interface NavigationInstructionInit {
fragment: string,
queryString: string,
params : Object,
queryParams: Object,
config: RouteConfig,
parentInstruction: NavigationInstruction,
previousInstruction: NavigationInstruction,
router: Router,
options: Object
}
export class CommitChangesStep {
run(navigationInstruction: NavigationInstruction, next: Function) {
return navigationInstruction._commitChanges(true).then(() => {
navigationInstruction._updateTitle();
return next();
});
}
}
/**
* Class used to represent an instruction during a navigation.
*/
export class NavigationInstruction {
/**
* The URL fragment.
*/
fragment: string;
/**
* The query string.
*/
queryString: string;
/**
* Parameters extracted from the route pattern.
*/
params: any;
/**
* Parameters extracted from the query string.
*/
queryParams: any;
/**
* The route config for the route matching this instruction.
*/
config: RouteConfig;
/**
* The parent instruction, if this instruction was created by a child router.
*/
parentInstruction: NavigationInstruction;
/**
* The instruction being replaced by this instruction in the current router.
*/
previousInstruction: NavigationInstruction;
/**
* viewPort instructions to used activation.
*/
viewPortInstructions: any;
plan: Object = null;
options: Object = {};
constructor(init: NavigationInstructionInit) {
Object.assign(this, init);
this.params = this.params || {};
this.viewPortInstructions = {};
let ancestorParams = [];
let current = this;
do {
let currentParams = Object.assign({}, current.params);
Iif (current.config && current.config.hasChildRouter) {
// remove the param for the injected child route segment
delete currentParams[current.getWildCardName()];
}
ancestorParams.unshift(currentParams);
current = current.parentInstruction;
} while (current);
let allParams = Object.assign({}, this.queryParams, ...ancestorParams);
this.lifecycleArgs = [allParams, this.config, this];
}
/**
* Gets an array containing this instruction and all child instructions for the current navigation.
*/
getAllInstructions(): Array<NavigationInstruction> {
let instructions = [this];
for (let key in this.viewPortInstructions) {
let childInstruction = this.viewPortInstructions[key].childNavigationInstruction;
if (childInstruction) {
instructions.push(...childInstruction.getAllInstructions());
}
}
return instructions;
}
/**
* Gets an array containing the instruction and all child instructions for the previous navigation.
* Previous instructions are no longer available after navigation completes.
*/
getAllPreviousInstructions(): Array<NavigationInstruction> {
return this.getAllInstructions().map(c => c.previousInstruction).filter(c => c);
}
/**
* Adds a viewPort instruction.
*/
addViewPortInstruction(viewPortName: string, strategy: string, moduleId: string, component: any): any {
let viewportInstruction = this.viewPortInstructions[viewPortName] = {
name: viewPortName,
strategy: strategy,
moduleId: moduleId,
component: component,
childRouter: component.childRouter,
lifecycleArgs: this.lifecycleArgs.slice()
};
return viewportInstruction;
}
/**
* Gets the name of the route pattern's wildcard parameter, if applicable.
*/
getWildCardName(): string {
let wildcardIndex = this.config.route.lastIndexOf('*');
return this.config.route.substr(wildcardIndex + 1);
}
/**
* Gets the path and query string created by filling the route
* pattern's wildcard parameter with the matching param.
*/
getWildcardPath(): string {
let wildcardName = this.getWildCardName();
let path = this.params[wildcardName] || '';
if (this.queryString) {
path += '?' + this.queryString;
}
return path;
}
/**
* Gets the instruction's base URL, accounting for wildcard route parameters.
*/
getBaseUrl(): string {
if (!this.params) {
return this.fragment;
}
let wildcardName = this.getWildCardName();
let path = this.params[wildcardName] || '';
if (!path) {
return this.fragment;
}
return this.fragment.substr(0, this.fragment.lastIndexOf(path));
}
_commitChanges(waitToSwap: boolean) {
let router = this.router;
router.currentInstruction = this;
if (this.previousInstruction) {
this.previousInstruction.config.navModel.isActive = false;
}
this.config.navModel.isActive = true;
router._refreshBaseUrl();
router.refreshNavigation();
let loads = [];
let delaySwaps = [];
for (let viewPortName in this.viewPortInstructions) {
let viewPortInstruction = this.viewPortInstructions[viewPortName];
let viewPort = router.viewPorts[viewPortName];
if (!viewPort) {
throw new Error(`There was no router-view found in the view for ${viewPortInstruction.moduleId}.`);
}
if (viewPortInstruction.strategy === activationStrategy.replace) {
if (waitToSwap) {
delaySwaps.push({viewPort, viewPortInstruction});
}
loads.push(viewPort.process(viewPortInstruction, waitToSwap).then((x) => {
if (viewPortInstruction.childNavigationInstruction) {
return viewPortInstruction.childNavigationInstruction._commitChanges();
}
}));
} else {
if (viewPortInstruction.childNavigationInstruction) {
loads.push(viewPortInstruction.childNavigationInstruction._commitChanges(waitToSwap));
}
}
}
return Promise.all(loads).then(() => {
delaySwaps.forEach(x => x.viewPort.swap(x.viewPortInstruction));
return null;
}).then(() => prune(this));
}
_updateTitle(): void {
let title = this._buildTitle();
if (title) {
this.router.history.setTitle(title);
}
}
_buildTitle(separator: string = ' | '): string {
let title = this.config.navModel.title || '';
let childTitles = [];
for (let viewPortName in this.viewPortInstructions) {
let viewPortInstruction = this.viewPortInstructions[viewPortName];
if (viewPortInstruction.childNavigationInstruction) {
let childTitle = viewPortInstruction.childNavigationInstruction._buildTitle(separator);
if (childTitle) {
childTitles.push(childTitle);
}
}
}
if (childTitles.length) {
title = childTitles.join(separator) + (title ? separator : '') + title;
}
if (this.router.title) {
title += (title ? separator : '') + this.router.title;
}
return title;
}
}
function prune(instruction) {
instruction.previousInstruction = null;
instruction.plan = null;
}
|


style is to use no indenting, but add vertical white space to create "block paragraphs." On a typewriter, a double carriage return produces a
style is to use no indenting, but add vertical white space to create "block paragraphs." On a typewriter, a double carriage return produces a
style is to use no indenting, but add vertical white space to create "block paragraphs." On a typewriter, a double carriage return produces a
style is to use no indenting, but add vertical white space to create "block paragraphs." On a typewriter, a double carriage return produces a
style is to use no indenting, but add vertical white space to create "block paragraphs." On a typewriter, a double carriage return produces a


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AVOID POSTING TRIVIAL QUESTIONS
If you are wondering something like "Should I use a reference operator or a dereference operator when addressing my pointer?", don't ask us, try it. It takes less time for you to change a few characters and test your application then it will for one of us to reply to your post.
Mythos
1.) I'll break my computer.
2.) It might cause an error and I'll lose all of my <insert E-mail, school reports, pictures of grandma, etc.>.
3.) All of my memory will leak out and my computer won't work.
Reality
the following statements may be invalid in a Windows ME environment
1.) There are so many layers seperating the software and hardware that you cannot accidently write anything that will physically damage your computer.
2.) Unless you are telling your program to save over those files, then nothing your program does can effect data stored on your hard drive. *The pagefile is an exception but if you're about to point that out then you already know that you're being pedantic.
3.) A memory leak is when memory is constantly allocated to a program and is not released. Once the application closes all of the memory that was allocated to it is freed automatically by a system process called a "Garbage Collecter"; this resolves the issue. *There is a well known bug in some versions of Windows where memory is not deallocated correctly when an application is closed, this will happen regardless of any errors in your program and is fixed with a simple reboot so don't let it stop you.


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|
utils4cpp
v0.0.0
c++ utility library
|
Functions | |
| UTILS4CPP_NODISCARD constexpr UStringView | operator""sv (const char *str, std::size_t len) noexcept |
| Forms a string view of a character literal. More... | |
| UTILS4CPP_NODISCARD constexpr UWStringView | operator""sv (const wchar_t *str, std::size_t len) noexcept |
| Forms a string view of a character literal. More... | |
| UTILS4CPP_NODISCARD constexpr U16StringView | operator""sv (const char16_t *str, std::size_t len) noexcept |
| Forms a string view of a character literal. More... | |
| UTILS4CPP_NODISCARD constexpr U32StringView | operator""sv (const char32_t *str, std::size_t len) noexcept |
| Forms a string view of a character literal. More... | |
|
noexcept |
Forms a string view of a character literal.
Definition at line 1415 of file UStringView.hpp.
|
noexcept |
Forms a string view of a character literal.
Definition at line 1424 of file UStringView.hpp.
|
noexcept |
Forms a string view of a character literal.
Definition at line 1433 of file UStringView.hpp.
|
noexcept |
Forms a string view of a character literal.
Definition at line 1442 of file UStringView.hpp.


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Across: 7. At heart, 'tramp' or 'tart' hurtful as name for former 25 1 (4 6) 9. Concern over likely trashy headings for gun horse (4) 10. Being firm eliminates urges (6) 11. Service area for slaughter (8) 12. Initially nine inch ply cut up for vital part (8) 13,21. Mean rat? Fiend? Barmy man? Nut? Entirely odd perpetrator of 26 at 7 (6 6) 14. Concern over likely trash destination for gun horse (7) 17. Wills transformed tennis over time (7) 21. see 13 23. Turner perhaps was finally one in 25 break (8) 26. Horror: being at or around urban centre (8) 27. Ghastly: reacting insanely and entirely pointlessly (6) 28. Face off in eatery? (4) 29. Most of country long desperately for restrictions on arms (3 7) Down: 1. As Tasmania once was: ultimately 27 and uniquely loony (6) 2.  Right religious song? Good to include one in a type of slang (7) 4. Farm hens crippled in first year (8) 5. Lacier outfit is tasty treat (6) 6. Gore: Trump, not representative, is not ultimately someone who wants to help others (8) 8. Levy calculating machines turned one off car-based public transport (7) 12. Longley who played in NBA club, mostly running (3) 15. After a stir, 11 contained uprisers? That was done here in 1919 and 1984 (8) 16. Sweet ones may be whispered - not hard - in good seductive opening (8) 18. Mesmerise in French song (7) 19. Spot of mostly rye perhaps (3) 20. Spotting leader of party Gen Y is mad about (7) 22. Made amends, taking some heat one day (6) 24. A strange cot indeed! (6) 25. Publicity is working for government housing (6)


My name is Darren. I'm a graphic design student at California State University, East Bay, in my senior year. I've always had a passion for the arts, whether it be oil painting, digital art, graphic design, or music.


 Connect your account and import your existing projects automatically. {% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans trimmed with rtd_docs_url="https://docs.readthedocs.io/" %} Check out the documentation for Read the Docs. It contains lots of information about how to get the most out of RTD. {% endblocktrans %}


Werkzeug Changelog
This file lists all major changes in Werkzeug over the versions.
For API breaking changes have a look at API Changes, they
are listed there in detail.
Werkzeug Changelog
Version 0.6.1
(bugfix release, released on April 13th 2010)
- heavily improved local objects. Should pick up standalone greenlet
builds now and support proxies to free callables as well. There is
also a stacked local now that makes it possible to invoke the same
application from within itself by pushing current request/response
on top of the stack.
- routing build method will also build non-default method rules properly
if no method is provided.
- added proper IPv6 support for the builtin server.
- windows specific filesystem session store fixes.
(should no be more stable under high concurrency)
- fixed a NameError in the session system.
- fixed a bug with empty arguments in the werkzeug.script system.
- fixed a bug where log lines will be duplicated if an application uses
logging.basicConfig() (#499)
- added secure password hashing and checking functions.
- HEAD is now implicitly added as method in the routing system if
GET is present. Not doing that was considered a bug because often
code assumed that this is the case and in web servers that do not
normalize HEAD to GET this could break HEAD requests.
- the script support can start SSL servers now.
Version 0.6
(codename Hammer, released on Feb 19th 2010)
- removed pending deprecations
- sys.path is now printed from the testapp.
- fixed an RFC 2068 incompatibility with cookie value quoting.
- the FileStorage now gives access to the multipart headers.
- cached_property.writeable has been deprecated.
- MapAdapter.match() now accepts a return_rule keyword argument
that returns the matched Rule instead of just the endpoint
- routing.Map.bind_to_environ() raises a more correct error message
now if the map was bound to an invalid WSGI environment.
- added support for SSL to the builtin development server.
- Response objects are no longer modified in place when they are evaluated
as WSGI applications. For backwards compatibility the fix_headers
function is still called in case it was overridden.
You should however change your application to use get_wsgi_headers if
you need header modifications before responses are sent as the backwards
compatibility support will go away in future versions.
- append_slash_redirect() no longer requires the QUERY_STRING to be
in the WSGI environment.
- added DynamicCharsetResponseMixin
- added DynamicCharsetRequestMixin
- added BaseRequest.url_charset
- request and response objects have a default __repr__ now.
- builtin data structures can be pickled now.
- the form data parser will now look at the filename instead the
content type to figure out if it should treat the upload as regular
form data or file upload. This fixes a bug with Google Chrome.
- improved performance of make_line_iter and the multipart parser
for binary uploads.
- fixed is_streamed
- fixed a path quoting bug in EnvironBuilder that caused PATH_INFO and
SCRIPT_NAME to end up in the environ unquoted.
- werkzeug.BaseResponse.freeze() now sets the content length.
- for unknown HTTP methods the request stream is now always limited
instead of being empty. This makes it easier to implement DAV
and other protocols on top of Werkzeug.
- added werkzeug.MIMEAccept.best_match()
- multi-value test-client posts from a standard dictionary are now
supported. Previously you had to use a multi dict.
- rule templates properly work with submounts, subdomains and
other rule factories now.
- deprecated non-silent usage of the werkzeug.LimitedStream.
- added support for IRI handling to many parts of Werkzeug.
- development server properly logs to the werkzeug logger now.
- added werkzeug.extract_path_info()
- fixed a querystring quoting bug in url_fix()
- added fallback_mimetype to werkzeug.SharedDataMiddleware.
- deprecated BaseResponse.iter_encoded()‘s charset parameter.
- added BaseResponse.make_sequence(),
BaseResponse.is_sequence and
BaseResponse._ensure_sequence().
- added better __repr__ of werkzeug.Map
- import_string accepts unicode strings as well now.
- development server doesn’t break on double slashes after the host name.
- better __repr__ and __str__ of
werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException
- test client works correctly with multiple cookies now.
- the werkzeug.routing.Map now has a class attribute with
the default converter mapping. This helps subclasses to override
the converters without passing them to the constructor.
- implemented OrderedMultiDict
- improved the session support for more efficient session storing
on the filesystem. Also added support for listing of sessions
currently stored in the filesystem session store.
- werkzeug no longer utilizes the Python time module for parsing
which means that dates in a broader range can be parsed.
- the wrappers have no class attributes that make it possible to
swap out the dict and list types it uses.
- werkzeug debugger should work on the appengine dev server now.
- the URL builder supports dropping of unexpected arguments now.
Previously they were always appended to the URL as query string.
- profiler now writes to the correct stream.
Version 0.5.1
(bugfix release for 0.5, released on July 9th 2009)
- fixed boolean check of FileStorage
- url routing system properly supports unicode URL rules now.
- file upload streams no longer have to provide a truncate()
method.
- implemented BaseRequest._form_parsing_failed().
- fixed #394
- ImmutableDict.copy(), ImmutableMultiDict.copy() and
ImmutableTypeConversionDict.copy() return mutable shallow
copies.
- fixed a bug with the make_runserver script action.
- MultiDict.items() and MutiDict.iteritems() now accept an
argument to return a pair for each value of each key.
- the multipart parser works better with hand-crafted multipart
requests now that have extra newlines added. This fixes a bug
with setuptools uploades not handled properly (#390)
- fixed some minor bugs in the atom feed generator.
- fixed a bug with client cookie header parsing being case sensitive.
- fixed a not-working deprecation warning.
- fixed package loading for SharedDataMiddleware.
- fixed a bug in the secure cookie that made server-side expiration
on servers with a local time that was not set to UTC impossible.
- fixed console of the interactive debugger.
Version 0.5
(codename Schlagbohrer, released on April 24th 2009)
Version 0.4.1
(Bugfix release, released on January 11th 2009)
- werkzeug.contrib.cache.Memcached accepts now objects that
implement the memcache.Client interface as alternative to a list of
strings with server addresses.
There is also now a GAEMemcachedCache that connects to the Google
appengine cache.
- explicitly convert secret keys to bytestrings now because Python
2.6 no longer does that.
- url_encode and all interfaces that call it, support ordering of
options now which however is disabled by default.
- the development server no longer resolves the addresses of clients.
- Fixed a typo in werkzeug.test that broke File.
- Map.bind_to_environ uses the Host header now if available.
- Fixed BaseCache.get_dict (#345)
- werkzeug.test.Client can now run the application buffered in which
case the application is properly closed automatically.
- Fixed Headers.set (#354). Caused header duplication before.
- Fixed Headers.pop (#349). default parameter was not properly
handled.
- Fixed UnboundLocalError in create_environ (#351)
- Headers is more compatible with wsgiref now.
- Template.render accepts multidicts now.
- dropped support for Python 2.3
Version 0.4
(codename Schraubenzieher, released on November 23rd 2008)
- Client supports an empty data argument now.
- fixed a bug in Response.application that made it impossible to use it
as method decorator.
- the session system should work on appengine now
- the secure cookie works properly in load balanced environments with
different cpu architectures now.
- CacheControl.no_cache and CacheControl.private behavior changed to
reflect the possibilities of the HTTP RFC. Setting these attributes to
None or True now sets the value to “the empty value”.
More details in the documentation.
- fixed werkzeug.contrib.atom.AtomFeed.__call__. (#338)
- BaseResponse.make_conditional now always returns self. Previously
it didn’t for post requests and such.
- fixed a bug in boolean attribute handling of html and xhtml.
- added graceful error handling to the debugger pastebin feature.
- added a more list like interface to Headers (slicing and indexing
works now)
- fixed a bug with the __setitem__ method of Headers that didn’t
properly remove all keys on replacing.
- added remove_entity_headers which removes all entity headers from
a list of headers (or a Headers object)
- the responses now automatically call remove_entity_headers if the
status code is 304.
- fixed a bug with Href query parameter handling. Previously the last
item of a call to Href was not handled properly if it was a dict.
- headers now support a pop operation to better work with environ
properties.
Version 0.3.1
(released on June 24th 2008)
- fixed a security problem with werkzeug.contrib.SecureCookie.
More details available in the release announcement.
Version 0.3
(codename EUR325CAT6, released on June 14th 2008)
- added support for redirecting in url routing.
- added Authorization and AuthorizationMixin
- added WWWAuthenticate and WWWAuthenticateMixin
- added parse_list_header
- added parse_dict_header
- added parse_authorization_header
- added parse_www_authenticate_header
- added _get_current_object method to LocalProxy objects
- added parse_form_data
- MultiDict, CombinedMultiDict, Headers, and EnvironHeaders raise
special key errors now that are subclasses of BadRequest so if you
don’t catch them they give meaningful HTTP responses.
- added support for alternative encoding error handling and the new
HTTPUnicodeError which (if not caught) behaves like a BadRequest.
- added BadRequest.wrap.
- added ETag support to the SharedDataMiddleware and added an option
to disable caching.
- fixed is_xhr on the request objects.
- fixed error handling of the url adapter’s dispatch method. (#318)
- fixed bug with SharedDataMiddleware.
- fixed Accept.values.
- EnvironHeaders contain content-type and content-length now
- url_encode treats lists and tuples in dicts passed to it as multiple
values for the same key so that one doesn’t have to pass a MultiDict
to the function.
- added validate_arguments
- added BaseRequest.application
- improved Python 2.3 support
- run_simple accepts use_debugger and use_evalex parameters now,
like the make_runserver factory function from the script module.
- the environ_property is now read-only by default
- it’s now possible to initialize requests as “shallow” requests which
causes runtime errors if the request object tries to consume the
input stream.
Version 0.2
(codename Faustkeil, released Feb 14th 2008)
- Added AnyConverter to the routing system.
- Added werkzeug.contrib.securecookie
- Exceptions have a get_response() method that return a response object
- fixed the path ordering bug (#293), thanks Thomas Johansson
- BaseReporterStream is now part of the werkzeug contrib module. From
Werkzeug 0.3 onwards you will have to import it from there.
- added DispatcherMiddleware.
- RequestRedirect is now a subclass of HTTPException and uses a
301 status code instead of 302.
- url_encode and url_decode can optionally treat keys as unicode strings
now, too.
- werkzeug.script has a different caller format for boolean arguments now.
- renamed lazy_property to cached_property.
- added import_string.
- added is_* properties to request objects.
- added empty() method to routing rules.
- added werkzeug.contrib.profiler.
- added extends to Headers.
- added dump_cookie and parse_cookie.
- added as_tuple to the Client.
- added werkzeug.contrib.testtools.
- added werkzeug.unescape
- added BaseResponse.freeze
- added werkzeug.contrib.atom
- the HTTPExceptions accept an argument description now which overrides the
default description.
- the MapAdapter has a default for path info now. If you use
bind_to_environ you don’t have to pass the path later.
- the wsgiref subclass werkzeug uses for the dev server does not use direct
sys.stderr logging any more but a logger called “werkzeug”.
- implemented Href.
- implemented find_modules
- refactored request and response objects into base objects, mixins and
full featured subclasses that implement all mixins.
- added simple user agent parser
- werkzeug’s routing raises MethodNotAllowed now if it matches a
rule but for a different method.
- many fixes and small improvements
Version 0.1
(codename Wictorinoxger, released Dec 9th 2007)
API Changes
- 0.6
- Old deprecations were removed.
- cached_property.writeable was deprecated.
- BaseResponse.get_wsgi_headers() replaces the older
BaseResponse.fix_headers method. The older method stays
around for backwards compatibility reasons until 0.7.
- BaseResponse.header_list was deprecated. You should not
need this function, get_wsgi_headers and the to_list
method on the regular headers should serve as a replacement.
- Deprecated BaseResponse.iter_encoded‘s charset parameter.
- LimitedStream non-silent usage was deprecated.
- the __repr__ of HTTP exceptions changed. This might break
doctests.
- 0.5
- Werkzeug switched away from wsgiref as library for the builtin
webserver.
- The encoding parameter for Templates is now called
charset. The older one will work for another two versions
but warn with a DeprecationWarning.
- The Client has cookie support now which is enabled
by default.
- BaseResponse._get_file_stream() is now passed more parameters
to make the function more useful. In 0.6 the old way to invoke
the method will no longer work. To support both newer and older
Werkzeug versions you can add all arguments to the signature and
provide default values for each of them.
- url_decode() no longer supports both & and ; as
separator. This has to be specified explicitly now.
- The request object is now enforced to be read-only for all
attributes. If your code relies on modifications of some values
makes sure to create copies of them using the mutable counterparts!
- Some data structures that were only used on request objects are
now immutable as well. (Authorization / Accept
and subclasses)
- CacheControl was splitted up into RequestCacheControl
and ResponseCacheControl, the former being immutable.
The old class will go away in 0.6
- undocumented werkzeug.test.File was replaced by
FileWrapper.
- it’s not longer possible to pass dicts inside the data dict
in Client. Use tuples instead.
- It’s save to modify the return value of MultiDict.getlist()
and methods that return lists in the MultiDict now. The
class creates copies instead of revealing the internal lists.
However MultiDict.setlistdefault still (and intentionally)
returns the internal list for modifications.
- 0.3
- Werkzeug 0.3 will be the last release with Python 2.3 compatibility.
- The environ_property is now read-only by default. This decision was
made because the request in general should be considered read-only.
- 0.2
- The BaseReporterStream is now part of the contrib module, the
new module is werkzeug.contrib.reporterstream. Starting with
0.3, the old import will not work any longer.
- RequestRedirect now uses a 301 status code. Previously a 302
status code was used incorrectly. If you want to continue using
this 302 code, use response = redirect(e.new_url, 302).
- lazy_property is now called cached_property. The alias for
the old name will disappear in Werkzeug 0.3.
- match can now raise MethodNotAllowed if configured for
methods and there was no method for that request.
- The response_body attribute on the response object is now called
data. With Werkzeug 0.3 the old name will not work any longer.
- The file-like methods on the response object are deprecated. If
you want to use the response object as file like object use the
Response class or a subclass of BaseResponse and mix the new
ResponseStreamMixin class and use response.stream.


Gauge Chart in R
10 Jan 2013How to replicate a google gauge chart in R?
Google charts has several options to produce nice graphics. Most of them have their equivalent function in R and can be quickly replicated, but some of them require a bit of programming.
For instance, take the google gauge charts which I really like:
A gauge is a very common chart used in information dashboards; you can use a gauge when you want to show a single value within a given scale. These charts typically show a key indicator within a range of values, employing a semaphoric color code (eg green, yellow, red). Although some people say gauges provide very little information for the amount of space they consume, we're not going to discuss whether gauges are good or bad, or what type of colors we should use. We're just going to see how we can create gauges in R.
Preliminaries
Look at the following gauge from google charts:
We can distinguish the following elements:
- circles (black and grey circles in the circumference)
- bands (yellow and red stripes)
- major ticks
- minor ticks
- minimum and maximum values (0, 100)
- value (eg 90)
- label (Memory)
- blue point in the middle
- needle
The idea is to break down the chart into its different components so we can have a better idea of how to create a gauge chart in R.
Handy Functions
We will need three auxiliary functions to produce the circles, the stripe-bands, and the tick marks around the gauge. Keep in mind that we will be working going back and forth between radians and degrees to get the x-y coordinates of the elements we're going to plot.
# function to create a circle
circle <- function(center=c(0,0), radius=1, npoints=100)
{
r = radius
tt = seq(0, 2*pi, length=npoints)
xx = center[1] + r * cos(tt)
yy = center[1] + r * sin(tt)
return(data.frame(x = xx, y = yy))
}
# function to get slices
slice2xy <- function(t, rad)
{
t2p = -1 * t * pi + 10*pi/8
list(x = rad * cos(t2p), y = rad * sin(t2p))
}
# function to get major and minor tick marks
ticks <- function(center = c(0, 0), from = 0, to = 2*pi,
radius = 0.9, npoints = 5)
{
r = radius
tt = seq(from, to, length = npoints)
xx = center[1] + r * cos(tt)
yy = center[1] + r * sin(tt)
return(data.frame(x = xx, y = yy))
}
Preparing elements
After defining the handy functions, we need to create the components that will be plotted: the black border, the gray circles, the yellow stripe, the red stripe, the major tick marks, the minor tick marks, the coordinates of the minimum and maximum values, the value indicator, the needle, and the label. Here's how we can define all these elements:
# external circle (this will be used for the black border)
border_cir = circle(c(0, 0), radius = 1, npoints = 100)
# gray border circle
external_cir = circle(c(0,0), radius = 0.97, npoints = 100)
# yellow slice (this will be used for the yellow band)
yellowFrom = 75
yellowTo = 90
yel_ini = (yellowFrom / 100) * (12/8)
yel_fin = (yellowTo / 100) * (12/8)
Syel = slice2xy(seq.int(yel_ini, yel_fin, length.out = 30), rad = 0.9)
# red slice (this will be used for the red band)
redFrom = 90
redTo = 100
red_ini = (redFrom / 100) * (12/8)
red_fin = (redTo / 100) * (12/8)
Sred = slice2xy(seq.int(red_ini, red_fin, length.out = 30), rad = 0.9)
# white slice (this will be used to get the yellow and red bands)
whiteFrom = 74
whiteTo = 101
white_ini = (whiteFrom/100) * (12/8)
white_fin = (whiteTo/100) * (12/8)
Swhi = slice2xy(seq.int(white_ini, white_fin, length.out = 30), rad = 0.8)
# coordinates of major ticks (will be plotted as arrows)
major_ticks_out = ticks(c(0,0), from = 5*pi/4, to = -pi/4, radius = 0.9, 5)
major_ticks_in = ticks(c(0,0), from = 5*pi/4, to = -pi/4, radius = 0.75, 5)
# coordinates of minor ticks (will be plotted as arrows)
tix1_out = ticks(c(0, 0), from = 5*pi/4, to = 5*pi/4-3*pi/8, radius = 0.9, 6)
tix2_out = ticks(c(0, 0), from = 7*pi/8, to = 7*pi/8-3*pi/8, radius = 0.9, 6)
tix3_out = ticks(c(0, 0), from = 4*pi/8, to = 4*pi/8-3*pi/8, radius = 0.9, 6)
tix4_out = ticks(c(0, 0), from = pi/8, to = pi/8-3*pi/8, radius = 0.9, 6)
tix1_in = ticks(c(0, 0), from = 5*pi/4, to = 5*pi/4-3*pi/8, radius = 0.85, 6)
tix2_in = ticks(c(0, 0), from = 7*pi/8, to = 7*pi/8-3*pi/8, radius = 0.85, 6)
tix3_in = ticks(c(0, 0), from = 4*pi/8, to = 4*pi/8-3*pi/8, radius = 0.85, 6)
tix4_in = ticks(c(0, 0), from = pi/8, to = pi/8-3*pi/8, radius = 0.85, 6)
# coordinates of min and max values (0, 100)
v0 = -1 * 0 * pi + 10*pi/8
z0x = 0.65 * cos(v0)
z0y = 0.65 * sin(v0)
v100 = -1 * 12/8 * pi + 10*pi/8
z100x = 0.65 * cos(v100)
z100y = 0.65 * sin(v100)
# indicated value, say 80 (you can choose another number between 0-100)
value = 80
# angle of needle pointing to the specified value
val = (value/100) * (12/8)
v = -1 * val * pi + 10*pi/8
# x-y coordinates of needle
val_x = 0.7 * cos(v)
val_y = 0.7 * sin(v)
# label to be displayed
label = "UseR!"
Putting everything together
Once we have all the ingredients, the last step is to put them all together in a plot like so:
# open plot
plot(border_cir$x, border_cir$y, type="n", asp=1, axes=FALSE,
xlim=c(-1.05,1.05), ylim=c(-1.05,1.05),
xlab="", ylab="")
# yellow slice
polygon(c(Syel$x, 0), c(Syel$y, 0),
border = "#FF9900", col = "#FF9900", lty = NULL)
# red slice
polygon(c(Sred$x, 0), c(Sred$y, 0),
border = "#DC3912", col = "#DC3912", lty = NULL)
# white slice
polygon(c(Swhi$x, 0), c(Swhi$y, 0),
border = "white", col = "white", lty = NULL)
# add gray border
lines(external_cir$x, external_cir$y, col = "gray85", lwd = 20)
# add external border
lines(border_cir$x, border_cir$y, col = "gray20", lwd = 2)
# add minor ticks
arrows(x0 = tix1_out$x, y0 = tix1_out$y, x1 = tix1_in$x, y1 = tix1_in$y,
length = 0, lwd = 2.5, col = "gray55")
arrows(x0 = tix2_out$x, y0 = tix2_out$y, x1 = tix2_in$x, y1 = tix2_in$y,
length = 0, lwd = 2.5, col = "gray55")
arrows(x0 = tix3_out$x, y0 = tix3_out$y, x1 = tix3_in$x, y1 = tix3_in$y,
length = 0, lwd = 2.5, col = "gray55")
arrows(x0 = tix4_out$x, y0 = tix4_out$y, x1 = tix4_in$x, y1 = tix4_in$y,
length = 0, lwd = 2.5, col = "gray55")
# add major ticks
arrows(x0 = major_ticks_out$x, y0 = major_ticks_out$y,
x1 = major_ticks_in$x, y1 = major_ticks_in$y, length = 0, lwd = 4)
# add value
text(0, -0.65, value, cex = 4)
# add label of variable
text(0, 0.43, label, cex = 3.8)
# add needle
arrows(0, 0, val_x, val_y, col = "#f38171", lwd = 7)
# add central blue point
points(0, 0, col = "#2e9ef3", pch = 19, cex = 5)
# add values 0 and 100
text(z0x, z0y, labels = "0", col = "gray50")
text(z100x, z100y, labels = "100", col = "gray50")


WebTeK
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Telegram channel
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Broadcasting channels
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--- layout: page title: Marko Arsić subtitle: /Марко Арсић/ permalink: /about/ ---
Sometimes it’s hard and sometimes it’s not. With some technologies and languages I enjoy working and with some other not that much.


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Issues
| # | Summary | Product | Status | Kind | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2185 |
Consider adding FB like/share buttons |
wincent.com | open | feature request | |
| 2184 |
Add runtime check for duplicate installations |
Command-T | open | feature request | |
| 2183 |
Update to Rails 4.1.6 |
wincent.com | closed | feature request | Created , updated |
| 2182 |
I'm having the same issue as Bug #1999: vim exits on :CommandT |
Command-T | closed | support ticket | Created , updated |
| 2181 |
Support per-directory settings overrides |
Command-T | open | feature request | Created , updated |
| 2179 |
Tweak match scoring algorithm |
Command-T | open | feature request | |
| 2178 |
Arbitrary file extensions are "supported" (ignored) |
wincent.com | open | bug | |
| 2177 |
Update to Rails 4.1.4 |
wincent.com | closed | feature request | Created , updated |
| 2176 |
Migrate wincent.com content to Rails app |
wincent.com | open | feature request | |
| 2175 |
command-t-1.9.vba lacks of autoload/commandt.vim |
Command-T | closed | bug |


Navigate your mobile device to the following url:
{{$root.baseUrl}}/{{$root.userId}}/forms/{{$root.formId}}/enter-dataSave page to your homescreen
Download and install ODK-Collect from the Google Play store.
The url of this web application {{$root.baseUrl}}/{{$root.userId}} must be given to ODK Collect before it will get forms from and submit data to formhub. In Collect's Main Menu, press the Menu button. Select Server Preferences, then Server. Enter {{$root.baseUrl}}/{{$root.userId}} as the server.
Navigate your mobile device to the following url:
{{$root.baseUrl}}/{{$root.userId}}/forms/{{$root.formId}}/enter-dataSave page to your homescreen
Navigate your mobile device to the following url:
{{$root.baseUrl}}/{{$root.userId}}/forms/{{$root.formId}}/enter-dataSave page to your homescreen


Classes support encapsulation and information hiding by
Combining both data (member attributes) and Functions (member) methods into one object (encapsulation).
Information hiding is an object's ability to hide its
data from outside the object. C++ classes do this by
using access specifiers. The access specifier
private
prevents code outside of the object
from modifying or even reading any attributes or
functions declared private
. This prevents
corruption of the object's data and outside code knows
nothing about the inner details of the object.
Class member variables declared as static
are
accessible to all instances of that class. No matter how
many instances of a class there are, there will only be one copy
of static
member variables. You must remember to have
a declaration of the static
member variable that's
outside of the class in order for it to be created in
memory. An example of this is counting the number of instances of a
class. For example,
// MyClass.h class MyClass { private: static int numObjects; public: MyClass() { numObjects++; } int getNumObjects() const { return numObjects; } }; // Define in global scope of program int MyClass::numObjects = 0; // In main function of program MyClass myClass1; MyClass myClass2; // Both calls to getNumObjects will result in 2 cout << "Number of objects of type MyClass: " << myClass1.getNumObjects(); cout << "Number of objects of type MyClass: " << myClass2.getNumObjects();
Class member functions declared as static
can be
called before any instances of the class are instantiated.
and can only operate on static
member variables. When
using a static
member function, make sure to use the
scope resolution operator (::
) instead of the dot
operator. Also note that the class name is used instead of an
instance when calling the function as well. The above example can
be modified to use a
static
member function instead of a variable.
// MyClass.h class MyClass { private: static int numObjects; public: MyClass() { numObjects++; } static int getNumObjects() { return numObjects; } }; // Define in global scope of program int MyClass::numObjects = 0; // In main function of program cout << "Number of objects of type MyClass: " << MyClass::getNumObjects(); // The output of the cout statement above is // Number of objects of type MyClass: 0 // Instantiate two MyClass objects MyClass myClass1; MyClass myClass2; cout << "Number of objects of type MyClass: " << MyClass::getNumObjects(); // The output of the cout statement above is // Number of objects of type MyClass: 2
References
Carrano, F. (2013). Data Abstraction & Problem Solving with C++. 6th ed. Harlow: Pearson, p.3.
| Criterion: Score | Rationale |
|---|---|
| Original response: 3 / 4 | Posted an original response, but did not follow the format (bullets). |
| Specific with new vocab/key words: 3 / 4 | Responses are specific, but no too much new vocabulary/key words. |
| Valuable information provided: 3 / 4 | Good information. |
| Total: 10 / 12 |
| Criterion: Score | Rationale |
| Original Response: 3 / 4 | Posted an original response, but did not follow the format (bullets). |
| Specific with new vocab/key words: 4 / 4 | Good information about bounds checking and use of key words/vocabulary. |
| Valuable information provided: 4 / 4 | Great information. |
| Total: 11 / 12 |


{{#txs}}
Attempting to push tx: {{tx_hash}}
{{/txs}}
{{#has_error}}
Attempt failed
{{error_msg}}
{{/has_error}}
{{^has_error}}
Success
Your tx should be already in the txpool waiting to be included
in an upcoming block.
{{#txs}}
{{/txs}}
{{/has_error}}


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block main_content %}
Please enter your old password, for security’s sake, and then enter your new password twice so we can verify you typed it in correctly.


RUNNING WOMAN (director/writer: Rachel Samuels; cinematographer: Chris Manley; editor: Sonya Polonsky; cast: Theresa Russell (Emily), Andrew Robinson (Captain Gibbs), Anthony Crivello (Detective Harris), Christopher Pennock (Willaim Dayton), Eddie Velez (Reuben Alvarez), Gary Graham (John Delaney), Seidy Lopez (Carmela), David McCurley (Sam), Castulo Guerra (Father Talou), Gregory Norman Cruz (Enrico); Runtime: 90; New Horizons release; 1998)
Reviewed by Dennis Schwartz
In this less than routine thriller, the cops and a philanthropist are the bad guys. Emily (Russell) is an art restorer, currently working in the Mexican section of L.A. at a church. The divorced mom gets carjacked with her seven year old son Sam in the car as she stops for the carjacker who poses as a cop, and when she exits the car she is wounded, while the thief steals her car with Sam in it. When the police find the car, Sam is dead and the car incinerated. The police at first blame it on a Mexican gangbanger, but then find chemicals she uses in her art restoration as the material used to destroy the car and go to arrest her for the crime.
The incredulous story gets worst, because when the cops go to her apartment to arrest her, a Mexican she saw at the church, a former gangbanger, Reuben Alvarez (Eddie Velez), kidnaps her, as the cops try to kill both of them but instead one of the cops gets killed by Reuben in self-defense. Emily now becomes a woman on the run, wanted as a cop killer. Her aim becomes to find out who killed her son and why, and who framed her. Reuben turns out to be a good guy, angry that the cops are blaming Mexican gangs for killing three Mexican kids in the church, when he knows this wasn't a gang killing.

Warning: spoiler to follow in next paragraph.
The cops in charge of the investigation, Captain Gibbs (Robinson) and detective Harris (Crivello), are so obviously corrupt and slimy, and are now hell-bent on shooting her, that there's no doubt they are into some scheme. What that scheme is, is uncovered by Emily as she notices a toxic chemical used only by the army, but is strangely found in the art she is restoring. She traces the chemical to a company called URI, which is a philanthropic organization run by the wealthy William Drayton (Pennock). She finds out about his illegal dumping of the chemical and that his company was awarded the lucrative army contract to bury it safely, but he instead is using it to destroy buildings he will then refurbish for his urban development projects. He uses the police' hatred of Mexicans to help him coverup his phony philanthropic aims. Poor Emily was a witness to what they were doing and could eventually point the finger at them, so this elaborate scheme was cooked up by Drayton and the police to get rid of her. When confronting them with this info about killing innocent Mexicans and blaming it on gangs as being insane, Captain Gibbs replies, "The fewer Mexicans there are, the safer the city is."
This is a bad film that exploits real issues that are plaguing a troubled city that has serious problems of racism, crime, and police corruption. It adds nothing to the situation. Every character was one-dimensional, the story line was crass, the directing was more suited for a TV show than a feature film, the acting was stiff, and the cinematography was unimaginative. I can't think of one thing I liked about the film.
REVIEWED ON 3/14/2001 GRADE: D
Dennis Schwartz: "Ozus' World Movie Reviews"
http://www.sover.net/~ozus
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Universe Selection models should extend the UniverseSelectionModel
class. Extensions of the UniverseSelectionModel
class must implement the CreateUniverses
method, which receives an algorithm
object and returns an array of Universe
objects.
public class MyUniverseSelectionModel : UniverseSelectionModel { // Creates the universes for this algorithm public override IEnumerable<Universe> CreateUniverses(QCAlgorithm algorithm) { return new List<Universe>(); } // Gets the next time the framework should invoke the `CreateUniverses` method to refresh the set of universes. public override DateTime GetNextRefreshTimeUtc() { return DateTime.MaxValue; } }
class MyUniverseSelectionModel(UniverseSelectionModel): # Creates the universes for this algorithm def CreateUniverses(self, algorithm: QCAlgorithm) -> List[Universe]: universes = [] return universes # Gets the next time the framework should invoke the `CreateUniverses` method to refresh the set of universes. def GetNextRefreshTimeUtc(self): return datetime.max
The algorithm
argument that the methods receive is an instance of the base QCAlgorithm
class, not your subclass of it.
Generally, you should be able to extend one of the pre-built Universe Selection types. If you need to do something that doesn't fit into the pre-built types, let us know and we'll create a new foundational type of Universe Selection model.


Functional Programming for Mathematicians#
Author: Minh Van Nguyen<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This tutorial discusses some techniques of functional programming that might be of interest to mathematicians or people who use Python for scientific computation. We start off with a brief overview of procedural and object-oriented programming, and then discuss functional programming techniques. Along the way, we briefly review Python’s built-in support for functional programming, including filter, lambda, map and reduce. The tutorial concludes with some resources on detailed information on functional programming using Python.
Styles of programming#
Python supports several styles of programming. You could program in the procedural style by writing a program as a list of instructions. Say you want to implement addition and multiplication over the integers. A procedural program to do so would be as follows:
sage: def add_ZZ(a, b):
....: return a + b
...
sage: def mult_ZZ(a, b):
....: return a * b
...
sage: add_ZZ(2, 3)
5
sage: mult_ZZ(2, 3)
6
The Python module
operator
defines several common arithmetic and comparison operators as named
functions. Addition is defined in the built-in function
operator.add
and multiplication is defined in
operator.mul
. The above example can be worked through as
follows:
sage: from operator import add
sage: from operator import mul
sage: add(2, 3)
5
sage: mul(2, 3)
6
Another common style of programming is called object-oriented programming. Think of an object as code that encapsulates both data and functionalities. You could encapsulate integer addition and multiplication as in the following object-oriented implementation:
sage: class MyInteger:
....: def __init__(self):
....: self.cardinality = "infinite"
....: def add(self, a, b):
....: return a + b
....: def mult(self, a, b):
....: return a * b
...
sage: myZZ = MyInteger()
sage: myZZ.cardinality
'infinite'
sage: myZZ.add(2, 3)
5
sage: myZZ.mult(2, 3)
6
Functional programming using map#
Functional programming is yet another style of programming in which a
program is decomposed into various functions. The Python built-in
functions map
, reduce
and filter
allow you to program in
the functional style. Note that in Python 3 (as compared to Python 2),
these functions have different behaviors, and reduce
has been
removed: if you want to use reduce
in Python 3, you must import it
from functools
.
The function
map(func, seq1, seq2, ...)
takes a function func
and one or more sequences, and apply
func
to elements of those sequences. In particular, you end up
with a list like so:
[func(seq1[0], seq2[0], ...), func(seq1[1], seq2[1], ...), ...]
In many cases, using map
allows you to express the logic of your
program in a concise manner without using list comprehension. For
example, say you have two lists of integers and you want to add them
element-wise. A list comprehension to accomplish this would be as
follows:
sage: A = [1, 2, 3, 4]
sage: B = [2, 3, 5, 7]
sage: [A[i] + B[i] for i in range(len(A))]
[3, 5, 8, 11]
Alternatively, you could use the Python built-in addition function
operator.add
together with map
to achieve the same result:
sage: from operator import add
sage: A = [1, 2, 3, 4]
sage: B = [2, 3, 5, 7]
sage: list(map(add, A, B))
[3, 5, 8, 11]
An advantage of map
is that you do not need to explicitly define
a for loop as was done in the above list comprehension.
Define small functions using lambda#
There are times when you want to write a short, one-liner function. You could re-write the above addition function as follows:
sage: def add_ZZ(a, b): return a + b
...
Or you could use a lambda
statement to do the same thing in a much
clearer style. The above addition and multiplication functions could
be written using lambda
as follows:
sage: add_ZZ = lambda a, b: a + b
sage: mult_ZZ = lambda a, b: a * b
sage: add_ZZ(2, 3)
5
sage: mult_ZZ(2, 3)
6
Things get more interesting once you combine map
with the
lambda
statement. As an exercise, you might try to write a simple
function that implements a constructive algorithm for the
Chinese Remainder Theorem.
You could use list comprehension together with map
and
lambda
as shown below. Here, the parameter A
is a list of
integers and M
is a list of moduli.
sage: def crt(A, M):
....: Mprod = prod(M)
....: Mdiv = list(map(lambda x: Integer(Mprod / x), M))
....: X = list(map(inverse_mod, Mdiv, M))
....: x = sum([A[i]*X[i]*Mdiv[i] for i in range(len(A))])
....: return mod(x, Mprod).lift()
...
sage: A = [2, 3, 1]
sage: M = [3, 4, 5]
sage: x = crt(A, M); x
11
sage: mod(x, 3)
2
sage: mod(x, 4)
3
sage: mod(x, 5)
1
To produce a random matrix over a ring, say \(\ZZ\), you could start by defining a matrix space and then obtain a random element of that matrix space:
sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ, nrows=5, ncols=3)
sage: MS.random_element() # random
[ 6 1 0]
[-1 5 0]
[-1 0 0]
[-5 0 1]
[ 1 -1 -3]
Or you could use the function random_matrix
:
sage: random_matrix(ZZ, nrows=5, ncols=3) # random
[ 2 -50 0]
[ -1 0 -6]
[ -4 -1 -1]
[ 1 1 3]
[ 2 -1 -1]
The next example uses map
to construct a list of random integer
matrices:
sage: rows = [randint(1, 10) for i in range(10)]
sage: cols = [randint(1, 10) for i in range(10)]
sage: rings = [ZZ]*10
sage: M = list(map(random_matrix, rings, rows, cols))
sage: M[0] # random
[ -1 -3 -1 -37 1 -1 -4 5]
[ 2 1 1 5 2 1 -2 1]
[ -1 0 -4 0 -2 1 -2 1]
If you want more control over the entries of your matrices than the
random_matrix
function permits, you could use lambda
together with map
as follows:
sage: rand_row = lambda n: [randint(1, 10) for i in range(n)]
sage: rand_mat = lambda nrows, ncols: [rand_row(ncols) for i in range(nrows)]
sage: matrix(rand_mat(5, 3)) # random
[ 2 9 10]
[ 8 8 9]
[ 6 7 6]
[ 9 2 10]
[ 2 6 2]
sage: rows = [randint(1, 10) for i in range(10)]
sage: cols = [randint(1, 10) for i in range(10)]
sage: M = list(map(rand_mat, rows, cols))
sage: M = list(map(matrix, M))
sage: M[0] # random
[ 9 1 5 2 10 10 1]
[ 3 4 3 7 4 3 7]
[ 4 8 7 6 4 2 10]
[ 1 6 3 3 6 2 1]
[ 5 5 2 6 4 3 4]
[ 6 6 2 9 4 5 1]
[10 2 5 5 7 10 4]
[ 2 7 3 5 10 8 1]
[ 1 5 1 7 8 8 6]
Reducing a sequence to a value#
The function reduce
takes a function of two arguments and apply
it to a given sequence to reduce that sequence to a single value. The
function
sum
is an example of a reduce
function. The following sample code
uses reduce
and the built-in function operator.add
to add
together all integers in a given list. This is followed by using
sum
to accomplish the same task:
sage: from functools import reduce
sage: from operator import add
sage: L = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
sage: reduce(add, L)
55
sage: sum(L)
55
In the following sample code, we consider a vector as a list of real
numbers. The
dot product
is then implemented using the functions operator.add
and
operator.mul
, in conjunction with the built-in Python functions
reduce
and map
. We then show how sum
and map
could be
combined to produce the same result.
sage: from functools import reduce
sage: from operator import add
sage: from operator import mul
sage: U = [1, 2, 3]
sage: V = [2, 3, 5]
sage: reduce(add, map(mul, U, V))
23
sage: sum(map(mul, U, V))
23
Or you could use Sage’s built-in support for the dot product:
sage: u = vector([1, 2, 3])
sage: v = vector([2, 3, 5])
sage: u.dot_product(v)
23
Here is an implementation of the Chinese Remainder Theorem without
using sum
as was done previously. The version below uses
operator.add
and defines mul3
to multiply three numbers
instead of two.
sage: from functools import reduce
sage: def crt(A, M):
....: from operator import add
....: Mprod = prod(M)
....: Mdiv = list(map(lambda x: Integer(Mprod / x), M))
....: X = map(inverse_mod, Mdiv, M)
....: mul3 = lambda a, b, c: a * b * c
....: x = reduce(add, map(mul3, A, X, Mdiv))
....: return mod(x, Mprod).lift()
...
sage: A = [2, 3, 1]
sage: M = [3, 4, 5]
sage: x = crt(A, M); x
11
Filtering with filter#
The Python built-in function filter
takes a function of one
argument and a sequence. It then returns a list of all those items
from the given sequence such that any item in the new list results in
the given function returning True
. In a sense, you are filtering
out all items that satisfy some condition(s) defined in the given
function. For example, you could use filter
to filter out all
primes between 1 and 50, inclusive.
sage: list(filter(is_prime, [1..50]))
[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47]
For a given positive integer \(n\), the Euler phi function counts the number of integers \(a\), with \(1 \leq a \leq n\), such that \(\gcd(a, n) = 1\). You could use list comprehension to obtain all such \(a\)’s when \(n = 20\):
sage: [k for k in range(1, 21) if gcd(k, 20) == 1]
[1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 19]
A functional approach is to use lambda
to define a function that
determines whether or not a given integer is relatively prime
to 20. Then you could use filter
instead of list comprehension
to obtain all the required \(a\)’s.
sage: is_coprime = lambda k: gcd(k, 20) == 1
sage: list(filter(is_coprime, range(1, 21)))
[1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 19]
The function primroots
defined below returns all primitive roots
modulo a given positive prime integer \(p\). It uses filter
to
obtain a list of integers between \(1\) and \(p - 1\), inclusive, each
integer in the list being relatively prime to the order of the
multiplicative group \((\ZZ/p\ZZ)^{\ast}\).
sage: def primroots(p):
....: g = primitive_root(p)
....: znorder = p - 1
....: is_coprime = lambda x: gcd(x, znorder) == 1
....: good_odd_integers = filter(is_coprime, [1..p-1, step=2])
....: all_primroots = [power_mod(g, k, p) for k in good_odd_integers]
....: all_primroots.sort()
....: return all_primroots
...
sage: primroots(3)
[2]
sage: primroots(5)
[2, 3]
sage: primroots(7)
[3, 5]
sage: primroots(11)
[2, 6, 7, 8]
sage: primroots(13)
[2, 6, 7, 11]
sage: primroots(17)
[3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14]
sage: primroots(23)
[5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21]
sage: primroots(29)
[2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 26, 27]
sage: primroots(31)
[3, 11, 12, 13, 17, 21, 22, 24]
Further resources#
This has been a rather short tutorial to functional programming
with Python. The Python standard documentation has a list of built-in
functions, many of which are useful in functional programming. For
example, you might want to read up on
all,
any,
max,
min, and
zip. The
Python module
operator
has numerous built-in arithmetic and comparison operators, each
operator being implemented as a function whose name reflects its
intended purpose. For arithmetic and comparison operations, it is
recommended that you consult the operator
module to determine if
there is a built-in function that satisfies your requirement. The
module
itertools
has numerous built-in functions to efficiently process sequences of
items.
Another useful resource for functional programming in Python is the Functional Programming HOWTO by A. M. Kuchling. Steven F. Lott’s book Building Skills in Python has a chapter on Functional Programming using Collections. See also the chapter Functional Programming from Mark Pilgrim’s book Dive Into Python.
You might also want to consider experimenting with Haskell for expressing mathematical concepts. For an example of Haskell in expressing mathematical algorithms, see J. Gibbons’ article Unbounded Spigot Algorithms for the Digits of Pi in the American Mathematical Monthly.


public interface ThreeDS2Service
Use INSTANCE
to get the ThreeDS2Service instance.
Created by Ran Haveshush on 24/08/2018.
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static ThreeDS2Service |
INSTANCE
The
ThreeDS2Service instance. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
cleanup(android.content.Context applicationContext)
Frees up resources that are used by the 3DS SDK.
|
Transaction |
createTransaction(java.lang.String directoryServerID,
java.lang.String messageVersion)
Creates an instance of
Transaction through which the App gets the data required to perform the transaction.The App shall call this method for each transaction that is to be processed. |
java.lang.String |
getSDKVersion()
Returns the version of the 3DS SDK that is integrated with the App.
|
java.util.List<Warning> |
getWarnings()
Returns the security checks warnings produced by the 3DS SDK during initialization.
|
void |
initialize(android.content.Context applicationContext,
ConfigParameters configParameters,
java.lang.String locale,
UiCustomization uiCustomization)
Initializes the 3DS SDK service instance.
|
static final ThreeDS2Service INSTANCE
ThreeDS2Service
instance.void initialize(android.content.Context applicationContext, ConfigParameters configParameters, java.lang.String locale, UiCustomization uiCustomization) throws InvalidInputException, SDKAlreadyInitializedException, SDKRuntimeException
Note: Until the ThreeDS2Service
instance is initialized, it will be unusable.
During initialization the following tasks are performed:
getWarnings()
.
ThreeDS2Service
shall be initialized
as a background task either during the App startup or when a transaction is initiated.
The state of the instance is maintained until the cleanup(android.content.Context)
method is called.applicationContext
- An instance of Android Application
context.configParameters
- The ConfigParameters
, configuration information that shall be used during initialization.locale
- (optional) A String
that represents the app’s user interface locale (e.g. "en_US").
If set to null
, then the default device locale will be used.uiCustomization
- (optional) The UiCustomization
, UI configuration information that is used to specify the UI layout and theme.
If set to null
, then the default app's theme will be used.InvalidInputException
- This exception will be thrown in any of the following scenarios:
SDKAlreadyInitializedException
- This exception will be thrown if the 3DS SDK instance has already been initialized.SDKRuntimeException
- This exception will be thrown if an internal error is encountered by the 3DS SDK.Transaction createTransaction(java.lang.String directoryServerID, @NonNull java.lang.String messageVersion) throws InvalidInputException, SDKNotInitializedException, SDKRuntimeException
Transaction
through which the App gets the data required to perform the transaction.directoryServerID
- The Registered Application Provider Identifier (RID) that is unique to the Payment System.messageVersion
- The Protocol version according to which the transaction shall be created.Transaction
interface.InvalidInputException
- This exception will be thrown if an input parameter is invalid. This also includes an invalid Directory
Server ID
or a protocol version that the 3DS SDK does not support.SDKNotInitializedException
- This exception will be thrown if the 3DS SDK instance has not been initialized.SDKRuntimeException
- This exception will be thrown if an internal error is encountered by the 3DS SDK.void cleanup(android.content.Context applicationContext) throws SDKNotInitializedException
applicationContext
- An instance of Android Application
context.SDKNotInitializedException
- This exception will be thrown if the 3DS SDK instance has not been initialized.java.lang.String getSDKVersion()


Thank you to Allen Mann for discovering the following significant security vulnerability in RNCryptor.
The Vulnerability
RNCryptor computes the HMAC over the ciphertext only. It does not compute an HMAC over the header, particularly the IV. This allows an attacker to modify the IV and thus manipulate the first block (16-bytes) of decrypted plaintext. This is a major issue, and is exactly the kind of problem that RNCryptor is designed to avoid.
I will be modifying RNCryptor shortly to fix this. This will rev the file version to 2. I will provide a backward-compatibly option to read v1 files (default off). I strongly recommend that developers move to the v2 format.
I will try to get this out as quickly as I can, hopefully this week.
The Lesson
There is a valuable lesson here. I know this vulnerability in AES. I have given talks about it. I’ve demonstrated it with exploit code. I wrote RNCryptor explicitly to avoid this vulnerability. Yet I screwed up the implementation and so RNCryptor is currently vulnerable to it.
I didn’t find this problem myself. I’m in the process of designing a different encrypted data format for a client, and I correctly compute the HMAC in that format, and I still didn’t clue-in that I’d done it wrong in RNCryptor.
How was it found? By someone who didn’t just take my word for it. He looked at the implementation, saw the error, wrote his own exploit to prove it to himself, and informed me.
OpenSSL has been written by people very concerned with security. It’s been riddled with security bugs over the years. (I wrote RNCryptor directly in response to the serious problems in its AES format.) PGP, SSH, Kerberos, security protocols, formats, and implementations, even if built by smart people who are aware of the issues, they often have vulnerabilities. Some subtle, some bone-headed (like this one).
So what should you take away from this?
-
Trust security systems in proportion to how much public scrutiny they receive. The more closed a system, the more it relies on proprietary and secret techniques, the less you should trust it. Open source systems have many errors. Don’t imagine that proprietary systems have fewer; they just aren’t found and fixed.
-
A security system is only as good as its implementation. The RNCryptor v1 format uses HMAC, which is good, but the implementation is slightly wrong and that creates a vulnerability. Just because your system uses AES and AES is strong doesn’t mean that your system is secure.
-
You need to educate yourself on the basics of how cryptographic systems work. As a developer you need to be able to evaluate whether the cryptography framework you’re using is secure, and even more critically you need to be able to evaluate whether you’re using it securely. Common Cryptor’s HMAC functions are fine, but if I pass the wrong data, the system is still insecure.
-
Assume that any security framework you have will need to be upgraded in the future, possibly in incompatible ways, to address vulnerabilities. Design your project to make upgrading as simple as possible.


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Here's how we're planning ahead for the future:
Have a look at our trello board to see what we're working on.


I'm A Celeb winner Harry Redknapp convinced Ian Wright will ‘blow soon’ as tensions rise in camp
He thinks the former footballer will get "hangry"
by Rebecca CarterHarry Redknapp has said he thinks I'm A Celebrity's Ian Wright will "blow soon" in camp.
Tensions are rising in the jungle and earlier this week Ian clashed with campmate Andrew Maxwell over their crocodile dinner.
Harry, who won last year's series, has said former footballer Ian has a "short fuse" and reckons he'll get "hangry".
Read more: I’m A Celebrity fans reckon Ian Wright will quit after last night’s foul-mouthed rant
Speaking to Piers Morgan at MailOnline and SportsMail's A Pint With Piers event at the Hollywood Arms this week, Harry spoke about the campmates.
He said: "I like Kate [Garraway]! But I’d like Wrighty [Ian Wright] to win it - I think he’s gonna blow though.
"I know him better than anyone and he’s got a short fuse. He’ll get hangry!"
During Wednesday night's episode, Ian snapped at comedian Andrew, who was trying to encourage the star to eat more food.
Ian insisted: "No I don't want none," to which Andrew replied: "Come on seriously Ian."
Ian replied: "I really honestly don't want no more. [James Haskell] needs it more than I would."
Andrew pointed out: "There's two Ian," to which Ian said: "He can have another one if he wants. I don't want no more."
Andrew said: "Jesus, the drama. Just eat some!" to which Ian snapped: "I said I don't want no more [expletive] crocodile bruv. I don't want no more!"
In the Bush Telegraph, Ian said: "There's nothing more frustrating then when you're saying no to something and someone continues to ask you. It's annoying.
"It's only four days in and it's already like that so we're going to have to see how it goes because tensions and frustrations will creep in.
"That is where the test is going to come as well for me if people start to get on my nerves. Up to this point no-one has done that but it's early doors."
Andrew said in the Bush Telegraph: "I felt bad that I was pressurising [him] too much into eating it. He came back at me but I get it."
Read more: I'm A Celebrity fans stunned as Ian Wright snaps at Andrew Maxwell over dinner
Following the clash, viewers shared their thoughts on Twitter with many convinced Ian will end up quitting the show.
One person said: "I think Ian will quit by [the] end of [the] week #imaceleb," while another wrote: "Idk why but I can see Ian quitting."
I'm A Celebrity continues tonight at 9pm on ITV.
Do you think Ian will quit? Leave us a comment on our Facebook page @EntertainmentDailyFix and let us know.


This project uses data from the NYPD Complaint Data Historic data set. The original dataset consists of 6 million rows so this site uses a uniform random sample of 100,000 rows to minimize loading time.
The graphs in this project are all interactive and can be used to filter other graphs on the page. For example, if you click on a borough in the map, the bar charts on this page will transform to display only crimes which occurred in that borough.  You can click multiple boroughs at the same time to display crimes which occurred in those boroughs.
The Sankey diagram can be used to display the flows between up to four dimensions. Try pressing Filter Unknowns in the top right. You can see the Sankey diagram update and remove unknowns. Try dragging the grey labels to the yellow labels, or dragging the yellow labels around. Also try clicking on the nodes in the Sankey diagram.
The technologies used for creating the charts are a mix of dc.js, crossfilter, and d3.


bringing traditional fermented and living foods to you with all the convenience and flavour you expect from our modern world
Let's Rot
We intended to have fun with traditional sauerkraut which we kept in the traditional German spelling. cassekraut is a blend of English, Ukranian, Québécois, and German; which we think speaks volumes of what it means to be Canadian.
cassekraut places the utmost importance on sourcing the highest quality, seasonal, local and organic produce. We use fairtrade and wild-trade seeds and herbs as well.
We hope that you will taste the difference that the extra love we add gives to each and every product we offer.
The ultimate favourite - we use the freshest ingredients and ferment in small-bacthes to ensure top quality and control
Flavour Variations
Caraway, Black Seed, Jalapeno
A specialty fermented bean, using traditional cultures imported from Indonesia - never frozen or preserved, tempeh provides a delicious and versatile vegan protein source
Varieties
Soy, Black Bean, Adzuki & More
With emphasis always made on living foods, we also make live vegan sauces, dips and dressings - perfect to add life to veggies, salads and sandwiches


 %} {% trans "Thanks for using our site!" %} {% blocktrans %}The Bullet Train team{% endblocktrans %} {% endblock text_body %} {% block html_body %}
{% trans "Your account has been created and is ready to use!" %}
{% trans "Thanks for using our site!" %}
{% blocktrans %}The Bullet Train team{% endblocktrans %}
{% endblock html_body %}


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sparknlp_jsl.annotator.DocumentLogRegClassifierApproach¶
- class sparknlp_jsl.annotator.DocumentLogRegClassifierApproach[source]¶
Bases:
sparknlp.common.AnnotatorApproach
Trains a model to classify documents with a Logarithmic Regression algorithm. Training data requires columns for text and their label. The result is a trained GenericClassifierModel.
Input Annotation types
Output Annotation type
TOKEN
`CATEGORY
- Parameters
- labelCol
Column with the value result we are trying to predict.
- maxIter
maximum number of iterations.
- tol
convergence tolerance after each iteration.
- fitIntercept
whether to fit an intercept term, default is true.
- labels
array to output the label in the original form.
- vectorizationModelPath
specify the vectorization model if it has been already trained.
- classificationModelPath
specify the classification model if it has been already trained.
Examples
>>> import sparknlp >>> from sparknlp.base import * >>> from sparknlp.common import * >>> from sparknlp.annotator import * >>> from sparknlp.training import * >>> import sparknlp_jsl >>> from sparknlp_jsl.base import * >>> from sparknlp_jsl.annotator import * >>> from pyspark.ml import Pipeline
An example pipeline could then be defined like this
>>> tokenizer = Tokenizer() \ ... .setInputCols("document") \ ... .setOutputCol("token") ... >>> normalizer = Normalizer() \ ... .setInputCols("token") \ ... .setOutputCol("normalized") ... >>> stopwords_cleaner = StopWordsCleaner()\ ... .setInputCols("normalized")\ ... .setOutputCol("cleanTokens")\ ... .setCaseSensitive(False) ... ...stemmer = Stemmer() ... .setInputCols("cleanTokens") ... .setOutputCol("stem") ... >>> gen_clf = DocumentLogRegClassifierApproach() \ ... .setLabelColumn("category") \ ... .setInputCols("stem") \ ... .setOutputCol("prediction") ... >>> pipeline = Pipeline().setStages([ ... document_assembler, ... tokenizer, ... normalizer, ... stopwords_cleaner, ... stemmer, ... logreg ...]) ... >>> clf_model = pipeline.fit(data)
Methods
__init__
()clear
(param)Clears a param from the param map if it has been explicitly set.
copy
([extra])Creates a copy of this instance with the same uid and some extra params.
explainParam
(param)Explains a single param and returns its name, doc, and optional default value and user-supplied value in a string.
Returns the documentation of all params with their optionally default values and user-supplied values.
extractParamMap
([extra])Extracts the embedded default param values and user-supplied values, and then merges them with extra values from input into a flat param map, where the latter value is used if there exist conflicts, i.e., with ordering: default param values < user-supplied values < extra.
fit
(dataset[, params])Fits a model to the input dataset with optional parameters.
fitMultiple
(dataset, paramMaps)Fits a model to the input dataset for each param map in paramMaps.
Gets current column names of input annotations.
Gets whether Annotator should be evaluated lazily in a RecursivePipeline.
getOrDefault
(param)Gets the value of a param in the user-supplied param map or its default value.
Gets output column name of annotations.
getParam
(paramName)Gets a param by its name.
getParamValue
(paramName)Gets the value of a parameter.
hasDefault
(param)Checks whether a param has a default value.
hasParam
(paramName)Tests whether this instance contains a param with a given (string) name.
isDefined
(param)Checks whether a param is explicitly set by user or has a default value.
isSet
(param)Checks whether a param is explicitly set by user.
load
(path)Reads an ML instance from the input path, a shortcut of read().load(path).
read
()Returns an MLReader instance for this class.
save
(path)Save this ML instance to the given path, a shortcut of 'write().save(path)'.
set
(param, value)Sets a parameter in the embedded param map.
setClassificationModelPath
(value)Sets a path to the the classification model if it has been already trained.
setFitIntercept
(merge)Sets whether to fit an intercept term, default is true.
setInputCols
(*value)Sets column names of input annotations.
setLabelColumn
(label)Sets column with the value result we are trying to predict.
setLabels
(value)Sets array to output the label in the original form.
setLazyAnnotator
(value)Sets whether Annotator should be evaluated lazily in a RecursivePipeline.
setMaxIter
(k)Sets maximum number of iterations.
setOutputCol
(value)Sets output column name of annotations.
setParamValue
(paramName)Sets the value of a parameter.
setTol
(dist)Sets convergence tolerance after each iteration.
setVectorizationModelPath
(value)Sets a path to the the classification model if it has been already trained.
write
()Returns an MLWriter instance for this ML instance.
Attributes
classificationModelPath
fitIntercept
getter_attrs
inputCols
labelCol
labels
lazyAnnotator
maxIter
outputCol
Returns all params ordered by name.
tol
vectorizationModelPath
- clear(param)¶
Clears a param from the param map if it has been explicitly set.
- copy(extra=None)¶
Creates a copy of this instance with the same uid and some extra params. This implementation first calls Params.copy and then make a copy of the companion Java pipeline component with extra params. So both the Python wrapper and the Java pipeline component get copied.
- Parameters
extra – Extra parameters to copy to the new instance
- Returns
Copy of this instance
- explainParam(param)¶
Explains a single param and returns its name, doc, and optional default value and user-supplied value in a string.
- explainParams()¶
Returns the documentation of all params with their optionally default values and user-supplied values.
- extractParamMap(extra=None)¶
Extracts the embedded default param values and user-supplied values, and then merges them with extra values from input into a flat param map, where the latter value is used if there exist conflicts, i.e., with ordering: default param values < user-supplied values < extra.
- Parameters
extra – extra param values
- Returns
merged param map
- fit(dataset, params=None)¶
Fits a model to the input dataset with optional parameters.
- Parameters
dataset – input dataset, which is an instance of
pyspark.sql.DataFrame
params – an optional param map that overrides embedded params. If a list/tuple of param maps is given, this calls fit on each param map and returns a list of models.
- Returns
fitted model(s)
New in version 1.3.0.
- fitMultiple(dataset, paramMaps)¶
Fits a model to the input dataset for each param map in paramMaps.
- Parameters
dataset – input dataset, which is an instance of
pyspark.sql.DataFrame
.paramMaps – A Sequence of param maps.
- Returns
A thread safe iterable which contains one model for each param map. Each call to next(modelIterator) will return (index, model) where model was fit using paramMaps[index]. index values may not be sequential.
New in version 2.3.0.
- getInputCols()¶
Gets current column names of input annotations.
- getLazyAnnotator()¶
Gets whether Annotator should be evaluated lazily in a RecursivePipeline.
- getOrDefault(param)¶
Gets the value of a param in the user-supplied param map or its default value. Raises an error if neither is set.
- getOutputCol()¶
Gets output column name of annotations.
- getParam(paramName)¶
Gets a param by its name.
- getParamValue(paramName)¶
Gets the value of a parameter.
- Parameters
- paramNamestr
Name of the parameter
- hasDefault(param)¶
Checks whether a param has a default value.
- hasParam(paramName)¶
Tests whether this instance contains a param with a given (string) name.
- isDefined(param)¶
Checks whether a param is explicitly set by user or has a default value.
- isSet(param)¶
Checks whether a param is explicitly set by user.
- classmethod load(path)¶
Reads an ML instance from the input path, a shortcut of read().load(path).
- property params¶
Returns all params ordered by name. The default implementation uses
dir()
to get all attributes of typeParam
.
- classmethod read()¶
Returns an MLReader instance for this class.
- save(path)¶
Save this ML instance to the given path, a shortcut of ‘write().save(path)’.
- set(param, value)¶
Sets a parameter in the embedded param map.
- setClassificationModelPath(value)[source]¶
Sets a path to the the classification model if it has been already trained.
- Parameters
- labelstr
Path to the the classification model if it has been already trained.
- setFitIntercept(merge)[source]¶
Sets whether to fit an intercept term, default is true.
- Parameters
- labelstr
Whether to fit an intercept term, default is true.
- setInputCols(*value)¶
Sets column names of input annotations.
- Parameters
- *valuestr
Input columns for the annotator
- setLabelColumn(label)[source]¶
Sets column with the value result we are trying to predict.
- Parameters
- labelstr
Column with the value result we are trying to predict.
- setLabels(value)[source]¶
Sets array to output the label in the original form.
- Parameters
- labellist
array to output the label in the original form.
- setLazyAnnotator(value)¶
Sets whether Annotator should be evaluated lazily in a RecursivePipeline.
- Parameters
- valuebool
Whether Annotator should be evaluated lazily in a RecursivePipeline
- setMaxIter(k)[source]¶
Sets maximum number of iterations.
- Parameters
- kint
Maximum number of iterations.
- setOutputCol(value)¶
Sets output column name of annotations.
- Parameters
- valuestr
Name of output column
- setParamValue(paramName)¶
Sets the value of a parameter.
- Parameters
- paramNamestr
Name of the parameter
- setTol(dist)[source]¶
Sets convergence tolerance after each iteration.
- Parameters
- distfloat
Convergence tolerance after each iteration.
- setVectorizationModelPath(value)[source]¶
Sets a path to the the classification model if it has been already trained.
- Parameters
- labelstr
Path to the the classification model if it has been already trained.
- uid¶
A unique id for the object.
- write()¶
Returns an MLWriter instance for this ML instance.


CME And ICE - Buy Any Dips
by Andrew HechtSummary
- The trading business continues to grow.
- CME stock has been on a one-way street.
- ICE has had the same path.
- Recent dips are buying opportunities.
- Volatility equals earnings for the exchanges.
The futures markets have changed dramatically since I got into the business in the early 1980s. In the early days, the exchanges were owned by seat holders who purchased a membership that came with trading rights. The advent of electronic trading caused the expense of operating an exchange and clearing trades to soar. The need for capital and a shift from open outcry pit trading caused members to sell their ownership rights in initial public offerings. In many cases, the members of the exchanges cashed in for extraordinary profits. Two exchanges emerged as the leaders in the United States and around the world. While many exchanges went public, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, now the CME Group (CME), and the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) gobbled up other exchanges and now dominate the business.
The CME and ICE make money from trading and clearing fees. They also sell their data to a growing market of traders and investors around the world. In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, both exchanges benefited from revenues from clearing over-the-counter transactions. The price action in both the CME and ICE shares has been a one-way street higher. Both stocks have pulled back a bit, which could be an excellent opportunity to buy these companies that thrive on the growth in trading volume.
The trading business continues to grow
With the CME and ICE continue to tell the market that volumes are rising, all we need to do is look at the long-term charts to validate the increasing participation in the futures markets.
Source: Barchart
ICE owns the NYSE, the volume in stocks rose to record levels in 2018 and is not far below that level in 2019.
Source: CQG
Volume and open interest in the E-Mini S&P 500 futures contract that trades on the CME have increased over the past years.
Source: CQG
The metrics in the crude oil futures market on the NYMEX division of the CME has grown steadily.
Source: CQG
Gold futures that trade on the COMEX division of the CME have seen increasing volumes and open interest.
Source: CQG
The same holds for NYMEX-CME natural gas futures.
Source: CQG
The ICE sugar futures market has also grown over the years. And, the same is true for most of the markets that trade on the CME and ICE futures exchanges.
Each time a contract trades, the exchanges earn execution and clearing fees. At the same time, the vast volumes that trade in the over-the-counter market go through the clearinghouses at the two exchanges. Moreover, the expanding number of market participants means the demand for data increases, which rings the register for the CME and ICE.
CME stock has been on a one-way street
An investment in CME shares in December 2002, has grown by leaps and bounds.
Source: Barchart
As the chart shows, the price of CME shares climbed from $7.78 in December 2002, to $205.83 as of November 14. The market cap of the CME Group was at $74.952 billion and trades at 36.90 times earnings. CME pays shareholders a 1.47% dividend. The CME has beat consensus earnings estimates in three of the past four quarters. In Q2 2019, earnings came in at the estimated level. In Q3 1019., the CME beat consensus estimates by 14 cents per share.
ICE has had the same path
ICE shares began trading in late 2005.
Source: Barchart
The shares made moved steadily higher from $6.25 in November 2005 to $92.97 on November 14. Over the past four quarters, ICE has beat consensus earnings estimates each time. With a market cap of $52.377 billion, ICE trades at 25.18 times earnings and pays its shareholders a 1.19% dividend.
Recent dips are buying opportunities
Even though the stock market traded to record highs last week, shares of the CME and ICE have backed off from their all-time highs.
Source: Barchart
The record high in ICE was at $95.56 on October 11. The shares have pulled back to under $91 on November 14.
Source: Barchart
CME shares reached a high at $224.91 on October 6 and has corrected to under $206 as of November 14.
I believe that any further pullbacks in both CME and ICE shares will be an opportunity to begin buying both exchanges on a scale-down basis.
Volatility equals earnings for the exchanges
The many issues facing markets across all asset classes should keep volatility in markets over the coming days, weeks, months, and years. Price action is the mother's milk of exchanges as it creates opportunities for traders and investors who take price risk. At the same time, the demand for hedging rises as population growth around the world means that more people with more money require more of the raw materials traded by the exchanges each day. Volatility attracts volume and open interest, and each time that a contract or share trades on the CME or ICE, the exchanges ring the profit register.
The one risk I see is the potential for a progressive agenda in the US that increases corporate taxes and imposes new fees on trading and investing. While a policy shift towards democratic socialism in the US would weigh on earnings, the odds of a total abandonment of capitalism remains low.
Buying shares of the CME and ICE on dips since each has been a publicly traded company has been a profitable investment, and I believe that trend will continue.
The Hecht Commodity Report is one of the most comprehensive commodities reports available today from the #2 ranked author in both commodities and precious metals. My weekly report covers the market movements of 20 different commodities and provides bullish, bearish and neutral calls; directional trading recommendations, and actionable ideas for traders. I just reworked the report to make it very actionable!
Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
Additional disclosure: The author always has positions in commodities markets in futures, options, ETF/ETN products, and commodity equities. These long and short positions tend to change on an intraday basis.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
Thought cauliflower cheese couldn’t get any better? Salt-sweet pancetta takes this comfort food classic to a new level.
Preheat the grill to its highest setting.
Bring a large pan of salted water to the boil, then cook the cauliflower florets for 5-6 minutes, or until tender. Drain well and refresh in a large bowl of iced water.
Melt half of the butter in a large saucepan. When melted, whisk in the flour to form a smooth paste. Continue to cook the paste for 1-2 minutes, whisking continuously.
Gradually add the milk to the paste, whisking after each addition until smooth. When all of the milk has been added to the sauce, stir in the mustard and half of the grated cheese until smooth. Season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Drain the cooled cauliflower florets and transfer to an ovenproof dish. Pour over the cheese sauce, then sprinkle over the remaining grated cheese.
Place the dish under the grill for 4-5 minutes, or until the cheese is golden-brown and bubbling.
Meanwhile, melt the remaining butter in a frying pan over a medium heat. Add the brioche crumbs and fry until golden-brown and crisp, stirring well. Transfer to a bowl.
Wipe the frying pan with kitchen roll. Add the pancetta and dry-fry until crisp and golden-brown. Drizzle over the maple syrup and stir until it coats all of the pancetta.
To serve, sprinkle the breadcrumbs over the cauliflower cheese. Lay the rashers of maple syrup pancetta on top. Spoon onto plates.


[ all classes ]
[ org.engineFRP.FRP ]
Coverage Summary for Class: FRPKeyboard (org.engineFRP.FRP)
| Class | Method, % | Line, % |
|---|---|---|
| FRPKeyboard | 62.5% (5/ 8) | 61.1% (11/ 18) |
| FRPKeyboard$1 | 50% (1/ 2) | 33.3% (1/ 3) |
| FRPKeyboard$Key | 100% (2/ 2) | 100% (9/ 9) |
| total | 66.7% (8/ 12) | 70% (21/ 30) |
1 package org.engineFRP.FRP;
2
3 import org.lwjgl.glfw.GLFWKeyCallback;
4 import sodium.*;
5
6 import java.util.*;
7
8 import static org.lwjgl.glfw.GLFW.*;
9
10 /**
11 * Created by TekMaTek on 22/02/2015.
12 */
13 public class FRPKeyboard {
14
15 public static final StreamSink<Key> keyEvent = new StreamSink<>();
16 public static final StreamSink<Key> keyEventSmooth = new StreamSink<>();
17 private static GLFWKeyCallback keyCallback;
18
19 private static final Cell<Hashtable<Integer, Key>> smoothKeysDownHack = keyEvent
20 .accum(new Hashtable<>(), (key, hashtable) -> {
21 hashtable.put(key.code, key);
22 return hashtable;
23 });//Add key events to the hashtable when they happen.
24
25 public static void create() {
26 // Setup a code callback. It will be called every time a code is pressed, repeated or released.
27 glfwSetKeyCallback(FRPDisplay.getWindow(), keyCallback = new GLFWKeyCallback() {
28 @Override
29 public void invoke(long window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods) {
30 keyEvent.send(new Key(window, key, scancode, action, mods));
31 }
32 });
33 }
34
35 public static void fakeKeyEvent(Key key) {
36 keyEvent.send(key);
37 }
38
39 /**
40 * lwjgl has a delay between key pressed and key down events. This function makes it seem the delay doesn't exist
41 * by re-emitting the event on a different stream between a key pressed and key released event for each key.
42 */
43 //TODO: Figure out how to implement this with only Sodium streams and using keyEvent stream
44 public static void hackedSmoothKeys() {
45 //using Java's streams here to re emit every key that is logged as being down.
46 smoothKeysDownHack.sample().entrySet().stream()
47 .filter(t -> isKeySmoothlyDown(t.getValue().action))
48 .forEach(t -> keyEventSmooth.send(t.getValue()));
49 }
50
51 public static boolean isKeySmoothlyDown(int keyAction) {
52 return keyAction != GLFW_RELEASE;
53 }
54
55 public static void Destroy() {
56 keyCallback.release();
57 }
58
59 public static class Key {
60 public long window;
61 public int code;
62 public int scancode;
63 public int action;
64 public int mods;
65
66 public Key(long window, int code, int scancode, int action, int mods) {
67 this.window = window;
68 this.code = code;
69 this.scancode = scancode;
70 this.action = action;
71 this.mods = mods;
72 }
73
74 public Key(int code, int action) {
75 this(0l, code, 0, action, 0);
76 }
77 }
78
79 public static boolean isArrowKeyPressed(int key) {
80 return key == GLFW_KEY_RIGHT
81 || key == GLFW_KEY_LEFT
82 || key == GLFW_KEY_UP
83 || key == GLFW_KEY_DOWN;
84 }
85 }


This example shows the average (AVG) salary of all departments in a company by using an inline view. Note that calculating the average of all salaries will NOT give the same answer as the average salary of the average department salaries!


Generic Hipster Coffee
Specialty coffee, fresh food & local community.
Opening hours
sunday – thursday: 8:00 – 23:00
friday – saturday: 8:00 – 1:00
Book a table
Call +1<PHONE_NUMBER>
Address
321 Ivy St.
San Francisco, CA 94102


Slow down: Dutch cut max speed limit to rein in pollution
THE HAGUE, Netherlands (AP) - The Dutch government is lowering the top speed limit on highways in a bid to put the brakes on emissions of the pollutant nitrogen oxide.
Prime Minister Mark Rutte announced Wednesday that the maximum speed limit will be cut from 130 kilometers per hour to 100 km/h (81-62 miles per hour) on many of the country’s highways.
It was a climbdown for Rutte, whose conservative party is known as the “vroom vroom” party because of its support of motorists.
Rutte says he is “unbelievably unhappy that the 130 is disappearing.”
The measure follows a Dutch Supreme Court decision in May that said the government’s rules for granting permits to projects that emit nitrogen oxide breach European Union environmental law.
That led to a freeze on permits for many construction projects.
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This is a test and leads to no external link. This will be updated soon...
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--- title: Exercise 2 layout: lesson nextex: benedictionex3 prevex: benedictionex1 course: benediction course-title: Benediction ---
Here is the second exercise. More phrases to become familiar with.
And the translations:
Agreement of Adjective, &c., with Noun.
1. Salutaris Hostia saving Victim. 2. Uni Domino to the one Lord. 3. Trino Domino to the trine Lord. 4. Hostilia bella Hostile wars. 5. Sempiterna gloria everlasting glory. 6. Sancte Spiritus Holy Ghost. 7. Sancta Trinitas, unus Deus Holy Trinity, One God. 8. Sancta Maria holy Mary. 9. Mater purissima Mother most pure. 10. Mater intemerata Mother undefiled. 11. Mater amabilis Mother all-lovely. 12. Virgo prudentissima Virgin most prudent. 13. Virgo veneranda Virgin to be venerated. 14. Insigne vas singular vessel. 15. Mystica rosa mystical rose. 16. Eburnea turris ivory tower. 17. Aurea domus golden house. 18. Matutina stella morning star. 19. Omnium Sanctorum of all the Saints. 20. Sine originali labe without original stain. 21. Regina queen concepta conceived sine originali labe without original stain. 22. Tantum Sacramentum so great a Sacrament. 23. Antiquum documentum the ancient ordinance. 24. Novo ritui to the new rite. 25. Compar laudatio equal laudation. 26. Omne delectamentum every delight. 27. Sub mirabili Sacramento under the wondrous Sacrament. 28. Tuae Passionis of thy Passion. 29. Sacra mysteria the sacred mysteries. 30. Sanctissimum Sacramentum the most holy Sacrament. 31. Omnes gentes all nations. 32. Omnes populi all peoples.