Trading_SellerPaymentType Class Reference
| Inherits from | NSObject |
| Conforms to | PicoBindable |
| Declared in | Trading_SellerPaymentType.h Trading_SellerPaymentType.m |
Overview
A payment between Half.com and a seller. The financial value of a payment is
typically based on an amount that a buyer paid to Half.com for one order line
item, plus the buyer’s shipping cost, minus Half.com’s commission.
@ingroup EBayAPIInterface
Tasks
-
itemID
Unique identifier for the Half.com item listing.
property -
transactionID
Unique identifier for a Half.com order line item (transaction). An order
property
line item is created once there is a commitment from a buyer to purchase an
item. Along with its corresponding ItemID, a TransactionID is used and
referenced during an order checkout flow and after checkout has been
completed. -
orderID
A unique identifier that identifies a single line item or multiple line item
property
(Combined Payment) Half.com order.
For a single line item order, the OrderID value is identical to the
OrderLineItemID value that is generated upon creation of the order line
item. For a Combined Payment order, the OrderID value is created by eBay
when the buyer or seller (sharing multiple, common order line items)
combines multiple order line items into a Combined Payment order through
the Half.com site. -
sellerInventoryID
An ID that the seller specified when they listed the Half.com item, if any.
property
It can be used for the seller’s SKU. Note that SellerInventoryID is not
returned if no ID was specified. (Note: The SKU field used for eBay.com
listings is not applicable to Half.com listings.) -
privateNotes
A text note that the seller specified for the Half.com item, if any. Only
property
visible to the seller. Not returned if the seller specified no notes. -
externalProductID
Contains an ISBN, UPC, or EAN value from the catalog product associated with
property
the Half.com item. All Half.com items are listed with Pre-filled Item
Information. -
title
The title of the item listing as it appears on Half.com.
property
Note:
The maximum length of an eBay Item Title has increased to 80 characters as of
September 2011.
-
paymentType
Indicates whether the payment is for a Half.com sale or a refund.
property -
transactionPrice
Price of the order line item (transaction) before shipping and other costs.
property -
shippingReimbursement
The adjusted shipping cost that Half.com pays the seller. For a multiple
property
line item (Combined Payment) order, the total shipping cost may be less than
the cost to ship the items individually, which makes the adjustment
necessary. The shipping cost may also be adjusted due to Half.com handling
charges.
Note: Due to the way shipping costs are calculated, this
value may be different for identical items in different orders. -
commission
Amount of commission charged by Half.com.
property -
amountPaid
Total amount paid by buyer for the Half.com order.
property -
paidTime
The time and date when Half.com created the payment. Half.com creates a
property
payment when the buyer pays for an order. This time is specified
in GMT (not Pacific time). See “Time Values” in the eBay Web Services guide
for information about converting between GMT and other time zones. -
orderLineItemID
A unique identifier for a Half.com order line item. This field is created as
property
soon as there is a commitment to buy from the seller, and its value is based
upon the concatenation of ItemID and TransactionID, with a hyphen in between
these two IDs. For a single line item order, the OrderLineItemID value is
identical to the OrderID value. -
any
(public property)
property
Properties
amountPaid
Total amount paid by buyer for the Half.com order.
@property (nonatomic, retain) Trading_AmountType *amountPaid
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
any
(public property)
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *any
Discussion
(public property)
entry type : PicoAnyElement, wrapper for primitive anyelement
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
commission
Amount of commission charged by Half.com.
@property (nonatomic, retain) Trading_AmountType *commission
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
externalProductID
Contains an ISBN, UPC, or EAN value from the catalog product associated with
the Half.com item. All Half.com items are listed with Pre-filled Item
Information.
@property (nonatomic, retain) Trading_ExternalProductIDType *externalProductID
Discussion
Contains an ISBN, UPC, or EAN value from the catalog product associated with
the Half.com item. All Half.com items are listed with Pre-filled Item
Information.
type : class Trading_ExternalProductIDType
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
itemID
Unique identifier for the Half.com item listing.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *itemID
Discussion
Unique identifier for the Half.com item listing.
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
orderID
A unique identifier that identifies a single line item or multiple line item
(Combined Payment) Half.com order.
For a single line item order, the OrderID value is identical to the
OrderLineItemID value that is generated upon creation of the order line
item. For a Combined Payment order, the OrderID value is created by eBay
when the buyer or seller (sharing multiple, common order line items)
combines multiple order line items into a Combined Payment order through
the Half.com site.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *orderID
Discussion
A unique identifier that identifies a single line item or multiple line item
(Combined Payment) Half.com order.
For a single line item order, the OrderID value is identical to the
OrderLineItemID value that is generated upon creation of the order line
item. For a Combined Payment order, the OrderID value is created by eBay
when the buyer or seller (sharing multiple, common order line items)
combines multiple order line items into a Combined Payment order through
the Half.com site.
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
orderLineItemID
A unique identifier for a Half.com order line item. This field is created as
soon as there is a commitment to buy from the seller, and its value is based
upon the concatenation of ItemID and TransactionID, with a hyphen in between
these two IDs. For a single line item order, the OrderLineItemID value is
identical to the OrderID value.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *orderLineItemID
Discussion
A unique identifier for a Half.com order line item. This field is created as
soon as there is a commitment to buy from the seller, and its value is based
upon the concatenation of ItemID and TransactionID, with a hyphen in between
these two IDs. For a single line item order, the OrderLineItemID value is
identical to the OrderID value.
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
paidTime
The time and date when Half.com created the payment. Half.com creates a
payment when the buyer pays for an order. This time is specified
in GMT (not Pacific time). See “Time Values” in the eBay Web Services guide
for information about converting between GMT and other time zones.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSDate *paidTime
Discussion
The time and date when Half.com created the payment. Half.com creates a
payment when the buyer pays for an order. This time is specified
in GMT (not Pacific time). See “Time Values” in the eBay Web Services guide
for information about converting between GMT and other time zones.
type : NSDate, wrapper for primitive date
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
paymentType
Indicates whether the payment is for a Half.com sale or a refund.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *paymentType
Discussion
Indicates whether the payment is for a Half.com sale or a refund.
type: string constant in Trading_PaymentTypeCodeType.h
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
privateNotes
A text note that the seller specified for the Half.com item, if any. Only
visible to the seller. Not returned if the seller specified no notes.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *privateNotes
Discussion
A text note that the seller specified for the Half.com item, if any. Only
visible to the seller. Not returned if the seller specified no notes.
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
sellerInventoryID
An ID that the seller specified when they listed the Half.com item, if any.
It can be used for the seller’s SKU. Note that SellerInventoryID is not
returned if no ID was specified. (Note: The SKU field used for eBay.com
listings is not applicable to Half.com listings.)
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *sellerInventoryID
Discussion
An ID that the seller specified when they listed the Half.com item, if any.
It can be used for the seller’s SKU. Note that SellerInventoryID is not
returned if no ID was specified. (Note: The SKU field used for eBay.com
listings is not applicable to Half.com listings.)
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
shippingReimbursement
The adjusted shipping cost that Half.com pays the seller. For a multiple
line item (Combined Payment) order, the total shipping cost may be less than
the cost to ship the items individually, which makes the adjustment
necessary. The shipping cost may also be adjusted due to Half.com handling
charges.
Note: Due to the way shipping costs are calculated, this
value may be different for identical items in different orders.
@property (nonatomic, retain) Trading_AmountType *shippingReimbursement
Discussion
The adjusted shipping cost that Half.com pays the seller. For a multiple
line item (Combined Payment) order, the total shipping cost may be less than
the cost to ship the items individually, which makes the adjustment
necessary. The shipping cost may also be adjusted due to Half.com handling
charges.
Note: Due to the way shipping costs are calculated, this
value may be different for identical items in different orders.
type : class Trading_AmountType
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
title
The title of the item listing as it appears on Half.com.
Note:
The maximum length of an eBay Item Title has increased to 80 characters as of
September 2011.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *title
Discussion
The title of the item listing as it appears on Half.com.
Note:
The maximum length of an eBay Item Title has increased to 80 characters as of
September 2011.
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
transactionID
Unique identifier for a Half.com order line item (transaction). An order
line item is created once there is a commitment from a buyer to purchase an
item. Along with its corresponding ItemID, a TransactionID is used and
referenced during an order checkout flow and after checkout has been
completed.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *transactionID
Discussion
Unique identifier for a Half.com order line item (transaction). An order
line item is created once there is a commitment from a buyer to purchase an
item. Along with its corresponding ItemID, a TransactionID is used and
referenced during an order checkout flow and after checkout has been
completed.
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h
transactionPrice
Price of the order line item (transaction) before shipping and other costs.
@property (nonatomic, retain) Trading_AmountType *transactionPrice
Discussion
Price of the order line item (transaction) before shipping and other costs.
type : class Trading_AmountType
Declared In
Trading_SellerPaymentType.h


Thieves Stole Antique Jewelry worth about 1 Billion Euros from a Museum in Dresden
Antique jewelry worth about 1 billion euros was stolen from the Residenzschloss Museum in the centre of Dresden, Bild reported.
This morning, Dresden police reported perhaps the largest theft in the country's post-war history, committed at the famous German Museum.
The criminal group was found to have entered the Grüne Gewölbe (Green Vault).
Antique jewelry from the state art collection - King August II Strong's Treasure was stolen.
The criminals escaped.
The centre is blocked by police cars and the museum is surrounded by law enforcement officials.
 The responsible energy supplier confirmed the incident and said it was investigating if the two events were linked.
Bild reported that the thieves had exclusively targeted jewellery, and that they entered through a small window. There was no damage visible from outside the building, DW reported.


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BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL (PRINCIPAL BENCH), NEW DELHI Application No. 65/2012 (THC) 9TH MAY, 2013 CORAM: 1. Hon'ble Shri Justice V.R. Kingaonkar (Judicial Member) 2. Hon'ble Dr. P.C. Mishra (Expert Member) 3. Hon'ble Shri Ranjan Chatterjee (Expert Member) 4. Hon'ble Shri Bikram Singh Sajwan (Expert Member) B E T W E E N: 1. Sureshbhai Keshavbhai Waghvankar, Age : 40 years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o Hanuman Bhagda, Valsad; 2. Jayantibhai Babubhai Thorat Age : 41 years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o 97, Madhusadhan Raw House, Near Astik School, Godavara Surat 3. Zaverbhai Devrajbhai Prajapati, Age : 49 years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o 83, Nandanvan Society, Crozway Road, Singanpur Char Rasta, Surat. 4. Hiteshbhai Chimanbhai Patel, Age : 30 years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o Bazar Street, Chikhli, Dist. Navsari 5. Sanjivkumar Pritamsinh Prajapati, Age : 35 years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o Reliance Nagar, Amroli, Dist. Surat. 1 6. Gulab Chhotubhai Delkar Age : 51 years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o Bilpudi Kumbaar Falia, Tq. Dharampur, Dist. Valsad. 7. Hitesh Hasmukhbhai Photawala, Age : 38 years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o Mota Bazar, Char Rasta, Valsad. 8. Ketan Mahendrabhai Photawala, Age : 34years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o Mota Bazzar Char Rasta, Valsad. 9. Mukeshbhai Uttambhai Lad, Age : 50 years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o Santi Electric, High School, Shoping Centre, Tq. Chikhli, Dist. Navsari. 10. Bhikhubhai Mangoobhai Prajapati, Age : 50 years, Occ : Idol Making, R/o Ndar Sona Darsan, National Highway, Killapari, Dist. Valsad. 11. Prakash Magan Bhai Dhimmer, Age : 40 years, Occ : Idol Making, Hani Tharmocol Decoration, Opp. Gandhi Sadan, Station Road, Bilimora. 12. Ankit Harish Bhai Photowala, Age : 30 years, Occ : Idol Making, Plot No. 33/A/1, Pramukh Darshan-2, Atul Road, Vaishiar, Valsad. 13. Suresh Budhya Bhai Patel Age : 30 years, Occ : Idol Making, Zarana Park, Behind Opp. Dayalajiwadi, Bhavani Temple Manshi Kung Society A 1/Albrama Road, Valsad. 14. Sanjay Bhai Kishan Bhai Patel, Age : 28 years, Occ : Idol Making, In Bharati Talkes, Kambilpore, Navsari. ....Applicants AND 2 1. The State of Gujarat through Additional Chief Secretary Home Dept. Sachivalaya, Gandhi Nagar. 2. The General Administration Department, Through Chief Secretary, Sachivalaya Gandhi Nagar. 3. Inspector General, Gujarat State. 4. Forest & Environment Department, Through Principal Secretary, Sachivalaya Gandhi Nagar. 5. Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Through Chairman G.P.C.B. Gandhi Nagar. 6. Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forest, Through Chairman C.P.C.B. Parivesh Bhavan, East Arjunnagar, Delhi - 110032. .........Respondents (Advocates appeared: Mr. Prasanna N. Kutti, Advocate for Applicants; Mr. S. Panda, Advocate for Mrs. Hemantika Wahi, Adv. for Respondents No. 1 to 5, Mr. Rajkumar along with Ms. Jatinder Kaur, Advocates for Respondent No. 6) 3 J U D G M E N T
1. This application is filed by a group of idol manufacturers and artisans, under Section 14 and 16 of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. Originally, they had filed a Writ Petition bearing SCA No. 8406/2012 in the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad. By that petition they had challenged directions dated 23.1.2012, issued by Principal Secretary, Forest and Environment Department, Sachivalaya, Gandhi Nagar (Respondent No. 4) as well as guidelines dated 18.06.2010, issued by Central Pollution Control Board (for short, CPCB) (Respondent No. 6). The CPCB issued guidelines dated 18.06.2010, regulating procedure for immersion of idols in order to upkeep the environment and ecosystems. The said guidelines have been issued in response to certain observations of the Hon'ble High Court of Bombay in PIL bearing WP (C) No. 1325 of 2003 (Janhit Manch Vs. State of Maharashtra and others).Taking clue from the said guidelines of the CPCB, the communication dated 23.01.2012 was issued by the Respondent No. 4.
2. The applicants are aggrieved mainly due to the implied ban put on making of idols of Hindu Gods and Goddesses by using Plaster of Paris (for short, PoP). Though the applicants also challenged some other parts of the communication dated 23.01.2012, including the manner in which the idols shall be painted, yet during the course of 4 arguments, learned Counsel for the Applicants gave up the other challenges and restricted the argument only to the extent of challenge to the prohibition imposed on use of PoP as material for making Lord Ganesh idols. In short, the basic challenge is to the prohibitory directions in respect of use of PoP for manufacturing/making of Ganesh idols.
3. In the wake of Judgment delivered by the Hon'ble High Court of Bombay in the writ petition No. 1325/2003 (Janhit Manch Vs the State of Maharashtra & Ors.) the CPCB drew the guidelines dated 18.06.2010. The Hon'ble High Court of Bombay, in fact, did not give any finding about the use of PoP nor gave any specific direction. While disposing of said writ petition, however, certain observations, which are obiter, were made, that may be quoted as below:
"we expect that the Central Government will consider laying down of guidelines for immersion of idols and would also consider related matters with regard to pollution of water bodies. Both the Union Government as well as the State Government shall consider it expeditiously because the time lost involving the pollution might prove dangerous for environment of the country in long run"
4. It will be useful to see the first two guidelines shown in the communication dated 18.06.2010 issued by the CPCB and the first two guidelines shown in the communication 5 dated 23.01.2012 issued by the Forest and Environment Department of the State of Gujarat. This comparison will indicate as to how the Forest and Environment Department of Gujarat, instead of following similar CPCB guidelines, issued the prohibitory directions.
The first two guidelines mentioned in communication dated 18.06.2010 issued by the CPCB are as follows:-
(i) " Idols should be made from natural materials as described in the holy scripts. Use of traditional clay for idol making rather than baked clay, plaster of paris, etc. may be encouraged, allowed and promoted.
(ii) Painting of idols should be discouraged. In case idols are to be painted, water soluble and nontoxic natural dyes should be used. Use of toxic and non- biodegradable chemical dyes for painting idols should be strictly prohibited."
The first two guidelines mentioned in communication dated 23.01.2012 issued by the Forest and Environment Department of Gujarat vide communication dated 23.01.2012 are as follows:-
1. " Idols should be made from natural materials as described in the holy scripts. Idols should be made of traditional clay and not from use of baked clay, plaster of paris.
6
2. Painting of idols may only be done from water soluble and nontoxic naturals dyes. Use of toxic and non-biodegradable chemical dyes for painting idols is strictly prohibited."
(emphasis supplied by us)
5. Briefly stated, the case of the applicants is that they are making/sculpting idols of gods and goddesses, including Lord Ganesh, among others, since many years in the State of Gujarat. The idols are manufactured by using PoP. The use of PoP for manufacturing of Ganesh idols has not been prohibited in the State of Maharashtra or in any other nearby States. The PoP is extracted from Gypsum rock and comprises of Calcium and Sulphate. One noted research institute, by name, Srishti Eco-Research Institute at Pune (SERI) has conducted scientific study on use of PoP with reference to immersion of the idols made from PoP. The scientific report has revealed that although PoP is not easily soluble in water, yet it has no poisonous effect. It has been further found that due to flow of water, the PoP made idols are carried away. The study made by the institute (SERI) indicated that use of PoP does not cause any serious adverse effect on the Environment.
The Pollution level of the river/lake almost remains unchanged in spite of immersion of PoP made idols. The PoP made idols are comparatively convenient for transportation. The guidelines of the Respondent No. 6 (CPCB) indicate that instead of POP, use of natural clay should be encouraged. 7 However, the impugned communication issued by the Respondent No. 4 goes a step ahead and practically imposes a ban on use of PoP for manufacturing/making of idols.
6. According to the applicants, use of clay for making the idols is impracticable. For, not only are the clay idols unaffordable to the common man , but extraction of clay from river bed or places of earth would cause relatively more harm to the Environment than the present practice of PoP made idols. Moreover, making of clay idols require excessive manual work. There is also difficulty in transportation thereof. The Applicants further allege that they were not given opportunity of hearing before imposing the ban. They have a fundamental right to deal in trading/manufacturing of PoP idols. Their fundamental right cannot be trampled with by issuing such prohibitory orders. They are concerned only with manufacturing and selling of PoP made idols. The local authorities may take appropriate steps to monitor the immersion process by preparing artificial tanks during the festival periods. The Applicants and those who are dependent on the business of manufacturing of PoP made idols will be deprived of their right to livelihood if the impugned directions are not quashed. The impugned directions issued by the Respondent No. 4 are arbitrary and discriminatory in nature. Consequently, as a group, they knocked at the doors of Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat by filing SCA No. 8406 of 2012. 8
7. In view of the judgment of the Apex Court in W.P. (C) 50/1998 titled "Bhopal Gas Peedith Mahila Udyog Sangathan and others vs. Union of India & Ors", the said Writ Petition was transferred to this Tribunal. The Writ Petition has been converted into form of an application, as per the National Green Tribunal (Practice and Procedure) Rules, 2011.
8. The CPCB stated that the Respondent No. 4 has issued directions under Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The guidelines issued by the CPCB have been treated as basis for issuance of directions in question. The CPCB alleged that study of impact of immersion during Dussehra festival in river Hoogli was carried out. The said study report indicated that there was depletion in dissolved oxygen content in river Hoogli after immersions of idols during festivals days. Guidelines issued by the CPCB are based on various scientific studies conducted by the authorities. The guidelines have been issued in order to ensure protection of environment. The CPCB further came out with a case that the Respondent No. 4 has the power to issue directions under Section 24 of the Water Act, 1974. It further stated that the State Pollution Control Board has the power under Section 25 of the Water Act, 1974, to ensure that discharge from industries shall comply with the prescribed directions and norms. The CPCB, therefore, sought dismissal of the application.
9
9. No reply affidavit has been separately filed by Respondent No. 4 or any other Respondent.
10. We have heard Learned Counsel for the parties in extenso. We have gone through the relevant documents and material placed on record. We have duly considered the case laws cited by the parties.
11. The two issues which arise in this matter are thus:
(i) Whether the Forest and Environment Department of the State of Gujarat is competent to issue the impugned direction so as to place implied restrictions on use of Plaster of Paris (PoP) for manufacturing / making of idols of Hindu Gods and Goddesses?
(ii) Whether the direction issued by Respondent No. 4, imposing the ban on making of idols by using PoP as base material is otherwise legal and proper ?
12. Mr. Kutti, Learned Counsel for the Applicants would submit that the directions cannot be issued by the Respondent No. 4, under Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, because such power is available only to the Central Government. He argued that the guidelines issued by the Respondent No 6 (CPCB), with a view to sensitise the public and monitor the water quality, cannot be the basis to ban use of PoP for making the idols. He further argued that the Respondent No. 4 exceeded the limits of its legal authority while issuing the relevant communication dated 23rd January, 10 2012. He pointed out that the Hon'ble High Court of Bombay in PIL WP (c) 1325 of 2003 (Janhit Manch Vs State of Maharashtra) only expressed that guidelines should be laid down by the Central Government. He contended that such guidelines have no force of law. He further argued that the applicants were not heard before imposing the ban and as such the impugned communication is bad in law due to violation of principles of natural justice. He submitted that use of PoP is made elsewhere in the medical field, fixing of false ceiling etc. as it was not found to be a hazardous substance. He contended that the applicants are aggrieved by the FIRs filed against them. He further argued that the right of the applicants to carry on trade is protected under Article 304 of the Constitution of India and the same is being trampled with vide the impugned communication. Hence, he urged to quash the impugned communication to the extent of implied ban on use of PoP for making Idols.
13. Per Contra, Mr. S. Panda and Mr. Rajesh Kumar, Learned Counsel appearing for the contesting respondents argued that the impugned communication is legal and proper. They submitted that the right to carry on trade is subject to reasonable restrictions. They argued, therefore, that the applicants have no right to carry on any kind of trade/business which is not in the interest of the public at large. They submitted that the impugned communication is issued in view of the suggestions of the High Court of Bombay. 11 They contended that internal studies on the impact of PoP had been done by the MoEF/CPCB. Therefore, the guidelines are issued. They further contended that Section 18 of the Water Act, 1974, read with Article162 of the Constitution of India, empowers the GPCB as well as CPCB to formulate action plan including issuance of guidelines. Hence, they urged to dismiss the application.
14. We shall now proceed to deal with both the issues sequentially.
Re: Issue No. (i):
Whether the Environment Ministry of State of Gujarat is competent to issue impugned direction so as to place implied restriction on use of Plaster of Paris (PoP) for manufacturing / making of Ganesh idols?
15. At the threshold, let it be noted that the impugned communication dated 23.01.2012 purports to show that it has been issued under Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. It also clearly shows that the same has been issued by the Principal Secretary of Forest Department, Government of Gujarat. The communication reproduced the background which gave rise to issuance of such directions. The relevant part of the communication may be reproduced in order to clarify the intention and purport of the impugned communication.
12
"And whereas the CPCB guidelines if followed scrupulously by the entire concerned can address the issue of pollution due to immersion of idols into water bodies.
Now in view of the above you are hereby directed under Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to ensure that the following directions are complied with by all the concerned.
1. Idols should be made from natural materials as described in the holy scripts. Idols should be made of traditional clay & not from use of baked clay, plaster of paris."
16. From extracted portion indicated above, it is explicit that the Principal Secretary of Forest and Environment Department assumed the Authority to issue such direction as per Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. May be, it has been so assumed because of the guidelines issued under Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (Respondent No. 6) vide communication dated 18.06.2010. It is necessary to examine whether the Principal Secretary of Forest and Environment Department, State of Gujarat, has the power to issue directions under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
17. Mr. P.N. Kutti, Learned Counsel for the Applicants would submit that there is no power available to the Principal Secretary of the Forest and Environment Department, State of 13 Gujarat to prohibit manufacturing of PoP idols. He invited our attention to section 2 (b) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as well as section 5 (1) of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. On the other hand, learned Counsel Mr. S. Panda appearing for the Respondents No. 1 to 5 contended that mere wrong quoting of section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 does not invalidate the impugned notification. He would submit that the Forest and Environment Department of the State of Gujarat has ample power derived from the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (for short, "Water Act"). He further argued that the impugned communication is based upon the guidelines issued by the Central Government, and, therefore, it is part of the same environmental action plan. He contended that the impugned communication, in any way, cannot be derogatory to the letters and spirit of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
18. The guidelines dated 18.06.2010, no doubt, are issued under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by the CPCB (R-6) in order to regulate the process for immersion of idols during the festival periods. That communication, however, clearly goes to show that the CPCB has issued the guidelines which may be followed by the State authorities and all concerned to prepare action plan and strategies to avoid environmental degradation in general and water pollution, in particular. The guidelines issued by the 14 CPCB cannot be equated with statutory directions, rules or regulations. The guidelines only indicate what precautionary measures need be taken by the State authorities and all concerned to avoid water pollution during festival days. The first guideline is to the effect that making of idols by using natural clay should be encouraged. This guideline is not, in fact, of prohibitory nature. In our opinion, it is rather of recommendatory or advisory nature. What appears from the impugned direction no. 1 stated in the communication dated 23.01.2012 issued by the State Government of Gujarat is that impliedly restrictions are put on manufacturing of the idols by using PoP. The other directions are indicative of safety measures to be followed in order to alleviate water pollution caused due to synthetic colours applied to the PoP idols. The immersion of flowers, puja materials, etc., are additional factors which cause water pollution, and hence need to be regulated.
19. Before we proceed to examine the rival contentions, of the parties, we deem it proper to refer to the preambles of the two Acts, namely, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Water Act, 1974.
(1) Preamble of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) is as follows:
"An Act to provide for the protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected therewith. 15
Whereas decisions were taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June, 1972, in which India participated, to take appropriate steps for the protection and improvement of human environment;
And whereas it is considered necessary further to implement the decisions aforesaid insofar as they relate to the protection and improvement of environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property;"
Preamble of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (Act No. 6 of 1974) is as under:-
"An Act to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto and for matters connected therewith.
Whereas it is expedient to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution and for conferring on 16 and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto;
And whereas Parliament has no power to make laws for the States with respect to any of the matters aforesaid except as provided in Articles 249 and 250 of the Constitution;
And whereas in pursuance of Clause (1) of Article 252 of the Constitution resolutions have been passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of the State of Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tripura and West Bengal to the effect that the matters aforesaid should be regulated in those States by Parliament by law;"
20. A fair reading of both the preambles would make it clear that the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 has been enacted to provide for the protection and improvement of the environment and for matters connected therewith, and the Water Act was enacted to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of water pollution. It transpires that with a view to carrying out the aforesaid purposes, creation of State Boards is envisaged under provisions of the Water Act. The prevention and control of water pollution in the State is the subject within the domain of the State Pollution Control Board. In our opinion, unless there is a special provision under the Water Act to issue directions under section 5 of the 17 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by the State Government, no such power can be usurped by the latter.
21. For ready reference, section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 may be reproduced as follows:-
"Section 5 Power to give directions: - Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law but subject to the provisions of this Act, the Central Government may, in the exercise of its powers and performance of its functions under this Act, issue directions in writing to any person, officer or any authority and such person, officer or authority shall be bound to comply with such directions.
Explanation - For the avoidance of doubts, it is hereby declared that the power to issue directions under this section includes the power to direct -
(a) the closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, operation or process; or
(b) stoppage or regulation of the supply of electricity or water or any other service."
22. Upon plain reading of section 5, it is amply clear that the power to give directions is available only to the Central Government in order to perform its functions under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. In other words, the power to issue directions under section 5 cannot be exercised 18 by the State Government under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
23. At this juncture, definition of the expression "Environment Pollutant" may be considered. Section 2(b) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 defines "Environment Pollutant" as any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be injurious to the environment. Therefore, even for the purpose of putting total embargo on use of PoP for making of idols, it is necessary for the Central Government to first determine whether the PoP is an "Environment Pollutant". Guidelines issued by the CPCB (R-6) do not indicate any finding of the CPCB that PoP is an environment pollutant. We need not undertake such exercise by ourselves for the simple reason that it is within the domain of the CPCB or the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB), as the case may be, to conduct scientific study and determine whether the PoP is an environmental pollutant. Still, however, we may mention here that the PoP is calcium sulphate hemi- hydrate : (CaSO4, H2O) derived from gypsum. A calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4, 2 H2O), by firing the mineral at relatively low temperature and then reducing it to powder is PoP. PoP when mixed with water sets within few minutes. The setting of PoP takes place with expansion and its surface becomes smooth. Due to this property, PoP is used in moulds. PoP is used in paper, soap and ceramic industries. It is used for wrapping part of body for treatment of fractured bone in 19 order to immobilize the same. PoP is not easily soluble in water. It gradually goes to bed of the river or ponds after immersing the idols or any other article made there from. It has potential to make the water alkaline, if it is excessively deposited at the pond or river bed or in the well. The excessive deposition of such PoP may, therefore, harm aquatic life as well as natural flow of pure water. However, these are not our findings at present. These are the observations which, prima facie, are culled out from certain study papers which have been placed on record.
24. Now, the pertinent question is whether the Forest and Environment Department of the State of Gujarat could have legally placed blanket embargo on use of PoP for making of idols notwithstanding the fact that no such restriction was clamped under the guidelines issued by the CPCB. In our opinion, such prohibition or restrictions may be imposed only by the Central Government in the exercise of its power under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The power to give such directions is available to the Central Government, irrespective of anything contained in any other law with a rider that it shall be in consonance with the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The opening words of section 5 i.e. "notwithstanding anything contained in any other law but subject to the provisions of this Act" are indicative of the legislative intent. The provision commences with "non-obstante clause". The Central 20 Government, therefore, has adequate powers to issue the directions in order to protect the environment and alleviate degradation thereof.
25. Coming to the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, it may be stated that Rule 3 deals with authority of the CPCB to prescribe standards of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants as specified in schedule (I) to (IV). Rule 4 deals with manner in which any direction may be issued under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Rule 5 (1) empowers the Central Government to prohibit location of industries and carrying of all the processes and operations in different areas. The Central Government is required to consider the maximum allowable limits of concentration of environment pollutants including noise, for an area. Thus, the Central Government is required to consider various factors before issuing notification under section 5 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
26. All said and done, the Forest and Environment Department of State Government cannot issue such directions under section 5 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Though, it may be required to follow such directions issued by the Central Government. It need not be reiterated that the notification dated 18.06.2010 issued by the CPCB is only in the form of guidelines. The Forest and Environment Department of Gujarat had no power to place embargo on use of PoP for making of idols under section 5 of the Environment 21 (Protection) Act, 1986. In our opinion, the impugned communication dated 23.01.2012 is not simply an exercise done by mis-quoting of section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act.
27. In "Rao Shiv Bahadur Singh vs. State of U.P." (A.I.R. 1984 S.C. 322); "Deep Chand vs. State of Rajasthan" (A.I.R. 1961 S.C. 1527) and "State of U.P. vs. Singhara Sing" (AIR 1964 SC 358) the Apex Court upheld the ratio of Judgment handed down by the Privy Council in case of "Nazir Ahemed vs. King Emperor" (A.I.R. 1936 P.C. 253). The Privy Council held in the given case that when a power is given to do a certain thing in a certain way, the thing must be done in that way or not at all.
28. We are not impressed with the arguments of the Learned Counsel for the Respondents to say that the impugned communication dated 23.01.2012 is issued simply by quoting wrong section of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, though, the authority meant to exercise the powers under the Water Act. It is well settled that if anything is required to be done in a particular manner under the specific provisions of the enactment then it has to be done in that manner itself. It goes without saying that if something is done in the manner which is not provided for under the enactment, the same is without legal authority and as such would become illegal.
22
29. On behalf of the Respondents, the Learned Counsel further invited our attention to observations in case of "V. Elangovan vs. The Home Secretary, State of Tamil Nadu and Ors." W.P. No. 25586/2004 along with other batch of Writ Petitions. A copy of the Judgment given by Hon'ble High Court of Judicature at Madras is placed on record. That was a PIL in which directions in the nature of writ were sought against the State Authorities to issue permission to organizations to carry large sized PoP Ganesh idols and other idols made of any other chemicals and immersing thereof in sea, river and other water sources in the State of Tamil Nadu. Perusal of the above referred Judgment reveals that the Pollution Control Board had formed an Expert Committee which came to the conclusion that traditional clay idols should be permitted to make Ganesh/Vinayagar idols. The Division Bench, however, did not decide about correctness of such finding /conclusion of the Expert Committee. The Division Bench of Hon'ble Madras High Court, specifically observed as follows:
"We do not propose to go into this question at this hour replacing the opinion of the Committee with our opinion based on the untested contention of the interveners to allow Vinayagar idols that are made of Plaster of Paris to be immersed in the sea."
30. We are of the opinion that the above referred Judgment of the of the Hon'ble High Court of Madras has not 23 laid down any ratio in the context of the issue whether the PoP idols can be branded as "Environment Pollutant" within the meaning of section 2(b) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The reliance on the above Authority is, therefore, misplaced.
31. Cumulative effect of the foregoing discussion is that the impugned communication issued by the Respondent No. 4 to the extent of ban on PoP made idols is without legal authority in as much as such direction could not be issued under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Thus, the said direction is arbitrary and liable to be quashed. We accordingly record our finding on issue no. (i) in the "negative".
Re: Issue no. (ii):
"Whether the impugned communication dated 23.01. 2012 issued by the Respondent No. 4 is otherwise unsustainable to the extent of banning use of PoP for making/manufacturing of Ganesh idols?"
32. For the sake of arguments, we may assume that the Forest and Environment Department of the State of Gujarat issued the impugned direction in the exercise of the powers under the Water Act. Whether the State Department of Forest and Environment can exercise such power under the Water Act is an ancillary question that will have to be now addressed. The preamble of the Water Act, 1974 which is 24 quoted earlier, provides key to decipher the Legislative intent in pursuance of which the enactment has been brought into force. The intention of the Legislature is to empower the PCBs for the prevention and control of water pollution by conferring and assigning such Boards, powers and functions regarding thereof and for matters connected therewith. The preamble itself shows that the Parliament has no powers to make laws for the State with respect any of the matters pertaining to prevention and control of water pollution, except as provided in Articles No. 249 and 250 of the Constitution. Therefore, as a result of resolutions passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of the States including that of Gujarat, the Water Act has been enacted in pursuance of clause no. (1) of Article 252 of the Constitution. Obliviously, the main intention of the Water Act is to establish State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) for prevention and control of water pollution and to confer the powers and functions on the PCBs to carry out functions in the context of prevention and control of water pollution. Thus, the preamble itself shows that Water Act has been enacted to establish the SPCBs for the specific purpose enumerated in the Act. Section 4 of the Water Act envisages constitution of the SPCBs. The State Government is required to appoint the Chairman and other Members of the Pollution Control Board by means of notification published in an official gazette. The powers and functions of the SPCBs are stated in section 17 of the Water Act.
25
33. The Learned Counsel for the Respondents would submit that section 24 of the Water Act may be invoked in order to prohibit using of streams or wells for disposal of polluting matter. It is worthy to be noted that section 24 will be attracted when any person would cause poisonous, noxious or polluting matter to enter into any stream or well or sewer or on land. The provision may be invoked only if such polluting matter is specified in accordance with the relevant standards as laid down by the SPCB. It is nobody's case that Gujarat PCB has laid down any particular standards of PoP so as to stamp the same as "polluting matter" or "poisonous substance".
34. In our opinion, if the Water Act is minutely examined , at the most, appropriate direction can be given by the GPCB under section 33 - A of the Water Act. For, the GPCB has power under section 30 of the Water Act to carry out certain works including passing of any order under section 17(1)(l)(I). The SPCB has power under section 17 (1)(a) of the Water Act to prepare a plan or a comprehensive programme for the prevention and control or abatement of pollution of streams and wells in the state and to ensure the execution thereof.
(Emphasis supplied by us) 26
35. These provisions are required to be duly considered along with definition of the word "pollution" as used under section 2(e) of the Water Act. Section 2 (e) reads as follows: "Section 2. Definitions. -
(a) Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(b) Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(c) Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(d) Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(e) "pollution" means such contamination of water or such alteration of the physical, chemical or biological properties of water or such discharge of any sewage or trade effluent or of any other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into water (whether directly or indirectly) as may, or is likely to, create a nuisance or render such water harmful or injurious to public health or safety, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural or other legitimate uses, or to the life and health of animals or plants or of aquatic organisms;"
(Emphasis supplied by us)
36. We are not called upon to give final opinion whether PoP made idols cause pollution of water after the immersion thereof. Still, however, prima facie, it appears that even in order to alleviate likelihood of nuisance on account of large number of immersion of PoP idols in river/sea or ponds, etc., it may be an act covered by definition of word "pollution" within the meaning of section 2(e) of the Water Act. It follows, 27 therefore, that the GPCB may exercise the power to give directions under section 33 - A of the Water Act. Of course, these observations have been made in order to demonstrate that the power is available to the GPCB and as well as to the State Government under section 18(b) of the said act.
37. Mr. P.N. Kutti, Learned Counsel for the Applicants heavily relied upon certain observations in case of "Mohan Bhai Yashwant Bhai Khandekar and 90 Petitioners & Ors. vs. State of Gujarat and 4 Respondents" (C.A. No. 6750 of 2011). We have carefully gone through the said judgment rendered by the Learned Single Judge of the Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat at Ahmadabad. The Petitioner therein had challenged the notification dated 16.07.2011 issued by the Commissioner of Police, Surat city under provision of section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. The Learned Single Judge quashed the notification dated 16.07.2011 mainly on the ground that in exercise of powers under section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code there must be circumstances which may indicate that an urgent situation has arisen, of a nature demanding invocation of speedy remedy.
38. Be that as it may, the observations of the Learned Single Judge in the same Judgment, as reflected from paragraphs 22, 23 and 25, would make it amply clear that the Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat expected that the malady requires to be tackled at the source, must be addressed as environment and water pollution cause, for permanent 28 solution and not by way of temporary measures such as the issuance of notification under section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The Learned Single Judge observed:
"In the instant case, the cause is right but the remedy is not correct one"
39. It is but natural to infer that even according to the Learned Single Judge the cause i.e. the prevention of water pollution due to immersion of PoP made idols was right but the temporary measures adopted by issuance of notification under section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code was improper. In this view of the matter, the case law cited by the Learned Counsel, Mr. Kutti is of no assistance to the Applicants.
40. It may be mentioned that Learned Counsel for the Respondents urged to invoke "precautionary principle" and therefore, to dismiss the Application. The Counsel relied upon certain observations in "Research Foundation for Science Technology and Natural Resources Policy vs. UoI & Anr. (2005) 10 SCC 510. The Apex Court expounded the precautionary principle in the context of different facts and circumstances. The Apex Court held that precautionary principle of sustainable development provides for taking precaution against specific environmental hazard by avoiding or reducing environmental risks before specific harms are experienced. The case of "P.K. Palanisamy vs. N. Arumgrham & Anr." (2009) 29 9 SCC 173 was relied upon by the Counsel for the Respondents in support of the argument that only because a wrong provision was mentioned by the party, it would not be a ground to nullify the order. We have already observed earlier that this is not a case of mere wrong mentioning of the provision in the impugned order. In our opinion, the State of Gujarat over stepped by restricting the use of PoP for making/manufacturing of idols. Thus, condition no. (1) in the impugned communication is no short of over-stepping of powers by the State Forest and Environment Department of Gujarat without backup of any legal authority as such. The Learned Counsel for the Respondents also referred to "T Ramakrishana Rao vs. Principal Secretary to Govt. of Andhra Pradesh" (2001 to 2005) ALD 299. We do not find any parallels in the facts of that case and present case. Had there been scientific study and tangible material to infer that PoP is harmful to health or causes water pollution and the Notification was under the Water Act, the legal effect of such ban might have been viewed differently.
41. Considering the entire gamut of arguments and the legal position, we have no hesitation in holding that impugned communication dated 23.01.2012 issued by the Respondent No 4 is liable to be quashed to the extent of condition no. (1) thereof. Accordingly, for non-compliance with due procedure under the Water Act, we record our finding on the issue no. (ii) in the "negative".
30
42. The communication dated 18.06.2010 issued by the CPCB is in the form of guidelines and the challenge to said communication is given up during course of the arguments. Hence, to that extent the Application must fail.
43. Incidentally, we may mention here that immersion of idols must not diminish obeisance for the Gods/Goddesses. One who has seen mutilated PoP idols resurging on surface of the sea water, after the high-tide is over, will not forget the pathetic sight and plight of the PoP idols, which were at the centre of worshiping/Pandals before a few hours prior to the immersion thereof. The sight of such mutilated idols, some of them having broken hands, some of them having partly beheaded bodies, some of them having loss of legs, etc. give serious jolt to the religious sentiments of the prudent spectators.
We do not see any reason why the idols of Gods/Goddesses should not have sanctity and due respect even after the immersion. We mean to say, the aftermath of the immersion should not result into colossal disrespect to the idols of Gods and Goddesses on account of adoption of improper immersion process. One cannot be oblivious of the fact that when head of a soldier is found chopped at the hands of the enemy, the public sentiments are seriously hurt. And, it is a justified reaction as well as most natural reaction of the citizens. It does not stand to reason, therefore, that religious sentiments also will not be hurt to see the beheaded or 31 otherwise mutilated idols of Gods /Goddesses which come on surface of the water at the shore of the sea, ponds or other water bodies as a result of backlash or reverse water waives. Needless to say, therefore, that it would be in the interest of the public to avoid the hurting of religious sentiments by regulating immersion process and use of the PoP for making/manufacturing of idols of Gods/Goddesses.
44. Before parting with the present matter, we may observe that the use of PoP for making/manufacturing of not only Ganesh idols, but also any other idols or articles made of PoP which are traditionally immersed in rivers, ponds, sea, or other water bodies deserve reasonable restrictions. It is also necessary to strike a proper balance while imposing such restrictions. We do not think it proper to pre-determine the nature of restrictions and impose our views on the competent authority. However, we deem it proper to give certain directions to the SPCBs in general and to the GPCB in particular, for preventing water pollution.
45. In the result, the Application is partly allowed. The impugned communication dated 23.01.2012 is quashed to the extent of condition no. 1 stated therein i.e. which restricts use of PoP for manufacturing/making of idols. The other prayer pertaining to challenge to the guidelines dated 18.06.2010 stands dismissed. Other conditions no. 2 to 12 shown in the impugned direction of the Govt. Of Gujarat are kept intact till 32 further directions issued by GPCB or State Government or CPCB.
46. We direct the GPCB and all the other Pollution Control Boards which are covered by the Water Act to undertake scientific study of the impact of PoP made idols on immersion thereof, in relation to water quality of rivers, ponds, sea, or other sources and examine whether it is an environment pollutant.
47. We also direct the said PCBs to examine whether the immersion of PoP made idols, in fact, cause nuisance, though the PoP by itself may not be a water pollutant. After conducting such scientific study by appointing an Expert Committee, the Pollution Control Board or the Central Government or the State Government may issue appropriate directions in accordance with the powers available under section 33 - A of the Water Act or any other provisions under the Water Act or any other Act, in order to control water pollution or to avoid the nuisance caused on account of immersion of the PoP made idols.
48. Since the Ganesh festival and other festivals are in the offing, it is desirable that the Gujarat PCB as well as the other PCBs should complete the exercise mentioned above within a period of three (3) months and thereafter the SPCB or Government may issue the necessary directions, if so deemed 33 proper, under provisions of the Water Act or any other Act, as may be permissible and deemed proper.
49. We expect that the Pollution Control Boards or the Government would also decide and set out norms/benchmark for the heights of PoP idols which are to be ultimately immersed, in accordance with the nature of the immersion places, even though PoP is not found to be an "environment pollutant". For example, the idols to be immersed into sea water may not be of more than 8 - 10 ft. height and the idols to be immersed in ponds may not be of more than 5 ft. height, so on and so forth. So also, the local bodies may be required to create artificial ponds, in the absence of appropriate water resources like ponds, lakes, etc. for temporary purpose of immersion of PoP idols.
50. A copy of the Judgment be immediately made available to the CPCB and MoEF through their Counsel. The Counsel shall inform the MoEF/CPCB to circulate copies of the Judgment to all the concerned Authorities/PCBs of States to act upon the above directions/recommendations within the timeframe given above. The compliance shall be reported to the Registry of this Tribunal by all PCBs/CPCB/Forest and Environment Department of the Central Government as well as the State Governments within two (2) weeks after the scheduled period of three (3) months. They may also be made aware of the adverse consequences on account of non- compliance of the directions which may entail in accordance 34 with section 26 or section 28 of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.
The Application is accordingly disposed of with no order as to costs.
.........................................., JM (V. R. Kingaonkar) ........................................., EM (Dr. P.C. Mishra) ........................................., EM (Ranjan Chatterjee) ........................................., EM (B.S. Sajwan) 35


Preparation time
over 2 hours
Cooking time
over 2 hours
Serves
Serves 4
Beef and stilton makes a wonderfully rich pie. Earthy beetroot adds to this wonderful winter dish.
For the rough puff pastry, sift the flour into a bowl and make a well in the centre. Add the butter and salt and rub into the flour with your fingertips until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs.
Gradually add the ice-cold water, mixing until the dough comes together (be careful not to overwork the dough). Roll the dough into a ball, wrap in cling film and chill in the fridge for 20 minutes.
Remove the pastry from the fridge and unwrap it. Flour the work surface and roll out the pastry to a 40cm x 20cm/16in x 8in rectangle. Fold the pastry into thirds and give it a quarter turn. Roll the pastry out again into a 40cm x 20cm/16in x 8in rectangle as before and fold it into three again. Wrap the folded pastry in cling film and chill in the fridge for 30 minutes.
Remove the pastry from the fridge and unwrap it. Repeat the rolling out and folding process another two times, turning the pastry by a quarter each time. After folding it for the last time, wrap again in cling film and chill in the fridge until needed.
For the pie filling, place the beef, garlic, thyme, peppercorns and ale into a bowl. Cover with cling film and leave to marinate in the fridge for at least 2-3 hours, but preferably overnight.
Remove the beef from the marinade, pat dry with kitchen paper and dredge in the seasoned flour. Strain the marinade through a fine sieve into a clean bowl and set aside.
Heat the oil and one tablespoon of the butter in a flameproof casserole dish and fry the beef in small batches for 2-3 minutes each time, or until browned all over. Once the meat is browned, remove from the casserole dish and set aside.
Return the casserole dish to the heat and fry the mushrooms and shallots for 4-5 minutes, or until softened.
Return the beef and the reserved marinating liquid to the casserole and add the beef stock. Cover with a lid and gently simmer for 1½ hours, or until the beef is tender.
Strain off half of the cooking liquid from the casserole dish and set aside to make gravy for serving.
Crumble the Stilton into the casserole and stir until melted. Season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper and set aside to cool.
Preheat the oven to 180C/350F/Gas 4. Grease four 10cm/4in chefs' rings and dust each with flour.
Place the chefs' rings onto a baking tray and fill each with the beef and Stilton filling.
On a floured work surface, roll out the puff pastry to a thickness of about 2.5cm/1in. Cut out four circles of pastry large enough to cover the chefs' rings with a bit of overhang.
Brush the edges of the pastry with some of the beaten egg and place over the chefs' rings. Crimp the pastry to seal, then trim off any excess pastry, making sure there are no gaps between the chefs' rings and the pastry. Make a small hole in the middle of each pastry lid so allow steam to escape, then brush all over with the remaining beaten egg.
Bake the pies in the oven for 20-25 minutes, or until the pastry is crisp and golden-brown.
Meanwhile, place the reserved cooking liquid into a clean pan and simmer for 8-10 minutes, or until reduced to a gravy consistency. Stir in the remaining tablespoon of butter until melted, and the sauce is smooth and glossy. Keep warm.
For the celeriac and mustard mash, place the celeriac and potatoes into separate pans of cold water and bring to the boil. Reduce to a simmer and cook the celeriac for 15-20 minutes and the potatoes for 10-12 minutes, or until both are tender. Drain well, then place both the celeriac and potatoes to one pan and place back over the heat for a few minutes to drive off any excess moisture.
Mash the celeriac and potatoes together, then beat in the butter, the cream and the mustard until well combined. Season, to taste, with salt and white pepper.
For the honey-roasted beetroot, preheat the oven to 220C/425F/Gas 7.
Mix together the thyme, vinegar, olive oil and honey in a bowl until well combined.

Place the beetroot into a deep roasting tray and roast in the oven for 15 minutes, or until the beetroot is sticky and glazed.
To serve, transfer the pies onto a serving plate using a fish slice or spatula. Carefully remove the chefs' rings. Spoon the celeriac and potato mash on the side.


Parent Trap
A review
by Jeremiah Rickert
Starring: Dennis Quaid, Natasha Richardson, Lindsay Lohan Directed by: Nancy Meyers
Disney's remake department must be working overtime, trying to ressurect their "wonderful" "hits" of the past. We've seen remakes of such "classics" as "The Shaggy Dog," "The Computer Who Wore Tennis Shoes" "The Absent Minded Professor," and now "The Parent Trap." Most of these have been rather horrid attempts at injecting the 90s into concepts that were borne of the 60s. However, "The Parent Trap" outclasses all of these others in several respects.
Our story, as in the original, concerns a set of identical twins living with single parents. Annie James and Hallie Parker are the twins (played convincingly by newcomer Lindsay Lohan) who meet at summer camp. They discover that their parents (Dennis Quaid and Tony award winner Natasha Richardson) separated soon after they were born, each taking one of the twins with them. The girls were then raised without knowledge of each other. However, they both end up attending the same Summer Camp one year and after at first becoming rivals at the camp, they then realize they are twins with the same parents. They concoct a plan to switch places with each other, so they can meet the parent they never knew, and then force their parents to meet again when they're unswitched. After switching and enjoying time with their "new" parent, it is discovered that their father plans to remarry to a 20-something gold-digger who is only after his money (played with slime by Elaine Hendrix). The race is on to get everyone in once place again and convince their father that it's their mother he should marry.
The parents are Nick Parker (Dennis Quaid) and Elizabeth James (played by Tony winner Natasha Richardson). Parker runs a winery, and is an outdoorsey type, while James is a London Wedding Dress designer, with a growing reputation. Each of them seems to have done well without the other.
There is some fantastic comic relief provided by each parents' hired help. Lisa Ann Walter (Eddie) plays Chessy, the crass, down-to-earth housekeepr for Nick, and Simon Kunz (Goldeneye, 4 Weddings and a Funeral) plays Martin, Elizabeth's bulter. Each of them cares for the girls almost as much as their parents and each gives a hand in straightening things out.
The film kept me interested throughout its entirety, something that a lot of recent big-budget films have failed to do. The jokes range from the very obvious to the very subtle. In other words, there's stuff for the young kids to laugh at, as well as the adults in the audience. The acting is all more than adequate, except for perhaps Quaid. Having seen the original, I always saw Nick Parker as a little rougher than Quaid's portrayal. The late Brian Keith, in the original version, was a man who had some money, but didn't know what to do with it, was befuddled when it came to things like dressing up and acting refined in front of a woman, Quaid was a little too adjusted to these things, which doesn't ruin the movie, but it takes away an element that could have made it better. They don't really explore the conflict between the two worlds that the new parents live in. Farm life is a far cry from a London design house.
Meyers direction does the job just fine, she also had a hand in the screenplay. I have to give her a bravo for the long fencing duel fought by the two twins. Besides being rather hilarious, it had a lot of homages to the classic duels of the past, with lots of posing, strutting, and general braggadacio.
Overall I was entertained by this "little" film. It's by far the best of the recent Disney remakes, and was more entertaining than most of the summer blockbusters.
Of the $6.75 that I paid for my ticket, it was worth every penny.
Copyright 1998 Jeremiah Rickert --
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When I write:
import data.finset import data.fintype open fintype open finset variable {n : ℕ} local notation `X` := fin n variable {𝒜 : finset (finset X)} def compress (U V : finset X) (A : finset X) := if (disjoint U A) ∧ (V ⊆ A) then (A ∪ U) \ V else A
I get an error saying "failed to synthesize type class instance" for "decidable (disjoint U A ∧ V ⊆ A)", but if I rewrite the condition with U ∩ A = ∅
, it's fine... I'd like to keep the definition with disjoint though, since every time I use this definition I found myself converting the empty intersection to disjointness. How could I get around this?
I proved disjoint U V
is decidable instead... Is there a reason this isn't already in data/finset.lean
?
There's no reason not to have it in mathlib. People tend to add what they use so that might just never have come up before
Okay! Is there an issue with typeclass resolution, since this is saying disjoint on finsets is decidable, but might not be in other cases?
With decidable equality on α
, disjointness on finset
should always be decidable.
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


About Me
In a Nutshell
living in Orewa, Auckland, New Zealand
born in Detroit, Michigan, United States
currently building meaningful sites with For Purpose.
Likes
cats, going outside, nintendo, photography, craft beer, wes anderson films
living in Orewa, Auckland, New Zealand
born in Detroit, Michigan, United States
currently building meaningful sites with For Purpose.
cats, going outside, nintendo, photography, craft beer, wes anderson films


Structures
The following structures are available globally.
-
A feed reaction options to include reaction for activities.
- Available options:
includeOwn
: include reactions added by current user to all activities.includeOwnChildren
: include reactions added by current user to all reactions.includeRecent
: include recent reactions to activities.includeCounts
: include reaction counts to activities.
Declaration
Swift
public struct FeedReactionsOptions : OptionSet
- Available options:
-
A feed identifier based on
See morefeedSlug
anduserId
.Declaration
Swift
public struct FeedId : CustomStringConvertible, Codable
extension FeedId: Equatable
-
A feed Follower.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct Follower : Decodable
-
A file type.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct File
-
An image process option type.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct ImageProcess : Codable
-
An Open Graph response.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct OGResponse : Codable
-
An Open Graph image response.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct OGImageResponse : Codable
-
An Open Graph video response.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct OGVideoResponse : Codable
-
An Open Graph audio response.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct OGAudioResponse : Codable
-
A default empty type of
See moreReactionExtraDataProtocol
.Declaration
Swift
public struct EmptyReactionExtraData : ReactionExtraDataProtocol, Equatable
-
MARK: - Comment Comment reaction extra data.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct Comment : ReactionExtraDataProtocol
-
A reactions type.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct Reactions<T, U> : Decodable where T : Decodable, T : Encodable, U : UserProtocol
-
A responce object of changes from a subscription.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct SubscriptionResponse<T> : Decodable where T : ActivityProtocol


Ruby Hashes vs. JavaScript Objects
5.23.15
If I was to describe Ruby Hashes in one line: An unordered collection of paired items, where one is a key that points to it's value. If I was to descibe Javascript Objects in one line: An unordered list of properties, where a key can point to another object with more properties, where those proporties can point to another set of objects that then further contain more.... Compared to each other, Ruby Hashes are more restrictive in how its elements can be defined and accessed. Javascript hashes on the other hand let one defined multiple level of properties and objects easily. Another big difference is how Javascript treates a function as an object as well. So, an object's property can be called with '()' to execute the function. That function can also access all the properties of that table. So, where one would have to define a class in Ruby that has functions or methods that work on that class's variables, in Javascript, we can just use an object with the class's variables as some properties and the function that works on those variables just another property of that same Javascript object.


A single input source for an XML entity. More...
#include <InputSource.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
Destructor | |
| virtual | ~InputSource () |
| Destructor. | |
Virtual input source interface | |
| virtual BinInputStream * | makeStream () const =0 |
| Makes the byte stream for this input source. | |
Getter methods | |
| virtual const XMLCh * | getEncoding () const |
| An input source can be set to force the parser to assume a particular encoding for the data that input source represents, via the setEncoding() method. | |
| virtual const XMLCh * | getPublicId () const |
| Get the public identifier for this input source. | |
| virtual const XMLCh * | getSystemId () const |
| Get the system identifier for this input source. | |
| virtual bool | getIssueFatalErrorIfNotFound () const |
| Get the flag that indicates if the parser should issue fatal error if this input source is not found. | |
| MemoryManager * | getMemoryManager () const |
Setter methods | |
| virtual void | setEncoding (const XMLCh *const encodingStr) |
| Set the encoding which will be required for use with the XML text read via a stream opened by this input source. | |
| virtual void | setPublicId (const XMLCh *const publicId) |
| Set the public identifier for this input source. | |
| virtual void | setSystemId (const XMLCh *const systemId) |
| Set the system identifier for this input source. | |
| virtual void | setIssueFatalErrorIfNotFound (const bool flag) |
| Indicates if the parser should issue fatal error if this input source is not found. | |
Protected Member Functions | |
Constructors and Destructor | |
| InputSource (MemoryManager *const manager=XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager) | |
| Default constructor. | |
| InputSource (const XMLCh *const systemId, MemoryManager *const manager=XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager) | |
| Constructor with a system identifier as XMLCh type. | |
| InputSource (const XMLCh *const systemId, const XMLCh *const publicId, MemoryManager *const manager=XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager) | |
| Constructor with a system and public identifiers. | |
| InputSource (const char *const systemId, MemoryManager *const manager=XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager) | |
| Constructor witha system identifier as string. | |
| InputSource (const char *const systemId, const char *const publicId, MemoryManager *const manager=XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager) | |
| Constructor witha system and public identifiers. |
A single input source for an XML entity.
This class encapsulates information about an input source in a single object, which may include a public identifier or a system identifier
There are two places that the application will deliver this input source to the parser: as the argument to the Parser::parse method, or as the return value of the EntityResolver::resolveEntity method.
InputSource is never used directly, but is the base class for a number of derived classes for particular types of input sources. Derivatives are provided (in the framework/ directory) for URL input sources, memory buffer input sources, and so on.
When it is time to parse the input described by an input source, it will be asked to create a binary stream for that source. That stream will be used to input the data of the source. The derived class provides the implementation of the makeStream() method, and provides a type of stream of the correct type for the input source it represents.
An InputSource object belongs to the application: the parser never modifies them in any way. They are always passed by const reference so the parser will make a copy of any input sources that it must keep around beyond the call.
| virtual xercesc::InputSource::~InputSource | ( | ) | [virtual] |
Destructor.
| xercesc::InputSource::InputSource | ( | MemoryManager *const | manager = XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager |
) | [protected] |
Default constructor.
| xercesc::InputSource::InputSource | ( | const XMLCh *const | systemId, | |
| MemoryManager *const | manager = XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager | |||
| ) | [protected] |
Constructor with a system identifier as XMLCh type.
| systemId | The system identifier (URI). | |
| manager | Pointer to the memory manager to be used to allocate objects. |
| xercesc::InputSource::InputSource | ( | const XMLCh *const | systemId, | |
| const XMLCh *const | publicId, | |||
| MemoryManager *const | manager = XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager | |||
| ) | [protected] |
Constructor with a system and public identifiers.
| systemId | The system identifier (URI). | |
| publicId | The public identifier as in the entity definition. | |
| manager | Pointer to the memory manager to be used to allocate objects. |
| xercesc::InputSource::InputSource | ( | const char *const | systemId, | |
| MemoryManager *const | manager = XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager | |||
| ) | [protected] |
Constructor witha system identifier as string.
| systemId | The system identifier (URI). | |
| manager | Pointer to the memory manager to be used to allocate objects. |
| xercesc::InputSource::InputSource | ( | const char *const | systemId, | |
| const char *const | publicId, | |||
| MemoryManager *const | manager = XMLPlatformUtils::fgMemoryManager | |||
| ) | [protected] |
Constructor witha system and public identifiers.
Both as string
| systemId | The system identifier (URI). | |
| publicId | The public identifier as in the entity definition. | |
| manager | Pointer to the memory manager to be used to allocate objects. |
| const XMLCh * xercesc::InputSource::getEncoding | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
An input source can be set to force the parser to assume a particular encoding for the data that input source represents, via the setEncoding() method.
This method returns name of the encoding that is to be forced. If the encoding has never been forced, it returns a null pointer.
| bool xercesc::InputSource::getIssueFatalErrorIfNotFound | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Get the flag that indicates if the parser should issue fatal error if this input source is not found.
| MemoryManager * xercesc::InputSource::getMemoryManager | ( | ) | const [inline] |
| const XMLCh * xercesc::InputSource::getPublicId | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Get the public identifier for this input source.
| const XMLCh * xercesc::InputSource::getSystemId | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Get the system identifier for this input source.
If the system ID is a URL, it will be fully resolved.
| virtual BinInputStream* xercesc::InputSource::makeStream | ( | ) | const [pure virtual] |
Makes the byte stream for this input source.
The derived class must create and return a binary input stream of an appropriate type for its kind of data source. The returned stream must be dynamically allocated and becomes the parser's property.
Implemented in xercesc::LocalFileInputSource, xercesc::MemBufInputSource, xercesc::StdInInputSource, and xercesc::URLInputSource.
| virtual void xercesc::InputSource::setEncoding | ( | const XMLCh *const | encodingStr | ) | [virtual] |
Set the encoding which will be required for use with the XML text read via a stream opened by this input source.
This is usually not set, allowing the encoding to be sensed in the usual XML way. However, in some cases, the encoding in the file is known to be incorrect because of intermediate transcoding, for instance encapsulation within a MIME document.
| encodingStr | The name of the encoding to force. |
| void xercesc::InputSource::setIssueFatalErrorIfNotFound | ( | const bool | flag | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Indicates if the parser should issue fatal error if this input source is not found.
If set to false, the parser issue warning message instead.
| flag | True if the parser should issue fatal error if this input source is not found. If set to false, the parser issue warning message instead. (Default: true) |
| virtual void xercesc::InputSource::setPublicId | ( | const XMLCh *const | publicId | ) | [virtual] |
Set the public identifier for this input source.
The public identifier is always optional: if the application writer includes one, it will be provided as part of the location information.
| publicId | The public identifier as a string. |
| virtual void xercesc::InputSource::setSystemId | ( | const XMLCh *const | systemId | ) | [virtual] |
Set the system identifier for this input source.
Set the system identifier for this input source.
The system id is always required. The public id may be used to map to another system id, but the system id must always be present as a fall back.
If the system ID is a URL, it must be fully resolved.
| systemId | The system identifier as a string. |


Input to support image fields on a form, can automatically upload or submit with your form. This input uses HTML canvas to resize and reformat images, by default images will have a maximum of 250x250px (ratio is maintained) and converted to JPEG. This options can then be over-ridden, see the examples below.
This input field requires the inclusion of the EXIF library within your project and included within the scripts section of your angular.json.
To use the components here you first need to include this module in your application @NgModule
Any files that are dragged to the input will be available as blob data on the form. Also included in the form field is the file name, size and mime type (after any conversion).
When setting an existing value for an image, use a reference to an existing file viewable on the internet. This can be a fully qualified path or a relative path. Detection of a change and managing a change should be managed during form submission.


{% load bootstrap_components %} {% bootstrap_modal "Environmental Flows: Temporal Deficit" eflow-temporal-deficit-help %}
Objective: Assess how the transaction(s) affect the number of days in which water levels are below the desired environmental thresholds.
Assumption: The flows/levels/volumes of heavily depleted freshwater resources usually fall below the desired threshold(s) for environmental sufficiency during a significant portion of the year, and the intra-annual timing of these deficits varies depending on location. Restoring water to the system via transactions should reduce the time (percent of days) in deficit during critical seasons, and doing so will improve the potential health of the river ecosystem.
{% endbootstrap_modal %} {% bootstrap_modal "Environmental Flows: Volumetric Deficit" eflow-volumetric-deficit-help %}Objective: Assess how the transaction(s) affect the volumetric gap between environmental thresholds and actual flow during days with a deficit (days in which the actual level is less than the desired level)
Assumption: The degree of deficit (difference between target and recorded level/volume/flow) may vary by season, and the degree of this gap, in both a percentage and a volume/level, should shrink after enacting transactions that target instream flow benefits.
{% endbootstrap_modal %}


DataBuffer
public protocol DataBuffer : AnyObject
A protocol describing a data buffer on which data is pushed and poped DataBuffers must also conform to AnyObject to ensure that the Buffer uses Reference Semantics instead of Value Semantics.
-
The current size of the buffer
Declaration
Swift
var size: Int { get }
-
isEmpty
Default implementationIs the buffer empty
Default Implementation
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
var isEmpty: Bool { get }
-
Push new data onto the buffer
Declaration
Swift
func push(_ new: Data)
Parameters
new
the data to be appended to the buffer
-
Get notifications anytime that data is pushed onto the buffer
Declaration
Swift
var pushObserver: ((DataBuffer, Data) -> Void)? { get set }
-
A way to inspect a portion of the buffer without removing data
Declaration
Swift
func peek(length: Int) -> Data?
Parameters
length
the number of bytes requested
Return Value
The data contained on the buffer up to the length or nil if the buffer is not long enough
-
A way to inspect a portion of the buffer without removing data
Declaration
Swift
func peek(maximum: Int) -> Data
Parameters
length
the number of bytes requested
Return Value
The data contained on the buffer up to the length or the size of the buffer.
-
removes the specified number of bytes from the begining of the buffer
Declaration
Swift
func drop(length: Int)
Parameters
length
the number of bytes to drop from the begining of the buffer
-
clear the buffer. Resets the data accumulated so far.
Declaration
Swift
func clear()


Export the resulting .hart file as a Docker container and publish it to your registry account(s). Registry account settings
are managed in the
Integrations tab for this origin.
{{ enabled ? "On" : "Off" }}
You can configure this integration in the
origin Integrations tab.


After a long dangerous journey to Middle-earth you finally find the beans. After talking to and observing the local Elves use the beans you start get some ideas on how to use them in your research.
You get very excited and you can’t wait to get back home to your laboratory and start doing some research.


{%extends 'mgmt/index.html'%} {% load static%} {% block content %} {% load widget_tweaks %}
Below is list of all the P# that are currenlty located in Stock and Reserved Invenotry. Place a quick order to replenish the stock.
| P # | Description | Part-Type | QTY | Re-Order Lvl | Unit Price | Total Store Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{instance.part_number}} | {%else%}{{instance.part_number}} | {%endif%}{{instance.description}} | {{instance.part_type}} | {{instance.quantity}} | {{instance.reorder_level}} | $ {{instance.price}} | $ {% widthratio instance.price 1 instance.quantity %} | Re-Order Level | Order Now |


| Name |
Default |
Description |
| currentPage: number |
1 |
Number of the current selected page. |
| itemsPerPage: number |
5 |
Number of items per page. |
| showGoToPage: boolean |
false |
Show page navigation select. |
| itemsPerPageOptions: number[] |
[]
|
An array of objects representing the selectable options of the items per
page input.
|
| totalItems: number |
1 |
Total number of items in the pages. |
| paginationActions: string[] |
|
Pagination actions to be rendered ['prev', 'next', 'first','last']. In
case the property is not defined all actions will be rendered.
|
| tabIndexValue: number |
0 |
Value of the tabindex.
|
| onGoToPage: EventEmitter |
|
This event will emit the new page when the user interacts with the page navigation buttons or select.
|
| itemsPerPageFunction: EventEmitter |
|
This function will be called when the user picks an option for the
itemsPerPage select. The value selected will be passed as a parameter.
|


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block title %}Spinach Pear{% endblock %} {% block layout-content %} {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
You are already logged in as {{ request.user }}. Please don't sign up for a second account; if something is wrong, please contact the administrators.
{% else %} Registration for the semester is not open right now. Please check back later. {% endif %} {% endblock layout-content %}


Jan 1, 0001 | 1 minute read
+++ date = “2011-10-11” title = “about” +++
I’m a currently a Chief Technology Officer (and founder) at Nuveo (Artificial Intelligence within reach) and mathematician formed at IME-USP.
Work day-to-day with artificial intelligence, neural network and computer vision. With the need to process large dataset its focus of research and development include distributed systems, competition, Lisp, Golang and Python.


[gecode-users] Interacting with FlatZincSpaces, or: Gecode/JS bindings
Guido Tack
tack at gecode.org
Sat Apr 11 08:59:37 CEST 2015
> On 11 Apr 2015, at 11:56 am, Sebastian Kosch <sebastian.kosch at mail.utoronto.ca> wrote:
>
> Thanks Guido, that's helpful!
>
> Before I get started on c) then -- to start, I would probably just drop in mzn2fzn.cpp + friends, turn its output into a FlatZincSpace and run it
We already have a version of the Gecode/FlatZinc interpreter that is fully integrated into libminizinc (i.e. without the detour of producing a FlatZinc text file). We hope to be able to release at least a preview of this soon (this is with my MiniZinc hat on, it's not really related to Gecode).
> -- I have two more questions:
>
>> a) There are a few options here. You can change the parser to also export its symbol table, which you can use to look up variables in the FlatzincSpace by their name.
>
> That sounds really convenient, but I'm afraid I'll need a bit more hand-holding. As far as I can see, my named variable arrays in Minizinc turn into dozens of X_INTRODUCED_### variables in Flatzinc. How do I keep track of them?
Yes, that's a problem, this mapping is currently not available. All you can do at the Gecode level is to use the names in the FlatZinc (and that's the symbol table you could use). If you want to discuss more about the MiniZinc side of things, I'd suggest we move the discussion to the MiniZinc forums (or private email) instead.
>
>> I also have some ideas on making Gecode much more compact (by removing much of the template instantiation), I think that should help make the generated Javascript more manageable.
>
> That's an interesting and promising idea. Is this on your short-term agenda? If not, and if I decide to look into it myself, where would be the best place to start (in terms of refactoring effort/bloat reduction ratio)?
First of all I'd try out the usual compiler options, i.e. turning off inlining, and setting the optimiser to focus on code size.
After that it's really a refactoring job. Most propagators in Gecode use "views" to implement different versions of a constraint, and each version requires a different template instantiation. That blows up the code size. Instead, it would be possible to implement the different versions using views with virtual functions, and then instantiate the propagators only with the base view class and derive the different versions by inheritance. I haven't fully thought this through yet, it's possible that it would involve quite a lot of code duplication and copy/paste, no idea if it's possible to do it more systematically.
Cheers,
Guido
>
>> b) The serialisation interface was part of Gecode 2 but we removed it in Gecode 3 (I think), mainly because it was an incredibly invasive part of the code (IIRC it made up about 30% of the overall Gecode code base!).
>
> Ah, I see.
> Thanks again!
>
> Seb
>
>>
>>> On 11 Apr 2015, at 12:03 am, Sebastian Kosch <sebastian.kosch at mail.utoronto.ca> wrote:
>>>
>>> Hi,
>>>
>>> I am playing with the idea of building a simple browser interface to
>>> Gecode. I have tweaked the source so that it compiles to a asm.js blob
>>> via emscripten -- notwithstanding the dozens of obvious reasons why
>>> doing this is a dumb idea, I can now solve Flatzinc models in the
>>> browser, and that's pretty cool.
>>>
>>> I would like to do more than just input a Flatzinc string, of course,
>>> and build something closer to Gist maybe. So I would like to either
>>>
>>> a) write wrapper functions in C++ to interact with the Flatzinc model
>>> after it's been read in. This code would go into the JS blob and allow
>>> me to interact with the space from the browser (e.g. add/remove
>>> variables and constraints, change options, restart searches etc.) -- or:
>>>
>>> b) have an easier way of passing Javascript objects directly to Gecode
>>> to manipulate the space.
>>>
>>> (a potential option c) might be to integrate the Minizinc parser into
>>> the JS blob, and to create a "proper" space in Gecode directly from
>>> Minizinc instead of compiling to Flatzinc first, and then use a) ... but I'd rather not.)
>>>
>>> In terms of a), what are my options beyond finding out which of the
>>> variables are part of the optimization? Can I access Flatzinc
>>> annotations on variables somehow? Is there a way to predict which
>>> objects in the space correspond to which of the parts in the "original"
>>> Minizinc model?
>>>
>>> In terms of b), it appears that this was planned at some point (see
>>> https://github.com/mattetti/Gecoder/blob/0352cf3b879d2f6764a4da6efe3fb2b1ff1b819c/vendor/gecode/win32/include/gecode/serialization.hh),
>>> but then dropped. Could I investigate this further, or did you come up
>>> against hard reasons why that's not an option at all?
>>>
>>> I hope all of this doesn't sound too crazy or convoluted. I'm looking
>>> forward to your thoughts!
>>>
>>> Sebastian
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Gecode users mailing list
>>> users at gecode.org
>>> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
>>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Gecode users mailing list
> users at gecode.org
> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
More information about the users
mailing list


{{ state?.status == undefined ? "disconnected" : state?.status }}
Depict-it
How to play Depict-It
Depict-It is a hilarious cross between Pictionary and Chinese Whispers.
Ideally for 4-8 players, but can be played with more!
Each player is given a prompt card which they must attempt to illustrate on the canvas provided. Their drawings will be passed to another player to describe in text, and that text passed to another player to draw and so on until it has passed through the whole group.
At game end, the progression of the prompt will be shown to all players, and they can vote on which they think is the most funny, clever or just downright nonsensical.
The winner is the player with the most votes at the end of all the voting rounds.
Game Play
- When the game starts you will be shown a drawing prompt.
- As best you can in the time allowed, try to draw on the white tile what your prompt describes. When you are finished drawing, press the "I'm finished button"
- In the next round, your drawing will be passed to another player in your group and you will receive a drawing of theirs. Feel free to admire it.
- In the text box provided, type in a description of the drawing you're looking at, you can be as expressive as you like.
- When you are done click "Caption this" and your description will be sent to another player to draw.
- In the next round you'll be given a description written by another player. Try to draw what they've described.
- The game will continue until each prompt has passed back round to its original illustrator. Once this happens the prompt progressions will be revealed.
- Take your time to laugh at your friend's drawing skills and perhaps even share a screenshot of your favourites.
- Vote for the card in each progression that you think is the best. You can define your own reasoning for this.
- The winner is the player with the most votes, but in the end, aren't we all winners?!


Tools
ScreenshotTowers keep the bad guys away
Laser TowersShoots lasers pretty quickly.
Damage - 10
Range - 4
Unleashs a relentless fury of bullets
Damage - 30
Range - 3.5
Shoots balls of destruction that causes splash damage.
Damage - 100
Range - 4
Slow-firing towers with long range and the gentle caress of a freight
truck.
Damage - 5000
Range - 6.5
Slow-firing towers with the ability to cover the entire map.
Damage - 650
Range - ∞
Shoots a constant beam at a single blob.
Damage - 45/ms
Range - 7
Shoots a snowball at a single blob, slowing them down.
Damage - 0/ms
Takes away 5 speed points per shot
Range - 2
Blobs are the evil scourge which long to plaster the sickening Game Over message at the top of your screen.
Normal BlobsYou will know these Blobs well, and will prosper by ending their drab, boring existences
These blobs arrive every third wave. These Blobs move quickly, but their smaller bodies can take less damage
These blobs plow through your territory every five waves. They're slow, but extremely hearty.
Once in a blue moon, one of these warlords appears and lays waste to your defenses with its absurd hitpoints and size.
You need to hope to never see one of these.
Each of those categories of Blobs can also have one additional behavior. Some Blobs are very slow crossing water, some climb mountains at shocking speeds, and some even fly over your towers while mocking the effectiveness of your intricate designs.
Each square on the board is a certain type of terrain. Terrain is randomly assigned each time the game is played, and bestows certain effects upon towers and Blobs inside of them.
Neutral TerrainThis is the most common terrain, and doesn't do anything.
This terrain slows most Blobs down.
This terrain slows Blobs down, and gives towers a range bonus.
This terrain makes Blobs twice as fast, and will also double the damage of any tower built there.
4.0 6/25
New tower (Snow Tower)
Optimized clean code
Rebalances
Screenshot your game
3.4 6/10
More small UI fixes
3.3 5/14
Fixed the rest of the UI from 3.0
Controls are now icons instead of text
Added this menu
Added a dark mode
| Hp
|
| Value
|
| Range
|
| Damage
|


Your Dashboard
Select Period
Selected period:
Code progress and Quality
Your Progress
Team Results
My Results
Number of files uploaded :
10
Number of files reviewed :
8
My Badges


---
layout: default
title: Shop List
permalink: /shoplist
---
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "北海道" %}
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "東北地方" %}
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "関東地方" %}
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "中部地方" %}
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "近畿地方" %}
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "中国地方" %}
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "四国地方" %}
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "九州地方" %}
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "沖縄" %}
{% include shop_region_partial.html region_name = "海外" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "北海道" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "東北地方" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "関東地方" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "中部地方" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "近畿地方" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "中国地方" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "四国地方" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "九州地方" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "沖縄" %}
{% include shop_partial.html region_name = "海外" %}