Here we see that the logical block takes a range of integers and groups them by their modulus(3) value, then applies a key to the output values. In one of our challenges I was struggling to distribute an array of students into a pre-determined number of teams (keys). At the time I hadn't understood what Enumerables were, and used quite a bit of code to: 1) write the keys (team numbers), 2) shuffle the student name-list(array) 3) inject each name into a key 4) advance the key 5) inject the next name from the list.... and so on and so on.
In this example, using an Array method such as Array#each_with_index
wouldn't work, because the array I was dealing with was an array of students - a list I didn't want to become the keys but rather the values. This proved to be a coding challenge, because Array#each_with_index
didn't like my attempt to loop a key back around to 1 (after 4 teams had one student each) and inject a second value. With the Enum#group_by class, I don't need to worry. I can simply shuffle my student list, and group them up with relatively even distribution using a modulus:
(num_of_teams).group_by {|i| i%number_of_people_desired_on_team
}
The added benefit of the Enumerable class is that, without writing a bunch of scaffolding logic, we can execute loops between, say, two arrays, without concern for the length of those arrays - our code will execute and close out cleanly when the Ennumerating objects end. Extremely useful when trying to merge a large number of arrays into one large dataset, for example:
`` shortenum = [1, 2, 3].toenum longenum = [a..z].toenum
loop{puts "#shortenum.next" = "#longenum.next"} ``
What I mean by "cleanly" in this case, is the output that stops when short_enum runs out of objects:
1 = a
2 = b
3 = c
Very handy. We won't have rolling over of short_enum
, nor will we have run-on of long_enum
.


Hi
What's the minimal setting I need to read AC current to Arduino or Raspberry?
Archived Forum |
|
minimal settingSubmitted by rsegoly on Sat, 21/03/2015 - 10:54Hi What's the minimal setting I need to read AC current to Arduino or Raspberry?
» |
Re: minimal setting
Please explain some more. Or you can look at Building Blocks > Electricity Monitoring > Non-invasive current measurement.
Re: minimal setting
I'll explain more
I deal mainly with energy saving and schools
I have systems I use with sensors (Arduino and Raspberry), I want to add current management
Its mainly being to be to able measure current drawn by lamp (Led Vs others). So what I need is the ability to measure and get the measurement to my Arduino or Raspberry
The voltage is 220
I want to avoid all calibration as described in the link you sent, so if there a ready to use module it will be helpful but I need the minimal setup / cost
Re: minimal setting
There is no ready-to-use module available in the shop that will be suitable for measuring a current as small as that drawn by a single LED lamp.
Our emonTx design, or a similar design implemented with an Arduino, is designed primarily for whole-house use. So it would be eminently suitable for monitoring the energy consumption of the whole school, but not one lamp. For that, you could use the emonTx module (or your own signal-conditioning front end as described in Building Blocks with an Arduino board) to which you could add a serial output, but would need to use a different current transformer to the one in the shop, you would probably need to change a few components to suit; and then you would need to alter a sketch to change the calibration.
I am struggling to understand what you mean by "sensors (Arduino and Raspberry)". To me, the sensor you need is a current transformer, the Arduino or Raspberry are processors that handle the computations. The RPi does not have an analogue input (though add-on boards are available) but the Arduino (on which the emonTx is based) does, so that makes it a natural front-end for converting the CT output into numbers on a serial link that the RPi can handle.
Without knowing the powers/currents involved, I can't recommend specific components.


df_groups = df.groupby("qanta_id")
worker = partial(process_question, questions, vector_converter)
dataset = pool.map(worker, df.items())
return dataset
worker = partial(process_question, questions, vector_converter)
dataset = pool.map(worker, df_groups)
with open(dataset_dir.format(fold), "wb") as f:
return pickle.dump(dataset, f)
return dataset
def convert_seq(batch, device=None):


Example
The reverse of Example Examples using MPI_GATHER, MPI_GATHERV . Scatter sets of 100 ints from the root to each process in the group. See figure 8 .
MPI_Comm comm; int gsize,*sendbuf; int root, rbuf[100]; ... MPI_Comm_size( comm, &gsize); sendbuf = (int *)malloc(gsize*100*sizeof(int)); ... MPI_Scatter( sendbuf, 100, MPI_INT, rbuf, 100, MPI_INT, root, comm);
Figure 8: The root process scatters sets of 100 ints to each process
in the group.
Example
The reverse of Example Examples using MPI_GATHER, MPI_GATHERV . The root process scatters sets of 100 ints to the other processes, but the sets of 100 are stride ints apart in the sending buffer. Requires use of MPI_SCATTERV. Assume . See figure 9 .
MPI_Comm comm; int gsize,*sendbuf; int root, rbuf[100], i, *displs, *scounts;...
MPI_Comm_size( comm, &gsize); sendbuf = (int *)malloc(gsize*stride*sizeof(int)); ... displs = (int *)malloc(gsize*sizeof(int)); scounts = (int *)malloc(gsize*sizeof(int)); for (i=0; i<gsize; ++i) { displs[i] = i*stride; scounts[i] = 100; } MPI_Scatterv( sendbuf, scounts, displs, MPI_INT, rbuf, 100, MPI_INT, root, comm);
Figure 9: The root process scatters sets of 100 ints, moving by
stride ints from send to send in the scatter.
Example
The reverse of Example Examples using MPI_GATHER, MPI_GATHERV . We have a varying stride between blocks at sending (root) side, at the receiving side we receive into the ith column of a 100 150 C array. See figure 10 .
MPI_Comm comm; int gsize,recvarray[100][150],*rptr; int root, *sendbuf, myrank, bufsize, *stride; MPI_Datatype rtype; int i, *displs, *scounts, offset; ... MPI_Comm_size( comm, &gsize); MPI_Comm_rank( comm, &myrank );stride = (int *)malloc(gsize*sizeof(int)); ... /* stride[i] for i = 0 to gsize-1 is set somehow * sendbuf comes from elsewhere */ ... displs = (int *)malloc(gsize*sizeof(int)); scounts = (int *)malloc(gsize*sizeof(int)); offset = 0; for (i=0; i<gsize; ++i) { displs[i] = offset; offset += stride[i]; scounts[i] = 100 - i; } /* Create datatype for the column we are receiving */ MPI_Type_vector( 100-myrank, 1, 150, MPI_INT, &rtype); MPI_Type_commit( &rtype ); rptr = &recvarray[0][myrank]; MPI_Scatterv( sendbuf, scounts, displs, MPI_INT, rptr, 1, rtype, root, comm);


sshd_config —
OpenSSH SSH daemon configuration file
sshd(8) reads configuration data
from
/etc/ssh/sshd_config (or the file specified
with
-f on the command line). The file contains
keyword-argument pairs, one per line. Lines starting with
‘
#
’ and empty lines are interpreted as
comments. Arguments may optionally be enclosed in double quotes (") in
order to represent arguments containing spaces.
The possible keywords and their meanings are as follows (note that keywords are
case-insensitive and arguments are case-sensitive):
- AcceptEnv
- Specifies what environment variables sent by the client
will be copied into the session's
environ(7). See
SendEnv in
ssh_config(5) for
how to configure the client. The
TERM
environment variable is always sent whenever the client requests a
pseudo-terminal as it is required by the protocol. Variables are specified
by name, which may contain the wildcard characters
‘*
’ and
‘?
’. Multiple environment variables
may be separated by whitespace or spread across multiple
AcceptEnv directives. Be warned that some
environment variables could be used to bypass restricted user
environments. For this reason, care should be taken in the use of this
directive. The default is not to accept any environment variables.
- AddressFamily
- Specifies which address family should be used by
sshd(8). Valid arguments
are any (the default),
inet (use IPv4 only), or
inet6 (use IPv6 only).
- AllowAgentForwarding
- Specifies whether
ssh-agent(1)
forwarding is permitted. The default is yes.
Note that disabling agent forwarding does not improve security unless
users are also denied shell access, as they can always install their own
forwarders.
- AllowGroups
- This keyword can be followed by a list of group name
patterns, separated by spaces. If specified, login is allowed only for
users whose primary group or supplementary group list matches one of the
patterns. Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not
recognized. By default, login is allowed for all groups. The allow/deny
directives are processed in the following order:
DenyUsers,
AllowUsers,
DenyGroups, and finally
AllowGroups.
See PATTERNS in
ssh_config(5) for
more information on patterns.
- AllowStreamLocalForwarding
- Specifies whether StreamLocal (Unix-domain socket)
forwarding is permitted. The available options are
yes (the default) or
all to allow StreamLocal forwarding,
no to prevent all StreamLocal forwarding,
local to allow local (from the perspective of
ssh(1)) forwarding only or
remote to allow remote forwarding only. Note
that disabling StreamLocal forwarding does not improve security unless
users are also denied shell access, as they can always install their own
forwarders.
- AllowTcpForwarding
- Specifies whether TCP forwarding is permitted. The
available options are yes (the default) or
all to allow TCP forwarding,
no to prevent all TCP forwarding,
local to allow local (from the perspective of
ssh(1)) forwarding only or
remote to allow remote forwarding only. Note
that disabling TCP forwarding does not improve security unless users are
also denied shell access, as they can always install their own
forwarders.
- AllowUsers
- This keyword can be followed by a list of user name
patterns, separated by spaces. If specified, login is allowed only for
user names that match one of the patterns. Only user names are valid; a
numerical user ID is not recognized. By default, login is allowed for all
users. If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST are
separately checked, restricting logins to particular users from particular
hosts. HOST criteria may additionally contain addresses to match in CIDR
address/masklen format. The allow/deny directives are processed in the
following order: DenyUsers,
AllowUsers,
DenyGroups, and finally
AllowGroups.
See PATTERNS in
ssh_config(5) for
more information on patterns.
- AuthenticationMethods
- Specifies the authentication methods that must be
successfully completed for a user to be granted access. This option must
be followed by one or more comma-separated lists of authentication method
names, or by the single string any to
indicate the default behaviour of accepting any single authentication
method. If the default is overridden, then successful authentication
requires completion of every method in at least one of these lists.
For example, “publickey,password
publickey,keyboard-interactive” would require the user to complete
public key authentication, followed by either password or keyboard
interactive authentication. Only methods that are next in one or more
lists are offered at each stage, so for this example it would not be
possible to attempt password or keyboard-interactive authentication before
public key.
For keyboard interactive authentication it is also possible to restrict
authentication to a specific device by appending a colon followed by the
device identifier bsdauth,
pam, or skey,
depending on the server configuration. For example,
“keyboard-interactive:bsdauth” would restrict keyboard
interactive authentication to the bsdauth
device.
If the publickey method is listed more than once,
sshd(8) verifies that keys
that have been used successfully are not reused for subsequent
authentications. For example, “publickey,publickey” requires
successful authentication using two different public keys.
Note that each authentication method listed should also be explicitly
enabled in the configuration.
The available authentication methods are: “gssapi-with-mic”,
“hostbased”, “keyboard-interactive”,
“none” (used for access to password-less accounts when
PermitEmptyPassword is enabled),
“password” and “publickey”.
- AuthorizedKeysCommand
- Specifies a program to be used to look up the user's public
keys. The program must be owned by root, not writable by group or others
and specified by an absolute path. Arguments to
AuthorizedKeysCommand accept the tokens
described in the TOKENS
section. If no arguments are specified then the username of the target
user is used.
The program should produce on standard output zero or more lines of
authorized_keys output (see
AUTHORIZED_KEYS in
sshd(8)). If a key
supplied by AuthorizedKeysCommand does not
successfully authenticate and authorize the user then public key
authentication continues using the usual
AuthorizedKeysFile files. By default, no
AuthorizedKeysCommand is run.
- AuthorizedKeysCommandUser
- Specifies the user under whose account the
AuthorizedKeysCommand is run. It is
recommended to use a dedicated user that has no other role on the host
than running authorized keys commands. If
AuthorizedKeysCommand is specified but
AuthorizedKeysCommandUser is not, then
sshd(8) will refuse to
start.
- AuthorizedKeysFile
- Specifies the file that contains the public keys used for
user authentication. The format is described in the
AUTHORIZED_KEYS
FILE FORMAT section of
sshd(8). Arguments to
AuthorizedKeysFile accept the tokens
described in the TOKENS
section. After expansion, AuthorizedKeysFile
is taken to be an absolute path or one relative to the user's home
directory. Multiple files may be listed, separated by whitespace.
Alternately this option may be set to none to
skip checking for user keys in files. The default is
“.ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2”.
- AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand
- Specifies a program to be used to generate the list of
allowed certificate principals as per
AuthorizedPrincipalsFile. The program must be
owned by root, not writable by group or others and specified by an
absolute path. Arguments to
AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand accept the tokens
described in the TOKENS
section. If no arguments are specified then the username of the target
user is used.
The program should produce on standard output zero or more lines of
AuthorizedPrincipalsFile output. If either
AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand or
AuthorizedPrincipalsFile is specified, then
certificates offered by the client for authentication must contain a
principal that is listed. By default, no
AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand is run.
- AuthorizedPrincipalsCommandUser
- Specifies the user under whose account the
AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand is run. It is
recommended to use a dedicated user that has no other role on the host
than running authorized principals commands. If
AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand is specified but
AuthorizedPrincipalsCommandUser is not, then
sshd(8) will refuse to
start.
- AuthorizedPrincipalsFile
- Specifies a file that lists principal names that are
accepted for certificate authentication. When using certificates signed by
a key listed in TrustedUserCAKeys, this file
lists names, one of which must appear in the certificate for it to be
accepted for authentication. Names are listed one per line preceded by key
options (as described in
AUTHORIZED_KEYS
FILE FORMAT in
sshd(8)). Empty lines and
comments starting with ‘
#
’ are
ignored.
Arguments to AuthorizedPrincipalsFile accept
the tokens described in the
TOKENS section. After
expansion, AuthorizedPrincipalsFile is taken
to be an absolute path or one relative to the user's home directory. The
default is none, i.e. not to use a principals
file – in this case, the username of the user must appear in a
certificate's principals list for it to be accepted.
Note that AuthorizedPrincipalsFile is only used
when authentication proceeds using a CA listed in
TrustedUserCAKeys and is not consulted for
certification authorities trusted via
~/.ssh/authorized_keys, though the
principals= key option offers a similar
facility (see sshd(8) for
details).
- Banner
- The contents of the specified file are sent to the remote
user before authentication is allowed. If the argument is
none then no banner is displayed. By default,
no banner is displayed.
- ChallengeResponseAuthentication
- Specifies whether challenge-response authentication is
allowed (e.g. via PAM or through authentication styles supported in
login.conf(5)) The
default is yes.
- ChrootDirectory
- Specifies the pathname of a directory to
chroot(2) to after
authentication. At session startup
sshd(8) checks that all
components of the pathname are root-owned directories which are not
writable by any other user or group. After the chroot,
sshd(8) changes the
working directory to the user's home directory. Arguments to
ChrootDirectory accept the tokens described
in the TOKENS section.
The ChrootDirectory must contain the necessary
files and directories to support the user's session. For an interactive
session this requires at least a shell, typically
sh(1), and basic
/dev nodes such as
null(4),
zero(4),
stdin(4),
stdout(4),
stderr(4), and
tty(4) devices. For file
transfer sessions using SFTP no additional configuration of the
environment is necessary if the in-process sftp-server is used, though
sessions which use logging may require
/dev/log inside the chroot directory on some
operating systems (see
sftp-server(8) for
details).
For safety, it is very important that the directory hierarchy be prevented
from modification by other processes on the system (especially those
outside the jail). Misconfiguration can lead to unsafe environments which
sshd(8) cannot detect.
The default is none, indicating not to
chroot(2).
- Ciphers
- Specifies the ciphers allowed. Multiple ciphers must be
comma-separated. If the specified value begins with a ‘+’
character, then the specified ciphers will be appended to the default set
instead of replacing them. If the specified value begins with a
‘-’ character, then the specified ciphers (including
wildcards) will be removed from the default set instead of replacing them.
The supported ciphers are:
- 3des-cbc
- aes128-cbc
- aes192-cbc
- aes256-cbc
- aes128-ctr
- aes192-ctr
- aes256-ctr
-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The default is:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,
aes128-gcm<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The list of available ciphers may also be obtained using “ssh -Q
cipher”.
- ClientAliveCountMax
- Sets the number of client alive messages which may be sent
without sshd(8) receiving
any messages back from the client. If this threshold is reached while
client alive messages are being sent, sshd will disconnect the client,
terminating the session. It is important to note that the use of client
alive messages is very different from
TCPKeepAlive. The client alive messages are
sent through the encrypted channel and therefore will not be spoofable.
The TCP keepalive option enabled by
TCPKeepAlive is spoofable. The client alive
mechanism is valuable when the client or server depend on knowing when a
connection has become inactive.
The default value is 3. If ClientAliveInterval
is set to 15, and ClientAliveCountMax is left
at the default, unresponsive SSH clients will be disconnected after
approximately 45 seconds.
- ClientAliveInterval
- Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data
has been received from the client,
sshd(8) will send a
message through the encrypted channel to request a response from the
client. The default is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent
to the client.
- Compression
- Specifies whether compression is enabled after the user has
authenticated successfully. The argument must be
yes, delayed (a
legacy synonym for yes) or
no. The default is
yes.
- DenyGroups
- This keyword can be followed by a list of group name
patterns, separated by spaces. Login is disallowed for users whose primary
group or supplementary group list matches one of the patterns. Only group
names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recognized. By default, login
is allowed for all groups. The allow/deny directives are processed in the
following order: DenyUsers,
AllowUsers,
DenyGroups, and finally
AllowGroups.
See PATTERNS in
ssh_config(5) for
more information on patterns.
- DenyUsers
- This keyword can be followed by a list of user name
patterns, separated by spaces. Login is disallowed for user names that
match one of the patterns. Only user names are valid; a numerical user ID
is not recognized. By default, login is allowed for all users. If the
pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST are separately
checked, restricting logins to particular users from particular hosts.
HOST criteria may additionally contain addresses to match in CIDR
address/masklen format. The allow/deny directives are processed in the
following order: DenyUsers,
AllowUsers,
DenyGroups, and finally
AllowGroups.
See PATTERNS in
ssh_config(5) for
more information on patterns.
- DisableForwarding
- Disables all forwarding features, including X11,
ssh-agent(1), TCP and
StreamLocal. This option overrides all other forwarding-related options
and may simplify restricted configurations.
- ExposeAuthInfo
- Writes a temporary file containing a list of authentication
methods and public credentials (e.g. keys) used to authenticate the user.
The location of the file is exposed to the user session through the
SSH_USER_AUTH
environment variable. The
default is no.
- FingerprintHash
- Specifies the hash algorithm used when logging key
fingerprints. Valid options are: md5 and
sha256. The default is
sha256.
- ForceCommand
- Forces the execution of the command specified by
ForceCommand, ignoring any command supplied
by the client and ~/.ssh/rc if present. The
command is invoked by using the user's login shell with the -c option.
This applies to shell, command, or subsystem execution. It is most useful
inside a Match block. The command originally
supplied by the client is available in the
SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND
environment
variable. Specifying a command of
internal-sftp will force the use of an
in-process SFTP server that requires no support files when used with
ChrootDirectory. The default is
none.
- GatewayPorts
- Specifies whether remote hosts are allowed to connect to
ports forwarded for the client. By default,
sshd(8) binds remote port
forwardings to the loopback address. This prevents other remote hosts from
connecting to forwarded ports. GatewayPorts
can be used to specify that sshd should allow remote port forwardings to
bind to non-loopback addresses, thus allowing other hosts to connect. The
argument may be no to force remote port
forwardings to be available to the local host only,
yes to force remote port forwardings to bind
to the wildcard address, or clientspecified
to allow the client to select the address to which the forwarding is
bound. The default is no.
- GSSAPIAuthentication
- Specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is
allowed. The default is no.
- GSSAPICleanupCredentials
- Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's
credentials cache on logout. The default is
yes.
- GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck
- Determines whether to be strict about the identity of the
GSSAPI acceptor a client authenticates against. If set to
yes then the client must authenticate against
the host service on the current hostname. If set to
no then the client may authenticate against
any service key stored in the machine's default store. This facility is
provided to assist with operation on multi homed machines. The default is
yes.
- HostbasedAcceptedKeyTypes
- Specifies the key types that will be accepted for hostbased
authentication as a comma-separated pattern list. Alternately if the
specified value begins with a ‘+’ character, then the
specified key types will be appended to the default set instead of
replacing them. If the specified value begins with a ‘-’
character, then the specified key types (including wildcards) will be
removed from the default set instead of replacing them. The default for
this option is:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,
ssh-ed25519,ssh-rsa
The list of available key types may also be obtained using “ssh -Q
key”.
- HostbasedAuthentication
- Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication
together with successful public key client host authentication is allowed
(host-based authentication). The default is
no.
- HostbasedUsesNameFromPacketOnly
- Specifies whether or not the server will attempt to perform
a reverse name lookup when matching the name in the
~/.shosts,
~/.rhosts, and
/etc/hosts.equiv files during
HostbasedAuthentication. A setting of
yes means that
sshd(8) uses the name
supplied by the client rather than attempting to resolve the name from the
TCP connection itself. The default is
no.
- HostCertificate
- Specifies a file containing a public host certificate. The
certificate's public key must match a private host key already specified
by HostKey. The default behaviour of
sshd(8) is not to load any
certificates.
- HostKey
- Specifies a file containing a private host key used by SSH.
The defaults are /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key,
/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key,
/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and
/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.
Note that sshd(8) will
refuse to use a file if it is group/world-accessible and that the
HostKeyAlgorithms option restricts which of
the keys are actually used by
sshd(8).
It is possible to have multiple host key files. It is also possible to
specify public host key files instead. In this case operations on the
private key will be delegated to an
ssh-agent(1).
- HostKeyAgent
- Identifies the UNIX-domain socket used to communicate with
an agent that has access to the private host keys. If the string
“SSH_AUTH_SOCK” is specified, the location of the socket
will be read from the
SSH_AUTH_SOCK
environment variable.
- HostKeyAlgorithms
- Specifies the host key algorithms that the server offers.
The default for this option is:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,
ssh-ed25519,ssh-rsa
The list of available key types may also be obtained using “ssh -Q
key”.
- IgnoreRhosts
- Specifies that .rhosts and
.shosts files will not be used in
HostbasedAuthentication.
/etc/hosts.equiv and
/etc/shosts.equiv are still used. The default
is yes.
- IgnoreUserKnownHosts
- Specifies whether
sshd(8) should ignore the
user's ~/.ssh/known_hosts during
HostbasedAuthentication. The default is
no.
- IPQoS
- Specifies the IPv4 type-of-service or DSCP class for the
connection. Accepted values are af11,
af12, af13,
af21, af22,
af23, af31,
af32, af33,
af41, af42,
af43, cs0,
cs1, cs2,
cs3, cs4,
cs5, cs6,
cs7, ef,
lowdelay,
throughput,
reliability, a numeric value, or
none to use the operating system default.
This option may take one or two arguments, separated by whitespace. If one
argument is specified, it is used as the packet class unconditionally. If
two values are specified, the first is automatically selected for
interactive sessions and the second for non-interactive sessions. The
default is lowdelay for interactive sessions
and throughput for non-interactive
sessions.
- KbdInteractiveAuthentication
- Specifies whether to allow keyboard-interactive
authentication. The argument to this keyword must be
yes or no. The
default is to use whatever value
ChallengeResponseAuthentication is set to (by
default yes).
- KerberosAuthentication
- Specifies whether the password provided by the user for
PasswordAuthentication will be validated
through the Kerberos KDC. To use this option, the server needs a Kerberos
servtab which allows the verification of the KDC's identity. The default
is no.
- KerberosGetAFSToken
- If AFS is active and the user has a Kerberos 5 TGT, attempt
to acquire an AFS token before accessing the user's home directory. The
default is no.
- KerberosOrLocalPasswd
- If password authentication through Kerberos fails then the
password will be validated via any additional local mechanism such as
/etc/passwd. The default is
yes.
- KerberosTicketCleanup
- Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's
ticket cache file on logout. The default is
yes.
- KexAlgorithms
- Specifies the available KEX (Key Exchange) algorithms.
Multiple algorithms must be comma-separated. Alternately if the specified
value begins with a ‘+’ character, then the specified
methods will be appended to the default set instead of replacing them. If
the specified value begins with a ‘-’ character, then the
specified methods (including wildcards) will be removed from the default
set instead of replacing them. The supported algorithms are:
- curve25519-sha256
-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
- diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
- diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1
- diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256
- ecdh-sha2-nistp256
- ecdh-sha2-nistp384
- ecdh-sha2-nistp521
The default is:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,
diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,
diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
The list of available key exchange algorithms may also be obtained using
“ssh -Q kex”.
- ListenAddress
- Specifies the local addresses
sshd(8) should listen on.
The following forms may be used:
If port is not specified, sshd will listen
on the address and all Port options
specified. The default is to listen on all local addresses. Multiple
ListenAddress options are permitted.
- LoginGraceTime
- The server disconnects after this time if the user has not
successfully logged in. If the value is 0, there is no time limit. The
default is 120 seconds.
- LogLevel
- Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging
messages from sshd(8). The
possible values are: QUIET, FATAL, ERROR, INFO, VERBOSE, DEBUG, DEBUG1,
DEBUG2, and DEBUG3. The default is INFO. DEBUG and DEBUG1 are equivalent.
DEBUG2 and DEBUG3 each specify higher levels of debugging output. Logging
with a DEBUG level violates the privacy of users and is not
recommended.
- MACs
- Specifies the available MAC (message authentication code)
algorithms. The MAC algorithm is used for data integrity protection.
Multiple algorithms must be comma-separated. If the specified value begins
with a ‘+’ character, then the specified algorithms will be
appended to the default set instead of replacing them. If the specified
value begins with a ‘-’ character, then the specified
algorithms (including wildcards) will be removed from the default set
instead of replacing them.
The algorithms that contain “-etm” calculate the MAC after
encryption (encrypt-then-mac). These are considered safer and their use
recommended. The supported MACs are:
- hmac-md5
- hmac-md5-96
- hmac-sha1
- hmac-sha1-96
- hmac-sha2-256
- hmac-sha2-512
-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The default is:
umac-64-etm<EMAIL_ADDRESS>hmac-sha2-256-etm<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>umac-64<EMAIL_ADDRESS>hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
The list of available MAC algorithms may also be obtained using “ssh
-Q mac”.
- Match
- Introduces a conditional block. If all of the criteria on
the Match line are satisfied, the keywords on
the following lines override those set in the global section of the config
file, until either another Match line or the
end of the file. If a keyword appears in multiple
Match blocks that are satisfied, only the
first instance of the keyword is applied.
The arguments to Match are one or more
criteria-pattern pairs or the single token
All which matches all criteria. The available
criteria are User,
Group, Host,
LocalAddress,
LocalPort, and
Address. The match patterns may consist of
single entries or comma-separated lists and may use the wildcard and
negation operators described in the
PATTERNS section of
ssh_config(5).
The patterns in an Address criteria may
additionally contain addresses to match in CIDR address/masklen format,
such as <IP_ADDRESS>/24 or 2001:db8::/32. Note that the mask length provided
must be consistent with the address - it is an error to specify a mask
length that is too long for the address or one with bits set in this host
portion of the address. For example, <IP_ADDRESS>/33 and <IP_ADDRESS>/8,
respectively.
Only a subset of keywords may be used on the lines following a
Match keyword. Available keywords are
AcceptEnv,
AllowAgentForwarding,
AllowGroups,
AllowStreamLocalForwarding,
AllowTcpForwarding,
AllowUsers,
AuthenticationMethods,
AuthorizedKeysCommand,
AuthorizedKeysCommandUser,
AuthorizedKeysFile,
AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand,
AuthorizedPrincipalsCommandUser,
AuthorizedPrincipalsFile,
Banner,
ChrootDirectory,
ClientAliveCountMax,
ClientAliveInterval,
DenyGroups,
DenyUsers,
ForceCommand,
GatewayPorts,
GSSAPIAuthentication,
HostbasedAcceptedKeyTypes,
HostbasedAuthentication,
HostbasedUsesNameFromPacketOnly,
IPQoS,
KbdInteractiveAuthentication,
KerberosAuthentication,
LogLevel,
MaxAuthTries,
MaxSessions,
PasswordAuthentication,
PermitEmptyPasswords,
PermitOpen,
PermitRootLogin,
PermitTTY,
PermitTunnel,
PermitUserRC,
PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes,
PubkeyAuthentication,
RekeyLimit,
RevokedKeys,
StreamLocalBindMask,
StreamLocalBindUnlink,
TrustedUserCAKeys,
X11DisplayOffset,
X11Forwarding and
X11UseLocalHost.
- MaxAuthTries
- Specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts
permitted per connection. Once the number of failures reaches half this
value, additional failures are logged. The default is 6.
- MaxSessions
- Specifies the maximum number of open shell, login or
subsystem (e.g. sftp) sessions permitted per network connection. Multiple
sessions may be established by clients that support connection
multiplexing. Setting MaxSessions to 1 will
effectively disable session multiplexing, whereas setting it to 0 will
prevent all shell, login and subsystem sessions while still permitting
forwarding. The default is 10.
- MaxStartups
- Specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated
connections to the SSH daemon. Additional connections will be dropped
until authentication succeeds or the
LoginGraceTime expires for a connection. The
default is 10:30:100.
Alternatively, random early drop can be enabled by specifying the three
colon separated values start:rate:full (e.g. "10:30:60").
sshd(8) will refuse
connection attempts with a probability of rate/100 (30%) if there are
currently start (10) unauthenticated connections. The probability
increases linearly and all connection attempts are refused if the number
of unauthenticated connections reaches full (60).
- PasswordAuthentication
- Specifies whether password authentication is allowed. The
default is yes.
- PermitEmptyPasswords
- When password authentication is allowed, it specifies
whether the server allows login to accounts with empty password strings.
The default is no.
- PermitOpen
- Specifies the destinations to which TCP port forwarding is
permitted. The forwarding specification must be one of the following
forms:
Multiple forwards may be specified by separating them with whitespace. An
argument of any can be used to remove all
restrictions and permit any forwarding requests. An argument of
none can be used to prohibit all forwarding
requests. The wildcard ‘*’ can be used for host or port to
allow all hosts or ports, respectively. By default all port forwarding
requests are permitted.
- PermitRootLogin
- Specifies whether root can log in using
ssh(1). The argument must
be yes,
prohibit-password,
without-password,
forced-commands-only, or
no. The default is
prohibit-password.
If this option is set to prohibit-password or
without-password, password and
keyboard-interactive authentication are disabled for root.
If this option is set to forced-commands-only,
root login with public key authentication will be allowed, but only if the
command option has been specified (which
may be useful for taking remote backups even if root login is normally not
allowed). All other authentication methods are disabled for root.
If this option is set to no, root is not
allowed to log in.
- PermitTTY
- Specifies whether
pty(4) allocation is
permitted. The default is yes.
- PermitTunnel
- Specifies whether
tun(4) device forwarding is
allowed. The argument must be yes,
point-to-point (layer 3),
ethernet (layer 2), or
no. Specifying
yes permits both
point-to-point and
ethernet. The default is
no.
Independent of this setting, the permissions of the selected
tun(4) device must allow
access to the user.
- PermitUserEnvironment
- Specifies whether
~/.ssh/environment and
environment= options in
~/.ssh/authorized_keys are processed by
sshd(8). The default is
no. Enabling environment processing may
enable users to bypass access restrictions in some configurations using
mechanisms such as
LD_PRELOAD
.
- PermitUserRC
- Specifies whether any
~/.ssh/rc file is executed. The default is
yes.
- PidFile
- Specifies the file that contains the process ID of the SSH
daemon, or none to not write one. The default
is /var/run/sshd.pid.
- Port
- Specifies the port number that
sshd(8) listens on. The
default is 22. Multiple options of this type are permitted. See also
ListenAddress.
- PrintLastLog
- Specifies whether
sshd(8) should print the
date and time of the last user login when a user logs in interactively.
The default is yes.
- PrintMotd
- Specifies whether
sshd(8) should print
/etc/motd when a user logs in interactively.
(On some systems it is also printed by the shell,
/etc/profile, or equivalent.) The default is
yes.
- PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
- Specifies the key types that will be accepted for public
key authentication as a comma-separated pattern list. Alternately if the
specified value begins with a ‘+’ character, then the
specified key types will be appended to the default set instead of
replacing them. If the specified value begins with a ‘-’
character, then the specified key types (including wildcards) will be
removed from the default set instead of replacing them. The default for
this option is:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,
ssh-ed25519,ssh-rsa
The list of available key types may also be obtained using “ssh -Q
key”.
- PubkeyAuthentication
- Specifies whether public key authentication is allowed. The
default is yes.
- RekeyLimit
- Specifies the maximum amount of data that may be
transmitted before the session key is renegotiated, optionally followed a
maximum amount of time that may pass before the session key is
renegotiated. The first argument is specified in bytes and may have a
suffix of ‘K’, ‘M’, or ‘G’ to
indicate Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively. The default is
between ‘1G’ and ‘4G’, depending on the
cipher. The optional second value is specified in seconds and may use any
of the units documented in the
TIME FORMATS section.
The default value for RekeyLimit is
default none, which means that rekeying is
performed after the cipher's default amount of data has been sent or
received and no time based rekeying is done.
- RevokedKeys
- Specifies revoked public keys file, or
none to not use one. Keys listed in this file
will be refused for public key authentication. Note that if this file is
not readable, then public key authentication will be refused for all
users. Keys may be specified as a text file, listing one public key per
line, or as an OpenSSH Key Revocation List (KRL) as generated by
ssh-keygen(1). For
more information on KRLs, see the KEY REVOCATION LISTS section in
ssh-keygen(1).
- StreamLocalBindMask
- Sets the octal file creation mode mask (umask) used when
creating a Unix-domain socket file for local or remote port forwarding.
This option is only used for port forwarding to a Unix-domain socket file.
The default value is 0177, which creates a Unix-domain socket file that is
readable and writable only by the owner. Note that not all operating
systems honor the file mode on Unix-domain socket files.
- StreamLocalBindUnlink
- Specifies whether to remove an existing Unix-domain socket
file for local or remote port forwarding before creating a new one. If the
socket file already exists and
StreamLocalBindUnlink is not enabled,
sshd will be unable to forward the port to
the Unix-domain socket file. This option is only used for port forwarding
to a Unix-domain socket file.
The argument must be yes or
no. The default is
no.
- StrictModes
- Specifies whether
sshd(8) should check file
modes and ownership of the user's files and home directory before
accepting login. This is normally desirable because novices sometimes
accidentally leave their directory or files world-writable. The default is
yes. Note that this does not apply to
ChrootDirectory, whose permissions and
ownership are checked unconditionally.
- Subsystem
- Configures an external subsystem (e.g. file transfer
daemon). Arguments should be a subsystem name and a command (with optional
arguments) to execute upon subsystem request.
The command sftp-server implements the SFTP
file transfer subsystem.
Alternately the name internal-sftp implements
an in-process SFTP server. This may simplify configurations using
ChrootDirectory to force a different
filesystem root on clients.
By default no subsystems are defined.
- SyslogFacility
- Gives the facility code that is used when logging messages
from sshd(8). The possible
values are: DAEMON, USER, AUTH, LOCAL0, LOCAL1, LOCAL2, LOCAL3, LOCAL4,
LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7. The default is AUTH.
- TCPKeepAlive
- Specifies whether the system should send TCP keepalive
messages to the other side. If they are sent, death of the connection or
crash of one of the machines will be properly noticed. However, this means
that connections will die if the route is down temporarily, and some
people find it annoying. On the other hand, if TCP keepalives are not
sent, sessions may hang indefinitely on the server, leaving
“ghost” users and consuming server resources.
The default is yes (to send TCP keepalive
messages), and the server will notice if the network goes down or the
client host crashes. This avoids infinitely hanging sessions.
To disable TCP keepalive messages, the value should be set to
no.
- TrustedUserCAKeys
- Specifies a file containing public keys of certificate
authorities that are trusted to sign user certificates for authentication,
or none to not use one. Keys are listed one
per line; empty lines and comments starting with
‘
#
’ are allowed. If a certificate is
presented for authentication and has its signing CA key listed in this
file, then it may be used for authentication for any user listed in the
certificate's principals list. Note that certificates that lack a list of
principals will not be permitted for authentication using
TrustedUserCAKeys. For more details on
certificates, see the CERTIFICATES section in
ssh-keygen(1).
- UseDNS
- Specifies whether
sshd(8) should look up the
remote host name, and to check that the resolved host name for the remote
IP address maps back to the very same IP address.
If this option is set to no (the default) then
only addresses and not host names may be used in
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
from and
sshd_config
Match Host
directives.
- UsePAM
- Enables the Pluggable Authentication Module interface. If
set to yes this will enable PAM
authentication using
ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
PasswordAuthentication in addition to PAM
account and session module processing for all authentication types.
Because PAM challenge-response authentication usually serves an equivalent
role to password authentication, you should disable either
PasswordAuthentication or
ChallengeResponseAuthentication.
If UsePAM is enabled, you will not be able to
run sshd(8) as a non-root
user. The default is no.
- VersionAddendum
- Optionally specifies additional text to append to the SSH
protocol banner sent by the server upon connection. The default is
none.
- X11DisplayOffset
- Specifies the first display number available for
sshd(8)'s X11 forwarding.
This prevents sshd from interfering with real X11 servers. The default is
10.
- X11Forwarding
- Specifies whether X11 forwarding is permitted. The argument
must be yes or
no. The default is
no.
When X11 forwarding is enabled, there may be additional exposure to the
server and to client displays if the
sshd(8) proxy display is
configured to listen on the wildcard address (see
X11UseLocalhost), though this is not the
default. Additionally, the authentication spoofing and authentication data
verification and substitution occur on the client side. The security risk
of using X11 forwarding is that the client's X11 display server may be
exposed to attack when the SSH client requests forwarding (see the
warnings for ForwardX11 in
ssh_config(5)). A
system administrator may have a stance in which they want to protect
clients that may expose themselves to attack by unwittingly requesting X11
forwarding, which can warrant a no setting.
Note that disabling X11 forwarding does not prevent users from forwarding
X11 traffic, as users can always install their own forwarders.
- X11UseLocalhost
- Specifies whether
sshd(8) should bind the
X11 forwarding server to the loopback address or to the wildcard address.
By default, sshd binds the forwarding server to the loopback address and
sets the hostname part of the
DISPLAY
environment variable to localhost. This
prevents remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display. However, some
older X11 clients may not function with this configuration.
X11UseLocalhost may be set to
no to specify that the forwarding server
should be bound to the wildcard address. The argument must be
yes or no. The
default is yes.
- XAuthLocation
- Specifies the full pathname of the
xauth(1) program, or
none to not use one. The default is
/usr/X11R6/bin/xauth.
sshd(8) command-line arguments
and configuration file options that specify time may be expressed using a
sequence of the form:
time[
qualifier],
where
time is a positive integer value and
qualifier is one of the following:
- ⟨none⟩
- seconds
- s
|
S
- seconds
- m
|
M
- minutes
- h
|
H
- hours
- d
|
D
- days
- w
|
W
- weeks
Each member of the sequence is added together to calculate the total time value.
Time format examples:
- 600
- 600 seconds (10 minutes)
- 10m
- 10 minutes
- 1h30m
- 1 hour 30 minutes (90 minutes)
Arguments to some keywords can make use of tokens, which are expanded at
runtime:
- %%
- A literal ‘%’.
- %F
- The fingerprint of the CA key.
- %f
- The fingerprint of the key or certificate.
- %h
- The home directory of the user.
- %i
- The key ID in the certificate.
- %K
- The base64-encoded CA key.
- %k
- The base64-encoded key or certificate for
authentication.
- %s
- The serial number of the certificate.
- %T
- The type of the CA key.
- %t
- The key or certificate type.
- %u
- The username.
AuthorizedKeysCommand accepts the tokens %%, %f,
%h, %k, %t, and %u.
AuthorizedKeysFile accepts the tokens %%, %h, and
%u.
AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand accepts the tokens %%,
%F, %f, %h, %i, %K, %k, %s, %T, %t, and %u.
AuthorizedPrincipalsFile accepts the tokens %%, %h,
and %u.
ChrootDirectory accepts the tokens %%, %h, and %u.
- /etc/ssh/sshd_config
- Contains configuration data for
sshd(8). This file should
be writable by root only, but it is recommended (though not necessary)
that it be world-readable.
sftp-server(8),
sshd(8)
OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by
Tatu Ylonen.
Aaron Campbell,
Bob Beck,
Markus Friedl,
Niels Provos,
Theo de Raadt and
Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer
features and created OpenSSH.
Markus Friedl
contributed the support for SSH protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
Niels Provos and
Markus Friedl contributed support for
privilege separation.


Tell your non-tech friend a story about a time you:
Got blocked on a simple problem.
I needed to access a value from an object (which is a block of code that has particular properties you define), and the line of code you use to do that includes dots and/or brackets to follow the route of access, kinda like going through the series of folders on your computer to get to the file you want. I couldn’t get my head around when to use dots or brackets and when I tried a few different combinations I couldn’t figure out what I was doing wrong! So I read through the article that was linked in the kata exercise about it, and cross-referenced this with a few other websites. I felt like I understood the concept but the thing still wasn’t working. In the end, I kept trying things and looking at example code, then I realised I had quotation marks around the code I’d put in brackets, which I didn’t need to do. I was very frustrated initially because I thought I was doing what logically made sense based on what I was reading, but still getting confused. I learnt that it’s important to break apart what you’ve written so you can notice small errors.
Solved a problem in an elegant way
I started an exercise by laying out the pseudocode (lines of text that are just step by step descriptions of what you want the code to do). I did this one step at a time, fulfilling each part to pass each smaller test. I was able to complete the whole thing relatively quickly, and when I came across issues I had a clear understanding of what I was trying to do with the code so I could come up with solutions more efficiently. I felt calm and focused during the process and learnt that I was very capable of completing the tests if I kept myself focused.
Reflect on how confident you feel using the problem solving techniques and process:
Having now applied multiple problem solving techniques, I am starting to figure out what works for me and feel confident in my capacity to reach a solution. Because I still need time for certain concepts to sink it, it was hard to initially extract benefit from things such as the rubber ducky method or pseudocode. I found that I couldn’t really reach the solutions through my own thinking alone at this point, and so relied heavily on google for support. I feel that I now know good resources for learning certain things and how to effectively cross reference different types of resources in order to reach understanding. After educating myself further, I could then apply some other methods such as reading error messages and console logging to get myself to a solution.


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Provider networks are created by administrators. These networks map to an existing physical network in the data center.
Project networks are created by users. These networks are fully isolated and are project-specific.
An External network is set up by an administrator. If you want a container to communicate outside of the data center, then attach a router between your Project network and the External network. You can use the Network Topology view to connect the router to the two networks.
The subnet identifies a sub-section of a network. A subnet is specified in CIDR format. A typical CIDR format looks like 192.xxx.x.x/24.
If a network is shared, then all users in the project can access the network.
When the Admin State for a network is set to Up, then the network is available for use. You can set the Admin State to Down if you are not ready for other users to access the network.
The status indicates whether the network has an active connection.


Hosea 8:12
I have written to him the great things of my law, but they were counted as a strange thing.


WOMEN WITHOUT IMPLANTS A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1997 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ***
Anne De Salvo is a talented actress who usually plays supporting roles. If you see her, you will probably recognize her. She has been in about two dozen films from STARDUST MEMORIES to UNSTRUNG HEROES. She was at San Jose's Cinequest Film Festival to present the first (short) film she had created. She wrote, directed, starred in it, and talked a gifted group of her friends into acting in it gratis. The cast includes Beth Broderick (THE BONFIRE OF THE VANITIES), Cathy Moriarty (CASPER and RAGING BULL), Julie Hagerty (AIRPLANE!), and Lee Garlington (THE BABYSITTER).
WOMEN WITHOUT IMPLANTS is an extremely funny comedy about women's breasts. The film is much less risque than you might guess, and De Salvo just signed a deal to get it shown on the Lifetime cable network on March 9th. I suspect she will be able to show it without editing since, as funny as it is, it is never very explicit. As always, I will keep my reviews even less explicit and G rated.
The short story starts with a group of women discussing bra types. Each has a theory as to which is the best brand and why. As in all of the show, every line is precious. De Salvo's script has humor that hits the mark with enough truth in every line to make the laughs bite.
This is no ugly film with a handheld camera and a low budget look. De Salvo was able to get Ralf Bode, who is an Academy Award nominated cinematographer (THE COAL MINER'S DAUGHTER), to film it. The print looks great with a hazy warmth. Even the editing (Adam Bernardi) is crisp and dramatic.
In the story Linda (Anne De Salvo) has had it with bras. She tells her Hollywood friends she is going to get plastic surgery because she wants "a bodacious pair." Her friends think she is nuts.
Although it is a short film, there are several great scenes. The best has modestly chested Linda trying everything to lure the attention of a moderately attractive man at a party. She tries to talk to him about football, but when a women with large breasts enters the room, he starts ignoring Linda. I will not reveal her actions then nor what she does at the trip to the plastic surgeon, but rest assured that you are in for many laughs and several surprises.
After the film was over, I got to ask the director some questions. I was surprised to find out that the script was not ad libbed at all. She wrote every word of the script before the project started. It has the naturalness of some actresses sitting down together and starting to cut up to see what material they could improvise.
She said that the film is based on what happened to two of her friends.
De Salvo said the message she is trying to give in the film is, "what's right for you is right for you, and it's nobody else's business." The film does exactly what she set out to do and delights and charms its audience in the process.
WOMEN WITHOUT IMPLANTS runs just 20 minutes, but there is so much in it, I thought it was twice that long. It is not rated, but would probably be PG-13 for the frank conversations. The film would be fine for kids 10 and up. I enjoyed this funny, short film so I recommend it and give it ** 1/2.
**** = A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show. Don't waste your money. 0 = Totally and painfully unbearable picture.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: January 30, 1997
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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| HOME | DOWNLOAD | DOCUMENTATION | FORUM | FAQ |
> Home > Documentation > Gravity and Magnetics
CILMPLUS(1) SHTOOLS 2.6 CILMPLUS(1)
CilmPlus
CilmPlus - Calculate the gravitational potential of relief referenced to a spherical interface using the finite amplitude algorithm of Wieczorek and Phillips (1998).
SYNOPSIS
SUBROUTINE CilmPlus ( CILM, GRIDIN, LMAX, NMAX, MASS, D, RHO, GRIDTYPE, W, ZERO, PLX, N, DREF ) REAL*8 CILM(2, LMAX+1, LMAX+1), GRIDIN(LMAX+1, 2*LMAX+1), MASS, D, RHO, REAL*8, OPTIONAL W(LMAX+1), ZERO(LMAX+1), PLX(LMAX+1, (LMAX+1)*(LMAX+2)/2), DREF INTEGER LMAX, NMAX INTEGER, OPTIONAL N
DESCRIPTION
CilmPlus will calculate the spherical harmonic coefficients of the gravitational potential that correspond to constant density relief referenced to a spherical interface. This is equation 10 of Wieczorek and Phillips (1998), where the potential is strictly valid only when the coefficients are evaluated at a radius greater than the maximum radius of the relief. The relief is input as a grid, whose type is specified by GRIDTYPE (1 for Gauss-Legendre quadrature grids, 2 for NxN Driscoll and Healy sampled grids, and 3 for Nx2N Driscoll and Healy sampled grids). The input relief GRIDIN must correspond to absolute radii. The parameter NMAX is the order of the Taylor series used in the algorithm to approximate the potential coefficients, and experience shows that for accurate results this should be equal to about 4. By default, the relief and spherical harmonic coefficients will be referenced to the mean radius of GRIDIN. However, if the optional parameter DREF is specified, this will be used instead as the reference radius. It is important to understand that as an intermediate step, this routine calculates the spherical harmonic coefficients of the relief (referenced to the mean radius of GRIDIN or DREF) raised to the nth power, i.e., (GRIDIN-D)**n. As such, if the input function is bandlimited to degree L, the resulting function will be bandlimited to degree L*NMAX. This subroutine implicitly assumes that the GRIDIN has an effective sperhcial harmonic bandwidth greater or equal to L*NMAX. (The effective bandwidth is equal to LMAX for GRIDIN=1, and is specified by N/2-1 for GRIDIN=2 or 3.) If this is not the case, then aliasing will occur. In practice, for accurate results, it is found that the effective bandwidth needs only to be about twice the size of L, though this should be verified for each application. Thus, if the input function is considered to be bandlimited to degree L, the function should be evaluated on a grid corresponding to a maximum degree of about 2*L. If the input grid is evaluated on the Gauss-Legendre points, it is necessary to specify the optional parameters W and ZERO, or W and PLX, which are calculated by a call to PreCompute. In contast, if Driscoll- Healy grids are used (NxN or Nx2N), it is necessary to specify the optional parameter N. If memory is not an issue, the algorithm can be speeded up considerably when using Gauss-Lengendre grids by inputing the optional array PLX (along with W) of precomputed associated Legendre functions on the Gauss-Legendre nodes. Both of these variables are computed by a call to PreCompute.
ARGUMENTS
CILM (output) REAL*8, DIMENSION (2, LMAX+1, LMAX+1) The real spherical harmonic coefficients (geodesy normalized) of the gravitational potential corresponding to constant density relief referenced to a spherical interface of radius D. GRIDIN (input) REAL*8, DIMENSION (LMAX+1, 2*LMAX+1) for GRIDTYPE 1, DIMENSION (N, N) for GRIDTYPE 2, DIMENSION (N, 2*N) for GRIDTYPE 3 The radii of the interface evaluated on a grid corresponding to a function of maximum spherical harmonic degree LMAX. This is calculated by a call to either MakeGridGLQ or MakeGridDH. LMAX (input) INTEGER The maximum spherical harmonic degree of the output spherical harmonic coefficients. This degree also determines the dimension of the input relief GRIDGLQ for GRIDTYPE 1. (As a general rule, this should be about twice the spherical harmonic bandwidth of the input function.) For Driscoll-Healy grids, LMAX must be less than or equal to N/2 - 1. NMAX (input) INTEGER The maximum order used in the Taylor-series expansion used in calculating the potential coefficients. As a rule, this should be about 4. MASS (input) REAL*8 The mass of the planet in kg. D (output) REAL*8 The mean radius of the relief as determined from GRIDGLQ in meters. RHO (input) REAL*8 The density contrast of the relief in kg/m^3. GRIDTYPE (input) INTEGER 1 = Gauss-Legendre grids, calculated using PreCompute and MakeGridGLQ. 2 = Equally sampled Driscoll-Healy grids, NxN, calculated using MakeGridDH. 3 = Equally spaced Driscoll- Healy grids, Nx2N, calculated using MakeGridDH. W (input) REAL*8, OPTIONAL DIMENSION (LMAX+1) The weights used in the Gauss-Legendre quadrature, which are required for GRIDTYPE = 1. These are calculated from a call to PreCompute (or alternatively, PreGLQ). ZERO (input) REAL*8, OPTIONAL, DIMENSION (LMAX+1) The nodes used in the Gauss-Legendre quadrature over latitude for GRIDTYPE 1, calculated by a call to PreCompute. One of PLX or ZERO must be present when GRIDTYPE = 1, but not both. PLX (input) REAL*8, OPTIONAL, DIMENSION (LMAX+1, (LMAX+1)*(LMAX+2)/2) An array of the associated Legendre functions calculated at the nodes used in the Gauss-Legendre quadrature for GRIDTYPE 1. These are determined from a call to PreCompute. One of PLX or ZERO must be present when GRIDTYPE = 1, but not both. N (input) INTEGER, OPTIONAL The number of samples in latitude when using Driscoll-Healy grids. For a function bandlimited to LMAX, N = 2 (LMAX + 1). This is required for GRIDTYPE = 2 and 3. DREF (input) REAL*8, OPTIONAL The reference radius to be used when calculating both the relief and spherical harmonic coefficients. If this is not specified, this parameter will be set equal to the mean radius of GRIDIN.
NOTES
This routine uses geodesy 4-pi normalized spherical harmonics that exclude the Condon-Shortley phase; This can not be modified. This routine requires the fast Fourier transform library FFTW, which is available at <http://www.fftw.org>.
SEE ALSO
shexpandglq(1), makegridglq(1), precompute(1), preglq(1), glqgridcoord(1), makegriddh(1) <http://www.ipgp.jussieu.fr/~wieczor/SHTOOLS/SHTOOLS.html>
REFERENCES
Wieczorek, M. A. and R. J. Phillips, Potential anomalies on a sphere: applications to the thickness of the lunar crust, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1715-1724, 1998.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright 2005-2009 by Mark Wieczorek<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This is free software; you can distribute and modify it under the terms of the revised BSD license. SHTOOLS 2.6 2011-02-11 CILMPLUS(1)
> Home > Documentation > Gravity and Magnetics
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris | © 2011 Mark Wieczorek |


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
less than 10 mins
Serves
Serves 2
Dietary
Preheat the oven to 200C/400F/Mark 6.
For the tart, lay the pastry on a baking sheet and spread the mincemeat onto the pastry, leaving a 1cm/½in border. Place the apples and sugar on top of the mincemeat.
Brush the pastry edges with milk and bake for eight minutes, or until golden-brown.
To make the mint cream, stir together the mint and sugar with the whipped cream in a small bowl.
Sprinkle the tart with walnuts, drizzle with honey and dust with icing sugar. Serve the tart warm.


So you want to know about me?, Alright, I will try to not bore you.
As you know my name is Himanshu Bansal (Written on landing page, duh).A old engineer by brain, gamer by nature. From a very young age i want to become an engineer and i will continue to be one, not only software or hardware just engineer. I think of my self as master of all trade but master of none because i can't find that one thing that i want to master so i try everything technology have to offer ever since.
For me Engineer is a person who solves peoples problem by any means necessary and thats what i do.
I am not from south India or from Africa, I am born and raised in Delhi, India and have been with my parents.
For my hobbies, Love to code,watch Anime and play games(too much), sometimes watch action movies, comedy shows or read books (usually sleeps after reading few pages but still read them). Can you beat you in a spice eating competition And like to travel where internet is fast. And lastly NOT A FAN OF GAME OF THRONE (😲)


Smith shrugs off Pooran's light ball-tampering ban
Former Australia captain Steve Smith, who was banned for a year for ball-tampering, says he does not feel hard done by despite a much lighter sanction handed down to West Indies batsman Nicholas Pooran for the same offence.
MELBOURNE: Former Australia captain Steve Smith, who was banned for a year for ball-tampering, says he does not feel hard done by despite a much lighter sanction handed down to West Indies batsman Nicholas Pooran for the same offence.
Pooran was given a four-game ban during the third one-day international against Afghanistan, the International Cricket Council (ICC) said last week.
Smith was initially banned for a test by the ICC after admitting that Australia had tried to alter the condition of the ball during the Newlands test against South Africa in March 2018.
But governing body Cricket Australia subsequently banned him for 12 months along with team mate David Warner, and stripped both of their leadership roles.
Opening batsman Cameron Bancroft, the third player involved at Cape Town, received a nine-month suspension.
"Everyone is different, every board is different, and the way they deal with certain issues,” Smith, who remains barred from leadership roles until March 2020, told reporters in Brisbane on Monday.
"For me, I copped it on the chin ... it is what it is.
"I don’t feel hard done by. It was a long time ago now. I’ve moved past it and I’m focusing on the present."
Smith's ban from international and domestic cricket expired in March and he was rushed back into the Australia squad for the one-day World Cup in England.
He also played a starring role with the bat in Australia's retention of the Ashes in England in September.
Smith played with 24-year-old Pooran at Barbados in the Caribbean Premier League last year while serving his ban, the terms of which allowed the Australian to play in non-international competitions overseas.
"I know Nicholas, I’ve played a bit of cricket with him and he’s a talented player and someone with a bright future," Smith said of wicketkeeper-batsman Pooran, who has played 16 one-day internationals and 14 Twenty20 internationals.
"I think he’ll learn from his mistake and move past it ... I think he’s going to be an exceptional player in white-ball cricket."
Smith was fined 25 percent of his match fee for a code of conduct violation after showing dissent with the umpire's decision when he was given out caught behind when batting for New South Wales against Western Australia last week in a Sheffield Shield game.
The master batsman subsequently apologised to his team mates for setting a poor example.
"Of course, I’ll still make mistakes, I’m a human being, we all do," he said on Monday.
"But being able to catch yourself and the way you’re thinking is something I’ve learnt and something I’ll continue to work on and continue and get better at."
(Reporting by Ian Ransom; Editing by Peter Rutherford)


On ice
Japan's Shoma Uno performs in the men's short program during the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating- Rostelecom Cup in Moscow, Russia, on Friday. Uno finished with 87.29 points. Alexander Samrin led the 12-man field with 92.81, followed by Dmitri Aliev.
© Reuters


influenza virus Vero viruses vaccine cells NIBRG- []. [], cell vaccines {border-style high-growth pandemic px;} #ffffff;} .Â±. production culture infectious titers using MDCK Vero- manufacturing plaque Health TCID/ml used Influenza Vero-adapted available seasonal Taiwan gene px; reassortant study {font-family Therefore, Vaccine antigenicity egg-based eggs font-size grow infection microcarrier-based segments standard strain wild-type (HN) (Vero-) National Research Virus World cell-based cells, development double; passages seed technology vaccines. < (log) USA) Vaccines avian border-color border-width cell-adapted clinical conducted efficiently egg-adapted global growth human including master microcarriers post solid; viruses. {font-style {font-weight (MOIâ€Š=â€Šâˆ’) (Table A/PR// Growth Moreover, Virol action assay based bold candidate capacity causing cell-derived cells. courier; current day efficiency em; genetic grown highly increased manufacture measured peak plan potential pt;} related sequences shown trials


After my kids' old PC died, I decided to let them use a spare Raspberry Pi I had. We played around with RetroPie, which was amazing, but it lacked the full features of a Linux desktop & it didn't force them to learn anything about Linux.
So I installed Raspbian with Pixel and let the kids loose on it. They loved it, and are learning a great deal about their new OS, but they get frustrated with many of the road blocks.
At first I started created myriad shell scripts and putting them in folders where my kids could click on them to launch a DOS game with complicated comfiguration, or a shell game that required command line parameters. This worked well, but was tiresome.
...and then my Pi bricked. I was able to format the SD card and reinstall, but all that custom work was gone.
So I decided to create a project that would be simple to setup and pull all comfiguration from my Github account. This way if the kids ever destroyed their Pi, I could always set up another and configure it quickly.
While my little pet project couldn't ever hope to rival the polish of RetroPie, I hope it gives some of the ease of game play while still allowing you to leverage a full Linux OS.
If you like it, feel free to peruse my Github repos (I've been trying to convince myself to make more of my code public, so new repos should be added soon).
https://github.com/tacobates
Also check out my site: zebrastrut.com
Thanks,
-Rob Bates


class AdvertisementService
Service class for Advertisement
Methods
| __construct(ContainerInterface $container = null) | ||
| array |
getActiveNewsTickerAdvertisements()
Get NewsTickerAdvertisements that are active and viewable in the frontend. |
|
| array |
getActiveFeaturedInstitutionAdvertisements()
Get FeaturedInstitutionAdvertisement that are active and viewable in the frontend. |
|
| array |
getActiveFeaturedListingAdvertisements()
Get FeaturedListingAdvertisement that are active and viewable in the frontend. |
Details
at line 41
public
__construct(ContainerInterface $container = null)
at line 53
public array
getActiveNewsTickerAdvertisements()
Get NewsTickerAdvertisements that are active and viewable in the frontend.
Caching will be applied in this layer
at line 67
public array
getActiveFeaturedInstitutionAdvertisements()
Get FeaturedInstitutionAdvertisement that are active and viewable in the frontend.
Caching will be applied in this layer.
at line 81
public array
getActiveFeaturedListingAdvertisements()
Get FeaturedListingAdvertisement that are active and viewable in the frontend.
Caching will be applied in this layer.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 1
Dietary
For the tagliatelle, place the flour and the egg into the bowl of a food processor and blend the ingredients until they have combined and the mixture has formed a dough.
Place the dough onto a floured surface and knead it for one minute.
Wrap the dough in cling film and transfer it to the fridge to rest for five minutes.
Remove the dough from the fridge and roll through a pasta machine twice, or until a flat sheet of pasta has formed.
Cut the pasta into five ribbons and place it into a saucepan of salted boiling water. Cook for 30 seconds and then drain off any excess water.
For the sauce, heat the oil in a saucepan and add the onion and garlic. Fry the ingredients until they become soft and golden in colour.
Add the broccoli, tomatoes, purée and water to the saucepan and mix the ingredients well. Cook for five minutes then season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
To serve, place the tagliatelle into a clean bowl and spoon the sauce over the top of the pasta.


Gateway
BOT
19-Jun-19 04:04 PM
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> @Robert Garcia how many coin did TS sell?
Supply is 11,290,346,689, it is also possible they had 1% holding?
So you saying 27,196,221.0 /<PHONE_NUMBER>9 was sold? That's 0.2%
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> @Robert Garcia They might have manipulated and sold they holding quick. Then announce the delisting. But how many coins was the users coins that was stolen?
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> pretty, i think you stand aside with the TS, and the article showing the full theft clearly
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> it's your own vision!
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> @Robert Garcia I don't stand on anyone side. I believe you with TS dirty practice of banning users on twitter and discord. I just trying to understand how they came to that conclusion since 0.2% might be a whale. If the funds of a user was stolen that a real concern. I lost lot of money in Cryptopia. After that any exchange is suspicious. The report not exactly stating how much TS stolen, Yes the fees of withdrawal is a bad practise. Like KNT withdrawal fees is high and that not fair. I still advice people to get out as fast as possible. I have 0 holding in TS. I only traded hush there and that too small value of $200 max.
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> The report only stats bad practice and a dump.
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> and those 2 snot a full accuse that garbage ?
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> @Robert Garcia they valid claims.
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> really i can't reach what the final conclusion you wanna reach , 2 lines not third , you agree to their suspicious acts or you feel it normally
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> but they don't dumped that colx amount from their own holdings,
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> all of these customers and traders disabled from withdraw the colx amount due to the high fee they always set during delist any coins
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> that not a satisfactory reason !
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> what 's problems with Bitradio, you mentioned? i traded and mine it normally on BTCPOP AND CREX24
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> @Robert Garcia The practice of TS doing that was years. Its just surprising that the team listed the coin in the exchange after knowing they scam practices.
I love CREX24, Bitradio 10 coins is fair, not great but fair. Crex24 support was always great.
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> the majority of delisted coins they delist , their blockchain working , just the communities refused to cooperate within scamming people they trust that communities with TS criminals
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> that the point mate and hope you got my point
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> @Robert Garcia I understand the point. I hope your'll get justice and I hope guys on hush withdraw there coins as soon as it comes online.
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia>
[dscrd-hush] <Robert Garcia> I think Hush team is take awareness now against that suspicious and shady activities, we should learn from previous lessons i think , and that awareness already within Hush Family Here


[gecode-users] Benchmarks comparing Gecode to other systems?
Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist
zayenz at gmail.com
Thu Apr 7 14:20:38 CEST 2011
Hi,
We used to have benchmarks against a few other systems (ILOG Solver, SICStus
Prolog, Mozart/Oz), but decided not to maintain those anymore. The purpose
of the benchmarks was to show that Gecode is a system with at least
competitive performance. We felt that it was no longer useful to do these
detailed comparisons.
For some interesting results comparing different modern systems, see the
results from the MiniZinc competition. Also, when comparing different
systems it is very important to remember the lessons from
'On Benchmarking Constraint Logic Programming Platforms. Response to
Fernandez and Hill's “A Comparative Study of Eight Constraint Programming
Languages over the Boolean and Finite Domains”',
Mark Wallace, Joachim Schimpf, Kish Shen and Warwick Harvey
(http://www.springerlink.com/content/gn1h43w83721m667/)
Cheers,
Mikael
2011/4/7 Jonathan Skovhus Andersen <jonathanskovhus at gmail.com>
> Hi,
>
> Does anyone know where I can find benchmarks comparing Gecode to other
> system. I have read several places that they should be on Gecode.org, but I
> can't find it.
>
> /Jonathan Skovhus.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Gecode users mailing list
> users at gecode.org
> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
>
>
--
Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist, http://www.ict.kth.se/~zayenz/
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Implementation of Path Finding Algortihm
Made for studies as a part of subject "Algorithms and Data Structures". After I had bought book about JavaFX Framework, I made for this programme simple GUI to make it more complex
Phrase Finder
As name suggest this programme find every appearance of specified word i catalog of files. I wrote this programme to make finding certain variables or words in numerous files easier and faster. Of cource I could find every appearance in other way but i wanted to make something usefull in java for myself
Conway simulator
Implementation of popular game "Game of life" with rules based of these created by John Conway. In this program you can define "alive" cells by mouse and later on by button create next "generation" of living cells. Program was originally created as a part of subject "Fundamentals of computer simulations" as simple example of one of the first topics during semester.


Manually Obtain Letsencrypt Certificate for Websites
There are sometimes you need your website to have Https connection. The most common to get a free certificate is to use Let's Encrypt. Setting up a certificate with shell access on the same machine is pretty easy. But Certbot requires you to have root privileges.  A work around is to use manual mode on another machine where allows you to sudo
.
Installation
Letsencrypt requires Certbot to work. So the first step is to install certbot
:
sudo dnf install certbot
Setup
Do the following to obtain the certificate:
1. sudo certbot certonly --manual -d
DOMAIN NAME
- e.g. sudo certbot certonly --manual -d affairs.ccu.edu.tw
2. Choose the Webroot plugin
3. Fill in your email, so that when the certificate is almost expired they will send a notification to you.
4. A string, xxx.ooo
, will be asked to be placed at .well-known/acme-challenge/xxx
. if you are using Laravel as the framework, you can simply write the following in routes/web.php
:
1 2 3 4 | Route::get('.well-known/acme-challenge/xxx', function() {
echo "xxx.ooo";
return;
});
|
Congratz! You have now obtained a valid certificate for your website!
Renew
Certificates from Let's Encrypt expires after 90 days. Be sure to renew the Certificate before due date. Execute certbot renew
and all your certificate setup on this machine will be renewed. Also, it is recommended to setup crontab
to automate this process.


{% include meta.html %}
Home | Residential Service | Commercial Services | Gallery | Demos | Brands | Blog | Demo Sale | Contact Us
Copyright © West Coast Audio Video Gallery | 408 Terminal Ave Vancouver, BC V6A 0C1, Canada TEL<PHONE_NUMBER> FAX<PHONE_NUMBER>


Now that we've built a model that ensures the structural correctness of our file system, we can begin to analyze operations that mutate file systems. Let's begin with a function to define the move operation. But first, a philosophical note...
In an imperative model, you might ask yourself "how can I make X happen?". In a declarative model (like Alloy), you ask yourself "how would I recognize that X has been accomplished?".
One reflection of this is that functions in Alloy only ever
evaluate to true or false. In an imperative
language, you might make the move function take a
file system, an object to be moved, and a directory to move it to
as arguments, and then have it return a new file system where that
object has been moved to that directory. What we do in Alloy is
to make all those things arguments to the function, including the
'output'. The function then returns true if the output parameter
is valid given the input parameters, and false if it is not. If
we later say "make sure this function is always true", then you
will only get back examples where valid moves occur.
1. pred move [fs, fs': FileSystem, x: FSObject, d: Dir] {
2. (x + d) in fs.live
3. fs'.parent = fs.parent - x->(x.(fs.parent)) + x->d
4. }
The predicate move is true if file system fs' is the result of moving file system object x to directory d in file system fs. In this function, we can think of file system fs as the pre-state and fs' as the post-state, but the prime character has no semantic meaning in and of itself. Although it would be confusing, we could have named the pre-state fs' and the post-state fs.
Line 2 stipulates that the object to be moved and the destination directory of the move must both exist in the pre-state file system. Line 3 is a little tricky. It states that the parent relation in the post state is the same as the pre state, except that the mapping from x to x's old parent is replaced by the mapping from x to x's new parent d.
We can view an example of a move by adding the following command
to our model and then executing it.
run move for 2 FileSystem, 4 FSObject
Now let's add an assertion to give us confidence that the
move is correct. The following check claims
that the move operation does not
alter the set of objects in the file system.
moveOkay: check {
all fs, fs': FileSystem, x: FSObject, d:Dir |
move[fs, fs', x, d] => fs'.live = fs.live
} for 5
The above syntax combines the definition of an assertion with the scope you intend to search for. And it's equivalent to the following longer form:
assert moveOkay { all fs, fs': FileSystem, x: FSObject, d:Dir | move[fs, fs', x, d] => fs'.live = fs.live } check moveOkay for 5
If you go to the Executes menu item in the menu bar, and select moveOkay, Alloy Analyzer will report that there is no counterexample to this assertion within a scope of 5.
Our move predicate seems to work fine, so let's
move on to writing a remove predicate. In fact, we will write two
remove predicates: one to remove a single file or empty directory,
and one to perform recursive removal:
1. pred remove [fs, fs': FileSystem, x: FSObject] {
2. x in (fs.live - fs.root)
3. fs'.parent = fs.parent - x->(x.(fs.parent))
4. }
1. pred removeAll [fs, fs': FileSystem, x: FSObject] {
2. x in (fs.live - fs.root)
3. let subtree = x.*(fs.contents) |
4. fs'.parent = fs.parent - subtree->(subtree.(fs.parent))
5. }
Line 2 is the same in remove and removeAll. It stipulates that the file system object to be deleted, x, must be in the pre-state file system, fs, but that it cannot be the root of fs. Certainly, it doesn't make sense to delete a file from a file system if it isn't there; nor does it make sense to delete the root of a file system (since we require all file systems to have roots).
Line 3 of remove constrains the post-state file system to be the same as the pre-state file system, except with the mapping from x to x's parent removed.
Line 3 of removeAll uses a let statement. A
let statement acts as a macro replacing the right-side of the
assignment wherever the left-side of the assignment appears. That
is, lines 3 and 4 desugar to (and are interpreted by Alloy as) the
following:
fs'.parent = fs.parent - (x.*(fs.contents)) -> (x.*(fs.contents)).(fs.parent)
Because it is just syntactic sugar, the let construct is never necessary, but it can make Alloy model more understandable.
The expression on the right hand side of the assignment, x.*(fs.contents), is the set of files and directories obtained by following the contents relation in file system fs zero or more times starting at file system object x. In other words, it is the set of all file system objects in the subtree rooted at x. Thus, this constraint states that the parent relation in the post-state file system is the parent relation in the pre-state minus all mappings from objects in the subtree to their parents.
Now let's verify the correctness of our remove functions with
assertions. Our assertions claim that the functions to do not
alter the root of the file system; that the rows in the contents
relation of the post-state is a subset of the rows in the
pre-state; and that they remove exactly the objects they should.
removeOkay: check {
all fs, fs': FileSystem, x: FSObject |
remove[fs, fs', x] => fs'.live = fs.live - x
} for 5
and
removeAllOkay: check {
all fs, fs': FileSystem, d: Dir |
removeAll[fs, fs', d] => fs'.live = fs.live - d.*(fs.contents)
} for 5
Alloy produces a counterexample for each of these commands; so the assertions must not be true. But before we even begin to inspect the counterexamples, let's first lower the scope of the check commands to 4, recompile, and execute the commands again. Again, alloy produces counterexamples. Then we try a scope of 3, then 2, and finally 1. It turns out the smallest scope in which a counterexample still exists is 2. It is typically helpful to progressively lower the scope on the check commands until no more counterexamples are found.
We will examine and correct these errors in the next lesson.


This is a library used by some of the other LINQ samples.
The NorthwindMapping.DBML file in this project generates the custom CLR classes used to access the underlying SQL Server database. By changing the properties in the designer for NorthwindMapping.DBML, you can modify the classes that are generated and ensure that you have the exact datatypes and object relationships that you want. You can see the resulting classes by looking at the generated code-behind file, NorthwindMapping.designer.cs.


QEC2007: game over
March 6 2007, 3:48 PM
The Queen's entrepreneurship Competition is over now.
And with a bit of disappointment, we come empty hands back home.
The award ceremony. As you can see, it was really a jetset like event ;-)
Everything had started so well though. On Friday, the first round of the competition, there were two pools of 8. And we finished first of our pool. So we were selected to participate to the final on Saturday with five other teams.
As most of the selected teams, we didn't party Friday night. Instead, we came back at the hotel to tweak our prototype.
We eventually finished it and we couldn't wait to show it to the panel of judge.
We did the same keynote then the day before. We just added the presentation of the prototype and the audience was thrilled.
The audience, except the jury.
Their very first question was: "Hummm... I'm sorry but I don't think I've understood very well. What's the product you are selling?".
Which is the worst question ever you can get receive after a 20-mn keynote about your business plan.
The think is that that jury was less Web 2.0 oriented and they didn't get the opportunity.
The pain has we have described it (the fact that 40M people do have a webcam but they just can do one application with them), didn't sound to them as it did with the previous jury.
Most of them probably don't have a webcam at home.
The presentation room for the final (Saturday morning)
So we should have presented it other way. With a security point of view only. So, it's definitely our fault.
And that's the reason why we are really disappointed.
Especially when we see the reaction of the public (majority of university students). They were all thrilled about our idea.
Even one was almost asking us an autograph since he was so convinced we were going to be the next YouTUBE. And many asked us my blog's address to keep in touch with the next steps of our project.
But still, we really learned A LOT during this weekend.
It really worth it to be there and to get the comments on our business plan by the most famous business man of Canada (the CEO of Westjet, CEO of Coca-Cola Canada, and many others as famous).
Technorati Tags: business plan, Queen's, QEC


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Page not found :( The requested page could not be found.
Should there be a page here? Is if so, please let me know!


Quality control flags
At the moment there are 29 QC flags, numbered from 1 to 30 with disabled flag (qc 8, 9 and 20).
1. OBIS data format: are the required fields from the OBIS Schema completed?
2. Taxonomy: is the taxon name matched to WoRMS?
3. Taxonomy: is the taxon level genus or lower?
4. Geography (lat/lon): are the latitude/longitude values different from zero?
5. Geography (lat/lon): are the latitude/longitude values within their possible boundaries? (world coordinates)
6. Geography (lat/lon): are the coordinates situated in sea or along the coastline (20 km buffer)?
7. Completeness (date/time): is the sampling year (start/end) completed and valid?
10. OBIS data format: is the 'Basis of Record' documented, and is an existing OBIS code used?
11. Completeness (date/time): is the sampling date (year/month/day; start/end) valid?
12. Completeness (date/time): if a start and end date are given, is the start before the end?
13. Completeness (date/time): if a sampling time is given, is this valid and is the time zone completed?
14. Completeness (presence/abundance/biomass): is the value of the field 'ObservedIndividualCount' empty or >0?
15. Completeness (presence/abundance/biomass): is the value of the field 'Observedweight' empty or >0?
16. Completeness (presence/abundance/biomass): is the field 'SampleSize' completed if the field 'ObservedIndividualCount' is >0?
17. OBIS data format: is the value of the field 'Sex' empty or is an existing OBIS code used?
18. Geography (depth): is minimum depth <= maximum depth?
19. Geography (depth): is the sampling depth possible when compared with GEBCO depth map (incl. margin)?
21. Species outliers (environment/depth): is the observation within six MADs from the median depth of this taxon?
22. Species outliers (environment/depth): is the observation within three IQRs from the first & third quartile depth of this taxon?
23. Species outliers (environment/SSS): is the observation within six MADs from the median sea surface salinity (SSS) of this taxon?
24. Species outliers (environment/SSS): is the observation within three IQRs from the first & third quartile sea surface salinity (SSS) of this taxon?
25. Species outliers (environment/SST): is the observation within six MADs from the median sea surface temperature (SST) of this taxon?
26. Species outliers (environment/SST): is the observation within three IQRs from the first & third quartile sea surface temperature (SST) of this taxon?
27. Species outliers (geography): is the observation within six MADs from the distance to the geographic centroid of this taxon?
28. Species outliers (geography): is the observation within three IQRs from the first & third quartile distance to the geographic centroid of this taxon?
29. Dataset outliers (geography): is the observation within six MADs from the distance to the geographic centroid of this dataset?
30. Dataset outliers (geography): is the observation within three IQRs from the first & third quartile distance to the geographic centroid of this dataset?
Vandepitte, L., Bosch, S., Tyberghein, L., Waumans, F., Vanhoorne, B., Hernandez, F., ??? Mees, J. (2015). Fishing for data and sorting the catch: assessing the data quality, completeness and fitness for use of data in marine biogeographic databases. Database, 2015, bau125???bau125. doi:10.1093/database/bau125


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SensorVis Focus+Context: Time Series Visualization Prototype
Controls:
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory


contact lead
draft proposal
collect payment
sales pitch
dept meeting
review client files
complete develepoment form
email john
sign off expense report
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Client name:
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Monthly Income:
Real estate: Adress
Type of proeprty: Personal Home
purchase price: $$$
mortgage payements: $
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Type of proeprty: Personal Home
purchase price: $$$
mortgage payements: $
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Calculate the CO2 production of the food you eat!
Just select the ingredient, quantity in pounds and the continent of its origin and press ADD.
Because of these ingredients:
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
BASIL
This amount of CO2 is produced:
During production: 0.45 kg
During transportation: 0.23 kg
This amount of CO2 is within the limits of the norm


A group session to write a mission statement or long-term goal. North star. etc
Group agreement over a single version of this for us to use as a reference throught the rest of the activity.


Los Angeles is a city sited in the West Coast. The population is 4 milion people who lives in an area of 1,302 km squared. The average temperature high is 29 degrees celsius an the average low is 16 degrees.
Venice Beach is one of the most important turistic place, in fact there are a lot of shops that face the sea. The Hollywood neighbourhood is famous all around the world for beign the most important cinematic city where a lot of actors and directors live. The Santa Monica Luna Park is also a very important park.
+ Venice Beach
+ Hollywood
+ Santa Monica Luna Park
Silver Lake, Los Feliz, Downtown and Hollywood are the coolest neighbourhood in Los Angeles for the nightlife. There are a lot of cinemas and bars with music and very nice drinks.
L.A is the most populous city in California and the second most populous city in the United States. There are a lot of luxury neighbourhood where vips have their mansions like Bel Air or Beverly Hills.


home
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Nikita Ramoji
about
I’m Nikita, a
product manager at YouTube
, a '20 graduate of Brown University, and a current resident of San Francisco.
YouTube (Main App)
Product Manager
(April '22-Present)
Google
Associate Product Manager
(2020-2022)
Apple (
Siri
)
Product Manager Intern
(2019)
Yelp
Software Engineering Intern
(2018)
Intel
R&D Intern
(2017)
Brown University
Meta-URA
(2019-2020)
Brown HCI Lab
Student Researcher
(2018-2019)
CS for Social Change
President & Founder
(2017-2018)
Brown University
CSCI1951i HTA & Creator
(2017-2018)
experience
contact me


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If the US government responded to the Occupy Wall Street movement by implementing a large policy program that Australia already has – Occupy Wall Street would declare victory and go to the pub!
Pollytics in an incredibly well researched and visualised article on just how well Australia is doing despite the general perceived hardship.
Beautifully demonstrates the ridiculousness of the occupy movements in Australia.


Harvest Vases are a reinterpretation of peeled fruits and vegetables as functional objects. The surfaces appear to be sliced and pulled aside, allowing room for growth.
78$


The class LogObjectPtr implements automatic reference counting for LogObject objects. More...
#include <logobjectptr.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| LogObjectPtr () | |
| LogObjectPtr (const LogObjectPtr< T > &rOther) | |
| LogObjectPtr (T *pLogObject) | |
| LogObjectPtr< T > & | operator= (const LogObjectPtr< T > &rOther) |
| ~LogObjectPtr () | |
| LogObjectPtr< T > & | operator= (T *pLogObject) |
| T * | operator-> () const |
| T & | operator* () const |
| operator T * () const |
The class LogObjectPtr implements automatic reference counting for LogObject objects.
| Log4Qt::LogObjectPtr< T >::LogObjectPtr | ( | ) | [inline] |
Constructs a 0 LogObject pointer.
| Log4Qt::LogObjectPtr< T >::LogObjectPtr | ( | const LogObjectPtr< T > & | rOther | ) | [inline] |
Constructs a LogObject pointer that points to the same object then rOther. The reference counter of the object is incremented by one.
| Log4Qt::LogObjectPtr< T >::LogObjectPtr | ( | T * | pLogObject | ) | [inline] |
| Log4Qt::LogObjectPtr< T >::~LogObjectPtr | ( | ) | [inline] |
Destructs the object. The reference counter of the object the LogObjectPtr points to is decremented by one.
| Log4Qt::LogObjectPtr< T >::operator T * | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Cast operator. Cast the object to the LogObject the object points to.
| T & Log4Qt::LogObjectPtr< T >::operator* | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Dereference operator. Returns a pointer to the LogObject the object points to.
| T * Log4Qt::LogObjectPtr< T >::operator-> | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Arrow operator. Returns the LogObject the object points to.
| LogObjectPtr< T > & Log4Qt::LogObjectPtr< T >::operator= | ( | const LogObjectPtr< T > & | rOther | ) | [inline] |
Assignment operator. Sets the LogObject pointer to point to the same object that rOther points to. The reference counter of the object the LogObjectPtr pointed to before the assignment is decremented by one. The reference counter of the object rOther is pointing to is incremented by one.
| LogObjectPtr< T > & Log4Qt::LogObjectPtr< T >::operator= | ( | T * | pLogObject | ) | [inline] |
Assignment operator. Sets the LogObject pointer to point to the object pLogObject. The reference counter of the object the LogObjectPtr pointed to before the assignment is decremented by one. The reference counter of the object pLogObject is pointing to is incremented by one.