Timo Werner transfer warning sent to Man Utd and Liverpool by RB Leipzig chief
Liverpool and Manchester United are both keen on transfer moves for Germany striker Timo Werner in January
by Rich Jones, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/rich-jones/Manchester United and Liverpool have been warned by RB Leipzig that they do not intend to let Timo Werner leave the club.
Werner is spearheading Leipzig's Bundesliga title bid having developed into one of the top strikers in the German top flight.
His fine form has led to increased speculation he could head to the Premier League with Liverpool and United linked with a move.
United are understood to be preparing to hijack Liverpool's move for their long-term target to solve their attacking woes - but Leipzig sporting director Markus Krosche has issued them a clear message by insisting they have no intention to sell.
Addressing speculation surrounding the 23-year-old, Krosche told Bild : "Timo just extended his contract with us recently, and we're not thinking about letting him go at all."
Werner penned a four-year deal at Leipzig in the summer after being heavily linked with domestic rivals Bayern Munich.
A report from Kicker claimed he has a release clause of just €30million (£27m) in his deal, but Bild suggest things are not that straightforward.
They report that his release clause could rise as high as €60 million depending on performances, and it is designed to drop from year to year.
As a result, United and Liverpool may have to splash the cash if they want to try and convince Grosche to change his mind and allow the Germany international to leave.
Having struggled for goals this season, Ole Gunnar Solskjaer sees Werner as a top target to boost their firepower.
Jurgen Klopp, meanwhile, sees Werner as an ideal addition to their powerful front three of Sadio Mane, Roberto Firmino and Mohamed Salah to add an extra dimension as well as more squad depth with a hectic schedule.
Werner bagged another hat-trick at the weekend in an 8-0 thrashing of Mainz, taking his goal tally up to 13 goals in just 15 appearances this term.


---
layout: page
tags: [Jekyll, HADDOCK, Bonvin, Docking, Simulation, Molecular Dynamics, Structural Biology, Computational Biology, Modelling, Protein Structure]
modified: 2014-08-08T20:53:07.573882-04:00
comments: false
image:
feature: pages/banner_software.jpg
---
HADDOCK2.2 manual
FAQ
We will collect here frequently occorring problems and solutions. The following topics are currently available:
What about missing atoms or point mutations?
Missing atoms will be automatically generated by HADDOCK when
generating the topologies and PDB files
of the molecules in the begin directory. This is done when running the generate_X.inp
CNS scripts (these are originally based on the generate_easy.inp script from
the CNS distribution). HADDOCK uses the PDB files defined in the
new.html file. In case of missing residues, chain breaks will be introduced.
When setting up the docking from an ensemble of structures it can happen that single point mutants coordinates files
are available. These can be used as well provided you do the following:
- edit the PDB file and rename the mutated residue to the proper amino acid name
- keep or rename appropriately the matching side-chain atoms
The missing atoms will be generated automatically. It is important to have at least the backbone atoms defined
since their average position will be used as starting point to "grow" the missing atoms.
Always check that the sequence of the various PDB files match!
What about ions?
Some proteins contains ions such as for example calcium. Their inclusion might be important for docking
purposes, in particular for proper electrostatics! In principle, they should be recognized in the
topology generation step provided their name in the PDB file
matches the ion names defined in the ion.top file in the toppar directory. To avoid that a
N- or C-terminal patch be applied to them, they should also be defined in the topallhdg5.3.pep
file (look for the "first IONS" and "last IONS" statements).
Another problem can occur with ions in torsion angle dynamics since they are unconnected single atoms. In the new
HADDOCK 2.X version, for the torsion angle dynamics part of the docking protocol (it1),
a covalent bond will be automatically defined to the closest ligand atom (only for cations). This is done in the
covalions.cns CNS script in the protocols directory; the following cations are currently defined:
MG+2, CA+2, FE+2, FE+3, NI+2, CO+2, CO+3,
CU+1, CU+2 and ZN+2. If your system contains other ions add them to the
covalions.cns file (they should however be defined in ion.top).
Domain definition for docking
In general, it is recommended to remove any part of your system such as flexible linkers
that are not involved in the interaction with the partner for docking. Keeping these might
give trouble in the sorting of solutions. For example, such a linker can make contacts with the
partner molecule, resulting in a lower total energy and, in that way, "bad" solutions could still be kept.
Clustering issues
When choosing which of the two molecules will be in the first segid (e.g. "A"), it is recommended to
choose the largest and/or most rigid one of the two. This should give better clustering results since
in the rmsd calculation for clustering (rmsd.inp CNS script) the
structures are first fitted on the semi-flexible segments of the first molecule and then the rmsds are
calculated on the semi-flexible segments of the remaining molecules (defined as "ligand interface RMSD").
Defining the largest and best defined (most rigid) molecule first should thus result in a better fitting.
Note that this is not an issue if fractions of common contact (FCC) clustering is used.
Increasing the number of flexible segments
In the current distribution, the number of flexible segment is set to 10 for the semi-flexible interface
and 5 for the fully flexible segments. If needed, these numbers can be increased. The only file that
you will need to modify is run.cns.
As an example, say you wish to increase the number of fully flexible segments for molecule A to 10.
Locate in run.cns the section concerning the fully flexible segments, e.g.:
{=========== Definition of fully flexible segments ==========}
{* Define the fully flexible segment of each molecule.*}
{* These segments will be allowed to move at all stages of it1 *}
{* Number of fully flexible segments for molecule (protein) A *}
{* Note that current max is 5 (edit the run.cns to add more segments *}
{===>} nfle_A=0;
{* Fully flexible segments of molecule (protein) A *}
{+ table: rows=5 "segment 1" "segment 2" "segment 3" "segment 4" "segment 5" cols=2 "Start residue" "End residue" +}
{===>} A_start_fle_1="";
{===>} A_end_fle_1="";
{===>} A_start_fle_2="";
{===>} A_end_fle_2="";
{===>} A_start_fle_3="";
{===>} A_end_fle_3="";
{===>} A_start_fle_4="";
{===>} A_end_fle_4="";
{===>} A_start_fle_5="";
{===>} A_end_fle_5="";
Increase the number of rows in the table definition to 10, add the additional row headers and add the additional segment definitions. The result should look
like:
{=========== Definition of fully flexible segments ==========}
{* Define the fully flexible segment of each molecule.*}
{* These segments will be allowed to move at all stages of it1 *}
{* Number of fully flexible segments for molecule (protein) A *}
{* Note that current max is 5 (edit the run.cns to add more segments *}
{===>} nfle_A=0;
{* Fully flexible segments of molecule (protein) A *}
{+ table: rows=5 "segment 1" "segment 2" "segment 3" "segment 4" "segment 5" cols=2 "Start residue" "End residue" +}
{===>} A_start_fle_1="";
{===>} A_end_fle_1="";
{===>} A_start_fle_2="";
{===>} A_end_fle_2="";
{===>} A_start_fle_3="";
{===>} A_end_fle_3="";
{===>} A_start_fle_4="";
{===>} A_end_fle_4="";
{===>} A_start_fle_5="";
{===>} A_end_fle_5="";
{===>} A_start_fle_6="";
{===>} A_end_fle_6="";
{===>} A_start_fle_7="";
{===>} A_end_fle_7="";
{===>} A_start_fle_8="";
{===>} A_end_fle_8="";
{===>} A_start_fle_9="";
{===>} A_end_fle_9="";
{===>} A_start_fle_10="";
{===>} A_end_fle_10="";
You will also need to add additional lines further down in run.cns at the location where
the segment definitions are stored in the toppar variable, i.e.:
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_1=&A_start_fle_1)
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_2=&A_start_fle_2)
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_3=&A_start_fle_3)
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_4=&A_start_fle_4)
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_5=&A_start_fle_5)
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_6=&A_start_fle_6)
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_7=&A_start_fle_7)
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_8=&A_start_fle_8)
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_9=&A_start_fle_9)
evaluate (&toppar.A_start_fle_10=&A_start_fle_10)
Repeat this for protein B is needed or to increase the number of flexible segments for the interface
definition.
Running in batch mode using a queuing system
There are several ways to run HADDOCK in batch mode on cluster. Here are a few examples provides by users.
Running HADDOCK on a cluster without queuing system
a contribution from Melissa Stauffer, Vanderbilt University, USA
Here is a description of the setup on a Linux cluster that has no queuing system
installed. It has a head node/firewall with 16 dual-cpu compute nodes
behind it. From the head node, processes can be spawned to the compute
nodes using rsh. Authentication to compute nodes is done via the
/etc/hosts.equiv mechanism - no prompting for passwords.
HADDOCK was setup to use each of the 32 compute-node CPUs by creating a simple csh
wrapper script called "haddock_wrapper" that contains two lines like this:
cd project_directory
csh -f $1
Then, in the run.cns file, we define our "queues" like:
{===>} queue_1="rsh node1 ~/bin/haddock_wrapper";
{===>} cns_exe_1="cns";
{===>} cpunumber_1=2;
...etc - one "queue" for each compute node to be included in this haddock
run.
If rsh is blocked, you can use instead ssh, but for this to work you need to set up ssh such
as no password is needed. See for that:
http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~mbonati/WIRC/manual/DATARED/setting_up_no-password_ssh.html
(Thanks to Andrea Spitaleri)
Running HADDOCK on a cluster using the PBS queuing system
a contribution from Nuno Ferreira, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Here is an example on how to run HADDOCK in two nodes with PBS queuing system.
Write a batch executable script
--> masterqueue is the routing queue
--> clustermaster is the head, where you submit the job
--> node1 and node2 are the name of the two requested nodes
--> after editing all the files, submit job with qsub job.pbs
The PBS script (job.pbs) should look like:
#!/bin/bash
#PBS -q masterqueue@clustermaster
#PBS -l nodes=1:node1+1:node2
#PBS -l cput=24:00:00
#PBS -N haddock_test
#PBS -o haddock.out
#PBS -e haddock.err
cd /home/haddock/e2a-hpr/run1
/usr/bin/python $HADDOCK/Haddock/Runhaddock.py
Change your run.cns script
{===>} queue_1="rsh node1 /home/haddock/e2a-hpr/haddock_wrapper";
{===>} cns_exe_1="/home/cns_solve_1.1_ev67/dec-alpha-linux/bin/cns";
{===>} cpunumber_1=1;
{===>} queue_2="rsh node2 /home/haddock/e2a-hpr/haddock_wrapper";
{===>} cns_exe_2="/home/cns_solve_1.1_ev67/dec-alpha-linux/bin/cns";
{===>} cpunumber_2=1;
haddock_wrapper is a script similar to the one described above.
Small ligand docking with HADDOCK
It's possible to dock small ligands using HADDOCK but for that topology and parameter files for the ligand should be provided in CNS format. Several sources exist to find such files:
For docking small ligand with HADDOCK using custom-made topology and parameter files and
perform the following steps:
- Setup your HADDOCK run in the usual way, i.e. generating the new.html file
and running haddock first to generate the run directory structure.
- Place your custom topology and parameter files in the toppar directory.
- When modifying the docking parameters in run.cns, specify the proper topology
and parameter files for your ligand. Or alternatively, place the topology and parameter files of your
ligand in the toppar/ligand.top and toppar/ligand.param files, respectively.
- To avoid that a N- or C-terminal patch be applied to your ligand, add "first IONS" and "last IONS"
statements with the name of your ligand in the topallhdg5.3.pep file in the toppar
directory (look for the "first IONS" and "last IONS" statements).
Also we recommend to set the number of MD steps for the first two parts (rigid-body high temperature dynamic and
slow cooling annealing) of the semi-flexible refinement to 0.
Important1: When starting a run, always check for error messages in the begin directory in the
various generate...out files, especially for your ligand.


Productos
Producto 1
Hope mountains gains noble truth spirit chaos noble. Ultimate derive christian god good virtues decieve. Victorious superiority self abstract law marvelous self contradict hope. Dead mountains free dead spirit prejudice.
Producto 2
Hope mountains gains noble truth spirit chaos noble. Ultimate derive christian god good virtues decieve. Victorious superiority self abstract law marvelous self contradict hope. Dead mountains free dead spirit prejudice.
Producto 3
Hope mountains gains noble truth spirit chaos noble. Ultimate derive christian god good virtues decieve. Victorious superiority self abstract law marvelous self contradict hope. Dead mountains free dead spirit prejudice.


To submit terms grades to school's registrar, the user can either use the 'Quick Menu' toolar by choosing the publishing target as 'to School' in 'Select Target ...' drop down menu (1), then clicking on 'Publish Grades' button (2), or choose the 'Publish' menu from the top, then select 'Submit to School'.
The first option is shown below, in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Use Quick Menu Toolbar to Publish (Submit) Grades to School.
Once 'Publish Grades' button is clicked from the 'Quick Menu' toolbar, a dialog that asks for user's confirmation on submission appears. User can click 'Confirm' to proceed and submit the grades (1), or 'Cancel' to cancel submission operation and return to gradebook.
This is shown below, in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Submission Confirmation Dialog.
Once 'Confirm' (1) is selected from Figure 2, Grader program starts the submission process to make the grades available for the registrar. It displays the progress of the submission process, and this process can be cancelled before it is finished (how the grades will be submitted if 'Cancel' is pressed in the middle of the process is not yet defined).
Once the submission is completed, the progress bar shows full progress, and user can select 'OK' to close the dialog. This process is illustrated below, in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Publishing Progress and Completion Dialog.
Once grades are submitted, they become availble for the schools registrar and administion to use.


/test-package/JumpToRecordFieldWhenVarIsOfRecordType.dhall
Copy path to clipboardOn this example, dhall-docs
will detect that the variable a
is bounded
to a record-literal. When the user clicks on the field
in the a.field
, it
will jump to the definition of that field in the source code i.e. to the field
key in the record literal
Source
{-|
On this example, `dhall-docs` will detect that the variable `a` is bounded
to a record-literal. When the user clicks on the `field` in the `a.field`, it
will jump to the definition of that field in the source code i.e. to the `field`
key in the record literal
-}
let a = { field = "foo" }
in Text/show a.field


Microscopic theory of superconductivity (Kalenkov M.S.)
|
- Electronic excitations in metals. Electron-phonon interaction. Frohlich
hamiltonian.
- Cooper problem. BCS theory.
- Unconventional superconductivity.
- Bogolubov transformation. Excitation spectrum. Selfconsistency equation.
- Thermodynamics of superconductors. Landau expansion of the free energy
close to the critical
temperature.
- Nonuniform superconducting state. Bogolubov equations. Andreev equations.
- Andreev reflection. Andreev bound states in vortex cores, near interfaces.
- Josephson effect in SIS and SNS heterostructures.
- Green's function approach to the theory of superconductivity. Gor'kov
equations. Ginzburg-Landau
theory.
- Linear response of the superconductor to magnetic field. Meissner effect.
Magnetic penetration
depth in unconventional superconductors.
- Effect of impurities on superconducting state. Anderson's theorem.
Magnetic impurities. Gapless
superconductivity.
- Impurity-induced bound states.
- Quasiclassical theory of superconductivity. Eilenberger equations. Usadel
equations.
- Mixed and vortex state. Surface superconductivity.
- Nonequilibrium superconductivity.
|
|


About Us
We are a team made up solely of Brazilians, a land known for its guarana juice, great parties and music, and mainly for the production of the beloved Havaianas, a highly technological slipper that is widely used by us.
We are a team made up solely of Brazilians, a land known for its guarana juice, great parties and music, and mainly for the production of the beloved Havaianas, a highly technological slipper that is widely used by us.
Progress


The Lingo Club at Eastmont Computing Center
Mission 1: Property Variables.
Mission 3: Field Cast Members.
-- Counting with global variable
global myCount
myCount = 0global myCount
myCount = myCount + 1member(1).text = "No Score Yet"
member(1).text = string( myCount )
Life time of global variable
showglobals
?? Text Cast Members
?? Globals first, can try out in message window
Other possible order: Field, Global, Property, Local
--
--
©2000 John Henry Thompson.


Scotland return?
Hibs and St Johnstone ‘could be set to battle it out’ for ex-Celtic star Ambrose
by Alan GalindoEFE AMBROSE could be set for a return to Scottish football, according to reports.
The Daily Mail claim his former employers Hibs could be set to battle it out with St Johnstone for his signature.
Ambrose has been without a club since departing Derby County at the end of last season.
The former Celtic star failed to make an appearance for the Rams' top team after leaving the Hibees to join them.
Ambrose, 31, has previously admitted he would never rule out a return to Scotland.
Speaking earlier this month, he said: “I am back in Nigeria now and I am just waiting to see what happens.
“I am training with my first club, Kaduna, and keeping myself fit. Hopefully in a few weeks I will know about my future.
“I watch a lot of Scottish football and keep updated on Celtic and Hibs.
“I love Scotland and Scottish football, but right now I don’t know what the future holds.”
Tommy Wright is believed to be keen on adding an experienced centre-back to his ranks while a return to Easter Road would make Ambrose the first signing of the Jack Ross era.
Keep u p to date with ALL the latest news and transfers at the Scottish Sun football page


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“Lūnakesī paṅkadharī,
ekasāṭī pure cariṁ;
Avajje vajjamatinī,
vajje cāvajjadassinī.
My hair mown off, covered in mud,
I used to wander wearing just one robe.
I saw fault where there was none,
and was blind to the actual fault.
Divāvihārā nikkhamma,
gijjhakūṭamhi pabbate;
Addasaṁ virajaṁ buddhaṁ,
bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhataṁ.
Leaving my day’s meditation
on Vulture’s Peak Mountain,
I saw the stainless Buddha
at the fore of the mendicant Saṅgha.
Nihacca jāṇuṁ vanditvā,
sammukhā añjaliṁ akaṁ;
‘Ehi bhadde’ti maṁ avaca,
sā me āsūpasampadā.
I bent my knee and bowed,
and in his presence raised my joined palms.
“Come Bhaddā,” he said;
that was my ordination.
Ciṇṇā aṅgā ca magadhā,
vajjī kāsī ca kosalā;
Anaṇā paṇṇāsa vassāni,
raṭṭhapiṇḍaṁ abhuñjahaṁ.
“I’ve wandered among the Aṅgans and Magadhans,
the Vajjīs, Kāsīs, and Kosalans.
I have eaten the alms-food of the nations
free of debt for fifty years.”
Puññaṁ vata pasavi bahuṁ,
Sappañño vatāyaṁ upāsako;
Yo bhaddāya cīvaraṁ adāsi,
Vippamuttāya sabbaganthehī”ti.
“O! He has made so much merit!
That lay follower is so very wise.
He gave a robe to Bhaddā,
who is released from all ties.”
… Bhaddā kuṇḍalakesā therī ….


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Over the last decade, research has been scaling up in terms of publications, authors, contributing institutions and funded projects. Nowadays, research literature is estimated to round up 100-150 million publications with an annual increase rate around 1.5 million new publications. The fourth paradigm shift of science on one side, and the ever-increasing availability of data about research drivers and outcomes on the other have enabled scientists and researchers to "place the practice of science itself under the microscope" and dissect and analyse it in unprecedented ways.
For these reasons, it is of paramount importance to study such an articulated, global-scale, evolving system in order to understand its dynamics, patterns, internal equilibria and interactions among the diverse scientific actors. In particular, recent studies have proved that a holistic study of research as a complex phenomenon inserted in a delicate socioeconomic and geopolitical context, rather than as an isolated, context-unaware system, can provide a deeper insight on how research and researchers influence and are influenced by world outside academia. Such an analysis can provide answers to socioeconomic questions, frame academic research on a geopolitical canvas, provide insights on the factors that generate successful science, allocate better resources and therefore benefit of greater impact and efficacy.
The main objective of the proposed workshop is to bring together researchers from both quantitative and qualitative studies, practitioners and policy makers working in the field of academic research, scholarly communication and knowledge production in order to reframe research in relation to the underlying socioeconomic and geopolitical canvas.
In particular, we intend to encourage interdisciplinary analysis that considers research as a complex system that influences and is influenced by society, economics, culture, and politics. This would include analysis of academic social networks and interactions among different communities, exploration of factors influencing or preventing scientific collaboration and knowledge dissemination, exploration of trends, polarisations and biases in research, methodologies, indicators and measures for assessing research impact on society and industry, policies and practices fostering a better scientific progress and so on.
RefResh 2018 looks for extended abstracts around the listed topics summarising the work to be presented.
We encourage researchers to also submit abstracts of work that has already been published and/or
submit work
in progress.
Submissions have to be up to
3 pages (in English) excluding references and pictures in
Springer
LNCS format.
Extended abstracts should be submitted as
pdf files through
EasyChair conference management system
here.
The submissions will be evaluated according to their significance, originality, technical content, style,
clarity, and relevance to
the workshop.
Please give a sufficiently detailed description of your work and your methods so we can adequately
assess its
relevance.
Please consider that reviewers will be from an interdisciplinary community.
RefResh also supports the
Linked Research principles; we
applaud authors having care to consider them when preparing their papers.
It is our intention to publish, if possible, the workshop proceedings in CEUR workshop series or, in alternative, as Open Access post-print on Zenodo.
For any other question, feel free to contact us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>RefResh 2018 is a co-located event of the
2nd
European Computation Social Science Symposium (EuroCSS), 5-7 Dec. 2018, Cologne, Germany.
The workshop will take place on the
5th of December. Authors are required to register
via Eventbrite here!
Venue: Cologne Marriott Hotel (Johannisstrasse 76-80, 50668 Cologne, Germany)
The pre-symposium day venue is not the same as the main
symposium venue.
Map
Title: "Responsible Social Computing: Validating Network Data and Theory"
Speaker: Prof. Jana Diesner
Abstract
Responsible Social Computing: Validating Network Data and Theory Social Computing combines the benefits of using large-scale data with the consideration of societal implications and ethical concerns. I exemplify possible biases in social network data and theories by presenting on my group’s research on two questions about interaction-based and information-based systems: How do limitations related to the provenance and quality of data impact scientific results? I present on the impact of commonly used techniques for name disambiguation on the properties and dynamics of communication and collaboration networks, and highlight measurement-induced biases in metrics and theories about social interactions. I also present our work on assessing the reliability of common methods for extracting network data from text data. Once we have reliable data, how can we use text mining to enrich network data to validate classic social science theories in contemporary settings? I provide an example where we applied domain-adjusted sentiment analysis to label edges in an over-time communication network to test structural balance theory. I also report on our work on validating triadic closure. The work presented in this talk contributes to the discovery of patterns of interactions between agents and information, making sense of qualitative, distributed, and multi-modal data in a scalable way, and advancing the transparency, accountability, fairness, and ethics of computing and technology.
10:30 - 10:50 "How Communities Mediate the Diffusion of Science: The Case of Granovetter’s
Weak Ties Hypothesis"
Anna Keuchenius, Petter Törnberg and Justus Uitermark
10:50 - 11:10 "Predicting Research Trends From Arxiv"
Steffen Eger, Fitz Chao, Florian Netzer and Iryna Gurevych
11:10 - 11:30 "Mining Citation Networks to Detect and Analyze Cliques and Cartel-Like
Patterns"
Joseph Davis
12:00 - 12:20 "Linguistic discrimination in scientometrics"
Luc Boruta
12:20 - 12:40 "Academic performance of students in a transdisciplinary bachelor's degree"
María Fernanda Papa, María Valeria De Castro, Pablo Becker, Esperanza Marcos Martinez and Luis
Olsina
12:40 - 13:00 "Influence of structural determinants on performance and survival: case of
Russian universities"
Angelika Tsivinskaya
Please be reminded that the registration does not include the costs for lunch on pre-symposium day – lunch at own expenses will be available at Marriott Hotel, and you can also find a lot of choices for lunch near the hotel.
14:30 - 14:50 "Reputation or peer review? The role of outliers"
Francisco Grimaldo, Mario Paolucci and Jordi Sabater Mir
14:50 - 15:10 "Peer-reviews on the blockchain"
Zeeshan Jan, Allan Third, Michelle Bachler and John Domingue
15:10 - 15:30 "Mapping gender in the transforming research life cycle"
Vilte Banelytė, Vilius Stančiauskas, Vitalis Nakrošis and Edit Görögh
15:30 - 15:45 "A Socio-computational Examination of Gender Bias in Science"
Brett Buttliere, Seren Yenikent and Kseniia Zviagintseva
15:45 - 16:00 "Gender Bias in Academic Publishing: Assessing the Gender Gap in Computational
Social Science"
Lisa Hehnke
The 1st #EuroCSS Science Slam! A fun event with interesting science talks;
it will take place in
Die Wohngemeinschaft
from 20:00.
Check info on the main symposium website.
Map


Hello and thank you for visiting my site! Here you will be able to see a part of who I am and what I have learned over the years as I venture futher into my career. This site in particular is a combination of a resume/portfolio/on-going learning project. Enjoy!
What do I do?Over the past 3+ years I have gathered these skills and worked in fields that allow me to adapt and contribute on any kind of project.
This site has been my playground to test some ideas and lessons that I have been learning lately. If you havent tried already I recommend looking at this page at different screen sizes as you will see it is responsive. I also have made some templates using Storyline and Photoshop, showcasing more of my design and development skills.


Home
Features
-
Long-form boolean flags with single-character shortcuts:
--flag
,-f
. -
Long-form string, integer, and floating-point options with
single-character shortcuts:
--option <arg>
,-o <arg>
. -
Condensed short-form options:
-abc <arg> <arg>
. -
Automatic
--help
and--version
flags. - Support for multivalued options.
- Support for git-style command interfaces with arbitrarily-nested commands.
Installation
Install directly from Github:
$ go get github.com/dmulholl/janus/v2
Import the janus
package:
import "github.com/dmulholl/janus/v2"
Alternatively, you can incorporate the single, public-domain janus.go
file directly into your application. The library has no external dependencies.
Links
License
This work has been placed in the public domain.


As a technical student, one has to demonstrate their technical idea with its hardware project in details (Complete System in working condition) with presentation and its practical application(s) and also they can represent the technical term in such a way that any non-technical person can understand easily. Yes, it’s the time now to unleash your creativity. Show your intellect, your unique edge and sense for your favorite topic. i.e. design the hardware model & relevant posters/ animations/ banners/ videos/ presentation.
Your idea, your imagination, your way of presentation and your resources. The real battlefield competition for your creativity. One can bring their own resources as per their idea requirements.
Rounds scheme
Team has to explain the concept or technology with their presentation and aids to visiting group of students.
This event will be represented as a project exhibition in which all the participants are going to represent their project. In this exhibition all the respected faculty members and the students (especially 1st year) will be invited. A paper will be given to each visiting student/ group to give the marks to the participants who are demonstrating their project.After the flow of visiting student/group respected faculty will give their opinion and advice to the participant’s about their project.
1. Max. Time for a single presentation: Not more than 6 minutes.
2. The designed hardware should be a complete system (i.e. only a block of a system shall lead to disqualification from the event).
3. The participants should be prepared for Q&A
Max 2
7th March 2017
1:00 to 3:00 PM
Rs 50/- per team
Siddharth Patel<PHONE_NUMBER>)
Akshay Sanghani(8758197594)


ParseQuery<T extends ParseObject> class
The ParseQuery class defines a query that is used to fetch ParseObject. The most
common use case is finding all objects that match a query through the findAsync
method. For example, this sample code fetches all objects of class
MyClass
. It calls a different function depending on whether the fetch succeeded or not.
Constructors
- ParseQuery(String className)
- Constructs a query. A default query with no further parameters will retrieve all ParseObject of the provided class.
Properties
- className → String
-
The class name of ParseObject
final
-
includes
→ List<
String> -
read-only
- limit → int
-
read-only
-
order
→ List<
String> -
read-only
-
selectedKeys
→ List<
String> -
read-only
- skip → int
-
read-only
- hashCode → int
-
The hash code for this object. [...]
read-only, inherited
- runtimeType → Type
-
A representation of the runtime type of the object.
read-only, inherited
Methods
-
addAscendingOrder(
String key) → void - Also sorts the results in ascending order by the given key. [...]
-
addDescendingOrder(
String key) → void - Also sorts the results in descending order by the given key. [...]
-
countAsync(
) → Future< int> - Counts the number of objects that match this query in a background thread. This does not use caching.
-
findAsync(
) → Future< List< ParseObject> > - Retrieves a list of ParseObjects that satisfy this query from the source in a background thread.
-
include(
String key) → void - Include nested {@link ParseObject}s for the provided key. [...]
-
orderByAscending(
String key) → void - Sorts the results in ascending order by the given key.
-
orderByDescending(
String key) → void - Sorts the results in descending order by the given key.
-
selectKeys(
List< String> keys) → void - Restrict the fields of returned {@link ParseObject}s to only include the provided keys. [...]
-
setLimit(
int limit) → void - Controls the maximum number of results that are returned. [...]
-
setSkip(
int skip) → void - Controls the number of results to skip before returning any results. [...]
-
toJson(
) → Map< String, dynamic> -
toString(
) → String -
Returns a string representation of this object.
override
-
whereContainedIn(
String key, List values) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value to be contained in the provided list of values.
-
whereContains(
String key, String substring) → void - Add a constraint for finding string values that contain a provided string. [...]
-
whereContainsAll(
String key, List values) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value match another ParseQuery. [...]
-
whereDoesNotExist(
String key) → void - Add a constraint for finding objects that do not contain a given key.
-
whereDoesNotMatchKeyInQuery(
String key, String keyInQuery, ParseQuery< ParseObject> query) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value does not match any value for a key in the results of another ParseQuery.
-
whereDoesNotMatchQuery(
String key, ParseQuery< ParseObject> query) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value does not match another ParseQuery. [...]
-
whereEndsWith(
String key, String suffix) → void - Add a constraint for finding string values that end with a provided string. [...]
-
whereEqualTo(
String key, dynamic value) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value to be equal to the provided value.
-
whereExists(
String key) → void - Add a constraint for finding objects that contain the given key.
-
whereFullText(
String key, String text) → void - Adds a constraint for finding string values that contain a provided string using Full Text Search
-
whereGreaterThan(
String key, dynamic value) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value to be greater than the provided value.
-
whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo(
String key, dynamic value) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value to be greater than or equal to the provided value.
-
whereLessThan(
String key, dynamic value) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value to be less than the provided value.
-
whereLessThanOrEqualTo(
String key, dynamic value) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value to be less than or equal to the provided value.
-
whereMatches(
String key, String regex, { String modifiers: '' }) → void - Add a regular expression constraint for finding string values that match the provided regular expression. [...]
-
whereMatchesKeyInQuery(
String key, String keyInQuery, ParseQuery< ParseObject> query) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value matches a value for a key in the results of another ParseQuery.
-
whereMatchesQuery(
String key, ParseQuery< ParseObject> query) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value match another ParseQuery. [...]
-
whereNear(
String key, ParseGeoPoint point) → void - Add a proximity based constraint for finding objects with key point values near the point given.
-
whereNotContainedIn(
String key, List values) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value not be contained in the provided list of values.
-
whereNotEqualTo(
String key, dynamic value) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's value to be not equal to the provided value.
-
wherePolygonContains(
String key, ParseGeoPoint point) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's coordinates that contains a ParseGeoPoint [...]
-
whereStartsWith(
String key, String prefix) → void - Add a constraint for finding string values that start with a provided string. [...]
-
whereWithinGeoBox(
String key, ParseGeoPoint southwest, ParseGeoPoint northeast) → void - Add a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's coordinates be contained within a given rectangular geographic bounding box.
-
whereWithinKilometers(
String key, ParseGeoPoint point, double maxDistance) → void - Add a proximity based constraint for finding objects with key point values near the point given and within the maximum distance given. [...]
-
whereWithinMiles(
String key, ParseGeoPoint point, double maxDistance) → void - Add a proximity based constraint for finding objects with key point values near the point given and within the maximum distance given. [...]
-
whereWithinPolygon(
String key, List< ParseGeoPoint> points) → void - Adds a constraint to the query that requires a particular key's coordinates be contained within and on the bounds of a given polygon. Supports closed and open (last point is connected to first) paths [...]
-
whereWithinRadians(
String key, ParseGeoPoint point, double maxDistance) → void - Add a proximity based constraint for finding objects with key point values near the point given and within the maximum distance given.
-
noSuchMethod(
Invocation invocation) → dynamic -
Invoked when a non-existent method or property is accessed. [...]
inherited
Operators
-
operator ==(
dynamic other) → bool -
The equality operator. [...]
inherited
Static Methods
-
or(
List< ParseQuery< queries) → ParseQuery<ParseObject> >ParseObject> -
Constructs a query that is the
or
of the given queries.


Crystal Palace ‘on the track’ for signing – €40m seems a little on high side
by Sport Witness TeamBBC 2 came to the rescue at the weekend and secured the rights to the Copa Libertadores final, after it had been shunned by the usual football broadcasters.
It was certainly a match worth watching, with River Plate taking the lead and looking the more assured side until around midway through the second half. Then Flamengo seemed to get some confidence and urgency from somewhere, and when Gabigol got the equaliser towards the end of the game it felt like it had been coming.
Then, in injury time, the striker managed to get the winner and Flamengo fans around the world went wild.
It was inevitable Crystal Palace links with the player would resurface. Corriere della Sera say the Premier League club are ‘on the track’ for the signing, along with Real Valladolid.
That’s echoed by Monday’s edition of Tuttosport, who even suggest the player’s valuation is now around €40m.
Gabigol is owned by Inter Milan and has been on loan at Flamengo. He’d been enjoying a great season and before the final an estimated price was put at around €20-25m.
Those two goals have clearly given Inter some hope they can get much more.
They won’t get that from Flamengo, and it’s unlikely, even if the claims of interest are true, that they’ll get it from Valladolid or Crystal Palace either.


HTML Class
Tag—basic structure of HTML docs
-tells the browser how to view/what kind of thing you're pulling in
-e.g. "img" tag tells browser that there's an image and it needs to render an image
-"img tag" is the location of the file
The opening and closing brackets for HTML are `<>`
-to begin a tag, you would put the opening bracket then "img", a closing bracket, then a file
-e.g. tag with open/close brackets: example.jpg
HTML file starting with a "bang" (


| None. |
|
MouseZ returns the current position of the mouse wheel on a suitable mouse. It starts off at zero when your program begins. The value of MouseZ increases as you move the wheel away from you and decreases as you move it towards you.
See also: MouseX, MouseY. |
|
Graphics 640, 480, 0, 2
SetBuffer BackBuffer () Repeat Flip:Cls Text 20, 20, "Mouse wheel position: " + MouseZ () Until KeyHit (1) End |


new StageScaleMode(game, width, height)
The StageScaleMode object is responsible for helping you manage the scaling, resizing and alignment of your game within the browser.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
game |
Phaser.Game | A reference to the currently running game. |
width |
number | The native width of the game. |
height |
number | The native height of the game. |
- Source:
Members
-
<static, constant> EXACT_FIT :number
-
Type:
- number
- Source:
-
<static, constant> NO_SCALE :number
-
Type:
- number
- Source:
-
<static, constant> SHOW_ALL :number
-
Type:
- number
- Source:
-
aspectRatio
-
- Default Value:
- 0
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description aspectRatio
number Aspect ratio.
-
enterIncorrectOrientation
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description enterIncorrectOrientation
Phaser.Signal The event that is dispatched when the browser enters an incorrect orientation, as defined by forceOrientation.
-
enterLandscape
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description enterLandscape
Phaser.Signal The event that is dispatched when the browser enters landscape orientation.
-
enterPortrait
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description enterPortrait
Phaser.Signal The event that is dispatched when the browser enters horizontal orientation.
-
event
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description event-
any The native browser events from full screen API changes.
-
forceLandscape
-
- Default Value:
- false
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description forceLandscape
boolean If the game should be forced to use Landscape mode, this is set to true by Game.Stage
-
forcePortrait
-
- Default Value:
- false
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description forcePortrait
boolean If the game should be forced to use Portrait mode, this is set to true by Game.Stage
-
game
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description game
Phaser.Game A reference to the currently running game.
-
hasResized
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description hasResized
Phaser.Signal The event that is dispatched when the game scale changes.
-
height
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description height
number Height of the stage after calculation.
-
incorrectOrientation
-
- Default Value:
- false
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description incorrectOrientation
boolean If the game should be forced to use a specific orientation and the device currently isn't in that orientation this is set to true.
-
<readonly> isFullScreen
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description isFullScreen
boolean Returns true if the browser is in full screen mode, otherwise false.
-
<readonly> isLandscape
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description isLandscape
boolean Returns true if the browser dimensions match a landscape display.
-
<readonly> isPortrait
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description isPortrait
boolean Returns true if the browser dimensions match a portrait display.
-
leaveIncorrectOrientation
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description leaveIncorrectOrientation
Phaser.Signal The event that is dispatched when the browser leaves an incorrect orientation, as defined by forceOrientation.
-
<readonly> margin
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description margin
Phaser.Point If the game canvas is seto to align by adjusting the margin, the margin calculation values are stored in this Point.
-
maxHeight
-
- Default Value:
- null
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description maxHeight
number Maximum height the canvas should be scaled to (in pixels). If null it will scale to whatever height the browser can handle.
-
maxIterations
-
- Default Value:
- 5
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description maxIterations
number The maximum number of times it will try to resize the canvas to fill the browser.
-
maxWidth
-
- Default Value:
- null
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description maxWidth
number Maximum width the canvas should be scaled to (in pixels). If null it will scale to whatever width the browser can handle.
-
minHeight
-
- Default Value:
- null
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description minHeight
number Minimum height the canvas should be scaled to (in pixels).
-
minWidth
-
- Default Value:
- null
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description minWidth
number Minimum width the canvas should be scaled to (in pixels).
-
orientationSprite
-
- Default Value:
- null
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description orientationSprite
PIXI.Sprite The Sprite that is optionally displayed if the browser enters an unsupported orientation.
-
pageAlignHorizontally
-
- Default Value:
- false
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description pageAlignHorizontally
boolean If you wish to align your game in the middle of the page then you can set this value to true. It will place a re-calculated margin-left pixel value onto the canvas element which is updated on orientation/resizing. It doesn't care about any other DOM element that may be on the page, it literally just sets the margin.
-
pageAlignVertically
-
- Default Value:
- false
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description pageAlignVertically
boolean If you wish to align your game in the middle of the page then you can set this value to true. It will place a re-calculated margin-left pixel value onto the canvas element which is updated on orientation/resizing. It doesn't care about any other DOM element that may be on the page, it literally just sets the margin.
-
<readonly> scaleFactor
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description scaleFactor
Phaser.Point The scale factor based on the game dimensions vs. the scaled dimensions.
-
<readonly> scaleFactorInversed
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description scaleFactorInversed
Phaser.Point The inversed scale factor. The displayed dimensions divided by the game dimensions.
-
width
-
- Source:
Properties:
Name Type Description width
number Width of the stage after calculation.
Methods
-
checkOrientation(event)
-
Handle window.orientationchange events
Parameters:
Name Type Description event
Event The orientationchange event data.
- Source:
-
checkOrientationState()
-
Checks if the browser is in the correct orientation for your game (if forceLandscape or forcePortrait have been set)
- Source:
-
checkResize(event)
-
Handle window.resize events
Parameters:
Name Type Description event
Event The resize event data.
- Source:
-
forceOrientation(forceLandscape, forcePortrait, orientationImage)
-
If you need your game to run in only one orientation you can force that to happen. The optional orientationImage is displayed when the game is in the incorrect orientation.
Parameters:
Name Type Argument Default Description forceLandscape
boolean true if the game should run in landscape mode only.
forcePortrait
boolean <optional>
false true if the game should run in portrait mode only.
orientationImage
string <optional>
'' The string of an image in the Phaser.Cache to display when this game is in the incorrect orientation.
- Source:
-
<protected> fullScreenChange(event)
-
Called automatically when the browser enters of leaves full screen mode.
Parameters:
Name Type Description event
Event The fullscreenchange event
- Source:
-
refresh()
-
Re-calculate scale mode and update screen size.
- Source:
-
setExactFit()
-
Sets the width and height values of the canvas, no larger than the maxWidth/Height.
- Source:
-
setMaximum()
-
Sets this.width equal to window.innerWidth and this.height equal to window.innerHeight
- Source:
-
setScreenSize(force)
-
Set screen size automatically based on the scaleMode.
Parameters:
Name Type Description force
boolean If force is true it will try to resize the game regardless of the document dimensions.
- Source:
-
setShowAll()
-
Calculates the multiplier needed to scale the game proportionally.
- Source:
-
setSize()
-
Sets the canvas style width and height values based on minWidth/Height and maxWidth/Height.
- Source:
-
startFullScreen(antialias)
-
Tries to enter the browser into full screen mode. Please note that this needs to be supported by the web browser and isn't the same thing as setting your game to fill the browser.
Parameters:
Name Type Description antialias
boolean You can toggle the anti-alias feature of the canvas before jumping in to full screen (false = retain pixel art, true = smooth art)
- Source:
-
stopFullScreen()
-
Stops full screen mode if the browser is in it.
- Source:


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.nodemanager.api.deviceplugin |
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.
|
| org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.nodemanager.containermanager.resourceplugin.com.nec |
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.
|
| org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.nodemanager.containermanager.resourceplugin.com.nvidia |
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.
|
| org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.nodemanager.containermanager.resourceplugin.deviceframework |
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.
|
| org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.nodemanager.webapp.dao |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Device
Represent one "device" resource.
|
| Device.Builder
Builder for Device.
|
| DeviceRegisterRequest
Contains plugin register request info.
|
| DeviceRegisterRequest.Builder
Builder class for construct
DeviceRegisterRequest . |
| DeviceRuntimeSpec
This is a spec used to prepare and run container.
|
| DeviceRuntimeSpec.Builder
Builder for DeviceRuntimeSpec.
|
| MountDeviceSpec
Describe one device mount.
|
| MountDeviceSpec.Builder
Builder for MountDeviceSpec.
|
| MountVolumeSpec
Describe one volume mount.
|
| MountVolumeSpec.Builder
Builder for MountVolumeSpec.
|
| VolumeSpec
Describe one volume creation or deletion.
|
| VolumeSpec.Builder
Builder for VolumeSpec.
|
| YarnRuntimeType
YarnRuntime parameter enum for
DevicePlugin . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Device
Represent one "device" resource.
|
| DevicePlugin
A must interface for vendor plugin to implement.
|
| DevicePluginScheduler
An optional interface to implement if custom device scheduling is needed.
|
| DeviceRegisterRequest
Contains plugin register request info.
|
| DeviceRuntimeSpec
This is a spec used to prepare and run container.
|
| YarnRuntimeType
YarnRuntime parameter enum for
DevicePlugin . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Device
Represent one "device" resource.
|
| DevicePlugin
A must interface for vendor plugin to implement.
|
| DevicePluginScheduler
An optional interface to implement if custom device scheduling is needed.
|
| DeviceRegisterRequest
Contains plugin register request info.
|
| DeviceRuntimeSpec
This is a spec used to prepare and run container.
|
| YarnRuntimeType
YarnRuntime parameter enum for
DevicePlugin . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Device
Represent one "device" resource.
|
| DevicePlugin
A must interface for vendor plugin to implement.
|
| DevicePluginScheduler
An optional interface to implement if custom device scheduling is needed.
|
| DeviceRuntimeSpec
This is a spec used to prepare and run container.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Device
Represent one "device" resource.
|
Copyright © 2008–2022 Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.


Nelson Siegel Model
FISH Group ( , )
Nelson Siegel Model
Fixed Income Securities Happy Group (FISH Group)
Dezhi Yang
Hui Tang
Zenan Lin
Yizhe Zhang
Project Goal
Model: Nelson-Siegel Model
Goal: Estimate the Level, Slope, and Curvature of Term Structure
Data1: use first 11 months data to estimate November 30, 2020
Data2: use all-year 2019 data to estimate December 31, 2019
Nelson-Siegel Model
y(t) = beta0+beta1*part1+beta2*(part1-part2)
part1 = (1-part2)/part3
part2 = math.e**(-part3)
part3 = T/tau


Isar735.github.io
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Contributors
bigdoby (Italian translation)
Herrie (Dutch translation)
chris42 (German translation)
briest (Polish translation)
highrock2, tonyw (Chinese translation)
jcmarcos (Spanish translation)
HaPe (Route with Navit feature)
Kratus (French translation)
Bengt Erlandsson (Swedish translation)


For the past seven years I have worked in Planning/Supply Chain for an aerospace manufacturing company. While I have grown a lot during this time, both professionally and personally, I have decided I do not identify with this world any longer. After much soul-searching, speaking to loved ones, and career coaching - I have decided to pursue a career change. In January of 2021 I enrolled in Epicodus in Portland, Oregon. My goal is to complete this course, develop programming and teamwork skills, and ultimately put myself on a path to become a back-end software engineer in 2022. The intention of this page is to keep everyone up to date on my recent projects. Please feel free to share with anyone that may be interested in my work!


DfE enquiries
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
Press release
The biggest education reforms in a generation for children and young people with special educational needs became law on Monday 1 September 2014.
The new Children and Families Act will offer simpler, improved and consistent help for children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities ( SEND ).
As well as protecting the schools budget, it will extend provision from birth to 25 years of age. This will give families greater choice in decisions and ensure needs are properly met.
The new system will extend rights and protection to young people by introducing a new education, health and care plan. Professionals will also provide more tailored support to families, giving them the help and assistance they need.
Children and Families Minister Edward Timpson said:
Today is a landmark moment in improving the lives of children with SEND and their families. These reforms put children and parents at the heart of the system.
For too long, families have found themselves battling against a complex and fragmented system. These reforms ensure support fits in with their needs and not the other way round - they will result in a simpler and more joined up system that focuses on children achieving their best.
This is the beginning of a journey, and the vast majority of local authorities have told us they are ready and parents have been supportive over the changes.
In England 1 in 5 children has SEN or disability, ranging from dyslexia to a physical impairment. These reforms, outlined in the code of practice, will enable them and their parents to have a role in shaping the support they receive.
The code of practice advises local education authorities, maintained schools, early education settings and others on carrying out statutory duties for children’s special educational needs.
‘Pathfinder’ families in 31 areas* around the country have taken part in pilots for the change. Their feedback has shown that they believe the reforms help to place them at the centre of the system.
Minister Timpson celebrated the first day of the reforms by meeting children and parents who will benefit from the new code at the Phoenix Children’s Resource Centre in Bromley.
The reforms were developed in partnership with parent groups, including the National Network of Parent Carer Forum, Contact a Family and Special Needs Jungle.
Support for the reforms has also come from television presenter Carrie Grant, who is the mother of 4 children with SEND . She believes that the reforms will help improve dialogues between schools and the parents of children with SEND .
Carrie Grant said:
We may not know the ins and outs of how that works in a classroom situation but what we do know is we know our child, and we know what they need, and we know how they may respond if their needs are not met properly.
Working together with the teachers hopefully will mean that the relationship that can be built up will ultimately mean that the child is right at the centre - the child is the one that matters. We want the right outcomes for our children.
We want to know that when our children go to school, of course they are taken care of, looked after, kept safe - but we also want to know that they can do everything that they could possibly do to reach their full potential, whatever that potential may ultimately be. That they are thought of not as a burden, but our children are thought of as an asset.
The reforms support that. The reforms actually help the parent to be brought in, understood hopefully by the school, listened to and together - working together - to make sure that that child’s school experience is the best that it can possibly be.
*20 pathfinder sites, comprising of 31 local areas, were commissioned to run from October 2011 to March 2013. The sites were:
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
Published: 1 September 2014


Pre processing data with the Pattern Recognition Toolbox
Often, you will want to perform some sort of pre processing on your data before peforming clasification or other operations. For example, many algorithms require the input data to be normalize to have zero-mean and unit variance.
Like all other prtAction objects, all prtPreProc objects inherit the TRAIN, RUN, CROSSVALIDATE and KFOLDS functions from the prtAction object. For more information on these methods, refer to section on the prtEngine.
Performing principle component analysis is another common example of pre processing, which is illustrated below.
ds = prtDataGenUnimodal; % Load a dataset preProc = prtPreProcPca('nComponents',2); % Create a pre processing object preProc = preProc.train(ds); % Train the object dsOut = preProc.run(ds); % Run the object on the dataset % Plot the old and new datasets subplot(2,1,1); plot(ds); title('Before PCA') subplot(2,1,2); plot(dsOut); title('After PCA')
Note that dsOut, the data has been reoriented by the principle component processing.
All pre processing objects in the Pattern Recognition Toolbox have the same API as discussed above. For a list of all the different pre processing techniques, and links to their individual help entries, A list of commonly used functions


Learn more about readiness >Upcoming Milestones
What are some milestones you will complete with this goal?
Milestones will help you stay on track, and you can check them out as you go!
Learn more about milestones >Completed Milestones
Once you have completed a milestone, it will be saved here.
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Learn more about blanks >In Progress Tasks
Your tasks live on your home page. These are small things you can accomplish quickly.
Learn more about tasks >Completed Tasks
Your tasks live on your home page. These are small things you can accomplish quickly.
Edge shifting disabled (1)
This carousel demos the effect of disabling the edgeShifting config parameter. Instead of aligning the first and last carousel items with the left and right edge of the parent container, every item is centered in the middle of the parent when active.
Learn more about edge shifting >Edge shifting disabled (2)
This carousel demos the effect of disabling the edgeShifting config parameter. Instead of aligning the first and last carousel items with the left and right edge of the parent container, every item is centered in the middle of the parent when active.
Learn more about edge shifting >Edge shifting disabled (3)
This carousel demos the effect of disabling the edgeShifting config parameter. Instead of aligning the first and last carousel items with the left and right edge of the parent container, every item is centered in the middle of the parent when active.
Learn more about edge shifting >


اللهم لا علم لنا الأ ما علمتنا به انك انت علام الغيوب
0. Introduction
0.1. Kirchoff's Voltage Law (KVL)
The sum of all voltage drops around any closed loop is zero
$$\sum V = 0$$
$$-V_{DD}+I_DR_D+V_{DS}+I_DR_s=0$$
$$V_{DD}=I_D(R_D+R_S)+V_{DS}$$
0.2. Kirchoff's Current Law
The sum of all currents flowing into a node is zero
$$\sum I = 0$$
$$I_1+I_2+I_3-I_4=0$$
0.3. Resistor Combinations
Resistors in series: Largest resistor dominates
$$R_{eq}=R_1+R_2+R_3$$
Resistors in parallel: Smallest resistor dominates
$${1 \over R_{eq}}={1\over R_1}+{1\over R_2}+{1\over R_3}$$
0.4. Voltage and Current Dividers
Voltage Divider: The largest resistor takes most of the voltage
$$V_{out}=V_{DD}.{R_3 \over {R_1 + R_2 + R_3}}$$
Current Divider: The smallest resistor takes most of the current
$$I_{out}=I_{in}.{G_3 \over {G_1 + G_2 + G_3}}$$
0.5. Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
Any one port circuit can be replaced by a voltage source and a series impedance
$$V_{TH}=V_{O.C.}$$
1. Mosfet Large & Small Signal Model
We neglected short channel effect & large VDS effect by using large L=1um and small vds=250mV and we also neglected bodyeffect by grounding the source
1.1.Schematic
1.2. ID-Vs-VDS
1.3. TransConductance
to calculate gm as our small signal was of 1mV amplitude
so X2=VGS+1mV, Y2=I(X2) and X1=VGS-1mV, Y1=I(X1)
and then gm=dI/dVGS = dY/dx = 5.1e-5 mhos
Our output resistance upper bound is controlled by the value of ro so we can't increase rout than ro where we can find value of ro from simulation with name of gds where gds=1/ro like in figure below
so we cannot increase our Rout more than 23.523Kohms and also we cannot increase Vds very much to increase ro because this will lead to gate loses its control over the drain current
We can model our work above by this model in figure below
1.4. Short Channel Effects
Short Channel effects changes the relation between Mosfet drain current and VGS as in case of long channel we use the famous quadratic equation where if we derive transconductance from this equation we find that it is linear which means that it increases with VGS.
While in case of short channel the relation between mosfet drain current and VGS becomes linear which means that if we drive transconductance we will find that it is of constant value.
short channel effect affects the value of ro where it increases very much in this case which leads to high gain but Vgs loses control
2. Single-Stage Amplifiers
we have three basic amplifier toplogies which are:
Common Source(CS): which acts as Voltage and current amplifier if we inject the signal from the gate and probing on Drain. where source is common between Drain and Gate
Common Gate(CG): which acts as Voltage amplifier and Current Buffer, Buffer means amplifier of gain=1
Common Drain(CD) or Source Follower(SF)
Cascode
which we organize in the categories below:
Common-Source Stage
Source Follower
Common-Gate Stage
Cascode
with Resistive Load
with Resistive Bias
with Resistive Load
Telescopic
with Diode-Connected Load
with Current-Source Bias
with Current-Source Load
Folded
with Current-Source Load
with Active Load
with Source Degeneration
2.1. Amplifier Analysis Steps
DC analysis: to calculate DC operating point to check operation of mosfet in saturation (VDS>Vov)
Calculate small signal parameters(gm,ro)
Determine Amplifier Parameters(Rin, Rout, Av, Ai)
Let's summarize all types of analysis to study amplifier parameters,
we have two types of analysis whether you are doing it by hand or on
simulator like cadence spectre simulator.
2.1.1. Large Signal Analysis
Voltage Gain
Current Gain
Input Resistance
Output Resistance
Bandwidth
2.1.2 Small Signal Analysis
Bias Point
Signal Swing
Distortion
2.1.3. Direct Analysis on Schematic
We can simplify our solution instead of every time removing every transistor and
draw its small signal model in order to deal with very large circuits that contains
alot of mos transistors. so first we can remove the vccs gmVgs & gmVbs and add them
and put them of mosfet drain branch.
to simplify more, we found that in most cases gate node is grounded when we are calculating
small signal model and also we always make the bulk grounded to neglect body effect so that means
that Vgs=Vbs so we can gm & gmb together in a single gm so delta_Id=(gm+gmb)delta_Vgs
2.1.4. Common Approximations we usually use:
intrinsic gain >>>1 because it is the max gain we can reach and these
approximations are relative for example you can find (1/gm)~=100Kohms
which is very large but you will find also that ro=10Mohms thats why I said
that approximations are relative
2.1.5. Rin/Rout Shortcuts
We can simplify the way we use when when we try to find input resistance and output resistance
of the amplifier, like as follow in figure below we can focus on three parts:
R_LFS: Resistance when looking from source
R_LFD: Resistance when looking from drain
Gate_resistance: is always very large so we doesn't care about calculating it
as in figure below:
<IP_ADDRESS>. Resistance Looking From Drain
The eye determines the that I want to see output resistance infront of the red vertical line opposite
to it, we will find in this case the gate is grounded which means that vgs is only controlled by
the voltage drop resistance Rs==>Vgs=-Ix*Rs and we can also neglect body effect as Vgs=Vbs because gate is grounded
so we can add gm & gmb to each other while calculating but keep in mind that they are of different
values. always try to solve as much as possible on the drawing instead of writting many equations,
after all these simplifications we have now only one equation left which is KCL @ node D
which is:$$i_x ={ (g_m+g_{mb})*(-i_xR_s)+{v_x-i_xR_S \over r_o}}$$
$$R_{LFD}={v_x \over i_x}={r_o+[(gm+gm_b)*r_o+1]R_S}={{r_o}+({g_m}+{g_{mb}}){r_o}R_s+R_s}=r_o[1+(gm+gm_b)R_s]+R_s$$
$$neglecting R_s: then, R_{LFD} \sim = r_o[1+(gm+gm_b)R_s]$$
which can get from it easily Vx/Ix which corresponds to
the value of resistance looking from drain we can neglect Rs comparing to gm*ro
we can only put gmb=0 when Rs=0 where we will not have body effect
We can say by this derivation that drain is acting like a high impedance node and to summarize we get
the following equation in figure and its special Case
<IP_ADDRESS>. Resistance Looking From Source
when looking from source we have same condition on gate where Vbs=Vgs & delta_Id=gm*delta_Vgs
but the voltage on source node will differ because we replaced rs with a voltage source of value Vx
and of current Ix which is injected to mosfet so Vgs=Vg-Vs=0-Vx=-Vx and to explain how idrain=isource
we can say that mosfet acts like a supernode where by conservation law of charge we can tell that the current
that entered this node from the source, it will exit also from drain after all these simplifications what
remains now is performing a kcl at source of mosfet.
KCl @ node S: $$i_x={(g_m+g_{mb})*v_x}+{ v_x-i_x*R_D \over r_o}$$
$$ R_{LFS}={v_x \over i_x}={1 \over {gm+gmb+{1 \over r_o}}}*{(1+{R_D \over r_o})}= {1 \over {g_m+g_{mb}}}*{(1+ {R_D \over r_o})}$$
$$R_{LFS}={1 \over {g_m+g_{mb}}}*{(1+{R_D \over r_o})}$$
$$ (@RD=0)$$ $$R_{LFS}={1 \over {g_m+g_{mb}}}$$
which means that source acts like low impedance node and this connection @Rd=0 we call it diode connected(gate and drain connected)
because @ this case vds=vgs which means that it is now not a voltage controlled current source and changed to a resistor of 1/gm
because id=gmvgs=gmvds====>R(diode connected)=Vds/Ids = 1/gm we call it also source absorbtion
in terms of large signal analysis the diode connected mosfet is always at saturation because vds=vgs and the condition
for saturation is Vds>Vgs-Vth which will always be satisfied
for below quiz we are trying to calculate Resistance when looking from source for a three cascoded mosfets in order
to calculate it we will first start with mosfet that is connected to ground in small signal analysis which is Vdd node in
case of Pmos as in figure below after calculating rseen from each mosfet we substitute the mosfet in the drawing with
derived R_LFS and then continue on the preceding mosfet and so on, you will find the answer in below quiz is very strange as
R_LFS=ro while we said before that resistancelookingfromsource is a low impedance node but ro is of very high impedance
and this occured due to cascoding transistors which raises our attention to the effect of cascode stages in the future when
we are talking about amplifiers
Lets summarize these equations as follow:
$$R_{in}={v_{in} \over i_{in}}$$
$$R_{out}={v_x \over i_x} @ v_{in}=0$$
$$G_m={i_{out,shortcircuit} \over v_{in}} @v_{out}=0$$
$$A_v={{G_m} R_{out}}$$
$$A_i={{G_m}R_{in}}$$
Remember that we can get first two equations of Rin& Rout from shortcuts that we learned before all remaining will be is
calculating transconductance using norton method and then at the end we can get voltage & current gain this method of
solution we call it divide and conquer where we simplified large problems into many small problems that we could solve it
independent of each other
3. Common Source Amplifier
Common Source Amplifier Parameters:
Remember that we are using the amplifier to amplify Vsig not Vin.
which corresponds to Vsignal.
3.1 Case 1. Rout=Inf. using Ideal Current Source
3.1.1 Theory
Intrinsic gain means maximum gain which I can obtain from a
single transistor
small signal analysis with rout=inf. by using ideal current source, first item you start
to debug in simulation is the bias point because all preceding parameters depend on it
3.1.2 simulation
you wil find vout(red curve) is larger than vin and also of phase difference of pi
when I bias with current source I no longer need to adjust Vds and worry about its effect on
gate voltage for losing control over the electron channel
3.1.3 Hand Analysis
First draw current branch on mosfet drain branch and draw ro in parallel with Vds
and vbs connect it to ground away from the circuit as in figure below
Second combine gm*vgs and gmb*vbs because gate is grounded and then combine them
in a single gm*vgs and calculate vout by applying kvl on the loop between vout and gnd
to obtain vout like in figure below which is equal to Vout=-(gm*Vgs)*ro and vin = Vgs
then we can obtain voltage gain(Av)=Vout/Vin=-gm*ro which demonstrates the results
that we obtained in the simulation
3.2 Case 2: using finite drain resistance
I removed dc value when plotting output by subtracting the output voltage from the average of the total signal using cadence calculator, you will find that they change in phase to explain this:
when vgs increases drain current increases which affect vout precedingly as voltage drop on resistance increases which makes Vout decreases thats why they have phase difference of pi==(180 degrees)
vds problem starts to rise here when we put finite resistance on the drain where it made
the amplifier with very low gain and when we increase Rout we can't increase it than ro=23.523Kohms
3.3. case 3: using finite drain & source resistance
3.3.1. Transconductance
first to calculate transconductance as we said before we will use norton method when we make vout=0(short circuit)
as in above figure and calculate iout,sc where now RD will disappear from our calculation because it is parallel with
a short circuit and the current will be equivalent to the mosfet drain current where we can get mosfet drain current
as follow:
$${i_{out,shortcircuit}}={-{g_m}{v_{gs}}+{{v_s} \over {r_o}}}$$
$$and, {v_{gs}}={{v_g}-{v_s}}=v_{in}-v_s$$
$$then,{i_{out,sc}=-g_{m}{(v_{in}-v_s)}+{{v_s} \over {r_o}}}$$
$$and, {v_s}=-{{i_{out,shortcircuit}}Rs}$$
$$then, {i_{out,sc}}=-g_{m}{(v_{in}-(-{{i_{out,sc}}Rs}))+{-{{i_{out,sc}}Rs} \over {r_o}}}$$
$$then, {i_{out,sc}[1+{g_{m}R_s}+{{R_s} \over {r_o}}]}=-{g_m}{v_{in}}$$
$$then, transconductance=G_m={i_{out,sc} \over v_{in}}={-{g_m} \over {[1+{g_{m}R_s}+{{R_s} \over {r_o}}]}}$$
3.3.2. Output Resistance
to calculate Rout which is equivalent to thevenin resistance where we will close any independent sources and try
to use Rin/Rout shortcuts:
$$R_{LFD}=r_{o}[1+(g_{m}+g_{mb})]R_s$$
$$R_{out}={R_{LFD}||R_D}={{R_D}||{{r_o}[1+(g_m+g_{mb})R_s]}}$$
from above equations we could now determine voltage gain and current gain where:
$$Voltagegain: A_v={{G_m}{R_{out}}}={{I_{out}\over V_{in}}*{V_{out}\over I_{out}}={V_{out}\over V_{in}}}$$
$$Currentgain: A_i={{G_m}R_{in}}={{I_{out}\over V_{in}}*{V_{in}\over I_{in}}={I_{out}\over I_{in}}}$$
<IP_ADDRESS>. Output Resistance Cases
we could have three cases to for RD:
if \(R_D\) is ac o.c.(currentsource): \(A_v=-g_m*ro\)
if \(R_D <<<< R_{LFD}\): \(A_v=-g_m*R_D\)
5. Cascode Amplifier
5.1. double stage telescopic cascode with ideal current source as load
5.1.1. Small Signal Analysis
<IP_ADDRESS> TransConductance
schematic below shows a simple model of cascode amplifier which we will try to calculate its parameters
like before as follow(notice that we neglected ro of M1 and remember that common base acts like current buffer):
$$i_{out,sc}=-{g_{m1}}v_{in}$$
$$G_{mtotal}={i_{out,sc} \over v_{in}}=-g_{m1}$$
Same Gm of CommonSource amplifier
We can solve it also in another way by solving each stage independently like solving first CommonSource stage and try
to get inorton you will find it is equal to -gm1 and rout seen from source of M2 as follow:
$$i_{norton,Shortcircuit}=-g_{m1}v_{in}$$
$$Transconductance_{firstStage}=-g_{m1}$$
$$i_{norton,shortcircuit}=-g_{m1}v_{in}$$
$$Transconductance_{secondStage}=-g_{m1}$$
<IP_ADDRESS>. Output Resistance
$$R_{LFDofM1}=ro1$$
$$R_{LFDofM2}=r_{o2}[1+(g_{m2}+g_{mb2}R_{LFDofM1})]$$
$$R_{outtotal}= \infty(currentsource) ||R_{LFDofM2}$$
$$=R_{LFDofM2}=r_{o2}{[1+(g_{m2}+g_{mb2}r_{o1})]} \sim ={(g_{m2}+g_{mb2})}{r_{o1}}{r_{o2}}$$
Rout is significantly boosted by that voltage gain is significantly boosted
Second Method:
$$R_{LFSofM2}={1 \over {g_m+g_{mb}}}*{(1+{R_D \over r_o})} where R_D= \infty ,so, R_{LFSofM2}=\infty$$
$$OutputResistance_{firststage}=R_{LFSofM2}||r_{o1}=r_{o1}$$
$$R_{LFDofM2}=r_{o2}[1+(g_{m}+g_{mb})]R_s$$
$$where,R_s=0,because, v_{x}=0(Thevenin condition),so,R_{LFDofM2} \sim =r_{o2}$$
$$OutputResistance_{secondstage}=\infty || R_{LFDofM2}=r_{o2}$$
<IP_ADDRESS>. Voltage Gain
First Method:
$$A_v =G_{mtotal} R_{outtotal} \sim = -{g_{m1}(g_{m1}+g_{mb2})r_{o1}r_{o2}}$$
by assuming all gm and ro are equal and neglecting body effect we can get:
$$A_v=-(g_m r_o)^2$$
Second Method:
$$VoltageGain_{M1}=A_{v1}=G_{m1}*R_{outofm1}=-g{m1}*r{o1}$$
$$VoltageGain_{M2}=A_{v2}=G_{m2}*R_{outofm2}=-g{m1}*r{o2}$$
$$TotalVoltageGain={v{out} \over v_{in}}={v{out} \over v_{x}}*{v{x} \over v_{in}}=A_{v1}*A_{v2}=-(g_m r_o)^2$$
5.2. Large Signal Analysis
how Vbias affects the circuit and what do I need from it? first I use it to keep M1 in sat and
to keep M1 in sat we need Vds1>Vgs1-Vth1 where the worst case is at the largest value of Vgs because this case will
put limits on VB to keep M1 in sat so:
$$V_B>V_{GS2}+V_{DS1,max},Where, V_{DS1,max}={V_{overdrive,max}=V_{in,max}-V_{Th1}}$$
$$Then, V_B>V_{GS2}+(V_{in,max}-V_{Th1}) $$
second thing I need from VB is to keep also M2 in sat where:
$$to \space keep \space M2 \space in \space sat: V_{DS2}>V_{GS2}-V_{TH2},$$
$$by \space removing \space S_2 \space from \space both \space sides$$
$$\therefore V_{D2}>V_{G2}-V_{Th2}$$
$$where, V_{G2}=V_B, and, V_{D2}=V_{out}, then, V_{out}>{V_B-V{Th2}}$$
$$then, V_B < {V_{out,min}-V_{Th2}}$$
where Vout,min is the minimum voltage required to keep M1,M2 sat which is equal to 2Voverdrive
by combining our derived limits we get:
$$V_{GS2}+(V_{in,max}-V_{Th1}) < V_B < {V_{out,min}-V_{Th2}}$$
which means that limits on output range is oppositely coupled with input range as condition of Vout,min
must be larger than Vin,max + VGS2 for same threshold voltage in order to specify an amount for
VB if this doesn't happen we will either hurt input or output range
5.2.1. double stage telescopic cascode with finite resistance RD as load
when we use finite Resistance RD by that we remove the effect of boosting Rout so what
do I got benefitted from using cascoded transistors in this case we are increasing voltage gain but it will
affect the bandwidth of the circuit which we will discuss later on
5.3. double stage telescopic cascode with active cascode load
5.3.1. Small Signal Analysis
If we want to keep the large Rout, we must use cascode load why not a current source because
in real life there is nothing called ideal current source but we create current source using transistors
and why not using single stage because output resistance of the load will be small compared to o/p resistance
of the driving cascode so it will act like previous case of using finite RD
assuming all gm and ro are equal and neglecting body effect we can get:
$$A_v=-{(g_m r_o)^2 \over 2}$$ we divided by two because Rout seen from the load in this case is
equal to Rout seen from the driver in this case so total Rout is equivalent to parallelism
of them
5.3.2. Large Signal Analysis
We are concerned about it now because we are now talking about a circuit that
can be implemented in real life so we are concerned about biasing the circuit correctly, we now that
for every transistor its drain-source voltage must be greater than overdrive voltage so:
$$ V_{DSM4}+V_{DSM3}=V_{DD}-V_{SM4}+V_{SM4}-V_{out}=V_{DD}-V{out}>2*V_{ov}$$
$$then, V_{out} <{ 2*V_{ov} }$$
to make M3 & M4 stays in sat region(upper limit)
and also:
$$ V_{DSM1}+V_{DSM2}=(V_{out}-V_{SM1})+(V_{SM1}-0)=V_{out}>2V_{ov}$$
to make M1 & M2 stays in sat region(lower limit)
and you can remember also the other parameters in large signal analysis by returning in index or you can
continue with me we are now concerned with output swing. which we can calculate from upper, lower limits
where outputswing=upperlimit-lowerlimit= VDD-4Vov which is demonstrated in figure below:
5.4. double stage Folded cascode with ideal current source as load
The difference between folded cascode and telescopic cascode is that in telescopic to increase stages, we increase
the number of common gate stages that we add above common source where in folded cascode common source stage
is coupled with a current source and a second common gate stage where current is divided among them, but Ib1
biases common-source stage and common-gate stage so we now have two branches which means double the power consumption
but here source resistance of M2 is a parallel combination between output resistance of IB1 and output resistance of M1
$$R_{lookingfromSourceofM2}={r_o \over 2}$$ which means lower Rout then lower gain
$$V_{in,min}>-|V_{TH1}| + V_B - V_{GS2}$$
$$V_{out,min}>{V_B - V_{TH2}}$$
Mostly when we bias transistors we don't bias it at edge of saturation but a little deeper which help me increase ro and by
that increase intrinsic gain and help to achieve an amplifier with a perfect Performance,


There was a bloated janitor, and all his friends were dead.
Echoes of their voices bounced round inside his head.
He was terribly stressed.
And so, to blot out the echoes of the past, he fled
To Chris and Tim and Lindsay, to Dagmar, John and Fred
Who played Unrest.
(With a nod to The Plain People of England.)


Performance test.
Number of children to add:
Add children
Render in
0
milliseconds
Delete all selected


Form Demos
First Name
Second Name
First Name
Second Name
First Name
Second Name
First Name
Second Name


Original square icon:
Top alignment:
Middle alignment (default):
Bottom alignment:
Top alignment with crop:
Middle alignment with crop:
Bottom alignment with crop:


{% extends 'website/layout.html' %} {% block content %}
Beep! On 26 June 1974, a packet of chewing gum became the first barcoded product to be scanned in store. Today, barcodes play a crucial supply chain role, ensuring products hit retail shelves at the right times.
We manage the barcode standard used by retailers, manufacturers and suppliers. If you want to put a barcode on an item that can be scanned anywhere in the world, you need to talk to us.
But although our story started with the barcode, our standards have evolved to reflect and influence the world in which we live and work.
They boost efficiency in many sectors, from retail and health to transport and logistics. Always working for our members, we’re opening doors and driving down the costs of doing business.
Over the last 40 years, we’ve opened offices in over 100 countries and amassed more than a million members using supply chain standards that make business easier. Learn about key dates in our history.
Industry leaders in the US select a single standard for product identification. Still used today, it’s known as the GS1 barcode.
On 26 April, a packet of chewing gum becomes the first barcoded product to be scanned in a supermarket.
The European Article Numbering (EAN) Association — later called GS1 — opens an office in Brussels. Its founding members launch an identification system to improve supply chain efficiency.
As barcodes have proved their reliability and usefulness in real-world environments, they are extended and used on product outer cases.
With wide area networks making an impact on supply chains, we create our first international standard for electronic data interchange.
The US and international arms of GS1 come together formally, creating a single organisation with a presence in 45 countries.
We expand our work into the healthcare sector, working closely with healthcare bodies and providers.
After significant research and design, the GS1 DataBar is created. This holds more information than a barcode, yet is significantly smaller.
In just ten years, we double the number of countries in which we have a local presence.
Our Global Standards Management Process is launched. This global forum gives GS1 members one place to discuss standards.
With Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Chips becoming more common, we create a standard for their implementation and use.
As ecommerce grows, we begin to create open standards that give consumers direct access to key product information.
With a presence in over 100 countries and more than a million members, we celebrate 40 years of the global language of business.


Core52's Form object is a powerful tool for safe and easy form processing. It handles validation, error messages, filtering and sanitizing data, and rendering form fields.
Form::__construct($method, $data = NULL, $sanitize = 'xss')
When creating a Form instance, you can specify the data source for input ($_GET, $_POST, $_REQUEST, or a custom array), and can enable automatic filtering of all inputs (supported threat filters are xss and sql. You can specify both using a pipe-delimited list:
# use $_GET and prevent XSS and SQL Injection $form = new Form('get', NULL, 'xss|sql');
To add fields to your form, call the add_field() method. Pass an associative array with any or all of the following settings:
name
rules
type
text
(default), password
, textarea
, hidden
, select
, checkbox
, radio
, and upload
. label
name
setting will produce the label “User Name”)filters
default
values
table|index column|value column|where clause|order clause
attributes
Example:
$form->add_field(array( 'name' => 'username', 'type' => 'text', 'rules' => 'required|valid_username|min_length[6]', 'default' => $user->username, 'attributes' => array('id' => 'username'), ));
You can pass additional settings than those accepted by add_field()
. Any such extra fields will be treated as HTML attributes. Thus, the above example could be re-written as:
$form->add_field(array( 'name' => 'username', 'type' => 'text', 'rules' => 'required|valid_username|min_length[6]', 'default' => $user->username, 'id' => 'username', ));
Use the add_fields()
method to add multiple fields at once:
$form->add_fields(array( array( 'name' => 'username', 'rules' => 'required', ), array( 'name' => 'password', 'type' => 'password', 'rules' => 'required', ), ));
To validate your form, call the validate() method, which will return TRUE only if it detects that the form has been submitted AND all the validation checks succeeded without errors. A typical controller code block will look like this:
$form = new Form(); $form->add_fields($fields); # check to see if a valid form was submitted if($form->validate()) { // process the form // ... } elseif($form->submitted()) { // submitted, so there must be errors FastView::Data('errors' $form->errors); } FastView::Data('fields', $form->render_fields());
The submitted()
method checks for the presence of a “trigger field” to determine if the form was submitted or not. By default, the trigger field is form_submitted
although you can pass a different field name. See the “View” section below for instructions on setting up the trigger field in your form.
If you prefer to display errors next to the fields they belong to, simply pass $form->errors
to your view after running $form->validate()
. This will be an associative array (field => error message). By default, the error messages are formatted like so:
{message}
Edit the public wrap_field_error
property on your Form
instance to modify this behavior.
If you prefer a single error message at the top of your form, then call $form->error_message()
to get an HTML list of errors which you can include in your page. The default template for the error message is:

{message}

This can be customized using the set_error_template()
method.
You don’t have to render all your form fields. Simply pass the associative array returned from the render_fields()
method to your view and either loop or hand place each field.
error
HTML class will be added to the offending form fields.When setting up the HTML form in your view, be sure to match the method attribute to the data source you are using in your form (see the “Form Instance” section above).
Also you will need to include a trigger field. This works with the default settings:
<input type="hidden" name="form_submitted" value="1" />
A login form might look like this:
<form action="/login" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="form_submitted" value="1" />
<?=$fields['username'];> <?=$errors['username'];?>

<?=$fields['password'];?> <?=$errors['password'];?>

<input type="submit" value="Log In" />
 </form>
If you’re using $_GET or $_POST you might be tempted to fetch the submitted data from those arrays. If you do this you will not benefit from the sanitation and filtering features that the Core52 Form object provides.
The correct way to fetch data is to use the field() method:
$username = $form->field('username');
Sanitizing on a per-field basis can be done by passing the desired setting as the second parameter:
$username = $form->field('username', 'sql'); // sanitize for SQL injection