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SuanShu, a Java numerical and statistical library | |||||||
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java.lang.Object com.numericalmethod.suanshu.analysis.integration.univariate.riemann.EulerMaclaurin
public class EulerMaclaurin
This class implements a specialized group of the Newton-Cotes integration methods using the Euler-Maclaurin formula.
This class forms the basis for a few standard numerical quadrature methods with equally spaced interpolation points. The extraploation method uses Neville's algorithm.
By customizing this class, one can construct various standard numerical quadrature algoritms, such as
rate = 2
.
rate = 2
and specifying OPEN
formula.
| Nested Class Summary | |
|---|---|
static class |
EulerMaclaurin.NewtonCotesType
Newton-Cotes methods can be classified into two categories: OPEN and CLOSED. |
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
int |
maxIterations
the maximum number of iterations for this iterative procedure For those integrals that do not converge, we need to put a bound on the number of iterations. |
double |
precision
the convergence threshold The iterative procedure converges when the relative difference between two successive sums is less than precision . |
int |
rate
the rate of sub-dividing an interval Starting with the whole interval (b-a) , we divide each sub-interval into rate many intervals. |
EulerMaclaurin.NewtonCotesType |
type
indicate whether the two end points are included for computation |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
EulerMaclaurin(int rate,
EulerMaclaurin.NewtonCotesType type,
double precision,
int maxIterations)
Construct an instance of the Euler-Maclaurin formula. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
double |
h()
Get the discretization size for the current iteration. |
double |
integrate(UnivariateRealFunction f,
double a,
double b)
Integrate function f from a to b . |
int |
maxIterations()
Get the maximum number of iterations for this iterative procedure. |
double |
next(int iter,
UnivariateRealFunction f,
double a,
double b,
double sum0)
Compute a refined sum for the integral. |
double |
precision()
Get the convergence threshold. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
public final int rate
Starting with the whole interval (b-a)
, we divide each sub-interval into rate
many intervals.
For example, when rate = 2
, we double the number of intervals,
hence abscissas, in each iteration.
Note: the number of abscissas grows exponentially.
public final EulerMaclaurin.NewtonCotesType type
public final double precision
The iterative procedure converges when the relative difference between two successive sums is less than precision
.
public final int maxIterations
For those integrals that do not converge, we need to put a bound on the number of iterations.
Note that the number of abscissas grows exponentially with each iteration, i.e., rateiterations
.
Thus, maxIterations
should not be too big.
Be careful when choosing maxIterations
, as it may severely affect the performance.
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public EulerMaclaurin(int rate, EulerMaclaurin.NewtonCotesType type, double precision, int maxIterations)
rate
- the rate of further sub-dividing the integral interval.
For example, when rate = 2
, we will divide [xi, xi+1]
into two equal length intervals.
This is equivalent to the Trapezoidal rule.
type
- specifying whether to use CLOSED or OPEN formulaprecision
- the precision required, e.g., 1e-8
maxIterations
- the maximum number of iterations| Method Detail |
|---|
public double integrate(UnivariateRealFunction f, double a, double b)
Integrator
f
from a
to b
.
/ b
| f(x) dx
/ a
integrate
in interface Integrator
f
- a univariate functiona
- lower limitb
- upper limit
public double next(int iter, UnivariateRealFunction f, double a, double b, double sum0)
IterativeIntegrator
next
in interface IterativeIntegrator
iter
- the index/count for the iterations; it counts from 1f
- the integranda
- the lower limitb
- the upper limitsum0
- the last sum
public double h()
IterativeIntegrator
h
in interface IterativeIntegrator
public int maxIterations()
IterativeIntegrator
maxIterations
in interface IterativeIntegrator
public double precision()
Integrator
For example, for an IterativeIntegrator
,
the integral is considered converged
if the relative error of two successive sums is less than the threshold.
precision
in interface Integrator
|
SuanShu, a Java numerical and statistical library | |||||||
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I like to code,
HTML images are defined with the img tag, and the filename of the image source is specified in the src attribute:
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For this website I am going to solve the problem of displaying my work in the index.html. I will put an image that spans the header of the page with a title overlapping of the image. Below the image I will put 5 equal sections centered across the page, each section giving the title and linking page to my work.


Capture Image
Facial emotions categories are :
Text Sentiment Analysis
Psychological traits categories are:


Here there would be a list of articles as presented on the index page. Look at article-include.html to see an example.
A page link
No posts have been published yet.


isHistoryFreeVariable variable module
This function tests if a variable is a history-free variable of the module. If yes, 1 is returned. Otherwise, 0 is returned.


Thanks to:
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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block extra_head %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
The process of launching a cluster takes a few minutes. Once the cluster and the necessary applications are running, a link to your cluster will be shown (in the Cluster address field). To manage your newly created cluster, use the CloudMan console at the shown link.
Amazon is now charging you per hour for your new cluster. You may use the EC2 console to check the status of your server.
{% endif %}For CloudMan console login, use ubuntu username and the password you provided on the previous page (also available in the table below once the cluster becomes ready).
| From zero to an analysis platform in | |
|---|---|
| Cluster state |
|
| Cluster address (Rstudio Login) | Please wait |
| Additional cluster information | |
|---|---|
| For command line SSH access use | ssh ubuntu@{{ request.session.ec2data.public_ip }} (Use key pair or password from the entry form (show password: {{ request.session.ec2data.password }}) |
| For FreeNX remote desktop access |
User: ubuntu Password: from the entry form (show: {{ request.session.ec2data.password }}) Host: {{ request.session.ec2data.public_ip }} Window Manager: GNOME |
| Cluster name | {{ request.session.ec2data.cluster_name }} |
| Instance ID | Not yet available |
| Image ID (AMI) | Not yet available |
| Security group | Not yet available |
| Key pair | Not yet available {# Show the link to download key pair material only if a new key pair was created #} |
| Placement (zone) | Not (yet) available |


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Paysaan Blockchain is a tamperproof technology which uses a decentralized payment cum micro-insurance transaction system on a decentralized blockchain public ledger along with an responsive UI which can help farmers make secure payments which are recorded in public ledgers and can act as a proof in case any fraud or mismanagement related to payments that happen against him.


--- layout: default title: Home ---
Photo source: Archives of the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach
Room 28.3.W.800, Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands d.toshniwal@tudelft.nl


|
OPAE C API
-..
FPGA API
|
Functions for mapping and accessing MMIO space. More...
#include <opae/types.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Functions | |
| fpga_result | fpgaWriteMMIO64 (fpga_handle handle, uint32_t mmio_num, uint64_t offset, uint64_t value) |
| fpga_result | fpgaReadMMIO64 (fpga_handle handle, uint32_t mmio_num, uint64_t offset, uint64_t *value) |
| fpga_result | fpgaWriteMMIO32 (fpga_handle handle, uint32_t mmio_num, uint64_t offset, uint32_t value) |
| fpga_result | fpgaReadMMIO32 (fpga_handle handle, uint32_t mmio_num, uint64_t offset, uint32_t *value) |
| fpga_result | fpgaWriteMMIO512 (fpga_handle handle, uint32_t mmio_num, uint64_t offset, const void *value) |
| fpga_result | fpgaMapMMIO (fpga_handle handle, uint32_t mmio_num, uint64_t **mmio_ptr) |
| fpga_result | fpgaUnmapMMIO (fpga_handle handle, uint32_t mmio_num) |
Functions for mapping and accessing MMIO space.
Most FPGA accelerators provide access to control registers through memory-mappable address spaces, commonly referred to as "MMIO spaces". This file provides functions to map, unmap, read, and write MMIO spaces.
Note that an accelerator may have multiple MMIO spaces, denoted by the mmio_num
argument of the APIs below. The meaning and properties of each MMIO space are up to the accelerator designer.
Definition in file mmio.h.
| fpga_result fpgaWriteMMIO64 | ( | fpga_handle | handle, |
| uint32_t | mmio_num, | ||
| uint64_t | offset, | ||
| uint64_t | value | ||
| ) |
Write 64 bit value to MMIO space
This function will write to MMIO space of the target object at a specified offset.
| [in] | handle | Handle to previously opened accelerator resource |
| [in] | mmio_num | Number of MMIO space to access |
| [in] | offset | Byte offset into MMIO space |
| [in] | value | Value to write (64 bit) |
Referenced by main(), and OPAE_SVC_WRAPPER::mmioWrite64().
| fpga_result fpgaReadMMIO64 | ( | fpga_handle | handle, |
| uint32_t | mmio_num, | ||
| uint64_t | offset, | ||
| uint64_t * | value | ||
| ) |
Read 64 bit value from MMIO space
This function will read from MMIO space of the target object at a specified offset.
| [in] | handle | Handle to previously opened accelerator resource |
| [in] | mmio_num | Number of MMIO space to access |
| [in] | offset | Byte offset into MMIO space |
| [out] | value | Pointer to memory where read value is returned (64 bit) |
Referenced by find_nlb_n3000(), main(), and OPAE_SVC_WRAPPER::mmioRead64().
| fpga_result fpgaWriteMMIO32 | ( | fpga_handle | handle, |
| uint32_t | mmio_num, | ||
| uint64_t | offset, | ||
| uint32_t | value | ||
| ) |
Write 32 bit value to MMIO space
This function will write to MMIO space of the target object at a specified offset.
| [in] | handle | Handle to previously opened accelerator resource |
| [in] | mmio_num | Number of MMIO space to access |
| [in] | offset | Byte offset into MMIO space |
| [in] | value | Value to write (32 bit) |
Referenced by main().
| fpga_result fpgaReadMMIO32 | ( | fpga_handle | handle, |
| uint32_t | mmio_num, | ||
| uint64_t | offset, | ||
| uint32_t * | value | ||
| ) |
Read 32 bit value from MMIO space
This function will read from MMIO space of the target object at a specified offset.
| [in] | handle | Handle to previously opened accelerator resource |
| [in] | mmio_num | Number of MMIO space to access |
| [in] | offset | Byte offset into MMIO space |
| [out] | value | Pointer to memory where read value is returned (32 bit) |
| fpga_result fpgaWriteMMIO512 | ( | fpga_handle | handle, |
| uint32_t | mmio_num, | ||
| uint64_t | offset, | ||
| const void * | value | ||
| ) |
Write 512 bit value to MMIO space
512 bit MMIO writes may not be supported on all platforms.
This function will write to MMIO space of the target object at a specified offset.
| [in] | handle | Handle to previously opened accelerator resource |
| [in] | mmio_num | Number of MMIO space to access |
| [in] | offset | Byte offset into MMIO space |
| [in] | value | Pointer to memory holding value to write (512 bits) |
| fpga_result fpgaMapMMIO | ( | fpga_handle | handle, |
| uint32_t | mmio_num, | ||
| uint64_t ** | mmio_ptr | ||
| ) |
Map MMIO space
This function will return a pointer to the specified MMIO space of the target object in process virtual memory, if supported by the target. Some MMIO spaces may be restricted to privileged processes, depending on the used handle and type.
After mapping the respective MMIO space, you can access it through direct pointer operations (observing supported access sizes and alignments of the target platform and accelerator).
FPGA_NOT_SUPPORTED
. Usually, these platforms still allow the application to issue MMIO operations using fpgaReadMMIO32(), fpgaWriteMMIO32(), fpgeReadMMIO64(), and fpgaWriteMMIO64().If the caller passes in NULL for mmio_ptr, no mapping will be performed, and no virtual address will be returned, though the call will return FPGA_OK
. This implies that all accesses will be performed through fpgaReadMMIO32(), fpgaWriteMMIO32(), fpgeReadMMIO64(), and fpgaWriteMMIO64(). This is the only supported case for ASE.
The number of available MMIO spaces can be retrieved through the num_mmio property (fpgaPropertyGetNumMMIO()).
| [in] | handle | Handle to previously opened resource |
| [in] | mmio_num | Number of MMIO space to access |
| [out] | mmio_ptr | Pointer to memory where a pointer to the MMIO space will be returned. May be NULL, in which case no pointer is returned. Returned address may be NULL if underlying platform does not support memory mapping for register access. |
Referenced by OPAE_SVC_WRAPPER::findAndOpenAccel(), and main().
| fpga_result fpgaUnmapMMIO | ( | fpga_handle | handle, |
| uint32_t | mmio_num | ||
| ) |
Unmap MMIO space
This function will unmap a previously mapped MMIO space of the target object, rendering any pointers to it invalid.
| [in] | handle | Handle to previously opened resource |
| [in] | mmio_num | Number of MMIO space to access |
Referenced by main(), and OPAE_SVC_WRAPPER::~OPAE_SVC_WRAPPER().


Frank Sinatra Tribute
- 1914 - Born in Cresco, Iowa
- 1915 - This timeline starts on on December 12, 1915 when Francis Albert Sinatra was born at 415 Monroe Street, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA. He was the son of his Sicilian father Anthony Martin Sinatra and Natalie Della Gavarante Sinatra, better known as 'Dolly'
- 1929 - Frank Sinatra met Nancy Barbato who he would later marry in 1939
- 1933 - He got a job as a cub sports reporter
- 1935 - His first break in singing was at the Hoboken Union Club. His mother persuaded a singing group called The Three Flashes to include Frank and they renamed themselves as the Hoboken Four. Success followed when they appeared on a show called the Major Bowes Amateur Hour which won them a six month contract to perform live on stage as well as radio. Frank Sinatra left the Hoboken Four and his mother arranged a singing job at the Rustic Cabin in New Jersey which enabled Sinatra to be heard across New York City on radio station WNEW
- 1938 - Frank Sinatra was arrested on a morals charge when an old girlfriend accused him of a breach of promise. The case was dismissed in court in January 1939
- 1939 - Frank Sinatra married Nancy Barbato. They had three children Nancy Sandra - born in 1940; Franklin Wayne Emmanuel (Frank Jr.) - born in 1944; and Christina (Tina) - born in 1948. Made his first recording with the Frank Mane band singing Our Love and signed a contract a contract for one year.
- 1940 - Frank Sinatra joined Harry JamesвЂ™s band and recorded ten songs with Harry James for the Brunswick and Columbia labels. Frank Sinatra was then approached by Tommy Dorsey to join his band, which he did. In July he topped the charts with "I'll Never Smile Again" for twelve weeks. He also acted in the film, Las Vegas Nights as a member of the band.
- 1941 - Frank Sinatra reached the top position of the male singer polls in magazines such as Billboard and Downbeat. Between 1940 and early 1943 he had 23 top ten singles on Billboard
- 1942 - Sinatra left the Dorsey band and recorded his first solo tracks. Fans, the "bobby soxers", went crazy when he appeared at the Paramount theatre in New York
- 1943 - Sinatra signed with Columbia Records as a solo artist and made his debut at Madison Square Garden and the Hollywood Bowl
- 1944 - Frank Sinatra returned to Paramount started his film career with RKO making Step Lively and Higher and Higher. Louis B. Mayer bought his contract and Frank moved to MGM
- 1945 - Sinatra co-starred with Gene Kelly in the Anchors Aweigh. He also starred in a short film on tolerance and racial equality called The House I Live In, which won him a special Academy Award
- 1946 - Frank Sinatra was i the movies Till the Clouds Roll By and It Happened in Brooklyn. He also released his first album called The Voice of Frank Sinatra and hosted his own weekly radio show
- 1947 - April 13, 1947: Frank Sinatra received the Thomas Jefferson Award for Fighting Against Intolerance.
- 1948 - Bad publicity and rumours of womanising and a violent temper led to a decline in his career
- 1949 - Frank Sinatra starred in the movies On the Town and Take Me Out to the Ball Game both with Gene Kelly which gave him success again and improved his image
- 1950 - Frank returned to live concerts but his voice had suffered, resulting in him haemorrhaging his vocal cords on stage at the Copacabana on April 26, 1950. He recovered and went to star at the London Palladium accompanied by Ava Gardner. He and his wife Nancy were splitting due to the scandal with Ava and Frank SinatraвЂ™s popularity went into a decline once again to bad publicity.
- 1960 - Frank Sinatra began his own label called Reprise Records. The 'Rat Pack' was in the media and consisted of Frank Sinatra and his friends Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Joey Bishop, and Peter Lawford appearing together on stage at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas and in several movies, including Robin and the Seven Hoods and the original Ocean's Eleven.
- 1961-1966 - Frank Sinatra released albums such as Ring-A-Ding-Ding, Sinatra-Basie and Sinatra at the Sands. He was romantically linked with Juliet Prowse and Lauren Bacall
- 1973 - Frank was back in the studio on April 30, 1973 to record tracks for his Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back album.
- 1974 - He returned to Las Vegas performing at CaesarвЂ™s Palace
- 1976 - Frank Sinatra married Barbara Marx on July 11, 1976.
- 1983 - Frank Sinatra was one of the five recipients at the Kennedy Center Honors
- 1993 - Frank Sinatra returned to Capitol Records
- 1994 - Frank SinatraвЂ™s final public concerts. He was also awarded the Legend Award at the 1994 Grammy Award
- 1998 - Frank Sinatra Died May 14, 1998 (aged 82) at Los Angeles, California, USA


These are demo apps of Riot.js
Demo1: Mount
Demo2: Loop
Demo3: Boolean
Demo4: Expressions
Demo5: Filter
Demo6: Routing
Demo7: SSR Samples


Use this admin client to add and remove queues and to remove consumers from a queue. Use the queue consumer application to add consumers to a queue


| Instructor: | G. Mendel | |
| Time: | Monday/Thursday 8:30-9:50 AM | |
| Credit Hours: | 1.25 | |
| Prerequisites: | Quantitative Reasoning | |
| Distributions: | LAB/NPS |
A gateway course that focuses on the study of life at the cellular and molecular level, including eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure, function of biological macromolecules, cellular metabolism, molecular genetics, and mechanisms of growth and differentiation. This course will provide the fundamental tools for exploration of this field with the aim of enhancing conceptual understanding. Laboratories focus on experimental approaches to these topics and are shared with BISC 112. Either BISC 110/BISC 112/BISC 116 or BISC 111/BISC 111T/BISC 113 may be taken first. Students must attend lab during the first week in order to continue in the course.


About Hotstar Chanels
After the beta version of ‘hotstar.com’ went live in January 2015, Star India officially launched hotstar in February 2015, right before the 2015 Cricket World Cup. At the beginning, it was intended to serve as a mobile application that would support streaming of the Cricket World Cup with some entertainment content. However, hotstar expanded its offering with 35,000 hours of content, spread across 8 languages from the entertainment, movie and sports channels owned by Star India.
Recently, Star India hired Varun Narang, a former executive of US online video service Hulu to head the product and technology division at hotstar. Hotstar also hired iRock Production's Siddhartha Jain as the creative director for original content, as it is hell-bent to develop original content.
Viewers can watch all the shows aired on the Star channels a day later on hotstar. The app also offers videos from cricket tournaments and other professional sporting leagues like Pro Kabaddi League and Indian Super League. For TV shows, hotstar features latest and classic episodes from television shows on its group channels (content partners) like Star Plus, Life OK, Channel V, Asianet, Asianet Plus, Asianet Suvarna, Maa TV, and Star Vijay, Star Jalsha, and Star Pravah amongst others. English dramas and serials that premiere internationally and are showcased on Star World, are also featured on hotstar.
Hotstar also streams Game of Thrones and other HBO serials which are not offered by netflix.


Go Serverless
Microsoft Azure
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Microsoft Office 365
Tse not znayyomlyuvalna Versia! Uchnі ta vchitilі mozyut dzokoshtno otrimati "Office 365 for osviti", which includes Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote and Microsoft Teams, plus dodatkovi zasobi for borrowing from the class. For the ear, the mother will be allowed to address the e-mail address of the school.


{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Watchers{% if pagination and pagination.page > 1 %} (page {{ pagination.page }}){% endif %} | {{ site.title | safe }}{% endblock title %}
{% block content %}
Items you're watching
When you post a comment on a conversation or event, you'll start watching it. New comments posted on that item will appear with other items you are following or be emailed to you.
{% else %} {% include "pagination_nav.html" %} {% include "pagination_nav.html" %} {% endif %} {% endblock %} {% block sidebar%} {% endblock%}


Up: Part II: Inflection Previous: SUBSTANTIVES Next: PRONOUNS
Comparison by -τερος, -τατος.—The usual endings are:
For the comparative: -τερος m. -τερᾱ f. -τερον n.
For the superlative: -τατος m. -τατη f. -τατον n.
The endings are added to the masculine stem of the positive. Comparatives are declined like ἄξιος, superlatives like ἀγαθός (287).
δῆλος (δηλο-) clear, δηλό-τερος, δηλό-τατος; ἰσχῡρός (ἰσχῡρο-) strong, ἰσχῡρότερος, ἰσχῡρό-τατος; μέλᾱς (μελαν-) black, μελάν-τερος, μελάν-τατος; βαρύς (βαρυ-) heavy, βαρύ-τερος, βαρύ-τατος; ἀληθής (ἀληθεσ-) true, ἀληθέσ-τερος, ἀληθέσ-τατος; εὐκλεής (εὐκλεεσ-) famous, εὐκλεέσ-τερος, εὐκλεέσ-τατος.
a. χαριέστερος, -έστατος are from χαριετ-τερος, -τατος (83, 299 b), from χαρίεις graceful. Compounds of χάρις grace add ο to the stem (χαριτ-ο-), whence ἐπιχαριτώτερος more pleasing. πένης poor has πενέσ-τερος from πενετ-τερος, with ε for η.
b. Originally -τερος had no other force than to contrast one idea with another, and this function is retained in δεξίτερος right) (ἀρίστερος left, ἡμέτερος our) ( ὑ̄μέτερος your. Hom. has several such words: ἀγρότερος wild) (tame, θηλύτεραι γυναῖκες) (men, cp. Arcadian ἀρρέντερος from ἄρρην male. Cp. 1082 b.
Adjectives in -ος with a short penult lengthen ο to ω: ϝέο-ς new, ϝεώ-τερος, νεώ-τατος, χαλεπό-ς difficult, χαλεπώ-τερος, χαλεπώ-τατος. An undue succession of short syllables is thus avoided.
a. If the penult is long either by nature or by position (144), ο is not lengthened: λεπτός lean, λεπτότερος, λεπτότατος. A stop and a liquid almost always make position here (cp. 145); as πικρός bitter, πικρότερος, πικρότατος. κενός empty and στενός narrow were originally κενϝος, στενϝος (Ionic κεινός, στεινός, 37 D. 1), hence κενότερος, στενότερος.
Hom. ὀιζῡρώτατος (but cp. Att. οἰζῠρός), λᾱρώτατος (λᾰερώτατος?).
The following drop the stem vowel ο: γεραιό-ς aged, γεραί-τερος, γεραίτατος; παλαιό-ς ancient, παλαί-τερος, παλαί-τατος; σχολαῖο-ς slow, σχολαί-τερος, σχολαί-τατος; φίλο-ς dear, φίλ-τερος (poetic), φίλ-τατος (319, 11).
a. Some other adjectives reject the stem vowel ο and end in -αιτερος, -αιτατος, as ἥσυχος quiet, ἴσος equal, ὄρθριος early. These, like σχολαίτερος and γεραίτερος, imitate παλαίτερος, which is properly derived from the adverb πάλαι long ago. So μεσαίτερος, -αίτατος imitate μεσαι- in Hom. μεσαι-πόλιος middle-aged.
-εστερος, -εστατος.—By imitation of words like ἀληθέσ-τερος, ἀληθέστατος (313), -εστερος, -εστατος are added to stems in ον and to some in οο (contracted to ου). Thus, εὐδαίμων happy, εὐδαιμον-έστερος, -έστατος; ἁπλοῦς simple, ἁπλούστερος (for ἁπλο-εστερος), ἁπλούστατος; εὔνους well-disposed, εὐνούστερος, -ούστατος, and so in all others in -νους from νοῦς mind. (Others in -οος have -οωτερος: ἀθροώτερος more crowded from ἀθρόος.)
a. Some stems in ον substitute ο for ον; as (from ἐπιλήσμων forgetful, ἐπιλησμονέσ-τερος) ἐπιλησμό-τατος; πί̄ων fat, πῑότερος, πῑότατος; πέπων ripe has πεπαίτερος, πεπαίτατος. Cp. 315 a.
b. Other cases: (with loss of ο) ἐρρωμένο-ς strong, ἐρρωμενέστερος, -έστατος, ἄκρᾱτο-ς unmixed, ἀκρᾱτέστατος, ἄσμενο-ς glad, ἄφθονο-ς abundant.
-ιστερος, -ιστατος.—By imitation of words like ἀχαρίστερος for ἀχαριττερος (83) from ἄχαρις disagreeable, -ιστερος, -ιστατος are used especially with adjectives of a bad meaning, as κλεπτ-ίστατος (κλέπτης thief, 321), κακηγορίστερος (κακήγορος abusive), λαλ-ίστερος (λάλος talkative).
Comparison by -ῑων, -ιστος.—Some adjectives add to the root of the positive the endings -ῑων for the masculine and feminine, -ῑον for the neuter to form the comparative, and -ιστος -η -ον to form the superlative. The vowel (or the syllable ρο) standing before ς of the nominative is thus lost.
| POSITIVE | COMPARATIVE | SUPERLATIVE |
| ἡδ-ύ-ς sweet (ἡ ἡδ-ονή pleasure) | ἡδ-ί̄ων | ἥδ-ιστος |
| ταχ-ύ-ς swift (τὸ τάχ-ος swiftness) | θά̄ττων (112, 125 f) | τάχ-ιστος |
| μέγ-α-ς great (τὸ μέγ-εθος greatness) | μείζων (116) | μέγ-ιστος |
| ἀλγεινός painful (τὸ ἄλγ-ος pain) | ἀλγ-ί̄ων | ἄλγ-ιστος |
| αἰσχ-ρό-ς shameful (τὸ αἶσχ-ος shame) | αἰσχ-ί̄ων | αἴσχ-ιστος |
| ἐχθ-ρό-ς hateful, hostile (τὸ ἔχθ-ος hate) | ἐχθ-ί̄ων | ἔχθ-ιστος |
Forms in -ί̄ων are declined like βελτί̄ων (293), those in -ιστος like ἀγαθός (287).
Hom. and Doric poetry have also -ῐων, which is as old as -ῑων. Forms in -ῑων, -ιστος are much commoner in poetry than in prose. Hom. has βάθιστος (βαθύς deep), βράσσων (βραχύς short), βάρδιστος (βραδύς slow), κύ̄διστος (κῡδρός glorious), ὤκιστος (ὠκύς quick).
Irregular Comparison.—The commonest adjectives forming irregular degrees of comparison by reason of the sound changes or because several words are grouped under one positive, are the following. Poetic or Ionic forms are in ( ).
| 1. ἀγαθός good | ἀμείνων (from ἀμεν-ῑων) | |
| (ἀρείων) | ἄριστος (ἀρ-ετή vir- | |
| tue) | ||
| βελτί̄ων | βέλτιστος | |
| (βέλτερος, not in Hom.) | (βέλτατος, not in | |
| Hom.) | ||
| (κρατύς powerful) | κρείττων, κρείσσων | κράτιστος |
| (cp. κράτος strength) | (κρέσσων) | (κάρτιστοσ) |
| (φέρτεροσ) | (φέρτατος, φέριστοσ) | |
| λῴων (λωίων, λωίτεροσ) | λῷστος | |
| 2. κακός bad | κακί̄ων (κακώτερος) peior | κάκιστος |
| χείρων (χερείων) meaner, de- | χείριστος | |
| terior (χειρότερος, χερειό- | ||
| τεροσ) | ||
| ἥττων, ἥσσων (for ἡκ-ῑων) | (ἥκιστος, rare), adv. | |
| weaker, inferior (ἕσσων) | ἥκιστα least of all | |
| 3. καλός beautiful | καλλί̄ων | κάλλιστος (κάλλ-ος |
| beauty) | ||
| 4. μακρός long | μακρότερος (μάσσων) | μακρότατος (μήκι- |
| στοσ) | ||
| 5. μέγας great | μείζων 318 (μέζων) | μέγιστος |
| 6. μῑκρός small | μῑκρότερος | μῑκρότατος |
| (ἐλάχεια, f. of ἐλαχύσ) | ἐλά̄ττων, ἐλά̄σσων (for ἐλα- | ἐλάχιστος |
| χῑων) | ||
| μείων | (μεῖστος, rare) | |
| 7. ὀλίγος little, pl. few | ὀλείζων (inscriptions) | ὀλίγιστος |
| (ὑπ-ὀλίζων Hom. rather less) | ||
| 8. πολύς much, pl. many | πλείων, πλέων, neut. πλέον , | πλεῖστος |
| πλεῖν | ||
| 9. ῥᾴδιος easy | ῥᾴων (Ion. ῥηίων) | ῥᾷστος |
| (ῥηίδιοσ) | (ῥηίτεροσ) | (ῥηίτατος, ῥήιστοσ) |
| 10. ταχύς quick | θά̄ττων, θά̄σσων | τάχιστος |
| (ταχύτεροσ) | (ταχύτατοσ) | |
| 11. φίλος dear | (φίλτεροσ) | φίλτατος |
| φιλαίτερος (Xenoph.) | φιλαίτατοσ (Xenoph.) | |
| (φιλίων, rare in Hom.) |
a. ἀμείνων, ἄριστος express aptitude, capacity or worth (able, brave, excellent); βελτί̄ων, βέλτιστος, a moral idea (virtuous); κρείττων, κράτιστος, force and superiority (strong) (ἥττων is the opposite of κρείττων); λῴων means more desirable, more agreeable (ὦ λῷστε my good friend); κακί̄ων, κάκιστος express moral perversity, cowardice; χείρων, χείριστος, insufficiency, lack of a quality (less good) (worthless, good for nothing is φαῦλος).
b. ἐλά̄ττων, ἔλᾱττον, ἐλάχιστος refer to size: smaller (opposed to μείζων); or to multitude: fewer (opp. to πλείων). μείων, μεῖον, ἧττον, ἥκιστα also belong both to μῑκρός and to ὀλίγος.
c. The orators prefer the longer form of πλείων, especially the contracted πλείω, πλείους, but the neut. πλέον. πλεῖν is not contracted from πλέον.
Hom. has also κερδαλέος gainful, crafty, κερδἱ̆ων, κέρδιστος; ῥῑγίων, ὁί̄γιστος more, most dreadful (cp. ῥῖγος cold, ῥῑγηλός chilling), κήδιστος (κηδεῖος dear, κῆδος care).
Defectives.—Some comparatives and superlatives are derived from prepositions or adverbs:
| (πρό before) | πρότερος former | πρῶτος first |
| (ὑπέρ over, beyond) | ὑπέρτερος (poetic) higher, | ὑπέρτατος (poetic) high- |
| superior. | est, supreme. | |
| (πλησίον near) | πλησιαίτερος | πλησιαίτατος |
| (προὔργου serviceable) | προυργιαίτερος | |
| ὕστερος later, latter | ὕστατος latest, last |
a. -ατος appears in ὕπατος highest, ἔσχατος farthest, extreme (from ἐξ).
Hom. has ὁπλότερος younger, ὁπλότατος. Several defectives denote place; ἐπασσύτερος (ἆσσον nearer), παροίτερος (πάροιθεν before), μυχοίτατος (μυχοῖ in a recess). -ατος in μέσατος, μέσσατος (μέσος middle), πύματος last, νέατος lowest. For ὕστατος Hom. has ὑστάτιος; and δεύτατος last from δεύτερος second.
In poetry and sometimes in prose comparatives and superlatives are formed from substantives and pronouns. Hom. has βασιλεύτερος more kingly, -τατος (βασιλεύς king), ἑταιρότατος a closest companion (ἑταῖρος comrade), κύντερος more doglike, -τατος (κύων dog), κουρότερος more youthful (κοῦρος a youth). Aristophanes has κλεπτίστατος most thievish (κλέπτης thief, 317), and αὐτότατος his very self, ipsissimus.
Double Comparison.—A double comparative occurs sometimes to produce a comic effect, as κυντερώτερος (321). A double superlative is πρώτιστος.
Comparison by μᾶλλον, μάλιστα.—Instead of the forms in -τερος, -τατος or -ῑων, -ιστος the adverbs μᾶλλον more, μάλιστα most, may be used with the positive; as μᾶλλον φίλος more dear, dearer, μάλιστα φίλος most dear, dearest. This is the only way of comparing participles and words that do not take the comparative and superlative endings (μᾶλλον ἑκών more willing).
a. Comparison by μᾶλλον, μάλιστα is common in the case of compound adjectives, adjectives with a prepositional prefix, verbal adjectives in -τός, and adjectives in -ιος.
To express equality or inferiority οὕτω as (often in correlation with ὥσπερ), ἧττον less, may be placed before the positive. Thus, as good as handsome may be expressed by οὕτως ἀγαθὸς ὥσπερ καὶ καλός, ὥσπερ ἀγαθὸς οὕτω καὶ καλός, οὖχ ἧττον καλὸς ἢ καὶ ἀγαθός.


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About Our Team
Bonnie Dai
- Summer Feelz: Laying on the beach watching the sunset :)
- Aspirational Hobby: I've been really into photography lately and
trying to go to the gym more often.
- Ask me About: Anything from cats to interior design to my favorite
boba place in town!
Jenna Berlinberg
- Summer Feelz: Hopeful, restful, and excited.
- Aspirational Hobby: Cooking (important for living off campus next year)
- Ask me About: Kpop, video games, boba, and my dog.
Soumya Avva
- Summer Feelz: Excited, motivated, and happy!
- Aspirational Hobby: Photography and editing
- Ask me About: Traveling!


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Xbox flash sale offers games up to 75 percent off until midnight November 15
Control, Borderlands 3 and Gears 5 are all on sale
by Dean DaleyAt X019 Microsoft announced several Xbox game deals that start on November 15th at midnight PT/November 16th 3am ET.
You can save up to 75 percent off a variety of games, even some that only released this year.
Here’s a list of the games on sale below:
- Borderlands 3 Super Deluxe Edition: $139.99, was $93.79
- Code Vein Deluxe Edition: now $76.99, was $109.99
- Control: now $59.99, was $79.99
- Gears 5 Ultimate Edition: now $69.99, was $99.99
- Watch Dogs 2 Gold Edition: now $35.09, was $116.99
- Sea Of Thieves Anniversary Edition: now $29.99, was $59.99
- The Dark Pictures Anthology Man of Medan: $26.79, was $39.99
- NBA 2K20 Legend Edition: now $59.99, was $119.99
- NHL 20 Deluxe Edition: now $89.99, was $71.99
All of the deals above are Canadian prices.
There are more games on sale, check out them out on Major Nelson’s blog.
Source: Major Nelson


MOP Information
Basic Information & Eligibility:
Mortgage Origination Program (MOP)
The Mortgage Origination Program was created by the University of California to offset the negative impact of California housing prices by providing competitive first mortgages to eligible Riverside faculty and senior management to assist them in the purchase of a principal residence within a reasonable commuting distance of their campus.
Eligibility
The eligible population for the program consists of full-time University appointees who are:
- Members of the Academic Senate or hold an equivalent title
- Members of the Senior Management Group (SMG)
Campus Participation
For new Faculty and SMG Members whose length of service at UCR is equal to or less than the number of years listed below and who have not had a UCR MOP loan previously, no advance approval by campus administration is necessary to apply for a MOP loan:
- Assistant Professor - 5 Years
- Associate Professor - 2 Years
- Professor - 2 Years
- SMG Member - 2 Years
A Faculty or SMG Member whose length of service falls outside of the above campus defined participation limits but who is interested in applying for a MOP loan should seek eligibility approval from the Vice Provost-Academic Personnel (for Faculty) or the Chancellor (for SMG Members). MOP participation for these individuals will be determined on a case-by-case basis, as campus MOP loan funds are limited.
Limited Resource Allocation Loans
If a Faculty or SMG Member (1) is a homeowner in the past 12 months within the campus area and wishes to purchase another house using MOP funds, or (2) will be using the MOP to refinance his/her current mortgage, or (3) is a prior MOP borrower, the new MOP loan would be a Limited Resource Allocation Loan. Eligibility to apply for a Limited Resource Allocation Loan is not automatic as campus funds for these loans is limited. Interested Faculty should contact the Vice Provost-Academic Personnel for eligibility. Interested SMG Members should contact the Chancellor for eligibility.
Long Term
All fully amortized loans have terms from 10 - 30 years.
Loan Position
MOP loans must be secured on the property by a first deed of trust.
Adjustment
The interest rate is adjusted annually, on the anniversary date of the promissory note. The base rate will be adjusted up or down, to a maximum of 1% annually, to the most recently available four-quarter average of the STIP index. To derive a new interest rate, an administrative fee of .25% will be added to this adjusted base rate.
Lifetime Adjustment Cap
There is an interest rate cap of 10% over the starting interest rate (rate cap effective for loans made on or after January 1, 2014).
Amortization
MOP loans are fully amortized.
Maximum Loan Amount
Each campus determines maximum loan amounts with MOP as sole financing.
Property Guidelines
- Properties must be owner-occupied and must be a single-family residence (including condominiums and units within planned unit developments).
- Property must be the participant's principal place of residence.
- Property must be used primarily for residential non-income producing purposes.
- Property must be 50% or more participant owned.
Location Guidelines
- The campus has defined a "reasonable commuting distance" to be 25 miles or less from UCR.
- For properties located 25 miles or less from the campus, no advance approval is necessary to apply for a MOP loan (assuming the participation and eligibility requirements, above, are met). You may apply anytime.
- For properties located more than 25 miles from campus, prior approval is necessary your request must include compelling justification as to why the purchase of a home that is more than 25 miles from campus is necessary.
For questions about location, please call Marianne Valenti @<PHONE_NUMBER>.
Assumability
Loans under this program are not assumable.
Repayment
Monthly repayment is made through payroll deduction. Repayment in full is required six months after separation from the University, unless separation is due to retirement or disability.
Prepayment
MOP loans carry no prepayment penalties.


|
< Earlier Kibitzing · PAGE 6 OF 6 ·
Later Kibitzing> |
Sep-10-14
| | FSR: <Monozygotic twinning occurs in birthing at a rate of about three in every 1000 deliveries worldwide.[19] The likelihood of a single fertilization resulting in monozygotic twins is uniformly distributed in all populations around the world.[17] This is in marked contrast to dizygotic twinning, which ranges from about six per thousand births in Japan (almost similar to the rate of identical twins, which is around 45) to 15 and more per thousand in some parts of India[21] and up to over 20 in some Central African countries.> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin#I... |
|
Sep-10-14
| | FSR: As for the U.S.:
<The twin birth rate in the United States rose 76% from 1980 through 2009, from 18.9 to 33.3 per 1,000 births.> I daresay that this is related to increasing use of fertility drugs and in vitro fertilizations. |
|
| Sep-10-14 | | john barleycorn: <FSR: As for the U.S.:
<The twin birth rate in the United States rose 76% from 1980 through 2009, from 18.9 to 33.3 per 1,000 births.> I daresay that this is related to increasing use of fertility drugs and in vitro fertilizations.> McDonalds, BurgerKing etc. you name them. |
|
Sep-10-14
| | OhioChessFan: <Will the new royal baby save the Union and will Pippa Middleton finally be godmother?> http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle... |
|
Sep-27-14
| | OhioChessFan: <Prince Harry has been chosen as the UK's favorite royal, with the Queen coming in second place, William in third and Duchess Kate in fourth. Kate took the crown (no pun intended...) in 2013, but has been bumped to 4th place after Harry's incredible year. > http://www.stylelist.com/view/princ... |
|
Sep-27-14
| | HeMateMe: Well, Vegas certainly liked him:
<https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/...> <http://www.hindustantimes.com/Image...> |
|
Oct-03-14
| | HeMateMe: I wonder if Prince Harry will return to the Mideast with the new Brit strike force, and save the Union from further beheadings? Or, has he done the mandatory tour and now he just gets to shag hookers in Vegas? It's good to be the King. It's not bad being the Prince, either. |
|
Oct-06-14
| | HeMateMe: Kate's been ralphing, first trimester blues:
<As during her first pregnancy, she is suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum, or acute morning sickness. The condition involves nausea and vomiting more severe than the typical morning sickness many women suffer during early pregnancy.> |
|
Oct-24-14
| | OhioChessFan: Kate rocks black dress: http://www.stylelist.com/view/duche... |
|
| Oct-24-14 | | john barleycorn: <OhioChessFan: Kate rocks black dress> Where is Ozzy Osburne??? |
|
Nov-09-14
| | OhioChessFan: Are Kate and Pippa feuding?
http://www.stylelist.com/view/are-k... |
|
Nov-09-14
| | HeMateMe: Pip in flannel, dancing with the locals in Wyoming:
<http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014...> |
|
Jan-09-15
| | OhioChessFan: Happy Birthday, Kate:
http://www.aol.com/article/2015/01/... |
|
| Jan-09-15 | | rogge: Ah, the obsession of old and middle-aged men :) |
|
Mar-12-15
| | HeMateMe: Kate visiting the set of Downtown Abbey, the 'old money' wealthy family on the outskirts of London. <http://img.s-msn.com/tenant/amp/ent...> You can see how impressed the actors are with Middleton's presence. The real royals visiting actors playing pseudo royals. That's Lady Mary, top heir, in the middle. She's a babe. |
|
May-02-15
| | OhioChessFan: <Bust open a bottle of Pimm's -- the second royal baby has arrived! Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, gave birth to a little girl Saturday at St. Mary's Hospital, Kensington Palace confirms.> http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/... |
|
May-07-15
| | HeMateMe: Kate stuff:
<http://gossipat.com/wp-content/uplo...> <https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/...> oops!
<http://www.sienteamerica.com/media/...> <http://static.timetobreak.com/wp-co...> |
|
Aug-28-15
| | OhioChessFan: Kate's new hairdo:
http://www.luckyshops.com/article/k... |
|
Dec-17-15
| | OhioChessFan: Kate's best looks this year:
http://us.hellomagazine.com/healtha... |
|
Jan-18-16
| | OhioChessFan: Another royal on the way?
http://okmagazine.com/photos/royal-... |
|
Feb-08-16
| | OhioChessFan: <Duchess Kate dazzles in powder blue McQueen during her first engagement of 2016> http://www.aol.com/article/2016/02/... |
|
Apr-23-16
| | OhioChessFan: 20 Times Pippa Middleton Dressed Up & Showed Her Fancier Side http://thestir.cafemom.com/celebrit... |
|
May-07-16
| | OhioChessFan: 18 Times Queen Elizabeth looked annoyed with Kate Middleton: http://thestir.cafemom.com/celebrit... |
|
Mar-31-18
| | OhioChessFan: <The father-in-law of Pippa Middleton, whose sister Kate is married to Britain's Prince William, has been placed under formal investigation over suspected rape of a minor, a court source told Reuters on Friday.> https://lite.aol.com/entertainment/... |
|
May-05-18
| | OhioChessFan: <As Prince Harry's wedding to Meghan Markle inches closer, public hunger for all things royal will get its dessert as decades-old slices of cake from British royal weddings - including those of Prince Charles and Princess Diana, and Prince William and Kate Middleton - go up for auction.> https://lite.aol.com/entertainment/... |
|
|
|
|
< Earlier Kibitzing · PAGE 6 OF 6 ·
Later Kibitzing> |


|
Pacman
|
Contains function definitions needed for graphics of in game pause menu. More...
Functions | |
| void | initPauseMenuTextures () |
| Initializes the textures for pause menu. More... | |
| void | createPauseHeading () |
| Creates a heading for pause menu. More... | |
| void | printPauseMenu (enum PauseMenuOptions currentOption) |
| Prints the pause menu. More... | |
| enum PauseMenuOptions | ActivatePauseMenu (int difficulty) |
| Activates pause menu. More... | |
| void | destroyPauseMenuTextures () |
Variables | |
| PauseMenuTextures | pauseMenuTextureManager |
| Global variable which contains pause menu textures information. More... | |
Contains function definitions needed for graphics of in game pause menu.
| enum PauseMenuOptions ActivatePauseMenu | ( | int | difficulty | ) |
Activates pause menu.
Activates pause menu on the game screen by handling all the user related input in the menu itself and prints the newly activated menu on the game screen
| difficulty | difficulty of the game |
| void createPauseHeading | ( | ) |
Creates a heading for pause menu.
| void destroyPauseMenuTextures | ( | ) |
| void initPauseMenuTextures | ( | ) |
Initializes the textures for pause menu.
| void printPauseMenu | ( | enum PauseMenuOptions | currentOption | ) |
Prints the pause menu.
| currentOption | option which is currently highlighted |
| PauseMenuTextures pauseMenuTextureManager |
Global variable which contains pause menu textures information.


"Ensemble" and "XYZ Coordinates"
"Ensemble" and
"XYZ Coordinates" are related, but not identical,
types of data in jsCoFE.
"XYZ Coordinates" is a simple type, representing
bare atomic coordinates, commonly obtained from a PDB or mmCIF-formatted files.
"Ensemble" is a complex type used to represent an ensemble of models for
Molecular Replacement (MR). It includes XYZ coordinates of one or more macromolecular
chains (which must be close structural neighbours to each other), but also a
reference to target sequence these chains relate to, along with the corresponding
similarity scores.
In jsCoFE, Molecular Replacement is based solely on using "Ensembles",
rather than models as bare macromolecular chains from "XYZ Coordinates"
There are two main reasons for disallowing direct use of "XYZ Coordinates"
in MR tasks. Firstly, it makes the model preparation step mandatory and
unavoidable. This may seem redundant and even annoying in some cases, but,
in general, a proper preparation of MR model is crucial for MR success.
Secondly, a separate preparatory task identifies specific
"XYZ Coordinates" objects which can be used for MR apart of those
containing, e.g., ligand structures. Alltogether, this results in better
structured projects, clearer task interfaces and, hopefully, fewer mistakes
on user side.
"Ensembles" may be created using one of the following tasks, which should
be run prior attempting MR with Molrep or Phaser (note that
automatic MR pipelines (Balbes, MrBump, MoRDa, Ample,
Simbad) contain own model preparation modules and do not require
"Ensemble" objects on input).
Prepare "Ensemble" from macromolecular sequence.
This task tries to find suitable structural homologues using sequence-based
search in the PDB. All sufficiently similar sequence homologues are clustered
and clusters are scored by similarity to target sequence. All chains in each
cluster are cross-superposed, trimmed as necessary, and then converted to
"Ensembles" data object. All necessary scores, which are used as default
values in consequent
Phaser tasks, are automatically computed and
stored in the resulting
"Ensembles".
Prepare "Ensemble" from "XYZ Coordinates".
This tasks makes a single
"Ensemble" object from one or more macromolecular
chains, represented by the corresponding
"XYZ Coordinates" objects. All
chains are cross-superposed, trimmed as necessary, and then converted to the
"Ensemble" data object. Optionally, a reference to target sequence may be
added to the object. All necessary scores, which are used as default values in
consequent
Phaser tasks, are automatically computed and stored in
the resulting
"Ensemble".


PERLREF
Section: Perl Programmers Reference Guide (1)Updated: 2009-02-12
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
perlref - Perl references and nested data structuresNOTE
This is complete documentation about all aspects of references. For a shorter, tutorial introduction to just the essential features, see perlreftut.DESCRIPTION
Before release 5 of Perl it was difficult to represent complex data structures, because all references had to be symbolic---and even then it was difficult to refer to a variable instead of a symbol table entry. Perl now not only makes it easier to use symbolic references to variables, but also lets you have ``hard'' references to any piece of data or code. Any scalar may hold a hard reference. Because arrays and hashes contain scalars, you can now easily build arrays of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes of functions, and so on.Hard references are smart---they keep track of reference counts for you, automatically freeing the thing referred to when its reference count goes to zero. (Reference counts for values in self-referential or cyclic data structures may not go to zero without a little help; see ``Two-Phased Garbage Collection'' in perlobj for a detailed explanation.) If that thing happens to be an object, the object is destructed. See perlobj for more about objects. (In a sense, everything in Perl is an object, but we usually reserve the word for references to objects that have been officially ``blessed'' into a class package.)
Symbolic references are names of variables or other objects, just as a symbolic link in a Unix filesystem contains merely the name of a file. The *glob notation is something of a symbolic reference. (Symbolic references are sometimes called ``soft references'', but please don't call them that; references are confusing enough without useless synonyms.)
In contrast, hard references are more like hard links in a Unix file system: They are used to access an underlying object without concern for what its (other) name is. When the word ``reference'' is used without an adjective, as in the following paragraph, it is usually talking about a hard reference.
References are easy to use in Perl. There is just one overriding principle: Perl does no implicit referencing or dereferencing. When a scalar is holding a reference, it always behaves as a simple scalar. It doesn't magically start being an array or hash or subroutine; you have to tell it explicitly to do so, by dereferencing it.
Making References
References can be created in several ways.- 1.
-
By using the backslash operator on a variable, subroutine, or value.
(This works much like the & (address-of) operator in C.)
This typically creates another reference to a variable, because
there's already a reference to the variable in the symbol table. But
the symbol table reference might go away, and you'll still have the
reference that the backslash returned. Here are some examples:
$scalarref = \$foo; $arrayref = \@ARGV; $hashref = \%ENV; $coderef = \&handler; $globref = \*foo;
It isn't possible to create a true reference to an IO handle (filehandle or dirhandle) using the backslash operator. The most you can get is a reference to a typeglob, which is actually a complete symbol table entry. But see the explanation of the *foo{THING} syntax below. However, you can still use type globs and globrefs as though they were IO handles.
- 2.
-
A reference to an anonymous array can be created using square
brackets:
$arrayref = [1, 2, ['a', 'b', 'c']];
Here we've created a reference to an anonymous array of three elements whose final element is itself a reference to another anonymous array of three elements. (The multidimensional syntax described later can be used to access this. For example, after the above, "$arrayref->[2][1]" would have the value ``b''.)
Taking a reference to an enumerated list is not the same as using square brackets---instead it's the same as creating a list of references!
@list = (\$a, \@b, \%c); @list = \($a, @b, %c); # same thing!
As a special case, "\(@foo)" returns a list of references to the contents of @foo, not a reference to @foo itself. Likewise for %foo, except that the key references are to copies (since the keys are just strings rather than full-fledged scalars).
- 3.
-
A reference to an anonymous hash can be created using curly
brackets:
$hashref = { 'Adam' => 'Eve', 'Clyde' => 'Bonnie', };
Anonymous hash and array composers like these can be intermixed freely to produce as complicated a structure as you want. The multidimensional syntax described below works for these too. The values above are literals, but variables and expressions would work just as well, because assignment operators in Perl (even within local() or my()) are executable statements, not compile-time declarations.
Because curly brackets (braces) are used for several other things including BLOCKs, you may occasionally have to disambiguate braces at the beginning of a statement by putting a "+" or a "return" in front so that Perl realizes the opening brace isn't starting a BLOCK. The economy and mnemonic value of using curlies is deemed worth this occasional extra hassle.
For example, if you wanted a function to make a new hash and return a reference to it, you have these options:
sub hashem { { @_ } } # silently wrong sub hashem { +{ @_ } } # ok sub hashem { return { @_ } } # ok
On the other hand, if you want the other meaning, you can do this:
sub showem { { @_ } } # ambiguous (currently ok, but may change) sub showem { {; @_ } } # ok sub showem { { return @_ } } # ok
The leading "+{" and "{;" always serve to disambiguate the expression to mean either the HASH reference, or the BLOCK.
- 4.
-
A reference to an anonymous subroutine can be created by using
"sub" without a subname:
$coderef = sub { print "Boink!\n" };
Note the semicolon. Except for the code inside not being immediately executed, a "sub {}" is not so much a declaration as it is an operator, like "do{}" or "eval{}". (However, no matter how many times you execute that particular line (unless you're in an "eval("...")"), $coderef will still have a reference to the same anonymous subroutine.)
Anonymous subroutines act as closures with respect to my() variables, that is, variables lexically visible within the current scope. Closure is a notion out of the Lisp world that says if you define an anonymous function in a particular lexical context, it pretends to run in that context even when it's called outside the context.
In human terms, it's a funny way of passing arguments to a subroutine when you define it as well as when you call it. It's useful for setting up little bits of code to run later, such as callbacks. You can even do object-oriented stuff with it, though Perl already provides a different mechanism to do that---see perlobj.
You might also think of closure as a way to write a subroutine template without using eval(). Here's a small example of how closures work:
sub newprint { my $x = shift; return sub { my $y = shift; print "$x, $y!\n"; }; } $h = newprint("Howdy"); $g = newprint("Greetings"); # Time passes... &$h("world"); &$g("earthlings");
This prints
Howdy, world! Greetings, earthlings!
Note particularly that $x continues to refer to the value passed into newprint() despite ``my $x'' having gone out of scope by the time the anonymous subroutine runs. That's what a closure is all about.
This applies only to lexical variables, by the way. Dynamic variables continue to work as they have always worked. Closure is not something that most Perl programmers need trouble themselves about to begin with.
- 5.
-
References are often returned by special subroutines called constructors. Perl
objects are just references to a special type of object that happens to know
which package it's associated with. Constructors are just special subroutines
that know how to create that association. They do so by starting with an
ordinary reference, and it remains an ordinary reference even while it's also
being an object. Constructors are often named "new()". You can call them
indirectly:
$objref = new Doggie( Tail => 'short', Ears => 'long' );
But that can produce ambiguous syntax in certain cases, so it's often better to use the direct method invocation approach:
$objref = Doggie->new(Tail => 'short', Ears => 'long'); use Term::Cap; $terminal = Term::Cap->Tgetent( { OSPEED => 9600 }); use Tk; $main = MainWindow->new(); $menubar = $main->Frame(-relief => "raised", -borderwidth => 2)
- 6.
- References of the appropriate type can spring into existence if you dereference them in a context that assumes they exist. Because we haven't talked about dereferencing yet, we can't show you any examples yet.
- 7.
-
A reference can be created by using a special syntax, lovingly known as
the *foo{THING} syntax. *foo{THING} returns a reference to the THING
slot in *foo (which is the symbol table entry which holds everything
known as foo).
$scalarref = *foo{SCALAR}; $arrayref = *ARGV{ARRAY}; $hashref = *ENV{HASH}; $coderef = *handler{CODE}; $ioref = *STDIN{IO}; $globref = *foo{GLOB}; $formatref = *foo{FORMAT};
All of these are self-explanatory except for *foo{IO}. It returns the IO handle, used for file handles (``open'' in perlfunc), sockets (``socket'' in perlfunc and ``socketpair'' in perlfunc), and directory handles (``opendir'' in perlfunc). For compatibility with previous versions of Perl, *foo{FILEHANDLE} is a synonym for *foo{IO}, though it is deprecated as of 5.8.0. If deprecation warnings are in effect, it will warn of its use.
*foo{THING} returns undef if that particular THING hasn't been used yet, except in the case of scalars. *foo{SCALAR} returns a reference to an anonymous scalar if $foo hasn't been used yet. This might change in a future release.
*foo{IO} is an alternative to the *HANDLE mechanism given in ``Typeglobs and Filehandles'' in perldata for passing filehandles into or out of subroutines, or storing into larger data structures. Its disadvantage is that it won't create a new filehandle for you. Its advantage is that you have less risk of clobbering more than you want to with a typeglob assignment. (It still conflates file and directory handles, though.) However, if you assign the incoming value to a scalar instead of a typeglob as we do in the examples below, there's no risk of that happening.
splutter(*STDOUT); # pass the whole glob splutter(*STDOUT{IO}); # pass both file and dir handles sub splutter { my $fh = shift; print $fh "her um well a hmmm\n"; } $rec = get_rec(*STDIN); # pass the whole glob $rec = get_rec(*STDIN{IO}); # pass both file and dir handles sub get_rec { my $fh = shift; return scalar <$fh>; }
Using References
That's it for creating references. By now you're probably dying to know how to use references to get back to your long-lost data. There are several basic methods.- 1.
-
Anywhere you'd put an identifier (or chain of identifiers) as part
of a variable or subroutine name, you can replace the identifier with
a simple scalar variable containing a reference of the correct type:
$bar = $$scalarref; push(@$arrayref, $filename); $$arrayref[0] = "January"; $$hashref{"KEY"} = "VALUE"; &$coderef(1,2,3); print $globref "output\n";
It's important to understand that we are specifically not dereferencing $arrayref[0] or $hashref{"KEY"} there. The dereference of the scalar variable happens before it does any key lookups. Anything more complicated than a simple scalar variable must use methods 2 or 3 below. However, a ``simple scalar'' includes an identifier that itself uses method 1 recursively. Therefore, the following prints ``howdy''.
$refrefref = \\\"howdy"; print $$$$refrefref;
- 2.
-
Anywhere you'd put an identifier (or chain of identifiers) as part of a
variable or subroutine name, you can replace the identifier with a
BLOCK returning a reference of the correct type. In other words, the
previous examples could be written like this:
$bar = ${$scalarref}; push(@{$arrayref}, $filename); ${$arrayref}[0] = "January"; ${$hashref}{"KEY"} = "VALUE"; &{$coderef}(1,2,3); $globref->print("output\n"); # iff IO::Handle is loaded
Admittedly, it's a little silly to use the curlies in this case, but the BLOCK can contain any arbitrary expression, in particular, subscripted expressions:
&{ $dispatch{$index} }(1,2,3); # call correct routine
Because of being able to omit the curlies for the simple case of $$x, people often make the mistake of viewing the dereferencing symbols as proper operators, and wonder about their precedence. If they were, though, you could use parentheses instead of braces. That's not the case. Consider the difference below; case 0 is a short-hand version of case 1, not case 2:
$$hashref{"KEY"} = "VALUE"; # CASE 0 ${$hashref}{"KEY"} = "VALUE"; # CASE 1 ${$hashref{"KEY"}} = "VALUE"; # CASE 2 ${$hashref->{"KEY"}} = "VALUE"; # CASE 3
Case 2 is also deceptive in that you're accessing a variable called %hashref, not dereferencing through $hashref to the hash it's presumably referencing. That would be case 3.
- 3.
-
Subroutine calls and lookups of individual array elements arise often
enough that it gets cumbersome to use method 2. As a form of
syntactic sugar, the examples for method 2 may be written:
$arrayref->[0] = "January"; # Array element $hashref->{"KEY"} = "VALUE"; # Hash element $coderef->(1,2,3); # Subroutine call
The left side of the arrow can be any expression returning a reference, including a previous dereference. Note that $array[$x] is not the same thing as "$array->[$x]" here:
$array[$x]->{"foo"}->[0] = "January";
This is one of the cases we mentioned earlier in which references could spring into existence when in an lvalue context. Before this statement, $array[$x] may have been undefined. If so, it's automatically defined with a hash reference so that we can look up "{"foo"}" in it. Likewise "$array[$x]->{"foo"}" will automatically get defined with an array reference so that we can look up "[0]" in it. This process is called autovivification.
One more thing here. The arrow is optional between brackets subscripts, so you can shrink the above down to
$array[$x]{"foo"}[0] = "January";
Which, in the degenerate case of using only ordinary arrays, gives you multidimensional arrays just like C's:
$score[$x][$y][$z] += 42;
Well, okay, not entirely like C's arrays, actually. C doesn't know how to grow its arrays on demand. Perl does.
- 4.
- If a reference happens to be a reference to an object, then there are probably methods to access the things referred to, and you should probably stick to those methods unless you're in the class package that defines the object's methods. In other words, be nice, and don't violate the object's encapsulation without a very good reason. Perl does not enforce encapsulation. We are not totalitarians here. We do expect some basic civility though.
Using a string or number as a reference produces a symbolic reference, as explained above. Using a reference as a number produces an integer representing its storage location in memory. The only useful thing to be done with this is to compare two references numerically to see whether they refer to the same location.
if ($ref1 == $ref2) { # cheap numeric compare of references print "refs 1 and 2 refer to the same thing\n"; }
Using a reference as a string produces both its referent's type, including any package blessing as described in perlobj, as well as the numeric address expressed in hex. The ref() operator returns just the type of thing the reference is pointing to, without the address. See ``ref'' in perlfunc for details and examples of its use.
The bless() operator may be used to associate the object a reference points to with a package functioning as an object class. See perlobj.
A typeglob may be dereferenced the same way a reference can, because the dereference syntax always indicates the type of reference desired. So "${*foo}" and "${\$foo}" both indicate the same scalar variable.
Here's a trick for interpolating a subroutine call into a string:
print "My sub returned @{[mysub(1,2,3)]} that time.\n";
The way it works is that when the<EMAIL_ADDRESS>is seen in the double-quoted string, it's evaluated as a block. The block creates a reference to an anonymous array containing the results of the call to "mysub(1,2,3)". So the whole block returns a reference to an array, which is then dereferenced by<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and stuck into the double-quoted string. This chicanery is also useful for arbitrary expressions:
print "That yields @{[$n + 5]} widgets\n";
Similarly, an expression that returns a reference to a scalar can be dereferenced via "${...}". Thus, the above expression may be written as:
print "That yields ${\($n + 5)} widgets\n";
Symbolic references
We said that references spring into existence as necessary if they are undefined, but we didn't say what happens if a value used as a reference is already defined, but isn't a hard reference. If you use it as a reference, it'll be treated as a symbolic reference. That is, the value of the scalar is taken to be the name of a variable, rather than a direct link to a (possibly) anonymous value.People frequently expect it to work like this. So it does.
$name = "foo"; $$name = 1; # Sets $foo ${$name} = 2; # Sets $foo ${$name x 2} = 3; # Sets $foofoo $name->[0] = 4; # Sets $foo[0] @$name = (); # Clears @foo &$name(); # Calls &foo() (as in Perl 4) $pack = "THAT"; ${"${pack}::$name"} = 5; # Sets $THAT::foo without eval
This is powerful, and slightly dangerous, in that it's possible to intend (with the utmost sincerity) to use a hard reference, and accidentally use a symbolic reference instead. To protect against that, you can say
use strict 'refs';
and then only hard references will be allowed for the rest of the enclosing block. An inner block may countermand that with
no strict 'refs';
Only package variables (globals, even if localized) are visible to symbolic references. Lexical variables (declared with my()) aren't in a symbol table, and thus are invisible to this mechanism. For example:
local $value = 10; $ref = "value"; { my $value = 20; print $$ref; }
This will still print 10, not 20. Remember that local() affects package variables, which are all ``global'' to the package.
Not-so-symbolic references
A new feature contributing to readability in perl version 5.001 is that the brackets around a symbolic reference behave more like quotes, just as they always have within a string. That is,
$push = "pop on "; print "${push}over";
has always meant to print ``pop on over'', even though push is a reserved word. This has been generalized to work the same outside of quotes, so that
print ${push} . "over";
and even
print ${ push } . "over";
will have the same effect. (This would have been a syntax error in Perl 5.000, though Perl 4 allowed it in the spaceless form.) This construct is not considered to be a symbolic reference when you're using strict refs:
use strict 'refs'; ${ bareword }; # Okay, means $bareword. ${ "bareword" }; # Error, symbolic reference.
Similarly, because of all the subscripting that is done using single words, we've applied the same rule to any bareword that is used for subscripting a hash. So now, instead of writing
$array{ "aaa" }{ "bbb" }{ "ccc" }
you can write just
$array{ aaa }{ bbb }{ ccc }
and not worry about whether the subscripts are reserved words. In the rare event that you do wish to do something like
$array{ shift }
you can force interpretation as a reserved word by adding anything that makes it more than a bareword:
$array{ shift() } $array{ +shift } $array{ shift @_ }
The "use warnings" pragma or the -w switch will warn you if it interprets a reserved word as a string. But it will no longer warn you about using lowercase words, because the string is effectively quoted.
Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
Pseudo-hashes have been removed from Perl. The 'fields' pragma remains available.Function Templates
As explained above, an anonymous function with access to the lexical variables visible when that function was compiled, creates a closure. It retains access to those variables even though it doesn't get run until later, such as in a signal handler or a Tk callback.Using a closure as a function template allows us to generate many functions that act similarly. Suppose you wanted functions named after the colors that generated HTML font changes for the various colors:
print "Be ", red("careful"), "with that ", green("light");
The red() and green() functions would be similar. To create these, we'll assign a closure to a typeglob of the name of the function we're trying to build.
@colors = qw(red blue green yellow orange purple violet); for my $name (@colors) { no strict 'refs'; # allow symbol table manipulation *$name = *{uc $name} = sub { "<FONT COLOR='$name'>@_</FONT>" }; }
Now all those different functions appear to exist independently. You can call red(), RED(), blue(), BLUE(), green(), etc. This technique saves on both compile time and memory use, and is less error-prone as well, since syntax checks happen at compile time. It's critical that any variables in the anonymous subroutine be lexicals in order to create a proper closure. That's the reasons for the "my" on the loop iteration variable.
This is one of the only places where giving a prototype to a closure makes much sense. If you wanted to impose scalar context on the arguments of these functions (probably not a wise idea for this particular example), you could have written it this way instead:
*$name = sub ($) { "<FONT COLOR='$name'>$_[0]</FONT>" };
However, since prototype checking happens at compile time, the assignment above happens too late to be of much use. You could address this by putting the whole loop of assignments within a BEGIN block, forcing it to occur during compilation.
Access to lexicals that change over time---like those in the "for" loop above, basically aliases to elements from the surrounding lexical scopes--- only works with anonymous subs, not with named subroutines. Generally said, named subroutines do not nest properly and should only be declared in the main package scope.
This is because named subroutines are created at compile time so their lexical variables get assigned to the parent lexicals from the first execution of the parent block. If a parent scope is entered a second time, its lexicals are created again, while the nested subs still reference the old ones.
Anonymous subroutines get to capture each time you execute the "sub" operator, as they are created on the fly. If you are accustomed to using nested subroutines in other programming languages with their own private variables, you'll have to work at it a bit in Perl. The intuitive coding of this type of thing incurs mysterious warnings about ``will not stay shared'' due to the reasons explained above. For example, this won't work:
sub outer { my $x = $_[0] + 35; sub inner { return $x * 19 } # WRONG return $x + inner(); }
A work-around is the following:
sub outer { my $x = $_[0] + 35; local *inner = sub { return $x * 19 }; return $x + inner(); }
Now inner() can only be called from within outer(), because of the temporary assignments of the anonymous subroutine. But when it does, it has normal access to the lexical variable $x from the scope of outer() at the time outer is invoked.
This has the interesting effect of creating a function local to another function, something not normally supported in Perl.
WARNING
You may not (usefully) use a reference as the key to a hash. It will be converted into a string:
$x{ \$a } = $a;
If you try to dereference the key, it won't do a hard dereference, and you won't accomplish what you're attempting. You might want to do something more like
$r = \@a; $x{ $r } = $r;
And then at least you can use the values(), which will be real refs, instead of the keys(), which won't.
The standard Tie::RefHash module provides a convenient workaround to this.
SEE ALSO
Besides the obvious documents, source code can be instructive. Some pathological examples of the use of references can be found in the t/op/ref.t regression test in the Perl source directory.See also perldsc and perllol for how to use references to create complex data structures, and perltoot, perlobj, and perlbot for how to use them to create objects.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:08 GMT, December 24, 2015


HERO, world
Speed, initiative, and hit-point tracker.
Players
Turn order
Add player
Character name
Speed
Dex:
Body:
End:
Stun:
Add
Save
Load
Clear
Donate
BTC: 155wmpL3rTEuJgYPrLoanXNRP1wAP3xA2W
ETH: 0x2d071d590114512Dd35A3Ef12c91f556736dd851


Use the following code to create a basic inputEx ColorField.
How to listen to the updated event :
The usual 'value' parameter:
You can choose another predefined palette, or a set of custom colors.


McLuhan and the Message of Transmedia Adaptations
03 Feb 2015 tagged inMarshall McLuhan’s writing in _Understanding Media _came off extremely dense and complex for me to comprehend, other than the obvious: “the medium is the message.” I mean, I understood that it was revolutionary, but I couldn’t quite grasp what McLuhan was getting at. But then, I though about mediums that I use and what messages they might be trying to convey. And then it clicked: as someone who has followed several transmedia productions, McLuhan’s concepts seemed all the more pressing. Which makes me wonder: what would McLuhan think of our media (and the way we understand it) today?
For example, what would McLuhan think of Pemberley Digital’s The Lizzie Bennet Diaries (hereafter referred to as LBD), which portrayed Jane Austen’s Elizabeth Bennet as a 21st-century grad student moving back home to figure out her future? Instead of just the printed word, LBD used a number of mediums and accounts to tell the story – namely Twitter, Tumblr, and YouTube. Viewers could pick and choose which mediums to follow the narrative on (though YouTube was the most popular choice.) To interact with the story, viewers could migrate from platform or medium, from character to character. LBD is not the only transmedia production entertaining the idea of an immersive and interactive experience for an audience (literary vlogseries are all the rage now) but it was the first to attract attention for doing so. (It won an Emmy in 2013 for “Outstanding Creative Achievement in Interactive Media-Original Interactive Program.”)
Whether intended by the creators or not, McLuhan’s idea of “the medium is the message” here is central to the experience of watching LBD. Viewers were encouraged to interact with the characters as people, to be a part of this fictional world turned reality. The transmedia production requires an investment on the viewer’s part to stay involved, making the fictional a part of their everyday life. And by using these mediums – platforms designed for personal use – fans could connect with the characters in a way I believe McLuhan would probably find fascinating.
In his 1977 lecture for the Monday Conference that we watched for class, McLuhan talked about the hologram being the ultimate medium, because it would envelop the viewer’s physical presence. But McLuhan lived and studied an age before the advent of new media; his world didn’t have the smartphone or the apps we use on a daily (or if you’re like me, hourly) basis. While a hologram consumes the physical environment, transmedia productions manipulate and dominate the digital one. Lizzie’s Twitter feed reads much like our own, and so we experience her story in a similar way. Her Tumblr reblogged and shared posts from other users. Her YouTube videos broke the fourth wall because there isn’t a fourth wall anymore.
It’s a whole new media landscape we’re inhabiting here – and transmedia productions take advantage of that to play out these literary classics. McLuhan would be thrilled to see how pervasive today’s mediums are with their messages. But perhaps it’s this layering effect will display the greatest medium message of all. The more we interact with new media, the more the lines between reality and fiction become blurry.


In order to simplify the management of the dependencies of an AutoIt project built with AGS, we have diverted form its initial use the dependency manager npm, and its evolution Yarn. This allows us to manage the dependencies of an AGS project with other AutoIt libraries, and to share these AutoIt packages from the npmjs.org repository.
Dependency manager for AutoIt
What is a dependency? A Dependency is an external and standalone package (library) which have one or more files that performs a specific task. Dependency managers are software modules that coordinate the integration of external libraries or packages into larger application stack. Dependency managers use a configuration files to describe the project and its dependencies.
AGS uses the Node.js ecosystem and its dependency manager npm and Yarn.
Package AGS : component ou wrapper
All AGS packages hosted in npmjs.org repository belong to the @autoit-gui-skeleton organization. And you can find two types of package hosted in this organization:
- An AGS-component is an AutoIt library, that you can easy use in your AutoIt project built with the AGS framework. Take a look of AGS-component http-request.
- An AGS-wrapper is a simple wrapper for an another library created by another team/developper. Take a look of AGS-wrapper-json
How to install an AGS package ?
To install an AGS component or wrapper in your project, just type in the root folder where the package.json
is stored:
yarn add @autoit-gui-skeleton/ags-component-xxx --modules-folder vendor
yarn add @autoit-gui-skeleton/ags-wrapper-xxx --modules-folder vendor
Describe an AGS project and its dependencies
To describe an AGS project and its dependencies we naturally use the package.json
file, specific to the Node.js ecosystem. You can find more information about this file, and how to fill it here : https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/package-json/.
{
"name": ApplicationWithCheckForUpdates,
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "Example to implementation of AGS-component-check-for-updates",
"AGS": {
"framework": {
"version": "1.0.0"
},
"AutoIt": {
"version": "<IP_ADDRESS>"
}
},
"author": "v20100v<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"license": "MIT License",
"year": "2018",
"private": true,
"repository": {
"url": "not-yet-git",
"type": "git"
},
"dependencies": {
"@autoit-gui-skeleton/AGS-component-check-for-updates": "^1.0.0"
}
}
And finaly to install all the dependencies of a given project, you just have to launch this command:
yarn install --modules-folder vendor
All project dependencies, as well as daughter dependencies of parent dependencies, are installed in the ./vendor/@autoit-gui-skeleton/
directory. If you add AutoIt library in the vendor directory, we recommend wrapping them so that they are also managed by the dependency manager, in the same way as AGS-wrapper-json
To install AutoIt dependencies in the ./vendor
directory, and not in the default directory of Node.js ./node_modules
, you must add the --modules-folder vendor
option. We force this choice to avoid any confusion with a Node.js project. Note that with an AGS project, it is not necessary to explicitly write this option on the command line, thanks to the .yarnrc
file stored at the root of the project, ie in the same place as the package.json
file. Yarn automatically use this file to add an additional configuration of options.
#./.yarnrc
--modules-folder vendor
So with this file you can run yarn install
to install the dependencies directly into the appropriate ./vendor
directory.
Links related


@(apkDoc: io.prismic.Document, resolver: io.prismic.DocumentLinkResolver)(implicit ctx: Context)
@base.layout(
title = "Mobile",
moreCss = cssTag("mobile.css")) {
Play chess everywhere
@googlePlayButton()
@appleStoreButton()
@Html(~apkDoc.getHtml("doc.content", resolver))
lichess on the go
- Challenge online players
- Play Stockfish level 1 to 8
- Login or play as Anonymous
- Available in 80 languages!
As free as lichess
- Built for the love of chess, not money
- Everybody gets all features for free
- Zero advertisement
- Entirely Open Source as usual
Full featured
- Real time with increment
- Correspondence games
- Over The Board, offline
- VS computer, offline
- Watch Lichess TV
More of the features you love from the website will be added in the near future.
Look out for updates regularly!
}


The closest vector problem is beside the Shortest Vector Problem an interesting problem associated with lattices. A target point given, which is located within the vector space, but does not necessarily have to be a lattice point itself. CVP is looking for a lattice point, which is close to this point. This means the distance of both points has to be minimal.
This is interesting for example in connection with the GGH Cryptosystem, which places its safety in dissolving the CVP.
In this plugin the visualization is only possible in dimension 2.


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{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %} Welcome To Studinger {% endblock %} {% block body %}
Your destination to create and manage class rooms digitally with features like class group chat documents/notes sharing and customized easy to access PDF viewer.
Manage all classes at a single place hassle free with studinger. You don't need to go anywhere!
Manage all the documents of your class easily at one place. They are always safe so you don't need to find here and there for notes and focus only on your studies. For teachers distributing notes only takes a click.
Teachers and students can talk together and discuss problems. Real time chat feels like you are in the same room talking together.


Account Recovery
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{% if choose_carrier %}
In order to verify your identity, we need to know which carrier the phone number ending in {{phone}} belongs to.
{% else %}
Please enter the confirmation number sent to you.
{% endif %}


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UMI3D Unity SDK
2.2.r.210402
A UMI3D sdk implementation using Unity
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Public Attributes | |
| FormDto | form |
| Public Attributes inherited from umi3d.common.interaction.InteractionRequestDto | |
| string | toolId |
| Id of the interactable or tool (in the case of an interaction related to hoverring). More... | |
| string | id |
| Id of the interaction (in the case of an interaction related to hoverring). More... | |
| string | hoveredObjectId |
| The id of the currently hoverred object. It will be always null for an Interaction inside a Tool. For an Interaction inside an Interactable, it could be the Id of the Interactable associated object, or the Id of a sub-object if Interaction.notifyHoverPosition == true. More... | |
| string | boneType |
| The type of bone associated to the user's controller. More... | |
Additional Inherited Members | |||
| Public Member Functions inherited from umi3d.common.UMI3DDto | |||
| byte[] | ToBson () | ||
| string | ToJson () | ||
| Static Public Member Functions inherited from umi3d.common.UMI3DDto | |||
| static byte[] | ToBson (UMI3DDto dto) | ||
| |||
| static string | ToJson (UMI3DDto dto) | ||
| |||
| static UMI3DDto | FromBson (byte[] bson) | ||
| |||
| static UMI3DDto | FromJson (string json) | ||
| |||
| Protected Attributes inherited from umi3d.common.AbstractBrowserRequestDto | |||
| bool | reliable = true | ||
| Defines if the message have to be reliable. More... | |||
| FormDto umi3d.common.interaction.FormAnswer.form |


DMA support for AAX DSP plug-ins, with emulation for AAX Native.
On this page
DMA facility overview
AAX provides an abstract interface for accessing the host environment's DMA or other memory-transfer facilities. All platform-specific details are handled by the AAX host environment, allowing plug-ins that use this interface to be re-targeted to to Native or DSP environments without changing their memory transfer implementation.
DMA transfer modes
AAX hosts may support the following DMA modes, as listed in AAX_IDma::EMode :
- In Scatter mode, data is transferred from a linear buffer to a series of offset segments in a circular buffer. This mode is most often used to transfer data from linear internal memory to a large external memory buffer.
- In Gather mode, data is collected from a series of offset segments in a circular buffer and concatenated in a linear buffer. This mode is most often used to transfer data from an external memory buffer to an internal memory buffer.
- In Burst mode, data is written linearly from one location to another. Burst mode transfers may be used for linear transfers of data to or from external memory. During the transfer, the source data is broken into a series of individual bursts. This mode is included for completeness, though the Scatter/Gather modes are expected to be more appropriate for the vast majority of real-world DMA use cases.
Registering for DMA transfers
Algorithm Components register for DMA transfers by adding one or more DMA fields to their context via AAX_IComponentDescriptor::AddDmaInstance(). At runtime, each field will be populated with a valid DMA interface for the specified DMA mode.
DMA restrictions
The following restrictions apply to DMA transfers on all AAX platforms:
- The maximum burst size for any DMA transfer is 64B. The minimum burst size is 1B.
- Only one DMA transfer request may be posted per AAX_IDma object per processing callback.
- Scatter and Gather requests each require that the circular memory buffer be padded by at least the size of one burst
Additional information
TI Guide


ACF Winter
Last updated: September 5, 2022
ACF Winter is a medium-difficulty tournament (halfway between ACF Fall and ACF Regionals). It is meant for players with a variety of experiences: from players in their first semester of college quizbowl, to players who have been to ACF Nationals. ACF Winter was revived in 2020; the original iterations of ACF Winter were held in 2009 and 2010.
Table of Contents
2022 ACF Winter
2022 ACF Winter will be held on November 5, 2022.
Editors
2022 ACF Winter is head-edited by Joseph Krol.
The subject breakdown by editor is:
| Editor | Subjects |
|---|---|
| Eric Mukherjee | Biology |
| Justin Zhang | Chemistry |
| Joseph Krol | Physics, Other Science, Current Events |
| Henry Goff | British Literature, American Literature, Popular Culture |
| Eve Fleisig | Visual Fine Arts, Auditory Fine Arts, European Literature |
| Athena Kern | World Literature, Religion, Social Science |
| Ani Perumalla | Other Fine Arts, Geography, General Knowledge |
| Hari Parameswaran | American History, European History |
| Govind Prabhakar | Other History, World History |
| Ethan Ashbrook | Mythology, Philosophy |
Online format
We hope that ACF Winter can be held in person. However, we acknowledge that some schools remain uncertain about the possibility of allowing large events due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is possible that some mirrors of ACF Winter will be held online, and we will work to create the most authentic and engaging quizbowl experience possible under these circumstances. We will continue to post updates as we learn more.
Registration
The registration form will open shortly, and will be linked here when available.
If possible, teams should register for the site that is geographically closest to them and/or is in the region they would normally attend.
Field
The field for each site can be found here.
Fees
| Team entry fee or discount | |
|---|---|
| Base fee per team | $150 |
| New to quizbowl discount | −$100 |
| Shorthanded discount (1–2 players) | −$75 |
| Travel discount | −$10 per 200 miles traveled one-way |
| Buzzers | −$10 per functional buzzer system |
| Staffers | −$15 per staffer with functional laptop. Staffers must register with ACF in advance. |
The “new to quizbowl” discount is for schools that have not sent a team to any mainstream collegiate academic tournament (not counting exclusively novice tournaments) since September 2021, and which have no players who competed in non-novice collegiate tournaments during that same period.
Host sites will bill teams as soon as possible after the teams register. Teams should pay their host sites by whatever method is convenient for the hosts, who will in turn pay ACF by check, cash, or PayPal.
See below for packet submission discounts.
The minimum fee is $0 per team.
Packet submission
Any team with at least two people on it who played a mainstream, collegiate, academic quizbowl tournament* (either as a college student or as a high school student) prior to September 1, 2021, is required to submit a half-packet (unless it is a high school team attending a high-school-only mirror). Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if you are unsure whether your team is required to submit a half-packet. A team that is not required to submit a packet may submit an optional packet by the −$0 (no penalty) deadline for a $50 discount.
* For these purposes, all ACF tournaments, NAQT SCT (Division I or Division II), NAQT ICT, and typical college-level academic invitationals count as mainstream collegiate academic tournaments. Pop culture or “hybrid” tournaments, HCASC, and tournaments played on NAQT’s Collegiate Novice series sets do not count.
Here is the submission schedule:
| Submission deadline | Packet discount |
|---|---|
| September 4, 2022 | −$50 |
| September 18, 2022 | −$25 |
| October 2, 2022 | −$0 (no penalty) |
| October 16, 2022 | +$25 |
| October 23, 2022 | +$50 |
There is an additional $10/day penalty for each day after October 23rd. If teams required to submit a half-packet have not submitted by October 30th, they will be dropped from the tournament, with no exceptions.
If your team is going to submit a half-packet, whether required or not, email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to request a distribution. All finished packets must be sent to that email before 11:59 p.m. Pacific Time on the day listed to receive the discount or penalty. Please send the half-packet in .docx format. The email subject line should list the name of the school, the team number (if applicable), and the words “half-packet.”
Your assigned half-packet may ask for questions from more specific categories within the distribution. For instance, instead of being assigned an “American Literature” tossup, you might be asked to write a question on a 20th-century American poem, or an Economics bonus instead of “Social Science/Philosophy.” This should reduce redundancy in submissions and maximize the number of submitted questions we can use, without being too constraining.
If a team wishes to outsource part of its packet to a player not expected to play on that team (e.g., a student who has graduated), it must first receive approval from the head editors. Non-playing students are welcome and encouraged to help their newer club members write, but it’s useful to know the contributors for both credit and logistical reasons.
If multiple teams from one school are submitting packets, they should NOT be aware of each others’ questions.
Tips and guidelines
- Please make sure your questions are harder than questions in ACF Fall and easier than questions in ACF Regionals. 2019 EFT and 2020 ACF Winter are good difficulty targets. A majority of your tossup answers should conceivably be a tossup answer at ACF Fall.
- Questions should be written in 10-point Times New Roman with one-inch margins. Although you may submit longer questions, tossups will be capped at seven lines. Each bonus part should be a maximum of three lines in length, with the majority being one or two lines long.
- When writing bonuses, aim for the easy parts to be converted by around 90% of teams. The giveaways for tossups should also conceivably be answered by the majority of teams. While creative questions are great, don’t sacrifice playability for novelty.
- Especially if you are submitting for one of the later deadlines, the frequency of topic clashes means that broad common-link questions are unlikely to be used.
More information can be found in ACF’s packet submission guidelines.
Distribution
ACF Winter uses the standard ACF distribution, which is the same distribution as ACF Regionals.
Eligibility
For information on who is eligible to play ACF tournaments, see ACF’s official Eligibility Rules.
Hosting
If you are interested in hosting a mirror of ACF Winter, fill out this form. If you have any questions about hosting or about the form, email ACF’s Site Coordinator at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and CC<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Hosts must abide by ACF’s Hosting Guidelines.
Sites
Mirrors will by default be regional. ACF reserves the right to move teams and staffers between sites. ACF intends to mirror 2022 ACF Winter in the following regions:
| Region | Site |
|---|---|
| Northeast | |
| Upstate NY | |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | |
| Southeast | |
| Florida | |
| Great Lakes | |
| Midwest | |
| North | |
| South Central | |
| California | |
| Northwest | |
| Eastern Canada | |
| United Kingdom |
High school mirrors
ACF Winter will be available for high school mirrors. If you want to host a high school mirror of ACF Winter, email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>High school mirrors are restricted to high school teams only; no college teams can participate.
If you have any questions, email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Past tournaments
Sample questions from previous iterations of ACF Winter are on the Collegiate Quizbowl Packet Archive.
Announcements and information about previous iterations of ACF Winter are archived below:


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Summer 2021 Professional Development at CTLT
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The Center for
Teaching, Learning, and Technology offers a wide-range of professional development
opportunities this summer to support how you teach and how your students learn. Once again, we're partnering with talented faculty and staff from across campus to explore topics ranging from online course design and delivery to
effective communication with students regardless of modality.
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{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %}
An online tool for programmers to find projects they can contribute to and project maintainers to find contributors.


Before Change
reg_loss = tf.reduce_mean([tf.reduce_mean(reg_loss)
for reg_loss in reg_losses])
loss = loss + reg_loss
tf.summary.scalar("loss",loss,[engine.logging.CONSOLE,engine.logging.LOG])
////////////////////////////////////
// This should probably be refactored into an application class
// Averages are in name_scope for Tensorboard naming; summaries are outside for console naming
After Change
// This should probably be refactored into an application class
// Averages are in name_scope for Tensorboard naming; summaries are outside for console naming
with tf.name_scope("ConsoleLogging"):
logs=[["loss",loss]]
if param.application_type == "segmentation":
// TODO compute miss for dfferent target types
logs.append(["miss", tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(
tf.not_equal(tf.argmax(predictions, -1), labels[..., 0]),