Chapter 4 R Scripts and Notebooks
An R script is a series of commands that you can execute at one time and help you save time. So you don’t repeat the same steps every time you want to execute the same process with different datasets. An R script is just a plain text file with R commands in it.
To create an R script in RStudio, you need to
Open a new script file: File > New File > R Script
Write some code on your new script window by typing eg.
mtcars
Run the script. Click anywhere on the line of code, then hit Ctrl + Enter (Windows) or Cmd + Enter (Mac) to run the command or select the code chunk and click run on the right-top corner of your script window. If do that, you should get:
mtcars
## mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
## Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
## Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
## Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
## Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
## Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
## Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
## Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4
## Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2
## Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2
## Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4
## Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4
## Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0 0 3 3
## Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3
## Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0 0 3 3
## Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0 0 3 4
## Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82 0 0 3 4
## Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4
## Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1
## Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2
## Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1
## Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1
## Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0 0 3 2
## AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0 0 3 2
## Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41 0 0 3 4
## Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2
## Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1
## Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2
## Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2
## Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50 0 1 5 4
## Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6
## Maserati Bora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60 0 1 5 8
## Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60 1 1 4 2
- Save the script: File > Save As, select your required destination folder, and enter any filename that you like, provided that it ends with the file extension .R
An R Notebook is an R Markdown document with descriptive text and code chunks that can be executed independently and interactively, with output visible immediately beneath a code chunk - see Xie, Allaire, and Grolemund (2019).
To create an R Notebook, you need to:
- Open a new script file: File > New File > R Notebook
- Insert code chunks, either:
- use the Insert command on the editor toolbar;
- use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Alt + I or Cmd + Option + I (Mac); or,
- type the chunk delimiters
```{r}
and```
In a chunk code you can produce text output, tables, graphics and write code! You can control these outputs via chunk options which are provided inside the curly brackets eg.
Execute code: hit “Run Current Chunk”, Ctrl + Shift + Enter or Cmd + Shift + Enter (Mac)
Save an R notebook: File > Save As. A notebook has a
*.Rmd
extension and when it is saved a*.nb.html
file is automatically created. The latter is a self-contained HTML file which contains both a rendered copy of the notebook with all current chunk outputs and a copy of the *.Rmd file itself.
Rstudio also offers a Preview option on the toolbar which can be used to create pdf, html and word versions of the notebook. To do this, choose from the drop-down list menu knit to ...
References
Xie, Yihui, JJ Allaire, and Garrett Grolemund. 2019. R Markdown: The Definitive Guide. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Chapman & Hall Book. https://bookdown.org/yihui/rmarkdown/.


Windows CPT Installer
Certificate
Windows Installation:
c:\user\downloads\>plgx_cpt.exe -p -i < SERVER_IP(x.x.x.x) > -k < Full path to the certificate file >
Note: Download CPT installer and Certificate both for installation. Use the respective command from terminal for installation.
Linux CPT Installer
Linux Based Installation:
sudo bash plgx_cpt.sh -p -i < SERVER_IP(x.x.x.x) > -port 9000
Note: Download CPT installer for installation. Use the respective command from terminal for installation using sudo.
Darwin CPT Installer
Darwin Based Installation:
sudo bash plgx_cpt.sh -p -i < SERVER_IP(x.x.x.x) > -port 9000
Note: Download CPT installer for installation. Use the respective command from terminal for installation using sudo.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Example - Passing data {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/breadcrumb_examples.html" %} What type of vehicle do you have? What type of vehicle do you have? Car Lorry Ice-cream van {% endblock %}
What type of vehicle do you have?


- get(String) - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.CustomerManager
-
Retrieves a customer from the database with the give phone number.
- get(MenuItem) - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Order
-
Get the quantity of a particular item on the order.
- getAddress() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Customer
-
- getClosed() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Order
-
Return whether the order has been closed or not.
- getCreationDate() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Order
-
The date that this order was created, in the format YYYY-MM-DD
- getCustomer() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Order
-
Returns a reference to the customer.
- getDayTotal() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Main
-
Get the total takings for the day.
- getIsCash() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Order
-
Return whether an order is to be paid in cash or not.
- getItem(int) - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Menu
-
Get a MenuItem from the menu identified by it's item number.
- getItemNo() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.MenuItem
-
- getName() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Customer
-
- getName() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.MenuItem
-
- getOrders(Customer) - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Main
-
Gets an array of orders that belong to a given customer.
- getPhoneNo() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Customer
-
- getPrice() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.MenuItem
-
- getStatus() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Order
-
Returns the status of this order (NEW, or PAID)
- getTotal() - Method in class au.edu.griffith.ict.Order
-
Get the total price of the items on the order.


---- layout: post title: About: Andrew Caird categories: about tags: about running computer hpc resume andrew caird ----
a data analysis and visualization dilettante, a non-competitive runner, and a hobbyist photographer who earns a living working in High-performance Computing at the University of Michigan.


File.h file
A file.
Classes
- struct MyException
- An exception.
Functions
- void foo()
- A function that throws.
Function documentation
void foo()
A function that throws.
| Exceptions | |
|---|---|
| std::runtime_exception | This one doesn't have a reference |
| MyException | This one does |


killer micro
`Prev `__
K
`Next `__
--------------
**killer micro**: n.
[popularized by Eugene Brooks c.1990] A microprocessor-based machine
that infringes on mini, mainframe, or supercomputer performance turf.
Often heard in “No one will survive the attack of the killer micros!”,
the battle cry of the downsizers.
The popularity of the phrase ‘attack of the killer micros’ is doubtless
reinforced by the title of the movie *Attack Of The Killer Tomatoes*
(one of the `*canonical* <../C/canonical.html>`__ examples of
so-bad-it's-wonderful among hackers). This has even more
`*flavor* <../F/flavor.html>`__ now that killer micros have gone on the
offensive not just individually (in workstations) but in hordes (within
massively parallel computers).
[2002 update: Eugene Brooks was right. Since this term first entered the
Jargon File in 1990, the minicomputer has effectively vanished, the
`*mainframe* <../M/mainframe.html>`__ sector is in deep and apparently
terminal decline, and even the supercomputer business has contracted
into a smaller niche. It's networked killer micros as far as the eye can
see. —ESR]
--------------
+-------------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------------+
| `Prev `__ | `Up <../K.html>`__ | `Next `__ |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------------+
| killer app | `Home <../index.html>`__ | killer poke |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------------+


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Please wait while the major requirement of each class is found.


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Please follow each step completely. Use the other lessons and resources (Mozilla Developer Network) to help you. You may also get help from your classmates. Kevin and Adam will be able to help, so if you get stuck, raise your hand to let them know.
The next thing we need to do is to figure out which Pokémon will be
placed on which tiles. To do this, we will write code into the
assignPokemonToTiles
function in our JavaScript file. But
before we do that, we need to talk about our strategy for storing the
Pokémon information.
Our tiles are laid out in a two-dimensional fashion (four rows by four columns). However, in order to make things easier for us, our Pokémon information will be stored in a one-dimensional list. This basically means we will have 16 Pokémon names in one array, and every title will have to know which index to use to match up with its Pokémon information.
First, we will add index information to our tiles in the
renderTiles
function, so that we can use it later on. Then we
will create our list of Pokémon.
Inside renderTiles
, we need to make two changes:
index
variable at the beginning of the function
First, let's create our index
variable. We will use a
let
declaration because we will be changing the value as we
create our tiles. This declaration should go before anything else in the
renderTiles
function.
Now that we have created our index
variable, we will use it
and increment it as we create tiles.
Inside your inner for loop, after we create the $tile
but before we append it to $tileRow
, we need to set our index
on the tile.
We can do this setting a data-index
attribute on each tile.
Add these lines between when we create the $tile
variable and
when we append it to $tileRow
:
Make sure to save all files and refresh your preview to make sure we haven't broken anything.
The next thing we need to do is to come up with a list of our Pokémon names. We will have 8 Poké, each of which will appear in two different tiles.
Inside the jQuery function at the very top (above renderTiles
),
let's declare a variable representing our Pokémon names. Since we
have to name each Pok´mon twice, the simplest way to do this is to
just name them explicitly:
Now that we have our main source of Pokémon names, we need to assign
those Pokémon randomly to our tiles. We will do this in the
assignPokemonToTiles
function.
First, let's create another variable, just below pokemonNames. This variable will contain the actual Pokémon tile assignments.
Inside assignPokemonToTiles
, we will start by creating a copy
of the pokemonNames
variable and assigning it to
pokemonTiles
. We use a function called slice()
to
do that:
Then we need to shuffle the pokemonTiles array. This is where our
shuffle
function comes in. We will give you the code for
shuffling an array:
Then make sure to call shuffle
on the pokemonTiles
array.
Your assignPokemonToTiles
function should look like this:
Now we need to use .data
to ensure that each tile knows what
Pokémon it holds.
In order to do this, we will use a for
loop and iterate over
pokemonTiles
. We will use jQuery's .data()
function for this. (We could just assign the Pokémon names as CSS
classes, but that means anyone can use Chrome Developer Tools to cheat!)
Write a for
loop that goes from zero to
gridSize * gridSize
.
Inside that loop, we want to look up the tile with the same index. This is done using a selector we haven't covered yet called an attribute selector. Below is what we need to put in the loop:
Make sure the page still works. When you are done, raise your hand so that Adam or Kevin can check on your work and make sure you're good to start the next section.


Welcome to Team Mystic
If you chose the wrong page, click on the following links to go to the correct page.
Observe. Adapt. Evolve.
Facts about this Mystic bird
Articuno, known as Freezer in Japan, is a fictional character in the Pokémon franchise. Articuno is one of the three winged mirage Legendary Pokémon, along with Zapdos and Moltres. It is a large bird, noted for its ability to control cold.
Its first appearence was in the Game Boy video games Pokemon Red, Blue and Yellow.
This is the very first Pokemon to appear in the latest version of Pokemon, Pokemon GO. It has made its very first apperence, of the three birds, in Ohio.


---
layout: post
title: ! 'Note to Boston/Cambridge from a Bicyclist RE: Bikelanes - STOP HELPING!'
published: true
date: 2008-09-03
categories: []
posterous_url: http://verdammelt.posterous.com/note-to-bostoncambridge-from-a
posterous_slug: note-to-bostoncambridge-from-a
---
Really, the bike lanes that you are painting are dangerous. They are
mostly right in the door zone!


Please choose your gender:
Which job are you interested in applying? (Choose all that apply)
Why are you interested in applying for the selected position?


New Google Earth features let users create personal narratives via digital location tours
SAN FRANCISCO, Nov 22 — Google has announced a new collection of tools that help users create a map or story of their favourite places.
Because the location that a personal event took place is often as special as the memory itself, Google has invented a way that users can take their friends and families on digital tours of various places within Earth.
With a series of new tools in Google Earth, “you can draw your own placemarks, lines and shapes, then attach your own custom text, images, and videos to these locations.” The places can be organized into a story which can then be edited by people you invite. When completed, the presentation can be shared with others who can “fly from place to place in your custom-made Google Earth narrative.”
These stories are similar to those that have been available via Voyager, a program that also brought digital guided tours to users; however, the creation of such narratives was reserved for a select group of storytellers.
Though these digital tours can only be created with Google Earth on the web, they can be viewed with iOS and Android devices. — AFP-Relaxnews


Your browser does not support the audio element.
Back to Game Options
X-SNAKE
(Multi Player mode)
Player 1
Cobra
Player 2
Viper
Game speed
Very Slow
Slow
Normal
Fast
Very Fast
To start a new game press F5
PLAYER 2 SCORES
00
PLAYER 1 SCORES
00


Ferrari drivers escape punishment after Brazilian GP F1 collision
by Matt BeerThe Brazilian Grand Prix stewards have ruled that neither Charles Leclerc nor Sebastian Vettel was "predominantly to blame" for the collision between the Ferrari Formula 1 team-mates.
Vettel was repassing Leclerc for fourth during their late-race battle at Interlagos when they made contact on the straight approaching the Descida do Lago.
Both retired as a result of damage from the incident, and they were summoned to the stewards shortly after the race.
After discussing the collision with the two drivers and a team representative, the stewards decided no penalty was necessary.
"The stewards determined that both drivers had the opportunity avoid or mitigate the incident and therefore that neither driver is predominantly at fault," read the official verdict. "Therefore the stewards take no further action."
With both drivers having retired from the race, penalty points on their licences would have been the most likely option had the ruling been that a punishing was required.
Hulkenberg penalised for safety car breach
Renault's Nico Hulkenberg did receive a penalty for overtaking the Haas of Kevin Magnussen for 16th before the startline during the first safety car restart.
Five seconds were added to Hulkenberg's race time, dropping him from 11th to 15th, and he also had one penalty point added to his licence.
The stewards noted that the positions were swiftly reversed because Magnussen repassed Hulkenberg at the first corner, but "determined that this was a regular pass and that car #27 [Hulkenberg] did not give way in a deliberate manner" so did not count this as handing the place back in atonement.


Porygon is a pokédex website that allows you to search for Pokémon based on name, type and egg group. Information ranging from the effectiveness and resistances of certain types to the stats of individual Pokémon can be found here. Results are instant and clearly organised!


This website contains links to my github repositories of personal and study related codes and projects to demonstrate a selection of my skills in GIS, Data Science and coding.
I work full time as an IT Support Engineer and working towards a career change as a Data Scientist or GIS Analyst. I am studying for my MSc in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) via distance learning with the University Of Leeds
(https://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/study/masters/courses/msc-in-gis-via-odl/) and doing a Data Science Bootcamp with Cambridge Spark (https://cambridgespark.com/).
GIS Projects and Codes -
Programming For Geographical Information Analysis
Assessment 1 - Python - Agent Based Model (ABM)
A simple ABM implemented in Python, displaying 10 agents moving randomly and
interacting with each other and resources within their environment by eating, collecting and storing
resources and sharing resources with neighbours. The implementation uses Python list for
storing and manipulating data and matplotlib for plotting.
Assessment 2 - Python - Black Death
Implemented in Python and Jupyter notebook to show the scale of deaths in the Black Death of 1665. The plague was attributed to fleas from
black rats infecting people. The model uses Python lists and numpy arrays to store and manipulate data used for mapping the population densities of 16 parishes in London and the rats caught.
It outputs the average weekly death and total weekly death and also a map for the average weekly death.
Geocomputation -
Methods in Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Assessment 1
Hands-on exposure to various methods from the field of AI and examining how these methods can be used to solve different types of
geographical problems. The AI methods studied were: Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, Microsimulation, Location Planning,
Visualisation and Agent Based Modelling (ABM).
An Agent Based Model (ABM) implemented in NetLogo - Assessment 2
Implemented in Netlogo this is an ABM modelling the flow of a crowd from a building during an emergency and it shows
the influence the following have on crowd exiting the building:
the design of the building - the placement of pillar near the exit and the width of exit,
the age and mobility of people in the crowd.
Spatial Analysis -
SPSS and R - Assessment 1
Demonstrate skills in conducting spatial analyses by using R and SPSS to conduct correlation and multiple regression on data for voter turnout for Bradford 1997
ArcGIS to map Crime Patterns - Assessment 2
An exploration of patterns in crime data for the wards in Leeds, UK, for the period 2000-03 using ArcGIS and spatial analytical
and mapping techniques such as Thematic point based maps, Choropleth maps, Kernel Density, Getis Ord Gi* and
Geographical Analysis Machine (GAM).
Using GIS -
Data Science - (Sept 2018 - June 2019) -
Course Schedule, Projects and Codes
01 Sept - Induction, account setup, pre-course Python exercises
Two Python exercises:
using matplotlib to plot science data
using regular expression to find UK postcodes in a piece of text
10 Sept - Python Exercises and Intoduction to Jupyter notebooks
An introduction to using Jupyter notebook which will be used extensively in this course
15 Sept - Building Foundations: Tools, Mathematics, and Best Practices for Data Scientists
Link to Jupyter notebooks completed for :
Introduction to using numpy
Introduction to using pandas
Linear Algebra
Probability
Optimisation
06 Oct - Data Exploration, Supervised Learning, and Feature Engineering
Link to Jupyter notebook completed for:
Exploratory Data Analysis(EDA) with Pandas
Preprocessing
Linear Regression
Subspaces
Principal Components Analysis (PCA)
27 Oct - Classification, Model Selection, and Regularisation
No material added
17 Nov - Regression, Time Series, and Unsupervised Learning
No material added
08 Dec - Cloud Computing and Databases
No material added
29 Dec - Processing Big Data
No material added
19 Jan - Big Data Systems
No material added
09 Feb - Ensemble Methods
No material added
02 Mar - Neural Networks and Deep Learning
No material added
23 Mar - Natural Language Processing
No material added
06 Apr - Start of capstone projects
No material added
01 Jun - End of Bootcamp and capstone project conclusion
No material added


This was an html project about writing the word "hello" in different languages.
This was my first webpage assignment where I used strong tags and inserted my first url link. This was created just with HTML
This was an HTML assignmet where I fixed spacing and indentation.
This was an assignment using CSS and HTML to create an interior decorating page and adding columns.
Let me tell you a little about myself. Below is a list of a fews things that pretty much sums me up:
But for more detail... I graduated from Oregon State University with two Bachelor Degrees, one in Fashion Merchandising and the other in Accounting. I am currently a Product Developer at Nordstrom for our Young Customer dept. I help develop hats, scarves and handbags.
I have recently launched a business with a couple of friends for a chic-active legging line that donates a portion of the profits to orphans in Botswana. This recent business project spiked my interet to learn some coding in case I ever want to make modifications to our site or create other websites. I also one day want to work remotely (did I mention I'm addicted to travel?)


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block title %}MyContacts{% endblock title %} {% block content %}
Hi and welcome to MyContacts App, this is a app projected to store and manege contacts. I idealized to pratice my semesters leaning if you want, can clone this in my github
Do not use real data in that application!


Writing on GitHub.com
2015 goal: learn once, apply often.
I like to write books.
And I wrote the majority of it while using git.
This made changes easy to read and share
It made pull requests possible
And it made the creative process transparent
My hack advice...
think about what you know very well...
and use it in non-traditional ways.
Use GitHub to write ebooks!
The Quartz author wrote his article on GitHub.com
Book GitHub Repo: github.com/gregorygershwin
Book: http://bit.ly/BBGithub


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import config.FrontendAppConfig @import controllers.leadtrustee.individual.routes._ @import views.html.components.{HeadingWithCaption, Link} @this( main_template: MainTemplate, formHelper: FormWithCSRF, appConfig: FrontendAppConfig, headingWithCaption: HeadingWithCaption, link: Link ) @(name: String)(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages) @main_template( title = messages("leadTrustee.individual.matching.locked.title") ) { @headingWithCaption( messagePrefix = "leadTrustee.individual.matching.locked", optionalParam = Some(name), hiddenText = false )
@messages("leadTrustee.individual.matching.locked.paragraph1", name)
@messages("leadTrustee.individual.matching.locked.paragraph2", name)
@messages("leadTrustee.individual.matching.locked.paragraph3", name)
@messages("leadTrustee.individual.matching.locked.paragraph4", name) @link( MatchingLockedController.continue().url, "provide-passport-or-id-details", messages("leadTrustee.individual.matching.locked.paragraph4.a") )
@link( appConfig.maintainATrustOverview, "return-to-trust-overview", messages("leadTrustee.individual.matching.locked.trust_overview") )
}


Problem Description
X soldiers from the famous "*FFF* army" is standing in a line, from left to right.
You, as the captain of *FFF*, decides to have a "number off", that is, each soldier, from left to right, calls out a number. The first soldier should call "One", each other soldier should call the number next to the number called
out by the soldier on his left side. If every soldier has done it right, they will call out the numbers from 1 to X, one by one, from left to right.
Now we have a continuous part from the original line. There are N soldiers in the part. So in another word, we have the soldiers whose id are between A and A+N-1 (1 <= A <= A+N-1 <= X). However, we don’t know the exactly value of A, but we are sure the soldiers
stands continuously in the original line, from left to right.
We are sure among those N soldiers, exactly one soldier has made a mistake. Your task is to find that soldier.
You, as the captain of *FFF*, decides to have a "number off", that is, each soldier, from left to right, calls out a number. The first soldier should call "One", each other soldier should call the number next to the number called
out by the soldier on his left side. If every soldier has done it right, they will call out the numbers from 1 to X, one by one, from left to right.
Now we have a continuous part from the original line. There are N soldiers in the part. So in another word, we have the soldiers whose id are between A and A+N-1 (1 <= A <= A+N-1 <= X). However, we don’t know the exactly value of A, but we are sure the soldiers
stands continuously in the original line, from left to right.
We are sure among those N soldiers, exactly one soldier has made a mistake. Your task is to find that soldier.
Input
The rst line has a number T (T <= 10) , indicating the number of test cases.
For each test case there are two lines. First line has the number N, and the second line has N numbers, as described above. (3 <= N <= 105)
It guaranteed that there is exactly one soldier who has made the mistake.
For each test case there are two lines. First line has the number N, and the second line has N numbers, as described above. (3 <= N <= 105)
It guaranteed that there is exactly one soldier who has made the mistake.
Output
For test case X, output in the form of "Case #X: L", L here means the position of soldier among the N soldiers counted from left to right based on 1.
Sample Input
2 3 1 2 4 3 1001 1002 1004
Sample Output
Case #1: 3 Case #2: 3
题意：队列里所有人进行报数，要找出报错的那个人
思路：其实是很水的题，只要找出序列中与钱一个人的数字差不是1的人即可，但是要注意的是这些人是从一个队列中间截取下来的，所以很有可能第一个人就报错了，一开始没有考虑这种状况所以出错了
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; int num[100005]; int main() { int T,cas = 1,n,i,x,flag; scanf("%d",&T); while(T--) { scanf("%d",&n); x = -1; flag = -1; for(i = 0; i<n; i++) scanf("%d",&num[i]); for(i = 1;i<n;i++) { if(num[i]-num[i-1]!=1) flag = i+1; } if(flag==-1) flag = 1; printf("Case #%d: ",cas++); printf("%d\n",flag); } return 0; }
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。
参考：http://blog.csdn.net/libin56842/article/details/11580807
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#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-def test(): num_1 = int(input(‘测试组数：’)) for n1 in range(num_1): num_2 = int(input(‘测试数目：’)) L = [] for n2 in range(num_2): num_3 = int(input()) L.append(num_3) for i in range(1, num_2): if L – L[i-1] != 1: print(‘Case #{}: {}’.format(n1 + 1, i + 1))if __name__ == ‘__main__’: test()


LUA
Section: User Commands (1)Updated: $Date: 2006/01/06 16:03:34 $
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
lua - Lua interpreterSYNOPSIS
lua [ options ] [ script [ args ] ]DESCRIPTION
lua is the stand-alone Lua interpreter. It loads and executes Lua programs, either in textual source form or in precompiled binary form. (Precompiled binaries are output by luac, the Lua compiler.) lua can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.The given options (see below) are executed and then the Lua program in file script is loaded and executed. The given args are available to script as strings in a global table named arg. If these arguments contain spaces or other characters special to the shell, then they should be quoted (but note that the quotes will be removed by the shell). The arguments in arg start at 0, which contains the string 'script'. The index of the last argument is stored in arg.n. The arguments given in the command line before script, including the name of the interpreter, are available in negative indices in arg.
At the very start, before even handling the command line, lua executes the contents of the environment variable LUA_INIT, if it is defined. If the value of LUA_INIT is of the form '@filename', then filename is executed. Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
Options start with '-' and are described below. You can use '--' to signal the end of options.
If no arguments are given, then -v -i is assumed when the standard input is a terminal; otherwise, - is assumed.
In interactive mode, lua prompts the user, reads lines from the standard input, and executes them as they are read. If a line does not contain a complete statement, then a secondary prompt is displayed and lines are read until a complete statement is formed or a syntax error is found. So, one way to interrupt the reading of an incomplete statement is to force a syntax error: adding a ';' in the middle of a statement is a sure way of forcing a syntax error (except inside multiline strings and comments; these must be closed explicitly). If a line starts with '=', then lua displays the values of all the expressions in the remainder of the line. The expressions must be separated by commas. The primary prompt is the value of the global variable _PROMPT, if this value is a string; otherwise, the default prompt is used. Similarly, the secondary prompt is the value of the global variable _PROMPT2. So, to change the prompts, set the corresponding variable to a string of your choice. You can do that after calling the interpreter or on the command line (but in this case you have to be careful with quotes if the prompt string contains a space; otherwise you may confuse the shell.) The default prompts are "> " and ">> ".
OPTIONS
- -
- load and execute the standard input as a file, that is, not interactively, even when the standard input is a terminal.
- -e stat
- execute statement stat. You need to quote stat if it contains spaces, quotes, or other characters special to the shell.
- -i
- enter interactive mode after script is executed.
- -l name
- call require('name') before executing script. Typically used to load libraries.
- -v
- show version information.
SEE ALSO
luac(1)http://www.lua.org/
DIAGNOSTICS
Error messages should be self explanatory.AUTHORS
R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, and W. Celes
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:05 GMT, December 24, 2015


National Championship Tournament - Cincinatti, OH
April 17-19, 2015
Placement: Princeton placed 10th in the tournament out of 48 teams.
Witness Awards: Kevin Wong '17
Attorney Awards:
Opening Round Championship Series - Washington, DC
March 14-2, 2015
Placement: The A team took 2nd place with a 7-1 record, qualifying for Nationals.
Witness Awards: Kevin Wong '17, Jeffrey Gleason '18, Alice Longenbach '18
Attorney Awards: Tyler Lee '15, Taylor Hinojosa '15
Regionals - Baltimore, MA
February 21-22, 2015
Placement: 937 placed 1st in the tournament and qualified for ORCS with a 7-0-1 record. 936 also qualified for ORCS with a 7-1-0 record.
Witness Awards: Paul Riley '15, Shuyang Li '16, Charlotte Williams '17
Attorney Awards: Cal Peyser '15, Nick Keeley '16
Regionals - Baltimore, MA
February 21-22, 2015
Placement: 938 competed at the Baltimore Regionals.
Witness Awards:
Attorney Awards:
The Downtown Invitational - New York, NY
January 24-25, 2015
Placement: 937 placed 2nd in the tournament with a record of 13-6-1.
Witness Awards: Kevin Wong'17
Attorney Awards:
The Big Red Invitational - Ithaca, NY
January 24-25, 2015
Placement: 936 and 937 competed at the Big Red Invitational.
Witness Awards:
Attorney Awards: Cal Peyser '15
Yale Invitational - New Haven, CT
December 6-7, 2014
Placement: 938 competed at the Yale Invitational.
Witness Awards:
Attorney Awards:
Beach Party Invitational - Irvine, CA
November 22-23, 2014
Placement: 936 and 937 were invited to and competed at the Beach Party Invitational.
Witness Awards: Charlotte Williams '17, Kevin Wong '17
Attorney Awards: Taylor Hinojosa '15
Temple Invitational - Philadelphia, PA
November 15-16, 2014
Placement: 938 competed at the Temple Invitational.
Witness Awards: Alice Longenbach '18
Attorney Awards:
Great American Mock Trial Invitational - Washington, DC
November 1-2, 2014
Placement: 937 competed at the Great American Mock Trial Invitational.
Witness Awards:
Attorney Awards:
CUBAIT Tournament - New York, NY
October 25-26, 2014
Placement: 936 competed at CUBAIT.
Witness Awards:
Attorney Awards: Cal Peyser '15
National Championship Tournament - Orlando, FL
April 11-13, 2014
Placement: Princeton placed 2nd in the tournament and 1st in the Eleazer Division with an 11-0-1 record.
Witness Awards: Caroline Kitchener '14, Brandon Holt '15
Attorney Awards: Caroline Kitchener '14
Opening Round Championship Series - Washington, DC
March 22-23, 2014
Placement: The A team took 2nd place with a 6-1-1 record, qualifying for Nationals.
Witness Awards: Brandon Holt '15
Attorney Awards: Caroline Kitchener '14
Regionals - Newark, DE
February 15-16, 2014
Placement: 937 and 938 competed at the Newark Regionals. 938 took 2nd place with a 7-1 record and qualified for ORCS.
Witness Awards: Brandon Holt '15, Shuyang Li '16
Attorney Awards: Peter Angelica '14, Caroline Kitchener '14, Jason Adler '17
Hilltop Invitational - Washington, DC
January 25-26, 2014
Placement: 937 finished in 6th place at the Hilltop Invitational.
Witness Awards: Caroline Kitchener '14
Attorney Awards: Caroline Kitchener '14
Big Red Invitational - Ithaca, NY
January 25-26, 2014
Placement: 938 competed at the Big Red Invitational but was forced to withdraw for medical reasons.
Witness Awards:
Attorney Awards:
Illini Invitational - Champaign, IL
December 7-8, 2013
Placement: 937 and 938 competed at the Illini Invitational. 937 placed 6th.
Witness Awards: Shuyang Li '16
Attorney Awards: Caroline Kitchener '14, Peter Kallis '15
Yale Invitational - New Haven, CT
December 7-8, 2013
Placement: 936 competed at the Yale Invitational.
Witness Awards:
Attorney Awards:
American University WONK Trial Invitational - Washington, DC
November 16-17, 2013
Placement: 937 competed at the WONK Invitational.
Witness Awards:
Attorney Awards:
Tufts Mumbo-Jumbo Trial Invitational - Boston, MA
November 9-10, 2013
Placement: 938 competed in the Mumbo-Jumbo.
Witness Awards:
Attorney Awards: Peter Angelica '14


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Learn more advanced techniques from online how-to articles.
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Create a new CSS theme out of an existing theme.
You can then customize the new theme
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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Page Not Found{% endblock %} {% block content %}
This is not the page you're looking for.


RatingScale Component
A rating scale is used to collect a numeric rating or a choice from a few alternatives, via the mouse, the keyboard, or both. Both the response and time taken to make it are returned.
A given routine might involve an image (patch component), along with a rating scale to collect the response. A routine from a personality questionnaire could have text plus a rating scale.
- Three common usage styles are enabled on the first settings page:
‘visual analog scale’: the subject uses the mouse to position a marker on an unmarked line
‘category choices’: choose among verbal labels (categories, e.g., “True, False” or “Yes, No, Not sure”)
‘scale description’: used for numeric choices, e.g., 1 to 7 rating
Complete control over the display options is available as an advanced setting, ‘customize_everything’.
Properties
- name
: string- Everything in a PsychoPy experiment needs a unique name. The name should contain only letters, numbers and underscores (no punctuation marks or spaces).
- start :
- The time that the stimulus should first appear. See Defining the onset/duration of components for details.
- stop :
- The duration for which the stimulus is presented. See Defining the onset/duration of components for details.
- visualAnalogScale
: checkbox- If this is checked, a line with no tick marks will be presented using the ‘glow’ marker, and will return a rating from 0.00 to 1.00 (quasi-continuous). This is intended to bias people away from thinking in terms of numbers, and focus more on the visual bar when making their rating.
This supersedes either choices or scaleDescription.
- category choices
: string- Instead of a numeric scale, you can present the subject with words or phrases to choose from. Enter all the words as a string. (Probably more than 6 or so will not look so great on the screen.)
Spaces are assumed to separate the words. If there are any commas, the string will be interpreted as a list of words or phrases (possibly including spaces) that are separated by commas.
- scaleDescription :
- Brief instructions, reminding the subject how to interpret the numerical scale, default = “1 = not at all ... extremely = 7”
- low
: str- The lowest number (bottom end of the scale), default = 1. If it’s not an integer, it will be converted to lowAnchorText (see Advanced).
- high
: str- The highest number (top end of the scale), default = 7. If it’s not an integer, it will be converted to highAnchorText (see Advanced).
Advanced settings
- single click :
- If this box is checked the participant can only click the scale once and their response will be stored. If this box is not checked the participant must accept their rating before it is stored.
- startTime
: float or integer- The time (relative to the beginning of this Routine) that the rating scale should first appear.
- forceEndTrial :
- If checked, when the subject makes a rating the routine will be ended.
- size
: float- The size controls how big the scale will appear on the screen. (Same as “displaySizeFactor”.) Larger than 1 will be larger than the default, smaller than 1 will be smaller than the default.
- pos
: [X,Y]- The position of the centre of the stimulus, in the units specified by the stimulus or window. Default is centered left-right, and somewhat lower than the vertical center (0, -0.4).
- duration :
- The maximum duration in seconds for which the stimulus is presented. See duration for details. Typically, the subject’s response should end the trial, not a duration.
A blank or negative value means wait for a very long time.
- storeRatingTime:
- Save the time from the beginning of the trial until the participant responds.
- storeRating:
- Save the rating that was selected
- lowAnchorText
: str- Custom text to display at the low end of the scale, e.g., “0%”; overrides ‘low’ setting
- highAnchorText
: str- Custom text to display at the low end of the scale, e.g., “100%”; overrides ‘high’ setting
- customize_everything
: str- If this is not blank, it will be used when initializing the rating scale just as it would be in a code component (see
RatingScale
). This allows access to all the customizable aspects of a rating scale, and supersedes all of the other RatingScale settings in the dialog panel.
(This does not affect: startTime, forceEndTrial, duration, storeRatingTime, storeRating.)


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On 19 August 2020, 5 new articles were published in 5 journals.
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Why the Rule of Law? Experimental Evidence From China


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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No.17409 of 2016 ======================================================
Nagrik Adhikar Manch through its Executive Member namely Ranjeet Pandit Son of Parsuram Pandit Resident of village - Gajipur, P.S. - Ufroul, Via - Deshri, District - Vaishali at Hajipur.
... ... Petitioner/s Versus
1. The State of Bihar through the Chief Secretary, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
2. The Chief Secretary, Govt. of Bihar, Patna.
3. The Commissioner, Magadh Pramandal.
4. The Collector, Gaya.
5. The Secretary, Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna.
6. The Administrator, Gaya Municipal Corporation, Gaya.
7. Sunil Kumar S/o Manik Sao R/o Murli Hill Bairagi, Ward No. 10, (near Tulsi Bhagat Mandir), P.S. Delha.
8. Raj Kumar Sao S/o Ram Ratan Sao R/o Murli Hill Bairagi, Ward No. 10, (near Tulsi Bhagat Mandir), P.S. Delha.
9. Satendra Prasad S/o Late Balchand Prasad R/o (M/s Laxmi Metal Works) Murli Hill Bhagat, Ward No. 10 (Behind of Khatangi Kothi), P.S. Delha.
10. Rajendra Prasad S/o Ram Kishun Ram R/o Murli Hill Bairagi (Janta Colony), Ward no. 10, P.S. Delha, Dist. Gaya (M/s Sanjay Aluminium Factory).
... ... Respondent/s ====================================================== Appearance :
For the Petitioner : Mr. Dinu Kumar, Advocate.
Mr. Arvind Kumar Sharma, Advocate.
Ms. Kumari Neha, Advocate.
Ms. Ritika Rani, Advocate.
Mr. Vijay Kumar Vimal, Advocate.
For the State : Mr. Sarvesh Kr. Singh-AAG-13. For the PCB : Mr. Shivendra Kishore, Sr. Advocate Ms. Binita Singh, Advocate.
For the Respondents No. 7, 8 & 10 : Mr. Rajkumar Rajesh, Advocate. ====================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE and HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE ASHUTOSH KUMAR ORAL JUDGMENT (Per: HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE) Date : 11-09-2018 From the counter affidavit filed by the Pollution Control Board, it appears that the Pollution Control Board has identified those factories who are running illegally and without approval of the Pollution Control Board and that in some cases even the closure notices have been issued. Patna High Court CWJC No.17409 of 2016 dt.11-09-2018 2/3 However, after issuance of closure notices, it appears that no further steps have been taken to actually close down those factories which are running illegally and without obtaining any approval of the Pollution Control Board.
In the earlier round of litigation while disposing of C.W.J.C. No. 6934 of 2016 dated 25.07.2016 the Division Bench of this Court directed the District Magistrate, Gaya to ensure that the factories, in question are closed forthwith unless Bihar Pollution Control Board directs or permits for running all the factories. The Division Bench also directed the Bihar Pollution Control Board to find out any other factory in the district of Gaya, is being running without necessary approval/consent/permission of the Bihar Pollution Control Board. Despite above, the illegal factories which are being run without necessary approval/consent/permission of the Bihar Pollution Control Board. Once the closure notices are issued and thereafter as per the closure notice, if the factories are not closed in that case the State Pollution Control Board as well as the District Magistrate are required to see that all those factories being run illegally and being run without necessary approval/consent/permission of the Bihar Pollution Control Board are actually closed.
We give further two weeks time to the District Magistrate, Gaya as well as the Bihar State Pollution Patna High Court CWJC No.17409 of 2016 dt.11-09-2018 3/3 Control Board to take steps to close those factories being run illegally in the district of Gaya, which are being run without necessary approval/consent/permission of the Bihar State Pollution Control Board.
List this matter on 25th of September, 2018. It is further observed that if any of the factory is being run illegally without obtaining any approval/consent/permission of the Pollution Control Board in that case the prosecution is to be launched against such factory owners as per the provisions of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
The officers of the Pollution Control Board are hereby directed to take further steps on the aforesaid as per the provisions of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
(Mukesh R. Shah, CJ) ( Ashutosh Kumar, J) krishna/Shageer AFR/NAFR NAFR CAV DATE NA Uploading Date 12.09.2018 Transmission Date 12.09.2018


an object-oriented computer programming language commonly used to create interactive effects within web browsers.
a symbol that is used to perform an operation.
used to hold a value. They can hold any value, from primitives to objects
use camelCase. Starts with a letter. use var before variable.
a set of statements that performs a task or calculates a value
a property containing a function definition
values passed to the function when it is invoked
are variables listed as a part of the function definition
cease execution in a function and return a value to the caller
also known as Cascading, refers to repeatedly calling one method after another on an object, in one continuous line of code
zero or more characters written inside quotes.


#!/bin/python3 # insert code here ---------------------------------------------------------------- import random import time import re import urllib.request '''Game variables!''' gameOver = False currentCode = "start" # address of the current scenario # Member list bosses = {"S.Coups":1, "Mingyu":1, "Seungkwan":1, "Hoshi":1} # alive = 1, missing = 0 rockers = {"Wonwoo":1, "Woozi":1, "Jeonghan":1, "DK":1, "Minghao":1} retros = {"Vernon":1, "Joshua":1, "Jun":1, "Dino":1} # Player codes: shortcut for determining current player codeToPlayer = {"H":"Minghao","J":"Jeonghan","K":"DK","Z":"Woozi","M":"Mingyu","O":"Hoshi","V":"Vernon","N":"Jun","U":"Joshua"} # Logging variables LOGGER = [] # for playtesters, log scenarios chosen lastTime = time.time() # for logging time spent on each stage # Miscellaneous PLAYER = None # name of the current player TEAM = None # name of the team of the current player events = None # replaced by a dictionary by loadInfo for i in range(100): print("\n") # to view text box from bottom first prefix = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plzbackitup/ccc-interact/master/" links = ["N", "O", "U"] L = {} # stores the actual text for lkey in links: request = urllib.request.urlopen(prefix+lkey+".txt") R = request.read() try: R = R.decode() except: pass R = R.replace('\r', '') L[lkey.lower()] = R def inpt(anytext=""): # added for compatibility with web console, to run regularly, remove the [:-1] from this function ''' like input(), but it doesn't record the last character (\n) ''' ans = input(anytext) return ans[:-1] def loadInfo(filename, withinCode = True): ''' load contents of game file, withinCode if pulling from string within code ''' ''' L is loaded externally ''' events = {} # stores all scenarios if withinCode: lines = L[filename.split(" ")[0][-1]].split("\n\n") else: with open(filename, "r") as myFile: lines = myFile.readlines() for line in lines: if line.isspace() or len(line) == 0: # empty line pass else: # load into scenario eventCode = line.split('/')[0] # text processing mainText = line.split('/')[1].split('{')[0] if withinCode: options = "{".join(line.split('{')[1:])[:-1].split('}{') else: options = "{".join(line.split('{')[1:])[:-2].split('}{') options = [tuple(option.split('/')) for option in options] if len(options[0]) == 1: options = [] variables = None if len(line.split('{')[0].split('/'))>2: variables = line.split('{')[0].split('/')[2] events[eventCode] = (mainText, options, variables) # save scenario into events return events def printAlive(endmark='\n'): ''' nicely prints status of all members ''' print("BOSSES ("+str(sum(bosses.values()))+"/4)\t\t", " ".join([member.upper() for member in bosses.keys() if bosses[member] == 1])) print("ROCKERS ("+str(sum(rockers.values()))+"/5)\t\t", " ".join([member.upper() for member in rockers.keys() if rockers[member] == 1])) print("RETROFUTURISTS ("+str(sum(retros.values()))+"/4)\t", " ".join([member.upper() for member in retros.keys() if retros[member] == 1]), end=endmark) def aliveMembers(team): ''' returns the remaining members of the given team as a string phrase ''' if team == "bosses": mems = [member for member in bosses.keys() if bosses[member] == 1] if team == "rockers": mems = [member for member in rockers.keys() if rockers[member] == 1] if team == "retros": mems = [member for member in retros.keys() if retros[member] == 1] if len(mems) == 0: return "nobody" if len(mems) == 1: return mems[0] if len(mems) == 2: return ('{} and {}'.format(mems[0], mems[1])) return ('{}, and {}'.format(', '.join(mems[:-1]), mems[-1])) def timeLapse(prefix=True): ''' dramatically prints out dot dot dot ''' if prefix: print("\n") else: print() time.sleep(1) for i in range(3): print(".", end=' ', flush=True) time.sleep(0.5) print("\n") def ringPhone(noprefix=False): ''' dramatically prints out chiring chiring ''' if not noprefix: print("\n") time.sleep(0.4) for i in range(2): print("chi", end='', flush=True) time.sleep(0.02) print("ring", end=' ', flush=True) time.sleep(0.4) print("chiring", end=' ', flush=True) time.sleep(1.2) print("\n") def grabPhone(): ''' minigame to grab the phone quickly ''' ringWait = 2 + 2*random.random() # when the phone will ring ringLimit = 0.3 # how long you have to answer the phone startT = time.time() print("\n\nDirections: Grab the phone first! Press ENTER as soon as it rings.\n") time.sleep(ringWait) print("chiring") temp = inpt() if time.time() < startT + ringWait + 0.03: # picked up too early print(str(PLAYER)+" grabbed for the telephone too early.\n") return False elif time.time() > startT + ringWait + ringLimit: # picked up too late print(str(PLAYER)+" was too late.\n") return False else: return True def enactLoss(victim): ''' remove a member ''' time.sleep(1) print('\n') if victim in bosses.keys(): bosses[victim] = 0 print("notice:", victim.upper(), "from team BOSSES has been lost.") if victim in rockers.keys(): rockers[victim] = 0 print("notice:", victim.upper(), "from team ROCKERS has been lost.") if victim in retros.keys(): retros[victim] = 0 print("notice:", victim.upper(), "from team RETROFUTURISTS has been lost.") printAlive() time.sleep(1) def endgameRoutine(): ''' end a game without reaching the final stage ''' time.sleep(1) print("Your game has ended! Final stats:") printAlive() print() if (TEAM == "Bosses" and sum(bosses.values()) == 4) or (TEAM == "Rockers" and sum(rockers.values()) == 5) or (TEAM == "Retrofuturists" and sum(retros.values()) == 4): print("You kept all members of the "+TEAM+" alive! Good job.") time.sleep(1) print("However, you were not able to discover who the caller was.\nPlay again?") else: print("Oh no! Seems like you lost a member :(") time.sleep(1) print("You were not able to discover who the caller was.\nPlay again?") def playFinale(): ''' the final stage of the game ''' allMembers = [] missing = [] for group in [bosses, rockers, retros]: # count up who's alive and who's missing allMembers += [name for name in group if group[name] != 0 and name != PLAYER] missing += [name for name in group if group[name] == 0] # nicely format the missing into a string if len(missing) == 0: missStr = "" elif len(missing) == 1: missStr = missing[0] elif len(missing) == 2: missStr = ('{} and {}'.format(missing[0], missing[1])) else: missStr = ('{}, and {}'.format(', '.join(missing[:-1]), missing[-1])) perfectScore = True if len(missStr) == 0 else False # if nobody was lost, get a perfect score print(PLAYER+" warily enters a vast, empty garage. One after another, the surviving gang members join him, their motorcycles forming a circle.") time.sleep(2) print("Directions: On each round, you must choose three allies and one enemy to attack.") print("The attack will fail if an ally is guilty or if the enemy is innocent.") callersLeft = 2 # unguessed callers chance = 3 # chances left while chance > 0: # iterate through chances if callersLeft == 0: # all callers identified print("\nCongratulations! "+PLAYER+" successfully identified the callers, Seungkwan and Dino, putting an end to their scheme to turn the gangs against each other and subsequently take over the world.") if perfectScore: print("You finished without losing any members! Great job!") else: print("Seems like you lost", missStr, "along the way, though. Play again?") return if chance == 1: # nicely inform how many chances left and how many callers left print(PLAYER+" has", chance, "chance remaining ",end="",flush=True) else: print(PLAYER+" has", chance, "chances remaining ",end="",flush=True) if callersLeft == 1: print("to identify",callersLeft,"unknown caller.") else: print("to identify",callersLeft,"unknown callers.") time.sleep(2.5) for i, option in enumerate(allMembers): # print choices of allies/enemy print("({})".format(i+1), option) time.sleep(0.08) allies = [] # choose allies ---- for i in range(1,4): print("Choose Ally "+str(i)+":") userChoice = inpt() while True: if not userChoice.isdigit() or int(userChoice)-1 not in list(range(len(allMembers))): print("invalid option, try again") elif allMembers[int(userChoice)-1] in allies: print("ally already selected, try again") else: # is valid break userChoice = inpt() allies.append(allMembers[int(userChoice)-1]) print("Choose Enemy:") # choose enemy ---- userChoice = inpt() while True: if not userChoice.isdigit() or int(userChoice)-1 not in list(range(len(allMembers))): print("invalid option, try again") elif allMembers[int(userChoice)-1] in allies: print("already selected as an ally, try again") else: # is valid break userChoice = inpt() enemy = allMembers[int(userChoice)-1] # determine if the player won print("Attacking.", end="", flush=True); time.sleep(0.5) print(".", end="", flush=True); time.sleep(0.5) print(". ", end="", flush=True); time.sleep(0.5) if (enemy != "Seungkwan" and enemy != "Dino") or ("Seungkwan" in allies) or ("Dino" in allies): print("Attack failed.") else: print("Attack successful! Identified caller:", enemy) callersLeft -= 1 #chance += 1 # make it easier to guess allMembers.remove(enemy) chance -= 1 if callersLeft == 1: # ran out of chances, player was unsuccessful print(PLAYER+" has 0 chances remaining to identify",callersLeft,"unknown caller.") else: print(PLAYER+" has 0 chances remaining to identify",callersLeft,"unknown callers.") time.sleep(1) print("\nOh no! "+PLAYER+" was unable to identify the callers in time. The garage erupts into a chaotic fight.") print("Play again?") return def giveIntro(): ''' print the game intro, select player, and load events ''' introductionLines1 = ["CALL CALL CALL: THE GAME\n","Mysterious telephone calls are wreaking havoc on the three gangs of SVT: the Bosses, the Rockers, and the Retrofuturists.","Keep your gang alive, and try to identify the callers before it's too late!","You can choose from three characters to start from.","(1) Mingyu\n(2) Minghao\n(3) Vernon"] for iLine in introductionLines1: print(iLine); time.sleep(0.4) userChoice = inpt() while not userChoice.isdigit(): print("invalid option, try again") userChoice = inpt() PLAYER = ["Mingyu","Minghao","Vernon"][int(userChoice)-1] TEAM = ["Bosses","Rockers","Retrofuturists"][int(userChoice)-1] print("You begin as "+PLAYER+" from the "+TEAM+"' gang.") time.sleep(1) print("Here is a list of the current members of all gangs:") time.sleep(0.5) printAlive(endmark = "") empty = inpt("\n\nPress ENTER to begin the game!") print("\nYou can type (m) to view the current list of members.") timeLapse(prefix=False) events = loadInfo(PLAYER.lower()+" pov.txt") return PLAYER, TEAM, events def giveLogCode(): pass#print("\n*game log: "+("/".join(LOGGER[:-1]))+"*") PLAYER, TEAM, events = giveIntro() # give initial introduction to game while gameOver == False: if currentCode == "endgame" or currentCode == "X5": # game ended if currentCode == "endgame": endgameRoutine() if currentCode == "X5": playFinale() giveLogCode() # for playtesting exit()#print("\n(X) to exit, or press ENTER to play again.") temp = inpt() if temp.lower() == "x": # exit game ------ gameOver = True break # reset game ------ bosses = dict.fromkeys(bosses, 1); rockers = dict.fromkeys(rockers, 1); retros = dict.fromkeys(retros, 1) currentCode = "start" PLAYER, TEAM, events = giveIntro() LOGGER = [] # for playtesting lastTime = time.time() mainText, options, variables = events[currentCode] # load this scenario override = False # show main text mainText = re.split('<|>',mainText) # separates out
from main text for article in mainText: if article == "lapse": # dot dot dot timeLapse() elif article == "ring": # chiring chiring ringPhone() elif article == "noprefixring": # chiring chiring ringPhone(noprefix=True) elif article[:6] == "switch": # switch to member if they are alive override = True # automatically selecting next outcome searchFor = article[6:].split(':')[0] alive = None for group in [bosses, rockers, retros]: if searchFor in group.keys(): alive = group[searchFor] break if alive == 1: currentCode = article.split(':')[-1].split(',')[0] # choose first action else: currentCode = article.split(':')[-1].split(',')[1] # choose second action elif article[:9] == "phonegame": # game to pick up the phone override = True # automatically selecting next outcome others = article.split(':')[-1].split(',') success = grabPhone() if success: currentCode = others[0] else: currentCode = random.choice(others[1:]) elif article == "E": # didn't really use this much... print(" [press ENTER to continue]", end='') empty = inpt() print() elif article in ["bosses", "rockers", "retros"]: # replace
with alive members of that group print(aliveMembers(article), end='', flush=True) elif article == "day1" or article == "day2": # show day summary print("\n\nThe day has ended.") printAlive() elif article == "N": # new line print('\n') elif article.replace('.','',1).isdigit(): # wait for
of seconds time.sleep(float(article)) else: # print text normally print(article, end='', flush=True) if variables != None and variables[0] == "-": # lose the member described enactLoss(variables[1:]) if override == False: # have user choose the next action print('\n') # give options for action if len(options) == 0: raise ValueError # this shouldn't happen for i, option in enumerate(options): # show all choices for actions print("({})".format(i+1), option[1]) userChoice = inpt() while userChoice.lower() == "m" or not userChoice.isdigit() or int(userChoice)-1 not in list(range(len(options))): if userChoice.lower() == "m": # show current member list printAlive() print("choose an action") userChoice = inpt() else: print("invalid option, try again") # entered invalid character userChoice = inpt() # get next event currentCode = options[int(userChoice)-1][0] LOGGER.append(str(currentCode)+"-"+str(int(time.time()-lastTime))) # playtesting lastTime = time.time() print() if currentCode[0] in codeToPlayer.keys(): # easily keep track of current player PLAYER = codeToPlayer[currentCode[0]] # end insert code ----------------------------------------------------------------
inspired by
call call call!
Reset


South London NHS collaboration to manage budgets and provision of mental health care for your people
The South London Mental Health and Community Partnership (SLMHCP) has been awarded a contract to manage the budgets and care for specialist child...
The South London Mental Health and Community Partnership (SLMHCP) has been awarded a contract to manage the budgets and care for specialist child...
An innovative partnership of eight local NHS and Community organisations is working with service users and careers to develop mental health and...


Central City, Colorado
Ghost Town Disc Golf
Toss a Frisbee through the ruins of this Colorado gold mining town.
by Anthony SettipaniA handful of buildings and mining relics are all that remain today of the once-thriving mining town of Russell Gulch, Colorado. Today this town, located nearly two miles above sea level, is home to a very small population—and a disc golf course.
In the spring of 1859, William Greeneberry Russell, a prospector from Georgia, discovered gold near Idaho Springs in Colorado. By autumn of that year, nearly a thousand prospectors had arrived to seek their fortunes, calling the place Russell Gulch in his honor.
The town sprang up quickly, as people continued to arrive in droves. In roughly a year, Russell Gulch’s population grew to about 2,600 residents—the U.S. Census for 1860 shows 600 residing in the town and about 2,000 camped around the gulch. At its height, the town boasted a school, an Independent Order of Odd Fellows lodge, and numerous mills. One mill was owned by George Pullman, who sent the earnings back to his famous Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago.
About five years after Russell’s discovery, the supply of placer gold, or gold that could be panned from the surface, began to dry up. Mining operations continued for about 20 years after that, and Russell Gulch remained a strong economic force in the region. As late as 1907 the Russell Gulch mining district claimed 29 of the 78 producing mines in Gilpin County, and was considered one of the most important districts in the county. But the population dwindled, and by 1930 the Russell Gulch was down to just 75 residents.
In 1999, Brian O’Donnell purchased several pieces of property in Russell Gulch. He put in a few disc golf targets for his own use, and in 2003 he built a complete course and opened it to the public.
The front half of the course sprawls over steep terrain dotted with ruins and rusted-out vehicles. The back half opens out onto a broad, open gulch where play can navigate some of the still-standing ruins of the town. Bounded on nearly all sides by mining claims, discs can easily go out of bounds and into someone else’s property, adding an extra level of difficulty to the course.
 At an altitude of 9,150 feet above sea level, hiking the steep trails can become strenuous.
From I-70, take the Hidden Valley/Central City Parkway exit (Exit 243). Follow the parkway for roughly 7 miles and turn left on Lake Gulch Road, then turn left on Virginia Canyon Road. Continue for roughly a mile then turn left onto Upper Russell Gulch Rd. The Ghost Town Course will be on the left in about a mile.
Visit Colorado with Atlas Obscura Trips
Dinos and Dunes in the Colorado Desert
Venture with us into the Colorado desert to unearth the mysteries of the prehistoric beasts that once roamed this very same ground.
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Community Discussion
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Sources
- https://www.uncovercolorado.com/ghost-towns/russell-gulch/
- https://mmacmonthly.com/2015/07/08/disc-golf-grows-in-popularity-provides-healthy-addiction-for-players/
- Aldrich, John K. "Ghosts of Gilpin County: A Guide to the Ghost Towns and Mining Camps of Gilpin County, Colorado." Lakewood, Colorado: Centennial Graphics, 1984. pg. 28
- Abbot, Dan et. al. "The Gilpin Railroad Era: Black Hawk, Central City, Nevadaville, Russell Gulch." Denver, Colorado: Sundance Publications, Ltd., 2009. pg. 172-175


Using this tool you can check for errors in your metadata file and upload your data. The validate tab can be used to ensure that all required fields are completed and that each materialSampleID is unique in your metadata file (in tab delimited text format) while the upload tab will also validate your files and ensure that each materialSampleID is accompanied by a fasta/fastq file of the same name.
If you are uploading pooled data (each fastq file represents data from multiple individuals that can't be demultiplexed) please include the number of individuals in the pool using the individualCount field and the range over which the samples were collected in the coordinateUncertaintyInMeters field with the decimal latitude and decimal longitude representing the mid point.
To upload data users must have an account. To set up an account send an email with you name, title and affiliation to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Data is subject to our data usage policy found here


In Sec. 3, the equilibrium velocity distribution of electrons is
chosen to be Maxwellian, where we see that perturbations are damped, which is
the well-known Landau damping. In this section, we investigate a case where
perturbation grows, instead of being damped. Consider an equilibrium
distribution function consisting of two counter-propagating Maxwellian beams
of mean speed and thermal spread , i.e.,
|
(91) |
Then
is written
|
(92) |
Using the same code discussed in Sec. 3, I solve Equation
(75) with
given by Eq.
(92) and the initial perturbation given by Eq. (78).
Figure 10 plots the equilibrium distribution function with
.
Figure 10:
Equilibrium distribution function given by Eq.
(91) with
.
|
Figure 11 plots the time evolution of the perturbed electric
field, which shows the the electric field grows exponentially in time and thus
corresponds to an instability. This instability is called two-stream
instability since it happens in the system with two opposite electron beams.
Figure:
Comparison of the simulation results with analytical
growth rate given by Eq. (93). The parameters are
and
.
|
In Fig. 11, the simulation results are also compared with the
analytical results in the cold beam approximation (
), which
is given by equation (8.1.35) in Gurnett's book[1], i.e.,
|
(93) |
To make the simulation result able to be compared with the results in the cold
beam approximation, the thermal velocity of the beam has been chosen to be a
small number
. The results in Fig. 11
shows that the simulation results agree with the analytical results. The small
discrepancy can be attributed to that equation (93) was derived
by assuming the electron distribution function is a Dirac function
while in the simulation, the distribution function is a Maxwellian
distribution with small a thermal spread
. Also
note that in this case, the approximate phase velocity of the electron plasma
wave is
and the beam velocity
.
Thus, the distribution function is very small at the phase velocity. Therefore
the Landau damping in this case is neglectably small. In fact, equation (93) was derived by neglecting the Landau damping.
Figure:
Real part (a) and imaginary part (b) of the perturbed distribution
function at
. The parameters are
and
.
|
yj
2016-01-26


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Hello, my name is Alexander Schäfer. I am an experienced software engineer with focus on iOS development, currently living in Limburg, Germany.
Since 2011 I have been working as a freelancer and have accompanied many customer projects.
Before that I started my self-employment as a partner of a web design agency in 2005 and later worked as a freelancer for some web applications projects.
But my passion is mobile development, so since 2014 I only develop for iOS in Swift.
For more information and current CV please contact me.


Happy ending for Teddy A and BamBam - The Nation Newspaper
By Sampson Unamka
Big Brother celebrity lovebirds, Teddy A and BamBam over the weekend finally tied the knot in Dubai, UAE on Saturday.
This is weeks after the couple held their traditional wedding in August at BamBam’s hometown in Ilaro, Ogun State.
The wedding was filled with stars, some of whom attended the One Africa music fest, which also was held in Dubai over the weekend.
Read Also: Bam Bam, Teddy A, others star in new movie, ‘No Budget’
Some ex-Big Brother house mates in attendance were Mercy, Ike, Ifu Ennada, Belinda Effah, Linda Osifo, Frodd and Omashola.
During the ceremony, the couple came out in different outfits. They were styled by Toyin Lawani and Izien Aigbodion.
Although Big Brother Naija reality show has been described as many things by viewers and fans, some housemates have found love on the show.


PIG DICE
Rules
- When one player reaches 100,the game ends and the player is the winner.

- If a player rools at 1,his turn is over and the points are accumulated and the next player takes the turn.
- A player can choose to hold if they don't want to take a chance of rolling a 1 and loosing all points.
Player 1:
Roll:
Score:
Total:
Player 2:
Roll:
Score:
Total:


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{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load static %} {% block active %} active {% endblock %} {% block content %} Search Search and get the results. Analyze Analyze the results to know more. Graphs Get the results in graphs. {% endblock %}


Domain Flow algorithms are parallel algorithms that incorporate the constraints of space and time. By honoring the delay that is inherent to the operation of information exchange between two physically separate computation or storage sites, domain flow algorithms can improve performance, and most importantly, lower energy consumption, as compared to computational models that are based on sequential execution. These benefits are particularly important for embedded, real-time applications, such as computer vision, sensor fusion, and in general, autonomous intelligent systems.
Let's take a look at an example of a simple, but valuable operator: dense matrix multiplication. A Domain Flow Algorithm for matrix multiply is shown here:
compute ( (i,j,k) | 1 <= i,j,k <= N ) {
a: a[i,j-1,k]
b: b[i-1,j,k]
c: c[i,j,k-1] + a[i,j-1,k] * b[i-1,j,k]
}
This algorithm defines a domain of computation governed by a set of constraints, and a set of computational dependencies that implicitly define a partial order. For example, we can't execute the result for c[i,j,k] until we have computed the result for c[i,j,k-1].
From an algorithm design perspective, an explicit dependency allows us to 'order' the computational graph. This can be done in time, as is customary in sequential programming, where we treat the dependency as an opportunity to sequence computations so that they can be executed by a single computational unit that is reused. But for parallel algorithms, we can also use this dependency to order the computational events in space. In the parallel design perspective, we are looking for (partial) orders where independent computational events are physically separated in space.
If we look back again at the domain flow algorithm of matrix multiply, we observe that all results are assigned to a unique variable. This is called Single Assignment Form, and this yields a computational graph that makes all computational dependencies explicit. The second observation is that the computational events are made unique with a variable name and an index tag, such as [i,j,k]. Thirdly, dependencies between computational events are specified by an index expression, such as [i,j-1,k].
To appreciate the domain flow algorithms and what they enable, you need to think about the physical form a 'program evaluator', or processor, could take. In the days when a processor occupied the volume of a small room, any physical computational machine was limited to a single computational element. This implied that the execution of any algorithm had to be specified as a complete order in time. At each step of the execution, the computational element would need to read the input operands, execute an instruction, and write the results back. The reading and writing of operands was from and to a Random Access Memory.
This sequential approach has been very successful, as it is a general purpose mechanism to execute any algorithm. But it is not the most energy efficient approach to execute all algorithms. This is the niche that domain flow fills: algorithms that exhibit complex, inherently parallel, but geometrically constrained concurrency patterns offer the opportunity to be evaluated in a more energy efficient manner. The venerable matrix multiply is a good introduction to this class of algorithms, more formally defined by the term systems of affine recurrence equations.
To arrive at the underlying execution model of domain flow algorithms, we take the other extreme compared to fully sequential execution. Remember, nodes in the graph represent computational events, and links in the graph represent information exchanges. Imagine that we have as many computational resources as there are nodes in the single assignment form computational graph. In that case, we can simple 'embed' the computational graph in 3D space. However, since a physical machine that would be able to evaluate a node in the graph will have some physical extent, a collection of physical nodes will fill 3D space in some 'regular', crystalline pattern. Or if we are conceptualizing the space presented by a VLSI chip's surface, it will be a 2D space. These crystalline patterns are typically referred to as a lattice, and thus the design of a domain flow algorithm is the act of finding space, time, and energy efficient embeddings of some computational graph in N-dimensional space.
Back to our matrix multiply. We can now reinterpret the domain flow algorithm as a physical embedding. Each index range, that is, the i, j, and k in the constraint set, can be seen as a dimension in 3D space. The index tag, such as [i,j,k] can then be interpreted as a location in 3D space, more accurately, a location in the 3D Cartesian lattice.
This is what that lattice looks like for a given N:
We alluded to the fact that inherently-parallel algorithms exhibit some partial order and not a complete order because the instructions that can execute independently do not have any explicit order among each other. This extra degree of freedom is another benefit domain flow algorithms exhibit over sequential algorithms. It allows the execution engine to organize any resource contention in a more energy, space, or time efficient way, as long the machine does not violate the dependency relationships specified in the algorithm.
Typically, the complete order defined by sequential algorithms over-constrains the execution order, and parallelizing compilers can't recover the inherent dependency structure of the mathematics behind the algorithm, leading to disappointing speed-ups. This is a fundamental limitation to trying to generate parallel execution models from sequential specifications. Instead, the domain flow specification removes this over-constraint and only expresses the data dependencies. If we would present the algorithm with instantaneous access to its inputs, then the data dependencies inherent to the algorithm would evolve in what is called the free schedule.
The free schedule for our matrix multiply is visualized in the following simulation.
But a physical system wouldn't have infinite resources, and certainly not infinite bandwidth. The free schedule of a parallel algorithm tends to be unrealizable. Let's go through the thought experiment what the free schedule requires of a physical system. In the free schedule animation, the propagation recurrences distributing the A and B matrix elements throughout the 3D lattice run 'ahead' of the actual computational recurrence calculating the C matrix elements. The A and B elements arrive at their destination earlier than the time they are consumed by a computational event. A physical system would need to have memory to hold these early operands until all of the operands are present and the computation can commence. The extra memory required to hold these operands is consuming area and energy and thus an attribute that an algorithm designer would want to optimize out of the system.
Looking more closely at the wavefront that expresses the evolution of the C matrix elements, we can observe that the wavefront evolves as a 2D plane with normal [1 1 1]T. This implies that if we constrain the A and B propagations to evolve along this same wavefront then all memory requirements would disappear as we deliver the A and B matrix elements just in time to participate in the computational event c: c[i,j,k] + a[i,j-1,k] * b[i-1, j,k].
This constrained, linear schedule is shown in the next animation.
This particular schedule is called memoryless, that is, no memory is required to execute along this evolution. Another way to look at this is that the memory function is provided by the network and the act of communicating operands between locations in the lattice. From an energy perspective, this is attractive as no additional energy is required to read or write from scratch memories that are needed just to align operand timing. As mentioned before, the operands are delivered to the computation in a just-in-time manner.
Another observation we can make is that this memoryless, linear schedule exhibits O(N2) concurrency. The index space is O(N3), but the concurrency of the algorithm is just O(N2). This implies that we can create a custom execution engine for this execution pattern that only uses O(N2) resources and still would be unconstrained.
If we compare the concurrency requirements of the free schedule with our memoryless, linear schedule we see that the free schedule exhibits resource requirements of the order of O(N3): the A and B recurrences race ahead of the computation and occupy resources as they are waiting for the computation to consume them. The free schedule is interesting from a theoretical perspective as it shows us the unconstrained evolution, or inherent concurrency, of the algorithm. But for building an actual, efficient computational engine, the free schedule tends to be too expensive.


| @Reservation.findHotelNameByReservation(reservation) |
@Reservation.findNumberOfBedsByReservation(reservation) |
@CommonHelperMethods.getDateAsString(reservation.checkIn) |
@CommonHelperMethods.getDateAsString(reservation.checkOut) |
@reservation.createDate |
@reservation.cost $ |
@if(reservation.status == ReservationStatus.APPROVED) {
PAID |
}
@if(reservation.status == ReservationStatus.COMPLETED) {
COMPLETED |
}
@if(reservation.status == ReservationStatus.CANCELED) {
CANCELED |
}
@if(reservation.status.equals(ReservationStatus.APPROVED)) {
} else {
@if(reservation.status.equals(ReservationStatus.COMPLETED)) {
Completed
} else {
Already canceled
}
}
|


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--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/doc.20display.html ---
After the next PR lands, you'll see some changes in the doc display for tactics. Here's a preview: https://robertylewis.com/mathlib_docs/commands.html#add_tactic_doc
From now on, instead of updating tactics.md
when you add a new tactic, you should use that add_tactic_doc
command instead. There will be a PR to mathlib soon that updates the contribution instructions and deletes the old .md files.
(That PR will also clean up the "tags" on commands/tactics/etc. They're not very well coordinated right now, since there was no convenient way to see them until recently!)
Where will I go to read about all the tactics, once tactics.md is gone?
To the mathlib docs
https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib_docs/tactics.html presumably
https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib_docs/tactics.html
https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib_docs/tactics.html
Lolololol
I was first :tada:
We should remember to replace the content of the old markdown files with links to the relevant pages on the mathlib docs page instead of deleting them completely.
Ok. I guess I'll be sad having to leave VSCode, but I understand this is an unpopular opinion. :-)
Did you use to read tactics.md in VScode?
Yees
We can certainly have a button to open the community doc website in VS code
Just like we can read TPIL in VS code
I rely on the search feature in VS Code for everything... in fact if I wanted to read the help on conv
, I would type # conv
in the search box :-)
The help for any given tactic will still be in the same file as the tactic definition, very close to it.
Would it be better if tactic docs were written in doc strings instead of description := "five page string literal"
? Then you even get syntax highlighting for the markdown in vscode. #2201
Wasn't it already discussed?
Where? Am I missing something?
In the original discussion of this whole tactic doc refactor.
I'm sorry. I really can't recall any discussion on it. And I can't find anything relevant on the github PR or on zulip here.
I also remember it being discussed (but don't remember the arguments) and I can't find it back either.
I think we already have this. See abel
, for example.
Ah, I see what you mean. There is already a functionality to copy doc strings from tactic declarations. The PR adds an additional feature: it also allows you to add descriptions as a doc string that should not go on a tactic declaration (e.g. if you add a common description for a family of multiple tactics).
Examples: cache (combines unfreezeI, resetI, and half a dozen other tactics), norm_cast (norm_cast, rw_mod_cast, ...), etc.
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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A polygon which has ten straight lines and ten angles.
A regular decagon has all ten sides the same length and all ten angles are equal.


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Deﬁne (r,𝜃,ϕ) coordinates by
|
| (567) |
|
| (568) |
where (R,ϕ,Z) are the cylindrical coordinates and R0 is a constant. The above transformation is shown graphically in Fig. 40.
The Jacobian of (r,𝜃,ϕ) coordinates can be calculated using the deﬁnition. Using x = R cosϕ, y = R sinϕ, and z = Z, the Jacobian (with respect to the Cartesian coordinates (x,y,z)) is written as
Next, we transform the GS equation from (R,Z) coordinates to (r,𝜃) coordinates. Using the relations R = R0 + r cos𝜃 and Z = r sin𝜃, we have
|
| (570) |
|
| (571) |
|
| (572) |
|
| (573) |
The GS equation in (R,Z) coordinates is given by
|
| (574) |
The term ∂Ψ∕∂Z is written as
Using Eq. (575), ∂2Ψ∕∂Z2 is written as|
| (577) |
| sin𝜃 = . |
| cos𝜃 = −Z |
|
| (578) |
| cos𝜃 = |
|
| (579) |
Summing the the right-hand-side of Eq. (576) and the expression on line (580) yields
|
| (582) |
Using these, the GS equation is written as
| ++− = −μ0(R0+r cos𝜃)2−g(Ψ), |
which can be arranged in the form
|
| (583) |
which agrees with Eq. (3.6.2) in Wessson’s book[27], where f is deﬁned by f = RBϕ∕μ0, which is diﬀerent from g ≡ RBϕ by a 1∕μ0 factor.