Package Note to Readers |
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Last Published: 09/29/2005 10:16 PM HL7® Version 3 Standard, © 2005 Health Level Seven®, Inc. All Rights Reserved. HL7 and Health Level Seven are registered trademarks of Health Level Seven, Inc. Reg. U.S. Pat & TM Off |
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Table of Contents1 Forward
1.1 Copyright Notice
1.3 Contact Us
2.1.1 Foundation Documents
2.1.2 Messaging Infrastructure
2.1.3 Transport Specifications
2.1.5 Services
2.1.6 Common Domains
4.1 Mission
4.2 What is HL7?
4.3 Background
5.1.2 Opportunities to Improve
5.2 V3 Principles
5.4.1 Project Scope Definition
5.4.2 HL7 V3 Methodology
6.1 New Implementer
6.1.1 Learn the Basics
6.2 Management
6.2.1 Manager
6.2.2 Project Manager
6.2.3 Marketer
6.2.4 Construct Site Agreement
6.2.5 Sign a Deal
6.3.1 Interface Analyst
6.3.2 Interface Programmer
6.3.3 Develop Interface
6.4.1 Develop the Standard
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1 |
Forward |
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1.1 |
Copyright Notice |
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This 2005 Health Level Seven V3 Publication is copyrighted by Health Level Seven, Inc. (HL7) and is therefore protected by the Copyright Law of the United States and copyright provisions of various international treaties. The effect of such laws and treaties is that you may not, without a license from Health Level Seven, Inc., copy or distribute HL7's publication Product. HL7 Organizational members are authorized to reproduce the publication for internal use in their organization. This authorization use does not include reproduction of any part of this publication for inclusion in products for direct commercial resale. HL7 Individual members may not reproduce any part of this publication. |
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1.2 |
HL7 Special Acknowledgments |
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In addition to acknowledging the Committee Co-chairs and Facilitators, special credit is due a number of contributors: |
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Special thanks go to George Beeler for serving as the V3 project leader and tools developer, Lloyd McKenzie with IBM for developing the Visio tool set for development of CMETs and Austin Kreisler with SAIC for development of the Publication Database. Helen Stevens is acknowledged for her leadership of the Publishing Committee. The following individuals are also acknowledged for their intellectual contributions: Wes Rishel with Gartner Group, Jim Case with University of California, Ken McCaslin with Quest Diagnostics, and Dale Nelson with Zed-Logic Informatics, LLC. The following individuals are acknowledged for their technical support in the production of this publication: Rikki Holland with Double Click, Ltd, Charlie McCay with Ramsey Systems, Ltd, Karen Van Hentenryck and Mike Craig with HL7, Matthew Stephens with Ramsey Systems, Ltd. |
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1.3 |
Contact Us |
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If you have questions regarding this publication you may contact the HL7 office at: |
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Health Level Seven, Inc. 3300 Washtenaw Avenue, Suite 227, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 |
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734-677-7777 (phone)<PHONE_NUMBER> (fax) E-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
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2 |
2005 Version 3 Normative Edition Contents |
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Welcome to the 2005 Normative Edition of the Version 3 (V3) messaging standard. This package is the result of many years of work within the HL7 community and an increasingly focused effort with each new ballot cycle. We believe it is a major step forward for global health information standards. |
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The document you are currently reading is the Package Note to Readers document, which contains the following sections: |
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The HL7 Introduction section provides a brief overview of the HL7 Organization, its mission and philosophy. |
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Review this section to understand what HL7 V3 is, why we developed HL7 V3, and the principles underlying the V3 Standard. |
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The V3 Publication is composed of two types of documents: Foundation and Domain. The Foundation documents are those documents that are broader in scope and tend to apply to all domain documents. THe V3 Guide, the HL7 Vocabulary Domain and Reference Information Model, for example, are Foundation documents. Domain documents are produced for a specific domain such as pharmacy or scheduling and contain the messages relevant to that domain. |
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Below is a graphical representation of the Foundation documents. |
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Version 3 Domains contain specifications for dealing with functional areas of healthcare. For example, Patient Administration, or Medical Redords. |
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Each Domain document has a common structure and contains a common set of artifacts. |
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2.1 |
Documents in the V3 2005 Normative Edition |
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The 2005 Normative Edition contains those Version 3 Standards that are ANSI Approved, those that have passed Membership Level Ballot and are awaiting final ANSI Approval, and Draft Standards for Trial Use (DSTU). |
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2.1.1 |
Foundation Documents |
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Foundation Documents are the basis for all of the other specifications. The RIM is the model on which all V3 Standards are based. Vocabulary defines terms and code sets. The Data Types Abstract Specification specifies the HL7 Version 3 Data Types on an abstract layer, independent of representation. Refinement, Constraints and Localization specifies what the HL7 Technical Committees are permitted to do as part of the Version 3 Refinement process. GELLO is intended to be a standard expression language for decision support. |
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2.1.2 |
Messaging Infrastructure |
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The Master File / Registry domain comprises the classes and attributes needed to support Master Files and Registries. The Message Control Act Infrastructure covers the alternate structures of the message Trigger Event Control Acts in the HL7 Composite Message. The Query Infrastructure domain specifies the formation of information queries and the responses to these queries. Transmission infrastructure describes the information model, messages and interactions related to the assembly of an HL7 v3 composite message. |
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2.1.3 |
Transport Specifications |
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Transport Specifications detail how the messages are sent "over the wire." |
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2.1.4 |
Implementation Technology Specifications (ITS) |
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The ITS:XML Datatypes specification defines standard representations for data values in XML. The ITS:XML Structures document describes how HL7 V3 compliant messages can be expressed using XML.This UML ITS implements the semantics of the Abstract Data Types specification using UML in such a way that HL7 data types are mapped into the core UML and OCL kernel data types where such mappings are appropriate. |
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2.1.5 |
Services |
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The HL7 Common Terminology Services (HL7 CTS) defines an Application Programming Interface (API) that can be used by HL7 Version 3 software when accessing terminological content. |
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2.1.6 |
Common Domains |
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CMETs (Common Message Element Types) are a work product produced by a particular committee for expressing a common, useful and reusable concept. Shared Messages are a work product produced for expressing common, useful and reusable message types. |
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2.1.7 |
Administrative Management Domains |
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Administrative Management Domains contain specifications that support Administrative Functions in healthcare facilities. |
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2.1.8 |
Health and Clinical Management Domains |
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The Health and Clinical Managment Domains contain specifications from a variety of healthcare focus areas. |
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3 |
Reading the HL7 V3 Normative Edition Documents |
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The HL7 V3 Normative Edition is best viewed online due to the size of the document and the availability of extensive supporting materials. We are also making the entire package available on CD-ROM. You may also download the documents from the HL7 website. |
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3.1 |
What do the Colors on the Master Table of Contents Mean |
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If you look at menus that appear in the documents, you will notice that six colors are used. The colors indicate the type of document. The different types are enumerated below: |
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3.2 |
What do the Colored Symbols in the Documents Mean |
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Within the documents, you may find several icons that are designed or colored in such a way as to introduce the status of that particular item. Most commonly, main headings will have an icon for their ballot status. By hovering over the icons, you will find a descriptive term to better understand what this icon means. Here is a list of the ballot status icons used in these documents. |
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Ballot Status Icon Descriptions (link to graphic opens in a new window) |
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Ballot Status Icon Descriptions (continued) (link to graphic opens in a new window) |
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4 |
HL7 Organization Overview |
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4.1 |
Mission |
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HL7's mission is to provide standards for the exchange, management and integration of data that supports clinical patient care and the management, delivery and evaluation of healthcare services. Specifically, to create flexible, cost effective approaches, standards, guidelines, methodologies, and related services for interoperability between healthcare information systems. |
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4.2 |
What is HL7? |
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HL7 is one of several ANSI-accredited Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs) operating in the healthcare arena. Most SDOs produce standards (sometimes called specifications or protocols) for a particular healthcare domain such as clinical data, pharmacy, medical devices, imaging or insurance (claims processing) transactions. Health Level Seven's domain is clinical and administrative data. |
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HL7 is a not-for-profit volunteer organization. Its members - providers, vendors, payers, consultants, government groups, pharmaceutical and others who have an interest in the development and advancement of clinical and administrative standards for healthcare - develop the standards. Like all ANSI-accredited SDOs, HL7 adheres to a strict and well-defined set of operating procedures that ensure consensus, openness and balance of interest. A frequent misconception about HL7 (and presumably about the other SDOs) is that it develops software. In reality, Health Level Seven develops specifications, the most widely used being a messaging standard that enables disparate healthcare applications to exchange key sets of clinical and administrative data. |
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The HL7 Working Group is composed of volunteers who give their time on a personal basis or under sponsorship of their employers. Membership in the HL7 Working Group has been, and continues to be, open to anyone wishing to contribute to the development and refinement of the HL7 standards. |
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4.3 |
Background |
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The term "Level 7" refers to the highest level of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This is not to say that HL7 conforms to ISO defined elements of the OSI's seventh level. Also, HL7 does not specify a set of ISO approved specifications to occupy layers 1 to 6 under HL7's abstract message specifications. HL7 does, however, correspond to the conceptual definition of an application-to-application interface placed in the seventh layer of the OSI model. |
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In the OSI conceptual model, the functions of both communications software and hardware are separated into seven layers, or levels. The HL7 Messaging Standard is primarily focused on the issues that occur within the seventh, or application, level. These are the definitions of the data to be exchanged, the timing of the exchanges, and the communication of certain application-specific errors between the applications. However, of necessity, protocols that refer to the lower layers of the OSI model are sometimes mentioned to help implementers understand the context of the standard. They are also sometimes specified to assist implementers in establishing working HL7-based systems. |
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It does not try to assume a particular architecture with respect to the placement of data within applications but is designed to support a central patient care system as well as a more distributed environment where data resides in departmental systems. Instead, HL7 serves as a way for inherently disparate applications and data architectures operating in a heterogeneous system environment to communicate with each other. |
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If we consider the multitude of healthcare information systems applications as well as the variety of environments in which healthcare is delivered, it is evident that there are many more interfaces which could benefit from standardization. The interfaces chosen were considered to be of high priority by the members participating in the standards writing process. HL7's intent is to prepare a complete standard for these interfaces, built on a generic framework that is sufficiently robust to support many other interfaces. |
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5 |
HL7 Version 3 Overview |
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5.1 |
Why a Major New Version? |
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HL7 V3, like V2.x, is a standard for exchanging messages among information systems that implement healthcare applications. However, V3 strives to improve the V2 process and its outcomes. The original process for defining HL7 messages was established in 1987. It has served well since. However, as HL7 membership grew and its standards became more widely used, HL7 has become aware of opportunities to revolutionize healthcare interface computing. HL7 interfaces substantially reduce costs and implementation times when compared to the industry's experience with proprietary interfaces. However, these costs and times vary considerably by vendor, and the industry sees a need for improvement. Substantial optionality in HL7 makes it difficult to specify precise contract terms for HL7 interfaces. This can lead to unrealistic expectations that hurt vendors and buyers equally. The development principles behind HL7 V3 lead to a more robust, fully specified standard. |
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5.1.1 |
Difficulties with the Existing Process |
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The HL7 V2.x development process is entirely ad hoc. There is no explicit methodology. Members receive no formal guidance in constructing messages. Trigger events and data fields are described solely in natural language. The structural relationships among data fields are not clear. Segments are reused in many messages and message definitions are reused for many trigger events. In order to accommodate this extensive reuse, most data fields are optional. Chapters are inconsistent in their use of trigger events versus status codes. There is no specification as to when a specific kind of healthcare information system should be expected to honor a trigger event or accept a message. |
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With V2.x, a Technical Committee creates messages by editing word processing documents directly. The metadata is not available in a structured form until the staff and volunteers tediously extract it from the word processing documents after publication. |
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In summary, there is substantial need to improve this old process in order to handle the breadth and complexity of the challenges HL7 faces today. Our industry will benefit because this new process results in a more rigorous specification. |
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5.1.2 |
Opportunities to Improve |
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Fortunately, software practitioners have learned a lot since 1987. There are better methodologies. Computer support is far more available and cost-effective. However, HL7 cannot take advantage of these developments solely by minor tweaks to the old process. |
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HL7 spent four years characterizing its revised goals and creating a methodology to adapt modern analysis techniques from system building to message design. Initially the HL7 Board of Directors chartered an independent task force to establish the broad outline of the approach. In January 1996, the Technical Steering Committee (TSC) agreed to adopt the main features of the approach and take over its management. Planning work continued in the Modeling and Methodology Committee and the Control/Query Committee. At the completion of V2.3, in the spring of 1997, the HL7 Technical Committees all began to use the V3 process. |
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5.2 |
V3 Principles |
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The HL7 V3 standard development methodology is based on a set of principles providing a common philosophy for all HL7 V3 standard developers. |
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5.3 |
What's New with HL7 V3? |
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5.4 |
Managing HL7 V3 Message Development |
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This section outlines the procedures used to develop the HL7 V3 messages. These procedures are based on the V3 Methodology and the HL7 Bylaws. The goal is to assure that the standard is developed expediently, appropriately documented, consistent with the requirements for an approval by a balanced consensus, and that it complies with the requirements for certification by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). |
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5.4.1 |
Project Scope Definition |
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When a functional Technical Committee undertakes a project to develop new normative material in V3 it creates a brief description of the project for approval by the TSC. The project scope statement contains a concise description of the needs to be met by the transactions. This project scope statement is also be used for coordination of projects with other standards organizations. In fact, project scope statements must be reported to the ANSI so that ANSI can fulfill its standards coordination role.1 |
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Project scope statements are reviewed by the Architectural Review Board (ARB) and must be approved by the HL7 Technical Steering Committee. |
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5.4.2 |
HL7 V3 Methodology |
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The development of V3 messages follows the methodology specified by the HL7 Modeling and Methodology Committee. HL7 may amend the methodology from time to time. The methodology includes a definition of work products delivered by the Technical Committees. Portions of these work products are be designated for three different treatments: |
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The methodology specifies the following requirements. These are annotated to indicate the work products described in the V3 Guide that meet the requirements. The annotations further state whether the work product is normative or informative. |
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The Modeling and Methodology Committee does not have the right to determine the contents of work products created by the Technical Committees. It serves to facilitate their development, and to negotiate changes among the functional Technical Committees to ensure standard-wide consistency. If disputes cannot be resolved by the Technical Committees and/or the Modeling and Methodology Committee, they shall be resolved by the TSC. |
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5.4.3 |
Quality Assurance Process |
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In order to ensure the highest quality of the work products produced during the course of V3 message development, the HL7 Board of Directors has created the ARB. |
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The ARB works with the Technical Committees and Modeling and Methodology Committee to define quality measures for the HL7 work products, measure the work products again them, and that adherence to the defined message development process is documented in a manner consistent with HL7 bylaws and procedures. The ARB does not have the right to amend work products or disallow their distribution. It does have the right to include with any work product a statement describing areas where it has determined that the work product has not met established measures of quality. |
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As a general matter, the ARB is expected to include a statement of its findings in an HL7 general ballot package. However, in order to assist Technical Committees, and to avoid delaying the balloting process, the ARB attempts to make any significant comments as early in the ballot cycle as possible. |
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Disputes with the findings of the ARB are resolved through the TSC and, if necessary, the Board of Directors. |
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6 |
Getting Started |
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The Getting Started section provides guidelines and recommendation for how you should approach the HL7 V3 Publication. Each section below depicts a type of HL7 customer based on his or her relationship to the HL7 standard/organization. Locate the type of user that most closely reflects your experience level. The documentation includes recommended reading that will help you build the HL7 V3 knowledge base you desire. |
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6.1 |
New Implementer |
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A New Implementer is unfamiliar with HL7 terminology, methodology, and organization. A New Implementer may or may not be a member of the HL7 organization. |
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6.1.1 |
Learn the Basics |
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Learning the basics means becoming familiar with the basic terminology and methodology behind HL7. You would expect to learn the basic principles upon which HL7 V3 was constructed. Upon completion of this use case, you would be prepared to learn more detailed information about V3. |
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While learning the basics, refer to: |
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6.2 |
Management |
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6.2.1 |
Manager |
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Managers are responsible for hiring qualified HL7 analysts and programmers. They must supervise interface development and implementation efforts. They do not need to understand all of the details of creating an HL7 message, but they need to understand the concepts enough to review contacts, conformance statements, and assess the skills of their team. |
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6.2.2 |
Project Manager |
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The Project Manager is responsible for ensuring the project is completed within budget, on time, and within scope. Project Managers are not interested in all the details of creating an HL7 V3 message, but he needs to understand the concepts enough to review contacts, conformance statements, and assess the skills of his team. |
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6.2.3 |
Marketer |
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A Marketer is responsible for selling HL7 interfaces. He does not need to know the details, but must understand the major concepts and terminology. |
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6.2.4 |
Construct Site Agreement |
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Constructing a site agreement involves creating a specification for two or more parties to communicate using HL7 messages and documents. |
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When constructing a site agreement, refer to: |
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6.2.5 |
Sign a Deal |
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The deal requires HL7 interfaces, so in order to sign it a basic understanding of trigger events and message types, but not a detailed understanding of message fields, is required. |
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When signing a deal, refer to: |
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6.3 |
Interface Developer |
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6.3.1 |
Interface Analyst |
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Interface Analysts review the interface requirements and write detailed interface specifications. |
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6.3.2 |
Interface Programmer |
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Interface Programmers code and test interface based on the interface specifications. |
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6.3.3 |
Develop Interface |
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Developing an interface requires gathering the interface requirements, analyzing those requirements, developing detailed interface specifications, coding, and testing the interface against the interface specifications and defining the conformance statement. |
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When developing an interface, you must identify the application section you are working within: |
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Once you identify the section you can drill down through to the domain messages. |
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To complete your message development analysis, you will also need to fully understand: |
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For additional reference, be sure to review: |
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6.4 |
HL7 Standard Developer |
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Standard Developers attend HL7 Working Group Meetings and participate in the creation of the HL7 V3 Standard Specification. |
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6.4.1 |
Develop the Standard |
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Developing the HL7 Standards involves an understanding of the HL7 Organization and its development methods. |
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Before committing to HL7 Standards development, review: |
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Identify the section in which you are most interested. |
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Once you identify the section you can drill down to the domain messages. |
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XML Implementation Technology Specification - The XML Implementation Technology Specification defines the representation of HL7 V3 data types and messages in XML, including the method to derive XML DTDs plus additional processing rules from HL7 V3 Hierarchical Message Descriptions (HMDs). |
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Endnotes
|


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Keyword: action
, returns
A type of declaration.
Actions have a declaration and an implementation. These may be separated -- for example by declaring the action in an isolate's interface and providing the action's implementation in the isolate's implementation
block -- or the action's declaration may be followed in-line by an equals sign (=
) and an implementation block.
Actions are similar to procedures in a typical imperative programming language, containing statements which in turn evaluate (and possibly statically verify) expressions and modify state variable.
Actions are semantically synchronous. This means that:
- All actions occur in reaction to input from the environment, and
- All actions are isolated, that is, they appear to occur instantaneously, with no interruption.
An action may return a value by listing a returns (<symbol>:<type>)
in its signature. The named return value must then be assigned within the action.
An action is logically interpreted as a transition relation over state variables.
Examples:
Example: assigning a state variable
action connect(x:node, y:node) = {
link(x,y) := true
}
Example: separate implementation
isolate network = {
type node
relation link(X:node, Y:node)
specification {
action connect(x:node, y:node)
}
implementation {
implement connect {
link(x,y) := true
}
}
}
Example: returning a value
type t
interpret t -> int
action incr(x:t) returns (out:t) = {
out := x + 1
}
Backlinks
- assignment
- assume-guarantee reasoning
- assumption
- attribute
- call
- declaration
- declared variable
- definition
- environment
- export
- function
- guarantee
- import
- initializer
- invariant
- keywords
- local variable
- logical variable
- mixin
- module instantiation
- relation
- state variable
- statement
- thunk
- transition relation
- verification condition
- weakest liberal precondition


JavaScript Day 8 Tutorials
Event loop is to continuously monitor the callstack and the callback queue.
If the callstack is empty and the event loop sees a function present in the callback queue waiting to be executed, it transfers it to the callstack


1 reference to GetCimPropertyAdapter
System.Management.Automation (1)
cimSupport\other\ciminstancetypeadapter.cs (1)
82
PSAdaptedProperty propertyToAdd =
GetCimPropertyAdapter
(property, baseObject);


The interpreter acts as a simple calculator: you can type an expression at it and it will write the value. Expression syntax is straightforward: the operators +, -, * and / work just like in most other languages (for example, Pascal or C); parentheses (()) can be used for grouping. For example:
>>> 2 + 2
4
>>> 50 - 5*6
20
>>> (50 - 5.0*6) / 4
5.0
>>> 8 / 5.0
1.6
The equal sign (=) is used to assign a value to a variable. Afterwards, no result is displayed before the next interactive prompt:
>>> width = 20
>>> height = 5 * 9
>>> width * height
900
If a variable is not “defined” (assigned a value), trying to use it will give you an error:
>>>
>>> n # try to access an undefined variable
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'n' is not defined
There is full support for floating point; operators with mixed type operands convert the integer operand to floating point:
>>>
>>> 3 * 3.75 / 1.5
7.5
>>> 7.0 / 2
3.5
In interactive mode, the last printed expression is assigned to the variable _. This means that when you are using Python as a desk calculator, it is somewhat easier to continue calculations, for example:
>>>
>>> tax = 12.5 / 100
>>> price = 100.50
>>> price * tax
12.5625
>>> price + _
113.0625
>>> round(_, 2)
113.06
Besides numbers, Python can also manipulate strings, which can be expressed in several ways. They can be enclosed in single quotes ('...') or double quotes ("...") with the same result. \
can be used to escape quotes:
>>> 'spam eggs' # single quotes
'spam eggs'
>>> 'doesn\'t' # use \' to escape the single quote...
"doesn't"
>>> "doesn't" # ...or use double quotes instead
"doesn't"
>>> '"Yes," he said.'
'"Yes," he said.'
>>> "\"Yes,\" he said."
'"Yes," he said.'
>>> '"Isn\'t," she said.'
'"Isn\'t," she said.'
String literals can span multiple lines. One way is using triple-quotes: """...""" or '''...'''. End of lines are automatically included in the string, but it’s possible to prevent this by adding a at the end of the line. The following example:
print """\
Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]
-h Display this usage message
-H hostname Hostname to connect to
"""
produces the following output (note that the initial newline is not included):
Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]
-h Display this usage message
-H hostname Hostname to connect to
Strings can be concatenated (glued together) with the + operator, and repeated with *:
>>>
>>> # 3 times 'un', followed by 'ium'
>>> 3 * 'un' + 'ium'
'unununium'
Two or more string literals (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes) next to each other are automatically concatenated.
>>>
>>> 'Py' 'thon'
'Python'
This only works with two literals though, not with variables or expressions:
>>>
>>> prefix = 'Py'
>>> prefix 'thon' # can't concatenate a variable and a string literal
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> ('un' * 3) 'ium'
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
If you want to concatenate variables or a variable and a literal, use +:
>>>
>>> prefix + 'thon'
'Python'
This feature is particularly useful when you want to break long strings:
>>>
>>> text = ('Put several strings within parentheses '
'to have them joined together.')
>>> text
'Put several strings within parentheses to have them joined together.'
Strings can be indexed (subscripted), with the first character having index 0. There is no separate character type; a character is simply a string of size one:
>>>
>>> word = 'Python'
>>> word[0] # character in position 0
'P'
>>> word[5] # character in position 5
'n'
Indices may also be negative numbers, to start counting from the right:
>>>
>>> word[-1] # last character
'n'
>>> word[-2] # second-last character
'o'
>>> word[-6]
'P'
Note that since -0 is the same as 0, negative indices start from -1.
In addition to indexing, slicing is also supported. While indexing is used to obtain individual characters, slicing allows you to obtain a substring:
>>>
>>> word[0:2] # characters from position 0 (included) to 2 (excluded)
'Py'
>>> word[2:5] # characters from position 2 (included) to 5 (excluded)
'tho'
Note how the start is always included, and the end always excluded. This makes sure that s[:i] + s[i:] is always equal to s:
>>>
>>> word[:2] + word[2:]
'Python'
>>> word[:4] + word[4:]
'Python'
Slice indices have useful defaults; an omitted first index defaults to zero, an omitted second index defaults to the size of the string being sliced.
>>>
>>> word[:2] # character from the beginning to position 2 (excluded)
'Py'
>>> word[4:] # characters from position 4 (included) to the end
'on'
>>> word[-2:] # characters from the second-last (included) to the end
'on'
One way to remember how slices work is to think of the indices as pointing between characters, with the left edge of the first character numbered 0. Then the right edge of the last character of a string of n characters has index n, for example:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | y | t | h | o | n |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
The first row of numbers gives the position of the indices 0...6 in the string; the second row gives the corresponding negative indices. The slice from i to j consists of all characters between the edges labeled i and j, respectively. ### For non-negative indices, the length of a slice is the difference of the indices, if both are within bounds. For example, the length of word[1:3] is 2.
Attempting to use a index that is too large will result in an error:
>>>
>>> word[42] # the word only has 6 characters
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: string index out of range
However, out of range slice indexes are handled gracefully when used for slicing:
>>>
>>> word[4:42]
'on'
>>> word[42:]
''
The built-in function len() returns the length of a string:
>>>
>>> s = 'supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'
>>> len(s)
34
| command | description |
|---|---|
| ipython | run IPython |
| ipython qtconsole | runs ipython in QT window |
| ipython notebook | runs the IPython notebook server |
| ipython --help | IPython man page |
| ipython --help-all | IPython man page with all command line options. |
The four most helpful commands, as well as their brief description, are shown to you in a banner, every time you start IPython:
| command | description |
|---|---|
| ? | Introduction and overview of IPython’s features. |
| %quickref | Quick reference. |
| help | Python’s own help system. |
| object? | Details about ‘object’, use ‘object??’ for extra details. |
Tab completion, especially for attributes, is a convenient way to explore the structure of any object you’re dealing with. Simply type object_name.<TAB>
to view the object’s attributes. Besides Python objects and keywords, tab completion also works on file and directory names.
Typing object_name?
will print all sorts of details about any object, including docstrings, function definition lines (for call arguments) and constructor details for classes. To get specific information on an object, you can use the magic commands %pdoc, %pdef, %psource and %pfile
IPython has a set of predefined ‘magic functions’ that you can call with a command line style syntax. There are two kinds of magics, line-oriented and cell-oriented. Line magics are prefixed with the % character and work much like OS command-line calls: they get as an argument the rest of the line, where arguments are passed without parentheses or quotes. Cell magics are prefixed with a double %%, and they are functions that get as an argument not only the rest of the line, but also the lines below it in a separate argument.
The following examples show how to call the builtin %timeit magic, both in line and cell mode:
In [1]: %timeit range(1000)
100000 loops, best of 3: 7.76 us per loop
In [2]: %%timeit x = range(10000)
...: max(x)
...:
1000 loops, best of 3: 223 us per loop
The builtin magics include:
You can always call them using the % prefix, and if you’re calling a line magic on a line by itself, you can omit even that:
run thescript.py
You can toggle this behavior by running the %automagic magic. Cell magics must always have the %% prefix.
A more detailed explanation of the magic system can be obtained by calling %magic, and for more details on any magic function, call %somemagic? to read its docstring. To see all the available magic functions, call %lsmagic.
IPython stores both the commands you enter, and the results it produces. You can easily go through previous commands with the up- and down-arrow keys, or access your history in more sophisticated ways.
Input and output history are kept in variables called In and Out, keyed by the prompt numbers, e.g. In[4]. The last three objects in output history are also kept in variables named _
, __
and ___
.
You can use the %history magic function to examine past input and output. Input history from previous sessions is saved in a database, and IPython can be configured to save output history.
Several other magic functions can use your input history, including %edit, %rerun, %recall, %macro, %save and %pastebin. You can use a standard format to refer to lines:
%pastebin 3 18-20 ~1/1-5
This will take line 3 and lines 18 to 20 from the current session, and lines 1-5 from the previous session.
bookmark
is a directory bookmarking system.
| command | description |
|---|---|
| bookmark name | set bookmark to current dir |
| bookmark name dir | set bookmark to dir |
| bookmark -l | list all bookmarks |
| bookmark -d name | remove bookmark |
| bookmark -r | remove all bookmarks |
Then cd -b <name>
or just cd <name>
if there is no directory called
The cd
magic is necessary (and nicely enhanced) as the system cd
won't work. It keeps a history of the directories visited.
| command | description |
|---|---|
| cd | changes to ~ |
| cd 'dir' | changes to directory 'dir' |
| cd - | changes to previous directory |
cd -<n> |
changes to directory <n> in directory history |
| cd --foo | changes to directory that matches 'foo' in history |
cd -b <name> |
jump to bookmark <name> |
%dhist
prints the directory history and %dhist <n>
prints the last <n>
entries.
As well as a history of directories IPython also has a directory stack.
| command | description |
|---|---|
| dirs | list directory stack |
| pushd | push the current directory onto the stack |
pushd <dir> |
push the current directory and cd to <dir> |
| popd | pop the top directory off the stack and cd to it |
edit
opens things in the editor you have defined in your $EDITOR environment variable.
Here are some prompt configurations you can try out interactively by using the %config magic:
%config PromptManager.in_template =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>[{color.LightCyan}\Y1{color.LightBlue}]{color.Green}|\#> '
%config PromptManager.in2_template = r'{color.Green}|{color.LightGreen}\D{color.Green}> '
%config PromptManager.out_template = r'<\#> '
You can change the prompt configuration to your liking permanently by editing ipython_config.py:
c.PromptManager.in_template =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>[{color.LightCyan}\Y1{color.LightBlue}]{color.Green}|\#> '
c.PromptManager.in2_template = r'{color.Green}|{color.LightGreen}\D{color.Green}> '
c.PromptManager.out_template = r'<\#> '
Read more about the configuration system for details on how to find ipython_config.py.
String lists (IPython.utils.text.SList) are handy way to process output from system commands. They are produced by var = !cmd syntax.
First, we acquire the output of ‘ls -l’:
[Q:doc/examples]|2> lines = !ls -l
==
['total 23',
'-rw-rw-rw- 1 ville None 1163 Sep 30 2006 example-demo.py',
'-rw-rw-rw- 1 ville None 1927 Sep 30 2006 example-embed-short.py',
'-rwxrwxrwx 1 ville None 4606 Sep 1 17:15 example-embed.py',
'-rwxrwxrwx 1 ville None 1017 Sep 30 2006 example-gnuplot.py',
'-rwxrwxrwx 1 ville None 339 Jun 11 18:01 extension.py',
'-rwxrwxrwx 1 ville None 113 Dec 20 2006 seteditor.py',
'-rwxrwxrwx 1 ville None 245 Dec 12 2006 seteditor.pyc']
Now, let’s take a look at the contents of ‘lines’ (the first number is the list element number):
[Q:doc/examples]|3> lines
<3> SList (.p, .n, .l, .s, .grep(), .fields() available).  Value:
0: total 23
1: -rw-rw-rw- 1 ville None 1163 Sep 30 2006 example-demo.py
2: -rwxrwxrwx 1 ville None 1017 Sep 30 2006 example-gnuplot.py
3: -rwxrwxrwx 1 ville None 339 Jun 11 18:01 extension.py
4: -rwxrwxrwx 1 ville None 113 Dec 20 2006 seteditor.py
5: -rwxrwxrwx 1 ville None 245 Dec 12 2006 seteditor.pyc
Now, we want strings having just file names and permissions:
[Q:doc/examples]|6> l2.fields(8,0)
<6> SList (.p, .n, .l, .s, .grep(), .fields() available). Value:
0: total
1: example-demo.py -rw-rw-rw-
2: example-gnuplot.py -rwxrwxrwx
3: extension.py -rwxrwxrwx
4: seteditor.py -rwxrwxrwx
5: seteditor.pyc -rwxrwxrwx
Note how the line with ‘total’ does not raise IndexError.
If you want to split these (yielding lists), call fields() without arguments:
[Q:doc/examples]|7> _.fields()
<7>
[['total'],
['example-demo.py', '-rw-rw-rw-'],
['example-gnuplot.py', '-rwxrwxrwx'],
['extension.py', '-rwxrwxrwx'],
['seteditor.py', '-rwxrwxrwx'],
['seteditor.pyc', '-rwxrwxrwx']]
If you want to pass these separated with spaces to a command (typical for lists if files), use the .s property:
[Q:doc/examples]|13> files = l2.fields(8).s
[Q:doc/examples]|14> files
<14> 'example-demo.py example-gnuplot.py extension.py seteditor.py seteditor.pyc'
[Q:doc/examples]|15> ls $files
example-demo.py example-gnuplot.py extension.py seteditor.py seteditor.pyc
SLists are inherited from normal python lists, so every list method is available:
[Q:doc/examples]|21> lines.append('hey')
Let's start with a list of files.
cd /Applications/Utilities
utils = !ls
We now have an Slist. Have a look at it.
utils.p
utils.n
utils.s
What's the problem with utils.s
?
We're going to use map
def quote(str):
return '"' + str + '"'
new = map(quote, utils)
them = ' '.join(new)
them
List comprehensions are a neat trick
u = ['"' + i +'"' for i in utils]
u
First we get our JSS object
import jss
jss_prefs = jss.JSSPrefs()
j = jss.JSS(jss_prefs)
Get the computer list
j.Computer()
Notice that python-jss pretty prints the list. Note also that it doesn't retrieve all the information, just the name and id.
Put the result in a variable and format it yourself.
computers = j.Computer()
for i in computers:
print "id:"+str(i.id)+" name:"+i.name
Now get the record of one computer. This will get all the record.
example = j.Computer(193)
example
We can view that with less
using the page
magic.
page example
Some information is easily retrieved
example.serial_number
example.mac_addresses
Other information requires some XML work. XML is a tree of nodes and we have to work with those nodes.
Let's get a list of installed applications. findall()
will return a list of nodes that match our search string. find()
returns a single child node that matches.
x = example.findall('.//application')
for i in x:
nm = i.find('name')
ver = i.find('version')
path = i.find('path')
print nm.text, ver.text, path.text
Rather than print it let's gather the info.
o = []
for i in x:
nm = i.find('name')
ver = i.find('version')
path = i.find('path')
o.append(' '.join([nm.text, ver.text, path.text]))
o
model = comp.findall('.//hardware/model_identifier')
model[0].text
os = comp.findall('.//os_version')
os[0].text
Lets get all the computer records. (This might take a while.)
all_computers = j.Computer().retrieve_all()
Now iterate over them
for computer in all_computers:
model = computer.findtext('model')
os = computer.findtext('os_version')


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import errno
import imp
import sys
import warnings
import psutil
from builtins import input
from past.builtins import basestring
from datetime import datetime
from functools import reduce
import os
import re
import signal
from jinja2 import Template
from airflow import configuration
from airflow.exceptions import AirflowException
# When killing processes, time to wait after issuing a SIGTERM before issuing a
# SIGKILL.
DEFAULT_TIME_TO_WAIT_AFTER_SIGTERM = configuration.conf.getint(
'core', 'KILLED_TASK_CLEANUP_TIME'
)
[docs]def validate_key(k, max_length=250):
if not isinstance(k, basestring):
raise TypeError("The key has to be a string")
elif len(k) > max_length:
raise AirflowException(
"The key has to be less than {0} characters".format(max_length))
elif not re.match(r'^[A-Za-z0-9_\-\.]+$', k):
raise AirflowException(
"The key ({k}) has to be made of alphanumeric characters, dashes, "
"dots and underscores exclusively".format(**locals()))
else:
return True
def alchemy_to_dict(obj):
"""
Transforms a SQLAlchemy model instance into a dictionary
"""
if not obj:
return None
d = {}
for c in obj.__table__.columns:
value = getattr(obj, c.name)
if type(value) == datetime:
value = value.isoformat()
d[c.name] = value
return d
def ask_yesno(question):
yes = set(['yes', 'y'])
no = set(['no', 'n'])
done = False
print(question)
while not done:
choice = input().lower()
if choice in yes:
return True
elif choice in no:
return False
else:
print("Please respond by yes or no.")
def is_in(obj, l):
"""
Checks whether an object is one of the item in the list.
This is different from ``in`` because ``in`` uses __cmp__ when
present. Here we change based on the object itself
"""
for item in l:
if item is obj:
return True
return False
[docs]def is_container(obj):
"""
Test if an object is a container (iterable) but not a string
"""
return hasattr(obj, '__iter__') and not isinstance(obj, basestring)
[docs]def as_tuple(obj):
"""
If obj is a container, returns obj as a tuple.
Otherwise, returns a tuple containing obj.
"""
if is_container(obj):
return tuple(obj)
else:
return tuple([obj])
def chunks(items, chunk_size):
"""
Yield successive chunks of a given size from a list of items
"""
if chunk_size <= 0:
raise ValueError('Chunk size must be a positive integer')
for i in range(0, len(items), chunk_size):
yield items[i:i + chunk_size]
def reduce_in_chunks(fn, iterable, initializer, chunk_size=0):
"""
Reduce the given list of items by splitting it into chunks
of the given size and passing each chunk through the reducer
"""
if len(iterable) == 0:
return initializer
if chunk_size == 0:
chunk_size = len(iterable)
return reduce(fn, chunks(iterable, chunk_size), initializer)
def as_flattened_list(iterable):
"""
Return an iterable with one level flattened
>>> as_flattened_list((('blue', 'red'), ('green', 'yellow', 'pink')))
['blue', 'red', 'green', 'yellow', 'pink']
"""
return [e for i in iterable for e in i]
def chain(*tasks):
"""
Given a number of tasks, builds a dependency chain.
chain(task_1, task_2, task_3, task_4)
is equivalent to
task_1.set_downstream(task_2)
task_2.set_downstream(task_3)
task_3.set_downstream(task_4)
"""
for up_task, down_task in zip(tasks[:-1], tasks[1:]):
up_task.set_downstream(down_task)
def cross_downstream(from_tasks, to_tasks):
r"""
Set downstream dependencies for all tasks in from_tasks to all tasks in to_tasks.
E.g.: cross_downstream(from_tasks=[t1, t2, t3], to_tasks=[t4, t5, t6])
Is equivalent to:
t1 --> t4
\ /
t2 -X> t5
/ \
t3 --> t6
t1.set_downstream(t4)
t1.set_downstream(t5)
t1.set_downstream(t6)
t2.set_downstream(t4)
t2.set_downstream(t5)
t2.set_downstream(t6)
t3.set_downstream(t4)
t3.set_downstream(t5)
t3.set_downstream(t6)
:param from_tasks: List of tasks to start from.
:type from_tasks: List[airflow.models.BaseOperator]
:param to_tasks: List of tasks to set as downstream dependencies.
:type to_tasks: List[airflow.models.BaseOperator]
"""
for task in from_tasks:
task.set_downstream(to_tasks)
[docs]def pprinttable(rows):
"""Returns a pretty ascii table from tuples
If namedtuple are used, the table will have headers
"""
if not rows:
return
if hasattr(rows[0], '_fields'): # if namedtuple
headers = rows[0]._fields
else:
headers = ["col{}".format(i) for i in range(len(rows[0]))]
lens = [len(s) for s in headers]
for row in rows:
for i in range(len(rows[0])):
slenght = len("{}".format(row[i]))
if slenght > lens[i]:
lens[i] = slenght
formats = []
hformats = []
for i in range(len(rows[0])):
if isinstance(rows[0][i], int):
formats.append("%%%dd" % lens[i])
else:
formats.append("%%-%ds" % lens[i])
hformats.append("%%-%ds" % lens[i])
pattern = " | ".join(formats)
hpattern = " | ".join(hformats)
separator = "-+-".join(['-' * n for n in lens])
s = ""
s += separator + '\n'
s += (hpattern % tuple(headers)) + '\n'
s += separator + '\n'
def f(t):
return "{}".format(t) if isinstance(t, basestring) else t
for line in rows:
s += pattern % tuple(f(t) for t in line) + '\n'
s += separator + '\n'
return s
def reap_process_group(pid, log, sig=signal.SIGTERM,
timeout=DEFAULT_TIME_TO_WAIT_AFTER_SIGTERM):
"""
Tries really hard to terminate all children (including grandchildren). Will send
sig (SIGTERM) to the process group of pid. If any process is alive after timeout
a SIGKILL will be send.
:param log: log handler
:param pid: pid to kill
:param sig: signal type
:param timeout: how much time a process has to terminate
"""
def on_terminate(p):
log.info("Process %s (%s) terminated with exit code %s", p, p.pid, p.returncode)
if pid == os.getpid():
raise RuntimeError("I refuse to kill myself")
parent = psutil.Process(pid)
children = parent.children(recursive=True)
children.append(parent)
try:
pg = os.getpgid(pid)
except OSError as err:
# Skip if not such process - we experience a race and it just terminated
if err.errno == errno.ESRCH:
return
raise
log.info("Sending %s to GPID %s", sig, pg)
os.killpg(os.getpgid(pid), sig)
gone, alive = psutil.wait_procs(children, timeout=timeout, callback=on_terminate)
if alive:
for p in alive:
log.warn("process %s (%s) did not respond to SIGTERM. Trying SIGKILL", p, pid)
os.killpg(os.getpgid(pid), signal.SIGKILL)
gone, alive = psutil.wait_procs(alive, timeout=timeout, callback=on_terminate)
if alive:
for p in alive:
log.error("Process %s (%s) could not be killed. Giving up.", p, p.pid)
def parse_template_string(template_string):
if "{{" in template_string: # jinja mode
return None, Template(template_string)
else:
return template_string, None
class AirflowImporter(object):
"""
Importer that dynamically loads a class and module from its parent. This
allows Airflow to support ``from airflow.operators import BashOperator``
even though BashOperator is actually in
``airflow.operators.bash_operator``.
The importer also takes over for the parent_module by wrapping it. This is
required to support attribute-based usage:
.. code:: python
from airflow import operators
operators.BashOperator(...)
"""
def __init__(self, parent_module, module_attributes):
"""
:param parent_module: The string package name of the parent module. For
example, 'airflow.operators'
:type parent_module: str
:param module_attributes: The file to class mappings for all importable
classes.
:type module_attributes: str
"""
self._parent_module = parent_module
self._attribute_modules = self._build_attribute_modules(module_attributes)
self._loaded_modules = {}
# Wrap the module so we can take over __getattr__.
sys.modules[parent_module.__name__] = self
@staticmethod
def _build_attribute_modules(module_attributes):
"""
Flips and flattens the module_attributes dictionary from:
module => [Attribute, ...]
To:
Attribute => module
This is useful so that we can find the module to use, given an
attribute.
"""
attribute_modules = {}
for module, attributes in list(module_attributes.items()):
for attribute in attributes:
attribute_modules[attribute] = module
return attribute_modules
def _load_attribute(self, attribute):
"""
Load the class attribute if it hasn't been loaded yet, and return it.
"""
module = self._attribute_modules.get(attribute, False)
if not module:
# This shouldn't happen. The check happens in find_modules, too.
raise ImportError(attribute)
elif module not in self._loaded_modules:
# Note that it's very important to only load a given modules once.
# If they are loaded more than once, the memory reference to the
# class objects changes, and Python thinks that an object of type
# Foo that was declared before Foo's module was reloaded is no
# longer the same type as Foo after it's reloaded.
path = os.path.realpath(self._parent_module.__file__)
folder = os.path.dirname(path)
f, filename, description = imp.find_module(module, [folder])
self._loaded_modules[module] = imp.load_module(module, f, filename, description)
# This functionality is deprecated, and AirflowImporter should be
# removed in 2.0.
warnings.warn(
"Importing '{i}' directly from '{m}' has been "
"deprecated. Please import from "
"'{m}.[operator_module]' instead. Support for direct "
"imports will be dropped entirely in Airflow 2.0.".format(
i=attribute, m=self._parent_module.__name__),
DeprecationWarning)
loaded_module = self._loaded_modules[module]
return getattr(loaded_module, attribute)
def __getattr__(self, attribute):
"""
Get an attribute from the wrapped module. If the attribute doesn't
exist, try and import it as a class from a submodule.
This is a Python trick that allows the class to pretend it's a module,
so that attribute-based usage works:
from airflow import operators
operators.BashOperator(...)
It also allows normal from imports to work:
from airflow.operators.bash_operator import BashOperator
"""
if hasattr(self._parent_module, attribute):
# Always default to the parent module if the attribute exists.
return getattr(self._parent_module, attribute)
elif attribute in self._attribute_modules:
# Try and import the attribute if it's got a module defined.
loaded_attribute = self._load_attribute(attribute)
setattr(self, attribute, loaded_attribute)
return loaded_attribute
raise AttributeError
def render_log_filename(ti, try_number, filename_template):
"""
Given task instance, try_number, filename_template, return the rendered log filename
:param ti: task instance
:param try_number: try_number of the task
:param filename_template: filename template, which can be jinja template or python string template
"""
filename_template, filename_jinja_template = parse_template_string(filename_template)
if filename_jinja_template:
jinja_context = ti.get_template_context()
jinja_context['try_number'] = try_number
return filename_jinja_template.render(**jinja_context)
return filename_template.format(dag_id=ti.dag_id,
task_id=ti.task_id,
execution_date=ti.execution_date.isoformat(),
try_number=try_number)


E. Pasqua & B.Uyarer
| Enrica Pasqua @enricapq | Bahadir Uyarer @baadirr |
|
Data Engineer Manager @ Delivery Hero |
Data Scientist @ Delivery Hero |
https://github.com/enricapq/
pyconde2019-airflow-ml-workshop
Forecast Daily MIN temperature for Melbourne (AU)
- Min. daily temperatures in Melbourne over 10 years (1981-1990)
- Units are in degrees Celsius
- There are 3650 observations
- Data is credited to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology
https://github.com/enricapq/
pyconde2019-airflow-ml-workshop


Room name
Version
ID
Creator
Creator UID
Max players
Players
Private
Map
Timestamp
Normalized time
Password (hashed)
Turn length
Goal


PartnerUp is an app built for Hack Reactor Software Engineering Immersive, aimed at automating the process of creating student groups for coding exercises, whiteboarding, large projects, etc., with a few base goals in mind:
Students who have previously worked together (within a user-defined student "pool") should not be paired together again until it is necessary
The history of past groupings should be recorded and should be accessible both for whole classes, and for individual students.
Instructors should have full control over the groupings, able to manually move students around and overwrite the automated groupings any way they desire
Students should also be able to create groups for people in their classes for personal study sessions, hackathons, or even just recreational tournaments outside of programming
PartnerUp is fully integrated with Hack Reactor's MakerPass, allowing for smooth implementation into the existing course administration and structure. Thus, in its current state, PartnerUp is not usable without a MakerPass account, but we do have this demo version to check out if you aren't affiliated with Hack Reactor.
NB: Because this is just a demo, any data created will not persist if you leave the page. The full version features such persistence
The full version of PartnerUp can be found here
The github repository for PartnerUp can be found here


The Big Deal About Brains
I mean PCs. I keep saying stuff like that...But it probably has to do with brains working very similarly to computers, or maybe computers work like brains...Who knows which came first.
When we boil everything down, computers are just like everything else in the world. Things that react to stimuli. We react to stimuli, other animals react to stimuli, even plants and trees react. We can go as far out as the planet, the stars, and indeed the universe. We made computers, however, to react to us and things we needed them to react to.
But I want to talk about how PCs and brains (human at least) work very similarly. Perhaps as we've learned, and continue to learn more, about how our brains work, we can make more sophisticated computers.
Parts Of The PC
Without putting our PCs under the knife, we can break them down into basic parts. We have:
- STIMULUS: that's us for the most part
- INPUT: when we touch the keyboard, mouse, touch screen, etc.
- COMPUTER STUFF: from some ancient technomancy, translates our input into..
- OUTPUT: usually a monitor of some sort
- RINSE, LATHER, REPEAT
The Actual Parts Of The PC
So each computer is different, depending on the needs of it. Computer means input *turns into output (*technomancy). But, let's talk about, arguably the most common, the PC.
- Motherboard: this is the central circuit board of the computer. Everything goes through it in some fashion. It determines what ports you can have, how much RAM you can have, etc. If your motherboard isn't up to snuff, the rest of your computer isn't.
- Thalamus: a lot like the motherboard. It's a part of our brain that transmits information to the correct places. When our eyes capture light, it goes to the thalamus first, then the thalamas decides to send it to the occipital lobe to process as images. If it's a sound it goes to, conveniently, the primary auditory cortex.
- CPU: Central Processing Unit. Intel and AMD mostly make them, though you've probably only heard of Intel on T.V. They operate pretty much completely on 64bit architecture now (which is just a fancy way of saying it can hold more information while processing it). And clock speed, in general, is how fast it can process the information. A very average 2 GHz, at peak, means the CPU can do 1,000 000,000 computations per second.
- General Brain: the CPU equivilent would just be your entire brain. You want to do something, but you don't really have to actively think abou it.  It takes in all our sensory information (mostly drowns out static info) with some parts of our body being extremely sensitive.
- RAM: Random Access Memory is the buffer your CPU needs to store the information it is processing. Having more RAM doesn't make your computer faster, it's the combination of RAM and CPU that make fast computers.
- Nervous System: A good analogy to RAM. Our fingers touch something, but our brains don't automatically know that. It gets sent to our spine along a network, then up to our brain. If you visit webites and they store cookies to help it load faster each time you visit, your body does the same thing. Some information doesn't even need to reach your brain. Many reflexes, especially pain, go to the spine and straight back.
Better Life Science == Better Computer Science
Computers are great. They weren't always as great as they are now. Heck, a graphing calculator has a lot of computing power compared to the first computers. They're a complex, intricate network of wires, cards, circuits, I/O, powered by electricity.
I think, the more we further understand ourselves and our surroundings, the more we can tailor computers to do more for us. There are articles you can look up about how our brains don't just use each part of the brain seperately. Blind people literally can see with their hands. The information their fingers pick up get processed by the visual cortex. People can hear with their tongues. People have gotten a camera jacked into their optic nerve, and the brain translates that information into something it can use.
Imagine if the componenets of a computer could replace one another or work in unison to be faster, more accurate, more powerful. The future of computers is awesome, as is the future of discovering ourselves and how the two interact with each other.


UFC Fight Night: Magomedsharipov vs. Kattar staff predictions
by Mookie AlexanderThe Bloody Elbow staff has made its predictions for UFC Moscow, and the majority of us are going with Zabit Magomedsharipov to beat Calvin Kattar in the main event. No one is daring to pick Greg Hardy over Alexander Volkov in the co-main, unsurprisingly.
Note: Predictions are entered throughout the week and collected the day before the event. Explanations behind each pick are not required and some writers opt not to do so for their own reasons. For example, if Phil Mackenzie entered all of his predictions on Wednesday without adding in any explanations, he has no idea if he’s going to be the only one siding with one fighter for any given fight.
Note 2: We are looking at a new predictions format, and that means only having descriptions on our picks for the top 2-4 fights on smaller UFC events such as this one.
Zabit Magomedsharipov vs. Calvin Kattar
Anton Tabuena: This feels like a showcase fight to me, and while Kattar has the tools to test him, I still expect Zabit to impress and win big in his home country. Zabit Magomedsharipov by Submission.
Mooke Alexander: I don’t agree with Anton. This is not a showcase fight and is in fact a very dangerous fight for Zabit. Kattar is the better boxer and he has serious power in his hands. What I do believe actually hurts Kattar is the fact that it’s three rounds and not five. Magomedsharipov’s cardio is not that great and people who put a pace on him can slow him down. What I can’t get past is how Kattar will handle Zabit’s grappling prowess early on, and Zabit does have much more diverse striking than Kattar’s boxing-heavy approach. What I believe most likely happens is Zabit starts strongly, Kattar finds his range as Zabit fades and his takedowns become more desperate, but it’ll be too late to turn the fight around. Zabit Magomedsharipov by unanimous decision.
Zane Simon: There are some real questions here, just how much better pressure footwork than Jeremy Stephens do you need to get to Zabit Magomedsharipov? And does Kattar have that. If so, even Kyle Bochniak showed that relentlessness and durability can wear Zabit down. But, Zabit has also shown, especially in early rounds, that he’s a very difficult fighter to solve and track down, just because of his speed and creativity. Over 5 rounds, Kattar very likely could have found the answer. With only 3? Zabit Magomedsharipov by decision.
Staff picking Zabit: Nick, Mookie, Anton, Dayne, Zane
Staff picking Kattar: Stephie, Phil
Alexander Volkov vs. Greg Hardy
Anton Tabuena: Not sure why the UFC (and some media members) seem to desperately want to promote Hardy so much despite being terrible both inside and outside the cage, but this will likely be the end of his winning streak. Of course, this is still heavyweight and crazy things can happen — just look at Volkov’s last fight — but I believe Hardy will just be completely out of his depth here. Volkov won’t have an edge in power here, but that’s something he won’t necessarily need to get a finish as he’s the far superior striker. Alexander Volkov by TKO.
Mookie Alexander: Volkov is good. Greg Hardy is not. Alexander Volkov by KO, round 2.
Zane Simon: There’s zero reason Volkov shouldn’t win this, except that it’s heavyweight, and Hardy is huge. Otherwise, Hardy hasn’t shown anything to suggest that he’s going to go after Volkov after the first round. So, as long as Volkov doesn’t just get instantly sparked, he should be fine as the much higher workrate, more technical, better cardio’d fighter. Alexander Volkov via TKO.
  His consistent inability to stick to a gameplan and go haywire with sloppy strikes could lead to him getting sparked out there. But Imadaev is hardly any better from a technical standpoint, so I think it’s a matter of who lands the harder strikes first, and who is the more capable finisher. Danny Roberts by KO, round 1.
Zane Simon: There’s no reason that Danny Roberts can’t win this. Imadaev is kind of a technical mess. A fighter used to walking through fairly undersized competition with sheer aggression. But, Imadaev does hit hard, and puts together some fairly creative offense. And his bout with Max Griffin showed that he can keep a pace and will fight hard through adversity. Roberts is more technical everywhere, but he has trouble controlling fights anywhere, and his habit of planting his feet and swinging hard leaves his fairly suspect chin exposed. If Imadaev can just keep in the bout, I get the feeling he’ll find his moment to put Roberts away. Zelim Imadaev by KO.
Phil Mackenzie: I guess I’ll join Mookie with extreme trepidation. Roberts combines some Blackzilians-level decision making with a shaky chin and not cast-iron wrestling.  Ramazan Emeev by unanimous decision.
Zane Simon: Martin’s become a much slicker counterpuncher over the years, but that also means he does a lot of waiting on and backing away from opponents.  Ramazan Emeev by decision.
Phil Mackenzie: I really want to pick Rocco here but if he has a consistency it’s that he beats blitz fighters on the counter (Matthews, LaFlare) but struggles when people just wade into the clinch.
- Zabit Magomedsharipov
- Calvin Kattar
vote view results
- 66% Zabit Magomedsharipov (232 votes)
- 33% Calvin Kattar (116 votes)
348 votes total Vote Now


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 This is pretty much the first animation I have ever made (except for a bird flying off the screen) and also my first game. I tried my best...be kind ^^
Click anywhere on the game to enable keyboard controls.


Peter Nencini is a designer hidden in plain sight. I first stumbled across Nencini’s work a number of years ago, by way of his “Make Do Type” typeface. A typeface made up of the most primal forms forms, lines, circles, squares, and triangles. Admittedly his typeface, was a catalyst for the theme of this zine.
Yet his work is more than just studies in typography but rather a cacophony of mediums.
Such as the Hand Werk Box series, whose visual language is distincly one of design, yet nestled in the context of an art diaorama reminiscent Joseph Cornell’s art boxes (albeit not as rustic). Each box is comprised of various bits of typography (via Scrabble tiles) patterns, tools (via school science lab suppliers), etc.
I’ve become a persistent follower of his personal blog, on which he catalogs his work and explorations. Very rarely are we the viewers given a peek behind the curtain as with Nencini’s own blog. With an average of 2.9 posts a month to chronicle his prolific output, it’s impressive that he is able to make time for everything else. Not to be outdone, Peter is critical of his own output “Here in this space, I’m hovering too much over each sentence — each postable image — and enjoying blurted thoughts published elsewhere with a 130 character cap.”
In 1992 he relocated to London to study at the Royal College of Art. After earning a masters in illustration in 1994, he ventured off to Brussels for a 3 year stint working as a designer for ?Levi’s European design team?. Eventually returning to London where he’s been ever since. [need more info to flush this out] He also contributes to Camberwell Illustrator and Key Ideas both of which stem from his participation as a tutor and lecturer at Camberwell College of Arts.
The type of work that Peter creates spreads the gamut and, in my opinion, challenges the definition of “designer.” Personally I am cautious of anyone who touts (not to say that he does) saddling the gap of artist and designer. In my experience and opinion designers typically make for terrible artists and artists make for terrible designers. In spite of this I must admit, Peter Nencini’s work and approach satisfies both criteria of the art and design. Perhaps he is the elusive artist/designer unicorn? It can be said that art is a way of expressing the inexpressible, a way of creating from a place within that is taps the unconscious. Whereas, I would argue, design comes from a place of asking or answering (the attempt atleast) questions to address certain objectives. I won’t attempt to address the pitfalls that comprise the debate of “art vs. design” wihin this article, instead I would like to highlight the work that Peter does as the gray area between the two. The rigor of research and reference he pours into his work is that of an Jan Van Eyck painting. Yet the simple aesthetic of designers such as Emil Ruder or Max Bill are very obvious.
In lieu of producing a retrospective or cataloging Nencini’s work, I’ve opted to feature a smattering of his work, which not only embody the theme of this issue, but also show the breadth of the work he is doing in both artist and designer camps.
Make Do Type


Harry Styles denies drug use in One Direction but 'experimented after leaving'
Harry Styles has opened up on his alleged drug use but has denied being under the influence while recording with boy band One Direction
by James Brinsford, https://www.facebook.com/james.brinsfordHarry Styles has denied taking drugs while performing with One Direction.
The 25-year-old singer has admitted that he 'experimented' with illegal substances after quitting the band, saying that he bit the end of his tongue off in Malibu while high on mushrooms during the recording of his new album, Fine Line.
Harry reflected on his time in One Direction on Zane Lowe's Apple radio show on Friday, saying he avoided drugs for fear of risking the band's success.
Since leaving the band in 2016, Harry has said that he then felt safe enough to experiment.

"So I was like, now is the time in my life when you probably go out and experiment and do this and you take this and you do that and that's what you do with your friends.
 So I was like, I'm not going to do any of that stuff."
However, Harry said it was different while recording Fine Line at Malibu's famous Shangri-La studios, saying he felt "so safe".
"Making this record felt like, I just felt so much more joyous and I was with my friends and we were in Malibu. I felt so safe," he said.
"It was like, I want to take some mushrooms, now is the time to have fun. We're in Malibu, 24, I'm also in music."
Harry told Rolling Stone magazine that while recording Fine Line, which will contain the singles Lights Up and Watermelon Sugar, he would "do mushrooms" and listen to the Paul McCartney album Ram and lie in the sunshine.
Pointing to a corner at Shangri-La studios in Malibu, Styles said: "This is where I was standing when we were doing mushrooms and I bit off the tip of my tongue. So I was trying to sing with all this blood gushing out of my mouth. So many fond memories, this place."
Fine Line will be released on December 13.
Do you have a story to sell? Get in touch with us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or call us direct 0207 29 33033.


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The username and password that will be used as the cloud administrator’s credentials if the –test flag are used, which should only be used when developing AppScale (and not in production environments).
When running over a cloud infrastructure, the user must set the following environment variables
Some operations use an infinite timeout, and while -1 or 1.0/0 work in older versions of Ruby 1.8.7 (default on Ubuntu Lucid and before), they don’t work in newer versions of Ruby 1.8.7 and Ruby 1.9. Instead, just use a large number, which will work on both.
The regular expressions to use to find the public and private IPs (or FQDNs in case of EC2).
A constant that indicates that verbose logging should be produced.
The maximum amount of time we should wait for the first node in the system to go from ‘pending’ to ‘running’ and acquire a public IP. Our current VM size is about 10GB, so this means that in Eucalyptus it could take up to 30 minutes to start if the image wasn’t cached.
When using EC2 in a hybrid cloud deployment, the user must set the following environment variables (prefixed by CLOUDX_, where X is an integer)
When using Eucalyptus in a hybrid cloud deployment, the user must set the following environment variables (prefixed by CLOUDX_, where X is an integer)
The amount of time to sleep between invocations of ec2-describe-instances when starting up the first node in the system. This should definitely not be lower than 5 seconds, as Eucalyptus 2.0.3 or newer will interpret it as a possible replay attack.
When we try to ssh to other machines, we don’t want to be asked for a password (since we always should have the right SSH key present), and we don’t want to be asked to confirm the host’s fingerprint, so set the options for that here.
Programmer: Jonathan Kupferman Updated by Chris Bunch to add hybrid cloud support
A list of the databases that AppScale nodes can run, and a list of the cloud infrastructures that we can run over.


Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Extra Credit
Credit Account Summary
Account number:
Credit Limit:
Balance at the beginning of the month:
Total amount charged this month:
Total amount of credits this month:
Summary
Let's switch colors!


About The Project
When I was thinking about the final project for this class, I was wondering where I would begin to utilize what I've learned from this school and my passions to create
a project that I thought would reflect both nicely. I love making websites since it is a part of coding that doesn't require hours of math or studying to learn. It is simply a skill that anyone can pick up and be very creative with.
When picking the subject, I knew from the start that I was going to do something on the history and architecture of the buildings of Newark. Being a student of NJIT and a resident of Newark,
The buildings were always my favorite part whenever I would drive in and out of Newark on errand runs or just going back home to my family. I will also attribute it to the fact that a lot of my close friends that I have made
here at NJIT are architecture students who I will be sadly leaving while they finish their fifth and final year next year. I figured the best I could do is pay tribute to them in a fun way.
That leads me to right now where I am coding this entire project in HTML and CSS with a little bit of JavaScript to run the fluidity of the site. The site host I will be using for this project is GitHub
instead of NJIT's AFS server since I have had issues with implementing all the things that I want plus I have some gripes against the public_html system NJIT uses.
That being said, I hope you enjoy this little website that I put together!


3
1 Now the serpent was more shrewd than any other beast of the field which Yahweh God had made. He said to the woman, "Has God really said, 'You must not eat from any tree of the garden?'"
2 The woman said to the serpent, "We may eat the fruit from the trees of the garden,
3 but concerning the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the garden, God said, 'You may not eat it, nor may you touch it, or you will die.'"
4 The serpent said to the woman, "You will surely not die.
5 For God knows that the day you eat it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil."
6 And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable to make one wise, she took some of its fruit, and ate it. And she gave some also to her husband who was with her, and he ate it.
7 The eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked. They sewed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves.
8 They heard the sound of Yahweh God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, so the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of Yahweh God among the trees of the garden.
9 Yahweh God called to the man and said to him, "Where are you?"
10 The man said, "I heard you in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked. So I hid myself."
11 God said, "Who told you that you were naked?
12 The man said, "The woman whom you gave to be with me, she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate it."
13 Yahweh God said to the woman, "What is this you have done?" The woman said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate."
14 Yahweh God said to the serpent,
"Because you have done this, cursed are you alone among all the livestock and all the beasts of the field.
It is on your belly that you will go, and it is dust that you will eat all the days of your life.
15 I will put hostility between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed.
He will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel."
16 To the woman he said,
"I will greatly multiply your pain in having children; it is in pain that you will give birth to children.
Your desire will be for your husband, but he will rule over you."

20 The man called his wife's name Eve because she was the mother of all living things.
21 Yahweh God made for Adam and for his wife garments of skins and clothed them.
22 Yahweh God said, "Now the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil. So now he must not be allowed to reach out with his hand, take from the tree of life, eat it, and live forever."
23 Therefore Yahweh God sent him out from the garden of Eden, to cultivate the ground from which he had been taken.
24 So God drove the man out of the garden, and he placed cherubim at the east of the garden of Eden, and a flaming sword that turned every way, in order to guard the way to the tree of life.


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#include <io_ops.h>
Restores a tensor from checkpoint files.
Reads a tensor stored in one or several files. If there are several files (for instance because a tensor was saved as slices), file_pattern
may contain wildcard symbols (*
and ?
) in the filename portion only, not in the directory portion.
If a file_pattern
matches several files, preferred_shard
can be used to hint in which file the requested tensor is likely to be found. This op will first open the file at index preferred_shard
in the list of matching files and try to restore tensors from that file. Only if some tensors or tensor slices are not found in that first file, then the Op opens all the files. Setting preferred_shard
to match the value passed as the shard
input of a matching Save
Op may speed up Restore. This attribute only affects performance, not correctness. The default value -1 means files are processed in order.
See also RestoreSlice
.
Arguments:
Optional attributes (see Attrs
):
file_pattern
.Returns:
Output
: The restored tensor.
Constructors and Destructors |
|
|---|---|
Restore(const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input file_pattern, ::tensorflow::Input tensor_name, DataType dt)
|
|
Restore(const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input file_pattern, ::tensorflow::Input tensor_name, DataType dt, const Restore::Attrs & attrs)
|
Public attributes |
|
|---|---|
operation
|
|
tensor
|
Public functions |
|
|---|---|
node() const
|
::tensorflow::Node *
|
operator::tensorflow::Input() const
|
|
operator::tensorflow::Output() const
|
|
Public static functions |
|
|---|---|
PreferredShard(int64 x)
|
Structs |
|
|---|---|
|
tensorflow:: |
Optional attribute setters for Restore. |
Operation operation
::tensorflow::Output tensor
Restore( const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input file_pattern, ::tensorflow::Input tensor_name, DataType dt )
Restore( const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input file_pattern, ::tensorflow::Input tensor_name, DataType dt, const Restore::Attrs & attrs )
::tensorflow::Node * node() const
operator::tensorflow::Input() const
operator::tensorflow::Output() const
Attrs PreferredShard( int64 x )


Production Services
Ohio HD Video offers a broad range of production services that cover everything from “script to screen.” We work with clients to produce commercials, business-to-business projects, broadcast television, music video, sports, narrative, internet videos.
On-Set Services
We know the production world has become a lot more complicated during the past few years. New cameras, formats, codecs, and gamma curves have made it necessary to rethink how we shoot, manage, edit, grade, and deliver footage. Ohio HD Video is here with solutions for on-set data management, video playback, and color grading services. Let us handle the workflow while you handle the creative.


--- title: "BACKYARD BIRDING" date: "2000-01-01 21:01:01 -06:00" categories: - boredom-busters subtitle: "" layout: "free-events" event-image: "birding.jpg" event-dates: "" event-location: "Your yard, neighborhood, local waterways and foothills" button-type: "register" tickets-link: "" registration-info: "Bring binoculars" instructor-info: "Nature" member-cost: "" public-cost: "" event-notes: "" tickets-button: "hide" published: true ---
Located on the north/south migration routes for many birds, the Great Salt Lake and the lakes, rivers, and creeks in the surrounding mountains provide a mecca for birdwatchers. Pack a picnic, a birding book, and your binoculars and take a morning walk or hike in the foothills for great opportunities to spot our feathered friends. Can you name all the regular bird visitors in your own back yard?
RED BUTTE GARDEN BIRDING BROCHURE
Want To See More Birds?
Wear muted clothing. Avoid wearing stark white- it can startle away many birds. Speak softly, walk slowly, make no sudden gestures. Stop often or find a shady place to sit and watch.


@(user: models.User, socialProviders: com.mohiva.play.silhouette.impl.providers.SocialProviderRegistry)(implicit messages: Messages, request: RequestHeader)
@import play.api.Play
@main("Privacy Policy and Cookies", Some(user)) {
When you use this site's services, you trust us with your information. This Privacy Policy is meant to help you understand what data we collect, why we collect it, and what we do with it.
This Privacy Policy explains:
- Information we collect.
- How we use the information.
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Information we collect
We collect information to provide better services to our users -- to help us know what content we should be making available and what functionality we should be providing to help our users find that information.
We collect information in the following ways:
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Some information such as an email address is mandatory to identify the account, while others are optional.
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We collect information about the services that you use and how you use them. This information includes:
Log information
When you use our services we automatically collect and store certain information in server logs. This includes:
- Details of how you used our service, such as your search queries
- Browser type, browser language, Internet protocol address and the date and time of your request
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A cookie is a small text file that is stored in your web browser that allows a server to maintain state during a session and across multiple sessions. Cookies might be used for the following purposes:
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(3) to store your preferences;
this site uses cookies for login and authorization purposes as well as maintaining state of web applications
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We use the information we collect from all of our services to provide, maintain, protect and improve those services as well as to develop new ones.
We may use the information to protect our servers and infrastructure from unauthorized use and denial-of-service attacks.
We may use this information to offer you content specifically tailored to your needs, including more relevant search results.
We, the service provider, process information on servers in countries around the world. We may process your information on a server located outside the country where you live.
Your Choices About Collection and Use of Your Information
You can choose not to provide us with certain information, but that may result in you being unable to use certain features of our website because such information may be required in order for for functionality to work on our website.
Other Items of Note
How We Protect Your Personal Information
We take appropriate security measures to help safeguard your personal information from unauthorized access and disclosure. However, no system can be perfectly secure and we do not promise, and you should not expect, that your personal information, searches, or other communications will always remain secure. Users should take care with how they handle and disclose information.
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Notebooks
Story: The Hyena's revenge
The Hyena's revenge
Title
The Hyena's revenge
Collection
Summary
The Lion, the Jackal, the Chersina angulata, and the Hyena. By /han≠kass’o (L VIII.-25. 8232-8251). The Lion and the Jackal throw mud at each other and as a result the Lion sits blinded at the water.
Comments
1) p.8231v: |han≠kass'o heard this story from his mother (|xabbi-an), 2) pp.8234v-8235v: see An ostrich eggshell, if left open, will attract snakes, 3) p.8235v: what the people call a lion and its movements, 4) p.8236v: the name of a woman; what is said when the white hair of the springbok is 'up'; on 'dipping up' water when it has rained, 5) p.8241v & 8242v: sorrow and grief (what the |xam and white men say); the drinking of soup, 6) p.8247v: brave men and cowards, 7) p.8250v: a man Tsatsi (|han≠kass'o's maternal grandfather) told |han≠kass'o about, 8) This story is found in Book VIII-25
Contributors
|han≠kass'o (Klein Jantje) (VIII)
Date
8 February 1879 (started)
Categories
Keywords
teasing person (and the Hyena's revenge) , teasing person (what |xam call) , teasing person (the Jackal is) , Jackal (sings and throws mud quickly) , Jackal (is a teasing person) , Jackal (his mud fight with the Lion) , Jackal (is a person of the Early Race) , Jackal (and the Hyena's revenge) , Hyena (kills the Lion using a cooking pot) , Hyena (grieves and cries) , Hyena (his revenge) , Hyena (the Lion kills his wife Auru, the |go |go'ken or Tortoise) , Hyena (is a person of the Early Race) , Hyena (tricks the Lion) , Lion (the Hyena puts his body in a tree) , Lion (his 'eyes burning burst', killing him) , Lion (is tricked by the Hyena) , Lion (his mud fight with the Jackal) , Lion (is blinded by mud) , Lion (sings and throws mud slowly) , Lion (is a person of the Early Race) , Lion (and the Hyena's revenge) , Lion (kills the Hyena's wife Auru, the |go |go'ken or Tortoise) , Lion (puts the |go |go'ken's head in his bag) , Lion (his head is burnt in the cooking pot) , Lion (is killed by the Hyena) , revenge (the Hyena's) , Tortoise (the |go |go'ken or Chersina angulata, or angulate tortoise) , Tortoise (the Lion kills and eats her) , Tortoise (is the Hyena's wife) , Tortoise (her name is Auru) , Tortoise (her head is placed in the Lion's bag: 'like darkness, at the mouth of the bag') , Tortoise (is a person of the Early Race) , grief (|xam terms for) , grief (the |xam say 'in sorrow') , grief (what white men call) , grief (felt by the Hyena) , grief (and the Hyena's revenge) , darkness (what |xam say about) , darkness ('is not a little black') , darkness (the |go |go'ken or Tortoise's head in the bag which resembles) , darkness (and the Hyena's revenge) , pot (the cooking pot put by Hyena on the Lion's head) , pot (and the Hyena's revenge) , pot (and the death of the Lion) , pot (and the drinking of soup) , soup (methods of drinking) , soup (and the use of a cooking pot) , soup (and the Hyena's revenge) , Early Race (or the First Bushmen) , Early Race (the Lion, the Jackal, the Tortoise and the Hyena are people of) , Early Race (and the Hyena's revenge) , name (of the Tortoise, the Hyena's wife) , name (and the Hyena's revenge) , name (the |go |go'ken or Chersina angulata, or angulate tortoise)
Story Pages
8232-8251


public interface StandardInfo
extends java.io.Serializable
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String> |
getAgentProfiles() |
Tuple<Bid,java.lang.Double> |
getAgreement()
get the agreement.
|
Deadline |
getDeadline() |
java.lang.String |
getStartingAgent() |
java.util.List<Tuple<java.lang.String,java.lang.Double>> |
getUtilities() |
java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String> getAgentProfiles()
java.lang.String getStartingAgent()
getUtilities()
java.util.List<Tuple<java.lang.String,java.lang.Double>> getUtilities()
ActionWithBid
s that
were done, in that order (0 being the first action with a bid,
etc). Agent is the party that did the action. Utility is the
non-discounted utility of his offer. All utilities are in the
utility space of the agent receiving this info.Deadline getDeadline()


1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU DATED THIS THE 9TH DAY OF OCTOBER, 2018 BEFORE THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE P.S. DINESH KUMAR CRIMINAL PETITION NO.587 OF 2013 BETWEEN: SRI S BASAVARAJU S/O SRI.SIDDABASAPPA, AGED ABOUT 60 YEARS, RETIRED MUNICIPAL COMMISSIONER CITY MUNCIPAL COUNCIL, CHITRADURGA PRESENTLY R/AT GIRIDARSHI 3RD CROSS, SIDDESHWARANAGAR, VIDYANAGAR POST, SHIMOGA-577 201. ... PETITIONER (By Sri. VISHWANATH R. HEGDE, ADVOCATE) AND: KARNATAKA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD NO.49, PARISARA BHAVAN, CHURCH STREET, BANGALORE-560 001, REP. BY ITS ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER, REGIONAL OFFICE, H.NO.869, 1ST FLOOR, III CROSS(WEST), J.C.R.EXTENSION, CHITRADURGA-577 501. ... RESPONDENT (By Sri. JEEVAN J. NEERALGI, ADVOCATE) 2 THIS CRL.P IS FILED U/S.482 CR.P.C PRAYING THAT THIS HON'BLE COURT MAY BE PLEASED TO QUASH THE PROCEEDINGS IN C.C.NO. 394/2007 ON THE FILE OF THE II - ADDL. CIVIL JUDGE AND JMFC, CHITRADURGA VIDE ANX- A. THIS CRIMINAL PETITION COMING ON FOR ADMISSION THIS DAY, THE COURT MADE THE FOLLOWING:- ORDER
Heard the learned advocate for the petitioner and the learned HCGP for the respondent-State.
2. Petitioner was working as a Municipal Commissioner, City Municipal Council, Chitradruga. A private complaint in P.C. No.433/2006 was lodged by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board contending inter alia that the petitioner had committed offences punishable under Section 25 of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The private complaint is now converted as C.C.No.394/2007. The petitioner, in this petition, has prayed for quashing the said proceedings. 3
3. Sri.Vishwanath.R.Hegde, learned advocate for the petitioner urged a solitary ground that permission under Section 197 Cr.P.C. was not obtained by the respondent before filling the private complaint.
4. It is trite that no sanction under Section 197 Cr.P.C. is required before initiating prosecution as held by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of V.C.Chinnappa Goudar -vs- Karnataka State Pollution Control Board and Another reported in (2015) 14 SCC 535. Hence, the solitary ground urged by the petitioner is untenable.
In the circumstances, in my view, this petition does not merit consideration and deserves to be dismissed, and is accordingly dismissed.
No costs.
Sd/-
JUDGE ln