A Christmas Carol
by Charles Dickens
“Stave IV”
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1843
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
- Source: Dickens, C. (1843). A Christmas Carol. London, England: Chapman and Hall.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 6.7
- Word Count: 5,882
- Genre: Fantasy
- Keywords: forgiveness, ghost story, greed, morality, redemption, victorian
- ✎ Cite This
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The Last of the Spirits
The Phantom slowly, gravely, silently approached. When it came, Scrooge bent down upon his knee; for in the very air through which this Spirit moved it seemed to scatter gloom and mystery. It was shrouded in a deep black garment, which concealed its head, its face, its form, and left nothing of it visible save one outstretched hand. But for this it would have been difficult to detach its figure from the night, and separate it from the darkness by which it was surrounded.
He felt that it was tall and stately when it came beside him, and that its mysterious presence filled him with a solemn dread. He knew no more, for the Spirit neither spoke nor moved.
“I am in the presence of the Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come?” said Scrooge.
The Spirit answered not, but pointed downward with its hand.
“You are about to show me shadows of the things that have not happened, but will happen in the time before us,” Scrooge pursued. “Is that so, Spirit?”
The upper portion of the garment was contracted for an instant in its folds, as if the Spirit had inclined its head. That was the only answer he received.
Although well used to ghostly company by this time, Scrooge feared the silent shape so much that his legs trembled beneath him, and he found that he could hardly stand when he prepared to follow it. The Spirit pauses a moment, as observing his condition, and giving him time to recover.
But Scrooge was all the worse for this. It thrilled him with a vague uncertain horror, to know that behind the dusky shroud there were ghostly eyes intently fixed upon him, while he, though he stretched his own to the utmost, could see nothing but a spectral hand and one great heap of black.
“Ghost of the Future!” he exclaimed, “I fear you more than any spectre I have seen. But as I know your purpose is to do me good, and as I hope to live to be another man from what I was, I am prepared to bear you company, and do it with a thankful heart. Will you not speak to me?”
It gave him no reply. The hand was pointed straight before them.
“Lead on,” said Scrooge. “Lead on. The night is waning fast, and it is precious time to me, I know. Lead on, Spirit.”
The Phantom moved away as it had come towards him. Scrooge followed in the shadow of its dress, which bore him up, he thought, and carried him along.
They scarcely seemed to enter the city; for the city rather seemed to spring up about them, and encompass them of its own act. But there they were, in the heart of it; on Change, amongst the merchants; who hurried up and down, and chinked the money in their pockets, and conversed in groups, and looked at their watches, and trifled thoughtfully with their great gold seals; and so forth, as Scrooge had seen them often.
The Spirit stopped beside one little knot of business men. Observing that the hand was pointed to them, Scrooge advanced to listen to their talk.
“No,” said a great fat man with a monstrous chin,” I don’t know much about it, either way. I only know he’s dead.”
“When did he die?” inquired another.
“Last night, I believe.”
“Why, what was the matter with him?” asked a third, taking a vast quantity of snuff out of a very large snuff-box. “I thought he’d never die.”
“God knows,” said the first, with a yawn.
“What has he done with his money?” asked a red-faced gentleman with a pendulous excrescence on the end of his nose, that shook like the gills of a turkey-cock.
“I haven’t heard,” said the man with the large chin, yawning again. “Left it to his company, perhaps. He hasn’t left it to me. That’s all I know.”
This pleasantry was received with a general laugh.
“It’s likely to be a very cheap funeral,” said the same speaker; “for upon my life I don’t know of anybody to go to it. Suppose we make up a party and volunteer?”
“I don’t mind going if a lunch is provided,” observed the gentleman with the excrescence on his nose. “But I must be fed, if I make one.”
Another laugh.
“Well, I am the most disinterested among you, after all,” said the first speaker,” for I never wear black gloves, and I never eat lunch. But I’ll offer to go, if anybody else will. When I come to think of it, I’m not at all sure that I wasn’t his most particular friend; for we used to stop and speak whenever we met. Bye, bye.”
Speakers and listeners strolled away, and mixed with other groups. Scrooge knew the men, and looked towards the Spirit for an explanation.
The Phantom glided on into a street. Its finger pointed to two persons meeting. Scrooge listened again, thinking that the explanation might lie here.
He knew these men, also, perfectly. They were men of aye business: very wealthy, and of great importance. He had made a point always of standing well in their esteem: in a business point of view, that is; strictly in a business point of view.
“How are you?” said one.
“How are you?” returned the other.
“Well!” said the first. “Old Scratch has got his own at last, hey.”
“So I am told,” returned the second. “Cold, isn’t it.”
“Seasonable for Christmas time. You’re not a skater, I suppose?”
“No. No. Something else to think of. Good morning.”
Not another word. That was their meeting, their conversation, and their parting.
Scrooge was at first inclined to be surprised that the Spirit should attach importance to conversations apparently so trivial; but feeling assured that they must have some hidden purpose, he set himself to consider what it was likely to be. They could scarcely be supposed to have any bearing on the death of Jacob, his old partner, for that was Past, and this Ghost’s province was the Future. Nor could he think of any one immediately connected with himself, to whom he could apply them. But nothing doubting that to whomsoever they applied they had some latent moral for his own improvement, he resolved to treasure up every word he heard, and everything he saw; and especially to observe the shadow of himself when it appeared. For he had an expectation that the conduct of his future self would give him the clue he missed, and would render the solution of these riddles easy.
He looked about in that very place for his own image; but another man stood in his accustomed corner, and though the clock pointed to his usual time of day for being there, he saw no likeness of himself among the multitudes that poured in through the Porch. It gave him little surprise, however; for he had been revolving in his mind a change of life, and thought and hoped he saw his new-born resolutions carried out in this.
Quiet and dark, beside him stood the Phantom, with its outstretched hand. When he roused himself from his thoughtful quest, he fancied from the turn of the hand, and its situation in reference to himself, that the Unseen Eyes were looking at him keenly. It made him shudder, and feel very cold.
They left the busy scene, and went into an obscure part of the town, where Scrooge had never penetrated before, although he recognised its situation, and its bad repute. The ways were foul and narrow; the shops and houses wretched; the people half-naked, drunken, slipshod, ugly. Alleys and archways, like so many cesspools, disgorged their offenses of smell, and dirt, and life, upon the straggling streets; and the whole quarter reeked with crime, with filth, and misery.
Far in this den of infamous resort, there was a low-browed, beetling shop, below a pent-house roof, where iron, old rags, bottles, bones, and greasy offal, were bought. Upon the floor within, were piled up heaps of rusty keys, nails, chains, hinges, files, scales, weights, and refuse iron of all kinds. Secrets that few would like to scrutinise were bred and hidden in mountains of unseemly rags, masses of corrupted fat, and sepulchres of bones. Sitting in among the wares he dealt in, by a charcoal stove, made of old bricks, was a grey-haired rascal, nearly seventy years of age; who had screened himself from the cold air without, by a frowsy curtaining of miscellaneous tatters, hung upon a line; and smoked his pipe in all the luxury of calm retirement.
Scrooge and the Phantom came into the presence of this man, just as a woman with a heavy bundle slunk into the shop. But she had scarcely entered, when another woman, similarly laden, came in too; and she was closely followed by a man in faded black, who was no less startled by the sight of them, than they had been upon the recognition of each other. After a short period of blank astonishment, in which the old man with the pipe had joined them, they all three burst into a laugh.
“Let the charwoman alone to be the first!” cried she who had entered first. “Let the laundress alone to be the second; and let the undertaker’s man alone to be the third. Look here, old Joe, here’s a chance. If we haven’t all three met here without meaning it!”
“You couldn’t have met in a better place,” said old Joe, removing his pipe from his mouth. “Come into the parlour. You were made free of it long ago, you know; and the other two an’t strangers.  How it skreeks. There an’t such a rusty bit of metal in the place as its own hinges, I believe; and I’m sure there’s no such old bones here, as mine. Ha, ha! We’re all suitable to our calling, we’re well matched. Come into the parlour. Come into the parlour.”
The parlour was the space behind the screen of rags. The old man raked the fire together with an old stair-rod, and having trimmed his smoky lamp (for it was night), with the stem of his pipe, put it in his mouth again.
While he did this, the woman who had already spoken threw her bundle on the floor, and sat down in a flaunting manner on a stool; crossing her elbows on her knees, and looking with a bold defiance at the other two.
“What odds then. What odds, Mrs Dilber.” said the woman. “Every person has a right to take care of themselves. He always did.”
“That’s true, indeed,” said the laundress. “No man more so.”
“Why then, don’t stand staring as if you was afraid, woman; who’s the wiser? We’re not going to pick holes in each other’s coats, I suppose?”
“No, indeed,” said Mrs Dilber and the man together. “We should hope not.”
“Very well, then!” cried the woman. “That’s enough. Who’s the worse for the loss of a few things like these? Not a dead man, I suppose.”
“No, indeed,” said Mrs Dilber, laughing.
“If he wanted to keep them after he was dead, a wicked old screw,” pursued the woman, “why wasn’t he natural in his lifetime? If he had been, he’d have had somebody to look after him when he was struck with Death, instead of lying gasping out his last there, alone by himself.”
“It’s the truest word that ever was spoke,” said Mrs Dilber. “It’s a judgment on him.”
“I wish it was a little heavier judgment,” replied the woman; “and it should have been, you may depend upon it, if I could have laid my hands on anything else. Open that bundle, old Joe, and let me know the value of it. Speak out plain. I’m not afraid to be the first, nor afraid for them to see it. We know pretty well that we were helping ourselves, before we met here, I believe. It’s no sin. Open the bundle, Joe.”
But the gallantry of her friends would not allow of this; and the man in faded black, mounting the breach first, produced his plunder. It was not extensive. A seal or two, a pencil-case, a pair of sleeve-buttons, and a brooch of no great value, were all. They were severally examined and appraised by old Joe, who chalked the sums he was disposed to give for each upon the wall, and added them up into a total when he found there was nothing more to come.
“That’s your account,” said Joe, “and I wouldn’t give another sixpence, if I was to be boiled for not doing it. Who’s next?”
Mrs Dilber was next. Sheets and towels, a little wearing apparel, two old-fashioned silver teaspoons, a pair of sugar-tongs, and a few boots. Her account was stated on the wall in the same manner.
“I always give too much to ladies. It’s a weakness of mine, and that’s the way I ruin myself,” said old Joe. “That’s your account. If you asked me for another penny, and made it an open question, I’d repent of being so liberal and knock off half-a-crown.”
“And now undo my bundle, Joe,” said the first woman.
Joe went down on his knees for the greater convenience of opening it, and having unfastened a great many knots, dragged out a large and heavy roll of some dark stuff.
“What do you call this?” said Joe. “Bed-curtains?”
“Ah!” returned the woman, laughing and leaning forward on her crossed arms. “Bed-curtains.”
“You don’t mean to say you took them down, rings and all, with him lying there?” said Joe.
“Yes I do,” replied the woman. “Why not?”
“You were born to make your fortune,” said Joe,” and you’ll certainly do it.”
“I certainly shan’t hold my hand, when I can get anything in it by reaching it out, for the sake of such a man as he was, I promise you, Joe,” returned the woman coolly. “Don’t drop that oil upon the blankets, now.”
“His blankets?” asked Joe.
“Whose else’s do you think?” replied the woman. “He isn’t likely to take cold without them, I dare say.”
“I hope he didn’t die of any thing catching. Eh?” said old Joe, stopping in his work, and looking up.
“Don’t you be afraid of that,” returned the woman. “I an’t so fond of his company that I’d loiter about him for such things, if he did. Ah. you may look through that shirt till your eyes ache; but you won’t find a hole in it, nor a threadbare place. It’s the best he had, and a fine one too. They’d have wasted it, if it hadn’t been for me.”
“What do you call wasting of it?” asked old Joe.
“Putting it on him to be buried in, to be sure,” replied the woman with a laugh. “Somebody was fool enough to do it, but I took it off again. If calico an’t good enough for such a purpose, it isn’t good enough for anything. It’s quite as becoming to the body. He can’t look uglier than he did in that one.”
Scrooge listened to this dialogue in horror. As they sat grouped about their spoil, in the scanty light afforded by the old man’s lamp, he viewed them with a detestation and disgust, which could hardly have been greater, though they demons, marketing the corpse itself.
“Ha, ha!” laughed the same woman, when old Joe, producing a flannel bag with money in it, told out their several gains upon the ground. “This is the end of it, you see. He frightened every one away from him when he was alive, to profit us when he was dead. Ha, ha, ha!”
“Spirit,” said Scrooge, shuddering from head to foot. “I see, I see. The case of this unhappy man might be my own. My life tends that way, now. Merciful Heaven, what is this?”
He recoiled in terror, for the scene had changed, and now he almost touched a bed: a bare, uncurtained bed: on which, beneath a ragged sheet, there lay a something covered up, which, though it was dumb, announced itself in awful language.
The room was very dark, too dark to be observed with any accuracy, though Scrooge glanced round it in obedience to a secret impulse, anxious to know what kind of room it was. A pale light, rising in the outer air, fell straight upon the bed; and on it, plundered and bereft, unwatched, unwept, uncared for, was the body of this man.
Scrooge glanced towards the Phantom. Its steady hand was pointed to the head. The cover was so carelessly adjusted that the slightest raising of it, the motion of a finger upon Scrooge’s part, would have disclosed the face. He thought of it, felt how easy it would be to do, and longed to do it; but had no more power to withdraw the veil than to dismiss the spectre at his side.
Oh cold, cold, rigid, dreadful Death, set up thine altar here, and dress it with such terrors as thou hast at thy command: for this is thy dominion. But of the loved, revered, and honoured head, thou canst not turn one hair to thy dread purposes, or make one feature odious. It is not that the hand is heavy and will fall down when released; it is not that the heart and pulse are still; but that the hand was open, generous, and true; the heart brave, warm, and tender; and the pulse a man’s. Strike, Shadow, strike. And see his good deeds springing from the wound, to sow the world with life immortal!
No voice pronounced these words in Scrooge’s ears, and yet he heard them when he looked upon the bed. He thought, if this man could be raised up now, what would be his foremost thoughts. Avarice, hard-dealing, griping cares. They have brought him to a rich end, truly.
He lay, in the dark empty house, with not a man, a woman, or a child, to say that he was kind to me in this or that, and for the memory of one kind word I will be kind to him. A cat was tearing at the door, and there was a sound of gnawing rats beneath the hearth-stone. What they wanted in the room of death, and why they were so restless and disturbed, Scrooge did not dare to think.
“Spirit,.” he said, “this is a fearful place. In leaving it, I shall not leave its lesson, trust me. Let us go.”
Still the Ghost pointed with an unmoved finger to the head.
“I understand you,” Scrooge returned, “and I would do it, if I could. But I have not the power, Spirit. I have not the power.”
Again it seemed to look upon him.
“If there is any person in the town, who feels emotion caused by this man’s death,” said Scrooge quite agonised, “show that person to me, Spirit, I beseech you.”
The Phantom spread its dark robe before him for a moment, like a wing; and withdrawing it, revealed a room by daylight, where a mother and her children were.
She was expecting some one, and with anxious eagerness; for she walked up and down the room; started at every sound; looked out from the window; glanced at the clock; tried, but in vain, to work with her needle; and could hardly bear the voices of the children in their play.
At length the long-expected knock was heard. She hurried to the door, and met her husband; a man whose face was careworn and depressed, though he was young. There was a remarkable expression in it now; a kind of serious delight of which he felt ashamed, and which he struggled to repress.
He sat down to the dinner that had been boarding for him by the fire; and when she asked him faintly what news (which was not until after a long silence), he appeared embarrassed how to answer.
“Is it good.” she said, “or bad?” – to help him.
“Bad,” he answered.
“We are quite ruined.”
“No. There is hope yet, Caroline.”
“If he relents,” she said, amazed, “there is. Nothing is past hope, if such a miracle has happened.”
“He is past relenting,” said her husband. “He is dead.”
She was a mild and patient creature if her face spoke truth; but she was thankful in her soul to hear it, and she said so, with clasped hands. She prayed forgiveness the next moment, and was sorry; but the first was the emotion of her heart.
“What the half-drunken woman whom I told you of last night, said to me, when I tried to see him and obtain a week’s delay; and what I thought was a mere excuse to avoid me; turns out to have been quite true. He was not only very ill, but dying, then.”
“To whom will our debt be transferred?”
“I don’t know. But before that time we shall be ready with the money; and even though we were not, it would be a bad fortune indeed to find so merciless a creditor in his successor. We may sleep to-night with light hearts, Caroline.”
Yes. Soften it as they would, their hearts were lighter. The children’s faces hushed, and clustered round to hear what they so little understood, were brighter; and it was a happier house for this man’s death. The only emotion that the Ghost could show him, caused by the event, was one of pleasure.
“Let me see some tenderness connected with a death,” said Scrooge; “or that dark chamber, Spirit, which we left just now, will be for ever present to me.”
The Ghost conducted him through several streets familiar to his feet; and as they went along, Scrooge looked here and there to find himself, but nowhere was he to be seen. They entered poor Bob Cratchit’s house; the dwelling he had visited before; and found the mother and the children seated round the fire.
Quiet. Very quiet. The noisy little Cratchits were as still as statues in one corner, and sat looking up at Peter, who had a book before him. The mother and her daughters were engaged in sewing. But surely they were very quiet.
“And he took a child, and set him in the midst of them.”
Where had Scrooge heard those words? He had not dreamed them. The boy must have read them out, as he and the Spirit crossed the threshold. Why did he not go on?

“The colour hurts my eyes,” she said.
The colour? Ah, poor Tiny Tim.
“They’re better now again,” said Cratchit’s wife. “It makes them weak by candle-light; and I wouldn’t show weak eyes to your father when he comes home, for the world. It must be near his time.”
“Past it rather,” Peter answered, shutting up his book. “But I think he’s walked a little slower than he used, these few last evenings, mother.”
They were very quiet again. At last she said, and in a steady, cheerful voice, that only faltered once:
“I have known him walk with – I have known him walk with Tiny Tim upon his shoulder, very fast indeed.”
“And so have I,” cried Peter. “Often.”
“And so have I,” exclaimed another. So had all.
“But he was very light to carry,” she resumed, intent upon her work, “and his father loved him so, that it was no trouble – no trouble. And there is your father at the door!”
She hurried out to meet him; and little Bob in his comforter – he had need of it, poor fellow – came in. His tea was ready for him on the hob, and they all tried who should help him to it most. Then the two young Cratchits got upon his knees and laid, each child a little cheek, against his face, as if they said, “Don’t mind it, father. Don’t be grieved.”
Bob was very cheerful with them, and spoke pleasantly to all the family. He looked at the work upon the table, and praised the industry and speed of Mrs Cratchit and the girls. They would be done long before Sunday, he said.
“Sunday. You went to-day, then, Robert?” said his wife.
“Yes, my dear,” returned Bob. “I wish you could have gone. It would have done you good to see how green a place it is. But you’ll see it often. I promised him that I would walk there on a Sunday. My little, little child!” cried Bob. “My little child!”
He broke down all at once. He couldn’t help it. If he could have helped it, he and his child would have been farther apart perhaps than they were.
He left the room, and went up-stairs into the room above, which was lighted cheerfully, and hung with Christmas. There was a chair set close beside the child, and there were signs of some one having been there, lately. Poor Bob sat down in it, and when he had thought a little and composed himself, he kissed the little face. He was reconciled to what had happened, and went down again quite happy.
They drew about the fire, and talked; the girls and mother working still. Bob told them of the extraordinary kindness of Mr Scrooge’s nephew, whom he had scarcely seen but once, and who, meeting him in the street that day, and seeing that he looked a little – “just a little down you know,” said Bob, inquired what had happened to distress him. “On which,” said Bob, “for he is the pleasantest-spoken gentleman you ever heard, I told him. ‘I am heartily sorry for it, Mr Cratchit,’ he said, ‘and heartily sorry for your good wife.’ By the bye, how he ever knew that, I don’t know.”
“Knew what, my dear?”
“Why, that you were a good wife,” replied Bob.
“Everybody knows that,” said Peter.
“Very well observed, my boy!” cried Bob. “I hope they do. ‘Heartily sorry,’ he said, ‘for your good wife. If I can be of service to you in any way,’ he said, giving me his card, ‘that’s where I live. Pray come to me.’ Now, it wasn’t,” cried Bob,” for the sake of anything he might be able to do for us, so much as for his kind way, that this was quite delightful. It really seemed as if he had known our Tiny Tim, and felt with us.”
“I’m sure he’s a good soul,” said Mrs Cratchit.
“You would be surer of it, my dear,” returned Bob, “if you saw and spoke to him. I shouldn’t be at all surprised mark what I say, if he got Peter a better situation.”
“Only hear that, Peter,” said Mrs Cratchit.
“And then,” cried one of the girls, “Peter will be keeping company with some one, and setting up for himself.”
“Get along with you!” retorted Peter, grinning.
“It’s just as likely as not,” said Bob, “one of these days; though there’s plenty of time for that, my dear. But however and when ever we part from one another, I am sure we shall none of us forget poor Tiny Tim – shall we – or this first parting that there was among us.”
“Never, father!” cried they all.
“And I know,” said Bob, “I know, my dears, that when we recollect how patient and how mild he was; although he was a little, little child; we shall not quarrel easily among ourselves, and forget poor Tiny Tim in doing it.”
“No, never, father!” they all cried again.
“I am very happy,” said little Bob, “I am very happy!”
Mrs Cratchit kissed him, his daughters kissed him, the two young Cratchits kissed him, and Peter and himself shook hands. Spirit of Tiny Tim, thy childish essence was from God.
“Spectre,” said Scrooge, “something informs me that our parting moment is at hand. I know it, but I know not how. Tell me what man that was whom we saw lying dead.”
The Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come conveyed him, as before – though at a different time, he thought: indeed, there seemed no order in these latter visions, save that they were in the Future – into the resorts of business men, but showed him not himself. Indeed, the Spirit did not stay for anything, but went straight on, as to the end just now desired, until besought by Scrooge to tarry for a moment.
“This courts,” said Scrooge, “through which we hurry now, is where my place of occupation is, and has been for a length of time. I see the house. Let me behold what I shall be, in days to come.”
The Spirit stopped; the hand was pointed elsewhere.
“The house is yonder,” Scrooge exclaimed. “Why do you point away?”
The inexorable finger underwent no change.
Scrooge hastened to the window of his office, and looked in. It was an office still, but not his. The furniture was not the same, and the figure in the chair was not himself. The Phantom pointed as before.
He joined it once again, and wondering why and whither he had gone, accompanied it until they reached an iron gate. He paused to look round before entering.
A churchyard. Here, then, the wretched man whose name he had now to learn, lay underneath the ground. It was a worthy place. Walled in by houses; overrun by grass and weeds, the growth of vegetation’s death, not life; choked up with too much burying; fat with repleted appetite. A worthy place!
The Spirit stood among the graves, and pointed down to One. He advanced towards it trembling. The Phantom was exactly as it had been, but he dreaded that he saw new meaning in its solemn shape.
“Before I draw nearer to that stone to which you point,” said Scrooge, “answer me one question. Are these the shadows of the things that Will be, or are they shadows of things that May be, only?”
Still the Ghost pointed downward to the grave by which it stood.
“Men’s courses will foreshadow certain ends, to which, if persevered in, they must lead,” said Scrooge. “But if the courses be departed from, the ends will change. Say it is thus with what you show me.”
The Spirit was immovable as ever.
Scrooge crept towards it, trembling as he went; and following the finger, read upon the stone of the neglected grave his own name, EBENEZER SCROOGE.
“Am I that man who lay upon the bed?” he cried, upon his knees.
The finger pointed from the grave to him, and back again.
“No, Spirit! Oh no, no!”
The finger still was there.
“Spirit!” he cried, tight clutching at its robe, “hear me. I am not the man I was. I will not be the man I must have been but for this intercourse. Why show me this, if I am past all hope?”
For the first time the hand appeared to shake.
“Good Spirit,” he pursued, as down upon the ground he fell before it: “Your nature intercedes for me, and pities me. Assure me that I yet may change these shadows you have shown me, by an altered life.”
The kind hand trembled.
“I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future. The Spirits of all Three shall strive within me.  Oh, tell me I may sponge away the writing on this stone!”
In his agony, he caught the spectral hand. It sought to free itself, but he was strong in his entreaty, and detained it. The Spirit, stronger yet, repulsed him.
Holding up his hands in a last prayer to have his fate aye reversed, he saw an alteration in the Phantom’s hood and dress. It shrunk, collapsed, and dwindled down into a bedpost.


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A kitten (also known as a kitty or kitty cat) is a juvenile cat. After being born, kittens are totally dependent on their mother for survival and they do not normally open their eyes until after seven to ten days. After about two weeks, kittens quickly develop and begin to explore the world outside the nest. After a further three to four weeks, they begin to eat solid food and grow adult teeth. Domestic kittens are highly social animals and enjoy human companionship.
A puppy is a juvenile dog. Some puppies can weigh 1–3 lb (0.45–1.36 kg), while larger ones can weigh up to 15–23 lb (6.8–10.4 kg). All healthy puppies grow quickly after birth. A puppy's coat color may change as the puppy grows older, as is commonly seen in breeds such as the Yorkshire Terrier. In vernacular English, puppy refers specifically to dogs while pup may often be used for other mammals such as seals, giraffes, guinea pigs, or even rats.
Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world. There are eight different genera in the family classified as rabbits, including the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), cottontail rabbits (genus Sylvilagus; 13 species), and the Amami rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi, an endangered species on Amami Ōshima, Japan). There are many other species of rabbit, and these, along with pikas and hares, make up the order Lagomorpha. The male is called a buck and the female is a doe; a young rabbit is a kitten or kit.


"You better run for your life if you can little girl"John Lennon
I love fitness and runing, swet and leggins.
Why water is good for you?
I can change beer into water!.


Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Controle para os responsáveis
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industrys standard dummy text ever since the 1500s
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industrys standard dummy text ever since the 1500s
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industrys standard dummy text ever since the 1500s
Benefícios Múltiplos para Todas as Partes
Resultados comprovados de redução de custos operacionais, aumento na eficiência do controle disciplinar e aumento da participação dos pais e responsáveis no ambiente escolar.
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Alunos
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Educadores
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Cidades
{{ contagem.escolas }}
Escolas


referenced
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 19:56:30.merged
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 19:56:30.closed
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 19:56:30.referenced
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 20:01:12.merged
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 20:01:12.closed
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 20:01:12.head_ref_deleted
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 20:01:16.labeled
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:15:25.assigned
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:15:25.I still need to improve the styling, but these have been uploaded:
assigned
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 04:00:55.We had one user report seeing the outdated language for the password reset
unassigned
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:54:54.assigned
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:55:02.closed
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:55:13.closed
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:55:56.unassigned
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:56:54.closed
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:57:28.closed
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:57:57.closed
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-10-08 18:58:18.renamed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 18:46:25.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 18:56:51.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 19:59:19.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 20:20:52.review_dismissed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 19:59:19.head_ref_force_pushed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 19:59:19.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 20:20:52.merged
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 20:20:52.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 20:20:52.head_ref_deleted
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 20:20:53.labeled
by Christina Chortaria at 2020-10-08 15:01:19.The equivalent in alma is the field policy
https://bibdata-staging.princeton.edu/bibliographic/991227850000541/items?adapter=alma
we still need:
[ ] onreserve https://github.com/pulibrary/marcliberation/issues/846
[ ] itemsequencenumber https://github.com/pulibrary/marc_liberation/issues/845
[ ] circgroupid https://github.com/pulibrary/marc_liberation/issues/847
[ ] pickuplocationid https://github.com/pulibrary/marc_liberation/issues/848
[ ] itemtype https://github.com/pulibrary/marcliberation/issues/849
[ ] patrongroupcharged https://github.com/pulibrary/marc_liberation/issues/850
[ ] copy_number
Coverage decreased (-0.02%) to 81.947% when pulling b45f3a4fa132d1fd83352d265ad601c2d97b89ce on 751-bib-items into 34c6678429cc89f520834182f41360e577573f39 on master.
deployed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 16:18:57.head_ref_force_pushed
by Christina Chortaria at 2020-10-08 18:29:12.Coverage remained the same at 96.578% when pulling 438a3b380767bd9eed956316c3392bd68d05128e on borrow_direct into 3d478f3d7809e9ff596be51f27df1296d6552e15 on main.
head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-10-08 14:03:38.deployed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 14:08:45.head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-10-08 14:39:43.deployed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 14:40:22.closed
by None at 2020-10-08 18:37:16.head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-10-08 18:37:16.deployed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 18:37:45.See report of problematic items: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vpsLuTlatwU0pTqjxv5OmX4K90v-wrIJ9NfeNAFe75I/edit#gid=521120918
This was an issue with jQuery version being used (1.5). Updated configuration to use latest available version via jquery update (1.10).
closed
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-10-08 20:01:38.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 15:15:00.@tpendragon Updated to not group when faceting by collection.
head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-07 23:10:12.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-07 23:24:45.review_requested
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-07 23:35:17.mentioned
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-07 23:35:53.subscribed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-07 23:35:53.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 15:15:00.merged
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 15:15:00.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 15:15:01.head_ref_deleted
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 15:15:04.Closed in favor of #407
closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-08 17:16:00.assigned
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-08 17:42:18.MC152 is a better example. There is a fixture for it.
assigned
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-07 23:37:07.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-08 17:55:06.referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-08 17:55:06.merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-08 17:55:06.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-08 17:55:07.head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-08 17:55:10.labeled
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-08 18:07:04.assigned
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-10-08 18:25:24.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 21:10:47.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 21:10:47.merged
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 21:10:47.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 21:10:47.head_ref_deleted
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-10-08 21:10:50.head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-10-08 13:11:12.head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-10-08 14:39:08.head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-10-08 18:36:08.referenced
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-10-08 12:25:44.merged
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-10-08 12:25:44.closed
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-10-08 12:25:44.head_ref_deleted
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-10-08 12:25:49.review_requested
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-10-08 14:40:09.review_requested
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-10-08 14:40:14.referenced
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 15:28:04.merged
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 15:28:04.closed
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 15:28:04.head_ref_deleted
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-10-08 15:28:09.review_requested
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-10-08 15:28:56.review_requested
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-10-08 15:28:56.


A regular expression is a sequence of characters that forms a search pattern. The search pattern can be used for text search and text replace operations.
A regular expression is a sequence of characters that forms a search pattern.
When you search for data in a text, you can use this search pattern to describe what you are searching for.
A regular expression can be a single character, or a more complicated pattern.
Regular expressions can be used to perform all types of text search and text replace operations.
In JavaScript, regular expressions are often used with the two string methods: search() and replace(). The search() method uses an expression to search for a match, and returns the position of the match. The replace() method returns a modified string where the pattern is replaced.
Search a string for "w3Schools", and display the position of the match:
Search a string for "W3Schools", and display the position of the match:
Replace "microsoft" with "W3Schools" in the paragraph below:
Please visit Microsoft and Microsoft!
Replace "Microsoft" with "W3Schools" in the paragraph below:
Please visit Microsoft!
Modifiers can be used to perform case-insensitive more global searches:


Neuroplasticity:
Everything we do affects and changes our brain including what we think. Mental practice can be just as effective as physical practice when we are starting to learn a new skill. We are not fixed and static in what we can and can’t do but we can learn anything if we put the practice and effort in. Our limitations are simply patterns of thought that we have ingrained into ourselves over the years. With effort we can change these patterns of thought and neural pathways and learn new skills we might have previously thought we wouldn’t be able to.
I would engage with these principles by challenging my thoughts when I think I cannot do or learn something. I would remind myself that our brains are always changing and there is no reason why I can’t learn something new.
I think a great way to increase nueroplasticity is meditation, this is because meditation helps us to be more aware of our thoughts and feelings and we can notice how our patterns of thoughts and emotions are limiting us and preventing us from achieving what we want. These thoughts can then be challenged and we can try new things we might not have tried before. Meditation helps us develop a new relationship with our thoughts were we realise we do not always have to believe what they are telling us.
A resource I found usefulGrowth Mindset:
Growth mindset is when we are facing a challenge that we respond to it with with a sense of excitement and persistence. This is because with a growth mindset we view ourselves as easily able to change and learn and that we can develop our abilities and skills. This is opposed to a fixed growth mindset were we think we are born with the skills we have and this cannot be changed. For example, thinking I was bad at maths at highschool therefore I will always be bad at maths demonstrates a fixed mindset.
I think what surprises me is just how much our thoughts and how we view ourselves and the world affect what we do and our outcomes in life. Learning about the growth mindset feels really inspiring and I want to challenge myself to learn new skills.
I will integrate it by being aware of my thoughts and how I am responding to challenges and difficulites. When I am finding something hard I will challenge myself to use it to learn and grow rather than retreat away from it and feel like I’ll never be able to do it.
These understandings may shape my learning plan by viewing it that is something evolving and changing rather than set in stone. As I learn and grow I might become more aware of different areas I want to focus on. I also might discover new strengths and challenges I need to work with. I think it will be important to make sure that I'm not getting stuck in familiar habits but challenge myself to grow and learn new things.
A resource I found engaging.


Projects
All projects can be found here:
My Repository List
Below are the most recent samples:
AboutMe
- The repo for the site you're looking at now
- Language: HTML/CSS
wiki-clone
- A quick exercise at mimicing the Wikipedia layout using Bootstrap
- Language: HTML/CSS
vacation
- A site explaining where in the world my pair and I would like to vacation to
- Language: HTML/CSS
week-in-review
- A quick exercise reviewing the week
- Language: HTML
AnimalShelterLesson
- A code camp exercise creating an HTML site using floats, with an animal shelter theme
- Language: HTML
BandWebpagePractice
- An exercise making a webpage for a band
- Language: HTML
InteriorDecoratorPractice
- An exercise making a webpage as if we were interior decorator
- Language: HTML


Go to the source code of this file.
◆ REGION_AS923
Define your region here Required because each region has different regulations The LoRa Alliance offers documentation for the regional parameters Latest revision when this library was created https://lora-alliance.org/resource-hub/lorawanr-regional-parameters-v11rb Check https://lora-alliance.org/resource-hub for any updates.
Choose a matching region from below REGION_AS923 -> Asia 923 MHz REGION_AU915 -> Australia 915 MHz REGION_CN470 -> China 470 MHz REGION_CN779 -> China 779 MHz REGION_EU433 -> Europe 433 MHz REGION_EU868 -> Europe 868 MHz REGION_IN865 -> India 865 MHz REGION_KR920 -> Korea 920 MHz REGION_US915 -> US 915 MHz
◆ REGION_AU915
◆ REGION_CN470
◆ REGION_CN779
◆ REGION_EU433
◆ REGION_EU868
◆ REGION_IN865
◆ REGION_KR920
◆ REGION_US915
◆ REGION_AS923_1
◆ REGION_AS923_2
◆ REGION_AS923_3
◆ REGION_RU864
◆ LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_ON
| #define LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_ON true |
Enable or disable duty cycle control LoRaWAN ETSI duty cycle control enable/disable. Please note that ETSI mandates duty cycled transmissions. Use only for test purposes.
LoRaWAN duty cycle enabled
◆ LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_OFF
| #define LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_OFF false |
◆ LORAWAN_PUBLIC_NETWORK
| #define LORAWAN_PUBLIC_NETWORK true |
Indicates if the end-device is to be connected to a private or public network.
LoRaWAN public network
- Examples
- LoRaWanPio\src\main.cpp.
◆ LORAWAN_PRIVAT_NETWORK
| #define LORAWAN_PRIVAT_NETWORK false |
◆ LORAWAN_ADR_ON
| #define LORAWAN_ADR_ON true |
Enable or disable LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate enabled (the end-device should be static here).
LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate enabled (the end-device should be static here).
- Examples
- LoRaWanPio\src\main.cpp.
◆ LORAWAN_ADR_OFF
| #define LORAWAN_ADR_OFF false |
LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate disabled.
◆ STATIC_DEVICE_EUI
| #define STATIC_DEVICE_EUI 1 |
Select if a hard coded device ID is used or an automatic generated one When set to 1 DevEui is LORAWAN_DEVICE_EUI When set to 0 DevEui is automatically generated by calling BoardGetUniqueId function.
◆ LORAWAN_DEVICE_EUI
| #define LORAWAN_DEVICE_EUI |
Value: { \
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 \
}
Mote device IEEE EUI (big endian)
◆ LORAWAN_APPLICATION_EUI
| #define LORAWAN_APPLICATION_EUI |
Value: { \
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 \
}
Application IEEE EUI (big endian)
◆ LORAWAN_APPLICATION_KEY
| #define LORAWAN_APPLICATION_KEY |
Value: { \
0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C \
}
AES encryption/decryption cipher application key.
◆ LORAWAN_NETWORK_ID
| #define LORAWAN_NETWORK_ID (uint32_t)0 |
◆ STATIC_DEVICE_ADDRESS
| #define STATIC_DEVICE_ADDRESS 1 |
Select if a hard coded device address is used or an automatic generated one When set to 1 DevAdd is LORAWAN_DEVICE_ADDRESS When set to 0 DevAdd is automatically generated using a pseudo random generator seeded with a value derived from BoardUniqueId value.
◆ LORAWAN_DEVICE_ADDRESS
| #define LORAWAN_DEVICE_ADDRESS (uint32_t)0x00000000 |
Device address on the network (big endian)
◆ LORAWAN_NWKSKEY
Value: { \
0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C \
}
AES encryption/decryption cipher network session key.
◆ LORAWAN_APPSKEY
Value: { \
0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C \
}
AES encryption/decryption cipher application session key.


Basic functions in R
In this page, we will learn various widely-used functions in R.
The following is example functions that we will learn in this section.
1. Look up data and workspace
- print() : Print a value stored in an object to the console
- data() : Pop up help document for built-in functions
- head() : Print the first part of dataset
- ls() : Show a list of variables saved in the workspace.
2. Using R functionality
- help() : Pop up help document for built-in functions
- install.packages() : Pop up help document for built-in functions
- library() : Pop up help document for built-in functions
- example() : Pop up help document for built-in functions
3. Data management
- c() : Generate a vector
- seq() : Generate sequence
- rep() : Replicate the pattern
- sum() : Sum up the values in a vector
- min() : Find a minimum value in a vector
- which.min() : Find index where the minimum value are located in a vector.
Click the next page.


Recipe 1.2. Converting Between Characters and Numeric Codes
Credit: Luther Blissett
Problem
You need to turn a character into its
numeric ASCII (ISO) or Unicode code, and vice versa.
Solution
That's what the built-in functions
ord and chr are for:
>>> print ord('a')
97
>>> print chr(97)
a
The built-in function ord also accepts as its
argument a Unicode string of length one, in which case it returns a
Unicode code value, up to 65536. To make a Unicode string of length
one from a numeric Unicode code value, use the built-in function
unichr:
>>> print ord(u'\u2020')
8224
>>> print repr(unichr(8224))
u'\u2020'
Discussion
It's a mundane task, to be sure, but it is sometimes
useful to turn a character (which in Python just means a string of
length one) into its ASCII or Unicode code, and vice versa. The
built-in functions ord, chr,
and unichr cover all the related needs. Note, in
particular, the huge difference between chr(n) and
str(n), which beginners sometimes confuse...:
>>> print repr(chr(97))
'a'
>>> print repr(str(97))
'97'
chr takes as its argument a small integer and
returns the corresponding single-character string according to ASCII,
while str, called with any integer, returns the
string that is the decimal representation of that integer.
To turn a string into a list of character value codes, use the
built-in functions map and ord
together, as follows:
>>> print map(ord, 'ciao')
[99, 105, 97, 111]
To build a string from a list of
character codes, use ''.join,
map and chr; for example:
>>> print ''.join(map(chr, range(97, 100)))
abc
See Also
Documentation for the built-in functions chr,
ord, and unichr in the
Library Reference and Python in a
Nutshell.
|


Basic computing class.
More...
#include <compute.h>
Basic computing class.
Definition at line 14 of file compute.h.
◆ Compute() [1/3]
◆ Compute() [2/3]
| Compute::Compute |
( |
std::vector< Point > & |
line, |
|
|
Point & |
input_point |
|
) |
| |
Construct a new Compute object.
- Parameters
-
| line | the input line (sequence of points). |
| input_point | the input point that is projected onto the line. |
Definition at line 14 of file compute.cpp.
◆ Compute() [3/3]
| Compute::Compute |
( |
std::string & |
namefile, |
|
|
Point & |
input_point |
|
) |
| |
Construct a new Compute object.
- Parameters
-
| namefile | the file with data. |
| input_point | the input point that is projected onto the line. |
Definition at line 20 of file compute.cpp.
◆ compute_one_projection()
| void Compute::compute_one_projection |
( |
Point & |
begin, |
|
|
Point & |
end |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
◆ compute_projections()
| void Compute::compute_projections |
( |
std::vector< Point > & |
line | ) |
|
|
private |
◆ display_projections()
| void Compute::display_projections |
( |
| ) |
|
◆ get_file_and_input()
| void Compute::get_file_and_input |
( |
std::string & |
namefile, |
|
|
Point & |
input_point |
|
) |
| |
Get the points and input object. After it, This method calls compute_projections.
- Parameters
-
| line | input line (sequence of points). |
| input_point | the input point that is projected onto the line. |
Definition at line 36 of file compute.cpp.
◆ get_line_and_input()
| void Compute::get_line_and_input |
( |
std::vector< Point > & |
line, |
|
|
Point & |
input_point |
|
) |
| |
Get the points from file and input object. After it, This method calls compute_projections.
- Parameters
-
| line | input line (sequence of points). |
| input_point | the input point that is projected onto the line. |
Definition at line 30 of file compute.cpp.
◆ current_parameter
| double Compute::current_parameter |
|
private |
current parameter(use in methods).
Definition at line 93 of file compute.h.
◆ input_point
| Point Compute::input_point |
|
private |
the input point that is projected onto the line.
Definition at line 81 of file compute.h.
◆ parameters
| std::vector<float> Compute::parameters |
|
private |
◆ projections
| std::vector<Point> Compute::projections |
|
private |
found projections.
Definition at line 111 of file compute.h.
◆ segments
| std::vector<unsigned int> Compute::segments |
|
private |
found numbers of segmetns.
Definition at line 99 of file compute.h.
◆ temp_projection
| Point Compute::temp_projection |
|
private |
temp projection (use in methods).
Definition at line 87 of file compute.h.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


--- layout: post title: "Pomorski-Fundusz-Pozyczkowy" date: 2015-04-21 11:12:01 categories: Website ---
Their priority is to support small enterprises operating in the province of Pomerania, by providing low-interest loans.
The company was founded in 2004. They are a self-governing "non-profit" - do not operate for profit. Their offer loans for the development of small businesses are financed by the government, the state budget and the European Union.
Since its inception the Fund granted Pomeranian entrepreneurs more than 4.1 thousand. loans for a total amount exceeding 180 million zł. In their portfolio of more than 40 percent of borrowers are starters.
Created while working for Pixlab.pl
Technologies used:


Maxwell Library
Date: 19/11/2020
From
Maxwell Library
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600
San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>To
Niki Zefanya
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600
San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Invoice #007612
PAID
| No. |
Book Title |
Borrowed On |
Due On |
Late By |
Fine Amount |
| 1 |
Dilan 1990 |
16/11/2020 |
18/11/2020 |
2 Days |
Rp. 10.000 |
| 2 |
Harry Potter |
16/11/2020 |
18/11/2020 |
2 Days |
Rp. 10.000 |


Harlem Globetrotters' trivia knowledge gets put to the test
by Yael HalonTorch George and Big Easy Lofton of the Harlem Globetrotters joined the latest episode of Fox Nation's "Quiz Show" where host Tom Shillue put their knowledge to the test.
Showcasing their iconic tricks, the athletes attempted to teach Shillue to "palm the ball," but the host had a hard time.
"Good try, don't worry about it," Big Easy joked to a struggling Shillue.
The comedian and Fox Nation host had a slew of questions prepared, hoping to stump the athletes with "a trivia test about lunch and things that are purple."
The duo performed surprisingly well considering the off-the-wall nature of the questions, which included movie and film references.
When asked what they thought to be the most popular U.S. office lunch, the athletes guessed "soup and sandwich," but were incorrect -- according to Shillue.
"The answer is Pizza," Shillue corrected.
Other questions included Mickey Mouse, Prince, and many more pop culture references.
To see the full episode and for more TV personalities who have taken the quiz, visit Fox Nation and join today.
 Go to Fox Nation to start a free trial and watch the extensive library from Tomi Lahren, Pete Hegseth, Abby Hornacek, Laura Ingraham, Ainsley Earhardt, Greg Gutfeld, Judge Andrew Napolitano and many more of your favorite Fox News personalities.


Tips on Promise and $http Service
Mon Sep 14, 2015
I’ve been reviewing a lot of Angular code lately. One common problem I found is the unnecessary use of deferred object to resolve and reject promises. In this post, I will illustrate a simplified approach. Another problem is a mix of then, catch, two callbacks in then, success, and error. I will go through each, and propose adopting a single style that can also be applied when using other Promise libraries.
Resolve Promise
The following snippet uses $http service to make a REST call, and resolve the returned data from the response. This is a common pattern I often find in Angular code, however, the code is not optimal (see below).
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Not preferred. Unnecessary usage of deferred
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
function getUser($q, $http) {
var deferred = $q.defer();
$http.get('...').then(function(response) {
deferred.resolve(response.data);
});
return $q.promise;
}
The above code can be simplified to this:
//////////////
// Preferred
//////////////
function getUser($http) {
return $http.get('...').then(function(response) {
return response.data;
});
}
First, the then
function accepts three callbacks: successCallback, errorCallback, and notifyCallback. If you return a value in the successCallback or errorCallback, the returned value will be used to resolve the promise. You don’t have to explicitly call deferred.resolve(response.data)
to resolve the promise. Instead, simply return response.data
in then
’s callback.
Second, the then
function returns a new promise, so no need to use $q
to create a deferred object and return its associated promise. Just return the promise created by then
.
Reject Promise
What about error handling? Using the not preferred example, we can call deferred.reject
in the error callback to reject the promise:
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Not preferred. Unnecessary usage of deferred
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
function getUser($q, $http) {
var deferred = $q.defer();
$http.get('...').then(
function(response) { // Success callback
deferred.resolve(response.data); // Resolve
},
function(response) { // Error callback
deferred.reject(response); // Reject
}
);
return $q.promise;
}
However, a simplified solution is again to use return instead of reject. But, what shall we return? You probably think to return the response in the error callback like this:
function getUser($http) {
return $http.get('...').then(
function(response) {
return response.data;
},
function(response) { // Error callback
return response; // <<< Wrong
// Or return false; // <<< Still wrong
}
);
}
As I mentioned above, values returned from the successCallback or the errorCallback are considered to be resolved values for the promise. So the return response
in the error callback will resolve instead reject the promise. Even when the returned value is falsy, the falsy value will be considered as a resolved value. The correct way is to return a rejected promise using $q.reject(response)
:
//////////////
// Preferred
//////////////
function getUser($q, $http) {
return $http.get('...').then(
function(response) {
return response.data;
},
function(response) { // Error callback
return $q.reject(response); // Use $q.reject
}
);
}
Besides the errorCallback in then
function, Promise has another method – catch
to take an error callback. I personally prefer the then
and catch
pair over the two callbacks in then
for its readability.
///////////////////////
// Catch is preferred
///////////////////////
function getUser($q, $http) {
return $http.get('...').then(
function(response) {
return response.data;
}
).catch( // Catch
function(response) {
return $q.reject(response);
}
);
}
In the above code, then
is used only for success callback. A catch
is basically a then()
without success callback – then(angular.noop, errorCallback)
.
The difference from then(successCallback, errorCallback)
is that catch
is chained of the promise returned by then
. However, the errorCallback in then
is chained of the original promise returned by $http.get()
.
Please be advised that in IE8 catch
has special meaning, so instead of the dot syntax, write ['catch']
. Yes, in IE8, catch
is the catch :)
/////////////////
// Catch in IE8
/////////////////
function getUser($q, $http) {
return $http.get('...').then(
function(response) {
return response.data;
}
)['catch']( // Catch
function(response) {
return $q.reject(response);
}
);
}
If you don’t need to handle the error in the getUser
function shown above, you can drop the entire error callback, and let getUser
’s consuming code to handle the error:
//////////////
// Preferred
//////////////
function getUser($q, $http) {
return $http.get('...').then(function(response) {
return response.data;
});
}
// getUser's consuming code
getUser().then(
function(data) { // Success callback
// Do something about data
},
function(response) { // Error callback
// Handle error state
}
);
Success and Error in $http Service
In old versions (1.3 and less) of Angular, $http service has two additional methods – success() and error(), which are similar to then(), however, the subtle differences are important:
$http.get('')
.success(function(data) {
...
})
.error(function(error) {
...
});
These two methods are deprecated in Angular 1.4 partially for the confusion they introduced. The first argument passed into success
and error
callbacks is not the response object itself, instead, it is the data unwrapped from the response object. However, in then
callback, you call response.data
to retrieve the data. Here is a comparative example:
// Success method
$http.get('').success(function(data) {
$log.log(data);
});
// Then method
$http.get('').then(function(response) {
$log.log(response.data); // <<< See the difference?
});
The second difference is that unlike then
, neither success
nor error
will create and return new promises. The promise they return is the same HTTP promise from $http.get()
.
Overall, I’d recommend not using success
and error
, but adopting then
and catch
. The latter can be found in other Promise libraries, and is already evolved to be a convention.
Conclusion
The usage of a deferred object to resolve and reject promises can be replaced by a simplified style:
Returning a value in success or error callbacks resolves the promise with the returned value.
Returning a rejected promise using
return $q.reject(something)
rejects the promise.
Prefer using catch to provide error callbacks. Change .catch
to ['catch']
in IE8.
Stop using success
and error
.


That Sucks! Better Hope You Registered Your Bike!


Chicago Police Chief to Retire After Three Years on the Job
by LISA KLEINCHICAGO (CN) – Chicago Police Superintendent Eddie Johnson delivered an emotional retirement announcement Thursday after serving for three years as the Windy City’s top cop.
“It’s time for someone else to pin these four stars on their shoulders,” the choked-up superintendent said at a press conference.
“These four stars sometimes feel like carrying the weight of the world,” he added. “This job has taken its toll, but my integrity remains intact. I hope the example I’ve set inspires someone.”
Citing a trip to London with his family, who surrounded him Thursday, Johnson said he “felt like a normal person again” and knew it was time to take a “breather.”
On the force since 1988, Johnson, 60, was appointed in 2016 by former Mayor Rahm Emanuel, who announced his own retirement last year, several months after he fired Garry McCarthy from the top police post amid the scandal over the fatal shooting of black teenager Laquan McDonald.
When Johnson took over, the Chicago Police Department was in rough shape, dealing with fallout from both the killing of McDonald and other officer-involved shootings.
The homicide rate in 2016 was at a several-decade high, and public trust in the police department was at a low.
Adding fuel to the fire, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a scathing report in 2017 detailing the department’s use of excessive force, abuse of power, racial profiling and lack of accountability.
A court-supervised consent decree, forcing sweeping changes onto the department, was finalized last year.
Johnson said Thursday that he has been making headway throughout his tenure as superintendent, which he started during “a tumultuous time for CPD.”
Police shootings are at their lowest level in a decade, he said, down 80% since 2009, and he has worked towards more community involvement and officer education.
Chicago’s murder rate has decreased 31% since 2016, and Johnson said summer shootings are down about the same amount since just last year.
According to the mayor’s office, total shootings are also down 38% since Johnson took charge.
Johnson said he’s been no stranger to gun violence and police brutality, growing up in the now-demolished Cabrini Green housing project before moving to the city’s South Side.
“I could have easily learned to hate this city,” he said. “But my parents taught me to love it.”
“This is my home and it’s the only home I’ve ever known. I wanted to keep Chicago safe,” Johnson continued. “I’m thankful to the people of Chicago for trusting me with their safety.”
Mayor Lori Lightfoot, meanwhile, said Thursday “it’s a tough day, but it’s a good day.”
“Chicago is better because Superintendent Eddie Johnson calls our city home and he dedicated his life to serving it,” the mayor said, adding that “under his watch CPD has made crucial reforms.”
Johnson has also faced health issues over the past several years, undergoing a kidney transplant with a donation from his son in 2017.
Just weeks ago Johnson was found asleep in his parked car by a police officer, saying he became dizzy after a dinner and pulled over. The superintendent later admitted to the mayor that he’d had a couple of drinks but blamed forgetting to take his blood pressure medication on what happened.
The Independent Office of the Inspector General is looking into the incident, although both Johnson and Lightfoot have brushed off its significance. They refused to take questions about the investigation Thursday.
Lightfoot, who has known Johnson for years as president of the Chicago Police Board and a member of the Police Accountability Task Force, said she will be appointing an interim replacement in the next few days.
The Chicago Police Board will also begin the search for a permanent replacement. Johnson will remain superintendent through the end of the year.
Copyright © 2019 courthousenews.com


Links about the upcoming Bioregional/Permaculture gathering in the Tijuana/San Diego region
Last update: 2007-01-07
To be notified when it is possible to register for the gathering, email sdtjpcg -at- gmail.com with “subscribe sdtjpcg-announce” as the subject.
If you would like to help plan the gathering, join the San Diego Tijuana Permaculture Gathering (SDTJPCG) google group.
Relevant Links
- San Diego, California Permaculture Guild Email List
- My email to SDPG from 2006-09-23 asking for help and suggestions
- The Organic Collective
- An email on the SD Ishmael list from 2006-10-01 about the first meeting planned to discuss the gathering.
- San Diego Economic Conversion Council (SDECC) and the San Diego Permaculture Center
- carfreeuniverse listing for San Diego (I need to make an xregion for the bioregion!)
- SD food not lawns has a March event that is related!
Seeding Justice: cultivating a food secure future in San Diego:
An all day conference/festival event to be held on Saturday, March 3rd (first Sat). We envision a day filled with defining, discovering, and doing; strategizing, inspriring, and celebrating. We'll have skill-based workshops (composting, gardening, cooking, etc.), discussions (examining food security in San Diego, globalization, land access, health issues, etc.) and trainings (how do you organize a food focused project, reclaiming space, starting a school garden, etc.) as well as music, kids activities, speakers, garden tours, and of course food!
- The food not lawns email list
- root
Change Log
- 2006-10-01-0930 New page started.
- 2006-10-14-1305 Link to root and to sdfnl event added.
- 2007-01-07-0826 Added info about how to be notified by email regarding planning or conference registration.


For
Description
The for
task iterates over a list, a list of
paths, or any type that has a public iterator()
method. The list will be evaluated first. Nested paths are
evaluated in the order they appear in the task. Nested types
will then be evaluated.
This task is the same as the foreach
task, except that
- it uses a nested
sequential
for each iteration; and - it implements an additional "keepgoing" attribute.
for
makes use of Ant's macrodef
task, so
the @{}
notation is used for parameter substitution.
Parameters
| Attribute | Description | Required |
|---|---|---|
| list | The list of values to process, with the delimiter character, indicated by the "delimiter" attribute, separating each value. |
Yes, one of these need to be set, unless a nested
path has been specified.
|
| end |
Sets the ending index value. If this attribute is set,
the for task will loop from "start" (default 1)
to "end", using "step" (default 1) increments.
|
|
| param | Name of the parameter to pass the tokens or files in as to the sequential. | Yes |
| delimiter | The delimiter characters that separates the values in the "list" attribute. Each character in the supplied string can act as a delimiter. This follows the semantics of the StringTokenizer class. | No, defaults to ",". |
| parallel |
If "true", all iterations of the nested
sequential will execute in
parallel. Defaults to "false", which forces sequential
execution of the iterations. It is up to the caller to
ensure that parallel execution is safe.
|
No |
| keepgoing |
If "true", all iterations of the called
Note that execution does not proceed keepgoing from
one task to the next within the It is up to the caller to ensure that keepgoing execution is safe. |
No |
| threadCount | The maximum number of allowable threads when executing in parallel. | No. Defaults to 5. |
| trim | If "true", any leading or trailing whitespace will be removed from the list item before it is passed to the sequential. | No. Defaults to "false". |
| begin | Sets the starting index value. This in only used if the "end" attribute is set. | No. Defaults to "1". |
| step | Sets the index increment step. This in only used if the "end" attribute is set. | No. Defaults to "1". |
Parameters specified as nested elements
path
Paths are used to select sets of files or directories to iterate over.
Using a path allows you to determine the order by which
files are considered by using
filelists
or explicit pathelements
. You also can specify
whether you want to iterate over files or directories by
choosing either
filesets or
dirsets.
fileset
FileSets are used to select sets of files to iterate over.
dirset
DirSets are used to select sets of directories to iterate over.
sequential
This is the list of tasks to be run for each iteration of the list.
Example
To print out the first five letters of the latin alphabet:
<echo message="The first five letters of the alphabet are:"/> <for list="a,b,c,d,e" param="letter"> <sequential> <echo>Letter @{letter}</echo> </sequential> </for>
A more complicated example to to iterate over a set of C++
source files and invoke the cc
task on them:
<for param="file"> <path> <fileset dir="${test.dir}/mains" includes="*.cpp"/> </path> <sequential> <propertyregex override="yes" property="program" input="@{file}" regexp=".*/([^\.]*)\.cpp" replace="\1"/> <mkdir dir="${obj.dir}/${program}"/> <mkdir dir="${build.bin.dir}"/> <cc link="executable" objdir="${obj.dir}/${program}" outfile="${build.bin.dir}/${program}"> <compiler refid="compiler.options"/> <fileset file="@{file}"/> <linker refid="linker-libs"/> </cc> </sequential> </for>
The preceding example will stop as soon as one of the
cc
tasks fails. If you change the first line of
the example to
<for param="file" keepgoing="true">
All iterations will be executed, and then for
will fail if any one or more of the cc
tasks
failed.
The following example embeds an outofdate type and iterates over the sources that are newer than their corresponding targets.
<ac:for param="xmlfile" xmlns:ac="antlib:net.sf.antcontrib"> <ac:outofdate> <ac:sourcefiles> <ac:fileset dir="${basedir}/xdocs" includes="**/*.xml"/> </ac:sourcefiles> <ac:mapper dir="${basedir}/xdocs" type="glob" from="*.xml" to="${basedir}/docs/*.html"/> </ac:outofdate> <ac:sequential> <echo>Need to generate a target html file from source file @{xmlfile}</echo> </ac:sequential> </ac:for>
The following example loops from one to ten.
<ac:for param="i" end="10"> <sequential> <echo>i is @{i}</echo> </sequential> </ac:for>
The following example counts down from 10 to 0 in steps of -2.
<ac:for param="i" begin="10" step="-2" end="0"> <sequential> <echo>i is @{i}</echo> </sequential> </ac:for>


The kiosk will log all ticket purchases into a Google Sheet. First, you'll need to login to your Google account.


---
layout: post
title: Icon Fonts
---
The facts
Icon fonts are simply fonts that have symbols and glyphs (e.g. arrows, folders, magnifying glasses) instead of standard alphanumeric characters. Icon fonts are like dingbat fonts, but are designed specifically for UIs. Icon fonts, like other web fonts, use the CSS @font-face rule to display icons in web browsers. (Wikipedia)
Advantages
- Resolution Agnostic: Crisp at any resolution, even Retina
- Simple Styling: Edit the styling easily with CSS (color, size, gradient, shadow). Styling can even adjust on the fly.
- Great Performance: Smaller file than image sprites, good for mobile
- Cross-browser support (even IE) Details
- Demo by CSS-Tricks.com
- Examples from Font Awesome
Icon Font Sources
General Icon Fonts
Customizable Icon Font Sets
- Shifticons Build your own icon font from a variety of authors
- Pictos Build your own icon font
- Fontello Build your own icon font from several different libraries
- IcoMoon Build your own icon font and add your own icons
Icon Fonts for Frameworks
Build your own from scratch
Variant: Symbol Fonts
More info:
Should I use Icon Fonts?
Would you enjoy these benefits?
- Resolution Agnostic: Crisp at any resolution, even Retina
- Simple Styling: Edit the styling easily with CSS (color, size, gradient, shadow). Styling can even adjust on the fly.
- Great Performance: Smaller file than image sprites, good for mobile
- Cross-browser support (even IE) Details
Can you overcome these challenges?
- Limited icon icon set: Will a pre arranged set of icons cover your needs or will you need to create your own custom font?
- Not willing to be limited? Try using a stock set with a few custom additions, via IcoMoon.
- If your design requires multiple color icons, icon fonts may not work. Continue using traditional methods, such as image sprites.
- Work-around for multi-color icons: Joel Gillman demonstrates how to stack several icon pieces together.
Get Going
The great thing about the web is that it's so easy to try out new ideas like this. You can quickly this feature onto your site and see it action.


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Learning Portal
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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
public interface WriteMessage
A message used to write data from a SendPort
to one or more
ReceivePort
s.
A WriteMessage
is obtained from a SendPort
through
the SendPort.newMessage
method.
At most one WriteMessage
is alive at one time for a given
SendPort.
When a message is alive and a new message is requested, the requester
is blocked until the live message is finished.
For all write methods in this class, the invariant is that the reads must
match the writes one by one. The only exception to this rule is that an
array written with any of the writeArray
methods can be
read by ReadMessage.readObject
.
In particular, an array written with writeObject
cannot be read with readArray
, because
writeObject
does duplicate detection, and may
have written only a handle.
The writeObject(Object)
and writeString(String)
methods
do duplicate checks if the underlying serialization stream is an object
serialization stream: if the object was already written to this
message, a handle for this object is written instead of the object itself.
When the port type has the PortType.CONNECTION_ONE_TO_MANY
or PortType.CONNECTION_MANY_TO_MANY
capability set,
no exceptions are thrown by write methods in the write message.
Instead, the exception may be passed on to the lostConnection
upcall, in case a SendPortDisconnectUpcall
is registered.
This allows a multicast to continue to the other destinations.
Ultimately, the finish
method will
throw an exception.
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
long |
bytesWritten()
Returns the number of bytes written to this message. |
long |
finish()
If needed, send, and then block until the entire message has been sent and clear the message. |
void |
finish(IOException exception)
This method can be used to inform Ibis that one of the WriteMessage methods has thrown an IOException. |
SendPort |
localPort()
Returns the SendPort of this WriteMessage . |
void |
reset()
Resets the state of any objects already written to the stream. |
int |
send()
Starts sending the message to all ReceivePorts its SendPort is connected to. |
void |
sync(int ticket)
Blocks until the data of the send which returned
the ticket parameter may be used again. |
void |
writeArray(boolean[] value)
Writes an array to the message. |
void |
writeArray(boolean[] value,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a slice of an array. |
void |
writeArray(byte[] value)
Writes an array to the message. |
void |
writeArray(byte[] value,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a slice of an array. |
void |
writeArray(char[] value)
Writes an array to the message. |
void |
writeArray(char[] value,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a slice of an array. |
void |
writeArray(double[] value)
Writes an array to the message. |
void |
writeArray(double[] value,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a slice of an array. |
void |
writeArray(float[] value)
Writes an array to the message. |
void |
writeArray(float[] value,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a slice of an array. |
void |
writeArray(int[] value)
Writes an array to the message. |
void |
writeArray(int[] value,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a slice of an array. |
void |
writeArray(long[] value)
Writes an array to the message. |
void |
writeArray(long[] value,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a slice of an array. |
void |
writeArray(Object[] value)
Writes an array to the message. |
void |
writeArray(Object[] value,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a slice of an array. |
void |
writeArray(short[] value)
Writes an array to the message. |
void |
writeArray(short[] value,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a slice of an array. |
void |
writeBoolean(boolean value)
Writes a boolean value to the message. |
void |
writeByte(byte value)
Writes a byte value to the message. |
void |
writeChar(char value)
Writes a char value to the message. |
void |
writeDouble(double value)
Writes a double value to the message. |
void |
writeFloat(float value)
Writes a float value to the message. |
void |
writeInt(int value)
Writes a int value to the message. |
void |
writeLong(long value)
Writes a long value to the message. |
void |
writeObject(Object value)
Writes a Serializable object to the message. |
void |
writeShort(short value)
Writes a short value to the message. |
void |
writeString(String value)
Writes a String to the message. |
| Method Detail |
|---|
int send() throws IOException
ReceivePorts
its SendPort
is connected to.
Data may be streamed, so the user is not allowed to change the data
pushed into this message, as the send is NON-blocking.
It is only safe to touch the data after it has actually been
sent, which can be ensured by either calling finish()
or
reset()
, or a sync(int)
corresponding to this send.
The send
method returns a ticket, which can be used
as a parameter to the sync(int)
method, which will block until
the data corresponding to this ticket can be used again.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid sync(int ticket) throws IOException
send
which returned
the ticket
parameter may be used again.
It also synchronizes with respect to all sends before that.
If ticket
does not correspond to any send
,
it blocks until all outstanding sends have been processed.
ticket
- the ticket number.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid reset() throws IOException
IOException
- an error occurredlong finish() throws IOException
IOException
- an error occurredvoid finish(IOException exception)
WriteMessage
methods has thrown an IOException.
It implies a finish()
.
exception
- the exception that was thrown.long bytesWritten() throws IOException
IOException
- an error occurred.SendPort localPort()
SendPort
of this WriteMessage
.
SendPort
of this WriteMessage
.void writeBoolean(boolean value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
value
- the boolean value to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeByte(byte value) throws IOException
value
- the byte value to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeChar(char value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
value
- the char value to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeShort(short value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
value
- the short value to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeInt(int value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
value
- the int value to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeLong(long value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
value
- the long value to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeFloat(float value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
value
- the float value to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeDouble(double value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
value
- the double value to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeString(String value) throws IOException
String
to the message.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream can only do byte serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
If the underlying serialization stream is an object serialization
stream, a duplicate check for this String
object
is performed: if the object was already written to this
message, a handle for this object is written instead of
the object itself.
value
- the string to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeObject(Object value) throws IOException
Serializable
object to the message.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream cannot do object serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_OBJECT
).
A duplicate check for this String
object
is performed: if the object was already written to this
message, a handle for this object is written instead of
the object itself.
value
- the object value to write.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(boolean[] value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
This method is just a shortcut for doing:
writeArray(val, 0, val.length);
value
- the array to be written.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(byte[] value) throws IOException
writeArray(val, 0, val.length);
value
- the array to be written.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(char[] value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
This method is just a shortcut for doing:
writeArray(val, 0, val.length);
value
- the array to be written.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(short[] value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
This method is just a shortcut for doing:
writeArray(val, 0, val.length);
value
- the array to be written.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(int[] value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
This method is just a shortcut for doing:
writeArray(val, 0, val.length);
value
- the array to be written.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(long[] value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
This method is just a shortcut for doing:
writeArray(val, 0, val.length);
value
- the array to be written.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(float[] value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
This method is just a shortcut for doing:
writeArray(val, 0, val.length);
value
- the array to be written.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(double[] value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
This method is just a shortcut for doing:
writeArray(val, 0, val.length);
value
- the array to be written.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(Object[] value) throws IOException
PortType.SERIALIZATION_OBJECT
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
This method is just a shortcut for doing:
writeArray(val, 0, val.length);
value
- the array to be written.
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(boolean[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException
off
.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream can only do byte serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
value
- the array to be writtenoffset
- offset in the arraylength
- the number of elements to be written
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException
off
.
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
value
- the array to be writtenoffset
- offset in the arraylength
- the number of elements to be written
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(char[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException
off
.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream can only do byte serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
value
- the array to be writtenoffset
- offset in the arraylength
- the number of elements to be written
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(short[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException
off
.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream can only do byte serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
value
- the array to be writtenoffset
- offset in the arraylength
- the number of elements to be written
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(int[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException
off
.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream can only do byte serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
value
- the array to be writtenoffset
- offset in the arraylength
- the number of elements to be written
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(long[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException
off
.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream can only do byte serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
value
- the array to be writtenoffset
- offset in the arraylength
- the number of elements to be written
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(float[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException
off
.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream can only do byte serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
value
- the array to be writtenoffset
- offset in the arraylength
- the number of elements to be written
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(double[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException
off
.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream can only do byte serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_BYTE
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
value
- the array to be writtenoffset
- offset in the arraylength
- the number of elements to be written
IOException
- an error occurredvoid writeArray(Object[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException
off
.
This method throws an IOException if the underlying serialization
stream cannot do object serialization.
(See PortType.SERIALIZATION_OBJECT
).
No duplicate check is performed for this array!
value
- the array to be writtenoffset
- offset in the arraylength
- the number of elements to be written
IOException
- an error occurred
|
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Free-Fi provisional patent (DRAFT)
Invention to automatically connect to networks using information from other systems
- Connection to secondary network through open network
- Process
- Device D not connected to any network
- Device D detects an Open Network O not requiring any authorization information (e.g. passord, etc)
- Device D attempts to connect to Open Network O
- Open Network O sends authorization information needed to connect to secondary Secure Network S
- Device D connects to Secure Network S
- Notes:
- Device D could be any device capable of connecting to a network such as a laptop, desktop PC, etc.
- Open Network O and Secure Network S can be any type of network such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, wireless USB, Ethernet, near field communications, cellular, SMS, etc.
- Open Network O and Secure Network S can be different types of networks
- Device D does not have to disconnect from Open Network O to connect to Secure Network S
- The Open Network O does not need to allow full connection to respond with authorization information
- The Open Network O could respond with authorization information in multiple ways such as header information instead of a full web page, in packet data, voice or text message, etc.
- The Open Network O could request authentication from Device D (such as an email address, user ID, MAC address, etc) to verify before replying with authorization information for the Secure Network S
- The Open Network O could respond with the same authorization information for all requests or provide different authorization information, even different network IDs
- Examples
- Open Wi-Fi to Secure Wi-Fi
- Device D is a mobile phone that connects to an Open Wi-Fi network
- The Open Wi-Fi network redirects all web access to a web page that displays the SSID and password for secondary hidden Secure Wi-Fi network
- The mobile phone collects the SSID and password from the webpage
- The mobile phone then disconnects from the Open Wi-Fi network
- The mobile phone then connects to the Secure Wi-Fi network
- Open Wi-Fi to Secure Wi-Fi (with authentication)
- Device D is a mobile phone that connects to an Open Wi-Fi network
- The Open Wi-Fi network redirects all web access to a web page that requests authentication (email, MAC address, etc) from the wireless phone
- The Open Wi-Fi network verifies the authentication information, then displays the SSID and password for secondary hidden Secure Wi-Fi network specific for that user (for example using a RADIX, LDAP, or similar service)
- The mobile phone collects the SSID and password from the webpage
- The mobile phone then disconnects from the Open Wi-Fi network
- The mobile phone then connects to the Secure Wi-Fi network
- Cellular message to Secure Wi-Fi
- Device D is a mobile phone that connects to a cellular network
- The mobile phone receives a message (SMS or email) with an SSID and password for a Secure Wi-Fi network
- The mobile phone connects to the Secure Wi-Fi network
- Shared near field or bluetooth data between devices
- Device L is a laptop that is connected to a Secure Wi-Fi network
- Device D is a mobile phone that gets the SSID and password for the Secure Wi-Fi network from Device L through near field or bluetooth communication
- The mobile phone connects to the Secure Wi-Fi network
- Secure Wi-Fi to secondary Secure Wi-Fi
- Device D is a mobile phone that is connected to a Secure Wi-Fi network
- The mobile phone upon request for a web page may receive a response with SSIDs and passwords for other Secure Wi-Fi networks
- The mobile phone caches the authorization information
- The mobile phone then connects to secondary Secure Wi-Fi if disconnected from the first network
- The mobile phone could also connect to both networks at the same time if it has the capability
- The mobile phone may choose to connect to the secondary Secure Wi-Fi even if it is NOT disconnected from the original (for example: better signal, lower cost, greater bandwidth, etc)
- Connection to secure network with a deterministic authorization information
- Process
- Device D starts not connected to any network
- Device D detects an Secure Network S requiring authorization information
- Device D connects to Secure Network S with authorization information calculated from Secure Network S and/or Device D characteristics
- Notes
- The authorization information could constant or depend upon a previously agreed upon algorithm
- The algorithm could use information from Device D, Secure Network S, location, time, etc to determine the authorization information
- The examples given are simple, but the algorithm could use more complex methods to determine the authorization information such as a MD5 hash.
- There could be multiple ways to detect "Free-Fi" networks such as network name pattern (e.g. "Free-Fi", "Free-Fi#0001"), response packets, special headers, etc.
- Examples
- Constant Password for all requests
- Device D is a mobile phone that detects a secure Wi-Fi network named "Free-Fi"
- The mobile phones connects to the secure Wi-Fi network with the password "Free-Fi"
- Constant password plus date
- Device D is a mobile phone that detects a secure Wi-Fi network named "Free-Fi" on August 1st 2014(GMT)
- Device D connect to the secure Wi-Fi network with the password "Free-Fi$2014-08-01"
- 'Hidden' SSID dependent upon date
- Device D is a mobile phone that does not detect any Wi-Fi network, but there is one 'hidden' because it is not broadcasting it's SSID
- On August 1st 2014 (GMT), the mobile phones looks for a Wi-Fi network with a specific SSID named "Free-Fi@2014-08-01"
- The mobile phone connects to the secure Wi-Fi with the password "Free-Fi"
- Password dependent upon secure network SSID
- Device D is a mobile phone that detects a secure Wi-Fi network named "Free-Fi#0001"
- The mobile phone connects to the secure Wi-Fi with the password "Free-Fi$0001"
- Password dependent upon Device D characteristics
- Device D is a mobile phone with a MAC address A1-B2-C3-D4-E5-F6 that detects a secure Wi-Fi network named "Free-Fi"
- The mobile phone connects to the secure Wi-Fi with the password "Free-Fi$ A1-B2-C3-D4-E5-F6"


Curtains
This is the default curtain page. Learn how to change this in the documentation on the
Github repo
.


Priest Flauron:
I'm too busy to help you. Sorry!
(Only characters level 73 and above who possess a Faded Visitor's Mark are permitted to take on the quest.)


Hey! You should see the very top of the page.
Because scrollToAnchorOnFragmentChange
scrolls to top on every route change.
Now go back to the last page.
You should return to the last position (no scroll to the top of the page).
Go back!


QuestioNAS - Dapp
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Vote for any question or create your own question. Keep in mind that you can only vote one time per question and can't be change it.
Extension wallet is not installed, please install it first to use QuestioNAS.