December 19 / Version: 2.0
1. General
1.1. Service/scope
WAYA MULTI LINK TECHNOLOGY (hereinafter referred to as ‘WAYA’) is a Nigerian limited liability company headquartered in Lagoa Nigeria.
WAYA offers private customers (hereinafter referred to as ‘customers’) a mobile payment application for the iOS and Android operating systems (hereinafter referred to as the “WAYA app”) and Web based application.
The WAYA app can be used by customers as a means of payment in the area of stationary retail, at vending machines, in online shops and in apps and can thus be used with all merchants or service providers that accept WAYA as a payment method (hereinafter referred to as ‘merchants’). WAYA also offers added-value services. These include, in particular, the saving or activation of customer loyalty cards and services in the area of mobile marketing. These added-value services allow customers to receive and manage coupons, stamp cards and other campaigns in the WAYA app. Customers can likewise use these services to collect stamps and redeem loyalty rewards, discounts and credits via the WAYA app.
All personal designations apply to both genders equally.
These General Terms and Conditions (hereinafter referred to as the ‘GTCs’) govern the use of all services offered in the WAYA app. These services include all payment functions and added-value services, which are described on the website www.wayapaychat.com and in the WAYA app itself (hereinafter referred to as ‘services’). These GTCs shall be deemed to have been accepted as soon as customers register via the WAYA app and confirm with the click of the mouse that they have read and understood the GTCs.
1.2. Access to the WAYA services
The services can be used on all smartphones and general SMS/text message capable phones available on the Nigerian market, irrespective of the manufacturer, on which the WAYA app can be installed. For the WAYA app to be installed on a smartphone, it must be equipped with the iOS or Android operating system, support BLE (Bluetooth low energy) and have correctly implemented the Bluetooth protocol. The minimum required iOS or Android version can be found at www.wayapaychat.com or in the relevant app store.
Customers with a smartphone registered in their name on which the WAYA app has been installed are granted access to the services.
Technical access to the services is obtained via the Internet connection of the customer’s smartphone, which acts as a personal terminal, and a dedicated infrastructure made available by a business customer (e.g. Beacons – transmitters based on the BLE wireless standard). Certain services cannot be used in the absence of an Internet connection.
Payment and additional functions can be restricted by WAYA when used outside Nigeria on the basis of regulatory requirements.
1.3. Registration and identification
During the installation (downloading) of the WAYA app on the smartphone, customers shall be requested to enter their smartphone number. This number shall be verified for security reasons. Should customers change their mobile number, they must immediately inform WAYA of the new number.
1.4. Confidentiality
WAYA is bound by statutory confidentiality requirements. Customers shall accept that the nature of the business relationship and their master data (e.g. name, place of residence) may, where necessary, be disclosed to the payment recipient and other third parties in order to facilitate the provision of services.
Customers shall receive assurance that data relating to the content of business relationships (e.g. account and payment data) is in principle deemed confidential. However, customers shall acknowledge that the statutory duty of confidentiality may be waived in order to safeguard the legitimate interests of WAYA. This shall apply, in particular, in the following cases:
1.5. Support WAYA
WAYA shall provide customers with a help function via the WAYA app that offers technical support. WAYA can also call on third parties for the provision of this support. To enable them to perform this task, they may be granted access to relevant data.
1.6. Customer’s duties of care
When using the WAYA app, the following duties of care, in particular, must be observed:
1.7. Misuse
If the use of the WAYA app deviates significantly from normal usage patterns or if there is any indication of behaviour that is illegal or in breach of the agreement, WAYA can encourage customers to use the app or in-app messaging and social media solution in a legally and contractually compliant manner, alter the provision of the service with no compensation or prior notification, terminate the agreement without notice and with no compensation and, where necessary, demand compensation for damages and indemnification against third party claims. The same shall apply in instances in which customers provide incorrect or incomplete details upon concluding the agreement.
1.8. Liability
Should WAYA breach the agreement, it shall assume liability for any demonstrable damages suffered by the customers in question unless it can prove that no fault can be attributed to it. WAYA shall assume no liability whatsoever for slight negligence. WAYA shall provide compensation for material damages and financial losses of up to a maximum of NGN 20,000
To the extent permitted by law, WAYA shall not accept any liability for secondary damages, lost profits or data losses under any circumstances. WAYA shall likewise assume no liability for damages or losses suffered as a result of use of the WAYA app that is deemed illegal or in breach of the agreement.
Technical access to the services shall be the responsibility of the customer. WAYA shall assume no liability for the network operators (providers) and shall also not accept any liability, to the extent permitted by law, for the hardware and software required for the use of the services.
WAYA shall likewise, to the extent permitted by law, assume no liability for damages suffered by customers owing to transmission errors, force majeure, technical defects or faults (in particular due to outages suffered by WAYA Beacons or a lack of an Internet connection), illegal interference with telecommunication facilities and networks, network overloads, the deliberate blocking of electronic access by third parties, interruptions or other deficiencies.
WAYA shall endeavour to ensure the uninterrupted availability and fault-free usability of the WAYA app. WAYA cannot, however, guarantee this at all times. In particular, WAYA shall reserve the right to interrupt access to the WAYA app and/or the services offered in the app at any time should it identify heightened security risks or faults as well as for the purpose of performing maintenance work. Provided that WAYA exercises the level of care and due diligence customary in the industry, customers shall bear any losses suffered due to interruptions of this kind.
1.9. Assumption of damages
WAYA shall assume responsibility for damages pursuant to section 1.8 (liability) suffered by customers due to the unauthorised use of the WAYA app by third parties, provided the customers in question can demonstrate that they adhered to these GTCs and that no fault can be attributed to them in any other way. Any damages must be reported to WAYA immediately upon being identified. The damage notification form must be completed, signed and returned to WAYA within ten (10) days of receipt.
1.10. Electronic communication
Communication between WAYA and customers shall primarily take place via the WAYA app or SMS/text message solution. Where necessary, WAYA can also provide customers with notifications via e-mail provided they have saved a corresponding address. Customers shall be responsible for ensuring the accuracy of the provided address and shall also acknowledge that electronic communication is neither confidential nor secure. Such communication can be viewed, intercepted or amended by third parties or can be lost. If orders or instructions issued by customers via electronic channels are not explicitly confirmed by WAYA, customers must assume that they have not been received by WAYA. WAYA shall assume no liability for damages arising in connection with notifications sent to WAYA via ordinary e-mail or another electronic message transmission system.
1.11. Changes to the GTCs
WAYA can make amendments to the GTCs at any time. Any changes shall be communicated to customers in advance in an appropriate manner. Should customers not agree to the changes, they can delete the WAYA app from their smartphone and expressly declare to WAYA that they wish to cease using the services.
1.12. Reservation of statutory regulations and local legal restrictions for usage
Any statutory provisions that govern the operation and use of smartphones, the Internet and other dedicated infrastructure shall remain reserved and shall also be applicable to these services from the time that they enter into force.
The use of the services from outside Nigeria may be subject to local legal restrictions or, under certain circumstances, breach foreign legislation. The payment function shall in principle be limited to Nigerian territory and may not be utilised abroad.
Customers shall acknowledge that circumstances may arise during the term of the business relationship that may legally obligate WAYA to block assets, report the business relationship to a responsible authority or terminate the business relationship. Upon request, customers shall be obligated to provide WAYA with information that it requires to meet its statutory clarification or reporting obligations.
1.13. Intellectual property
For the duration of the agreement, customers shall receive the non-transferable, non-exclusive right to use the WAYA app. The content and scope of this right are governed by these GTCs. All intellectual property rights shall remain with WAYA or the entitled third parties. Should customers breach third party intellectual property rights and WAYA be held responsible, the customer in question shall fully indemnify WAYA.
1.14. Duration and termination
The business relationship between customers and WAYA shall be concluded for an indefinite period. Customers can delete the WAYA app at any time and both contracting parties can terminate the business relationship in writing at any point.
1.15. Customer-initiated block
Customers shall be required to submit a request to WAYA for their WAYA credit and thus access to the payment function to be blocked. Any payments initiated prior to the time that this request is made shall be deemed to have been booked and cannot be reversed.
1.16. Changes to services and blocking of access by WAYA
WAYA can amend, update or enhance the services at any time. WAYA shall also be authorised to fully or partially discontinue the operation of the WAYA app or the customer’s access to the WAYA app at any time without providing prior notification and shall likewise be entitled to restrict the WAYA app’s availability for technical or legal reasons (e.g. due to legal or regulatory requirements, upon receipt of an official order or for security reasons).
1.17. Severability clause
Should a provision of these GTCs be fully or partially invalid or ineffective, this shall not affect the validity of the other provisions. In such cases, WAYA and its customers shall undertake to replace the ineffective provision with a provision that best approximates the meaning and purpose of the original.
1.18. Applicable law and place of jurisdiction
To the extent permitted by law, all legal relationships between customers and WAYA shall be exclusively subject to Nigerian substantive law with the exclusion of the law on the conflict of laws and any international treaties. Subject to the existence of mandatory statutory provisions to the contrary, the sole place of jurisdiction for all proceeding types shall be Lagos.
2. Payment functions
2.1. No interest shall be paid on WAYA credit.
2.2. Topping up, releasing and processing of credit
WAYA credit shall be topped up by customers via the options designated for this purpose in the app or via the SMS/text message solution. Depending on the selected top-up option, use of the payment function (see section 2.4) and the topping up of credit can coincide. However, such instances shall involve two transactions, with it first always being necessary to top up the WAYA credit before making a subsequent payment. Any transaction fees or other charges associated with the topping up of credit must be borne by the customer in question.
No interest shall be paid on WAYA credit.
Customers shall only be able to make payments using WAYA credit if they have a positive balance.
In cases in which a direct debit (LSV) is set up, customers shall issue WAYA with authorisation to disclose certain data to third parties for the purpose of a credit rating check.
2.3. Reference account
For regulatory reasons, released WAYA credit must be transferred to a reference account. The reference account must be held in the name of the customer with a bank licensed in Nigeria.
2.4. Payment function
Customers can make cashless payments using their smartphone and the associated WAYA credit at appropriately equipped shop cash registers (at points of sale – POS), vending machines, online, in other apps by saving WAYA as a payment method with selected merchants and to other customers in accordance with the applicable limits.
Upon making a payment using WAYA credit, the relevant payment amount shall be deducted directly from the WAYA credit. Customers shall acknowledge all payments booked to the WAYA credit that have been executed in connection with their smartphone and in keeping with the following security levels. In the WAYA app settings, customers shall be free to choose the amounts from which payments should be made a) automatically or b) after they have provided express confirmation (“OK” button). Customers can adjust the limits proposed and saved accordingly by WAYA. Settings that have been made can be changed at any time. This does not apply to payments made with merchants for which customers have saved WAYA as a payment method and where they have issued general payment approval (irrespective of the purchase amount). In such cases, the payment is executed automatically in accordance with the process defined by the merchant in question.
In the case of P2P payments, the mobile number may also be used to find the other customer. Provided that customers have issued the relevant access approval, WAYA shall be authorised to access existing contacts in the payer’s smartphone in connection with such payments.
Upon saving WAYA as a payment method, customers shall authorise the merchant in question to debit the relevant amount directly from their WAYA credit without them being required to authorise individual charges. To save WAYA as a payment method, customers must register with the relevant merchant. Authorisation of this kind granted to a merchant can be revoked by the customer in the WAYA app at any time. Customers can only renew expired or deactivated registrations with the merchant.
2.5. Debiting of payments
Customers shall acknowledge all payments made for the purchase of goods and services that have been made from their smartphone using WAYA credit and registered as payments in the app.
2.6. Fees
The installation of the WAYA app and the use of the associated services shall in principle be free of charge for customers.
However, payments with Waya credit within the WAYA platform will be charged a fee
The topping up of credit via Nigerian bank and postal accounts will be charged a fee.
WAYA shall be authorised to charge fees for the use of other top up options, provided such options lead to WAYA incurring costs itself. Customers shall be informed in the WAYA app in a transparent and direct manner about any fees to be paid prior to making use of the fee-based top-up option. The relevant fees shall also be published at www.wayapaychat.com.
Changes to fees and the introduction of new fees shall be communicated to customers in the WAYA app. Such changes shall be deemed to have been accepted if customers do not terminate the agreement prior to the entry into force of the relevant amendment (section 1.14). Should agreements be terminated due to fee changes in accordance with this section, customers shall not be subjected to any disadvantages in terms of price.
2.7. Offsetting
Customers shall expressly agree that WAYA can offset any outstanding claims against them against their existing credit with WAYA.
2.8. Payment information
The total purchase amount, the time of the purchase and the location of the merchant (or POS) at which the payment was made shall be recorded in the WAYA system. The transactions shall be visible in the WAYA app for up to a maximum of 180 days.
3. Added-value services
3.1. Mobile marketing campaigns
3.1.1. Presentation of campaigns
WAYA may present coupons, stamps cards and other campaigns (hereinafter referred to as “campaigns”) to customers in the WAYA app where they can be seen, managed and redeemed. Here, a differentiation is made between the following campaign types:
The presentation, display, management and redemption of issuer campaigns and issuer added-value campaigns shall not require an opt-in from customers. These campaigns can thus be presented to all customers.
3.1.2. Period of validity of campaigns
The validity of campaigns shall be as displayed in the WAYA app on the smartphone or phone screen.
Certain campaigns must be activated in advance by customers in the WAYA app before the relevant offers can be redeemed. Such cases shall be noted accordingly as part of the respective campaign. Activated campaigns may be deactivated by WAYA if the associated offers are not redeemed within 10 days.
It shall be possible for customers to redeem other campaign offers without activating them in advance in the WAYA app. Many campaigns can only be redeemed upon making payments with the WAYA app.
The activation of a campaign or the receipt of a campaign offer that can be redeemed without activation shall not always mean that customers are entitled to make use of a discount or non-cash benefit, as the number of redemptions may be limited by the involved third party provider. Such cases shall be noted accordingly as part of the respective campaign.
In most cases, campaigns shall be redeemed automatically upon customers making a payment with the WAYA app without them being required to do anything. In some instances, however, customers may be required to present a campaign to the business customer in the WAYA app or enter the campaign themselves at a terminal or in an online shop. Such cases shall be noted accordingly as part of the respective campaign.
Upon the redemption of a campaign offer with a discount, the discount shall either be deducted directly from the amount to be paid or reimbursed to customers after the payment is made in the form of a cash back credit.
3.1.3. Sharing of campaigns
WAYA may provide customers with the option to forward campaigns to other individuals, to receive campaigns from other individuals or to share campaigns with other individuals.
3.2. Customer loyalty cards
Customers have the option to save or activate selected employee ID cards, customer loyalty programmes and other incentive-based offers from third party providers (hereinafter referred to as “customer loyalty cards”) in the WAYA app. Saved or activated customer loyalty cards can be removed from the WAYA app by customers at any time.
WAYA shall also be authorised to remove saved customer loyalty cards from the WAYA app if a customer loyalty card expires or the customer loyalty card in question is generally no longer available to be saved in the WAYA app.
Customers shall acknowledge that the benefits associated with the use of certain customer loyalty cards shall be presented directly in the WAYA app in the form of campaigns. Customers shall only receive such campaigns if they have provided their prior consent for the presentation of third party offers (see section 3.1.1).
3.3. Other added-value services
In addition to campaigns and customer loyalty cards, WAYA can offer other added-value services in the WAYA app at any time.
Liability for added-value services
The respective third party provider shall be responsible for contents, offers, messages from third party provider campaigns, customer loyalty cards and any other added-value services in the WAYA app.
WAYA shall have no influence on the fulfilment of services offered by third party providers. WAYA shall also accept no liability for campaigns that cannot be redeemed with third party providers or for discounts or benefits that are not granted in connection with the saving of customer loyalty cards. Such cases may include the failure to grant employee discounts or instances in which loyalty points remain outstanding, are lost or disappear.
WAYA shall endeavour to ensure the uninterrupted availability and fault-free usability of added-value services in the WAYA app. WAYA cannot, however, guarantee this at all times. In the case of an interruption in availability, one possible consequence may be that it is no longer possible to automatically redeem discounts or automatically collect loyalty points within the framework of the payment process. Provided that WAYA exercises the level of care and due diligence customary in the industry, customers shall bear any losses suffered due to interruptions of this kind.
4. Data protection
4.1. Scope
WAYA shall be subject to Nigerian data protection legislation (in particular the Federal Act on Data Protection (FADP) and the Federal Ordinance on Data Protection (FODP)) in connection with the procurement, processing and use of personal data of its customers.
WAYA attaches great importance to data protection. In this “Data protection” section, customers are provided with information on data processing and the data flows associated with the use of the WAYA app.
WAYA shall be responsible vis-à-vis customers for ensuring that data is collected and used in compliance with the relevant data protection legislation in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the “Data protection” section.
4.2. Requirements for the use of the WAYA app
To enable WAYA to process customer payments and provide added-value services, customers must save the following master data in the WAYA app upon registering: smartphone number, name, place of residence, nationality, date of birth and e-mail address.
4.3. Making payments with the WAYA app
Should a customer wish to initiate a payment via the WAYA app at a point of sale (hereinafter referred to as a “POS”) of a business customer, a connection shall be established in the WAYA system between the customer’s WAYA app and the relevant business customer.
The specific way in which the connection is established between the POS and WAYA app shall differ depending on the type of POS.
The POS informs the WAYA system what amount should be charged. The WAYA system then sends a payment request to the customer’s WAYA app. In the WAYA app settings, customers shall be free to choose the amounts from which payments should be made a) automatically, b) after they have provided express confirmation (“OK” button) or c) following the entry of the WAYA PIN (see section 2.4).
Upon the payment being approved by the customer, the specific amount shall be debited from the WAYA credit. At the time at which the amount is debited, no connection shall be established with a bank or postal account, even if customers have saved a reference account in the WAYA app.
The total purchase amount, the time of the purchase and the location of the POS at which the payment was made shall be recorded by WAYA. The WAYA system shall generate a credit in favour of the business customer and the funds shall be transferred to the business customer’s account.
WAYA shall not receive any details of the goods purchased unless the transfer of such data is governed in accordance with section 4.4.
Without the express consent of customers, WAYA shall not disclose any personal data to the involved business customers and/or third parties unless the transfer of such data is governed in accordance with section 4.4 or 4.5.
4.4. Saving of customer loyalty cards
Customers shall have the option to save or activate physical and purely digital customer loyalty cards of various business customers directly in the WAYA app. Should customers wish to do so, they must establish the necessary settings and make the required entries. Upon saving or activating a customer loyalty card in the WAYA app, customers shall be deemed to have provided their express consent to the use of the card in question. These cards shall subsequently be automatically taken into account during payment procedures performed with the WAYA app, provided this has been made technically possible by the respective customer loyalty card issuer. Customers can deactivate the use of the customer loyalty card in the WAYA app at any time.
In such cases, the payment procedure shall also be based on section 4.3.
If a customer loyalty card is saved in the WAYA app and a payment is made using the WAYA app resulting in a customer gaining a possible benefit from the use of the customer loyalty card (points, discount, etc.), the issuer of the customer loyalty card or a third party legally working on its behalf shall be provided with the same data as it would receive had the customer presented the customer loyalty card physically.
WAYA shall transmit the identification number of the customer loyalty card to the business customer or its affiliated third party and, depending on the customer loyalty card used in the specific instance, also the basic payment data, including the time stamp, amount and any discounts or points granted in connection with the use of the customer loyalty card. The use of this data by the business customer involved in the specific case shall be governed exclusively by the contractual relationship between the customer and the business customer or between the customer and the third party affiliated to the business customer. The
business customer shall be responsible for ensuring the contractually compliant handling of customer data and for obtaining the required authorisations.
4.5. Redemption of mobile marketing campaign offers
In order to allow for the automatic redemption of campaign offers for the granting of a discount or non- cash benefit, data must be exchanged between the WAYA system and the business customer.
The data transmitted shall depend on the system in which the campaign offer is redeemed and the discount or non-cash benefit is applied.
In cases in which campaign offers are redeemed in the system of the business customer, WAYA shall transmit the campaign identification number to the business customer. The business customer shall then apply any discount or non-cash benefit for the customer. Here, the business customer shall receive the same information that it would have received had the customer presented the campaign identification number (e.g. in the form of a bar code).
If campaign offers are redeemed in the WAYA system, the discount or non-cash benefit shall be applied in the WAYA system and communicated to the business customer so that it can apply the benefit in its own system (e.g. deduction of a discount).
The contractual relationship between the business customer and the customer alone shall determine whether the business customer provides further data to WAYA (e.g. information for the redemption of campaign offers that had previously been transmitted from the WAYA system to the business customer or details of purchased goods on the basis of which campaign offers can be redeemed in the WAYA system). The business customer shall be responsible for ensuring the contractually compliant handling of customer data and for obtaining the required authorisations.
4.6. Collection and use of data in order to improve the WAYA app
WAYA collects and uses data in order to provide and improve the WAYA system. These activities involve data that the WAYA app can access in accordance with the customer’s smartphone settings (e.g. receipt of BLE signals, geolocation) as well as technical data and information generated during the use of the WAYA app. WAYA shall never disclose this personal data to business customers and/or third parties without the express approval of customers in the WAYA app. Instead, it shall use this data exclusively to provide and improve its own service.
4.7. Google Firebase
WAYA shall use the Google Firebase Software Development Kit (SDK) of Google Inc. (“Google”) in the WAYA app. It shall do so in order to analyse user behaviour within the app with the objective of optimising the WAYA app on an ongoing basis and gearing its features to user requirements.
The customer shall have the option to deactivate the collection and transmission of usage data to Google at any time in the WAYA app under the settings.
The information gathered by the SDK on the use of the WAYA app, in particular
the IP address of the accessing computer (shortened so that it can no longer be assigned to the specific user)
shall be transferred to Google servers in the US and saved there. This data shall be assessed by Google in order to generate reports on the usage of the WAYA app and to allow it to provide further services related to the use of the WAYA app.
Customers acknowledge that Google shall transfer this information to third parties, provided this is required by law or if third parties are to process this data on behalf of Google. Google shall not link the IP address of the customer to other Google data under any circumstances. The IP addresses are anonymised (shortened by three characters) to ensure that they cannot be assigned to the customer.
4.8. Third party provider campaigns
Customers can expressly issue their consent (opt-in) to WAYA for third party-provider campaigns to be displayed to them in the WAYA app. This shall in turn enable them to activate and redeem such campaigns (see also section 3.1.1). In opting in, customers shall also expressly agree that WAYA can collect and analyse data for the personalised presentation of third party-provider campaign offers.
Customers can opt in or opt out either upon being explicitly asked in this regard when installing the WAYA app and/or at a later time by adjusting their settings in the WAYA app. The provision of consent by customers shall allow WAYA to send them third party-provider campaign offers that are tailored to their personal interests.
Customers shall acknowledge that third party-provider campaign offers can only be displayed and redeemed with an opt-in in the WAYA app.
Even in cases in which customers opt in, WAYA shall not disclose any personal customer data to involved business customers and/or third parties if customers have not issued their express consent to the forwarding of such data in the WAYA app (see also section 4.4 in this regard). Unless such consent is provided, involved business customers shall only receive access to anonymised data.
Customers can be provided with the option to expressly consent to the sending of personalised third party- provider campaign offers via e-mail.
4.9. Involvement of third parties
Customers shall expressly agree that WAYA may involve third parties (e.g. payment service providers) for the provision of its services and that, where necessary, customer data may be disclosed within the framework of such relationships. WAYA undertakes to select, instruct and monitor such service providers in a prudent manner.
Third parties may only use such data in accordance with the applicable privacy policy on behalf of WAYA. It shall be forbidden for third parties to use the data for their own purposes.
WAYA shall assume responsibility vis-à-vis customers for ensuring that the data is handled in compliance with the relevant data protection legislation.
4.10. Storage and deletion
Personal customer data stored by WAYA shall be deleted or anonymised if it is no longer required for the provision of services and no later than four years after the time at which it is saved.
Should the WAYA app not be used for a period of two years, WAYA shall assume that customers have deleted the WAYA app from their smartphone. In such cases, the personal data saved by WAYA shall also be deleted or anonymised.
Should customers subsequently decide not to make use of personalised campaigns (opt-out), all activated coupons, stamp cards and other campaign offers in the WAYA system shall be permanently deleted or anonymised six months after the opt-out is issued and customers shall no longer be able to take advantage of any associated discounts and benefits.
Data that must be stored for longer in order to ensure the fulfilment of legal obligations of WAYA shall not be subject to the provisions of this section 4.10. 4.11. Information and disclosure rights Should customers have any questions relating to the handling of personal data, they can contact WAYA via the following e- mail address: WAYA@WAYA.ch


Multivariate Normal Distributions
A simple explanation and example of the multivariate normal distribution.
Introduction
Multivariate distribution are used when there is correlation between your variables: i.e., the value of one variable affects the value of the other(s). I always found multivariate distributions a difficult concept to understand. One of the simplest multivariate distributions is the multivariate normal distribution, the focus of this short post. The multivariate normal distribution really clicked for me when a friend gave me a very intuitive analogy which I’ll be using throughout this post.
Imagine you want to measure two variables: your heart rate at 9:00am, and your heart rate at 9:05am in beats per minute (bpm). There is likely correlation between these two variables, i.e., your heart rate at 9:05am is probably pretty similar to your heart rate at 9:00am. You measure this data for 7 days, and you get the following data:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import plotly.graph_objects as go
from scipy.stats import norm, multivariate_normal
np.random.seed(2020)
pd.options.plotting.backend = "plotly"
df = pd.DataFrame({"9:00": [60, 70, 45, 55, 61, 57, 64],
"9:05": [62, 69, 45, 60, 62, 60, 67]})
df
| 9:00 | 9:05 | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 60 | 62 |
| 1 | 70 | 69 |
| 2 | 45 | 45 |
| 3 | 55 | 60 |
| 4 | 61 | 62 |
| 5 | 57 | 60 |
| 6 | 64 | 67 |
While we’re here let’s check the correlation in our data (we’ll use this later on):
df.corr()
| 9:00 | 9:05 | |
|---|---|---|
| 9:00 | 1.000000 | 0.965826 |
| 9:05 | 0.965826 | 1.000000 |
There’s a strong positive correlation here, indicating that the two variables do appear to be related. In the next few sections, I’ll use the above data to build up to an intuition of the multivariate normal distribution.
Univariate Normal Distribution
Let’s start by exploring the univariate (one variable) normal distribution. One thing you could do with the data above is model each variable as two independent univariate normal distributions, which are each defined by two parameters: the mean $\mu$ and the standard deviation $\sigma$. Let’s fit the two distributions now:
mu_900, std_900 = norm.fit(df['9:00'])
mu_905, std_905 = norm.fit(df['9:05'])
Now that we have two univariate distributions, let’s randomly draw 7 observations from them to simulate a week of new data:
pd.DataFrame({"9:00": norm.rvs(mu_900, std_900, size=7).astype(int),
"9:05": norm.rvs(mu_905, std_905, size=7).astype(int)})
| 9:00 | 9:05 | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 46 | 61 |
| 1 | 59 | 63 |
| 2 | 50 | 56 |
| 3 | 54 | 54 |
| 4 | 52 | 70 |
| 5 | 49 | 69 |
| 6 | 58 | 52 |
Notice anything strange? The heart rate measured at 9:00am is sometimes very different to the heart rate at 9:05am. By simulating our two variables as univariate normal distributions, there is no “sharing of information” between the variables, i.e., they are independent and don’t influence each other (although they probably should). Here are the two distributions for your reference:
x = np.linspace(40, 80, 100)
df_uvn = pd.DataFrame({"9:00": norm.pdf(x, mu_900, std_900),
"9:05": norm.pdf(x, mu_905, std_905)})
fig = df_uvn.plot(width=700, height=400, title="Univariate Normal Heart Rate Distributions")
fig.update_xaxes(title_text='Heart Rate')
fig.update_yaxes(title_text='Probability Density')
fig.update_layout(xaxis = dict(range=[0, 100], tickmode = 'linear', dtick = 20),
yaxis = dict(range=[0, 0.06], tickmode = 'linear', dtick = 0.01))
Multivariate Normal Distribution
We could more realistically model our heart rate data as a multivariate distribution, which will include the correlation between the variables we noticed earlier. I’m going to let scipy
formulate the multivariate normal distribution for me and I’ll directly draw 7 observations from it:
pd.DataFrame(multivariate_normal.rvs(df.mean(), df.cov(), size=7).astype(int),
columns=["9:00", "9:05"])
| 9:00 | 9:05 | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 57 | 56 |
| 1 | 62 | 62 |
| 2 | 55 | 57 |
| 3 | 42 | 44 |
| 4 | 59 | 60 |
| 5 | 60 | 60 |
| 6 | 71 | 70 |
Ah, much better, our simulated data is much closer to reality now than what we had previously with our univariate distributions. It’s a bit harder to plot this as we are now working in 3D (two dimensions for the variables, one for the probability density) but let’s give it a go:
x1, x2 = np.mgrid[40:80:0.25, 40:80:0.25]
z = multivariate_normal(df.mean(), df.cov()).pdf(np.dstack((x1, x2)))
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Surface(z=z)])
fig.update_xaxes(title_text='Heart Rate')
fig.update_yaxes(title_text='Probability Density')
fig.update_layout(width=700, height=700, title="Multivariate Normal Heart Rate Distribution",
scene = dict(xaxis = dict(title = '9:05am'),
yaxis = dict(title = '9:00am'),
zaxis = dict(title = 'Probability density')),
margin=dict(l=0, r=50, b=50, t=50))
Feel free to move the above plot around with your cursor. You can interpret the “height/elevation” in the plot as a probability, i.e., the higher the elevation, the more likely the values of heart rate at 9:00am/9:05am. In particular, note how if we observe a heart rate of 60 at 9:00am, the most probably value of your heart rate at 9:05am is about 62 or so. We can confirm that by looking at the cross-section of the above plot at 9:00am = 60:
fig = pd.DataFrame(z[80,:], index=x1[:,80]).plot(width=700, height=400, title="Heart Rate at 9:05am given that Heart Rate at 9:00am = 60bpm")
fig.update_xaxes(title_text='Heart Rate')
fig.update_yaxes(title_text='Probability Density')
fig.update_layout(xaxis = dict(range=[40, 80], tickmode = 'linear', dtick = 5),
showlegend=False)
Summary
I hope this short post helped give some intuition about what multivariate distributions are and why they are useful. The example above is actually a bivariate distribution (two variables), but the intuition provided extends to more than two variables - it just gets harder to plot in more dimensions so I stuck to two variables here!


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The Geuvadis project aims to bring together the knowledge and resources on medical genome sequencing at a European
level and allow researchers to develop and test new hypotheses on the genetic basis of disease; to develop standards
in sequencing data processing, storage, submission etc. The analysis of samples from the medical field, using
RNA and DNA sequencing will allow the project to set up standards in operating procedures and biological/medical
interpretation of sequence data in relation to clinical phenotypes.
Raw FASTQ and BAM files:Experiments in ArrayExpressRaw FASTQ data in ENA BAM files in ArrayExpress |
Analysis results and other data:Genotyping dataAnalysis result files (Not available until article is out) |
Other links:Geuvadis consortiumComparative charts of exon expression for european families |


Link to project
This product was a study of the effects of coffee on the body. The conclusion was that coffee is delicious.
This study calculates the time of sunrise any time of the year.
Here is a repository of important business files relating to previous work.


My understanding of this "lens" is that we should be trying to pursue things that we enjoy doing, rather than happiness itself, because if we are doing things that we enjoy then happiness will occur naturally. So I think life through the Pleasure, Passion and Purpose Lens looks like it would be fulfilling and satisfying.
One of my biggest core values is honesty, both in myself and in people I let into my life. Another important value for me is trustworthiness, again in myself and the people close to me.
Live and let live. Far too often I hear stories about people who spend their whole lives hating other people (even if they have never met them) just because they live different lives. I hope one day this will become a thing of the past.
It was certainly a different experience for me, as all of these meditation activites have been. I still feel like I am not entirely getting the full benefit of these activities and will probably keep trying some of them to see if it makes any difference.


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This page is a demo of a very basic todo list in Angular, using the Firebase Realtime DB on the backend.
{{testeo.nombre}}


Start your discord server with Ethery, a discord bot that provides moderation, music, misc, games and other commands. It will make your server glow, add Ethery Now!
Here are some features that make Ethery great!

Coming soon! Offer simple commands for your users such as "e!whois" which gives you information about the user
Listen to music with our youtube and spotify player.


Dynamic Grid
Different Heights and Gutter
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
You can see the events fired by this grid in the console of your browser.
Different Widths and No Gutter
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Filtering
Test A
Test B
Reset
A 1
B 2
A 3
B 4
B 5
A 6
B 7
A 8
Sorting
Character (Asc)
Character (Desc)
Number (Asc)
Number (Desc)
A 8
B 7
C 6
D 1
E 5
F 3
G 2
H 4


WARINIG:you will be redirect to flipkart.com after 5 sec.
or click below to redirect to flipkart.com


v0.4.0, released March 31, 2010.
Cloudera Desktop 0.4.0 is a significant update from the previous version 0.3.0. This release introduces the Cloudera Desktop SDK, a way to plug in your own applications that leverage the Cloudera Desktop environment. Another new feature is Beeswax, a front-end application for interacting with Hive. It also represents many bug fixes and a re-working of the "Job Browser" and "File Browser" applications.
NEW FEATURES
Beeswax, a UI for Hive
Beeswax is an application for managing and using Hive. It allows users to create tables, load data, and query the warehouse, all from their browser.
The Cloudera Desktop SDK
It is now possible to add your own applications into Cloudera Desktop, integrated with the windowing system and the other applications. To get started, see the SDK documentation.
File Editor
It is now possible to edit (small, text) files directly from the File Browser. This is particularly handy for editing small configuration files.
"About" Application
Reachable by clicking the Cloudera "feather" in the upper lefthand corner, the about application displays the current configuration.
IMPROVEMENTS
File Browser
The File Browser has been re-architected on top of the SDK. Changing permissions and changing file ownership is now possible. Performance on large directories is improved.
Job Browser
The Job Browser has been re-architected on top of the SDK. There have been several performance improvements in handling large jobs.
Job Designer
You may register for e-mail notifications when jobs you submit have completed.
Session Restore
Windows that were open when you last logged out are opened again automatically when you log back in.
Support for privileged ports and SSL.
You can now run Desktop on port 80, and, optionally, with SSL (see the FAQ).
Cleaner SDK Model for "JFrame"
Most requests within Cloudera Desktop are now, under the covers, simple GET and POST requests which return HTML.
SDK-Friendly Build System
The build system has been adapted to support third-party applications and dependencies gracefully.
Keyboard Shortcuts
A list of available shortcuts is available in the top right corner (click the "command" icon).
Usage without Hadoop
Cloudera Desktop will run if Hadoop is unavailable, though some applications will be limited in functionality.
Frontend Javascript Performance and Compatibility
Many improvements in windowing performance.
KEY BUG FIXES
KNOWN BUGS


Tool for independent auditors to verify document and document package hashes. Both the document and Transaction ID must be supplied by ISMS's Vendor Verifier application. The Hash produced from the document supplied is compared to a hash previously placed in a bitcoin blockchain transaction. By supplying both the Transaction ID and the Document to hash this tool will verify that the document's SHA 256 hash had been previously entered on the blockchain.
Drop file here or Click to select file


Please launch the KeyTool app on your phone, and follow the instructions to create a new key. When finished, pair the key with this wallet by using the app to scan the pairing code below.
{{inputs.backupPubKey}}


Attempts to call validFun(args), but with any Maybe instances in args unwrapped.
If any Maybe instance in args is invalid, calls invalidFun() instead.
invalidFun may return either void or the same type as validFun.
Returns:
The result of validFun/invalidFun, if any, wrapped in a Maybe.
Examples:
assert(match!(to!string, ()=>"<invalid>")(maybe(2)) == "2");
assert(match!(to!string, ()=>"<invalid>")(Maybe!int()) == "<invalid>");
assert(match!(to!string, {})(maybe(2)) == "2");
assert(match!(to!string, {})(Maybe!int()) == none);
assert(match!((x, y)=>text(x, y), {})(maybe(2), maybe(34)) == "234");
assert(match!((x, y)=>text(x, y), {})(Maybe!int(), maybe(34)) == none);
Arguments to match don't have to be Maybe instances:
assert(match!(text, {})(1, maybe(2), 3) == "123");
The order of validFun and invalidFun can be reversed:
assert(match!({}, text)(maybe('m')) == "m");
assert(match!({}, text)(Maybe!char()) == none);


Important Links
International Efforts
International Society for Autism Research (INSAR)
The INSAR was formed in 2001 and is dedicated to advance the knowledge of autism spectrum disorders. It holds an annual scientific meeting as well as publishes the society's research journal, Autism Research.
International Society of Exposure Science (ISES)
The ISES was organized in 1989 and is devoted to advancing science of exposure analysis related to environmental contamination in human populations and ecosystems. Starting from 1997, the annual meeting has been held routinely and Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (JESEE) is the official journal of ISES.
U.S. Efforts
NIMH-Autism Spectrum Disorder
The NIMH gives a brief, but essential introduction over ASD including what is ASD, who is at risk, how to live with ASD and clinical trials.
CDC-Autism Spectrum Disorder
In addition to basic information of ASD, the CDC ASD covers details of treatments, research and tracking, data and statistics et al.
CDC-Exposome and Exposomics
This page provides a broad overview on exposome and exposomics. Several exposure projects' links as well as resources are provided.
Emory Health and Exposome Research Center: Understanding Lifetime Exposures (HERCULES)
HERCULES is a granted by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE)
CHARGE was launched at 2003. It focuses on the environmental and genetic causes of autism.
Metabolomics for systems medicine
This is a lab website from clinical Metabolomics group at Emory University including resources about metabolomics as well as tools developed by the group for analyzing metabolomics data.
West Coast Metabolomics Center
The West Coast Metabolomics Center is designed to advance the metabolomics research and expand the availability of metabolomics services.
EU Efforts
EXPOsOMICS
EXPOsOMICS is an European Commission funded project. It currently focuses on the effects of water contaminates and air pollution.
HELIX
HELIX is an European Commission funded project which aims to understand how early-life environmental exposures impact child health across Europe.
HEALS
HEALS stands for health and environment-wide associations based on large population surveys.
Resources
Human Metabolome Database
Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is freely available database and composed of three types of data: chemical data, clinical data and molecular biology/biochemistry data found from the human body.
Metabolomics workbench
Metabolomics workbench is a metabolomics data repository including over 200 study summaries and over 100 studies with metadata available.
Biomonitoring California
The purpose of Biomonitoring California is to determine levels of environmental chemicals in a representative sample of Californians, establish trends in the levels of these chemicals over time.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Data source: Gene Expression Profiles of Di-n-butyl Phthalate in Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells.
National Environmental Public Health Tracking
Environmental public health tracking (EPHT) is the ongoing collection, integration, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data on environmental hazards, exposures to those hazards, and health effects that may be related to the exposures.


Extensible Code Editor
CodeMirror 6 is a rewrite of the CodeMirror code editor. The new system provides solid accessibility, touchscreen support, better content analysis, and a modern programming interface, while matching the existing code in features and performance. It is not API-compatible with the old code.
The project is at a point where the core is in good shape, most essential extensions have been implemented, and you are encouraged to try it out. It hasn't been used very widely yet and should be considered beta-quality. The interface is stabilizing but there may still be breaking changes.
Features
-
Full Parsing
The recommended way to write language integration for CodeMirror 6 involves a full parse tree, which makes code analysis easier and more powerful.
-
Accessible
This version leaves more to the browser, instead of “faking” the editing process in JavaScript. This makes it more transparent to screen readers and other accessibility tools.
-
Touchscreen Support
Using a native editable control allows you to use the editor on a phone or tablet with the platform's native selection and editing behavior.
-
Extensible
A more structured extension interface allows you to implement complicated extensions in a robust way, without the race conditions and complexity they would involve in the old system.
-
Modular
The system's core is extremely generic, and even basic features like syntax highlighting and line number gutters are implemented as extensions, allowing you to omit or replace them if you need to.
-
Fast
By carefully doing only the work that needs to be done, the library manages to be fast even with gigantic documents and ridiculously long lines.
About
CodeMirror is open source (MIT or GPL3). It is being developed on GitHub. Contributions are welcome.
The library supports browsers up from Internet Explorer 11 (with some polyfills).
Discussing the project, or asking questions, is best done on the forum. Bugs should be reported through the issue tracker. We aim to be an inclusive, welcoming community. To make that explicit, we have a code of conduct that applies to communication around the project.
Sponsors
These wonderful companies and organizations helped fund the work on CodeMirror 6.


Civil Supplies’ head gets SKOCH award
He wins for KYC and FOP projects
by Special CorrespondentPrateep V. Philip, IPS, Director General of Police, Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies CID, will receive SKOCH order of merit under two categories.
Mr. Philip presented two projects under the categories - Community Police - Friends of Police and Smart Policing – Know Your Criminal.
Two projects
The Friends of Police movement (FOP) which was started in December 1993 by Mr. Philip, was extended to the whole of State of Tamil Nadu by the then Chief Minister Jayalalithaa in 1994.
It has got national and global recognitions. Its main thrust is humanisation and socialisation of the police force.
Know Your Criminal (KYC), a concept developed by him two years ago, uses tools like Friends of Police, stakeholders, social network analysis and statistical analysis.
It focuses on 20% of most notorious PDS rice smugglers who contribute 80% of criminal activities, so that they are monitored regularly and preventive and punitive action initiated against them.
The two projects, out of 1000 nominations in all domains of governance, were recognised for the award of certificates entitled SKOCH Order of Merit and it will be presented the summit to be held on November 29 at New Delhi.


| S | stats toolbox needed | I | interactive (user input required) |
| B | bioinformatics toolbox needed | M | matlab needed (will not work in octave) |
| O | optimization toolbox needed | W | windows needed (will not work in linux) |
| X | currently broken | * | slow (two stars indicates very slow) |
| File Name | Brief Description | Page Number(s) | Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
| isingImageDenoiseDemo | Image denoising using Ising prior and Gibbs sampling or mean field | 711, 795 | |
| KLfwdReverseMixGauss | Visualize difference between KL(p,q) and KL(q,p) where p is a mix of two | 706 | |
| KLpqGauss | Plot KL(p,q) and KL(q,p) for 2d Gaussian | 706 | |
| mixGaussVbDemoFaithful | Fit a mixture of Gaussians using variational Bayes | 724, 726 | |
| sigmoidLowerBounds | 732 | ||
| unigaussVbDemo | Variational bayes for univariate Gaussian | 716 |


[Erowid Note: Asphyxiating carries a number of potential risks including brain or eye damage, concussions (from falls), and death.]
Me and some of my friends were spending time in a park and had a discussion about drugs. One of them said that he can make us trip without any drugs.
One of us stood against a tree and breathed deeply for a while and then took a very deep breath another pushed down hard on his ribcage or actually just at the place where the ribs end. This rendered the subject immediatly unconscious. Then, after about 20 seconds he was awaken by slapping on his face.
When I tried it, I didn't think it would work, but then suddenly I was in a meadow which glowed in yello and red, everything was extremely beautiful and funny. This seemed to last for ages. I must say that I have never felt such bliss ever again, although now I have tried both mushrooms and am a smoker of cannabis.
Then the voices of my friends started to appear in the distance and I started to see hazy shapes dancing far away. And then, with a shock I woke up in reality with a kind of 'What's going on? Where am I?' feeling. It felt really terrible the first seconds as I was sad to lose images I had and also my hand was a little broken as my friends had failed to catch me when I fell down. Oh yeah, and what had seemed to me like ages was actually only a little less than 30 seconds.
Allthough this sounds harmless (And we thought so as well) it actually isn't so, as a friend had the same thing done to him three times during one day and after that he could barely stand up, vomited several times in the evening and felt strangely paranoid for several days. This freaked us out and we have never tried it again.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


You have not played any games yet.
by {{game.credits}}, by {{game.credits}}, available on: {{venue | humanize}},
{{game.description}}


Link on a link above to see everyone's page for you.


A sparkline is just a tiny chart that fits in to the flow of text. We can achieve this by using a span
instead of a div
, and making the dimensions really small. They will work well for any chart with a large x:y aspect ratio, like a line chart or a bar chart but other kinds of charts probably won't work so well. We'll also use a little bit of custom CSS to hide the axes (see the source for details).


The World Wide Web was a tremendous unknown when it was created in 1989 by an English scientist named Tim Berners-Lee. The World Wide Web consisted of a very few pages with loads of text on it not worth finding , and for the lucky few to use it there was no easy way to be able to find these web pages. This would all change when Marc Andreessen, along with a few of his college friends, decided to change the internet landscape forever by creating the first graphical web browser: Mosaic Online. In the fall of 1993, Andreessen and company released Mosaic Online, which was a freely downloadable gift for all. To create awareness of Mosaic Online, Andreessen decided to make an announcement on a newsnet news group for those interested in being a part of a beta effort. From this announcement, 12 people responded and were sent the first browser. This initial group would grow rapidly as news of Mosaic Online would spread, reaching millions of people within a short timeline.
News of Mosaic Online would quickly reach Jim Clark, a Stanford professor and Co-Founder of Netscape. Clark would approach Andreessen for a business partnership to continue on the success of Mosaic Online, and the duo would soon gather a group of engineers to create Netscape. The creation of Netscape would become worrisome for major tech companies, including Microsoft.
Bill Gates, founder and CEO of Microsoft at the time, saw Netscape as a threat to their technological supremacy, since by 1993, about 90% of the world’s PCs were running Microsoft software, and Netscape were cutting into their reign. On top of this, Gates knew that at some point a small startup would come in to the tech landscape and topple Microsoft as the leader in technology/browser supremacy, which Microsoft had done years prior. On October 13th, 1994, Netscape would launch its own web browser for use: Navigator. From here, the internet landscape would change forever, as more and more people would use these web browsers in their daily lives. Navigator would soon challenge Microsoft’s software platform supremacy, and force Gates to rethink the impact the web would have on daily life, and forced Microsoft engineers to fight back.
Knowing Microsoft would soon be coming after them, Netscape would hire Gary Reback, an anti-trust lawyer, to represent them in the event Microsoft would do anything illegal. After receiving threats from Microsoft, Reback would soon alert the Department of Justice to look into the practices of Microsoft, which would spell trouble for Microsoft. Soon after, Netscape would go public, further igniting the internet boom. After some inflammatory comments from Andreessen, Microsoft set its sights on their own web browser: Internet Explorer. What would ensue would be a bitter back-and-forth between the two web browsers. Gates would use all Microsoft engineers on Internet Explorer, and would use their businessmen to ensure that all computer manufacturers would ship only Internet Explorer, and prevent installing anything but Internet Explorer. By September of 1997, Netscape would lose the browser wars, but Windows would face another threat: the U.S. government.
Gates would face a massive anti-trust lawsuit, being accused of forcing consumers to use Internet Explorer, and no other web browser. After a lengthy trial, and almost having Microsoft being split into two, Gates would pass over the CEO position to Steve Ballmer. However, the impact of these browser wars would later bring on other companies, such as Google.


Please upload a photo of a dog or human.
Browse…
Analyze


[Erowid Warning: Our understanding of the literature is that there is no such thing as safe use of volatile solvents, aerosols and other street inhalants : their psychoactive effects are inseparable from nerve and organ damage. We have chosen to include these reports to help document the real world use of inhalants, but their inclusion is not intended to imply that they are anything but dangerous.]
My first experience with freon was excellent. I tried it after an awesome night at a rave. You get the same 'wa-wa' effect as a single n2o ballon except with just a more little potency. I soon found myself emptying whole airconditioning systems in a single evening. The most difficult problem I had was getting the dose right, too much and you just black out (stitches in the head suck, had my share), not enough and you get the 'wa-wa's'. Somewhere in the middle was an excellent hallucent plain. I found the best was with my eyes closed. I could see the surroundings around me..walls, cars, cardboard-boxes, ect., but with an amazing brilliant color coating (much better than any acid trip I've had) like the background from a Grateful Dead poster.
I had many 'friends' visit during my 30-60 second highs. Voices and faces would come in and go. The other bad part was the occasional (every 2-3 days or evenings) vomiting. This is caused from the oil and other impurities not found in n2o) I was usually too high to care, I have a weak stomach anyhow (more than 3-4 beers an hour makes me sick).
I did find myself addicted for a couple of months, although it was mostly a mental addiction not physical. I was a junky, if you can become one off of freon. I was spending 75% of my free time huffing on any A/C that wasn't in plain sight of a street. Mostly at schools or churches that i knew no one would be at in the middle of the night or Saturday afternoon. I eventually did get caught by the police (simple tresspassing and destruction of property, no charges pressed, the cops didn't really know what to do with me), I was making too much noise behind a business that backs up to a neighborhood.
The reasons I choose freon was of it's accessibility (every car, home, refrigerator, trailer has some, you just have to have a pair of pliars and a drinking straw or ink pen), it's duration (all motor skills return in 5-15 minutes, vs. alcohol 2-6 hours), and it doesn't come out in blood or urine tests.
Some suggestions: don't do it at a location that you frequent (your house or car), freon is expencive to replace. Second do it with a friend in case you black out so they can keep an eye on you. Third sit down, I had stitches in the back and top of my head twice. I have since turned 21 and can get alcohol for myself or find acid, although i still enjoy the occational 'binger'.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


ROUND
returns a date rounded to the unit specified by the date format.
DATE
ROUND(date [, fmt ])
date
is an expression that identifies a date and time.
fmt
is a text literal with a date format, as described in the Oracle Database SQL Language Reference.
ROUND(SYSDATE, 'YEAR')
returns the value 01-JAN-07
for any day in the last half of 2006.
ROUND(TO_DATE('13-OCT-06'), 'MONTH')
returns the value 01-OCT-06
.


This a picture of a sunset in the mountains of Utah.
This is a picture that I took when I was brewing an IPA. I'm transferring the beer from the primary fermentor to a secondary vessel to let the beer condition.


We are so excited that you want to teach!
The first step is to fill out this registration form
Your Info
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(start with https://)
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(only numbers)
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About the class
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{%for subject in subjects %}
{{subject}}
{%endfor%}
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($)
Available Times
+ New Time
Weekday
Select an option
{%for weekday in weekdays %}
{{weekday}}
{%endfor%}
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To


Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 (2008)
- UCHIYAMA Mitsuru,
A new majorization between functions, polynomials, and operator inequalities II
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 291-310 (2008);
- YONEZAWA Yoshimi,
The Turing degrees for some computation model with the real parameter
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 311-324 (2008);
- CHEN Daguang, CHENG Qing-Ming,
Extrinsic estimates for eigenvalues of the Laplace operator
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 325-339 (2008);
- LANTERI Antonio, NOVELLI Carla,
Varieties of small degree with respect to codimension and ample vector bundles
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 341-361 (2008);
- DRAGOMIR Sorin,
Minimality in CR geometry and the CR Yamabe problem on CR manifolds with boundary
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 363-396 (2008);
- ROUSSEAU Cédric,
DÃÂ©formations de rÃÂ©seaux dans certains groupes rÃÂ©solubles
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 397-421 (2008);
- XIE Guangming, MARUBAYASHI Hidetoshi,
A classification of graded extensions in a skew Laurent polynomial ring
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 423-443 (2008);
- FICHOU Goulwen,
Blow-Nash types of simple singularities
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 445-470 (2008);
- ATSUJI Atsushi,
A second main theorem of Nevanlinna theory for meromorphic functions on complete KÃÂ¤hler manifolds
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 471-493 (2008);
- KURODA Shigeru,
A generalization of the Shestakov-Umirbaev inequality
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 495-510 (2008);
- BAGARELLO Fabio, FRAGOULOPOULOU Maria, INOUE Atsushi, TRAPANI Camillo,
Structure of locally convex quasi $C^*$ -algebras
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 511-549 (2008);
- KAWAKUBO Satoshi,
Kirchhoff elastic rods in three-dimensional space forms
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 551-582 (2008);
- MIZUTA Yoshihiro, SHIMOMURA Tetsu,
Sobolev embeddings for Riesz potentials of functions in Morrey spaces of variable exponent
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 583-602 (2008);
- TAHARA Hidetoshi, YAMANE Hideshi,
Logarithmic singularities of solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 603-630 (2008);
- HAYASHI Nakao, NAUMKIN Pavel I.,
Asymptotic properties of solutions to dispersive equation of SchrÃÂ¶dinger type
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 631-652 (2008);
- KAJITANI Kunihiko,
Scattering for one dimensional perturbed Kirchhoff equations
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 665-693 (2008);
- EPHREMIDZE Lasha, FUJII Nobuhiko,
On the uniqueness of the one-sided maximal functions of Borel measures
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 695-717 (2008);
- ISHII Atsushi,
The skein index for link invariants
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 719-740 (2008);
- GUTEV Valentin,
Orderability in the presence of local compactness
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 741-766 (2008);
- MARUYAMA Ken-ichi, ŌSHIMA Hideaki,
Homotopy groups of the spaces of self-maps of Lie groups
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 767-792 (2008);
- DIJKSTRA Jan J., VAN MILL Jan, VALKENBURG Kirsten I. S.,
On nonseparable ErdÃÂ¶s spaces
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 793-818 (2008);
- KAWAMOTO Fuminori, TOMITA Koshi,
Continued fractions and certain real quadratic fields of minimal type
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 865-903 (2008);
- MORIYAMA Takayuki,
Asymptotically holomorphic embeddings of presymplectic manifolds
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 905-933 (2008);
- USUBA Toshimichi,
Ineffability of $\mathscr{P}_\kappa \lambda$ for $\lambda$ with small cofinality
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 935-954 (2008);
- DE CRISENOY Marc, ESSOUABRI Driss,
Relations between values at $T$ -tuples of negative integers of twisted multivariable zeta series associated to polynomials of several variables
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1-16 (2008);
- KEMP Michael,
Geometric Seifert 4-manifolds with hyperbolic bases
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 17-49 (2008);
- VÎLCU Costin,
Common maxima of distance functions on orientable Alexandrov surfaces
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 51-64 (2008);
- KOWATA Atsutaka, MORIWAKI Masayasu,
Fourier-Borel transformation on the hypersurface of any reduced polynomial
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 65-73 (2008);
- SHIOZAWA Yuichi,
Exponential growth of the numbers of particles for branching symmetric $\alpha$ -stable processes
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 75-116 (2008);
- TAKAMURA Masashi,
The relative cohomology of formal contact vector fields with respect to formal Poisson vector fields
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 117-125 (2008);
- KIKUCHI Koji,
Linear approximation for equations of motion of vibrating membrane with one parameter
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 127-169 (2008);
- BARJA Miguel Ángel, STOPPINO Lidia,
Linear stability of projected canonical curves with applications to the slope of fibred surfaces
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 171-192 (2008);
- KUBIŚ Wiesław, SAKAI Katsuro,
Hausdorff hyperspaces of $\mathbf{R}^{m}$ and their dense subspaces
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 193-217 (2008);
- HASHIMOTO Masahiro, KANEMITSU Shigeru, TODA Masayuki,
On GaussÃ¢ÂÂ formula for $\psi$ and finite expressions for the $L$ -series at 1
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 219-236 (2008);
- YOSHINO Masafumi, SHIRAI Akira,
Singular solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations with resonances
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 237-263 (2008);
- HONG Ying-Ji,
Stability and existence of critical Kaehler metrics on ruled manifolds
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 265-290 (2008);
- NODA Takahiro,
A special Lagrangian fibration in the Taub-NUT space
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 653-663 (2008);
- CICOGNANI Massimo, HIROSAWA Fumihiko, REISSIG Michael,
The Log-effect for p-evolution type models
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 819-863 (2008);
- LEE Soo Teck, NISHIYAMA Kyo, WACHI Akihito,
Intersection of harmonics and Capelli identities for symmetric pairs
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 955-982 (2008);
- AHARA Kazushi, AWATA Ikuko,
Subordinate fibers of Takamura splitting families for stellar singular fibers
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 983-1007 (2008);
- MATSUTANI Shigeki, PREVIATO Emma,
Jacobi inversion on strata of the Jacobian of the $C_{rs}$
curve $y^r = f(x)$
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1009-1044 (2008);
- GOTO Shiro, HAYASAKA Futoshi, TAKAHASHI Ryo,
On vanishing of certain Ext modules
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1045-1064 (2008);
- PHAM Tien Son,
On the topology of the Newton boundary at infinity
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1065-1081 (2008);
- SHIODA Tetsuji,
K3 surfaces and sphere packings
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1083-1105 (2008);
- KAI Chifune,
A characterization of symmetric cones by an order-reversing property of the pseudoinverse maps
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1107-1134 (2008);
- KATAYAMA Soichiro, KUBO Hideo,
An alternative proof of global existence for nonlinear wave equations in an exterior domain
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1135-1170 (2008);
- MATUI Hiroki,
An absorption theorem for minimal AF equivalence relations on Cantor sets
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1171-1185 (2008);
- HORA Akihito, HIRAI Takeshi, HIRAI Etsuko,
Limits of characters of wreath products
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1187-1217 (2008);
- KHLUDNEV Alexander M., KOVTUNENKO Victor A., TANI Atusi,
Evolution of a crack with kink and non-penetration
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1219-1253 (2008);
- MIYACHI Hideki,
Image of asymptotic Bers map
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 60 pp. 1255-1276 (2008);


Bases: object
Firewall Driver base class.
Defines methods that any driver providing security groups and provider fireall functionality should implement.
Apply instance filter.
Once this method returns, the instance should be firewalled appropriately. This method should as far as possible be a no-op. It’s vastly preferred to get everything set up in prepare_instance_filter.
Turn off deferral of IPTables rules and apply the rules now
Defer application of IPTables rules
Check nova-instance-instance-xxx exists
Prepare filters for the instance. At this point, the instance isn’t running yet.
Refresh security group rules from data store
Gets called when an instance gets added to or removed from the security group the instance is a member of or if the group gains or looses a rule.
Refresh common rules for all hosts/instances from data store.
Gets called when a rule has been added to or removed from the list of rules (via admin api).
Refresh security group members from data store
Gets called when an instance gets added to or removed from the security group.
Refresh security group rules from data store
Gets called when a rule has been added to or removed from the security group.
Create rules to block spoofing and allow dhcp.
This gets called when spawning an instance, before prepare_instance_filter().
Stop filtering instance
Bases: nova.virt.firewall.FirewallDriver
Driver which enforces security groups through iptables rules.
No-op. Everything is done in prepare_instance_filter.
See FirewallDriver docs.
Bases: object
Firewall driver which just provides No-op methods.


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Quintet
Add field
Field settings
Form
Generic Fields
Heading
Info
Simple field
Large field
Date
Single Choice list
Multiple Choice list
Option
Person Fields
Full name
Email
Advanced Widgets
Section
Test


Uses of Interface
io.papermc.paper.math.Rotations
Package
Description
Interfaces for non-voxel objects that can exist in a
world
, including all players, monsters, projectiles, etc.-
Uses of Rotations in io.papermc.paper.math
Modifier and TypeFieldDescriptionstatic final Rotations
Rotations.ZERO
Rotations instance with every axis set to 0Modifier and TypeMethodDescriptionRotations.add
(double x, double y, double z) Returns a new Rotations instance which is the result of adding the x, y, z components to this RotationsRotations.ofDegrees
(double x, double y, double z) Creates a new Rotations instance holding the provided rotationsRotations.subtract
(double x, double y, double z) Returns a new Rotations instance which is the result of subtracting the x, y, z components from this RotationsRotations.withX
(double x) Returns a new Rotations instance which is the result of changing the X axis to the passed angleRotations.withY
(double y) Returns a new Rotations instance which is the result of changing the Y axis to the passed angleRotations.withZ
(double z) Returns a new Rotations instance which is the result of changing the Z axis to the passed angle -
Uses of Rotations in org.bukkit.entity
Modifier and TypeMethodDescriptionArmorStand.getBodyRotations()
Returns the ArmorStand's body rotations asRotations
.ArmorStand.getHeadRotations()
Returns the ArmorStand's head rotations asRotations
.ArmorStand.getLeftArmRotations()
Returns the ArmorStand's left arm rotations asRotations
.ArmorStand.getLeftLegRotations()
Returns the ArmorStand's left leg rotations asRotations
.ArmorStand.getRightArmRotations()
Returns the ArmorStand's right arm rotations asRotations
.ArmorStand.getRightLegRotations()
Returns the ArmorStand's right leg rotations asRotations
.Modifier and TypeMethodDescriptionvoid
ArmorStand.setBodyRotations
(Rotations rotations) Sets the ArmorStand's body rotations asRotations
.void
ArmorStand.setHeadRotations
(Rotations rotations) Sets the ArmorStand's head rotations asRotations
.void
ArmorStand.setLeftArmRotations
(Rotations rotations) Sets the ArmorStand's left arm rotations asRotations
.void
ArmorStand.setLeftLegRotations
(Rotations rotations) Sets the ArmorStand's left leg rotations asRotations
.void
ArmorStand.setRightArmRotations
(Rotations rotations) Sets the ArmorStand's right arm rotations asRotations
.void
ArmorStand.setRightLegRotations
(Rotations rotations) Sets the ArmorStand's right leg rotations asRotations
.


In Bubble Sort, we make a series of swaps between adjacent elements, gradually moving larger elements towards the end of the array (or bubbling larger elements up).
Bubble Sort is not ideal for many real-world applications. If a small element that should be at the beginning of our array is originally located near the end, it will take a long time to move it into its correct position.
However, it should be noted that if you perform Bubble Sort on an array that’s already sorted, it will only require a single pass through the array, making its best-case performance linear. It’s also very simple to implement.
Selection Sort is an algorithm that many of you have probably used before when sorting things in your everyday lives. Imagine that you have several books you want to arrange on a shelf from shortest to tallest. You start off by looking for the shortest book, and when you find it, put it on the far left side of the shelf. Then, you look for the second shortest book and insert it directly to the right of the first book. You repeat this process, selecting the next shortest book and moving it next to the most recently placed book, until you have moved all books into the correct place. This is Selection Sort.
An example of this algorithm being applied to an array with 10 numerical elements can be seen in the video below.
(VIDEO) Select-sort with Gypsy folk dance
Start with current index = 0
For all indices EXCEPT the last index:
Loop through elements on right-hand-side of current index and find the smallest element
Swap the element at current index with the smallest element found in above loop
While Selection Sort is one of the easier sorting algorithms to understand and implement, it has one major drawback - its efficiency.
Recall that the runtime complexity of an algorithm, often expressed using Big O notation, tells us how the amount of operations our algorithm requires will grow as the size of our input grows. Selection Sort has a runtime of O(n²), making it impractical to use with many large, real-world data sets.


The Grizzly release cycle saw sweeping improvements to overall user experience, huge stability improvements, lots of new networking, instance management and image management features, a long-needed architectural clarification, and big increases in community engagement! Read on to get the specifics.
Quantum added a huge number of new features in Grizzly, including L3 support (routers), load balancers, network topology infographics, better compatibility with Nova networking APIs (VNIC ordering when launching an instance; security groups and floating IP integration) and vastly improved informational displays.
It is now possible (though there are numerous deployment/security implications) to upload an image file directly from a user’s hard disk to Glance through Horizon. For multi-GB images it is still strongly recommended that the upload be done using the Glance CLI. Further improvements to this feature will come in future releases.
In Folsom, Nova added support for “extra specs” on flavors–additional metadata which custom schedulers could use for appropriately scheduling instances. As of the Grizzly release, Horizon now supports reading and writing that data on any flavor.
Administrators now have the ability to migrate an instance off of its current host via the Admin dashboard’s Instances panel.
A shocking number of the problems first-time deployers of OpenStack have can be summarized as “I thought I set everything up, then I tried to log into the dashboard and I was immediately logged back out.” The root cause of this was that in an effort to be as secure as possible any 401 or 403 response from any service API was being treated the same as if it was an attempt to access an unauthorized portion of Horizon, and the user was summarily logged out with little to no information as to why.
In Grizzly we have instead chosen to improve this by treating service API 401 and 403 errors as slightly less severe than unauthorized access attempts to restricted areas of Horizon. The reason for this is threefold:
Going forward the user will not be logged out, but no information will be populated on the page and they will be presented with error messages informing them that they are unauthorized for the data they attempted to access.
A couple of long-standing user confusions were fixed in Grizzly.
First off, the API Access panel (containing a user’s API endpoints, rc files, and EC2 credentials) was moved from Settings to the Access & Security section of the Project dashboard.
Second, the Default Quotas and Services panels (which were both strictly informational) were combined into tabs in a single System Info panel to make it clear that these panels are thematically related, and to create a home for informational-only displays like these.
A common complaint from users was that associating a floating IP to an instance involved numerous clicks and form selections for something that the majority of users had no knowledge of and didn’t care about. As such, a one-click “simple” floating IP association option has been created. For deployments which only have a single floating IP pool, this allows users to ignore explicit floating IP management and just click a button to associate or disassociate a floating IP with an instance.
The Images table now has a new feature: predefined filters for seeing your own images, images that have been shared with you, or public images. This makes finding the image you’re looking for a great deal easier and more pleasant.
The security group rule editing experience has always been inherently very complicated simply given the number of options and the very technical terms involved. Moreover, the combined table-plus-form approach the OpenStack Dashboard had taken only made the UX more frustrating for an already difficult area.
In Grizzly this has all been reworked to be significantly simpler, and to provide as much contextual help and streamlining as possible.
In an effort to make the dashboard more at-a-glance usable, we’ve added icons to most of the common action buttons throughout the dashboard.
Lots of feedback came in that the “more actions” dropdown menu (for tables with numerous actions available on each row) was confusing to new users and/or difficult to click.
We’ve now improved it so that the button to open the menu is clearly labeled and the hitbox for clicking it is significantly larger.
Large amounts of new documentation was added during the Grizzly cycle, most notably are sections documenting: all of the available settings for Horizon and the OpenStack Dashboard; security and deployment considerations; and deeper guides on customizing the OpenStack Dashboard.
During the Grizzly cycle we started holding a weekly project meeting on IRC. This has been extremely beneficial for the growth and progress of the project. Check out the OpenStack Meetings wiki page for specifics.
Very early in the Grizzly cycle we took the opportunity to do some longstanding cleanup and refactoring work. The “nova” dashboard was renamed to “project” and the “syspanel” dashboard was renamed to “admin” to better reflect their respective purposes.
Moreover, a better separation was created between code related to the core Horizon framework code (which is not related to OpenStack specifically) and the OpenStack Dashboard code. At this point all code related to OpenStack lives in the OpenStack Dashboard directory, while the Horizon framework is completely agnostic and is a reusable Django app.
When Horizon’s object storage interface was first added, Swift’s documentation recommended adding 0-byte objects with a special content type to denote pseudo-folders within a container. They have since decided that this is not the recommended practice, and that pseudo-folders should only be demarcated by a delimiting character (usually “/”) in the object name.
Horizon has been updated under the hood to use this method, which should bring it better into line with how most deployments are using their object storage.
Due to the way that Nova handles flavor editing/replacement it is necessary to delete the old flavor before creating the replacement flavor. As such, if an API error occurs while creating the replacement it is possible to lose the old flavor without the new one being created.
Due to several Quantum features landing very late in the Grizzly cycle, it is not possible to create particularly complex networking configurations through the OpenStack Dashboard. These features will continue to grow throughout future releases.
The Loadbalancer feature landed in the 11th hour for both Quantum and Horizon and, though we did our best to test it, may still contain undiscovered bugs. It is best considered a “beta” or “experimental” feature for the Grizzly release.
The Brocade plugin for Quantum does not support key features of the floating IP addresses API which are considered central to Horizon’s functionality. As such, it is not compatible with the Grizzly release’s Quantum integration.
Using the “select all” checkbox to delete large numbers of resources via the API can cause network timeouts (depending on configuration). This is due to the APIs not supporting bulk-deletion natively, and consequently Horizon has to send requests to delete each resource individually behind the scenes.
The Grizzly Horizon release should be fully compatible with both Grizzly and Folsom versions of the rest of the OpenStack core projects (Nova, Swift, etc.). While some features work significantly better with an all-Grizzly stack due to bugfixes, etc. in underlying services, there should not be limitations on what will or will not function.
Overall, great effort has been made to maintain compatibility for third-party developers who may have built on Horizon so far.


Feb 18: Presidents' Day
Apr 21: Patriots' Day
May 26: Memorial Day
July 4: Independence Day
Sep 1: Labor Day
Oct 13: Columbus Day
Nov 11: Veteran's Day
Nov 27: Thanksgiving
Nov 28: Day after Thanksgiving
Dec 25: Christmas
For information regarding religious holidays, see the Registrar's Religious Observances page.


Enter First Name:
Enter Last Name:
Name:
{{student.fullName()}}
Subject:
Name
Marks
{{subject.name}}
{{subject.marks}}


Hello my name is Rebecca Contreras and I am a graphic designer.
I am currently a senior at Cal State East Bay University and by December 2019
I will have a Bachelor's Degree in graphic design. I have worked on projects
that have allowed me to build my skills in programs such as Illustrator, Photoshop,
and InDesign. I also love doing black and white photography.


| Build version | Action |
|---|---|
| {{buildData}} |
| BuildVersion | {{buildDetail.BuildVersion}} |
| BuildType | {{buildDetail.BuildType}} |
| Description | {{buildDetail.Description}} |
| TestType | {{buildDetail.TestType}} |
| TestDate | {{buildDetail.TestDate}} |
| TestUnits | {{buildDetail.TestUnits}} |
| TestDetails | {{buildDetail.TestDetails}} |
| Bug | {{buildDetail.Bug}} |


If you use the Concordion's Example Command this will append all cards added to the storyboard while the example is being executed to the example element.
Behaviour:
setAddCardsToExample(true)
method on the extension
 Card 1

When this snippet is run with this fixture, this results in a new section being added to the Example and the section is collapsed.

 Failure

When this snippet is run with this fixture, this results in a new section being added to the Example and the section is collapsed and the section title getting a failure status.


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The 6 signals of the load connector are interpreted as the x-, y- and z-coordinates of a force and as the x-, y-, and z-coordinates of a torque acting at the frame connector to which this component is attached. If connector frame_resolve is not connected, the force and torque coordinates are with respect to frame_b. If connector frame_resolve is connected, the force and torque coordinates are with respect to frame_resolve. In this case the force and torque in connector frame_resolve are set to zero, i.e., this connector is solely used to provide the information of the coordinate system, in which the force coordinates are defined. The input signals are mapped to the force and torque in the following way:
force = load[1:3] torque = load[4:6]
The force and torque are by default visualized as an arrow (force) and as a double arrow (torque) acting at the connector to which they are connected. The diameters and colors of the arrows are fixed and can be defined via parameters forceDiameter, torqueDiameter, forceColor and torqueColor. The arrows point in the directions defined by the inPort.signal signals. The lengths of the arrows are proportional to the length of the force and torque vectors, respectively, using parameters N_to_m and Nm_to_m as scaling factors. For example, if N_to_m = 100 N/m, then a force of 350 N is displayed as an arrow of length 3.5 m.
An example how to use this model is given in the following figure:
This leads to the following animation