Module: ActionController::RequestForgeryProtection
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| Defined in: | actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb |
Overview
Controller actions are protected from Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks by including a token in the rendered HTML for your application. This token is stored as a random string in the session, to which an attacker does not have access. When a request reaches your application, Rails verifies the received token with the token in the session. All requests are checked except GET requests as these should be idempotent. Keep in mind that all session-oriented requests are CSRF protected by default, including JavaScript and HTML requests.
Since HTML and JavaScript requests are typically made from the browser, we need to ensure to verify request authenticity for the web browser. We can use session-oriented authentication for these types of requests, by using the protect_from_forgery
method in our controllers.
GET requests are not protected since they don’t have side effects like writing to the database and don’t leak sensitive information. JavaScript requests are an exception: a third-party site can use a <script> tag to reference a JavaScript URL on your site. When your JavaScript response loads on their site, it executes. With carefully crafted JavaScript on their end, sensitive data in your JavaScript response may be extracted. To prevent this, only XmlHttpRequest (known as XHR or Ajax) requests are allowed to make requests for JavaScript responses.
Subclasses of Base
are protected by default with the :exception
strategy, which raises an InvalidAuthenticityToken
error on unverified requests.
APIs may want to disable this behavior since they are typically designed to be state-less: that is, the request API
client handles the session instead of Rails. One way to achieve this is to use the :null_session
strategy instead, which allows unverified requests to be handled, but with an empty session:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
protect_from_forgery with: :null_session
end
Note that API
only applications don’t include this module or a session middleware by default, and so don’t require CSRF protection to be configured.
The token parameter is named authenticity_token
by default. The name and value of this token must be added to every layout that renders forms by including csrf_meta_tags
in the HTML head
.
Learn more about CSRF attacks and securing your application in the Ruby on {Rails Security Guide}.
Constant Summary
-
AUTHENTICITY_TOKEN_LENGTH =
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 43432
-
CROSS_ORIGIN_JAVASCRIPT_WARNING =
private
Internal use only
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 399"Security warning: an embedded " \ "<script> tag on another site requested protected JavaScript. " \ "If you know what you're doing, go ahead and disable forgery " \ "protection on this action to permit cross-origin JavaScript embedding."
-
CSRF_TOKEN =
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 60"action_controller.csrf_token"
-
GLOBAL_CSRF_TOKEN_IDENTIFIER =
private
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 563"!real_csrf_token"
-
NULL_ORIGIN_MESSAGE =
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 599<<~MSG The browser returned a 'null' origin for a request with origin-based forgery protection turned on. This usually means you have the 'no-referrer' Referrer-Policy header enabled, or that the request came from a site that refused to give its origin. This makes it impossible for Rails to verify the source of the requests. Likely the best solution is to change your referrer policy to something less strict like same-origin or strict-origin. If you cannot change the referrer policy, you can disable origin checking with the Rails.application.config.action_controller.forgery_protection_origin_check setting. MSG
::ActiveSupport::Callbacks
- Included
::AbstractController::Callbacks
- Attributes & Methods
- .raise_on_missing_callback_actions (also: #raise_on_missing_callback_actions) rw
- #raise_on_missing_callback_actions rw
::AbstractController::Helpers
- Attributes & Methods
Class Method Summary
::ActiveSupport::DescendantsTracker
- self
| descendants | See additional method definition at line 106. |
| subclasses | See additional method definition at line 102. |
| clear, disable_clear!, reject!, | |
| store_inherited | This is the only method that is not thread safe, but is only ever called during the eager loading phase. |
::ActiveSupport::DescendantsTracker::ReloadedClassesFiltering
- Included
::ActiveSupport::Concern
- Extended
| class_methods | Define class methods from given block. |
| included | Evaluate given block in context of base class, so that you can write class macros here. |
| prepended | Evaluate given block in context of base class, so that you can write class macros here. |
| append_features, prepend_features |
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#any_authenticity_token_valid? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
private
Checks if any of the authenticity tokens from the request are valid.
-
#marked_for_same_origin_verification? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
private
If the #verify_authenticity_token before_action ran, verify that JavaScript responses are only served to same-origin GET requests.
-
#non_xhr_javascript_response? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
private
Check for cross-origin JavaScript responses.
-
#protect_against_forgery? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
private
Checks if the controller allows forgery protection.
-
#valid_request_origin? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
private
Checks if the request originated from the same origin by looking at the Origin header.
-
#verified_request? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
private
Returns true or false if a request is verified.
::AbstractController::Callbacks
- Included
Instance Method Summary
- #commit_csrf_token(request)
- #reset_csrf_token(request)
- #compare_with_global_token(token, session = nil) private
- #compare_with_real_token(token, session = nil) private
- #csrf_token_hmac(session, identifier) private
-
#form_authenticity_param
private
The form’s authenticity parameter.
-
#form_authenticity_token(form_options: {})
private
Creates the authenticity token for the current request.
- #global_csrf_token(session = nil) private
- #handle_unverified_request private
-
#mark_for_same_origin_verification!
private
GET requests are checked for cross-origin JavaScript after rendering.
- #mask_token(raw_token) private
-
#masked_authenticity_token(form_options: {})
private
Creates a masked version of the authenticity token that varies on each request.
- #normalize_action_path(action_path) private
- #per_form_csrf_token(session, action_path, method) private
- #real_csrf_token(_session = nil) private
-
#request_authenticity_tokens
private
Possible authenticity tokens sent in the request.
- #unmask_token(masked_token) private
-
#valid_authenticity_token?(session, encoded_masked_token) ⇒ Boolean
private
Checks the client’s masked token to see if it matches the session token.
- #valid_per_form_csrf_token?(token, session = nil) ⇒ Boolean private
-
#verify_authenticity_token
private
The actual before_action that is used to verify the CSRF token.
-
#verify_same_origin_request
private
If #verify_authenticity_token was run (indicating that we have forgery protection enabled for this request) then also verify that we aren’t serving an unauthorized cross-origin response.
- #xor_byte_strings(s1, s2) private
- #decode_csrf_token(encoded_csrf_token) private Internal use only
- #encode_csrf_token(csrf_token) private Internal use only
- #generate_csrf_token private Internal use only
- #unverified_request_warning_message private Internal use only
::ActiveSupport::Callbacks
- Included
| #run_callbacks | Runs the callbacks for the given event. |
| #halted_callback_hook | A hook invoked every time a before callback is halted. |
::AbstractController::Helpers
- Included
DSL Calls
included
[ GitHub ]67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 67
included do # Sets the token parameter name for RequestForgery. Calling protect_from_forgery # sets it to <tt>:authenticity_token</tt> by default. config_accessor :request_forgery_protection_token self.request_forgery_protection_token ||= :authenticity_token # Holds the class which implements the request forgery protection. config_accessor :forgery_protection_strategy self.forgery_protection_strategy = nil # Controls whether request forgery protection is turned on or not. Turned off by default only in test mode. config_accessor :allow_forgery_protection self.allow_forgery_protection = true if allow_forgery_protection.nil? # Controls whether a CSRF failure logs a warning. On by default. config_accessor :log_warning_on_csrf_failure self.log_warning_on_csrf_failure = true # Controls whether the Origin header is checked in addition to the CSRF token. config_accessor :forgery_protection_origin_check self.forgery_protection_origin_check = false # Controls whether form-action/method specific CSRF tokens are used. config_accessor :per_form_csrf_tokens self.per_form_csrf_tokens = false # Controls whether forgery protection is enabled by default. config_accessor :default_protect_from_forgery self.default_protect_from_forgery = false # The strategy to use for storing and retrieving CSRF tokens. config_accessor :csrf_token_storage_strategy self.csrf_token_storage_strategy = SessionStore.new helper_method :form_authenticity_token helper_method :protect_against_forgery? end
Class Attribute Details
._helper_methods (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb', line 12
class_attribute :_helper_methods, default: Array.new
._helper_methods? ⇒ Boolean
(rw)
[ GitHub ]
# File 'actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb', line 12
class_attribute :_helper_methods, default: Array.new
.raise_on_missing_callback_actions (rw) Also known as: #raise_on_missing_callback_actions
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb', line 36
mattr_accessor :raise_on_missing_callback_actions, default: false
Instance Attribute Details
#_helper_methods (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb', line 12
class_attribute :_helper_methods, default: Array.new
#_helper_methods? ⇒ Boolean
(rw)
[ GitHub ]
# File 'actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb', line 12
class_attribute :_helper_methods, default: Array.new
#any_authenticity_token_valid? ⇒ Boolean
(readonly, private)
Checks if any of the authenticity tokens from the request are valid.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 447
def any_authenticity_token_valid? # :doc: request_authenticity_tokens.any? do |token| valid_authenticity_token?(session, token) end end
#marked_for_same_origin_verification? ⇒ Boolean
(readonly, private)
If the #verify_authenticity_token before_action ran, verify that JavaScript responses are only served to same-origin GET requests.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 425
def marked_for_same_origin_verification? # :doc: @marked_for_same_origin_verification ||= false end
#non_xhr_javascript_response? ⇒ Boolean
(readonly, private)
Check for cross-origin JavaScript responses.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 430
def non_xhr_javascript_response? # :doc: %r(\A(?:text|application)/javascript).match?(media_type) && !request.xhr? end
#protect_against_forgery? ⇒ Boolean
(readonly, private)
Checks if the controller allows forgery protection.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 595
def protect_against_forgery? # :doc: allow_forgery_protection && (!session.respond_to?(:enabled?) || session.enabled?) end
#raise_on_missing_callback_actions (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb', line 36
mattr_accessor :raise_on_missing_callback_actions, default: false
#valid_request_origin? ⇒ Boolean
(readonly, private)
Checks if the request originated from the same origin by looking at the Origin header.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 610
def valid_request_origin? # :doc: if forgery_protection_origin_check # We accept blank origin headers because some user agents don't send it. raise InvalidAuthenticityToken, NULL_ORIGIN_MESSAGE if request.origin == "null" request.origin.nil? || request.origin == request.base_url else true end end
#verified_request? ⇒ Boolean
(readonly, private)
Returns true or false if a request is verified. Checks:
-
Is it a GET or HEAD request? GETs should be safe and idempotent
-
Does the form_authenticity_token match the given token value from the params?
-
Does the
X-CSRF-Token
header match the form_authenticity_token?
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 441
def verified_request? # :doc: !protect_against_forgery? || request.get? || request.head? || (valid_request_origin? && any_authenticity_token_valid?) end
Instance Method Details
#commit_csrf_token(request)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 354
def commit_csrf_token(request) # :doc: csrf_token = request.env[CSRF_TOKEN] csrf_token_storage_strategy.store(request, csrf_token) unless csrf_token.nil? end
#compare_with_global_token(token, session = nil) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 533
def compare_with_global_token(token, session = nil) # :doc: ActiveSupport::SecurityUtils.fixed_length_secure_compare(token, global_csrf_token(session)) end
#compare_with_real_token(token, session = nil) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 529
def compare_with_real_token(token, session = nil) # :doc: ActiveSupport::SecurityUtils.fixed_length_secure_compare(token, real_csrf_token(session)) end
#csrf_token_hmac(session, identifier) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 570
def csrf_token_hmac(session, identifier) # :doc: OpenSSL::HMAC.digest( OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.new, real_csrf_token(session), identifier ) end
#decode_csrf_token(encoded_csrf_token) (private)
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 633
def decode_csrf_token(encoded_csrf_token) # :nodoc: Base64.urlsafe_decode64(encoded_csrf_token) end
#encode_csrf_token(csrf_token) (private)
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 629
def encode_csrf_token(csrf_token) # :nodoc: Base64.urlsafe_encode64(csrf_token, padding: false) end
#form_authenticity_param (private)
The form’s authenticity parameter. Override to provide your own.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 590
def form_authenticity_param # :doc: params[request_forgery_protection_token] end
#form_authenticity_token(form_options: {}) (private)
Creates the authenticity token for the current request.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 459
def form_authenticity_token(form_options: {}) # :doc: masked_authenticity_token(form_options: ) end
#generate_csrf_token (private)
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 625
def generate_csrf_token # :nodoc: SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64(AUTHENTICITY_TOKEN_LENGTH) end
#global_csrf_token(session = nil) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 566
def global_csrf_token(session = nil) # :doc: csrf_token_hmac(session, GLOBAL_CSRF_TOKEN_IDENTIFIER) end
#handle_unverified_request (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 380
def handle_unverified_request # :doc: protection_strategy = forgery_protection_strategy.new(self) if protection_strategy.respond_to?(: ) protection_strategy. = end protection_strategy.handle_unverified_request end
#mark_for_same_origin_verification! (private)
GET requests are checked for cross-origin JavaScript after rendering.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 419
def mark_for_same_origin_verification! # :doc: @marked_for_same_origin_verification = request.get? end
#mask_token(raw_token) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 522
def mask_token(raw_token) # :doc: one_time_pad = SecureRandom.random_bytes(AUTHENTICITY_TOKEN_LENGTH) encrypted_csrf_token = xor_byte_strings(one_time_pad, raw_token) masked_token = one_time_pad + encrypted_csrf_token encode_csrf_token(masked_token) end
#masked_authenticity_token(form_options: {}) (private)
Creates a masked version of the authenticity token that varies on each request. The masking is used to mitigate SSL attacks like BREACH.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 466
def masked_authenticity_token(form_options: {}) action, method = .values_at(:action, :method) raw_token = if per_form_csrf_tokens && action && method action_path = normalize_action_path(action) per_form_csrf_token(nil, action_path, method) else global_csrf_token end mask_token(raw_token) end
#normalize_action_path(action_path) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 620
def normalize_action_path(action_path) # :doc: uri = URI.parse(action_path) uri.path.chomp("/") end
#per_form_csrf_token(session, action_path, method) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 559
def per_form_csrf_token(session, action_path, method) # :doc: csrf_token_hmac(session, [action_path, method.downcase].join("#")) end
#real_csrf_token(_session = nil) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 551
def real_csrf_token(_session = nil) # :doc: csrf_token = request.env.fetch(CSRF_TOKEN) do request.env[CSRF_TOKEN] = csrf_token_storage_strategy.fetch(request) || generate_csrf_token end decode_csrf_token(csrf_token) end
#request_authenticity_tokens (private)
Possible authenticity tokens sent in the request.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 454
def request_authenticity_tokens # :doc: [form_authenticity_param, request.x_csrf_token] end
#reset_csrf_token(request)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 349
def reset_csrf_token(request) # :doc: request.env.delete(CSRF_TOKEN) csrf_token_storage_strategy.reset(request) end
#unmask_token(masked_token) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 514
def unmask_token(masked_token) # :doc: # Split the token into the one-time pad and the encrypted # value and decrypt it. one_time_pad = masked_token[0...AUTHENTICITY_TOKEN_LENGTH] encrypted_csrf_token = masked_token[AUTHENTICITY_TOKEN_LENGTH..-1] xor_byte_strings(one_time_pad, encrypted_csrf_token) end
#unverified_request_warning_message (private)
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 390
def # :nodoc: if valid_request_origin? "Can't verify CSRF token authenticity." else "HTTP Origin header (#{request.origin}) didn't match request.base_url (#{request.base_url})" end end
#valid_authenticity_token?(session, encoded_masked_token) ⇒ Boolean
(private)
Checks the client’s masked token to see if it matches the session token. Essentially the inverse of #masked_authenticity_token.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 482
def valid_authenticity_token?(session, encoded_masked_token) # :doc: if encoded_masked_token.nil? || encoded_masked_token.empty? || !encoded_masked_token.is_a?(String) return false end begin masked_token = decode_csrf_token(encoded_masked_token) rescue ArgumentError # encoded_masked_token is invalid Base64 return false end # See if it's actually a masked token or not. In order to # deploy this code, we should be able to handle any unmasked # tokens that we've issued without error. if masked_token.length == AUTHENTICITY_TOKEN_LENGTH # This is actually an unmasked token. This is expected if # you have just upgraded to masked tokens, but should stop # happening shortly after installing this gem. compare_with_real_token masked_token elsif masked_token.length == AUTHENTICITY_TOKEN_LENGTH * 2 csrf_token = unmask_token(masked_token) compare_with_global_token(csrf_token) || compare_with_real_token(csrf_token) || valid_per_form_csrf_token?(csrf_token) else false # Token is malformed. end end
#valid_per_form_csrf_token?(token, session = nil) ⇒ Boolean
(private)
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 537
def valid_per_form_csrf_token?(token, session = nil) # :doc: if per_form_csrf_tokens correct_token = per_form_csrf_token( session, request.path.chomp("/"), request.request_method ) ActiveSupport::SecurityUtils.fixed_length_secure_compare(token, correct_token) else false end end
#verify_authenticity_token (private)
The actual before_action that is used to verify the CSRF token. Don’t override this directly. Provide your own forgery protection strategy instead. If you override, you’ll disable same-origin <script>
verification.
Lean on the protect_from_forgery declaration to mark which actions are due for same-origin request verification. If protect_from_forgery is enabled on an action, this before_action flags its after_action to verify that JavaScript responses are for XHR requests, ensuring they follow the browser’s same-origin policy.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 370
def verify_authenticity_token # :doc: mark_for_same_origin_verification! if !verified_request? logger.warn if logger && log_warning_on_csrf_failure handle_unverified_request end end
#verify_same_origin_request (private)
If #verify_authenticity_token was run (indicating that we have forgery protection enabled for this request) then also verify that we aren’t serving an unauthorized cross-origin response.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 409
def verify_same_origin_request # :doc: if marked_for_same_origin_verification? && non_xhr_javascript_response? if logger && log_warning_on_csrf_failure logger.warn CROSS_ORIGIN_JAVASCRIPT_WARNING end raise ActionController::InvalidCrossOriginRequest, CROSS_ORIGIN_JAVASCRIPT_WARNING end end
#xor_byte_strings(s1, s2) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb', line 578
def xor_byte_strings(s1, s2) # :doc: s2 = s2.dup size = s1.bytesize i = 0 while i < size s2.setbyte(i, s1.getbyte(i) ^ s2.getbyte(i)) i += 1 end s2 end


app-utils/app-utils.module.ts
This module contains a utility AppService for managing the configuration of a Sinequa SBA and a FormatService for handling the formatting and parsing of Sinequa field values. It also contains an implementation of a Query class as well as classes for manipulating Sinequa fielded search expressions.
The AuditInterceptor in this module should be registered using HTTP_INTERCEPTORS
in your app module.
import {NgModule} from "@angular/core";
import {BaseModule} from "@sinequa/core/base";
import {IntlModule} from "@sinequa/core/intl";
import {WebServicesModule} from "@sinequa/core/web-services";
import {APP_UTILS_MODULE_PROVIDERS} from "./module.providers";
/**
* This module contains a utility {@link AppService} for managing the configuration of a Sinequa SBA and a {@link FormatService}
* for handling the formatting and parsing of Sinequa field values. It also contains an implementation of a {@link Query} class
* as well as classes for manipulating Sinequa fielded search expressions.
*
* The {@link AuditInterceptor} in this module should be registered using `HTTP_INTERCEPTORS` in your app module.
*/
@NgModule({
imports: [
BaseModule,
IntlModule,
WebServicesModule
],
declarations: [
],
exports: [
],
providers: [
...APP_UTILS_MODULE_PROVIDERS
]
})
export class AppUtilsModule {
}


Plugin Extensions and Extension Points
The IntelliJ Platform provides the concept of extensions and extension points that allows a plugin to interact with other plugins or with the IDE itself.
Extension points
If you want your plugin to allow other plugins to extend its functionality, in the plugin, you must declare one or several extension points. Each extension point defines a class or an interface that is allowed to access this point.
Extensions
If you want your plugin to extend the functionality of other plugins or the IntelliJ Platform, you must declare one or several extensions.
How to declare extensions and extension points
You can declare extensions and extension points in the plugin configuration file plugin.xml
, within the <extensions>
and <extensionPoints>
sections, respectively.
To declare an extension point
In the <extensionPoints>
section, insert a child element <extensionPoint>
that defines the extension point name and the name of a bean class or an interface that is allowed to extend the plugin functionality in the name
, beanClass
and interface
attributes, respectively.
To clarify this procedure, consider the following sample section of the plugin.xml file:
<extensionPoints>
<extensionPoint name="MyExtensionPoint1" beanClass="MyPlugin.MyBeanClass1">
<extensionPoint name="MyExtensionPoint2" interface="MyPlugin.MyInterface">
</extensionPoints>
- The
interface
attribute sets an interface the plugin that contributes to the extension point must implement. - The
beanClass
attribute sets a bean class that specifies one or several properties annotated with the @Attribute annotation.
The plugin that contributes to the extension point will read those properties from the plugin.xml
file.
To clarify this, consider the following sample MyBeanClass1
bean class used in the above plugin.xml
file:
public class MyBeanClass1 extends AbstractExtensionPointBean {
@Attribute("key")
public String key;
@Attribute("implementationClass")
public String implementationClass;
public String getKey() {
return key;
}
public String getClass() {
return implementationClass;
}
}
Note that to declare an extension designed to access the MyExtensionPoint1
extension point, your plugin.xml
file must contain the <MyExtensionPoint1>
tag with the key
and implementationClass
attributes set to appropriate values (see sample below).
To declare an extension
- For the
<extensions>
element, set thexmlns
(deprecated) ordefaultExtensionNs
attribute to one of the following values:com.intellij
, if your plugin extends the IntelliJ Platform core functionality.{ID of a plugin}
, if your plugin extends a functionality of another plugin.
- Add a new child element to the
<extensions>
element. The child element name must match the name of the extension point you want the extension to access. - Depending on the type of the extension point, do one of the following:
- If the extension point was declared using the
interface
attribute, for newly added child element, set theimplementation
attribute to the name of the class that implements the specified interface. - If the extension point was declared using the
beanClass
attribute, for newly added child element, set all attributes annotated with the @Attribute annotations in the specified bean class.
- If the extension point was declared using the
To clarify this procedure, consider the following sample section of the plugin.xml
file that defines two extensions designed to access the appStarter
and applicationConfigurable
extension points in the IntelliJ Platform and one extension to access the MyExtensionPoint1
extension point in a test plugin:
<!-- Declare extensions to access extension points in the IntelliJ Platform.
These extension points have been declared using the "interface" attribute.
-->
<extensions defaultExtensionNs="com.intellij">
<appStarter implementation="MyTestPackage.MyTestExtension1" />
<applicationConfigurable implementation="MyTestPackage.MyTestExtension2" />
</extensions>
<!-- Declare extensions to access extension points in a custom plugin
The MyExtensionPoint1 extension point has been declared using *beanClass* attribute.
-->
<extensions defaultExtensionNs="MyPluginID">
<MyExtensionPoint1 key="keyValue" implementationClass="MyTestPackage.MyClassImpl"></MyExtensionPoint1>
</extensions>
How to get the extension points list?
To get a list of extension points available in the IntelliJ Platform core, consult the <extensionPoints>
section of the following XML configuration files:
Additional Information and Samples
For samples plugins and detailed instructions on how to create your plugin that contributes to the IDEA core, refer to Customizing the IDEA Settings Dialog and Creation of Tool Windows.


Sets the time in seconds before any journal files are flushed to disk. A reasonable value for this variable is 30 seconds. To disable journalling, set this variable to 0 or false.
By default Emacs will not journal scratch buffers, even when current-buffer-journalled is 1. This is normally a good thing as its improves the performance of Emacs. Many packages use scratch buffers which would be journalled if this variable was set to 1.
Set this variable to 1 will enable journalling on all buffers.


This demo is functionally exactly the same as the Buttons demo except for the fact that it features a kitten, a puppy, a tiger and a wolf. Only a small difference then.
The Bluetooth related code in this demo is identical to that which is used in the Buttons demo since it also uses notification messages from the two button related characteristics which the Button Service contains. You'll find more detail about this in the Help screen for the Buttons demo.
Apart from the Bluetooth code, this demo also shows how to play back recorded sounds from your Android device and how to dynamically change images you display on the screen.
And by the way, there's a back story to the Animal Magic demo. Press the left button and you'll see and hear a kitten. Press the right button and you'll see and hear a puppy. But hold down either button for more than 2 seconds and you'll discover what the kitten or puppy dreams of becoming!
All the code for this demo can be found in ui.AnimalsActivity.java except for the Bluetooth operations which are in bluetooth.BleAdapterService.


ZATTIX
Buying and Selling Couldn't be Simpler than this!
Painting (Pencil, Glass, Oil, Gausgasian, Pastel, Digital)
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Jewelry (Rings, Necklace, Bracelet, Earings, Watches)
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Clothing & Shoes(Shirst, Dress, Sneakers, Shorts, Bags)
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Home & Living(Chandeliers, Sofas, Table, Birds, Carpets)
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100
Wall Paint
New
From Kumasi, Ghana
$100


An Artificial Neural Network that uses both NFL statistics as well as tweets from fans to predict NFL game outcomes.
Created for an EECS 396 intro to Deep Learning final project at Northwestern University.
Developers: Kobe Mandell, and Charlie Stanier
Contact Info<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Instructor: Brian Pardo
Test
Attempting to predict the outcomes of athletic contests is a process as old as sports themselves, but up until now, most models relied on hard statistics about the players and teams involved without taking into consideration how the fans might play a part in the process. Our goal as a team was to see if utilizing data from social media, specifically Twitter, could help a neural network predict the outcomes of NFL football games. Harnessing ‘the wisdom of the crowds’ is not a new idea and has been used to help other models predict major events like stock market fluctuations and disease outbreaks, but we believe it could hold important insights into how a team will perform in a contest whether its a direct result of their fan’s support through motivation, or a proxy measure of overall performance game to game.
Our research combines two previous predictive models into one. We started with an artificial neural network specifically designed to use NFL team statistics to predict game outcomes, using the same statistics and network structure. We then used tweets from a different model to create two new features for our network; tweet rate, which was a borrowed metric from the twitter model that measured the change in total tweets about a team week to week, and crowd sentiment, our very own metric which used the average polarity (positive or negative attitude) of all fan tweets about a given team each week to create a single score.
The bulk of the overhead development came in the form of data collection and cleaning. We used the python package sportsreference to gather the NFL statistics used to create the majority of the features for our model. As for the tweets, we used the python package tweepy to pull tweets from a list of tweet IDs provided by the authors of the predictive twitter model. We then used VADER to perform the sentiment analysis. The neural network was developed and tested using pytorch lightning through Google Colab.
To test the data, we used the MIR-QBSH dataset, which was created by J Stephen Downey. This dataset had both positives and negatives for us. It was good because it was a large dataset of many normal people trying to hum melodies. This allowed us to see what would happen when someone did not quite hit the right pitch as well as tuning different parts of our code to humans humming. The negative was that the humming would not start immediately when the recording started but the ground truth midi file did. This meant that the notes of our midi representation and the ground truth representation did not line up.
When we ran our algorithm over the entire dataset we achieved 14% accuracy, but when we ran the data on individual audio files and were able to line up the audio by hand the accuracy ranged from 25-40%. Additionally when listening back to the midi files our function created, there were always errors, but the melody was always easy to distinguish. If we had more time to work on the project we could more accurately test the data by either creating our own dataset or altering the dataset that we used to have the melody begin at the beginning of the wave file for every recording.


[kaggle] Recognize the Digits
This time I am going to demostrate the kaggle 101 level competition - digit recogniser. We are asked to train a model to recogize the digit from the pixel data in this competition. The data set is available here. description of the data:
- label: the integers from 0 - 9;
- features: pixel001-pixel784, which are rolled out from 28x28 digit image;
- pixel data is ranged from 0 -255, which indicating the brightness of the pixel in grey scale;
Visualize the digit:
Let’s randomly look at 100 digit examples:
display(test[sample(28000,100),],28)
28x28 visualization[
Dimension Reduction 1:
As we are having 784 features, which are prabably too many for training. We noticed the digits are well distinguishable, so that may be managable with lower resolution, say 28x28 to 14x14, which will significantly reduces the features from 784 to 196! The idea is to find the brightest pixel (max) within the adjance 2x2 grid.
reduceDimfunction(data){
posmatrix(1:784,28,28,byrow=T)
offsetseq(1,28,2)
n=0
train.reduceddata.frame(index=1:nrow(data))
if(!is.null(data$label)) train.reduced$labeldata$label
data$labelNULL
for (i in offset){
for (j in offset){
pxas.numeric(pos[i:(i+1),j:(j+1)])
pxapply(data[,px],1,max)
indexpaste0('px',n)
n=n+1
train.reduced[index]px
}
}
train.reduced$indexNULL
return (train.reduced)
}
train.reduced=reduceDim(train)
test.reduced=reduceDim(test)
Let’s take a look at the digit images after dimension reduction.
display(test.reduced[sample(28000,100),],14)
14x14 visualization
The digit is still well recognizable!
Dimension Reduction 2:
Besides the manual dimension reduction done earlier, we have a smarter alogrithm call ‘Principle Component Analysis’ (PCA). PCA is a method to compress the data and projected to n component axis. This comression and recovery process will incur some information loss, which is expressed the variance retained. In this case, we set the variance retrained to be 90%.
library(caret)
pcapreProcess(rbind(train.reduced,test.reduced),method='pca',thresh=0.9)
train.pcapredict(pca,train.reduced)
test.pcapredict(pca,test.reduced)
##
## Call:
## preProcess.default(x = rbind(train.reduced, test.reduced), method =
## "pca", thresh = 0.9)
##
## Created from 70000 samples and 101 variables
## Pre-processing: principal component signal extraction, scaled, centered
##
## PCA needed 47 components to capture 90 percent of the variance.
With PCA implemented, we reduced the number of features to 47!
Train with Linear SVM:
For illustration purpose, we only trained 500 data points.
ctrltrainControl(method='cv',number = 10)
inTrain=sample(42000,500)
run_timesystem.time(fittrain(factor(label[inTrain])~.,data=train.pca[inTrain,],
trControl = ctrl,
method='svmLinear'))
print (fit)
## Support Vector Machines with Linear Kernel
##
## 500 samples
## 46 predictor
## 10 classes: '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'
##
## No pre-processing
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold)
##
## Summary of sample sizes: 449, 452, 449, 449, 451, 450, ...
##
## Resampling results
##
## Accuracy Kappa Accuracy SD Kappa SD
## 0.8219855 0.801539 0.03704343 0.04130649
##
## Tuning parameter 'C' was held constant at a value of 1
##
Summary:
Simple linear SVM is giving fairely good accuracy with only small part of the entire training data. Further Explore Area:
- Increase PCA threshold
- Using higher order SVM / Gaussian Kernel SVM or Neural Network/Random Forest
- Train with more data
The completed R code is available here.


location: C:/Program Files/PostgreSQL/13 set path = (C:/Program Files/PostgreSQL/13 )
for ubuntu: PATH=c:/Program Files/PostgreSQL/13 PATH
Installation Directory: C:/Program Files/PostgreSQL/13 Server Installation Directory: C:/Program Files/PostgreSQL/13 Data Directory: C:/Program Files/PostgreSQL/13/data Database Port: 5432 Database Superuser: postgres Operating System Account: NT AUTHORITY/NetworkService Database Service: postgresql-x64-13 Command Line Tools Installation Directory: C:/Program Files/PostgreSQL/13 pgAdmin4 Installation Directory: C:/Program Files/PostgreSQL/13/pgAdmin 4
Server [localhost]: Database [postgres]: Port [5432]: Username [postgres]: postgres Password for user postgres:‘password’ psql (13.1) WARNING: Console code page (437) differs from Windows code page (1252) 8-bit characters might not work correctly. See psql reference page “Notes for Windows users” for details. Type “help” for help.
postgres=#


I had tried MDMA once before this, but the dose was very small. For the six months prior to this my second attempt, I suffered from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The cause of the disorder had been eating mushrooms solo at a Halloween costume party, triggering a social phobia nightmare (
see report).
I took 50-70mg of MDMA in a very comfortable home with three of my closest friends. We sat around the living room chatting. After half an hour, the two other friends who also took MDMA had begun their journey.
I complained that nothing was happening.
Fifteen minutes later I glanced down at the clock.
When I looked up I was high as a kite. As far as I remember the subjective effects began instantly.
I did not like them. I am a rather anxious person, and the Amphetamine rush was hard on me. After about ten minutes of listening to conversation, I had worked myself into a panic. I was worried about having another episode like the one I had had six months earlier on mushrooms.
I discretely asked my friend who was not on MDMA to step into the next room with me. She comforted me, and said that in her experience the come-up on MDMA was usually a bit jittery.
For the next couple hours I told her about the horrible Halloween party and the therapy I had been having relating to it. I described for her the day-to-day panic and terror that I had lived with for half a year. I had not told anyone about the nature and extent of the problem until then. I helped her do her laundry as I talked. I could help very little and it was hard to form sentences at times.
During this conversation, I convinced myself that it was trauma causing the panic attacks I had been having for the last six months. I finally believed that I was not schizophrenic. This was a thought that my therapist and I had been working on for the previous six months.
After this short MDMA experience, I had far fewer panic attacks and the trauma disappeared. I did not feel the empathetic “roll” that I have heard so much about, but I got some very important mental work done. My world has become a much better place since this MDMA session. Now I can look into people’s faces without the dread of grotesque distortions talking back to me.
The problems that caused my mushroom experience have been with me my entire life. A ‘bad mushroom trip’ did not ruin me. I tried to explore myself, and stumbled upon some undiscovered country. Between the two experiences I have gained a lot, though it was not easy. My therapist and I believe this to be a positive experimental result for the use of MDMA in aiding the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; which apparently has been tested before.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


https://github.com/wireghoul/graudit/
GRAUDIT
Graudit is a simple script and signature sets that allows you to find potential
security flaws in source code using the GNU utility grep. It's comparable to
other static analysis applications like RATS, SWAAT and flaw-finder while
keeping the technical requirements to a minimum and being very flexible.
USAGE
Graudit supports several options and tries to follow good shell practices. For
a list of the options you can run graudit -h or see below. The simplest way to
use graudit is;
graudit <options> /path/to/scan
The following options are available:
-A scan ALL files
-B don't print banner
-c <num> number of lines of context to display, default is 2
-d <db> database to use
-h prints a short help text
-i case in-sensitive search
-l lists databases available
-L vim friendly lines
-v prints version number
-x exclude these files (comma seperated list:-x *.js,*.sql)
-z supress colors
-Z high contrast colors
DATABASES
Graudit uses extended regular expressions (POSIX) as it's signatures and comes
with several databases ready for use. You can extend the existing databases or
make your own if you require additional signatures.
* All is a combined database of all the databases listed below
* Asp offers basic auditing support for the Active Server Pages languages
* C offers support for the C programming language
* Default is aimed at finding low hanging fruit. It cointains generic rules that
should match common vulnerabilites in several languages. However, in order to
find additional vulnerabilities for a specific language you should use the
language specific databases.
* Dotnet offers basic dot net support
* Jsp basic JSP support.
* Other looks for source comments that could indicate problems
* Perl basic support for perl
* PHP tracks user input and function calls
* Python basic python support
CONTRIBUTING
If you would like to contribute to graudit, please fork the repository at github
(git@github.com:wireghoul/graudit.git) and use that. If you wish to get in contact
with me, shoot me a line on github or twitter (@wireghoul).
CREDITS
Wireghoul - http://www.justanotherhacker.com


service with us
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur.
Making a practical difference to those around us really matters to us.
One Saturday a month, instead of having a service, we’ve chosen to be doing service. We have a variety
of local projects within Waltham Forest that involve helping senior citizens, rough sleepers and the
recently resettled. And we’re always working to add new initiatives. It’s our way of trying to be
God’s hands and feet in the borough.
We’re always looking for volunteers who want to make their patch of the world a better place! Just pop
down to a Saturday worship service, and we’ll help you get involved. You can find out which weeks we
are out and about volunteering through our calendar of events section, and also via our
social.


This page shows a demo of a Chip8 emulator written in Rust and compiled to WebAssembly. The code running this demo is available on Github.
To play, just select a ROM in the menu below. The Chip8 Keypad is mapped directly to keys 0 to 9 and A to F. Feel free to raise the CPU frequency if the game seems too slow! Enjoy :)


This is diagram creation interface. Build diagram by dragging icons from palette above to white dots. To edit proprties of icon click on it.


About Me
Hi! My name is Seyr Lemos and I’m a Senior PHP backend developer for more than 14 years. I came from Brazil and I moved to Canada in 2017 (what are you doing here in this cold place? Hard question!) with my beloved wife and my beautiful daughter.
I’m a passionate person and I love what I do. I really believe that technology can help people to have a more dignified life despite the difficulties we may face in our day-a-day.
I’ve been developing projects over the years in different company’s sizes (Governments, medium/large companies, startups) using different stacks and my skills are more focus on
- PHP (Symfony, Laravel and Codeigniter frameworks)
- MySQL and PostgreSQL databases
- Redis and Memcache cache system
- AWS infrastructure (RDS, EC2, SNS)
- Integrations
- POS systems (Vexilor/NCR/DeliverPlus/Revel/VisionMax)
- Payment processors (Bambora/Moneris/PayPal/Givex)
- Delivery System (DoorDash)
- Campaign system (Sendgrid/Mailchimp)
Projects
Here I push all my personal projects and some code challenges I took over the years.
Some projects are abandoned because I didn’t have time update them or was just something sporadic.
Experience (Last 3 jobs)
Helped the company to create the whole order ahead system from scratch including loyalty program, payment and POS integrations.
Led the development of new features (order ahead, loyalty, marketing campaign) for white-label apps as well as a web version.
Milestones:
- developed order ahead, loyalty, menu, combos, store locations functionalities from scratch using RestFul API standard (jsonapi.org) to deliver data to the apps (Android and iOS) and a web portal.
- led the backend team to do full integration with major POS system brands (NCR, Vexilor and DeliverPlus) to the core system.
- implemented design patterns into the core bundle including factory, decorator, iterator.
- implemented the new framework for building dynamic any kind of offers/loyalty to be redeemed by customers. The next milestone on this project is to migrate the current monolithic system to microservices. Full-stack development using PHP Symfony 3.4, MySQL 8, Google Firebase, NGINX, Linux Ubuntu, and 3rd parties’ APIs (Bambora Payment, Moneris payment, Mailchimp, Sendgrid, Twilio, SNS Push notification)
Ministry of Justice - Brazil
Full Stack Senior Developer
Jun 2014 - Jan 2017
http://www.justica.gov.br
Helped the Department of Consumer Protection to maintain some legacy systems as well as create new platforms to improve the consumers protection.
Led the development team to maintain two legacy platforms and develop from scratch two new platforms
Milestones:
- developed and maintained a new platform from scratch using PHP Laravel framework replacing a legacy ASP-based application. apps (Android and iOS) and a web portal.
- develop a new platform for Recall Alerts System including reports, recall campaign management, notification center (message blast) to customers/citizens and partners using CodeIgniter PHP framework, SQL Server. (http://portal.mj.gov.br/recall/principal/report)
- developed and maintained a web system for Consumer Accidents (SIAC) in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Organization of American States (OAS) using PHP Laravel framework and MySQL database.
Full-stack development using PHP CodeIgniter and Laravel 5.2, MySQL 5.6 and MS SQL 2000, Microsoft environment, and 3rd parties’ APIs (OAS alert system).
Ministry of Planning, Development, And Management (Brazil)
Full Stack Senior Developer
Apr 2010 - Jun 2014
http://www.planejamento.gov.br
Helped the Department of Innovation and Technology to build and maintain an ecosystem around the concept of public software (open source code) based on the premise of software as a public right.
Member of the development team responsible for the management of the Brazilian Public Software Platform (http://softwarepublico.gov.br)
Milestones:
- responsible for the implementation of a multitenant application to support all software communities giving the ability to share, news, forums, deployment/versioning code (GitLab, Jenkins).
- managed the development team to migrate the legacy forum platform to the new platform using the Noosfero application.
- led many software communities to share the knowledge, code and best practices following the Brazilian laws as well as GPL v2 licenses.
- acted actively to build the new legislation about sharing software through the Brazilian Public Software platform as well as built the process of how to transform the application into a public software.
Full-stack development helping software communities to have their softwares developed, tested and published through the portal.
Education
Faculdade Integrada AVM (Brazil)
App mobile development and Backend Platform (Postgraduate)
Jan 2016 - Dec 2016
Course focused on project and software development based on mobile platforms.
Developed a project to give access to all Brazilian citizens to follow information about public projects related to consumer relations (products recall, health and consumer safety, problems in consumer relations) using public open databases and able to visualize all the information on the Android app.
Faculdade Michelangelo
Computer Science (B.Sc)
Jan 2002 - Dec 2004
Course focused on project and software development.
Led a project to help a group of private schools to manage the officers, principals, students and parents to have all information about the students (grades, tuitions, libraries, etc.) using a web platform.
Technical Skills
- PHP frameworks (Symfony, Laravel, and Codeigniter)
- Databases (MySQL, MS SQL, PostgreSQL)
- Web servers (NGIX, Apache)
- Linux (Ubuntu and Debian)
- Cloud (AWS)
- Versioning system (Bitbucket, Github)
- Project management (Jira, Trello).
A Little More About Me
During my free time I do voluntary work at Younge Street Mission in Toronto, ON teaching kids to develop websites using HTML5 and CSS3.
My hobby is play guitar and different musical instruments. I can play classic guitar, eletric guitar, bass, ukulele, country guitar Brazilia Guitar.
It can be funny but when I was kid my dream was to be a rock star like Iron Maiden and the only star I could make it was during the Christmas presentation at school.


This document lists the changes between stable releases.
The version numbers follow semantic versioning.
FFI C: Format C declarations in GCC plugin script.
The ffi-cdecl
module no longer formats C declarations itself. The function parse()
now returns the captured C declaration and its identifier. The conversion to a C code string with cdecl.declare()
is performed in the GCC plugin script instead. This allows overriding the formatting for specific use cases.
Run test suite with default make target.
FFI C: Add ffi-cdecl
module.
The module may be used to generate FFI C declarations in a Lua script for GCC.
The module supersedes the static template files used in previous versions.
FFI C: Reordering of type declarations is optional using table.sort
.
cdecl: Support overriding canonical type names.
FFI C: Add capture macro cdecl_typealias
.
This macro may be used to substitute standard integer types.
cdecl: Fix parsing of variable-length argument list (va_list
).
For FFI C you may instead substitute va_list
as follows:
#define __GNUC_VA_LIST
#define __gnuc_va_list void *
The above must be defined before including any header files.
FFI C: Fix declaration of empty struct.
FFI C: Fix missing __asm__
labels when compiling with -O2.
Thanks to Dennis Schridde for contributing to this release.
Fix test suite with GCC 4.6.
Fix parsing of variable-length struct types.
FFI C: output types in the order of their definition.
Capture macros may appear in arbitrary order, which facilitates generation of capture files using ctags.
Support GCC 4.5.
Thanks to Dennis Schridde for contributing to this release.
The cdecl_const
macro of ffi-cdecl.lua
supports comma operators.
This allows parsing C preprocessor constants with side effects:
#define H5F_ACC_EXCL (H5check_version(1, 8, 11), 0x0004u)
The resulting FFI C constant is defined with value 4
.


Class: ActiveExtAPI::Form
Overview
Ext Form API This class provides generic load ands submit functionnality for Ext Form to load records from ActiveRecords models.
Constant Summary
Constants inherited from Base
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
Methods inherited from Base
#call_func, #filter_unsupported_options, #get_association_items, #initialize, #random_string
Constructor Details
This class inherits a constructor from ActiveExtAPI::Base
Instance Method Details
- (Object) load(opts = {})
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 |
# File 'lib/active_ext_api/form.rb', line 8 def load(opts = {}) begin raise "An ID is required !" if !opts.has_key? :id # try to find the record for the give id id = opts.delete(:id) r = @active_record_model.find(id, opts) s = r.attributes @response.add_data (s.merge get_association_items(r, opts) ) rescue @response.success = false @response.add(:errorMessage, "#{$!}") end return @response.to_hash end |


Find the countries on a map,as fast as you can.
Name countries from memory,as many as you can.
Identify the country flags,as fast as you can.
Challenge a friend


Title
{{title}}
Department
{{department}}
Account Name
{{accountName}}
Sales Rep
{{salesRep}}
Email
{{email}}
Lead Source
{{leadSource}}
Phone
{{phone}}
Corporate Identity
{{coporateIdentity}}
Billing
{{billingAddress1}}
{{billingAddress2}}
{{billingCity}},
{{billingState}}
{{billingZip}}
Shipping
{{shippingAddress1}}
{{shippingAddress2}}
{{shippingCity}},
{{shippingState}}
{{shippingZip}}


nips nips2006 nips2006-43 nips2006-43-reference knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
Source: pdf
Author: Sridevi Parise, Max Welling
Abstract: Scoring structures of undirected graphical models by means of evaluating the marginal likelihood is very hard. The main reason is the presence of the partition function which is intractable to evaluate, let alone integrate over. We propose to approximate the marginal likelihood by employing two levels of approximation: we assume normality of the posterior (the Laplace approximation) and approximate all remaining intractable quantities using belief propagation and the linear response approximation. This results in a fast procedure for model scoring. Empirically, we ﬁnd that our procedure has about two orders of magnitude better accuracy than standard BIC methods for small datasets, but deteriorates when the size of the dataset grows. 1
[1] M.J. Beal and Z. Ghahramani. The variational bayesian EM algorithm for incomplete data: with application to scoring graphical model structures. In Bayesian Statistics, pages 453–464. Oxford University Press, 2003.
[2] P. Green and S. Richardson. Hidden markov models and disease mapping. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 97(460):1055–1070, 2002.
[3] D. Heckerman. A tutorial on learning with bayesian networks. pages 301–354, 1999.
[4] A. McCallum and D. Freitag F. Pereira. Maximum entropy Markov models for information extraction and segmentation. In Int’l Conf. on Machine Learning, pages p.591–598, San Francisco, 2000.
[5] T.S. Jaakkola M.J. Wainwright and A.S. Willsky. Tree-reweighted belief propagation algorithms and approximate ml estimation via pseudo-moment matching. In AISTATS, 2003.
[6] J. Møller, A. Pettitt, K. Berthelsen, and R. Reeves. An efﬁcient Markov chain Monte Carlo method for distributions with intractable normalisation constants. Biometrica, 93, 2006. to appear.
[7] I. Murray and Z. Ghahramani. Bayesian learning in undirected graphical models: approximate MCMC algorithms. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artiﬁcial Intelligence (UAI-04), San Francisco, CA, 2004.
[8] I. Murray, Z. Ghahramani, and D.J.C. MacKay. Mcmc for doubly-intractable distributions. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artiﬁcial Intelligence (UAI-06), Pittsburgh, PA, 2006.
[9] R.M. Neal. Annealed importance sampling. In Statistics and Computing, pages 125–139, 2001.
[10] S. Parise and M. Welling. Learning in markov random ﬁelds: An empirical study. In Proc. of the Joint Statistical Meeting – JSM2005, 2005.
[11] Y. Qi, M. Szummer, and T.P. Minka. Bayesian conditional random ﬁelds. In Artiﬁcial Intelligence and Statistics, 2005.
[12] K. Tanaka. Probabilistic inference by means of cluster variation method and linear response theory. IEICE Transactions in Information and Systems, E86-D(7):1228–1242, 2003.
[13] M. Welling and S. Parise. Bayesian random ﬁelds: The Bethe-Laplace approximation. In UAI, 2006.
[14] M. Welling and Y.W. Teh. Approximate inference in boltzmann machines. Artiﬁcial Intelligence, 143:19–50, 2003.
[15] M. Welling and Y.W. Teh. Linear response algorithms for approximate inference in graphical models. Neural Computation, 16 (1):197–221, 2004.
[16] J.S. Yedidia, W. Freeman, and Y. Weiss. Constructing free energy approximations and generalized belief propagation algorithms. Technical report, MERL, 2002. Technical Report TR-2002-35.


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Panels are the building blocks of Grafana. They allow you to visualize data in different ways. While Grafana has several types of panels already built-in, you can also build your own panel, to add support other visualizations.
For more information about panels, refer to the documentation on Panels.
In this tutorial, you'll build a simple, but complete panel that will visualize health of a service through the use of color.
To discover plugins, Grafana scans a plugin directory, the location of which depends on your operating system.
1. Create a directory called grafana-plugins
in your preferred workspace.
2. Find the plugins
property in the Grafana configuration file and set the plugins
property to the path of your grafana-plugins
directory. Refer to the Grafana configuration documentation for more information.
[paths]
plugins = "/path/to/grafana-plugins"
Restart Grafana if it's already running, to load the new configuration.
Tooling for modern web development can be tricky to wrap your head around. While you certainly can write you own webpack configuration, for this guide, you'll be using grafana-toolkit.
grafana-toolkit is a CLI application that simplifies Grafana plugin development, so that you can focus on code. The toolkit takes care of building and testing for you.
1. In the plugin directory, create a panel plugin from template using the plugin:create
command:
npx grafana-toolkit plugin:create my-plugin
2. Change directory.
cd my-plugin
3. Download necessary dependencies:
yarn install
4. Build the plugin:
yarn dev
5. Restart the Grafana server for Grafana to discover your plugin.
6. Open Grafana and go to Configuration -> Plugins. Make sure that your plugin is there.
By default, Grafana logs whenever it discovers a plugin:
INFO[01-01|12:00:00] Registering plugin logger=plugins name=my-plugin
Since Grafana 6.x, panels are ReactJS components. The simplest panel consists of a single function, the render
function, which returns the content of the panel.
Prior to Grafana 6.0, plugins were written in AngularJS. Even though we still support plugins written in AngularJS, we highly recommend that you write new plugins using ReactJS.
In this step, you'll customize how your panel looks, by editing its render
function.
For many applications, knowing whether a service is healthy is one of the first things you'd want to monitor. Let's change the render
function to return a div
with a background color. You'll use the background color of the panel to tell when the service is healthy (green), or when it's unhealthy (red).
render
function of the SimplePanel
component to return a div
with a background color.SimplePanel.tsx
render() {
const { width, height } = this.props;
return (

);
}
this.props
contains current dimensions of the panel, which you're using here to make the div
fill the whole panel.
yarn dev
to build the plugin with the new changes.To be able to see the changes you made, the next step is to add your panel to a dashboard.
Before continuing to the next step, try changing the background to a color of your choosing. Run yarn dev
again, and reload the browser to reflect the change.
Next, you'll add a switch to toggle the color of the panel using options.
Sometimes you want to offer the users of your panel to configure the behavior of your plugin. By adding a panel editor to your plugin, your panel will be able to accept user input, or options.
A panel editor is a React component that extends PureComponent<PanelEditorProps<SimpleOptions>>
. Here, SimpleOptions
is a TypeScript interface that defines the available options.
SimpleEditor.tsx
export class SimpleEditor extends PureComponent<PanelEditorProps<SimpleOptions>> {
onTextChanged = ({ target }: any) => {
this.props.onOptionsChange({ ...this.props.options, text: target.value });
};
render() {
const { options } = this.props;
return (

Display

<FormField label="Text" labelWidth={5} inputWidth={20} type="text" onChange={this.onTextChanged} value={options.text || ''} />

);
}
}
The onChange
attribute on the FormField
lets you update the panel properties. Here, onTextChanged
is a function that updates the panel properties whenever the value of the FormField
changes.
To be able to test the panel, you'll be adding a option to simulate the health of the service.
SimpleOptions
interface to include a boolean property called healthy
.defaults
to make the service unhealthy by default.types.ts
export interface SimpleOptions {
healthy: boolean;
}
export const defaults: SimpleOptions = {
healthy: false,
};
The grafana/ui
package contains a collection of useful UI components. The Switch
component lets you toggle the option between true and false.
Switch
component from the grafana/ui
package.SimpleEditor.tsx
import { Switch } from "@grafana/ui";
Switch
to the render
function.render() {
const { options } = this.props;
return (

Debug

<Switch label="Healthy" checked={options.healthy} onChange={this.onHealthyChanged} />

);
}
onHealthyChanged
callback to toggle between healthy and unhealthy whenever the user presses the switch.onHealthyChanged = ({ target }: any) => {
this.props.onOptionsChange({
...this.props.options,
healthy: !this.props.options.healthy
});
};
SimplePanel
return a different color based on the current health.SimplePanel.tsx
render() {
const { options, width, height } = this.props;
let color;
if (options.healthy) {
color = "#00ff00";
} else {
color = "#ff0000";
}
return (

);
}
yarn dev
, and reload Grafana to reflect the changes you've made. Try toggling the switch to see that the background color changes.Most panels visualize dynamic data from a Grafana data source. In this step, you'll learn how to access time series data from a data source.
You've already seen that the this.props
object provides useful data to your panel. It also contains the results from a data source query, which you can access through the data
property:
const { data } = this.props;
Next, you'll make the background color of the panel change based on the results from a data source query.
Data sources in Grafana return the results of a query in a format called data frames. A data frame is a columnar data structure, which means values are organized by fields, rather than by records.
Columnar data is a common occurrence in analytics, as it can greatly reduce the amount data read.
Here's an example of what a query result that contains a data frame can look like:
{
series: [
{
name: "My data frame",
fields: [
{
name: "Time",
type: "time",
values: [1576578517623,<PHONE_NUMBER>236,<PHONE_NUMBER>714]
},
{
name: "Value",
type: "number",
values: [0.0, 1.0, 2.0]
}
],
length: 3,
}
]
}
Let's make the background color change depending on the last value in the time series. If the value is greater than zero, the service is healthy.
SimplePanel
, set the color based on the last value in the data frame. If it's more than 0, we assume the service is healthy.SimplePanel.tsx
let color;
let values = data.series[0].fields[0].values;
let current = values.get(values.length - 1);
if (current > 0) {
color = "#00ff00";
} else {
color = "#ff0000";
}
yarn dev
, and reload Grafana to reflect the changes you've made.Congratulations, you made it to the end of this tutorial!


org.opensaml.xml.security.credential
Interfaces
Credential
CredentialContext
CredentialResolver
Classes
AbstractCredential
AbstractCredentialResolver
AbstractCriteriaFilteringCredentialResolver
BasicCredential
BasicKeyInfoGeneratorFactory
ChainingCredentialResolver
CollectionCredentialResolver
CredentialContextSet
FilesystemCredentialResolver
KeyStoreCredentialResolver
StaticCredentialResolver
Enums
UsageType


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %}
Quickly build an effective pricing table for your potential customers with this Bootstrap example. It’s built with default Bootstrap components and utilities with little customization.


| Home | Trees | Indices | Help |
|
|---|
|
|
object --+ | dict --+ | Cache2
Two-level cache implemented by two dict
s, a primary
level-1 dict
and a secondary level-2 dict
.
Newly created key-value pairs are entered into the secondary
dict
. Repeatedly gotten key-value items are elevated from
the secondadry to the primary dict
.
The secondary dict
can optionally be limited in size to
avoid excessive growth.
| Instance Methods | |||
new empty dictionary |
|
||
| True if D has a key k, else False |
|
||
|
|||
|
|||
| D[k] if k in D, else d |
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||
| v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value |
|
||
| (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a |
|
||
| None |
|
||
|
Inherited from Inherited from |
| Class Variables | |
|
Inherited from |
| Properties | |
|
dict2 Get the secondary level-2 dict .
|
|
|
limit2 Get the secondary level-2 dict size limit
(int or None ).
|
|
|
Inherited from |
| Method Details |
New Cache2, optionally limited in size.
|
|
x[y]
|
x[i]=y
|
Return the specified item's value.
|
Remove the specified item.
Note:
If key is not in the primary level-1 |
Remove the item most recently elevated into the primary level-1
Note:
Use |
Update this cache with one or more additional items.
|
| Property Details |
dict2Get the secondary level-2
|
limit2Get the secondary level-2
|
| Home | Trees | Indices | Help |
|
|---|
| Generated by Epydoc 3.0.1 on Mon Feb 6 08:22:21 2023 | http://epydoc.sourceforge.net |


CHAPTER XI
(Delivered in New York, 19th January 1896)
The flowers that we see all around us are beautiful, beautiful is the rising of the morning sun, beautiful are the variegated hues of nature. The whole universe is beautiful, and man has been enjoying it since his appearance on earth. Sublime and awe-inspiring are the mountains; the gigantic rushing rivers rolling towards the sea, the trackless deserts, the infinite ocean, the starry heavens — all these are awe-inspiring, sublime, and beautiful indeed. The whole mass of existence which we call nature has been acting on the human mind since time immemorial. It has been acting on the thought of man, and as its reaction has come out the question: What are these, whence are they? As far back as the time of the oldest portion of that most ancient human composition, the Vedas, we find the same question asked: "Whence is this? When there was neither aught nor naught, and darkness was hidden in darkness, who projected this universe? How? Who knows the secret?" And the question has come down to us at the present time. Millions of attempts have been made to answer it, yet millions of times it will have to be answered again. It is not that each answer was a failure; every answer to this question contained a part of truth, and this truth gathers strength as time rolls on. I will try to present before you the outline of the answer that I have gathered from the ancient philosophers of India; in harmony with modern knowledge.
We find that in this oldest of questions a few points had been already solved. The first is that there was a time when there was "neither aught nor naught", when this world did not exist; our mother earth with the seas and oceans, the rivers, and mountains, cities and villages human races, animals, plants, birds, and planets and luminaries, all this infinite variety of creation, had no existence. Are we sure of that? We will try to trace how this conclusion is arrived at. What does man see around him? Take a little plant. He puts a seed in the ground, and later, he finds a plant peep out, lift itself slowly above the ground, and grow and grow, till it becomes a gigantic tree. Then it dies, leaving only the seed. It completes the circle — it comes out of the seed, becomes the tree, and ends in the seed again. Look at a bird, how from the egg it springs, lives its life, and then dies, leaving other eggs, seeds of future birds. So with the animals, so with man. Everything in nature begins, as it were, from certain seeds, certain rudiments, certain fine forms, and becomes grosser and grosser, and develops, going on that way for a certain time, and then again goes back to that fine form, and subsides. The raindrop in which the beautiful sunbeam is playing was drawn in the form of vapour from the ocean, went far away into the air, and reached a region where it changed into water, and dropped down in its present form — to be converted into vapour again. So with everything in nature by which we are surrounded. We know that the huge mountains are being worked upon by glaciers and rivers, which are slowly but surely pounding them and pulverising them into sand, that drifts away into the ocean where it settles down on its bed, layer after layer, becoming hard as rocks, once more to be heaped up into mountains of a future generation. Again they will be pounded and pulverised, and thus the course goes on. From sand rise these mountains; unto sand they go.
If it be true that nature is uniform throughout, if it be true, and so far no human experience has contradicted it, that the same method under which a small grain of sand is created, works in creating the gigantic suns and stars and all this universe, if it be true that the whole of this universe is built on exactly the same plan as the atom, if it be true that the same law prevails throughout the universe, then, as it has been said in the Vedas, "Knowing one lump of clay we know the nature of all the clay that is in the universe." Take up a little plant and study its life, and we know the universe as it is. If we know one grain of sand, we understand the secret of the whole universe. Applying this course of reasoning to phenomena, we find, in the first place, that everything is almost similar at the beginning and the end. The mountain comes from the sand, and goes back to the sand; the river comes out of vapour, and goes back to vapour; plant life comes from the seed, and goes back to the seed; human life comes out of human germs, and goes back to human germs. The universe with its stars and planets has come out of a nebulous state and must go back to it. What do we learn from this? That the manifested or the grosser state is the effect, and the finer state the cause. Thousands of years ago, it was demonstrated by Kapila, the great father of all philosophy, that destruction means going back to the cause. If this table here is destroyed, it will go back to its cause, to those fine forms and particles which, combined, made this form which we call a table. If a man dies, he will go back to the elements which gave him his body; if this earth dies, it will go back to the elements which gave it form. This is what is called destruction, going back to the cause. Therefore we learn that the effect is the same as the cause, not different. It is only in another form. This glass is an effect, and it had its cause, and this cause is present in this form. A certain amount of the material called glass plus the force in the hands of the manufacturer, are the causes, the instrumental and the material, which, combined, produced this form called a glass. The force which was in the hands of the manufacturer is present in the glass as the power of adhesion, without which the particles would fall apart; and the glass material is also present. The glass is only a manifestation of these fine causes in a new shape, and if it be broken to pieces, the force which was present in the form of adhesion will go back and join its own element, and the particles of glass will remain the same until they take new forms.
Thus we find that the effect is never different from the cause. It is only that this effect is a reproduction of the cause in a grosser form. Next, we learn that all these particular forms which we call plants, animals, or men are being repeated ad infinitum, rising and falling. The seed produces the tree. The tree produces the seed, which again comes up as another tree, and so on and on; there is no end to it. Water-drops roll down the mountains into the ocean, and rise again as vapour, go back to the mountains and again come down to the ocean. So, rising and falling, the cycle goes on. So with all lives, so with all existence that we can see, feel, hear, or imagine. Everything that is within the bounds of our knowledge is proceeding in the same way, like breathing in and breathing out in the human body. Everything in creation goes on in this form, one wave rising, another falling, rising again, falling again. Each wave has its hollow, each hollow has its wave. The same law must apply to the universe taken as a whole, because of its uniformity. This universe must be resolved into its causes; the sun, moon, stars, and earth, the body and mind, and everything in this universe must return to their finer causes, disappear, be destroyed as it were. But they will live in the causes as fine forms. Out of these fine forms they will emerge again as new earths, suns, moons, and stars.
There is one fact more to learn about this rising and falling. The seed comes out of the tree; it does not immediately become a tree, but has a period of inactivity, or rather, a period of very fine unmanifested action. The seed has to work for some time beneath the soil. It breaks into pieces, degenerates as it were, and regeneration comes out of that degeneration. In the beginning, the whole of this universe has to work likewise for a period in that minute form, unseen and unmanifested, which is called chaos, and; out of that comes a new projection. The whole period of one manifestation of this universe — its going down into the finer form, remaining there for some time, and coming out again — is, in Sanskrit, called a Kalpa or a Cycle. Next comes a very important question especially for modern; times. We see that the finer forms develop slowly and slowly, and gradually becomes grosser and grosser. We have seen that the cause is the same as the effect, and the effect is only the cause in another form. Therefore this whole universe cannot be produced out of nothing. Nothing comes without a cause, and the cause is the effect in another form.
Out of what has this universe been produced then? From a preceding fine universe. Out of what has men been produced? The preceding fine form. Out of what has the tree been produced? Out of the seed; the whole of the tree was there in the seed. It comes out and becomes manifest. So, the whole of this universe has been created out of this very universe existing in a minute form. It has been made manifest now. It will go back to that minute form, and again will be made manifest. Now we find that the fine forms slowly come out and become grosser and grosser until they reach their limit, and when they reach their limit they go back further and further, becoming finer and finer again. This coming out of the fine and becoming gross, simply changing the arrangements of its parts, as it were, is what in modern times called evolution. This is very true, perfectly true; we see it in our lives. No rational man can possibly quarrel with these evolutionists. But we have to learn one thing more. We have to go one step further, and what is that? That every evolution is preceded by an involution. The seed is the father of the tree, but another tree was itself the father of the seed. The seed is the fine form out of which the big tree comes, and another big tree was the form which is involved in that seed. The whole of this universe was present in the cosmic fine universe. The little cell, which becomes afterwards the man, was simply the involved man and becomes evolved as a man. If this is clear, we have no quarrel with the evolutionists, for we see that if they admit this step, instead of their destroying religion, they will be the greatest supporters of it.
We see then, that nothing can be created out of nothing. Everything exists through eternity, and will exist through eternity. Only the movement is in succeeding waves and hollows, going back to fine forms, and coming out into gross manifestations. This involution and evolution is going on throughout the whole of nature. The whole series of evolution beginning with the lowest manifestation of life and reaching up to the highest, the most perfect man, must have been the involution of something else. The question is: The involution of what? What was involved? God. The evolutionist will tell you that your idea that it was God is wrong. Why? Because you see God is intelligent, but we find that intelligence develops much later on in the course of evolution. It is in man and the higher animals that we find intelligence, but millions of years have passed in this world before this intelligence came. This objection of the evolutionists does not hold water, as we shall see by applying our theory. The tree comes out of the seed, goes back to the seed; the beginning and the end are the same. The earth comes out of its cause and returns to it. We know that if we can find the beginning we can find the end. E converso, if we find the end we can find the beginning. If that is so, take this whole evolutionary series, from the protoplasm at one end to the perfect man at the other, and this whole series is one life. In the end we find the perfect man, so in the beginning it must have been the same. Therefore, the protoplasm was the involution of the highest intelligence. You may not see it but that involved intelligence is what is uncoiling itself until it becomes manifested in the most perfect man. That can be mathematically demonstrated. If the law of conservation of energy is true, you cannot get anything out of a machine unless you put it in there first. The amount of work that you get out of an engine is exactly the same as you have put into it in the form of water and coal, neither more nor less. The work I am doing now is just what I put into me, in the shape of air, food, and other things. It is only a question of change and manifestation. There cannot be added in the economy of this universe one particle of matter or one foot-pound of force, nor can one particle of matter or one foot-pound of force be taken out. If that be the case, what is this intelligence? If it was not present in the protoplasm, it must have come all of a sudden, something coming out of nothing, which is absurd. It, therefore, follows absolutely that the perfect man, the free man, the God-man, who has gone beyond the laws of nature, and transcended everything, who has no more to go through this process of evolution, through birth and death, that man called the "Christ-man" by the Christians, and the "Buddha-man" by the Buddhists, and the "Free" by the Yogis — that perfect man who is at one end of the chain of evolution was involved in the cell of the protoplasm, which is at the other end of the same chain.
Applying the same reason to the whole of the universe, we see that intelligence must be the Lord of creation, the cause. What is the most evolved notion that man has of this universe? It is intelligence, the adjustment of part to part, the display of intelligence, of which the ancient design theory was an attempt at expression. The beginning was, therefore, intelligence. At the beginning that intelligence becomes involved, and in the end that intelligence gets evolved. The sum total of the intelligence displayed in the universe must, therefore, be the involved universal intelligence unfolding itself. This universal intelligence is what we call God. Call it by any other name, it is absolutely certain that in the beginning there is that Infinite cosmic intelligence. This cosmic intelligence gets involved, and it manifests, evolves itself, until it becomes the perfect man, the "Christ-man," the "Buddha-man." Then it goes back to its own source. That is why all the scriptures say, "In Him we live and move and have our being." That is why all the scriptures preach that we come from God and go back to God. Do not be frightened by theological terms; if terms frighten you, you are not fit to be philosophers. This cosmic intelligence is what the theologians call God.
I have been asked many times, "Why do you use that old word, God? " Because it is the best word for our purpose; you cannot find a better word than that, because all the hopes, aspirations, and happiness of humanity have been centred in that word. It is impossible now to change the word. Words like these were first coined by great saints who realised their import and understood their meaning. But as they become current in society, ignorant people take these words, and the result is that they lose their spirit and glory. The word God has been used from time immemorial, and the idea of this cosmic intelligence, and all that is great and holy, is associated with it. Do you mean to say that because some fool says it is not all right, we should throw it away? Another man may come and say, "Take my word," and another again, "Take my word." So there will be no end to foolish words. Use the old word, only use it in the true spirit, cleanse it of superstition, and realise fully what this great ancient word means. If you understand the power of the laws of association, you will know that these words are associated with innumerable majestic and powerful ideas; they have been used and worshipped by millions of human souls and associated by them with all that is highest and best, all that is rational, all that is lovable, and all that is great and grand in human nature. And they come as suggestions of these associations, and cannot be given up. If I tried to express all these by only telling you that God created the universe, it would have conveyed no meaning to you. Yet, after all this struggle, we have come back to Him, the Ancient and Supreme One.
We now see that all the various forms of cosmic energy, such as matter, thought, force, intelligence and so forth, are simply the manifestations of that cosmic intelligence, or, as we shall call it henceforth, the Supreme Lord. Everything that you see, feel, or hear, the whole universe, is His creation, or to be a little more accurate, is His projection; or to be still more accurate, is the Lord Himself. It is He who is shining as the sun and the stars, He is the mother earth. He is the ocean Himself. He comes as gentle showers, He is the gentle air that we breathe in, and He it is who is working as force in the body. He is the speech that is uttered, He is the man who is talking. He is the audience that is here. He is the platform on which I stand, He is the light that enables me to see your faces. It is all He. He Himself is both the material and the efficient cause of this universe, and He it is that gets involved in the minute cell, and evolves at the other end and becomes God again. He it is that comes down and becomes the lowest atom, and slowly unfolding His nature, rejoins Himself. This is the mystery of the universe. "Thou art the man, Thou art the woman, Thou art the strong man walking in the pride of youth, Thou art the old man tottering on crutches, Thou art in everything. Thou art everything, O Lord." This is the only solution of the Cosmos that satisfies the human intellect. In one word, we are born of Him, we live in Him, and unto Him we return.


VIRTUOSITY A film review by Joe Clark Copyright 1996 Joe Clark
Pervertuosity with Denz 'n' Russ
You'd think the creators of a movie featuring both Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe might have starstruck fags in mind, and in the case of Virtuosity, you might be right. But prepare yourself for a slap in the face even as the drool collects in your lap.
Afrikanski-Amerikanski heartthrob unit Denzel Washington plays Parker Barnes, a murderer/ex-cop sprung from jail to track down and terminate Sid 6.7, a composite of infamous killers' personality traits created by a programmer named Lindenmeyer (Stephen Spinella, outfag actor of Angels in America fame). Sid was devised as a virtual-reality cop-training tool, but when the Sid project is threatened with shutdown after a rather nasty software bug emerges, Lindenmeyer sets Sid loose on the world with the help of nanotechnology, which turns a virtual Sid into a real one formed from glass.
Sid is the real star here-- amoral and sexy, cold-blooded and charming, murderous and fuckable. He's animated (literally) by Russell Crowe, late of The Sum of Us; Crowe's wide-ranging acting talents continue to impress, and the young Australian brilliantly imparts Sid's single-minded intelligence, savoir-faire (savoir-tuer?), and gleeful sadism. And as usual, Australians do better American accents than Americans.
Sid's a bit of a rake, too-- and since he contains a dollop of Jeffrey Dahmer, he has a way with the gents as well as the ladies. It's pretty subtle-- a peck on the cheek; a remark that Denzel Washington is on Sid's dance card; forcing a guy to strip so Sid can try on his suit-- but lighthearted and far less insidious than the rank aberrance of, say, Scott Pritchard, the deranged queer military attache in No Way Out. In a Van Damme-esque frisson of homoeroticism, Washington and Crowe are both naked in the film (though not frontally); in a shoot-'em-up movie, that's psychologically significant. (Who's the main audience for action flicks? Guys. You figure it out.)
Still, Vito Russo is surely whirling in his grave at Lindenmeyer, a stereotypical Hollywood sissy straight out of the '50s. Lindenmeyer's faggotry is never stated outright, but we know the signs: Perennially uptight in his three-piece suit, the friendless geek lives alone, talks in a "typical gay voice" (is Spinella capable of any other kind?), and jealously relishes how his creation toys with Madison Carter (played by Kelly Lynch), a female criminologist who accompanies Barnes on his quest for Sid. Oh, and he jerks off after conjuring a naked Sid in the privacy of Lindenmeyer's own lab. This, we assume, is a sign.
But getting all up in arms at yet another example of filmic homo slander takes concentration, and Virtuosity's string of cinematic references are quite enough to distract you. Early on, Denzel Washington's dishevelment and demeanour recall his role as Steve Biko in Cry Freedom. (What's more, Virtuosity's anticlimactic ending mirrors that film's structure.) At one point Washington's fingers linger over Lynch's as in Silence of the Lambs, but with the added zing of miscegenation. Virtuosity's plot, editing and soundtrack are Natural-Born Killers Lite. Saturday Night Fever is blatantly quoted in a brief but funny vignette. Madison Carter is a science-fiction reference: Edison Carter had a doppelgaenger named Max Headroom.
High-and-mighty Gitanes-smoking intellectual filmheads might dismiss those quotations as a hollow pastiche, and indeed this is not The Player, where the cavalcade of references made sense in a movie about movies. But contrary to typical Hollywood formula, Washington and Lynch don't get romantically involved, and for Washington there's no happy ending. Virtuosity is a perplexing mishmash-- creative, derivative, homoerotic, and homophobic all at once.
--
Joe Clark<EMAIL_ADDRESS><http://www.interlog.com/~joeclark>
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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{block name="left"}{include file="public/left"}{/block}
{block name="top"}{include file="public/top"}{/block} {block name="right"}{/block}
{block name="js"}{include file="public/js"}{/block}