Exception thrown by a Future or Promise object during various errors.
More...
#include <quantum_future_state.h>
Exception thrown by a Future or Promise object during various errors.
◆ FutureException()
| Bloomberg::quantum::FutureException::FutureException |
( |
FutureState |
error | ) |
|
|
inline |
Constructor.
- Parameters
-
| [in] | error | Enum representing the error state. |
◆ what()
| const char* Bloomberg::quantum::FutureException::what |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inlineoverridenoexcept |
Get the encapsulated error message from the exception object.
- Returns
- Error message.


| CONTENTS | PREV | NEXT |
Appendix B:
| B.2.1 Read Using LDAP C-API | B.2.2 Read Using JNDI |
/* * Copyright (c) 1996. Netscape Communications Corporation. All * rights reserved. * * Search the directory for the specific entry * "cn=Barbara Jensen, ou=Product Development, o=Ace Industry, c=US". * Retrieve all attributes from the entry. * */ #include "examples.h" int main( int argc, char **argv ) { LDAP *ld; LDAPMessage *result, *e; BerElement *ber; char *a, *dn; char **vals; int i; /* get a handle to an LDAP connection */ if ( (ld = ldap_init( MY_HOST, MY_PORT )) == NULL ) { perror( "ldap_init"); return( 1 ); } /* authenticate to the directory as nobody */ if ( ldap_simple_bind_s( ld, NULL, NULL ) != LDAP_SUCCESS ) { ldap_perror( ld, "ldap_simple_bind_s" ); return( 1 ); } /* search for Babs entry */ if ( ldap_search_s( ld, ENTRYDN, LDAP_SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(objectclass=*)", NULL, 0, &result ) != LDAP_SUCCESS ) { ldap_perror( ld, "ldap_search_s" ); return( 1 ); } /* for each entry print out name + all attrs and values */ for ( e = ldap_first_entry( ld, result ); e != NULL; e = ldap_next_entry( ld, e ) ) { if ( (dn = ldap_get_dn( ld, e )) != NULL ) { printf( "dn: %s\n", dn ); ldap_memfree( dn ); } for ( a = ldap_first_attribute( ld, e, &ber ); a != NULL; a = ldap_next_attribute( ld, e, ber ) ) { if ((vals = ldap_get_values( ld, e, a)) != NULL ) { for ( i = 0; vals[i] != NULL; i++ ) { printf( "%s: %s\n", a, vals[i] ); } ldap_value_free( vals ); } ldap_memfree( a ); } if ( ber != NULL ) { ber_free( ber, 0 ); } printf( "\n" ); } ldap_msgfree( result ); ldap_unbind( ld ); return( 0 ); }
/* * @(#)Rdentry.java 1.2 99/07/26 * * Copyright (c) 1997, 1999, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * - Neither the name of Oracle nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived * from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ import java.util.Hashtable; import javax.naming.*; import javax.naming.directory.*; /* * Search the directory for the specific entry * "cn=Barbara Jensen, ou=Product Development, o=Ace Industry, c=US". * Retrieve all attributes from the entry. * * [Equivalent to rdentry.c in Netscape SDK] */ class Rdentry { public static void main(String[] args) { Hashtable env = new Hashtable(5, 0.75f); /* * Specify the initial context implementation to use. * This could also be set by using the -D option to the java program. * For example, * java -Djava.naming.factory.initial=com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory \ * Rdentry */ env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, Env.INITCTX); /* Specify host and port to use for directory service */ env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, Env.MY_SERVICE); try { /* get a handle to an Initial DirContext */ DirContext ctx = new InitialDirContext(env); /* Read Babs' entry */ Attributes attrs = ctx.getAttributes(Env.ENTRYDN); if (attrs == null) { System.out.println(Env.ENTRYDN + "has no attributes"); } else { /* print each attribute */ for (NamingEnumeration ae = attrs.getAll(); ae.hasMoreElements();) { Attribute attr = (Attribute)ae.next(); String attrId = attr.getID(); /* print each value */ for (NamingEnumeration vals = attr.getAll(); vals.hasMoreElements(); System.out.println(attrId + ": " + vals.nextElement())) ; } } } catch (NamingException e) { System.err.println("Rdentry example failed."); e.printStackTrace(); } } }


Build Mechanism
Red bold folders/files ... Fixed name folders/files required for build
Grayed thin folders/files ... User defined folders/files optional for build
The picture above depicts how source files are built into output folder.
Only red bold folders/files are recognized as build target. Thin grayed folders/files
will be ignored if they are not referred to by the red bold source files.
src/
and docs/
are customizable via --src/--dst options.
For all available options on build, please check out Usage
Build process varies depending on content type such as html/css/javascript/others.
If you want to go deep as to how SSSG works, please check the source hosted in
GitHub.
Building Stylus for CSS
SSSG build src/css/main.styl
into docs/css/main.css
.
All library files in src/css/lib/
, in the above example,
bootstrap.css
and font-awesome.css
will be just merged into
docs/css/lib.css
.
You can modularize stylus files by utilizing @import
statement. In the example above,
main.styl
imports aaa.styl
. You can break a file into pieces based on
pages.
All files except for main.styl
and the lib files will be ignored
unless they are @import
ed by main.styl
.
In sssg serve
command, build frequencies of main.css
and lib.css
should be noted carefully.
While main.css
is dynamically and frequently updated as you edit source stylus files,
lib.css
is only compiled/updated once sssg serve
launches.
So in case you want to add library files, you need to restart sssg serve
.
Building ES6 Javascript for Browser compatible ES5 Javascript
Building javascript is very similar to building css. Other than file extension and folder name, I can say they are almost the same.
SSSG build src/js/main.js
into docs/js/main.js
.
Although file extension does not change, its content transforms from es6 into
es5, which most modern(~2017) browsers support.
All library files in src/js/lib/
, in the above example,
jquery.js
and bootstrap.js
will be just merged into
docs/js/lib.js
.
.babelrc
SSSG is equipped with babel.
You can put your original .babelrc just under src/js/
so that you use any babel presets/plugins you want.
By .babelrc, for example you can write code in ReactJS(JSX) syntax.
Example for ReactJS
Move to work folder
$ cd [some empty folder]
Install ReactJS(react, react-dom) and babel presets.
$ npm init -y
$ npm install --save-dev react react-dom
$ npm install --save-dev babel-preset-react babel-preset-env
Initialize SSSG
$ sssg init
Create src/js/.babelrc
activating react plugins
{ "presets": ["react", "env"] }
From here you can write ReactJS code. If you want code samples, Check THIS out.
import from node_modues
import
statement works against global/local npm modules.
If you installed SSSG as a local npm module, you can import
modules
in node_modules
folder.
Though importing from npm_modules is helpful, it is not recommended because it imports
npm module into main.js
, not lib.js
.
As well as building stylus, in sssg serve
command, main.js
is dynamically updated and
lib.js
is just compiled once.
It is recommended to put static library files into src/js/lib/
folder to avoid
building overhead.
incremental build in sssg serve
SSSG adopts watchify
, which only compiles modified javascript files
in dependency tree.
As unmodified files are cached and not re-compiled at build time, building speed becomes
incredibly fast!
Building Pug for HTML
Building pug is different to previous ones.
For building stylus and es6, only main.styl
/main.js
or library files are compiled.
For pug, all pug files except for partial pug files under src/html
folder will be compiled.
Please note that src/html/index.pug
and other pug files are build in different process.
Detailed reason about this is described in source code.
partial pug files
A pug file is recognized as partial if :
- its filename ends with ".part.pug" (i.e. layout.part.pug)
- its filename starts with "_" (i.e. _layout.pug)
- its parent folder name starts with "_" (i.e. _common/layout.pug)
These partial pug files will be ignored unless they are extended
or
included
by normal pug files.
You can use this to write sharable html components or store pug variables/mixins.
src/html/index.pug
It is compiled into docs/index.html
by default.
The location of index.html
can be specified via --root|-r
option.
You should be careful to specify local resource(js/css/image) path in the pug file.
When you write
<script src="...">
or <link href="...">
or
<img src="...">
or so, ALWAYS specify its path relative to
the actual path where index.html
will be compiled into.
other .pug files
Unlike the index.pug
, all .pug files except for partial pug files will be compiled into
docs/contents/
.
Folders you create under src/html/
will be preserved and created under the
docs/contents
folder.
Like the index.pug
, local resource path should be carefully specified.
Resource path should be relative to the path where there .pug files will be compiled into.
incremental build in sssg serve
Building html goes incremental, meaning only modified file and files referencing the modified file
will be compiled.
How this is achieved is bit tricky. First, when you edit any pug file in src/html
folder,
all html file in output folder will be deleted.
After this deletion completes, http server in SSSG will send a signal to your browser to reload current page.
When your html request comes to http server by reloading signal, there are no html files yet
because they are all deleted.
Now here is a trick. Http server in SSSG tries to compile only a pug file corresponding to requested html
and returns it to you.
This greatly improves building speed for responsive previewing. In general, building time get longer as
pug files grows. If there are tens of pug files, building time would be over 10 seconds.
But with this build mechanism, building time would be 10 - 100 times faster because html files not requested
yet won't be compiled until you requests it.
Don't forget to rebuild after developing by sssg serve
has done.
Since build mechanism for html/pug is bit abnormal, please take a deep breath before publishing your
files generated in docs/
.
As html files in docs/contents, docs/index.html
might be deleted by last edit,
you should always sssg rebuild
before porting files in docs/
to anywhere.
This is not so comfortable I know. It's trade-off with build performance. I think developing speed matters
than making an effort not to forget sssg rebuild
.
Building Image/Misc files
Image files in src/image/
and misc files in src/misc/
will be
just copied into docs/image
and docs/misc
.


What to watch on Amazon Prime Video Canada in December 2019
NOW critics pick the best additions to the streaming platform, including The Expanse season 4 and Late Night
by NOW StaffWHAT WE CAN’T WAIT TO WATCH
The Expanse (season 4)
Cancelled by Syfy after three years and almost immediately picked up by Amazon, this complex, heavily allegorical sci-fi show about political tensions between the peoples of the colonized solar system reshuffles things considerably in its new season, with the crew of the Rocinante leaving the Earth-Mars war behind to explore the newly colonized world of Ilus – and landing smack in the middle of a new set of problems. Pacific Rim’s Burn Gorman joins the cast as a new character who sure seems like one of those problems. But we’re more interested to see how Cara Gee’s ferocious Belter rebel Drummer figures into the action, and whether producer Naren Shankar uses any recognizable Toronto exteriors for the Ilusian surface. December 13
SOLID BETS
Late Night
Mindy Kaling wrote this sharp and funny look at Hollywood post #OscarsSoWhite and #MeToo, pulling the curtain back on an industry struggling to change while dying to stay relevant. Emma Thompson predictably nails a powerhouse performance as a long-running late-night talk show host who must heed advice from Kaling’s bubbly diversity-hire writer. The movie keeps things likable, accessible and even silly at times, but without compromising its incisive look at how deep biases run in the entertainment industry. Read our review here. December 10
Beverly Hills Cop
As the long-gestating Beverly Hills Cop 4 ramps up at Netflix, Amazon is making the original available. The classic action comedy stars Eddie Murphy as a Detroit detective sniffing out his friend’s murderers on Rodeo Drive. The actor takes every opportunity to needle white people, making them cower hilariously in the presence of a Black man with a loud mouth. The trailblazing comedian is enjoying a renaissance at the moment, with upcoming sequels to Beverly Hills Cop and Coming To America in the works, as well as Oscar chatter surrounding his performance in Dolemite Is My Name. Start the nostalgic retrospectives with this game-changing classic. December 31
List of TV shows and movies coming to Amazon Prime Video Canada in December:
December 1
Bad Santa
Down To You
Four Christmases
Get Santa
Gnomeo And Juliet
I Don’t Know How She Does It
Just Friends
Nativity!
The Nativity Story
No Country For Old Men
Nutcracker In 3D
The Nut Job
Reindeer Games
The Road To Christmas
Santa’s Apprentice
Serendipity
Will And Grace (2017)
Winter Wonderland
December 4
John Wick
December 5
Inside Edge (season 2)
Thursday Night Football – Dallas Cowboys vs. Colorado Bears
December 6
The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel (season 3)
December 10
December 12
Long Shot
Night Hunter
Thursday Night Football – New York Jets vs. Baltimore Ravens
December 13
The Expanse (season 4)
December 15
The Boy 2
Marianne & Leonard: Words Of Love
December 19
December 20
The Aeronauts
December 23
Angel Of Mine
December 29
December 31
American Pie
Beverly Hills Cop
Black Hat
Fifty Shades Of Grey
Monsters Vs. Aliens
Mortdecai
My Spy
Oblivion
Available on Prime Video Channels:
Ongoing
Hallmark Channel’s Countdown to Christmas on W Network (STACKTV)
December 1
Midsomer Murders (season 21) (Acorn TV)
December 4
The Gulf (season 1) (Sundance Now)
December 5
Vikings (season 6) (STACKTV)
December 16
Love Island Australia (season 2)(hayu)
December 26
When Calls The Heart (season 7 – Christmas special) (Super Channel)


《三行情书》 你： “我们？” 我
计算机输出
注释：这些标签常用于显示计算机/编程代码。
WWF's goal is to: Build a future where people live in harmony with nature. We hope they succeed.
Build a future where people live in harmony with nature.


| Title | Date | Description | Current Players | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{event.title}} |
{{event.date}} {{event.startTime}} to {{event.endTime}} |
{{event.description}}
|
|
| Username | Name | Actions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| {{player.username}} | {{player.firstname}} {{player.lastname}} | {{player.email}} |
Edit Event


This project is intended to document a simple algorithm for creating 3 dimensional terrain maps and their likely watercourses.
An explanation of the algorithm can be found here:
https://github.com/mrdunk/flowing-terrain
The map you see is randomly generated. For a new map, either reload the page or regenerate one of the sources under the Tool->Geography menu.
Cursor keys and mouse to move around. Mouse drag button 1 to move, mouse drag button 2 to rotate and mouse-wheel to change altitude.
On a mobile platform, 1 finger drag to move, 2 finger drag to rotate and pinch to change altitude.
This demonstration is made possible by the following projects:
TypeScript. A much saner alternative to vanilla JavaScript in my opinion.
Babylon.js. The excellent web rendering library.
Output
Loading....


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/nth_map.html ---
Do we have something like
lemma nth_le_map {α : Type*} {β : Type*} {l : list α} (n : ℕ) (H: n < length l) (f : α → β) : nth_le (map f l) n ((length_map f l).symm ▸ H) = f (nth_le l n H) :=
It feels a bit weird to stick a proof in the middle of the statement
Am I doing something wrong?
One approach I have used in the past is to have two proof arguments, but this makes rewriting produce proof obligations that look superfluous
And I don't know how to prove it
i.e. you would prove nth_le (map f l) n H1 = f (nth_le l n H2)
You you mean adding (H' : n < length (map f l))
?
ok
I still don't know how to prove it though
Why is this not in mathlib? It looks like it would be useful for many proofs
I'm asking the same question
I would start with nth
since that avoids the proof argument stuff
I also thought that
But I couldn't even state it :disappointed:
Because f
doesn't want an option α
theorem nth_map (f : α → β) : ∀ l n, nth (map f l) n = (nth l n).map f | [] n := rfl | (a :: l) 0 := rfl | (a :: l) (n+1) := nth_map l n theorem nth_le_map (f : α → β) {l n} (H1 H2) : nth_le (map f l) n H1 = f (nth_le l n H2) := option.some.inj $ by rw [← nth_le_nth, nth_map, nth_le_nth]; refl
option.map
takes f : A -> B
to map f : option A -> option B
:open_mouth:
I was clearly missing that option.map
piece
but probably not only that
option
is a functor
is this proven in mathlib / Lean?
yes, because every monad is a functor
and option
is like the very first monad you write
you mean sentence
like when learning what monads are and examples, option
is always the example
Thank you very much Mario. I hope this will also be a good reference next time I'll hit this option
stuff
I still think you could put those two lemmas in mathlib
I'm doing that now
I definitely want more nth
and index_of
theorems, to make it easier to think of list
as finitely supported functions on nat
Great
I was going after something like reverse (range' a b) = map (lam x, ...) (range' a b)
and stuff like that
And was also thinking about defining int_range k n
same as range'
but k
is an integer
and generalizing all the range'
lemmas to this case
That makes sense. I guess you could define range'
generalized to any semiring, although it doesn't have the "consecutivity" property except in nat
and int
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


'Substantial leak' shuts busy road in Suffolk town
by Matthew EarthPart of a major road in a Suffolk town has closed due to a 'substantial' water leak.
A stretch of the A134 Springlands Way, in Sudbury, has shut while Anglian Water engineers repair the leak, which is near the junction of Grenville Road.
Suffolk Constabulary said cars were seen driving through the water but the road has since been closed.
The incident was reported to police at 6.13am, with engineers on the scene just after 7am.
It is not know at this time what caused the leak.
The closure is likely to affect traffic heading to the Bury St Edmunds Christmas Fayre.


|
Rendu
An OpenGL rendering engine for experimentations
|
Represents a controller with a predefined mapping provided by GLFW/SDL. More...
#include <GamepadController.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| bool | activate (int id) override |
| void | deactivate () override |
| void | update () override |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Controller | |
| Controller () | |
| Constructor. | |
| bool | pressed (const Controller::Input &input) const |
| bool | triggered (const Controller::Input &input, bool absorb=false) |
| float | axis (const Controller::Input &input) const |
| int | id () const |
| std::string | name () const |
| std::string | guid () const |
| virtual | ~Controller ()=default |
| Destructor. | |
| Controller (const Controller &)=delete | |
| Controller & | operator= (const Controller &)=delete |
| Controller (Controller &&)=delete | |
| Controller & | operator= (Controller &&)=delete |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Public Types inherited from Controller | |
| enum | Input { ButtonX, ButtonY, ButtonA, ButtonB, BumperL1, TriggerL2, ButtonL3, BumperR1, TriggerR2, ButtonR3, ButtonUp, ButtonLeft, ButtonDown, ButtonRight, ButtonLogo, ButtonMenu, ButtonView, PadLeftX, PadLeftY, PadRightX, PadRightY, InputCount } |
| Controller inputs, based on the Xbox controller layout. | |
| Static Public Member Functions inherited from Controller | |
| static void | saveConfiguration (const std::string &outputPath, const std::string &guid, const std::string &name, const std::vector< int > &axesMapping, const std::vector< int > &buttonsMapping) |
| static bool | parseConfiguration (const std::string &settingsContent, std::vector< int > &axesMapping, std::vector< int > &buttonsMapping) |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from Controller | |
| void | reset () |
| Protected Attributes inherited from Controller | |
| ControllerButton | _buttons [Controller::Input::InputCount] |
| States of all possible buttons. | |
| float | _axes [Controller::Input::InputCount] |
| States of all possible axis. | |
| int | _id = -1 |
| Joystick ID (or -1 if no joystick is connected). | |
| std::string | _name = "Unknown" |
| Name of the joystick. | |
| std::string | _guid = "0x0" |
| GUID of the joystick. | |
Represents a controller with a predefined mapping provided by GLFW/SDL.
Inherits Controller.
|
overridevirtual |
Enable the controller.
| id | the ID of the controller. |
Implements Controller.
|
overridevirtual |
Disable the controller.
Implements Controller.
|
overridevirtual |
Update the internal controller state (once per frame).
Implements Controller.


Hi there! I’m the Head of Machine Learning at Sisu Data, where my (awesome) team of full-stack engineers / scientists and I develop and productionize algorithms for (i) time series analysis; (ii) causal inference; and (iii) large language models (“generative AI”) applied to enterprise data.
Before Sisu, I was a post-doc in the Departments of Statistics and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, where I worked with John Duchi, Stephen Boyd, and Guenther Walther on “AI safety” and understanding “why (modern) machine learning works”. I did my Ph.D. in Machine Learning at Carnegie Mellon University, where I worked with Ryan Tibshirani and Zico Kolter on statistics, machine learning, and optimization, with applications to sustainable energy, education policy, and quantitative finance.
And before Stanford and Carnegie Mellon, I worked at Microsoft and Microsoft Research on Bing for a number of years, doing applied machine learning (see here for more info).
research interests
I'm broadly interested in statistics, machine learning, and optimization. I'm also interested in lots of applications: to finance, operations research, public policy, social good, sustainability, epidemiology, healthcare, autonomous vehicles, analytics, ...
A lot of my recent work has focused on building reliable and trustworthy machine learning systems, by taking a close look at the (many) statistical and computational issues that arise after a machine learning model has been deployed into real-world systems and scientific applications. To tackle these issues, my fantastic collaborators and I have developed:
- methodology and associated theory that tracks deployed model performance, raises an alarm when performance degrades, and generates interpretable diagnostics
- methodology and theory that repairs and protects any deployed model from future degradations in performance without retraining it
- reliable algorithms for (re)training models without carefully tuning step sizes
- statistical theory advancing our understanding of popular optimization heuristics
- distribution shift, robust optimization, subpopulation-level performance
- conformal inference, distribution-free uncertainty quantification, weak supervision
- large-scale multiple testing
- risk estimation and model selection
- tuning parameter-free stochastic optimization
- sparse regression
- implicit regularization
some representative papers
Here are some (representative) papers related to the above topics.| The Lifecycle of a Statistical Model: Model Failure Detection, Identification, and Refitting. paper] | [|
| Robust Validation: Confident Predictions Even When Distributions Shift. paper] | Journal of the American Statistical Association (accepted with revisions), 2021. [|
| A Continuous-Time View of Early Stopping for Least Squares. paper] | International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2019. [|
| Minimizing Oracle-Structured Composite Functions. paper] | Optimization and Engineering, 2021. [
all papers
- The Lifecycle of a Statistical Model: Model Failure Detection, Identification, and Refitting. [paper]
- A Comment and Erratum on "Excess Optimism: How Biased is the Apparent Error of an Estimator Tuned by SURE?". [paper]
- Predictive Inference with Weak Supervision. [paper]
- Accelerated Gradient Flow: Risk, Stability, and Implicit Regularization. [paper]
- Computationally Efficient Posterior Inference With Langevin Monte Carlo and Early Stopping. [paper]
- Minimizing Oracle-Structured Composite Functions. Optimization and Engineering (accepted with revisions), 2021. [paper] [code]
- Minimum-Distortion Embedding. Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, 2021. [paper] [code]
- Robust Validation: Confident Predictions Even When Distributions Shift. Journal of the American Statistical Association (accepted with revisions), 2021. [paper]
- The Implicit Regularization of Stochastic Gradient Flow for Least Squares. International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2020. [paper] [blog]
- Confidence Bands for a Log-Concave Density. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics (accepted with revisions), 2020. [paper]
- A Continuous-Time View of Early Stopping for Least Squares. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2019. [paper] [blog]
- The Generalized Lasso Problem and Uniqueness. Electronic Journal of Statistics, 2019. [paper]
- Communication-Avoiding Optimization Methods for Distributed Massive-Scale Sparse Inverse Covariance Estimation. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2018. [paper] [code]
- A Semismooth Newton Method for Fast, Generic Convex Programming. International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2017. [paper] [code]
- Generalized Pseudolikelihood Methods for Inverse Covariance Estimation. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2017. [paper] [code]
- The Multiple Quantile Graphical Model. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 29 (NeurIPS), 2016. [paper]
- Disciplined Convex Stochastic Programming: A New Framework for Stochastic Optimization. Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), 2015. [paper]
- Active Learning With Model Selection. AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2014. [paper]
- Experiments With Kemeny Ranking: What Works When?. Mathematical Social Sciences, 2012. [paper] [code]
- Learning Lexicon Models from Search Logs for Query Expansion. Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL), 2012. [paper]
- Preferences in College Applications: A Nonparametric Bayesian Analysis of Top-10 Rankings. Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) Workshop on Computational Social Science, 2010. [paper] [supplement]


We only store as many coins as required for daily operation onsite. The rest of the coins are stored offsite. This means, that even in the unlikely event of a breach, our loss is limited.
The bot is 100% free to use, you only pay the network fee on withdrawal
There is a Premium tier, which unlocks special/extra/advanced features. This does not affect the basic user though
We strive for an uptime of over 99%
If we're unable to meet this for a longer time period, we'll give everyone a month of premium free of charge
rain
, or distribute crypto among all online users using soak


UNESCO and the Palestinians (updated)
19 Oct 2015Tomorrow, UNESCO will vote on a Palestinian proposal to recognize the Temple Mount as a Muslim World Heritage site.
Before we jump into the numerous outrageous aspects of this proposal, let us make one thing clear: Regardless of whether Muhammad’s “Night Journey” actually happened or whether it involved Jerusalem, Muslims clearly believe this to be the case and have acted in such a manner for hundreds of years. Therefore, recognizing a Muslim connection to these sites and the history behind them is not in and of itself a problem as long as other appropriate historical and religious connections (cough Jewish cough) are highlighted as well. Israel itself recognizes and explains to visitors the Muslim connection to these places, protects it and invests in archaeology to uncover the history of the Land of Israel regardless of whether that history is Muslim, Jewish, Christian or Pagan.
Now that we have that out of the way, let’s examine just how absurd this proposal actually is:
First, the idea that anyone could submit a proposal to anything, let alone UNESCO, about the Western Wall and Temple Mount and fail to mention any connection to Judaism and Jewish history is disgusting. This is like having a discussion about the Vatican without mentioning Catholicism. It would have been incredibly easy for this proposal to include both the Hebrew and Arabic terms for these places and explain the importance they hold for both religions (any Christianity). Had it done so, this proposal would deserve support. However, the goal of the Palestinian proposal is not to recognize Muslim history but rather only to rewrite history in a way that removes any reference to Jews, Judaism and Israel.
Second, the proposal itself actually complains about archaeological digs being done by Israel near the site. This is duplicitous for two reasons:
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Any UNESCO resolution should welcome archaeological digs that seek to uncover and preserve history. But as we’ve already established, this is anathema to the Palestinian bid.
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The main archaeological digs being condemned here include The Temple Mount Sifting Project that goes through mounds of destroyed archaeological debris that was illegally removed from the Temple Mount by the Waqf! The Waqf and Palestinian Authority have been carrying out unauthorized destruction of irreplaceable artifacts on the Temple Mount for years and instead of stopping it and provoking a violent reaction (clearly this is working!) Israel has allowed this to continue and makes the best of a horrible situation by sifting through the destruction. If this wasn’t enough, the Palestinians are openly complaining that Israel is trying to undo their illegal destruction of history!
Third, the Palestinians condemn Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat’s call for “citizens to bear arms in light of recent terror wave.” You read that correctly. The proposal does not condemn the wave or terror itself or the incitement causing it, but rather attempts by Israelis to defend themselves against it!
Fourth, it condemns Israel for “illegal measures taken against the freedom of worship and access of Muslims to Al-Aqsa Mosque.” While asserting that Jews have no rights whatsoever on the Temple Mount, the Palestinians, without a trace of irony, complain that their freedom of worship is being impinged. Given that over 4 million Muslims visited the Temple Mount last year while only 12,500 Jews did the same, this claim would be laughable if it wasn’t being taken seriously.
The Palestinians are complaining that Israel has periodically instituted restrictions on who can enter the compound as a result of Palestinian violence at the site, while ignoring the violence that prompted the restrictions in the first place! Cause and effect is apparently a concept the Palestinians either cannot or refuse to understand.
Fifth, the Palestinians complain of “Israel’s attempts to break the status quo since 1967.” The JPF has already debunked the “1967 Status Quo” fallacy. But what is important to recognize here is that since the Palestinians insist that only Muslims be allowed to pray at al-Aqsa, now that they are demanding the Western Wall be recognized as part of al-Aqsa, they are essentially saying they want all Jewish prayer there to stop as well!
Sixth, this proposal again calls for an end to the “attacks on al-Aqsa” by “right-wing extremists.” Who cares if no such attacks have ever happened, Abbas has been pushing this lie for too long to stop now. He already repeated it at the UNGA in front of heads of state from around the world, so why not repeat it to UNESCO.  Clearly not the Palestinians.
Given the Arab-Muslim majority, there is every indication that this resolution will pass… along with any remaining doubts about UNESCO’s impartiality.
###Updates
After a bit of outrage from UNESCO’s Director-General and some Western countries, the resolution dropped its call to reclassify the Western Wall as a Muslim site. Also removed were references to Jerusalem as the “occupied capital of Palestine” and condemnations of calls for Israeli citizens to bear arms to defend themselves against Palestinian terror. The other major outrages remain without any mention in the press of course.
However, the new resolution did recognize Rachel’s Tomb in Bethlehem and the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron as Muslim holy sites (something that wasn’t widely reported as journalists focused solely on the Western Wall drama). Recognizing the Tomb of the Patriarchs as holy to Muslims in addition to Jews would be fine and appropriate but that is not what happened. There is no recognition of Jewish attachment to this, the Second Holiest site in Judaism. But given that the Temple Mount (the First Holiest) isn’t recognized either, this should be no surprise. (UNESCO did recognize both claims in 2010, but did not upload that in this new resolution).
The Elder of Ziyon has a great post regarding Rachel’s Tomb, which was not treated as a Muslim holy site until very recently (they started in the ’90s and only changed to the new name in official textbooks in 2001) and is claimed to be a mosque honoring someone without any connection to the biblical Rachel.
Given that this new claim has no historical basis, was not a firmly held belief among Muslims and only arose when Israel asserted its claim over the site, it is not appropriate to treat this site as the others and recognize both claims as though they are equal. An ancient and long sustained claim and presence is superior to a new, politically motivated claim that has no historical basis.
But, given that the entire Palestinian national project is based upon the exact opposite being true, we shouldn’t be surprised that they continue to invent new claims. Sadly, the world continues to uncritically accept them.


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For all numeric entries, enter a number 0 or greater. For all text entries (detailing other), enter all other options separated by commas. Enter n/a if no "other".
Note: If uploading data for months not already on the dashboard, please enter data chronologically.


lib/uuid.js:3
Casson is a Object Data Model with asynchronous CQL binary protocol library to interact with Cassandra.
Pool, Table and Select, Insert, and Update are the core set of classes for Casson.
Casson
This module provides the following classes:


B.S. in Computer Science. I have a good experience in C#, ASP.Net, SQL and HTML. I've lived in Cyprus for 3 years and worked in different fields, so I'm doing a Maste's degree in CS to sharpen my skills and refresh my knowledge. My favorite CS-related topics are Software Engineering, OOP, Database Design and Marketing,in addition, I'm very intrested in Human-Computer Interaction, Social Informatics and Computer Science education research. My graduation project was developing a Web-based student attendance system for my university using ASP.NET, C#, MySql.
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View ProjectLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Omnis, temporibus, dolores, at, praesentium ut unde repudiandae voluptatum sit ab debitis suscipit fugiat natus velit excepturi amet commodi deleniti alias possimus!
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#include <fc/crypto/aes.hpp>
#include <fc/crypto/openssl.hpp>
#include <fc/exception/exception.hpp>
#include <fc/fwd_impl.hpp>
#include <fc/io/fstream.hpp>
#include <fc/log/logger.hpp>
#include <fc/thread/thread.hpp>
#include <fc/io/raw.hpp>
#include <boost/endian/buffers.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/mutex.hpp>
#include <openssl/opensslconf.h>
#include <openssl/crypto.h>
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Alex Myers
Media artworks and installations.
By examining the ambiguity and origination via retakes and variations, Myers investigates the dynamics of landscape, including the manipulation of its effects and the limits of spectacle based on our assumptions of what landscape means to us. Rather than presenting a factual reality, an illusion is fabricated to conjure the realms of our imagination.
His media artworks question the conditions of appearance of an image in the context of contemporary visual culture in which images, representations and ideas normally function. By exploring the concept of landscape in a nostalgic way, he tries to increase the dynamic between audience and author by objectifying emotions and investigating the duality that develops through different interpretations.
His works establish a link between the landscape’s reality and that imagined by its conceiver. These works focus on concrete questions that determine our existence. By studying sign processes, signification and communication, he makes work that generates diverse meanings. Associations and meanings collide. Space becomes time and language becomes image.
His works never shows the complete structure. This results in the fact that the artist can easily imagine an own interpretation without being hindered by the historical reality.
Alex has exhibited at NP3 in Groningen, Nikolaj Kunsthallen in Copenhagen, Lab for Electronic Art and Performance, Berlin, Interaccess in Toronto, FACT in Liverpool, and LACDA in Los Angeles, among others.
Alex received his MFA(Hons) in Interactive Media & Environments at The Frank Mohr Instituut of the Hanze University of Applied Science in Groningen, The Netherlands in 2009.
In addition to making all sorts of weird stuff, Alex is an Assistant Professor of Interaction Design at Creighton University in Omaha, NE.
Alex also occasionally mentors at the Kent Bellows Studio and Center for Visual Arts and give talks and workshops about Games, Interaction Design and New Media Art.


Mark Hutchings announced as ambassador for Pearllargo Equestrian in the Park at Victoria Park
Horse jumping is getting a metropolitan backdrop as the unique sporting event shifts from valley to Victoria Park.
In a bid to attract socialites and punters to a different kind of horse sport, the sixth year of the Pearllargo Equestrian in the Park event is poised to be its biggest yet, thanks in part to Mark Hutchings’ celebrity clout.
“It’s probably the only show jumping event that’s really brought into the city throughout the year ... in and around the city for people who don’t often get to see it,” Hutchings told AAA.
The West Coast Eagle will be the spectator this time as event ambassador, something not evenPerth’s Melbourne Cup festivities featured, enjoying the suiting one last time before swapping trousers for footy shorts.
“It’s been a nice break, I went to LA for just under two weeks and went to Melbourne for the spring racing carnival, so it’s been good,” Hutchings said.
The event takes place on the Victoria Park foreshore on Saturday, November 30, and while Hutchings might be “itching” to get back into training and footy after 11 weeks, he hasn’t ruled out a few of his teammates making an appearance.
“It’s a couple of days before our first training session so they won’t be getting too loose,” he said.
The event attracts a field of international competitors and Olympians, and plenty of marquees.
“There’s food trucks, plenty of drinks around the showjumping course, and it’s sort of just constant action throughout the day,” Hutchings said.
“There’s always a horse going round the jumps and yeah you can kind of just move in and out of the action, and it’s good you can bring a few friends along, have a few drinks.”


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The Cutting Edge
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Do you believe content is king?
No matter how much website information is out there,
there are still people who randomly create sites which look
pretty but do nothing or even worse, have valuable information
but look so bad or are so slow to load that no-one ever sees them.
Years ago, when the Internet started to catch on, people liked the
"cool" sites and the "awesome" graphics and were prepared to wait for them.
They didn't care that the content was slim, they were just thrilled to be
looking at pretty sites. As the Internet evolved, so too did its surfers.
These days surfers want information and they want it quickly. They are done with "pretty" sites
and want the useful ones instead. For example, if you are cat lover and had two sites to choose
from - one had lots of cute pictures of cats, the other just one picture but a lot of information
about how to care for cats, the food they prefer, the different breeds etc - which one would you
go back to? You would probably look at the graphic rich site first, just out of curiosity and
immediately forget about it afterwards, but you would then continue to go back to the site which
has all the information about cats regardless of the fact that it doesn't have a lot of
pictures!
More on
Rules to Better Websites - Navigation.
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Cheers until next time,
Adam SSW Chief
Architect and Microsoft Regional Director, Australia
Got a comment for Adam?
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Sydney .NET User Group - The best place to learn .NET for free in Sydney
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Learn how to apply MVC methodologies in
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The first 30 people through the door
will receive a free SSW Showbag loaded
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Wednesday 15th June 5:45 pm at Microsoft, 1 Epping Road North Ryde
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SSW Team Calendar - Share your
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List of DB files
List of exams
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Exercise
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Exam sections
Global pool of questions (for this DB)


Before now, me as a undergraduate student, I was parsimony who usually depend on colab, kaggle, friend’s server(occasional) whenever i need GPU.. And this time it’s been for a while to install GPU than I expected and I share the several component that stood in my way. Written at Oct 24 2019, if you think this is deprecated, please do not have a leap of faith.
At the first time when GCP came out, there was no AI Platform service. So from starting vm instance to launching jupyter and installing packages, I did all of the things myself. (but I learned 🤗)
$ curl -O https://repo.continuum.io/archive/Anaconda3-5.0.1-Linux-x86_64.sh
[Downloading conda in ssh]
I created VM instance,selected zone, machine type and disk type. Then, define firewall rules and in ssh terminal, install jupyter and other packages.
But you can do all of these things AI Platform.
[AI Platform]
I think if you are at Asia-Pacific, it can save your time.
I live in South Korea, East Asia, and it seems like this region has lots of limitation in GPU (except quite expensive AWS).
And the Taiwan which was the only one region where I can launch my own VM with GPU (I tried all the other regions in the list) sometimes do normaly, but not always. 😥
After launching, I did several works and next day I could not start VM. (I didn’t count it, but tried it a few hours because I didn’t want cost any more time…)
Endlessly failed to start instance, then I choose to move AWS as an alternative way.
Fast.ai offer the guide for all available platform. (Colab, salamander, Gradient, Kaggle, Colab, and so on)
It is so important, and really needs, because cloud computing options are vary as occasion and purpose arise.
I didn’t know fast.ai has manual to running GCP, and I think it’s as good a reason as any for me to be have taken time.
It helped me so much when I had aws and shortened time.
I don’t want to read all of the manual in amazno.. (It is recommended.. but I’d rather read GIT PRO for now…)
ssh -i ~/.ssh/
Since Elastic Block Store(EBS) storage supports optimized storage, users can’t extend storage volume two times in a row.
Unfortunately, at the first time, I didn’t know it (again 👻) and when VM lacked volume, I doubled dist capacity (76*2) at a rough but It needs more.
<!–
this time I installed GPU in two years, and it became little complicated compared to 2 years ago. And this time for the first time(maybe not the first time.. but i handled it in my class or with my friend. but it’s my first time on my own.) I very I’m started to using used google colab, kaggle and, GCP-JupyterLab, ec2 - friend made, aws vm machine but I had a environment variable but i did not know of it. On these days, I could not get a resources from taiwan…
I couldn’t notice a deliberate
Anyway, as a result I tried myself gcp myself and aws ec2 with fast.ai But I think doing on my self surely takes much time (in this point I wonder why I’m doing this, and should remind me, especially I was studying disk volume optimization)


Scale
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Oops ... your browser doesn't support the HTML5 canvas element


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layout: page
title: 关于本人
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- Xiaobo Wu（吴小波）, 主要从事陆面过程模拟、遥感图像信息智能提取、深度学习与计算机视觉、地理信息系统的设计与开发等.
- He is currently working on Land surface modeling, remote sensing image intelligent information extraction, deep learning and computer vision,
geographic information system design and development, etc.
- Any questions, just feel free to contact me at Email: wavelet2008@163.com


The first flat in Battersea Power Station is now complete – we take a look inside
by Helen CranePlenty of property developers try to brand their latest apartment block as ‘iconic,’ which, nice as many of them are, is usually a bit of a stretch. The redevelopment of Battersea Power Station into 253 luxury flats and a new headquarters for Apple doesn’t have that problem, however.
Other than a three-year hiatus from 2015 while the damaged columns were replaced, its towers have been a stalwart of London’s skyline since the 1930s and have featured in everything from Hitchcock films to The Beatles’ Help! to a Pink Floyd album cover.
But when you redevelop such an iconic building, there is pressure to create something worthy of the structure it inhabits.
So what do the new flats look like?
City A.M took a tour of the first apartment to be completed within the original grade II*-listed power station with designer Tim Boyd of Michaelis Boyd – which also designed the interiors for Soho House and the Groucho Club – and Battersea Power Station’s UK sales director Georgia Siri.
‘Not cookie cutter apartments’
The apartment is situated on the second floor of the old Turbine Hall A, on the Western side of the power station. Boyd says there were 174 different floor plans for the 253 apartments, because there were so many parts of the building’s structure that could not be altered due to it being listed.
“The floor plans had to be tailored to the building – these are not a cookie cutter apartments,” he says. Most of the flats have long been sold, but when they came on the market in 2013 one-beds like this one started from £1m, while four-bed family homes started from £4m.
The apartments span eight floors and are accessed via wide corridors, some of them on mezzanines, with original brickwork and steel rivets along the walls. These walls will separate the apartments from the offices, shops and leisure space in the central part of the building, which they run around the outside of.
Features like the runner leading up to each apartment, the heavy wooden door and the long internal hallway within the flats signal a higher specification than many new builds and the apartment feels spacious for a one-bed.
The developers have always insisted that people have bought these flats to live in, not just as investments, and the care they have taken in fitting them out would seem to back that up. “It’s a place for people to live in rather than just exist in,” says Siri. “It is about owning a piece of heritage and history – the apartments have been bought by people who want to pass them down through their families.”
Inspired by the art deco ‘glory years’
The original 1930s brickwork and steelwork are exposed, and the industrial theme is continued in the floor-to-ceiling crittal windows and cast-iron column radiators, which are painted black. The apartment was dressed by th2designs.
There are two colour palettes for buyers to choose from: Heritage 33 and Heritage 47. The power station was designed in two parts, and the palettes reflect those two eras. Heritage 33, on display in this apartment, uses bold materials and textures inspired by the power station’s art deco glory years when it produced more than a fifth of London’s electricity.
Boyd says this is referenced in everything from the toggle light switches to the bathroom which is fully tiled in teal and dark green with gold finishes. “Those colours were based on the colours of the original turbine hall,” he explains. “I like its relation to the rest of the building – it’s not like any other new development.”
The finishes are designed to last, too. “The lacquered brass in the kitchen will improve with age, as will the chevron flooring,” says Boyd.
The power station may have an impressive history, but this apartment shows there’s plenty of life left in it yet.


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MACHINE LEARNING
Here you can train the brayn and use it for your future predictions
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This pane supports a list of visualization options.
Choose a plot from the dropdown list under 'UPDATE YOUR PLOT' to present your data. You can then customize the visualization by selecting the appropriate columns to add to the chart axes and parameters. Once done, click the 'CHANGE THE PLOT' button to update the chart.


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Uses of Interface
com.opengamma.strata.collect.named.Named
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Packages that use Named Package Description com.opengamma.strata.basics.date Tools for working with dates.com.opengamma.strata.basics.index Entity objects describing common market indices, such as LIBOR and FED FUND.com.opengamma.strata.basics.schedule Basic financial tools for working with date-based schedules.com.opengamma.strata.basics.value Basic financial tools for working with values.com.opengamma.strata.calc Calculates risk measures on trades, applies scenarios and manages market data.com.opengamma.strata.collect Root package for common data structures used by Strata.com.opengamma.strata.collect.io Provides utilities for the management of input and output.com.opengamma.strata.collect.named Named data structures.com.opengamma.strata.collect.result Result data structures.com.opengamma.strata.data Basic types to model market data.com.opengamma.strata.loader.csv Loader that reads market data from CSV files.com.opengamma.strata.loader.fpml Loader that can convert files to financial instruments.com.opengamma.strata.market Data structures for market data.com.opengamma.strata.market.curve Definitions of curves.com.opengamma.strata.market.curve.interpolator Interpolators for interpolating in one and two dimensions.com.opengamma.strata.market.explain Support for explaining results.com.opengamma.strata.market.model Market data related to pricing models.com.opengamma.strata.market.option Entity objects for options.com.opengamma.strata.market.sensitivity Entity objects for sensitivities.com.opengamma.strata.market.surface Definitions of surfaces.com.opengamma.strata.math.impl.interpolation com.opengamma.strata.measure.fxopt Calculation functions for FX option products.com.opengamma.strata.pricer Calculators for financial instruments.com.opengamma.strata.pricer.bond Calculators for bonds.com.opengamma.strata.pricer.capfloor Calculators for Ibor cap-floor.com.opengamma.strata.pricer.common Common code for pricing.com.opengamma.strata.pricer.credit Calculators for credit instruments, such as Credit Default Swap (CDS).com.opengamma.strata.pricer.fxopt Calculators for FX options.com.opengamma.strata.pricer.index Calculators for products based on rate indices, such as Short Term Interest Rate futures (STIRs).com.opengamma.strata.pricer.swaption Calculators for swaptions.com.opengamma.strata.product Entity objects describing trades and products in financial markets.com.opengamma.strata.product.bond Entity objects describing bonds.com.opengamma.strata.product.cms Entity objects describing Constant Maturity Swap (CMS) or CMS cap/floor.com.opengamma.strata.product.common Entity objects shared between other packages.com.opengamma.strata.product.credit Entity objects describing Credit Default Swap (CDS) and CDS index.com.opengamma.strata.product.credit.type Conventions and templates to aid the construction of credit instruments.com.opengamma.strata.product.deposit.type Conventions and templates to aid the construction of deposits.com.opengamma.strata.product.etd Entity objects describing Exchange Traded Derivatives (ETDs).com.opengamma.strata.product.fra Entity objects describing a forward rate agreement (FRA).com.opengamma.strata.product.fra.type Conventions and templates to aid the construction of FRAs.com.opengamma.strata.product.fx.type Conventions and templates to aid the construction of foreign exchange products.com.opengamma.strata.product.index.type Conventions and templates to aid the construction of rate index products.com.opengamma.strata.product.option Entity objects describing common option concepts.com.opengamma.strata.product.swap Entity objects describing a swap.com.opengamma.strata.product.swap.type Conventions and templates to aid the construction of rate swaps.com.opengamma.strata.product.swaption Entity objects describing options on swaps, known as swaptions. -
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Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.basics.date
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.basics.date Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
BusinessDayConvention
A convention defining how to adjust a date if it falls on a day other than a business day.interface
DateSequence
A series of dates identified by name.interface
DayCount
A convention defining how to calculate fractions of a year.interface
HolidayCalendar
A holiday calendar, classifying dates as holidays or business days.interface
PeriodAdditionConvention
A convention defining how a period is added to a date.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.basics.date that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
HolidayCalendarId
An identifier for a holiday calendar.class
ImmutableHolidayCalendar
An immutable holiday calendar implementation. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.basics.index
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.basics.index Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
FloatingRate
An index or group of indices used to provide floating rates, typically in interest rate swaps.interface
FloatingRateIndex
An index used to provide floating rates, typically in interest rate swaps.interface
FloatingRateName
A floating rate index name, such as Libor, Euribor or US Fed Fund.interface
FxIndex
An index of foreign exchange rates.interface
IborIndex
An inter-bank lending rate index, such as Libor or Euribor.interface
Index
An index of values, such as LIBOR, FED FUND or daily exchange rates.interface
OvernightIndex
An Overnight index, such as Sonia or Eonia.interface
PriceIndex
An index of prices.interface
RateIndex
A index of interest rates, such as an Overnight or Inter-Bank rate.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.basics.index that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
FloatingRateType
The type of a floating rate index.class
ImmutableFloatingRateName
An immutable floating rate index name, such as Libor, Euribor or US Fed Fund.class
ImmutableFxIndex
A foreign exchange index implementation based on an immutable set of rules.class
ImmutableIborIndex
An Ibor index implementation based on an immutable set of rules.class
ImmutableOvernightIndex
An overnight index, such as Sonia or Eonia.class
ImmutablePriceIndex
A price index implementation based on an immutable set of rules. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.basics.schedule
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.basics.schedule Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
RollConvention
A convention defining how to roll dates.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.basics.schedule that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
StubConvention
A convention defining how to calculate stub periods. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.basics.value
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.basics.value that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
ValueAdjustmentType
The type of value adjustment. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.calc
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.calc Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
Measure
Identifies a measure that can be produced by the system.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.calc that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
ColumnName
The name of a column in the grid of calculation results.class
ImmutableMeasure
The default, immutable implementation ofMeasure
.class
ReportingCurrencyType
The available types of reporting currency. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.collect
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.collect that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
TypedString<T extends TypedString<T>>
An abstract class designed to enable typed strings. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.collect.io
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.collect.io that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
AsciiTableAlignment
Alignment of the data within an ASCII table.class
ByteSourceCodec
Encodes and decodes common data formats. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.collect.named
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.collect.named with type parameters of type Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
CombinedExtendedEnum<T extends Named>
Combines multiple extended enums into one lookup.class
ExtendedEnum<T extends Named>
Manager for extended enums controlled by code or configuration.static class
ExtendedEnum.ExternalEnumNames<T extends Named>
Maps names used by external systems to the standard name used here.interface
NamedLookup<T extends Named>
A lookup for named instances.Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.collect.named Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
NamedEnum
A named enum instance.Methods in com.opengamma.strata.collect.named with type parameters of type Named Modifier and Type Method Description static <R extends Named>
CombinedExtendedEnum<R>CombinedExtendedEnum. of(Class<R> type)
Obtains a combined extended enum instance.static <R extends Named>
ExtendedEnum<R>ExtendedEnum. of(Class<R> type)
Obtains an extended enum instance.static <T extends Named>
TNamed. of(Class<T> type, String name)
Obtains an instance of the specified named type by name. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.collect.result
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.collect.result that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
FailureReason
Represents the reason why failure occurred. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.data
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.data that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
FieldName
The name of a field in a market data record.class
MarketDataName<T>
A name for an item of market data.class
ObservableSource
Identifies the source of observable market data, for example Bloomberg or Reuters. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.loader.csv
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.loader.csv Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
PositionCsvParserPlugin
Pluggable CSV position parser.interface
TradeCsvParserPlugin
Pluggable CSV trade parser.interface
TradeCsvWriterPlugin<T extends Trade>
Pluggable CSV trade writer.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.loader.csv that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
FxNdfTradeCsvPlugin
Handles the CSV file format for FxNdf trades.class
FxSingleBarrierOptionTradeCsvPlugin
Handles the CSV files format for FX Single Barrier Option trades.class
GenericSecurityTradeCsvPlugin
Handles the CSV file format for Generic Security trades.class
IborCapFloorTradeCsvPlugin
Handles the CSV file format for CapFloor trades.class
SecurityTradeCsvPlugin
Handles the CSV file format for Security trades. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.loader.fpml
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.loader.fpml Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
FpmlParserPlugin
Pluggable FpML trade parser. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.market
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.market that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
ShiftType
Enum representing alternative ways to apply a shift which modifies the value of a piece of market data.class
ValueType
The type of a value. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.market.curve
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.market.curve that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
CurveGroupName
The name of a curve group.class
CurveInfoType<T>
The type that provides meaning to additional curve information.class
CurveName
The name of a curve.class
CurveNodeClashAction
The action to perform when the dates of two curve nodes clash.class
CurveNodeDateType
The types of curve node date.class
LegalEntityGroup
Legal entity group.class
RepoGroup
Group used to identify a related set of repo curves when pricing bonds. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.market.curve.interpolator
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.market.curve.interpolator Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
CurveExtrapolator
Interface for extrapolators which extrapolate beyond the ends of a curve.interface
CurveInterpolator
Interface for interpolators that interpolate between points on a curve. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.market.explain
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.market.explain that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
ExplainKey<T>
A key for the map of explanatory values. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.market.model
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.market.model that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
MoneynessType
The approach used for simple moneyness.class
SabrParameterType
The type of the SABR parameter - Alpha, Beta, Rho, Nu or shift. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.market.option
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.market.option that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
StrikeType
The type of a strike. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.market.sensitivity
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.market.sensitivity that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
CurveSensitivitiesType
The type of curve sensitivities. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.market.surface
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.market.surface that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
SurfaceInfoType<T>
The type that provides meaning to additional surface information.class
SurfaceName
The name of a surface. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.math.impl.interpolation
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.math.impl.interpolation Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
WeightingFunction
A function to allow a smooth weighing between two functions. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.measure.fxopt
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.measure.fxopt that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
FxSingleBarrierOptionMethod
The method to use for pricing FX single barrier options.class
FxVanillaOptionMethod
The method to use for pricing FX vanilla options. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.pricer
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.pricer that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
CompoundedRateType
A compounded rate type. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.bond
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.bond that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
BondFutureVolatilitiesName
The name of a set of bond future volatilities.class
BondVolatilitiesName
The name of a set of bond options volatilities. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.capfloor
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.capfloor that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
IborCapletFloorletVolatilitiesName
The name of a set of Ibor cap/floor volatilities. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.common
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.common that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
PriceType
Enumerates the types of price that can be returned. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.credit
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.credit that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
AccrualOnDefaultFormula
The formula for accrual on default.class
ArbitrageHandling
The formula for accrual on default. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.fxopt
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.fxopt that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
FxOptionVolatilitiesName
The name of a set of FX option volatilities. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.index
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.index that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
IborFutureOptionVolatilitiesName
The name of a set of Ibor future option volatilities. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.swaption
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.pricer.swaption that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
SwaptionVolatilitiesName
The name of a set of swaption volatilities. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
AttributeType<T>
The type that provides meaning to an attribute.class
PortfolioItemType
The type of a portfolio item.class
ProductType
The type of a portfolio item. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.bond
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.bond that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
BillYieldConvention
A convention defining how yield is computed for a bill.class
CapitalIndexedBondYieldConvention
A convention defining accrued interest calculation type for inflation bond securities.class
FixedCouponBondYieldConvention
A convention defining accrued interest calculation type for a bond security. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.cms
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.cms that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
CmsPeriodType
A CMS payment period type. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.common
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.common that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
BuySell
Flag indicating whether a trade is "buy" or "sell".class
CapFloor
Flag indicating whether a financial instrument is "cap" or a "floor".class
CcpId
An identifier for a Central Counterparty Clearing House (CCP).class
ExchangeId
An identifier for an exchange based on the ISO Market Identifier Code (MIC).class
LongShort
Flag indicating whether a trade is "long" or "short".class
PayReceive
Flag indicating whether a financial instrument is "pay" or "receive".class
PutCall
Flag indicating whether a trade is "put" or "call".class
SettlementType
Flag indicating how a financial instrument is to be settled. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.credit
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.credit that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
PaymentOnDefault
The payment on default.class
ProtectionStartOfDay
The protection start of the day. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.credit.type
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.credit.type Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
CdsConvention
A market convention for credit default swap trades.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.credit.type that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
AccrualStart
The accrual start for credit default swaps.class
CdsQuoteConvention
Market quote conventions for credit default swaps.class
ImmutableCdsConvention
A market convention for credit default swap trades. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.deposit.type
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.deposit.type Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
IborFixingDepositConvention
A convention for Ibor fixing deposit trades.interface
TermDepositConvention
A market convention for term deposit trades.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.deposit.type that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
ImmutableIborFixingDepositConvention
A convention for Ibor fixing deposit trades.class
ImmutableTermDepositConvention
A market convention for term deposit trades. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.etd
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.etd that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
EtdContractCode
The contract code for an Exchange Traded Derivative (ETD).class
EtdContractGroupCode
The code for a group of ETD contracts, as defined an exchange.class
EtdExpiryType
The expiry type of an Exchange Traded Derivative (ETD) product.class
EtdOptionType
The option expiry type, 'American' or 'European'.class
EtdSettlementType
The type of an Exchange Traded Derivative (ETD) settlement.class
EtdType
The type of an Exchange Traded Derivative (ETD) product, either a future or an option. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.fra
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.fra that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
FraDiscountingMethod
A convention defining how to discount Forward Rate Agreements (FRAs). -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.fra.type
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.fra.type Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
FraConvention
A market convention for forward rate agreement (FRA) trades.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.fra.type that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
ImmutableFraConvention
A market convention for forward rate agreement (FRA) trades. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.fx.type
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.fx.type Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
FxSwapConvention
A market convention for FX Swap trades.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.fx.type that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
ImmutableFxSwapConvention
A market convention for FX swap trades -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.index.type
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.index.type Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
IborFutureContractSpec
A contract specification for exchange traded Ibor Futures.interface
IborFutureConvention
Deprecated.interface
OvernightFutureContractSpec
A contract specification for exchange traded Overnight Futures.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.index.type that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
ImmutableIborFutureContractSpec
A contract specification for exchange traded Ibor Futures.class
ImmutableIborFutureConvention
Deprecated.class
ImmutableOvernightFutureContractSpec
A contract specification for exchange traded Overnight Futures. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.option
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.option that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
BarrierType
The barrier type of barrier event.class
FutureOptionPremiumStyle
The style of premium for an option on a futures contract.class
KnockType
The knock type of barrier event. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.swap
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.swap Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
SwapIndex
A swap index.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.swap that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
CompoundingMethod
A convention defining how to compound interest.class
FixedAccrualMethod
The method of accruing interest on a notional amount using a fixed rate.class
FixingRelativeTo
The base date that each rate fixing is made relative to.class
FxResetFixingRelativeTo
The base date that each FX reset fixing is made relative to.class
IborRateResetMethod
A convention defining how to process a floating rate reset schedule.class
ImmutableSwapIndex
A swap index implementation based on an immutable set of rules.class
NegativeRateMethod
A convention defining how to handle a negative interest rate.class
OvernightAccrualMethod
The method of accruing interest based on an Overnight index.class
PaymentRelativeTo
The base date that each payment is made relative to.class
PriceIndexCalculationMethod
Reference price index calculation method.class
SwapLegType
The type of a swap leg. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.swap.type
Subinterfaces of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.swap.type Modifier and Type Interface Description interface
FixedFloatSwapConvention
A market convention for Fixed-Float swap trades, covering Ibor and Overnight indices.interface
FixedIborSwapConvention
A market convention for Fixed-Ibor swap trades.interface
FixedInflationSwapConvention
A market convention for Inflation swap trades.interface
FixedOvernightSwapConvention
A market convention for Fixed-Overnight swap trades.interface
IborIborSwapConvention
A market convention for Ibor-Ibor swap trades.interface
OvernightIborSwapConvention
A market convention for Overnight-Ibor swap trades.interface
SingleCurrencySwapConvention
A market convention for swap trades.interface
ThreeLegBasisSwapConvention
A market convention for three leg basis swap trades.interface
XCcyIborIborSwapConvention
A market convention for cross-currency Ibor-Ibor swap trades without FX reset.Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.swap.type that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
ImmutableFixedIborSwapConvention
A market convention for Fixed-Ibor swap trades.class
ImmutableFixedInflationSwapConvention
A market convention for Fixed-Inflation swap trades.class
ImmutableFixedOvernightSwapConvention
A market convention for Fixed-Overnight swap trades.class
ImmutableIborIborSwapConvention
A market convention for Ibor-Ibor swap trades.class
ImmutableOvernightIborSwapConvention
A market convention for Fixed-Overnight swap trades.class
ImmutableThreeLegBasisSwapConvention
A market convention for three leg basis swap trades.class
ImmutableXCcyIborIborSwapConvention
A market convention for cross-currency Ibor-Ibor swap trades. -
Uses of Named in com.opengamma.strata.product.swaption
Classes in com.opengamma.strata.product.swaption that implement Named Modifier and Type Class Description class
CashSwaptionSettlementMethod
Cash settlement method of cash settled swaptions.
-


A dragon found only in the Lunar Ruins, Brachioraidos is one of the toughest enemies in the game and is found at a random location on the 50th floor.
This yellow-skinned demon is the final boss of FF1, formed when Garland merges with the power of the Four Fiends. He is the only boss monster not to merit his own music (but he did have a nifty disintegration sequence - well, nifty for NES). NOTE: Chaos is also the final limit break for Vincent (FF7).
A bizzare amalgam of enemies from the game surrounding an orb of light, Chronodia is the last boss at the end of the Labyrinth of Time. Its strength is determined by the number of Blue Seals the player has collected, being stronger the greater this number is, resulting in a total of eight variations of the boss (which come from of the permutations of Red and Blue Seals).
Fairly unimaginative final boss; basically evil in a bag. It has only a single attack, which it uses over and over.
The first real final boss who comes in several forms. He's a greenish man wearing a royal robe, but once you whittle him down he breaks out the firepower - first growing six arms, each carrying a weapon of destruction, and then turning into a giant spider. The super-secret trick? He's undead. Cure spells do tons of damage.
The final boss of the FF11 "Rise of the Zilart" expansion pack. Despite appearances, he is the older of the two Zilart princes. Experiments involving the mother crystal turned him into the form he is today. When Raogrimm reactivated the crystals, the two of them awoke, and they began their plans to open the gates of paradise. He is the real mastermind behind the crystal war, manipulating the Shadow Lord to bring about his wishes. He has four exoplates that protect him and must be destroyed before you can start attacking the big cheese. He mercilessly casts ancient magic like flood, flare, quake, tornado, etc.
He lives in the tenth basement of the Deep Dungeon. He has his own Zodiac Stone and Lucavi alterego, and he employs Apandas as bodyguards. He uses several weird attacks, like Poison Frog, Midgar Zolom (mistranslated as Midgarswarm) and the ultimate summon spell, Zodiac. The hard part in beating him comes into play if you want your summoners to learn Zodiac; you have to make them survive the spell once. If you don't care, he's not that tough at all. When you beat him, you'll get the Serpentarius Zodiac Stone.
This boss was only fightable in FF7 (NA) and the Japanese FF7 International. It lives underwater after Disc 1, just waiting for a fight. It has four eyes on his shoulders, each of which do some nasty damage.  Using Knights of the Round and Mimic materia can eventually kill it, after which a man in Kalm will give you a full set of Master Materia! (See also Ultima Weapon and Ruby Weapon.
Ultimecia summons this GF as part of the final battle. Squall has a ring and a necklace featuring Griever, and Ultimecia calls it the "ultimate GF".
As per the nature of the spiral of Sin, the party is forced to take down Braska's Final Aeon - Jecht.   He attacks with a wide sword and two curative pagodas. Like all Aeons, this one has a very nasty Overdrive that hits more often than usual. He can take out many characters in one hit, or use a petrify/physcial attack combo that will eliminate that entire position from the battle (meaning you'll only have two spots to rotate someone in!). Aeons are effective, but he can wipe them out on his next turn. The Magus Sisters can take him down quickly.
One of the coolest final battles in the series while still clinging to some inkling of sanity. The four statues that compose the battle contain Lucifer/fallen angel references throughout; each statue has two to four individual targets with their own strengths and weaknesses. Kefka himself has grown angel wings and an ultra-cool music theme. His "Fallen One" spell reduces all HP to 1! See also FF6 Characters.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load i18n %} {% block content %}
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The SciViews svGUI package eases the management of Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) in R. It is independent from any particular GUI widgets (Tk, Gtk2, native, ...). It centralizes info about GUI elements currently used, and it dispatches GUI calls to the particular toolkits in use in function of the context (is R run at the terminal, within a Tk application, a HTML page?).
| Version: | 1.0.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.6.0) |
| Suggests: | covr, knitr, testthat |
| Published: | 2018-04-23 |
| Author: | Philippe Grosjean [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Philippe Grosjean <phgrosjean at sciviews.org> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/SciViews/svGUI/issues |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| URL: | https://github.com/SciViews/svGUI, http://www.sciviews.org/SciViews-R |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Citation: | svGUI citation info |
| CRAN checks: | svGUI results |
| Reference manual: | svGUI.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Introduction to svGUI |
| Package source: | svGUI_1.0.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: svGUI_1.0.0.zip, r-release: svGUI_1.0.0.zip, r-oldrel: svGUI_1.0.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: svGUI_1.0.0.tgz, r-oldrel: svGUI_1.0.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | svGUI archive |
| Reverse imports: | svDialogs, svDialogstcltk |
| Reverse suggests: | svUnit |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=svGUI to link to this page.


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For questions, concerns or bug reports, please contact Hatef Monajemi (@monajemi) or David Donoho. This course meets Tuesdays 3:00-4:20 PM at Thornt110. If you are a guest speaker for this course, please read travel section to plan your visit.Follow Stat285 on ResearchGate (videos)
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- Symposium for Data Science and Statistics by ASA, May 16-19, 2018
- Envisioning the Data Science Discipline (NAS)
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The next category of algorithms reduces an entire sequence to a single scalar value. Remember that two of these algorithms, std::accumulate() and std::inner_product(), are declared in the <numeric> header file, not the <algorithm> header file as are the other generic algorithms.
NOTE -- The example functions described in the following sections are in the file alg5.cpp.
The algorithms std::count() and std::count_if() are used to discover the number of elements that match a given value or that satisfy a given predicate, respectively. Each algorithm comes in two forms. The newer form returns the number of matches found, while the older one takes as argument a reference to a counting value, typically an integer, and increments this value. In the latter case the std::count() function itself yields no value.
The newer form of these functions is currently mandated by the standard. The older form is retained for two reasons: first, for backward compatibility, since older versions of the standard contained it; and second, because the newer form requires that a compiler support partial specialization, which most (but not all) compilers now do.
namespace std { iterator_traits<InputIterator>::distance_type count(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& value); iterator_traits<InputIterator>::distance_type count_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred); void count(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T&, Size&); void count_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate, Size&); }
The example code fragment illustrates the use of the older form of these algorithms. The call on std::count() counts the number of occurrences of the letter e in a sample string, while the invocation of std::count_if() counts the number of vowels.
void count_example() // illustrates the use of the count algorithm // see alg5.cpp for complete source code { int eCount = 0; int vowelCount = 0; char *text = "Now is the time to begin"; std::count(text, text + strlen(text), 'e', eCount); std::count_if(text, text + strlen(text), isVowel, vowelCount); std::cout << "There are " << eCount << " letter e's " << std::endl << "and " << vowelCount << " vowels in the text:" << text << std::endl; }
Note that if your compiler does not support partial specialization, you don't have the form of the std::count() algorithms that return the sum as a function result, but only the form that adds to the last argument in its parameter list, which is passed by reference. This means successive calls on these functions can be used to produce a cumulative sum. This also means that you must initialize the variable passed to this last argument location prior to calling one of these algorithms.
The result generated by the std::accumulate() algorithm is the value produced by placing a binary operator between each element of a sequence, and evaluating the result. By default the operator is the addition operator, operator+, but this can be replaced by any binary function. An initial value or identity must be provided. This value is returned for empty sequences, and is otherwise used as the left argument for the first calculation.
namespace std { ContainerType accumulate(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, ContainerType initial [, BinaryFunction ]); }
The example program illustrates the use of std::accumulate() to produce the sum and product of a vector of int values. In the first case the identity is zero, and the default operator+() is used. In the second invocation, the identity is 1, and the multiplication operator named times is explicitly passed as the fourth argument:
void accumulate_example() // illustrates the use of the accumulate algorithm // see alg5.cpp for complete source code { int numbers[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // first example, simple accumulation int sum = std::accumulate(numbers, numbers + 5, 0); int product = std::accumulate(numbers, numbers + 5, 1, std::times<int>()); std::cout << "The sum of the first five integers is " << sum << std::endl; std::cout << "The product is " << product << std::endl; // second example, with different types for initial value std::list<int> nums; nums = std::accumulate(numbers, numbers+5, nums, intReplicate); } std::list<int>& intReplicate(std::list<int>& nums, int n) // add sequence n to 1 to end of list { while (n) nums.push_back(n--); return nums; }
Neither the identity value nor the result of the binary function is required to match the container type. This is illustrated in the example program by the invocation of std::accumulate() shown in the second example above. Here the identity is an empty list. The function, shown after the example program, takes as argument a list and an int value, and repeatedly inserts values into the list. The values inserted represent a decreasing sequence from the argument down to 1. For the example input, the same vector as in the first example, the resulting list contains the 15 values 1 2 1 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1.
Assume we have two sequences of n elements each: a1, a2, ... an and b1, b2, ... bn. The inner product of the sequences is the sum of the parallel products, that is, the value a1 * b1 + a2 * b2 + ... + an * bn. Inner products occur in a number of scientific calculations. For example, the inner product of a row times a column is the heart of the traditional matrix multiplication algorithm. A generalized inner product uses the same structure, but permits the addition and multiplication operators to be replaced by arbitrary binary functions. The C++ Standard Library includes the following algorithm for computing an inner product:
namespace std { ContainerType inner_product (InputIterator first1, InputIterator last1, InputIterator first2, ContainerType initialValue [ , BinaryFunction add, BinaryFunction times ]); }
The first three arguments to the std::inner_product() algorithm define the two input sequences. The second sequence is specified only by the beginning iterator, and is assumed to contain at least as many elements as the first sequence. The next argument is an initial value, or identity, used for the summation operator. This is similar to the identity used in the std::accumulate() algorithm. In the generalized inner product function, the last two arguments are the binary functions that are used in place of the addition operator and the multiplication operator, respectively.
In the example program, the second invocation illustrates the use of alternative functions as arguments. The multiplication is replaced by an equality test, while the addition is replaced by a logical or. The result is true if any of the pairs are equal, and false otherwise. Using an and in place of the or would have resulted in a test which was true only if all pairs were equal; in effect, the same as the equal() algorithm described in the next section.
void inner_product_example() // illustrates the use of the inner_product algorithm // see alg5.cpp for complete source code { int a[] = {4, 3, -2}; int b[] = {7, 3, 2}; // example 1, a simple inner product int in1 = std::inner_product(a, a+3, b, 0); std::cout << "Inner product is " << in1 << std::endl; // example 2, user defined operations bool anyequal = std::inner_product(a, a+3, b, true, std::logical_or<bool>(), std::equal_to<int>()); std::cout << "any equal? " << anyequal << std::endl; }
The std::equal() algorithm tests two sequences for pairwises equality. By using an alternative binary predicate, it can also be used for a wide variety of other pair-wise tests of parallel sequences, such as a pairwise test that returns a boolean result. The std::mismatch() algorithm gives the location of elements that fail that test (Section 13.3.7).
The arguments of the std::equal() algorithm are simple input iterators:
namespace std { bool equal(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, InputIterator first2 [, BinaryPredicate]); }
The std::equal() algorithm assumes, but does not verify, that the second sequence contains at least as many elements as the first. A true result is generated if all values test equal to their corresponding element. The alternative version of the algorithm substitutes an arbitrary boolean function for the equality test, and returns true if all pair-wise elements satisfy the predicate. In the sample program, this is illustrated by replacing the predicate with the std::greater_equal() function; in this fashion, true is returned only if all values in the first sequence are greater than or equal to their corresponding value in the second sequence.
void equal_example() // illustrates the use of the equal algorithm // see alg5.cpp for complete source code { int a[] = {4, 5, 3}; int b[] = {4, 3, 3}; int c[] = {4, 5, 3}; std::cout << "a = b is: " << std::equal(a, a+3, b) << std::endl; std::cout << "a = c is: " << std::equal(a, a+3, c) << std::endl; std::cout << "a pair-wise greater-equal b is: " << std::equal(a, a+3, b, std::greater_equal<int>()) << std::endl; }
A lexical comparison is commonly used to determine the dictionary order of words. In this procedure, the elements or characters of two sequences are compared in pair-wise fashion. As long as characters within a pair match, the algorithm advances to the next pair. When characters within a pair fail to match, the earlier character determines the smaller word. For example, everybody is smaller than everything, since the b in the former word alphabetically precedes the t in the latter. Should one or the other sequence terminate before the other, the terminated sequence is considered the smaller. For example, every precedes both everybody and everything, but comes after eve. Finally, if both sequences terminate at the same time and pair-wise characters match in all cases, the two words are considered equal.
The std::lexicographical_compare() algorithm implements the concept of lexical comparison, returning true if the first sequence is smaller than the second, and false otherwise. The algorithm is generalized to any sequence. Thus, the std::lexicographical_compare() algorithm can be used with arrays, strings, vectors, lists, or any other data structures of the C++ Standard Library.
namespace std { bool lexicographical_compare (InputIterator first1, InputIterator last1, InputIterator first2, InputIterator last2 [, BinaryFunction ] ); }
Unlike most other algorithms that take two sequences as argument, the std::lexicographical_compare() algorithm uses a first and a past-end iterator for both sequences. A variation on the algorithm also takes a fifth argument, which is the binary function used to compare corresponding elements from the two sequences.
The example program illustrates the std::lexicographical_compare() algorithm in use with character sequences, and arrays of integer values.
void lexicographical_compare_example() // illustrates the use of the lexicographical_compare algorithm // see alg5.cpp for complete source code { char *wordOne = "everything"; char *wordTwo = "everybody"; std::cout << "compare everybody to everything " << std::lexicographical_compare(wordTwo, wordTwo + std::strlen(wordTwo), wordOne, wordOne + std::strlen(wordOne)) << std::endl; int a[] = {3, 4, 5, 2}; int b[] = {3, 4, 5}; int c[] = {3, 5}; std::cout << "compare a to b:" << std::lexicographical_compare(a, a+4, b, b+3) << std::endl; std::cout << "compare a to c:" << std::lexicographical_compare(a, a+4, c, c+2) << std::endl; }