A little history of philosophy by Nigel Warburton
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Subscribe!Overall rating: 9/10 Recommended if: you want to start reading about philosophy Level: Easy, intro-level.
Summary
In short (heh), a great introduction, covering a lot of philosophers. I liked it better than whatever I’ve read of The Story of Philosophy. Sometimes I wonder if Nigel accidentally misrepresented/misfocused what philosophers stood for to ensure transitions between chapters were smooth (for eg:- I’ve seen Locke contrasted with Hobbes in the past, but could draw no such contrast here). The transitions were really smooth though and I am glad I was exposed to many interesting (and some useless) ideas. Gives one a good base to start thinking from.
Daily log/chapter notes
Plan to update the notes as I learn more about the philosophers and think about philosophy
Feb 17 2019
Starting with “A Little History Of Philosophy” by Nigel Warburton. Over the next few weeks, hope to read this and other books on Philosophy (Plato, Will Durant) while keeping an open mind.
I will be the first to admit that right now my view on philosophy is not particularly favourable. I think of it as something started with laudable goals (to understand the world) that resulted in what we today call science (which aims at explaining the world through verifiable experiments after making reasonable guesses). As a result, I think philosophy has little place in the world today.
However, given many of my friends (whose intellect I respect) have spent time with this subject, and many people in the public sphere also sing praises of this field (Susan Fowler), I feel like I should dive in with an open mind and seek to understand the field, and correct any gaps I have in my understanding as stated in the previous paragraph. The one place I think philosophy could still contribute is in the field of ethics. Defining why something is moral and good and should be followed is out of the purview of the physical sciences, but would benefit us as it would lead to a more harmonious society.
Feb 18 2019
Intro with Socrates, Plato, Aristotle & Pyrrho.
Socrates seemed like he was just really invested in asking questions, and showing that morality is not as obvious as one may think it to be.
Plato with his insistence on “The Forms” (you only know the form of a perfect circle, you never think about real circles) tries to say that only by understanding the abstract (the divine, maybe) can you understand reality.
Aristotle went in the opposite direction and essentially focused on the world around us. In doing so, I guess he birthed the sciences.
Pyrrho’s theories seem similar to Buddhist philosophy at times (desire is what harms you, so do not desire much), but he went full tilt in the opposite direction and decided to act, well, stupidly. While I thought “Pyrrhic victory” might draw its etymology from Pyrrho, looks like all he lent his name to was his dumb theory. Should be getting to Stoicism tomorrow, which should be good.
 What makes one a philosopher seems to be quite vague. There seems to be no common attribute other than spouting ideas. Some of these hypotheses aren’t what I’d call cogent, which I think should be a necessary but not sufficient condition to merit further discussion.
Summarized: The stoics are the most reasonable. The christian philosophers spew nonsense. Machiavelli’s words are applicable even today (with the brutality toned down) and Hobbes has some interesting ideas about society.
Epicurus talked about not needing to fear death, as that is not something you would experience. This is something I’ve thought about earlier and makes sense to me. He also talks about past experiences giving you pleasure in painful times, which I do not think makes sense. I think that only makes your present experience worse. Also, although his name lends itself to the adjective “epicurean”, he states you should have simple desires (some say the adjective came about due to his critics trying to mock/defame him).
The Stoics seem the most reasonable to me so far. Paraphrased they seem to say, “Do not worry, for if what perturbs you is under your control, change it. If not, nothing can be done anyway, so why worry? In other words, change how you react to it.” I think living by that could bring one great joy.
The next few were Christian philosophers, and I find it very hard to gain insights from what they say.
Augustine went toe-to-toe with theodicy (if a good god exists, why is there evil?). His answer (to allow humans to have free will) does not seem to answer the question for me. Why would a good god prefer having bad people with free will to a good world without free will? I know if I created a world with robots, I would want the robots to be nice to each other rather than having them kill each other.
Next up is Boethius who further contemplates the question of how we even have free will if god knows everything (including what happens next). His solution to this is also utterly dumb to me (god is timeless) as he has just done what students would do in school when asked a question they do not know how to answer (out of syllabus). Also, this necessitates requiring a further assumption to the previous assumption (with no evidence for either) which hints at one heading down the wrong path.
Now, we get to Anselm who says god exists because we can imagine an existence of a perfect being. My existence of this being is thoroughly incomplete, as evidenced by the points above, and besides, even if it wasn’t, I don’t see how the conclusion follows from the premise.
Aquinas, who was a saint, is the last of the christian philosophers for the day, who talks about the “first cause” argument. This is the argument I’ve heard of most often, and something I’ve thought about in school. Back then, I resolved that introducing god as a first cause did not solve any problems posed by this argument. My view on that has not changed since then. This also lines up quite nicely with the way Boethius dealt with things by marking any troubling questions (what caused god?) as part of the definition of god itself and beyond the purview of further questioning.
Machiavelli’s ideas marks a turn in philosophy, and I am not entirely sure what philosophy is anymore. The chapter is primarily about his advice to rulers (be as bad as you need to, and only as good as you need to appear). I think this advice fits a lot of real-world contexts quite nicely (people gaming systems). For example, I had an acquaintance that lied on all sorts of forms to get into a coveted college. The college made no real effort to verify the claims (most colleges don’t) and admitted the candidate for he had a glorious profile. I wondered how many missed admissions to institutes due to candidates like this chap.
Hobbes is the first I see (Socrates, Plato and Aristotle may have, but it wasn’t detailed in this book) to talk about the need for a society. He says without a society men would be horrible towards each other (killing & stealing), which the author seems to paint as a cynical view, but I find quite reasonable. He then goes on to say that this is the reason we need a ruler. The author ends saying Hobbes was against democracy and for authoritarian rule, but given what was said, I do not see how/why Hobbes would be against a group of men ruling themselves. Hobbes also mentions that you couldn’t trust friends as they could betray you at any time, but I fail to see how trusting a ruler is any different.
Feb 20 2019
The issue with philosophy seems to be that these philosophers come up with a scenario where you can’t prove what happens, but in inexplicable fashion, they then choose to assume that the exact opposite of what is supposed to happen is what MUST happen.
Descartes was similar to the skeptics in that he chose to distrust everything since we cannot prove what is real. He ended up with “I think therefore I am”, but who is to say you/your thoughts are real either (going by his logic)? Blaise Pascal comes up with what I’d call “the chicken’s approach”. He says assume you are right and that there is no god, no hell, no heaven. Then, for believing in something that does not exist, you face little penalty. However, if god did exist, then you incur his wrath by disbelieving and will end up in hell. My problem with this is, by that logic, you can be forced to believe in an insane number of things as long as you add the clause “if you do not believe in this, you will suffer years of torture far in the future”. In fact, it is definitely the cause of a lot of suffering (in number) in today’s world due to religious fanaticism. The second issue with this is that why would you want to believe in such a god anyway? Where your only choice is to believe? What kind of psychotic, sadistic game is this - not too dissimilar from what we see in the horror movie series Saw.
Baruch Spinoza espoused a more animist view, believing that god exists in nature (as opposed to a christian god). I think it is striking how many christian philosophers there are and the prominence they hold (in this book, and so, in western philosophy I assume). Spinoza also was the first one (in this book) to put forward the idea that life is mostly deterministic. Recent studies (if I remember right - IIRR), show that life is mostly deterministic, except for some quantum phenomena happening in your brain that causes randomness. So, no real free will, but a random determinism. I expect if we understand quantum theories better, we may end up at complete determinism, but that’s just wild speculation on my part.
Feb 21 2019
Locke connected the idea of a person to his memory. For example, you are the same person you were yesterday because you remember what the person that you were yesterday did. This may seem pointless, but can be interesting when thought of in a judicial context. For example, should a man be punished for a crime he doesn’t remember committing? Is that the same person? Thomas Reid thought this creates complications as an old man may be able to remember himself as a middle-aged man, but not as a baby despite him as a middle-aged man having known what he did as a baby.
Locke also believed in the existence of secondary qualities, like the colour of objects (subject to change under different lighting) and primary qualities (the object itself) which must exist in the real world. Berkeley believed that there only exist ideas (and so was an idealist - vs a realist). He believed that perception is what made things exist.
Jan 21 2021
Berkeley and Locke
Locke used to believe in empiricism. Berkeley believed that something exists only as long as it is observed, and that things we perceive are only the idea of the thing not the thing itself. Locke believed that primary qualities resembled the real world but other qualities were basically what we perceived it to be. Berkeley did away with this inconsistency and said everything is perception.
Berkeley explained away optical illusions saying the ‘idea’ (in case of optical illusions) breaks down at some point (for example, a stick that looks bent but when pulled out of the water & felt, isn’t).
Voltaire wrote Candide to parody Leibniz’ beliefs. Pangloss, a character in the book would see everything that happened as happening for the good.
However, he was a deist believing nature proved god’s existence.
Voltaire ends the book saying one should cultivate their garden, meaning philosophy is all well and good, but one should be able to do some practical, real-world work too.
Jan 22 2021
Hume thought the design argument did not show that the world was designed, nor that ‘god’ designed it, nor did it ascribe any values (other than designer) to god. He thought miracles were just falsely reported incidents or lies.
Rousseau influenced Robespierre. He came up with the idea of the Social Contract - that man is born free, but society puts him in chains (by causing competition). He talks about the general will, which is what a person “wants” (not in the way we think, but meaning what he “should” want). And what if someone was opposed to the general will? Then Rousseau thinks he should be “made” free (uh-oh!). Contrasts with John Stuart Mill who believed political freedom is being allowed to make your own choices.
Kant - rose-tinted glasses. Focused on metaphysics (noumenal/phenomenal) and also morality. According to Kant, the noumenal world refers to the ‘real’ world, while the phenomenal world is what we perceive (I frankly think these kind of distinctions are useless to draw - to us, what we perceive is what is real). Synthetic knowledge is synthesized/created from existing knowledge. For example: All animals have tails & all dogs are animals lets us know that all dogs have tails (synthetic). Analytic knowledge is things that “are” (definitions). For example: All men are male. A priori knowledge is knowledge that is independent of experience. Locke (empiricist) believed a child is born with a blank slate (Is this similar to nature v/s nurture?). OTOH, Descartes believed a priori knowledge existed.
Kant’s morality - main idea was that what one does should be applicable without any conditions. So, for example, he believed one should NEVER, EVER, EVER lie. Differed from Aristotle in that Aristotle expected morality to arise out of feelings, whereas for Kant it was independent of feelings.
Bentham came up with utilitarianism - you should just do what makes you happy. And then went a little crazy with it by assigning points & scores for things that make you happy versus not. He believed society should be ruled to increase this score for society as a whole (the idea of a nutcase, if you ask me). One unique thing about his idea - everyone’s happiness counted the same (no matter whether aristocrat or peasant). One of the first to give value to animals. One cool thing: he thought of a panopticon prison (to shame people into being moral?!)!
Hegel thought that history was unfolding in a certain way. Concluded that the mind shaping reality is reality (what I said earlier - maybe I’m half a philosopher ;)). He thought a thesis followed by an antithesis leads to a new better position (synthesis). Didn’t fully understand the rest of this chapter (like how this counts as philosophy). He thought only philosophers get this, so makes sense I guess (I’m also half not a philosopher ;)) .
Jan 24 2021
Schopenhauer was Hegel’s contemporary. People mostly flocked to Hegel instead. Talked about “Will” (similar to noumenal world) and “Representation”. A pessimist.
John Stuart Mill was brought up with dedicated tutors and followed Bentham’s philosophy. He disagreed however, that all happiness was equal. For him, for example, a pig rolling in the mud experienced lesser happiness than someone experiencing saying they experienced greater joy winning a chess game because the pig could never know what it would be like to win a chess game. He wrote On Liberty which stated every person should develop as they see fit (in society). In short, political freedom without being told what you should/shouldn’t do. Came up with “harm principle” - do what you want as long as it doesn’t harm others. But, what if it harms you yourself? Well, that is your choice acc. to JSM. Important point that may be relevant for today’s times, he clearly stated that to him offence != harm. One of the first to stand up for feminism. All in all, seems like an outstanding dude.
Darwin - skipping, since I am very familiar with his work. Was surprised to see that he was a nobody (and on track for being a nobody) till the famous HMS Beagle trip.
Kierkegaard wrote Either/Or. A choice between the aesthetic (life of pleasure) or ethics (life of morals). His book was shaped by his life.
Marx. Skipping stuff I know. He thought that the world heading a certain way was inevitable. He believed violence was necessary as the rich were unlikely to give up power without a struggle. Wrt the communist states (failed) that existed, some say it is inevitable for communism to succeed since humans are greedy & competitive.
Peirce and James. Peirce was a pragmatist, he basically said we should not ponder useless questions (similar to A J Ayer). But then, it looks like he started saying useful beliefs were “true”? That makes little to no sense to me.
Rorty: ’truth is what your contemporaries let you get away with’ & thought world was not anymore correct about anything today (compared to the past).
Jan 25 2021
Nietschze - morals don’t exist. People make up morals to favour others like them - which is why bravery was lauded in ancient Greece but ones slaves took over, kindness to one another and charity was what was lauded. He also believed society was unequal (some people are better than others - an idea we still debate today) & personally preferred the morals of ancient Greece.
Freud - invented psychoanalysis, by asking his patients to talk freely about what was on their mind. Came up with some wacky theories (Oedipus complex) & unconscious desires and generally non falsifiable theories (at least acc. to Popper).
Russell - Based on MIll’s “What caused god?” argument, he rejected the idea of a god. He was super rich, and loved math. He came up with the idea of paradoxes (barber’s paradox). Came up with subsistence (the “existence” of imaginary things). “The present king of France is (or is not) bald” are both false statements since France doesn’t have a king. Breaking this statement down reveals the truth (beginnings of math + philosophy -> logic).
A J Ayer - pragmatism-like. If a statement was neither true by definition nor could be verified, it was meaningless (like “does god exist?” - igtheism). Supposedly this was borrowed from Hume. He also thought moral judgments are useless (for example: Gluttony is good/bad) for the same reason. By this, he meant we couldn’t use these values to decide issues. Interestingly, according to his own theory, his own theory is meaningless!
Sartre - we are completely free and we can decide exactly what we want to do/feel. It is the choice that causes anguish & having to live with the consequences of the choice. His open-relationship partner, Simone de Beauvoir thought the same (women don’t have to be a “certain” way, and can do whatever they want). He also thought life has no meaning/point and that we give it meaning through our choices. A very individualistic theory, but later tried to combine it with Marxism (while high on amphetamines).
Jan 26 2021
Wittgenstein - didn’t really understand his ideas. Something about having a private language and how that is not possible.
Hannah Arendt - basically thought Eichmann was following the rules & so was not ’evil’ evil. Her insight is that blindly following rules/laws can be evil (laws != morality). A nice line here “Heidegger was busy writing an incredibly difficult book that some people think is a major contribution to philosophy and others a deliberately obscure piece of writing.”
Popper believed scientists tried to prove that their theories are false (rather than trying to prove them true). As long as they don’t prove it false, the theory holds. Until Popper, scientists/philosophers thought the way to prove something was to find more supporting evidence. Anytime something is shown false, new info is gained.
Popper also thought Maxism was unfalsifiable (since everything would be seen as a class struggle - I guess of different classes?).
Kuhn disagreed with Popper & believed that there were paradigm shifts (earth goes around the sun) every now and then that caused learning to happen, and the time in between is spent doing ’normal science’ (establishing the new understanding).
Foot created the trolley problem. Law of Double Effect (predictable bad side effects with a noble main aim is fine). Judith J Thomson talked about the question of abortion being right/wrong by comparing it to a violinist being plugged to you (not sure about the quality of this argument - the violinist’s life is not due to you). The main reason for the analogy is to highlight principles underlying arguments for/against it seems.
Jan 27 2021
John Rawls believed that society should be equal. That people are mostly equal and richer/more successful people are so mainly because of luck. He came up with the idea that to create an ideal society, you assume equal probability of you being in each “bucket” (rich/poor, successful/not, etc.). He thought there are some inalienable rights people have (freedom of belief, to vote, etc.). He also thought if there was inequality, it should favor the less-privileged (how do we define that? Maybe we can define it for a few explicit cases and allow those?). Inspired Michael Sandel, Thomas Pogge, M Nussbaum & Will Kymlicka.
Turing (skipping) Searle - thought computers could not be “smart” since they are just running instructions (syntax) without understanding (semantics).
Peter Singer - skipping since familiar, introduced animal ethics strongly (first person after Bentham).


Los Angeles sheriff says 13-year-old boy arrested for threatening to shoot fellow students and ...
LOS ANGELES - LOS ANGELES (AP) - Los Angeles sheriff says 13-year-old boy arrested for threatening to shoot fellow students and teachers at his school.
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Rory McIlroy two shots off DP World Tour Championship lead ahead of final round
McIlroy headed into the weekend six shots off overnight leader Lorenzo-Vera after following his opening 64 with a 74 on Friday.
Rory McIlroy climbed to within two strokes of joint leaders John Rahm and Mike Lorenzo-Vera at the DP World Tour Championship in Dubai after shooting a third-round 65.
McIlroy headed into the weekend six shots off overnight leader Lorenzo-Vera after following his opening 64 with a 74 on Friday, but hit back by posting five birdies and an eagle on the seventh hole in a bogey-free round.
The Northern Irishman sits third, on 13-under, two shots behind Rahm and Lorenzo-Vera after producing the round of the day.
Spaniard Rahm hit seven birdies and one bogey for a 66 and Frenchman Lorenzo-Vera dropped a shot on the 18th after four birdies to finish with 69.
Lorenzo-Vera had led by three shots at the end of the second round, but is now tied with Rahm, while Tommy Fleetwood sits four shots back in fourth place on 11-under after three birdies and a bogey in a third-round 70.
Belgium’s Thomas Pieters is fifth after carding a second-successive 68, one ahead of Sweden’s Marcus Kinhult, who also hit 68 on Saturday.
Danny Willett jumped six places and into contention in joint-seventh place – seven shots behind the leaders – after a 67, which would have been even better had he not bogeyed the last.
Fellow Englishman Matthew Fitzpatrick climbed eight places into joint ninth after a 68, while the biggest movers of the day were Sergio Garcia and Andy Sullivan, who rose to joint 11th after both posted 67s.


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Copyright © 2000 W3C ® (MIT, INRIA, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing rules apply.
This document outlines the requirements for a CC/PP framework, vocabulary, and trust model, and provides an overview of an architecture that satisfies these requirements. It represents the current consensus of the working group.
This document is a working draft made available by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for discussion only. This indicates no endorsement of its content. This is work in progress, representing the current consensus of the working group, and future updates and changes are likely.
The working group is part of the W3C Mobile Access activity. Continued status of the work is reported on the CC/PP Working Group Home Page (Member-only link).
It incorporates suggestions resulting from reviews and active participation by members of the IETF CONNEG working group and the WAP Forum UAprof drafting committee.
Please send comments and feedback to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
The goal of the CC/PP framework is to specify how client devices express their capabilities and preferences (the user agent profile) to the server that originates content (the origin server). The origin server uses the "user agent profile" to produce and deliver content appropriate to the client device. In addition to computer-based client devices, particular attention is being paid to other kinds of devices such as mobile phones.
The requirements on the framework emphasize three aspects: Flexibility, extensibility, and distribution. The framework must be flexible, since we can not today predict all the different types of devices that will be used in the future, or the ways those devices will be used. It must be extensible for the same reasons: It should not be hard to add and test new descriptions. And it must be distributed, since relying on a central registry might make it inflexible.
The basic problem that the CC/PP framework addresses is to create a structured and universal format for how a client device tells an origin server about its user agent profile. This work aims to present a container that can be used to convey the profile, and is independent on the protocols used to transport it. It does not present mechanisms or protocols to facilitate the transmission of the profile.
The framework describes a standardized set of CC/PP attributes - a vocabulary - that can be used to express a user agent profile in terms of capabilities, and the users preferences for the use of these capabilities. This is implemented using the XML [XML] application RDF [RDF]. This enables the framework to be flexible, extensible, and decentralized, thus fulfilling the requirements.
RDF is used to express the client device's user agent profile. The client device may be a workstation, personal computer, mobile terminal, or set-top box.
When used in a request-response protocol like HTTP, the user agent profile is sent to the origin server which, subsequently, produces content that satisfies the constraints and preferences expressed in the user agent profile. The CC/PP framework may be used to convey to the client device what variations in the requested content are available from the origin server.
Fundamentally, the CC/PP framework starts with RDF and then overlays a CC/PP-defined set of semantics that describe profiles.
The CC/PP framework does not specify whether the client device or the origin server initiates this exchange of profiles. What the CC/PP framework does specify is the RDF usage and associated semantics that should be applied to all profiles that are being exchanged.
In this section, we describe use cases for the use of a profile to adapt information for presentation by a client. The use cases are intended to describe a number of situations where the CC/PP format can be used; however, they are not an exhaustive list, nor are the behaviour of any element in the use cases described below mandatory. Rather, they represent the working groups best understanding at the time.
Using the World Wide Web with content negotiation as it is designed today enables the selection of a variant of a document. Using an extended capabilities description, an optimized presentation can be produced. This can take place by selecting a style sheet that is transmitted to the client, or by selecting a style sheet that is used for transformations. It can also take place through the generation of content, or transformation, e.g. using XSLT [XSLT].
The CC/PP Exchange Protocol [CCPPex] extends this model by allowing for the transmission and caching of profiles, and the handling of profile differences.
This use case in itself consists of two different use cases: The origin server receives the CC/PP profile directly from the client; the origin server retrieves the CC/PP profile from an intermediate repository.
This use case describes a case where the profile is used by an origin server on the web to adapt the information returned in the request.
The CC/PP Exchange Protocol [HTTPex] creates a modified HTTP GET which carries the profile or the profile difference. The extended content negotiation with the CC/PP Exchange Protocol uses the CC/PP format to describe the device. In this context, no vocabulary has been defined. The existence of the CC/PP Exchange protocol is assumed.
When the interaction passes directly between a client and a server, the process is relatively simple: The user agent sends the profile information with the request, and the server returns adapted information. The interaction takes place over an extended HTTP method, as described in the CC/PP Exchange framework.
When the profile is composed by resolving inline references from a repository for the profile information, the process is slightly more complicated, but in principle the same.
The interactions take place in more steps, but is basically the same:
1: Request from client with profile information.
2: Server resolves and retrieves profile (from CC/PP repository on the network), and uses it to adapt the content.
4: Server returns adapted content.
5: Proxy forwards response to client.
Note that the notion of a proxy resolving the information and retrieving it from a repository might assume the use of an XML processor and encoding of the profile in XML.
In case the document contains a profile, the above could still apply. However, there will be some interactions inside the server, as the client profile information needs to be matched with the document profile. The interactions in the server are not defined. This group will not standardize the matching algorithm. We will standardize the profile system, which is the interface to it.
No formal requirements document has been formulated in this activity. However, the use of the CC/PP Exchange Protocol is assumed.
One requirement is that the integrity of the information is guaranteed during transit.
In the proxy use case, a requirement is the existence of a method to resolve references in the proxy. This might presume the use of an XML processor and XML encoding.
The privacy of the user needs to be safeguarded. This is not a technical requirement, but a societal.
The document profile and the device profile can use a common vocabulary for common features. They can also use compatible feature constraining forms so that it is possible to match a document profile against a receiver profile and determine compatibility. If not, a mapping needs to be provided for the matching to take place.
This use case describes a mixed architecture with an active proxy in the network. The use of CC/PP profiles in the WAP architecture is more fully described in [UAProf].
In the WAP Forum, an architecture optimized for connecting devices working with very low bandwidths and small message sizes has been developed. In version 1.2 of this architecture, a format based on RDF is used to communicate client profile information.
The WAP Forum architecture is based on a proxy server, which acts as a gateway to the optimized protocol stack for the mobile environment. It is to this proxy which the mobile device connects. On the wireless side of the communication, it uses an optimized, stateful protocol (Wireless Session Protocol, WSP [WSP]; and an optimized transmission protocol, Wireless Transaction Protocol, WTP [WTP]); on the fixed side of the connection, it uses HTTP [HTTP/1.1]. The content is marked up in WML, the Wireless Markup Language of the WAP Forum.
The mobile environment requires small messages and has a much narrower bandwidth than fixed environments.
When a user agent profile is used with a WAP device, it looks like this:
The user agent profile is transmitted as a parameter of the WSP session to the WAP gateway and cached; it is then transferred over HTTP using the CC/PP Exchange Protocol [CCPPex], which is an application of the HTTP Extension Framework[HTTPex].
Note that the WAP system uses WML[WML] as its content format, not HTML. This is an XML application, and the adaption could for instance be transformation from another XML format into WML.
The WAP UAPROF group has developed a core vocabulary for mobile devices, as presented in [UAProf].
The WAP Forum went through an extensive requirements gathering process before producing their specifications. The requirements document lists a number of requirements that has been placed on the solution. These have been included in our requirements with the prefix UAprof. For more information, see [UAProf].
Addressing XML fragments
Secure transmission
The Conneg working group in the IETF has developed a form of media feature descriptors, which are registered with IANA. Like the CC/PP format and vocabulary, this is intended to be independent of protocol. The Conneg working group also defined a matching semantics, based on constraints.
The CONNEG framework defines an IANA registry for feature tags, which are used to label media feature values associated with the presentation of data (e.g. display resolution, color capabilities, audio capabilities, etc.). To describe a profile, CONNEG uses predicate expressions ("feature predicates") on collections of media feature values ("feature collection") as an acceptable set of media feature combinations ("feature set"). The same basic framework is applied to describe receiver and sender capabilities and preferences, and also document characteristics. Profile matching is performed by finding the feature set that matches two (or more) profiles. This involves finding the feature predicate that is equivalent to the logical-AND of the predicates being matched. (See RFCs [RFC2506] and [RFC2533] for further information.)
The Conneg system is not dependent on any one protocol, and could conceivably be used in all the use cases above, given that the information set to be matched could be expressed in the Conneg format.
Conneg is protocol independent, but can be used for server-initiated transactions.
Here is what the server-initiated use case would look like:
The Conneg system uses a structured text format to describe the device and its capabilities. This is described in [RFC2533].
The Conneg working group has defined a set of core media features, which are described in [RFC2543]. A comparison of these and the UAPROF features is found in [UAProf].
The Conneg group started its work with developing an extensive requirements document, which is found in [RFC2703]. They are listed as CONNEG in appendix 2.
This use case describes a push situation, where a broadcaster sends out an information set to a device without a backchannel. The server can not get capabilities for all devices. So it broadcasts a minimum set of elements. Or a multipart document, which is then adapted to the optimal presentation for the device.
Television manufacturers desire to turn their appliances into interactive devices. This effort is based on the use of XHTML as language for the content representation, which for instance enables the use of content profiles as seen in 2.2.4.
Unlike the use cases above, a television set does not have a local intelligence of its own, and does not allow for bidirectional communication with the origin server. This architecture also applies to several different device classes, such as pagers, e-mail clients and other similar devices.
It is not the case that they are entirely without interaction, however. In reality, these devices follow a split-client model, where the broadcaster, cable head-end, or similar entity interacts with the origin server, and sends a renderable version of the content to the part of the client which resides at the user site. In this aspect, they resemble the intermediary proxy in 2.5.
There are however also use cases where the entire data set is downloaded into the client, and the optimal rendering is constructed there, for instance in a settop box. This resembles 2.1.4, except that the matching of the document profile with the device capabilities does not take place in the origin server, but in the client. In these cases, the CC/PP client profile will need to be matched against a document profile, representing the authors preferences for the rendering of the document.
The CC/PP profile and the document profile should ideally be in the same format, as described in 2.2.4.
The level of detail in a vocabulary that is intended to enable rendering of information on devices without an intelligence of their own is unclear. See section 6.3 for a further discussion on the vocabulary developed by the group, and possible extensions.
Since this can be seen as a special case of the application of document profiles, no separate requirements have been derived.
This use case describes how an intermediate entity interacts with the profile and the information received in the response.
When a request for content is made by a user agent to an origin server, a CC/PP profile describing the capabilities and preferences is transmitted along with the request. It is quite conceivable that intermediate network elements such as gateways and transcoding proxies that have additional capabilities might be able to translate or adapt the content before rendering it to the device. Such capabilities are not known to the user agents and therefore cannot be included in the original profile. However, these capabilities would need to be conveyed to the origin server or proxy serving/ generating the content. In some instances, the profile information provided by the requesting client device may need to be overridden or augmented.
For instance, consider a user agent that can render gif images. If there is a transcoding proxy in the network that has the ability to convert jpeg images to gif, the proxy can assert this capability to the origin server that may be able to render content only in jpeg. Similarly, a gateway may wish to add information to the profile to override the profile information sent by the requestor, for example, to reflect the policies in place by the network or gateway operator.
CC/PP framework must therefore support the ability for such proxies and gateways to assert their capabilities using the existing vocabulary or extensions thereof. This can be done as amendments or overrides to the profile included in the request. Given the use of XML as our base format, these can be inline references, to be downloaded from a repository as the profile is resolved (see use case 2.2.3).
1. The CC/PP compliant user agent requests content with the profile.
2. The transcoding proxy appends additional capabilities (profile segment), or overrides the default values, and forwards the profile to the network.
3. The origin server constructs the profile and generates adapted content.
4. The transcoding proxy transcodes the content received based on its abilities, and forwards the resulting customized content to the device for rendering.
The CC/PP framework can still be used, given the ability of overrides or amendments. It is also possible that users wish to select attributes that can not be overridden.
No specific vocabulary is necessary to express this use case.
This use case requires that entries can be added to the CC/PP profile.
An implicit requirement is that this takes place in a secure way, safeguarding the integrity of the original profile.
The following assumptions have been identified during the process of the work. These assumptions are basic tenets of the design, as well as assumptions about other elements in the process, such as network elements and origin servers. There are implicit requirements inherent in this, which constitute MUST requirements (e.g. the implication of internationalization on the use of XML).
The basic assumptions are:
Security is here understood to be something else than privacy and trust. Security, in this context, is the safeguarding of the transmitted information in the course of transmission. These problems are usually addressed by the protocol used to carry the information, not the information structure or vocabulary itself. Privacy may be handled using the P3P mechanism of the W3C [P3P]. Integrity of the information is another matter, and is addressed in the requirements under section 4.1.3 below.
These requirements have been derived from the usecases above. But since several efforts exist to produce systems for content negotiation, we have also derived requirements from the work of others, especially the IETF Conneg working group (CONNEG) and the WAP Forum UAPROF Drafting Committee (UAP). Requirements have also been derived from the HTML working group in the W3C (XHTML), and from our own face-to-face meetings (F2F). Requirements have also been derived from experimental implementations presented to the working group (CCPP-IMPL).
The requirements are summarized in the order they impact the deliverables of the working group. However, requirements will typically impact the entire architecture, not one single deliverable. This listing is therefore for convenience only.
In addition, we have derived a set of protocol requirements. While the working group is not chartered to develop a protocol, it is still clear that its work will impact the design of any protocol used in the content negotiation process. These requirements have therefore been highlighted in Appendix 3.
The fulfillment of these requirements are mandatory for the design of CC/PP. They are MUST requirements.
Design goals are not as strong as requirements (SHOULD instead of MUST), and concern the entire architecture rather than a specific part of it.
The goals for the system are as follows:
Desirable features are not mandated, and optional to the design only if we feel like it. In terms of RFC 2119 [RFC2119] they are MAY-requirements.
FW-4: The framework shall allow for the description of preferences for its use, either through an algorithm within the framework or through a set of constraint semantics.
To fulfill the requirements in 3, 4 and 5, the CC/PP working group intend to produce a framework to handle and structure the profile information. The working group will also produce a basic vocabulary and describe how this can be extended (or other vocabularies can be created and referenced). In addition, the trust model for the work will be described in a separate document, as well as implementation issues.
The capabilities of the users client agent, and the preferences for the way the user wants them to be used, are expressed in a profile. The profile is constructed of a set of components that can be used to convey a group of attributes that are in some way related. The profile can consist of URI's that reference information or properties available in other documents or profiles.
The components that are available in a profile, along with the applicable attributes are specified as an instance of an RDF schema [RDF-Schema]. The profile may contain URI's that reference separately provided information or properties. A user agent or intermediary network entity can change the value of a CC/PP attribute. RDF is explained in further detail in section 6.2.
The foundation of RDF is a model for representing named properties and property values. The RDF model draws on principles from various data representation communities. RDF properties may be thought of as attributes of resources and in this sense correspond to traditional attribute-value pairs. RDF properties also represent relationships between resources and an RDF model can therefore resemble an entity-relationship diagram. (More precisely, RDF Schemas which are themselves instances of RDF data models are ER diagrams.) In object-oriented design terminology, resources correspond to objects and properties correspond to instance variables.
The RDF data model is a syntax-neutral way of representing RDF expressions. The data model representation is used to evaluate equivalence in meaning. Two RDF expressions are equivalent if and only if their data model representations are the same. This definition of equivalence permits some syntactic variation in expression without altering the meaning. (See Section 6.6 for additional discussion of string comparison issues.)
The basic data model consists of three object types:
RDF properties may be thought of as attributes of resources and in this sense correspond to traditional attribute-value pairs. RDF properties also represent relationships between resources. As such, the RDF data model can therefore resemble an entity-relationship diagram. The RDF data model, however, provides no mechanisms for declaring these properties, nor does it provide any mechanisms for defining the relationships between these properties and other resources. That is the role of RDF Schema.
Each RDF schema is identified by its own static URI. The schema's URI can be used to construct unique URI references for the resources defined in a schema. This is achieved by combining the local identifier for a resource with the URI associated with that schema namespace. The XML representation of RDF uses the XML namespace mechanism for associating elements and attributes with URI references for each vocabulary item used.
Please refer to the Namespaces in XML [XML-name] document for a complete description of how namespaces can be constructed in XML/RDF.
An RDF schema can declare constraints associated with classes and properties. In particular, the concepts of domain and range are used in RDF schemas to make statements about the contexts in which certain properties "make sense". Although the RDF data model does not allow for explicit properties (such as an rdf:type property) to be ascribed to Literals (atomic values), we nevertheless consider these entities to be members of classes (e.g. the string "John Smith" is considered to be a member of the class rdfs:Literal.) We expect future work in RDF and XML data-typing to provide clarifications in this area.
An RDF model that violates any of the consistency constraints specified in this document is said to be an inconsistent model. The following constraints are specified: rdfs:domain and rdfs:range constraints on property usage, the rule that rdfs:subPropertyOf and rdfs:subClassOf properties should not form loops, plus any further consistency constraints defined using the rdfs:ConstraintResource extensibility mechanism. Different applications may exhibit different behaviors in the face of an inconsistent model.
Some examples of constraints include:
RDF schemas can express constraints that relate vocabulary items from multiple independently developed schemas. Since URI references are used to identify classes and properties, it is possible to create new properties whose domain or range is constrained to be a class defined in another namespace.
The RDF Schema uses the constraint properties to constrain how its own properties can be used. These constraints are shown below in figure 7. Nodes with bold outlines are instances of rdfs:Class.
Please refer to the RDF Schema [RDF-schema] for a more complete description of RDF Constraints.
A CC/PP profile describes client capabilities in terms of a number of "CC/PP attributes", or "features". Each of these features is identified by a name in the form of a URI. A collection of such names used to describe a client is called a "vocabulary".
CC/PP defines a small, core set of features that are applicable to wide range of user agents, and which provide a broad indication of a clients capabilities. This is called the "core vocabulary". It is expected that any CC/PP processor will recognize all names in the core vocabulary, together with an arbitrary number of additional names drawn from one or more "extension vocabularies".
When using names from the core vocabulary or an extension vocabulary, it is important that all system components (clients, servers, proxies, etc.) that generate or interpret the names all apply a common meaning to the same name. It is preferable that different components use the same name to refer to the same feature, even when they are part of different applications, as this improves the chances of effective interworking across applications that use capability information.
Within an RDF expression describing a device, a vocabulary name appears as the label on a graph edge linking a resource to a value for the named attribute. The attribute value may be a simple string value, or another resource, with its own attributes representing the component parts of a composite value.
+-------------+ +------------+ | Resource |---attribute-name--->| Attribute | | | | value | +-------------+ +------------+
Simple string values may be used in comparison constraints [Ref-CCPP-format-document], which may interpret the attribute value as a textual or numeric value.
Vocabulary extensions are used to identify more detailed information than can be described using the core vocabulary. Any application or operational environment that uses CC/PP may define its own vocabulary extensions, but wider interoperability is enhanced if vocabulary extensions are defined that can be used more generally; e.g. a standard extension vocabulary for imaging devices, or voice messaging devices, or wireless access devices, etc.
Any CC/PP expression can use terms drawn from an arbitrary number of different vocabularies, so there is no restriction caused by re-using terms from an existing vocabulary rather then defining new names to identify the same information.
As indicated above, CC/PP attribute names are in the form of a URI. Any CC/PP vocabulary is associated with an XML namespace, which combines a base URI with a local XML element name (or XML attribute name) to yield a URI corresponding to an element name. Thus, CC/PP vocabulary terms are constructed from an XML namespace base URI and a local attribute name; e.g. the namespace URI:
http://w3c.org/ccpp-core-vocabulary/
and the core vocabulary name:
type
are combined to yield the attribute name URI:
http://w3c.org/ccpp-core-vocabulary/type
Anyone can define and publish a CC/PP vocabulary extension (assuming administrative control or allocation of a URI for an XML namespace). For such a vocabulary to be useful, it must be interpreted in the same way by communicating entities. Thus, use of an existing extension vocabulary is encouraged wherever possible, or publication of a new vocabulary definition containing detailed descriptions of the various CC/PP attribute names.
Many extension vocabularies will be drawn from existing applications and protocols; e.g. WAP UAPROF, IETF media feature registrations, etc.
CC/PP expresses the user agent capabilities and how the user wants to use them.
XHTML document profiles[XHTML-docprof] express the required functionalities for what the author perceives as optimal rendering, and how the author wants them to be used.
The same mechanisms can be used to describe the document profile as the device capabilities profile, i.e. the framework described in section 6.2 combined with an extension vocabulary as described in 6.3.1 expressing the specific functionalities. This can, for instance, reflect the XHTML modules used, copyright issues, etc.
It is quite conceivable that when a device profile is expressed in CC/PP, it will have to be matched with a document profile expressed in a different format to achieve the adaption of content described above. This means that either of the profiles has to be translated to either the format of the other, or both to a common format.
In the scope of this activity, we will not discuss the translation of CC/PP profiles to other formats. We will regard the CC/PP format as the common format, to which other profile formats have been mapped (other groups are of course welcome to create converse mappings; we are trying to work out how this would work in the scope of our activity).
The interactions would work as follows:
This group will also describe how to map a different format to the CC/PP format, using the Conneg vocabulary as an example.
[CC/PP] Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP): A user side framework for content negotiation
[CCPPex] CC/PP exchange protocol based on HTTP Extension Framework
[FAX-conneg] Content Negotiation for Facsimile Using Internet Mail
[HTTPex] HTTP Extension Framework
[Dsig] XML-Signature Syntax and Processing
[P3P] Platform for Privacy Preferences P3P Project
[P3P-Syntax] Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P1.0) Syntax Specification
[RDF] Resource Description Framework, (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification
[RDF-Schema] Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema Specification
[RFC2543] RFC 2543 : Media Features for Display, Print, and Fax
[RFC2506] RFC 2506 : Media Feature Tag Registration Procedure
[RFC2533] RFC 2533 : A Syntax for Describing Media Feature Sets
[RFC2703] RFC 2703 : Protocol-independent content negotiation framework
[RFC2738] RFC 2738 : Corrections to 'A syntax for describing media feature sets'
[RFC2246] RFC2246 : The TLS Protocol Version 1.0
[RFC2119] RFC 2119 : Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels
[RFC2045] RFC 2045 : Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions(MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies
[RFC2396] RFC 2396 : Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax
[UAProf] User Agent Profiling Specification 10-Nov-1999
[WSP] WAP Wireless Session Protocol Specification
[WTP] WAP Wireless Transaction Protocol Specification
[WML] WAP Wireless Markup Language Specification
[WTLS] WAP Wireless Transport Layer Security Specification
[WBXML] WAP Binary XML Content Format Specification
[XHTML-docprof] XHTML Document Profile Requirements - Document profiles - a basis for interoperability guarantees
[XML] Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0
This document has been edited by the editors, but the real credit goes to the CC/PP working group, especially those members who provided input to this document, listed below:
Anne Owen, Nortel
Barry Briggs, Interleaf
Chris Woodrow, Information Architects
Franklin Reynolds, Nokia
Graham Klyne, Content Technologies Ltd.
Hidetaka Ohto, W3C/Panasonic
Johan Hjelm, W3C/Ericsson. Working Group Chair.
Kynn Bartlett, HTML Writers Guild
Lalitha Suryanarayana, SBC Technology Resources
Mikael Nilsson, Ericsson. Editor.
Noboru IWAYAMA, Fujitsu
Sandeep Singhal, IBM. Chair WAP Forum UAProf DC.
Ted Hardie, Equinix
Ted Wugofski, Gateway2000
Ulrich Kauschke, T-Mobil
This is a listing of design assumptions, design goals, and requirements used in our work to derive the requirements in section 4 of the document.
(Note: The CONNEG goals are in an unordered list in the original document)
This section describes the requirements the CC/PP working group have been able to identify that applies to the protocol used to transport the information and/or perform the negotiation between the client and origin server. Since the CC/PP framework itself is intended to be independent from protocols, the protocol which conveys CC/PP information could be based on or extend a protocol of any kind such as HTTP, SMTP, LDAP etc.
The CC/PP information can be transported in in other messaging formats, for instance included in an email, sent on a backchannel, or out of band (either the head or the body) for describing the required capabilities of the recipient. How to convey content negotiation information in the extended MIME headers is being worked on the Internet FAX Working Group in the IETF [FAX-conneg].
The use case that is most likely (given that 80% of all Internet traffic is HTTP), is the use case where a web user agent sends a request with CC/PP information, and an origin server or intermediaries creates or selects tailored content, and includes the tailored content in the response. The use of HTTP has been a design assumption in the work.
Given this, the protocol requirements are as follows.
Assuming a protocol based on HTTP 1.1, the following applies:


| I l@ve RuBoard |
As mentioned earlier in the chapter, a COM object registers itself with a unique identifier. Whenever COM needs a truly unique identifier, it uses a globally unique identifier or GUID. A GUID is a 128-bit number, generated using a complex algorithm and the unique ID burnt into a computer's network interface card, which makes it statistically improbable the same number will ever be generated twice.
New GUIDs can be created from Python code using the following code:
>>> import pythoncom >>> print pythoncom.CreateGuid() {FA21CDC1-381F-11D3-8559-204C4F4F5020}
Python prints the GUID using the standard hexadecimal representation inside braces, and this same format is used everywhere an ASCII representation of a GUID is required.
GUIDs are used for a variety of purposes in COM; we have already discussed how they function as CLSIDs to uniquely identify object implementations, and in later chapters you'll see them put to use in a variety of different ways.
| I l@ve RuBoard |


Play a big chunk of Dragon Quest Builders 2 with the Jumbo Demo
'Hours of gameplay' on Switch and PS4
by Jordan DevoreSquare Enix is giving Dragon Quest Builders 2 fence-sitters a chance to play the game for a matter of "hours" with a new Jumbo Demo that's out this week on Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4.
The demo doesn't just span the introductory Isle of Awakening – it also lets you loose in the next zone, Furrowfield, and your save data will transfer to the full version of the game should you opt to buy it.
Dragon Quest Builders 2 has been buried in my "someday" pile, but a generous demo could be the push I need to prioritize it over other backlog games. I loved DQB1, but it was long-winded. I'm not in a rush to play another big crafting-heavy sandbox RPG adventure, even if CJ gave it the nod of approval.
"It's easy for me to say [DQB2] is a good game because it'd be a lie for me to say otherwise. The groundwork laid by the first title is still sound, but it just didn't grab me the same way its predecessor did. That doesn't mean I'm going to stop playing anytime soon – I still have my home island to complete – but it does mean it's not going to get my undivided attention for weeks-on-end like the first game."
The Jumbo Demo could be my jumping-off point. Also, jumbo – what a wonderful word.


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Quiz
1.Which is the Capital of Sri Lanka?
Sri jayawardhanapura,kotte
Matara
Kandy
Jaffna
2.How many provinces have Sri Lanka?
10
9
8
24
.How many district have Sri Lanka?
50
24
25
12
4.Where is the Sigiriya?
Central province
Southern province
Western province
Eastern province
5.What is hikkaduwa popular?
for coral reefs
for rain forest
for religious place
for Gems
6.Where is the Temple of tooth?
Colombo
Kandy
Matara
Jaffna
7.Which is the longest river in Sri Lanka?
Mahawali
kalani
kalu
Nilwala
8.Which is the currency of Sri Lanka?
yen
Rupee
Taka
bahl
9.Which is the highest point in Sri Lanka?
Pidurutalagala
Hakgala mountain
Knuckles
Bible Rock
10.Who is the president of Sri Lanka?
Mahinda Rajapaksa
Gotabaya Rajapaksa
Namal Rajapaksa
Sajith Premadasa
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---
title: Knife Handle
year: 2016
description: White walnut, finished in linseed oil and lacquer.
---
{% include resimg.html src="knife/angle.jpg" class="with-viewer" %}
{% include resimg.html src="knife/closed-vertical.jpg" class="with-viewer" %}
{% include resimg.html src="knife/line-vertical.jpg" class="with-viewer" %}
{% include resimg.html src="knife/closed.jpg" class="with-viewer" %}
{% include resimg.html src="knife/details.jpg" class="with-viewer" %}
{% include resimg.html src="knife/open.jpg" class="with-viewer" %}
{% include resimg.html src="knife/parallel.jpg" class="with-viewer" %}


Min set to fly the flag for Willie Mullins in John Durkan Memorial Chase at Punchestown
Successful in the race last season, Min went on to win further Grade Ones at Leopardstown and Aintree
by Press AssociationMin is likely to spearhead Willie Mullins' quest for another win in next month's John Durkan Memorial Chase at Punchestown.
Successful in the race last season, Min went on to win further Grade Ones at Leopardstown and Aintree.
While Mullins also has Gold Cup winner Al Boum Photo, Douvan, Chacun Pour Soi and Un De Sceaux entered up on December 8, he has nominated Min as the most likely of his runners.
"Min could start off in the John Durkan," said Mullins.
"We were delighted with his performance at Aintree last season over two and a half miles, and we're looking forward to getting him started again. We have other entries but will decide closer to the time."
Another who could reappear in the race is Pat Kelly's Presenting Percy, who picked up an injury in the Gold Cup when he last ran.
Owner Philip Reynolds said: "It's so far so good with him - and the plan is to head to the John Durkan Chase, all being well.
"He still has an important few weeks ahead of him, and the next week or so will be crucial. All being well, he will start off at Punchestown, but we'll keep our fingers crossed between now and then."
Gordon Elliott has five entries - including Delta Work - and his mare Shattered Love, who returned to winning ways recently, could aim to go one better than last year.
"We've got plenty of options for the John Durkan and we will just see how things go over the next few weeks - but hopefully we will be well represented," said Elliott.
"Shattered Love had a lovely confidence booster in a mares chase at Clonmel last Thursday, and that should have done her the world of good.
"She ran very well in the Durkan last year, and I hope we can get her back there in the same form this year."
There is one entry from Britain among the 23, Ruth Jefferson's Waiting Patiently. The last non-Irish-trained winner was Paul Nicholls' Noland in 2008.
If you haven't already, be sure to like our Irish Mirror Sport and Irish Mirror GAA pages on Facebook and follow us on Twitter.
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It all started on a Saturday morning. I and two of my friends 'G' and 'A' had planned this for a week to get loaded and just have fun. I had heard all the stories about being drunk at school and said to myself 'I had to try this'. So I get up and go out for the whole morning coming back and recieving 'the call' from my friend. So I ask my Mom to take me over (I'm 15 yrs. old at this time) and she says to me 'Aren't you gonna eat dinner'. DAMN! This is what I didn't want as I want to keep my stomach empty, as I heard an empty stomach increases drunkeness. So i scarf down a small pizza and out the door I go.
I arrived at 'A's' house and he had some stuff to do so while he did that my other friend 'G' arrived with the booze by bike. On the list of liquids we had to consume it was:
Me = Colt .45 (1.5 Litres), 1 Vodka Juice bottle
A = Vodka (1 Pint), Pop Mix
G = Vodka Juice, Strawberry Darquiris
I had chosen Colt .45 because as a teenager I have very limited finances($5 for it). Plus there are stories of how 1 bottle of it gets you very 'plastered'. There is one very down side effect to it, its taste has been compared to 'rat piss'.
So once with got all together we went back to A's camp in the woods. We sat down on a stolen coach and matress' and started to drink. About a quater of the way through my bottle I said 'this ain't doin nothing'(I'm a pretty big guy so that may be a reason). So I started to walk out of the camp to get some air about 30 minutes into it. This is when it started to kick in, my vision went to slow motion as I turned my light-head. I soon sat down again, 'A' told a story about his brother opening a door and that just set us off laughing for about 4 minutes straight. As we consumed more liquids 'A' pulled out his combat knife and stabbed the coach, this bewilderd me so I tried it and laughed. 'G' not wanting to be left out took the knife and demolished a press-wood table with constant blows.
Warning: Don't keep sharp objects around drunks.
So as I get to the bottom quarter of the bottle we decide to go wander the community for fun. Before we could do that 'G' felt the need to climb the camp. Being made by 15 year old boys it wasn't the safest structure. As soon as he reached the roof a 18' inch diameter log with a spike in it came crashing down missing my head with the nail striking the bottle. Out of my superior judgement all I cold say was 'My Colt!' as I picked up the the bottle and drank the remaining contents.
It is now 1 hour into the experiences and we try to make our way out of the woods so we start to walk and come to a 70 degree climb. My friend made it up no problem where as my body chooses the prime time to give out half way up.  I made a seconded attempt and ended crawling up the path.
As we came to the streets my friends told me to act 'cool' as to not alert neighbors. I said okay, but it seemed my way of doing this involved tellin my body directly out loud. As we walked down the street I was playing therapist with my body. Once that was done I noticed that my view was slanted and I realized my walk was off as I tripped over a crub onto some guys lawn.
Strangley, during this whole experience there was two 'me's' one being the wacked out drunk, and the other being the sensible scientific mind. For about a half hour I tried to comprehend this phenomenah through words but to no avail. As we walked some more we came along a 11 yr. old kid on a bike. We started to talk for a while and convinced him to come to the woods with us. When we arrived we gave him two shots of vodka. Well, this gave us another companion to roam the night with. We tried riding his bike but ended up leaning and only going in circles.
We soon took to the streets again and we with me walking ability soon tumbled over another curb, only this time it led to a ditch where only my head submerged into a small swamp. As I pulled my soaked head out of the marsh my friends just laughed. So we continued to walk around until 'A' decided to go in so then it was left to 'G' and me to walk home. We took this time to sober up but not before stealing some guys bags of leaves and throwing it off a bridge.
So I finally made it to a phone where I called my Dad to pick me up. I still had a small buzz but not much as I got into the car. My Dad asked me why I was coming home so I made up some excuse bout 'A' getting into a fight with his brother. We got home and as I tried to walk up my steps inside the house where i fell. Luckily my Dad wasn't in yet and i quickly went to the bathroom. That's when I saw IT. Half of my hair was sticking up in mow-hawk fashion. It was from the marsh incident and it had hardened into a point and I had been driven home like that.
So I deduced that my parents knew i now drank so I said 'use it to your favour' and now I do it about once every 4 months.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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Wine glasses are beautiful, and often very delicate. If your wine glasses are made out of crystal, they cannot be washed in the dishwasher like ordinary glasses, and will require extra special care. This article will show you a few different ways of cleaning wine glasses, as well as how to remove stubborn stains.
Steps
Method 1Cleaning Crystal Wine Glasses
1
Hold the glass carefully by the bowl and not by the stem. The stem is fragile, and the glass can break easily if you hold it by that. Instead, cup your hand around the bottom of the bowl, with your fingers to either side of the steam.
This method will also work for regular wine glasses.
If you are cleaning painted or glittered wine glasses, use this method.
2
Rinse the glasses in lukewarm to hot water. If the water is too hot for you, it is likely too hot for the wine glass; water can cause glass to crack if it is hot enough. Sometimes, this is all that is needed to clean the glass.
3
Wipe the glass clean with a long-handled sponge. Avoid sticking your hand into the glass itself, or you will risk breaking the glass. Instead, find a soft sponge attached to a long, plastic handle. Focus your cleaning on the places that get the most dirty, such as the rim, the bottom of the glass, and the outside of the bowl.
Do not use steal wool or a scouring pad.[1] Also, avoid using anything with stiff, plastic bristles. All of these can scratch the surface.
4
Use a mild, odorless dish soap if needed. Usually, a simple rinse and light buffing with a soft sponge is all that is needed. If the wine glass is especially dirty, however, you might need to use a mild dish soap. You will not need a lot; a small drop will be enough.
Try to use a low-alkaline detergent, if possible.[2]
5
Rinse each glass well, inside and out, with hot water. Be sure to get rid of any soap residue. Crystal absorbs odors and flavors easily. If you don't rinse the wine glass well enough, your next glass of wine might have a slight soapy flavor.
6
Place the wine glass upside down on a soft towel so that it can air dry. The soft cloth will help protect the rim from the hard surface of your counter or table.
7
Dry the glasses with a soft, lint-free towel if you live in an area that has hard water. This will help prevent any hard water stains. Use a soft, lint-free cloth, such as microfiber.
8
Know that some stains may be permanent. Crystal is a very porous material. It absorbs flavors and is easily damaged. If the crystal wine glasses have turned foggy because they were cleaned in the dishwasher at some point in time, the damage is permanent. The heat of the dishwasher would have baked the detergent into the glass.
Method 2Cleaning Regular Wine Glasses
1
Choose short-stemmed wine glasses made out of glass. Do not use this method for crystal wine glasses, or for wine glasses with long, delicate stems. Also, do not use this method for painted or glittered wine glasses.
2
Plan on washing the glasses separate from the rest of your dishes. Do not load them in with anything that is very dirty or greasy. The grease can get on the glasses and smear them.[3]
3
Place the glasses upside down on the top rack, and space them so that they are not touching. Try to have about a hands width between each glass. This will lessen the chances of the glasses bumping against each other and chipping.
4
Use a small amount of odorless detergent. The less detergent you use, the better. Also, try to use a mild, low-alkaline detergent. Do not add any rinse-aid. Rinse-aid may help prevent water stains, but it will also leave behind a chemical residue that will affect the flavor of your next glass of wine.[4]
If the wine glasses are stained, consider adding half a wine glass of white vinegar into the wash cycle.[5]
5
Use a short, gentle cycle. If you can, try to use a lower water temperature setting as well. The higher the water temperature, the more likely your wine glasses will be to crack.
6
Skip the drying cycle. Instead, open the door at the end of the cycle to let the glasses air dry without humidity.[6]
7
Dry the glasses by hand if you live in an area with hard water. Gently wipe them dry with a soft, lint-free cloth (such as microfiber), and put them away.
Method 3Steam Cleaning Wine Glasses
1
Bring a pot of water to a boil over the stove. Fill a pot with water and place it on the stove. Turn the stove on to high and wait for the water to begin boiling. This method is generally safe for wine glasses made out of crystal or glass. It may not be safe for painted or glittered wine glasses, however.
2
Hold the wine glass upside down above the water. Slip the stem between your fingers loosely so that the base is resting on your hand.
3
Wait until the steam covers the wine glass. If the steam is not covering the glass, try bringing it closer to the water. Do not let the glass touch the water, however, or it may crack.
4
Wait a few moments, then take the glass away. The hot steam will have sterilized the glass.
5
Wipe the wine glass off with a soft, lint-free towel. Choose a soft cloth, such as microfiber, and wipe down the inside and outside of the glass.[7]
Method 4Removing Stubborn Stains
1
Line the bottom of plastic container with a soft cloth.  The soft cloth is important, as it will help protect the wine glass from getting scratched.
This method is great for glasses that have turned foggy. It is also good for tough wine stains.
Do not use this one painted or glittered wine glasses. Soaking these glasses in water for long periods of time can cause the paint or glitter to flake off.
2
Fill the bowl with warm water. Use just enough water so that the wine glass will be covered if you put it in.
3
Add five tablespoons of white vinegar. The vinegar will dissolve any wine or mineral residue. If you can't find any vinegar, you can use some baking soda or washing soda instead. Make sure that the washing soda or baking soda are completely dissolved; any remaining specks may scratch the glass.[8]
Washing soda will help remove cloudiness, but it may not remove wine stains. Baking soda will work the same way, just not as well.
4
Lay the wine glass down in the container. The wine glass should be completely submerged. If it isn't, add some more warm water.
5
Wait one to two hours before removing the wine glass.[9] This will give the acids in the vinegar enough time to dissolve the stains.
6
Rinse the glass using fresh water. Hold the glass by the bowl. Do not hold it by the stem, especially if it is a crystal wine glass. The stem is very fragile, and may break. If the wine glass is still foggy, it is possible that the damage is permanent. Wine glasses, especially those made from crystal, often turn foggy if they are washed in the dishwasher.[10]
7
Set the wine glass upside down on a soft, lint-free cloth to air dry. Spread the cloth over your table or counter. Set the wine glass upside down on it. If you live in an area that has hard water, you might want to dry the glass off by hand using a soft, lint-free cloth instead.


class ConfigOptions extends AnyRef
Collection of methods for `Config` interface allowing to get optional values from it instead of exceptions if value is missing of has wrong type.
- Alphabetic
- By Inheritance
- ConfigOptions
- AnyRef
- Any
- by any2stringadd
- by StringFormat
- by Ensuring
- by ArrowAssoc
- Hide All
- Show All
- Public
- All
Instance Constructors
-
new
ConfigOptions(config: Config)
Creates new instance of
ConfigExt
wrapping provided config object.Creates new instance of
ConfigExt
wrapping provided config object.- config
Original config object.
Value Members
-
final
def
!=(arg0: Any): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
final
def
##(): Int
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
def
+(other: String): String
- Implicit
- This member is added by an implicit conversion from ConfigOptions to any2stringadd[ConfigOptions] performed by method any2stringadd in scala.Predef.
- Definition Classes
- any2stringadd
-
def
->[B](y: B): (ConfigOptions, B)
- Implicit
- This member is added by an implicit conversion from ConfigOptions to ArrowAssoc[ConfigOptions] performed by method ArrowAssoc in scala.Predef.
- Definition Classes
- ArrowAssoc
- Annotations
- @inline()
-
final
def
==(arg0: Any): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
final
def
asInstanceOf[T0]: T0
- Definition Classes
- Any
-
def
clone(): AnyRef
- Attributes
- protected[java.lang]
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @native() @throws( ... )
-
def
ensuring(cond: (ConfigOptions) ⇒ Boolean, msg: ⇒ Any): ConfigOptions
- Implicit
- This member is added by an implicit conversion from ConfigOptions to Ensuring[ConfigOptions] performed by method Ensuring in scala.Predef.
- Definition Classes
- Ensuring
-
def
ensuring(cond: (ConfigOptions) ⇒ Boolean): ConfigOptions
- Implicit
- This member is added by an implicit conversion from ConfigOptions to Ensuring[ConfigOptions] performed by method Ensuring in scala.Predef.
- Definition Classes
- Ensuring
-
def
ensuring(cond: Boolean, msg: ⇒ Any): ConfigOptions
- Implicit
- This member is added by an implicit conversion from ConfigOptions to Ensuring[ConfigOptions] performed by method Ensuring in scala.Predef.
- Definition Classes
- Ensuring
-
def
ensuring(cond: Boolean): ConfigOptions
- Implicit
- This member is added by an implicit conversion from ConfigOptions to Ensuring[ConfigOptions] performed by method Ensuring in scala.Predef.
- Definition Classes
- Ensuring
-
final
def
eq(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
-
def
equals(arg0: Any): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
def
finalize(): Unit
- Attributes
- protected[java.lang]
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws( classOf[java.lang.Throwable] )
-
def
findBoolean(path: String): Option[Boolean]
Searches for
scala.Boolean
at path.Searches for
scala.Boolean
at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getBoolean-java.lang.String-
-
def
findBooleanList(path: String): List[Boolean]
Searches for
scala.Boolean
list at path.Searches for
scala.Boolean
list at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getBooleanList-java.lang.String-
-
def
findBytes(path: String): Option[Long]
Searches for
size in bytes
asscala.Long
at path.Searches for
size in bytes
asscala.Long
at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getBytes-java.lang.String-
-
def
findConfig(path: String): Option[Config]
Searches for `Config` at path.
Searches for `Config` at path.
- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getConfig-java.lang.String-
-
def
findConfigList(path: String): List[_ <: Config]
Searches for `Config` list at path.
Searches for `Config` list at path.
- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getConfigList-java.lang.String-
-
def
findConfigMap(path: String): Map[String, Config]
Searches for associative array with string keys and `Config` values at path.
-
def
findDouble(path: String): Option[Double]
Searches for
scala.Double
at path.Searches for
scala.Double
at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getDouble-java.lang.String-
-
def
findDoubleList(path: String): List[Double]
Searches for
scala.Double
list at path.Searches for
scala.Double
list at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getDoubleList-java.lang.String-
-
def
findDuration(path: String): Option[Duration]
Searches for
scala.concurrent.duration.Duration
at path. -
def
findFiniteDuration(path: String): Option[FiniteDuration]
Searches for
scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration
at path. -
def
findInt(path: String): Option[Int]
Searches for
scala.Int
at path.Searches for
scala.Int
at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getInt-java.lang.String-
-
def
findIntList(path: String): List[Int]
Searches for
scala.Int
list at path.Searches for
scala.Int
list at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getIntList-java.lang.String-
-
def
findList(path: String): Option[ConfigList]
Searches for `ConfigList` at path.
Searches for `ConfigList` at path.
- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getList-java.lang.String-
-
def
findLong(path: String): Option[Long]
Searches for
scala.Long
at path.Searches for
scala.Long
at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getLong-java.lang.String-
-
def
findLongList(path: String): List[Long]
Searches for
scala.Long
list at path.Searches for
scala.Long
list at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getLongList-java.lang.String-
-
def
findNumber(path: String): Option[Number]
Searches for
java.lang.Number
at path.Searches for
java.lang.Number
at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getNumber-java.lang.String-
-
def
findNumberList(path: String): List[Number]
Searches for
java.lang.Number
list at path.Searches for
java.lang.Number
list at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getNumberList-java.lang.String-
-
def
findObject(path: String): Option[ConfigObject]
Searches for `ConfigObject` at path.
Searches for `ConfigObject` at path.
- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getObject-java.lang.String-
-
def
findObjectList(path: String): List[_ <: ConfigObject]
Searches for `ConfigObject` list at path.
Searches for `ConfigObject` list at path.
- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getObjectList-java.lang.String-
-
def
findString(path: String): Option[String]
Searches for
java.lang.String
at path.Searches for
java.lang.String
at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getString-java.lang.String-
-
def
findStringList(path: String): List[String]
Searches for
java.lang.String
list at path.Searches for
java.lang.String
list at path.- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getStringList-java.lang.String-
-
def
findURI(path: String): Option[URI]
Searches for
java.net.URI
at path. -
def
findURL(path: String): Option[URL]
Searches for
java.net.URL
at path. -
def
findValue(path: String): Option[ConfigValue]
Searches for `ConfigValue` at path.
Searches for `ConfigValue` at path.
- See also
http://lightbend.github.io/config/latest/api/com/typesafe/config/Config.html#getValue-java.lang.String-
-
def
formatted(fmtstr: String): String
- Implicit
- This member is added by an implicit conversion from ConfigOptions to StringFormat[ConfigOptions] performed by method StringFormat in scala.Predef.
- Definition Classes
- StringFormat
- Annotations
- @inline()
-
final
def
getClass(): Class[_]
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- Annotations
- @native()
-
def
hashCode(): Int
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- Annotations
- @native()
-
final
def
isInstanceOf[T0]: Boolean
- Definition Classes
- Any
-
final
def
ne(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
-
final
def
notify(): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @native()
-
final
def
notifyAll(): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @native()
-
final
def
synchronized[T0](arg0: ⇒ T0): T0
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
-
def
toString(): String
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
final
def
wait(): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws( ... )
-
final
def
wait(arg0: Long, arg1: Int): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws( ... )
-
final
def
wait(arg0: Long): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @native() @throws( ... )
-
def
→[B](y: B): (ConfigOptions, B)
- Implicit
- This member is added by an implicit conversion from ConfigOptions to ArrowAssoc[ConfigOptions] performed by method ArrowAssoc in scala.Predef.
- Definition Classes
- ArrowAssoc


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Cycling | Education | Emacs | Exercise | Politics | Reading | Ruby | Sysadmin |
A radical manifesto for teaching computing
Starting in primary school, children from all backgrounds and every part of the UK should have the opportunity to: learn some of the key ideas of computer science; understand computational thinking; learn to program; and have the opportunity to progress to the next level of excellence in these activities.
via A radical manifesto for teaching computing | Education | The Observer.
Racist behaviour is illegal and should be stopped regardless of what state the victim is in.
When Fabrice Muamba collapsed during a recent match one jerk, named Liam Stacey, started tweeting racist abuse. Muamba wasn't aware of this, as he was unconscious and being resuscitated. However, the judicial system rightly saw this racist behaviour as worthy for the perpetrator to serve time in prison.However, when a young black person was stopped by the police and racially abused, and recorded that abuse, the Crown Prosecution Service deemed it unnecessary to bring any charges against the police officer because the victim didn't suffer any distress from the racist behaviour. The guardian reports how the officer threatened the victim and used racially abusive language, just like Stacey above, but how the CPS deems it unnecessary to prosecute. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/mar/30/police-racism-black-man-abuse
So, Muamba can be unconscious and the courts can sort out the racist behaviour in 2 weeks, but a guy can be physically assaulted (he alleges he was strangled and the officer admitted to it on a recording taken on a mobile phone).What is the difference? Why does the CPS seemingly protect frontline officers who abuse the public? What is the agenda here?What difference does it make if the victim is distressing or not? Racist behaviour is illegal and should be stopped regardless of what state the victim is in.Solidarity for those on strike today
Not many people would know it today, as the media has not really picked up on it (apart from the Guardian) - but teachers in London were on strike today. They are asking for their pensions to be protected as they are well funded and the current coalition government has refused to carry out a review of how well the pensions are funded, which should happen every 4 years.Whilst parents will be annoyed that their children have had to have a day off, would they support a reduction in their own working practices, or would they fight for what they agreed to when they started the job?What is more, this government wants to 'reign in' public sector pensions to prevent rising costs to the taxpayer, but at the same time, offers a reduction in tax for those earning the most (the 50% rate). Why should hard working teachers, nurses, ambulance drivers pay up more for their pension, when the most wealthy in society are receiving a tax break?Are we all in this together, or, has Cameron finally revealed the true colours of the Tory-led government?
After work refreshments
Christine Blower - "teachers are being taxed"
Teachers will have to contribute 50% more to their pensions over the next three years at a time when top earners can look forward to a cut in the 50p top rate of tax, said Blower.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2012/mar/28/education-system-privatised-2015-union?newsfeed=true
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the and with COVID- patients are that for {background may risk al., etÂ margin {border-style viral immune infections px;} #ffffff;} multiple have not treatment should The Continue dosing from DMTs associated being during infection lymphocyte natalizumab phase potential such their Very complications coronavirus immunosuppressive other respiratory severe was DMT Engl. Yes, disease high more pandemic px; relatively who {font-family Maintenance cladribine depletion first font-size low prolonged sclerosis shedding. than these they virus Med. Suspend Theoretical These This about but double; fingolimod modulators months one result this treated will Elsevier Moderate Scler. also antiviral any based border-color border-width case cause considered continue depending dose higher human infection. ocrelizumab only our patient recommended reconstitution relapsing response solid; therapies there transplant use were {font-style {font-weight /mm COVID-. Disord. For IRT Probably SARS-CoV- Yes active acute bold cell centre clear continous count counts courier; delay em; health hence immunosuppression increased increases infected infectious intermittent less likely management moderate need neurologists neurotropic novel present problem progressive pt;} public recommendations reduce resource safe sclerosisN. start system time tract which your


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/**
* Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
*
* This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*/
module.exports = {
Node: require('./Node'),
JSXElement: require('./JSXElement'),
VariableDeclarator: require('./VariableDeclarator'),
};


Wilbert:
Whew! Thankfully, it's my turn again. The card you drew is:
. The cards on the table are:
[Wilbert]
[ ]
Can I draw my card now?
Tell him to draw a card.


We appreciate all the help we receive from our friends and neighbors in the community. Here is a comprehensive list of camp needs and wants. Please give us a call if you have any questions about specifics and to confirm our current location.


:: com :: sun :: star :: logging ::
|
| interface XLogHandler |
- Base Interfaces
XLogHandler
┗ ::com::sun::star::lang::XComponent
| ::com::sun::star::lang::XComponent |
- Description
- allows life time control for the handler
Disposing the handler effectively means closing the channel
to which the handler forwards the log records.
|
|
- Description
- provides possibilites to send LogRecords to an arbitrary output
channel.
- Since
- OOo 2.3
- See also
- XLogger
|
| Methods' Summary |
| flush |
flushes all buffered output of the handler
|
| publish |
publish the given log record at the handler's output channel.
|
| Attributes' Summary |
| Encoding |
specifies MIME charset name for the encoding to be used by this handler
|
| Formatter |
specifies the formatter to be used by this handler.
|
| Level |
specifies the log level of this handler
|
| Methods' Details |
flush
- Description
- flushes all buffered output of the handler
Log handlers are allowed to buffer their output. Upon flush
being called, they must flush all their buffers.
|
|
publish
- Description
- publish the given log record at the handler's output channel.
- Returns
- true if and only if the record was actually published. A handler
will not publish a record if its log level doesn't meet the handler's
log level, if the record is filtered, or if any other handler-specified
restrictions apply.
|
|
| Attributes' Details |
Encoding
string Encoding;
- Description
- specifies MIME charset name for the encoding to be used by this handler
It depends on the concrete handler implementation whether or not this
parameter is needed.
- See also
- http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets
|
|
Formatter
XLogFormatter Formatter;
- Description
- specifies the formatter to be used by this handler.
|
|
Level
long Level;
- Description
- specifies the log level of this handler
Different handlers can have different log levels, which again might be
different from the log level of the XLogger for which the handlers
are used.
|
|
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Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


ICYMI #217: Huawei Y9s, Honor 9X, Apple’s new iPhone case, & more!
by Nic KerOn today’s episode, we’re going to talk about two new smartphones for the Malaysian market, and there’s a new accessory for the iPhone 11 series that brings added functionality to the phone. And we’re also going to take a look at the Immigration Department’s bust of an online scam syndicate in Cyberjaya.
Without further ado, here are the juice details.
Huawei Y9s coming to Malaysia
A new Huawei smartphone is expected to launch in Malaysia soon, and the good news is that it will have Google Mobile Services, and all of the apps that you’d hope for with an Android—including the Play Store. Here’s a breakdown of the Huawei Y9s.
Honor 9X launched in Malaysia
And the Honor 9X has been launched in Malaysia, and it has some uncanny resemblances to the Huawei Y9s. Pre-orders begin today, with special gifts and pre-order benefits available—including a free Honor Band 5 Sport.
Click here for the full details.
Immigration Department busts online scam syndicate in Cyberjaya
The Immigration Department of Malaysia has busted what appears to be the largest online scam syndicate operated by Chinese nationals in Malaysia, with nearly 1,000 people reportedly arrested.
Read the full story here.
Apple’s new Smart Battery Case
Ever wished you had a physical button to trigger the iPhone’s camera? The latest Smart Battery Case for the iPhone 11 comes with a shortcut, along with up to 50% of improved battery life.


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