Package net.sf.jasperreports.engine
Interface JRVariable
-
- All Superinterfaces:
java.lang.Cloneable
,JRCloneable
- All Known Implementing Classes:
JRBaseVariable
,JRDesignVariable
,JRFillVariable
public interface JRVariable extends JRCloneable
An interface for implementing classes that deal with report variables. This interface defines constants for names of built-in variables and for reset, increment and calculation types.Report Variables
Report variables are special objects built on top of a report expression. They can simplify the report template by isolating in one place an expression that is heavily used throughout the report template, and they can perform various calculations based on the corresponding expression. In its expression, a variable can reference other report variables, fields, or parameters. With every iteration through the data source, variables are evaluated/incremented in the same order as they are declared. Therefore, the order of variables as they appear in the report template is very important.Variable Name
Just as for parameters and fields, the name attribute of the<variable>
element is mandatory and allows referencing the variable by its declared name in report expressions.Variable Class
The class attribute contains the name of the class to which the variable values belong. The default isjava.lang.String
, but you can declare report variables of any class as long as the class is available in the classpath, both at report-compilation time and report-filling time.Reset Type
The value of a report variable can change with every iteration, but it can be brought back to the value returned by its initial value expression at specified times during the report filling process. This behavior is controlled using the resetType attribute, which indicates when the variable should be reinitialized during the report-filling process. There are five reset types for a variable:None
- The variable will never be initialized using its initial value expression and will only contain values obtained by evaluating the variable's expressionReport
- The variable is initialized only once, at the beginning of the report-filling process, with the value returned by the variable's initial value expressionPage
- The variable is reinitialized at the beginning of each new page.Column
- The variable is reinitialized at the beginning of each new columnGroup
- The variable is reinitialized every time the group specified by theresetGroup
attributes breaks
Reset Group
If present, theresetGroup
attribute contains the name of a report group and works only in conjunction with theresetType
attribute, whose value must beresetType="Group"
.Increment Type
This property lets you choose the exact moment to increment the variable. By default, variables are incremented with each record in the data source, but in reports with multiple levels of data grouping, some variables might calculate higher-level totals and would need to be incremented only occasionally, not with every iteration through the data source. This attribute uses the same values as the resetType attribute, as follows:None
- The variable is incremented with every record during the iteration through the data sourceReport
- The variable never gets incremented during the report filling process.Page
- The variable is incremented with each new page.Column
- The variable is incremented with each new column.Group
- The variable is incremented every time the group specified by theincrementGroup
attributes breaks
Increment Group
If present, theincrementGroup
attribute contains the name of a report group. It works only in conjunction with theincrementType
attribute, whose value must beincrementType="Group"
.Calculations
As mentioned, variables can perform built-in types of calculations on their corresponding expression values. Following are described all the possible values for thecalculation
attribute of the<variable>
element.Nothing
- This is the default calculation type that a variable performs. It means that the variable's value is recalculated with every iteration in the data source and that the value returned is obtained by simply evaluating the variable's expression.
Count
- A count variable includes in the count the non-null values returned after evaluating the
variable's main expression, with every iteration in the data source. Count variables must
always be of a numeric type. However, they can have non-numeric expressions as their
main expression since the engine does not care about the expression type, but only
counts for the non-null values returned, regardless of their type.
Only the variable's initial value expression should be numeric and compatible with the variable's type, since this value will be directly assigned to the count variable when initialized. DistinctCount
- This type of calculation works just like the
Count
calculation, the only difference being that it ignores repeating values and counts only for distinct non-null values. Sum
- The reporting engine can sum up the values returned by the variable's main expression if
this type of calculation is chosen; but make sure the variable has a numeric type. One
cannot calculate the sum of a
java.lang.String
orjava.util.Date
type of report variable unless a customized variable incrementer is used. Average
- The reporting engine can also calculate the average for the series of values obtained by evaluating the variable's expression for each record in the data source. This type of calculation can be performed only for numeric variables.
Lowest
andHighest
- Choose this type of calculation when you want to obtain the lowest or highest value in the series of values obtained by evaluating the variable's expression for each data source record.
StandardDeviation
andVariance
- In some special reports, you might want to perform more advanced types of calculations on numeric expressions. JasperReports has built-in algorithms to obtain the standard deviation and the variance for the series of values returned by evaluation of a report variable's expression.
System
- This type of calculation can be chosen only when you don't want the engine to calculate any value for the variable. That means you are calculating the value for that variable yourself, almost certainly using the scriptlets functionality of JasperReports. For this type of calculation, the only thing the engine does is to conserve the calculated value from one iteration in the data source to the next.
First
- When using the calculation type
First
, the variable will keep the value obtained after the first incrementation and will not change it until the reset event occurs.
Quantity
:<variable name="QuantitySum" class="java.lang.Double" calculation="Sum"> <variableExpression>$F{Quantity}</variableExpression> </variable>
If you want the sum of this field for each page, here's the complete variable declaration:<variable name="QuantitySum" class="java.lang.Double" resetType="Page" calculation="Sum"> <variableExpression>$F{Quantity}</variableExpression> <initialValueExpression>0</initialValueExpression> </variable>
In this example, the page sum variable will be initialized with zero at the beginning of each new page.Incrementers
All calculations in the JasperReports engine are performed incrementally. This is obvious for variables that calculate counts, sums, or the highest and lowest value of a series, but is also true for more complex calculations like average or standard deviation. There are formulas that allow updating the average value of a series when a new element is added, so the average is updated with each iteration through the data source. JasperReports provides a built-in set of calculations that depend on the type of the data involved. You can also create custom calculation capabilities using simple interfaces. If a variable needs to perform a certain type of calculation on some special data, implement theJRIncrementer
interface and associate that implementation with a report variable that shows the JasperReports engine how to handle that custom calculation. To associate custom types of calculations with a given report variable, set theincrementerFactoryClass
attribute to the name of a class that implements theJRIncrementerFactory
interface. The factory class will be used by the engine to instantiate incrementer objects at runtime depending on the calculation attribute set for the variable. Such customized calculations could be useful for making JasperReports sum upjava.lang.String
values or for teaching it how to calculate the average value of some custom-made numeric data (third-party optimized implementations of big decimal numbers, for instance).GroupName_COUNT Built-In Variable
When declaring a report group, the engine will automatically create a count variable that will calculate the number of records that make up the current group (number of records processed between group ruptures). The name for this variable comes from the name of the group it corresponds to, suffixed with the "_COUNT
" sequence. It can be used like any other report variable, in any report expression (even in the current group expression like you can see done in the "BreakGroup" of the jasper sample).- Author:
- Teodor Danciu<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-
-
Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field Description static java.lang.String
COLUMN_COUNT
This variable contains the number of records that were processed when generating the current column.static java.lang.String
COLUMN_NUMBER
Built-in variable containing the current column number.static java.lang.String
MASTER_CURRENT_PAGE
A variable that provides the current master report page number.static java.lang.String
MASTER_TOTAL_PAGES
A variable that provides the number of master report pages.static java.lang.String
PAGE_COUNT
Built-in variable containing the number of records that were processed when generating the current page.static java.lang.String
PAGE_NUMBER
Built-in variable containing the current page number.static java.lang.String
REPORT_COUNT
Built-in variable that contains the total number of records read from the datasource.
-
Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Abstract Methods Modifier and Type Method Description CalculationEnum
getCalculationValue()
Gets the variable calculation type.java.lang.String
getDescription()
Gets the variable optional description.JRExpression
getExpression()
Returns the main expression for this variable.java.lang.Class<?>
getIncrementerFactoryClass()
Returns the class of the incrementer factory used for choosing the right incrementer for the variable value.java.lang.String
getIncrementerFactoryClassName()
Returns the string name of the variable value class.JRGroup
getIncrementGroup()
Returns the group whose break triggers the variable increment.IncrementTypeEnum
getIncrementTypeValue()
Gets the variable increment type.JRExpression
getInitialValueExpression()
Returns the initial value expression for this variable.java.lang.String
getName()
Returns the name of the variable.JRGroup
getResetGroup()
Returns the group whose break triggers the variable reset.ResetTypeEnum
getResetTypeValue()
Gets the variable reset type.java.lang.Class<?>
getValueClass()
Returns the class of the variable value.java.lang.String
getValueClassName()
Returns the string name of the variable value class.boolean
isSystemDefined()
Returnstrue
if the variable calculation type is system defined.void
setDescription(java.lang.String description)
Sets the variable description.-
Methods inherited from interface net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JRCloneable
clone
-
-
-
-
Field Detail
-
REPORT_COUNT
static final java.lang.String REPORT_COUNT
Built-in variable that contains the total number of records read from the datasource. After finishing iterating throught the datasource, it will contain the total number of records that were processed.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
PAGE_COUNT
static final java.lang.String PAGE_COUNT
Built-in variable containing the number of records that were processed when generating the current page.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
COLUMN_COUNT
static final java.lang.String COLUMN_COUNT
This variable contains the number of records that were processed when generating the current column.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
PAGE_NUMBER
static final java.lang.String PAGE_NUMBER
Built-in variable containing the current page number. At the end of the report filling process, it will contain the total number of pages for the resulting document.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
COLUMN_NUMBER
static final java.lang.String COLUMN_NUMBER
Built-in variable containing the current column number.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
MASTER_CURRENT_PAGE
static final java.lang.String MASTER_CURRENT_PAGE
A variable that provides the current master report page number.It can only be used in text elements with
Master
evaluation time, it evaluates tonull
before the moment in which master elements are resolved.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
MASTER_TOTAL_PAGES
static final java.lang.String MASTER_TOTAL_PAGES
A variable that provides the number of master report pages.It can only be used in text elements with
Master
evaluation time, it evaluates tonull
before the moment in which master elements are resolved.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
-
Method Detail
-
getName
java.lang.String getName()
Returns the name of the variable. Since all variables are stored in a map, the variable names are the keys in the map.- Returns:
- a string containing the variable name
-
getDescription
java.lang.String getDescription()
Gets the variable optional description.
-
setDescription
void setDescription(java.lang.String description)
Sets the variable description.
-
getValueClass
java.lang.Class<?> getValueClass()
Returns the class of the variable value. Any class is allowed as long as it is in the classpath at compile and run time.- Returns:
- a Class instance representing the variable value class
-
getValueClassName
java.lang.String getValueClassName()
Returns the string name of the variable value class.
-
getIncrementerFactoryClass
java.lang.Class<?> getIncrementerFactoryClass()
Returns the class of the incrementer factory used for choosing the right incrementer for the variable value.- Returns:
- the Class instance of the incrementer factory
- See Also:
JRIncrementer
,JRIncrementerFactory
-
getIncrementerFactoryClassName
java.lang.String getIncrementerFactoryClassName()
Returns the string name of the variable value class.
-
getResetTypeValue
ResetTypeEnum getResetTypeValue()
Gets the variable reset type.- Returns:
- a value representing one of the reset type constants in
ResetTypeEnum
-
getIncrementTypeValue
IncrementTypeEnum getIncrementTypeValue()
Gets the variable increment type.- Returns:
- a value representing one of the reset type constants in
IncrementTypeEnum
-
getCalculationValue
CalculationEnum getCalculationValue()
Gets the variable calculation type.- Returns:
- a value representing one of the calculation type constants in
CalculationEnum
-
isSystemDefined
boolean isSystemDefined()
Returnstrue
if the variable calculation type is system defined.- See Also:
CalculationEnum.SYSTEM
-
getExpression
JRExpression getExpression()
Returns the main expression for this variable. The expression must be numeric for certain calculation types.- Returns:
- a
JRExpression
instance containing the expression.
-
getInitialValueExpression
JRExpression getInitialValueExpression()
Returns the initial value expression for this variable. The expression must be numeric for certain calculation types.- Returns:
- a
JRExpression
instance containing the initial expression.
-
getResetGroup
JRGroup getResetGroup()
Returns the group whose break triggers the variable reset. Only used whengetResetTypeValue()
returnsResetTypeEnum.GROUP
.
-
getIncrementGroup
JRGroup getIncrementGroup()
Returns the group whose break triggers the variable increment. Only used whengetIncrementTypeValue()
returnsIncrementTypeEnum.GROUP
.
-
-


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Part II: The Standard Library
Architecture of the library • Running the code examples • A minimal story
Populating the game world • Defining new predicates • Object locations • Dynamic predicates • Hidden objects
Custom traits • Linguistic predicates and traits • Full names • Standard traits for categorizing objects
Pristine and handled objects • Plural forms • Appearance
Rooms and map connections • Floating objects • Regions • Light and darkness • Reachability, visibility, and scope • Doors and locks • Moving the player character • Path finding
Introduction to actions • How actions are processed • Stopping and ticking • Instead of, prevent, and perform • Narration predicates • Diversion • Refuse and before
Core actions • Actions that reveal information • Actions that print a message • Diverting actions • Communication • Navigation • Miscellaneous actions • Debugging actions
Timed code • Cutscenes • The intro • Keeping score • The status bar • Game over
Complex actions • The parsing process • Parsing actions • Defining new actions • Parsing object names • Directions and numbers • Topics • Adjusting the likelihood of actions • Synonyms • Asking for clarification • Rule order • Example: Defining a new action
Pronouns • List manipulation • Object tree manipulation • Predicates for debugging • Common checks and complaints • Asking simple questions • Identical objects


--- layout: post tags: [Castle Windsor, Dependency Injection, Services, ASP.NET Web API] date: 2012-10-03 03:45:22 UTC title: "Dependency Injection in ASP.NET Web API with Castle Windsor" description: "This post describes how to compose Controllers with Castle Windsor in the ASP.NET Web API" --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
In my previous post I described how to use Dependency Injection (DI) in the ASP.NET Web API using Poor Man's DI. It explained the basic building blocks, including the relevant extensibility points in the Web API. Poor Man's DI can be an easy way to get started with DI and may be sufficient for a small code base, but for larger code bases you may want to adopt a more convention-based approach. Some DI Containers provide excellent support for Convention over Configuration. One of these is Castle Windsor.
Instead of the PoorMansCompositionRoot from the example in the previous post, you can create an implementation of IHttpControllerActivator that acts as an Adapter over Castle Windsor:
public class WindsorCompositionRoot : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IWindsorContainer container; public WindsorCompositionRoot(IWindsorContainer container) { this.container = container; } public IHttpController Create( HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { var controller = (IHttpController)this.container.Resolve(controllerType); request.RegisterForDispose( new Release( () => this.container.Release(controller))); return controller; } private class Release : IDisposable { private readonly Action release; public Release(Action release) { this.release = release; } public void Dispose() { this.release(); } } }
That's pretty much all there is to it, but there are a few points of interest here. First of all, the class implements IHttpControllerActivator just like the previous PoorMansCompositionRoot. That's the extensibility point you need to implement in order to create Controller instances. However, instead of hard-coding knowledge of concrete Controller classes into the Create method, you delegate creation of the instance to an injected IWindsorContainer instance. However, before returning the IHttpController instance created by calling container.Resolve, you register that object graph for disposal.
With Castle Windsor decommissioning is done by invoking the Release method on IWindsorContainer. The input into the Release method is the object graph originally created by IWindsorContainer.Resolve. That's the rule from the Register Resolve Release pattern: What you Resolve you must also Release. This ensures that if the Resolve method created a disposable instance (even deep in the object graph), the Release method signals to the container that it can now safely dispose of it. You can read more about this subject in my book.
The RegisterForDispose method takes as a parameter an IDisposable instance, and not a Release method, so you must wrap the call to the Release method in an IDisposable implementation. That's the little private Release class in the code example. It adapts an Action delegate into a class which implements IDisposable, invoking the code block when Dispose is invoked. The code block you pass into the constructor of the Release class is a closure around the outer variables this.container
and controller
so when the Dispose method is called, the container releases the controller (and the entire object graph beneath it).
With the WindsorCompositionRoot class in place, all that's left is to set it all up in Global.asax. Since IWindsorContainer itself implements IDisposable, you should create and configure the container in the application's constructor so that you can dispose it when the application exits:
private readonly IWindsorContainer container; public WebApiApplication() { this.container = new WindsorContainer().Install(new DependencyConventions()); } public override void Dispose() { this.container.Dispose(); base.Dispose(); }
Notice that you can configure the container with the Install method directly in the constructor. That's the Register phase of the Register Resolve Release pattern.
In Application_Start you tell the ASP.NET Web API about your WindsorCompositionRoot instead of PoorMansCompositionRoot from the previous example:
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace( typeof(IHttpControllerActivator), new WindsorCompositionRoot(this.container));
Notice that the container
instance field is passed into the constructor of WindsorCompositionRoot, so that it can use the container instance to Resolve Controller instances.
Setting up DI in the ASP.NET Web API with a DI Container is easy, and it would work very similarly with other containers (not just Castle Windsor), although the Release mechanisms tend to be a bit different from container to container. You'll need to create an Adapter from IHttpControllerActivator to your container of choice and set it all up in the Global.asax.
Comments
I am getting an error -
The type or namespace name 'DependencyConventions' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
I added Castle windsor via Nuget in VS 2012 Web Express.
What's the problem?
Thanks,
Mahesh.
Not even remotely related to Web API, but I was wondering if a blog post about CQRS and DI in general was in the pipeline. Last time I posted I hadn't read your book, now that I have, I'm finding myself reading your blog posts like a book and I can't wait for the next. Great book by the way, can't recommend it enough, unless you're on some sort of diet.
Luis
Does the above implementation also resolve normal MVC4 website controllers? If so is there any extra setup required in the Global.asax file? Prior to MVC4 I was using the ControllerFactory method described in your book but is this still the best way?
How about using Windsor/above technique for injecting dependencies into MVC 4 attributes? I am using customized Authorize and ExceptionFilter attributes and so far I have not found a nice, easy and clean way to inject dependencies into them?
A better approach is to use global filters with behaviour, and use only passive attributes.
Autofac has the concept of LifetimeScopes. Using these, the code looks like the following:
public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType)
{
var scope = _container.BeginLifetimeScope();
var controller = (IHttpController)scope.Resolve(controllerType);
request.RegisterForDispose(scope);
return controller;
}
If you want to register dependencies that are different for every request (like Hyprlinkr's RouteLinker), you can do this when beginning the lifetime scope:
public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType)
{
var scope = _container.BeginLifetimeScope(x => RegisterRequestDependantResources(x, request));
var controller = (IHttpController)scope.Resolve(controllerType);
request.RegisterForDispose(scope);
return controller;
}
private static void RegisterRequestDependantResources(ContainerBuilder containerBuilder, HttpRequestMessage request)
{
containerBuilder.RegisterInstance(new RouteLinker(request));
containerBuilder.RegisterInstance(new ResourceLinkVerifier(request.GetConfiguration()));
}
Sorry for the formatting, I have no idea how to format code here.
Nice article.
As I understand WebApiApplication can be instantiated several times and disposed several times as well. This page(http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/ms178473.aspx) says "The Application_Start and Application_End methods are special methods that do not represent HttpApplication events. ASP.NET calls them once for the lifetime of the application domain, not for each HttpApplication instance."
So as I understand your approach we can get into a situation using disposed context.
What do you think about this?
Anyway your example is very useful for me.
As there are multiple instances of HttpApplication per application
(If I put a breakpoint in the constructor it gets hit multiple times)
As you can see by these articles, there is not a single instance of HttpApplication, but multiple
http://lowleveldesign.wordpress.com/2011/07/20/global-asax-in-asp-net/
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a0xez8f2(v=vs.71).aspx
wouldn't it be more appropriate to go in Application_Start?
I've been studying this article and some of your answers like this one to StackOverflow questions pertaining to DI. It seems that the established community efforts to integrate popular IoC containers such as Ninject are, at their core,implementations of IDependencyResolver, rather than IHttpControllerActivator.
Are these popular community efforts missing the 'access to context' trait of your solution, or are they simply accomplishing it another way? Are there any established projects, open-source or otherwise, that do what you propose, or is this still an untapped 'pull request' opportunity for projects like the Ninject MVC, etc?
Jeff, thank you for writing. You are indeed correct that one of the many problems with the Service Locator anti-pattern (and therefore also IDependencyResolver) is that the overall context is hidden. Glenn Block originally pointed that particular problem out to me.
This is also the case with IDependencyResolver, because when GetService(Type) or GetServices(Type) is invoked, the only information the composition engine knows, is the requested type. Thus, resolving something that requires access to the HttpRequestMessage or one of its properties, is impossible with IDependencyResolver, but perfectly possible with IHttpControllerActivator.
So, yes, I would definitely say that any DI Container that provides 'ASP.NET Web API integration' by implementing IDependencyResolver is missing out. In any case, these days I rarely use a DI Container, so I don't consider it a big deal - and if I need to use a DI Container, I just need to add those few lines of code listed above in this blog post.
Can't figure out, how is it better to organize my solution.
There are, for example, three projects Cars.API, Cars.Core, and Cars.Data. API contains web-interface, Core contains all the abstractions, and Data communicates with DB. Data and API should depend on Core according to Dependency inversion principle. At this point everything seems to be clear, but then we implement our Composition Root in the API project, which makes it dependent on the Data project containing implementations of abstractions that are stored in Core project. Is it violation of Dependency inversion principle?
P.S. thank you for your book and the articles you write.
Dmitry, thank you for writing. Does this or this help?
In the Configuring the Container section, you are placing the Install inside the constructor. Whenever the application starts up or executes a request, the constructor seems to be called multiple times. In turn, the container will be created multiple times throughout its life time. Is that the point? Or should the container be moved into the Application_Start? Although the constructor is called multiple times, application start seems to be called once. The dispose doesnt seem to be called till the end as well. Is there something earlier in the lifecycle that would cause a need for the Register to be done in the constructor?
I very much enjoy your book and your blog btw. great source of solid information!
Andrew, thank you for writing. In general, I don't recall that this has ever been an issue, but see previous threads in the comments for this post. The question's come up before.
I do, however, admit that I've never formally studied the question like I did with WCF, so it's possible that I'm wrong on this particular issue. Also, details of the framework could have changed in the five years that's gone by since I wrote the article.


The New Year Clock by Ben Hovinga is your way to countdown to the new year. Use it anywhere that supports JavaScript. If you want to learn more about this check out the FAQ.


This jQuery plugin
changes font size
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to harmonize text
with their parent element
like this!
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Download on GitHub


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A Leading University has to have a track record of producing well qualified, gifted and employable candidates. Which schools earn the accolade?Newsweek Special Edition: Food as Medicine
Humans have been using natural remedies like spices and herbs to heal common ailments for centuries. Now food science is proving many of those traditions true and innovating new ways to heal our bodies from the inside out. Discover the power of plant-based nutrition with this Newsweek Special Edition and start your journey to a healthier you.Best Infection Prevention Products
During the coronavirus outbreak, health care is more important than ever. In Newsweek's first Best Health Care series, we highlight the best infection prevention products.Best Addiction Treatment Centers
Newsweek and Statista are partnering to establish a ranking of Best Addiction Treatment Centers in the United States. If you work in this field, this survey is for you.See All Features


This log tracks daily accumulation of serosanguineous fluid from a JP Drain following a parotidectomy to remove tissue from the parotid, submandibular, and lymph node for biopsy. The drain was cleaned with alcohol each time, and the wound kept uncovered and clean. Daily output of less than 25mL is considered appropriate for drain removal, and it seems logical that the timing of this event would vary based on the procedure. This log aims to help pinpoint this event for a single case.


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This inspection reports all fields, methods or classes, found in the specified inspection scope, that may have a
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