |
PEO + 60 wt% LLZTO + 10 wt% succinonitrile |
1.22 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 30 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
151.1 mAh g
−1 after 200 cycles under 0.5 C at 60 °C
|
139
|
| 2018 |
Poly(1,4‐butylene adipate)/LiClO
4 + 70 wt% LATP
|
– |
LiNi
0.6Co
0.2Mn
0.2O
2
|
A discharge capacity of 169.5 mAh g
−1 at 55 °C
|
45
|
| 2018 |
LLZTO‐PPC‐LiTFSI |
4.2 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 25 °C
|
LiFePO
4/Si
|
A capacity retention of 82.6% after 100 cycles at room temperature and 0.1 C |
121
|
| 2017 |
PEO/LiTFSI + 40 wt% Al‐doped LLZTO |
1.12 × 10
−5 S cm
−1 at 25 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
134.9 mAh g
−1 after 100 cycles under 0.1 C at 60 °C
|
50
|
| 2017 |
Poly(ethylene carbonate)/LiTFSI + 5 wt% LLZTO |
5.2 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 20 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
95% after 200 cycles under 1 C at 20 °C |
96
|
| 2017 |
PVDF‐HFP + LiTFSI + EMITFSI + LAGP |
9.6 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 25 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
141.3 mAh g
−1 after 50 cycles under 0.05 C at 25 °C
|
20
|
| 2017 |
PEO/LiClO
4 + 50 wt% LLZTO
|
9.6 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 60 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
116.2 mAh g
−1 after 500 cycles under 1 C at 60 °C
|
54
|
| 2017 |
PEO/LiTFSI + 7.5 wt% LLZO |
5.5 × 10
−4 Scm
−1 at 25 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
121 mAh g
−1 after 100 cycles under 0.5 C at 60 °C
|
42
|
| 2017 |
LLCZNO pellet and double PVDF−HFP‐based gel protected layers |
– |
LiFePO
4
|
130.2 mAh g
−1 after 70 cycles at a current density of 170 mA g
−1
|
111
|
| 2017 |
LLZT‐2 wt% LiF pellet and PEO/LiTFSI‐protected layer on the anode side |
– |
LiFePO
4
|
120 mAh g
−1 during 100 cycles at 80 mA cm
−2
|
140
|
|
|
|
Li‐S |
988 mAh g
−1 after 100 cycles under 0.4 C at 25 °C
|
|
| 2017 |
PEO/LiFSI + 10 vol% Al
2O
3 on the anode side and PEO/LiFSI + 3 vol% LICGC on the cathode side
|
– |
Li‐S |
Coulombic efficiency higher than 99% after 50 cycles under 0.1 C at 70 °C |
23
|
| 2017 |
PVDF + 4 wt% LATP + liquid electrolyte |
3.31 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 20 °C
|
Li‐S |
458.9 mAh g
−1 after 40 cycles under 0.4 C at 25 °C
|
141
|
| 2017 |
PEO/LiClO
4 + 15 wt% Al
3+/Nb
5+ codoped LLZO
|
9.5 × 10
−6 S cm
−1 at 20 °C
|
Li‐S |
More than 900 mAh g
−1 at 37 °C
|
48
|
| 2017 |
PEO/LiTFSI + LAGP and PEO/LiTFSI‐modified layer on the anode side |
– |
LiMn
0.8Fe
0.2PO
4
|
A high initial discharge capacity of 160.8 mAh g
−1 and exhibits good cycling and rate performance under 0.2 C at 50 °C
|
99
|
| 2017 |
PVDF/LiClO
4 + 10 wt% LLZTO
|
5 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 25 °C
|
LiCoO
2
|
147 mAh g
−1 after 120 cycles under 0.4 C at 25 °C
|
51
|
| 2017 |
Poly(methyl methacrylate‐styrene)/LiTFSI + LAGP |
3.2 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 25 °C
|
Li‐O
2
|
A superior long life (350 cycles, >145 days) at 50 °C |
133
|
| 2016 |
CPMEA/LATP/CPMEA sandwich electrolyte |
– |
LiFePO
4
|
102 mAh g
−1 after 640 cycles under 0.6 C at 65 °C
|
108
|
| 2016 |
PEO/LiTFSI + 1 wt% Li
10GeP
2S
12
|
1.21 × 10
−3 S cm
−1 at 80 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
137.4 mAh g
−1 after 50 cycles under 0.5 C at 60 °C
|
43
|
| 2016 |
PEO/LiTFSI + 20 wt% LAGP |
6.76 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 60 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
100 mAh g
−1 after 50 cycles under 1 C at 60 °C
|
38
|
| 2016 |
PEO + 12.7 vol% LLZTO particles in size of
D
50 = 43 nm
|
2.1 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 30 °C
|
LiFePO
4
|
345 Wh kg
−1 (662 Wh L
−1) under 0.1 C at 60 °C (pouch cell)
|
47
|
|
|
|
LiFe
0.15Mn
0.85PO
4
|
405 Wh kg
−1 (700 Wh L
−1) under 0.1 C at 60 °C (pouch cell)
|
|


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| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| assignment | |
| assignment.test |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BoardModel
The 'Model' side of the Director aspect of the Animation Suite.
|
| ColorHolder
Generates and holds an
ArrayList of MyColor . |
| Model
An abstract class for implementation by
BoardModel and
ViewModel to inherit from. |
| MyColor
This class is simply a custom
Color class that takes a character
in it's constructor for use with the text based 2D char Array. |
| NewProjectMenu
Sets up a
JPanel to be called by the 'New Project'
MenuItem in SuiteDirector . |
| PreferencesMenu
Sets up a
JPanel for the 'Preferences' menu called when a users
clicks the Preferences MenuItem in SuiteDirector . |
| PreviewMaker
Creates small 'preview' images of each frame in the animation
|
| RecentItemsMenu
Represents a menu that holds a list of recently used items.
|
| SuiteCanvas
The Swing for the Director side of the application, handling how the user
draws on the
grid in BoardModel . |
| SuiteViewer
This class is the Player version of the Director's 'SuiteCanvas'.
|
Tabs
Tabs is the overall application Frame, that holds the
JPanels for the Director and Display in tabs. |
| ViewModel
The Model for the Player side of the Animation Suite
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BoardModel
The 'Model' side of the Director aspect of the Animation Suite.
|
| ColorHolder
Generates and holds an
ArrayList of MyColor . |
| ViewModel
The Model for the Player side of the Animation Suite
|