{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %} {{ block.super }} - Home {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Map of the distribution of clients around the world
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India | 2 | 100% |
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United Kingdom | 0 | 0% |
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Australia | 0 | 0% |
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Canada | 0 | 0% |


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export CVSROOT=:pserver:anonymous@remotesensing.org:/cvsroot cvs login # use password "anonymous" cvs checkout libtiff cvs checkout libtiff-lzw-compression-kit
This software provides support for the Tag Image File Format (TIFF), a widely used format for storing image data. The latest version of the TIFF specification is available on-line in several different formats, as are a number of Technical Notes (TTN's).
Included in this software distribution is a library, libtiff, for reading and writing TIFF, a small collection of tools for doing simple manipulations of TIFF images on UNIX systems, and documentation on the library and tools. A small assortment of TIFF-related software for UNIX that has been contributed by others is also included.
The library, along with associated tool programs, should handle most of your needs for reading and writing TIFF images on 32- and 64-bit machines. This software can also be used on older 16-bit systems though it may require some effort and you may need to leave out some of the compression support.
The software was orginally authored and maintained by Sam Leffler. While he keeps a fatherly eye on the mailing list, he is no longer responsible for day to day maintenance.
Questions should be sent to the TIFF mailing list<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The persons responsible for putting up this site and putting together versions >= 3.5.1 are Frank Warmerdam and Mike Welles.
The following sections are included in this documentation:


You Spey, I Spey - Part 2
I lucked into 50 mL samples of The Macallan 12 Year Sherry Cask and 12 Year Double Cask. These are classy samplers that come with their own box. That’s probably why they cost so much more than the Jack samples I’ll get to when I venture stateside.
I had a Macallan 12 sherry expression years ago and it didn’t leave much of an impression. I’m not looking at any tasting notes before trying these this time.  And that these are Speyside, keeping with my theme and going against my desire to drink Lagavulin.
Macallan 12 - Sherry Cask
- 43% ABV
- Matured in Sherry Oak casks from Jerez, Spain
- $8.49/50mL -> $2.55/15mL pour
My take:
- Nose: more intense sherry than the Double Cask. It smells nice and sweet and rounded. Fruit notes along with some vanilla and wood notes. Nowhere near as intense as the A’bunadh yesterday. I detect more sherry the longer I sit with it and compare it to the Double Cask.
- Taste: Nice and light in the mouth. Not much numbing. I get general sherry notes.
- Finish: rather short. Mostly sherry notes.
Macallan 12 - Double Cask
- 43% ABV
- Matured in Sherry seasoned American and European Oak casks
- $8.99/50mL -> $2.70/15mL pour
My take:
- Nose: Smells about the same as the sherry version, just a little less intense. I get a bit more darker woody notes after letting it sit a bit. i
- Taste: There’s more going on here than the Sherry version. More woodiness with some sherry undertones. A bit more numbing. I detect more wood the longer I sit with it. There’s a bit more of an alcohol hit here than with the sherry.
- Finish: The sherry comes out in a nice sweet finish. The finish is more memorable here - not sure if it actually lasts longer or if the reveal of sweetness adds a nice dimension to the dram.
Conclusions
The relationship between these two reminds me a lot of the relationship between Bushmills Original and Jameson standard - the bushmills was smoother and the Jameson had a bit more going on. Here, the sherry version is smoother and the Double Caks has a bit more going on. I preferred the Bushmills in the Irish comparison but this one is a bit more of a toss up. The sherry version is simpler but it’s really nice. I appreciate how a sip of the Double Cask evolves from vanilla/woody in the mouth to sherry in the finish. I think this choice depends on your mood.
Whisky Bob signing off.
Previous: You Spey, I Spey - Part 1


Test Driven Development
Slides are at https://tdd.josephabell.co.uk
Wikipedia says:
Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development process that relies on the repetition
of a very short development cycle.
- Requirements are turned into very specific test cases.
- The software is improved to pass the new tests, only.
Benefits
- Tickets should become more clear.
- By the end of analysis the tickets should have unambiguous requirements.
- Tests should cover the requirements of the ticket and not assumptions of the developer.
- After the tests are written, if the ticket needs to go back to next, another developer could write the code to fix the tests, and pass all requirements of the ticket.
- The tests will explain the developer's thought process, which will aid clarity to other members of the team.
More Benefits
- QA can be involved from the start of the ticket, to catch areas the Devs have missed.
- Less feature creep. If a Dev feels the need to add more tests after analysis, they should check whether the extra work is out of scope.
- QAs get evidence that the requirements for a ticket are tested and fulfilled.
- Communication between Ticket Owner, Dev and QA throughout the life of the ticket.
Analysis
- If the ticket has some ambiguity, it could be that the ticket has not met our definition of ready.
- If the ambiguity is an implementation detail, remove all ambiguity during the analysis phase.
- If the ticket doesn't have a set of requirements in the description, add them.
- Make sure that the requirements include different scenarios if needed.
Analysis
- If a requirement cannot be easily translated into a test, rewrite it until it can be.
- If more requirements have been added, get agreement that the new requirements are in scope. It could be that a new ticket is needed.
- Check with the team to make sure requirements and tests cover all they need to before entering the development phase of the ticket.
- Use analysis as a requirement and test review stage.
Writing tests
- Write tests during the analysis stage.
- Start small.
- Test iteratively.
- Tests should follow logically from the previous tests.
- Only write tests that help meet the requirements.
- Write the tests before writing code.
- If the test fails before writing your code, this means that you are testing the right thing.
- If the test already passes before you write any code because previous code covers your test, break your code to make sure that the test fails as expected. Fix your code again afterwards.
Writing code
- Only write code that fixes tests.
- If code isn't relevant to a test, it needs a test or is out of scope.
- Fix tests in the most simple way possible.
- Fix one test at a time.
- Keep previous tests running when fixing a new test to stop you breaking previous functionality.
Merge Requests
Now all the requirements have passing tests, check to see if the code can be improved. After you are happy, ask your favourite code enforcer to check your work.
We are writing code to help people play a game called Buffalo. The rules:
- If the minute hand of a clock is on the right, between 0 and 29 minutes, drink with your right hand.
- If the minute hand of a clock is on the left, between 30 and 59 minutes, drink with your left hand.
- If a player is caught drinking with the wrong hand, bad things happen.
Requirements
We want a function called buffalo that takes a number between 0 and 59, and returns either the word 'right' or 'left' depending on the number's value.
- If the number is between 0 and 29, return 'right'.
- If the number is between 30 and 59, return 'left'.
- If the number is less than 0 or greater than 59, return nothing.
Demo Time!
I'm almost done, promise.
Done!
We should have tests that match the initial requirements, and code that fulfills the tests.
Make sure that your tests cover the requirements, and the code is the simplest it can be while passing the tests.
:D


Reports unicode escape sequences that are unnecessary, i.e. the file's encoding can handle the character without escaping it. Unicode control characters, except for line feed and tab, are not reported by this inspection.


Types
In Swift, there are two kinds of types: named types and compound types. A named type is a type that can be given a particular name when it’s defined. Named types include classes, structures, enumerations, and protocols. For example, instances of a user-defined class named MyClass
have the type MyClass
. In addition to user-defined named types, the Swift standard library defines many commonly used named types, including those that represent arrays, dictionaries, and optional values.
Data types that are normally considered basic or primitive in other languages—such as types that represent numbers, characters, and strings—are actually named types, defined and implemented in the Swift standard library using structures. Because they’re named types, you can extend their behavior to suit the needs of your program, using an extension declaration, discussed in Extensions and Extension Declaration.
A compound type is a type without a name, defined in the Swift language itself. There are two compound types: function types and tuple types. A compound type may contain named types and other compound types. For instance, the tuple type (Int, (Int, Int))
contains two elements: The first is the named type Int
, and the second is another compound type (Int, Int)
.
You can put parentheses around a named type or a compound type. However, adding parentheses around a type doesn’t have any effect. For example, (Int)
is equivalent to Int
.
This chapter discusses the types defined in the Swift language itself and describes the type inference behavior of Swift.
Grammar of a type
type → array-type
type → dictionary-type
type → function-type
type → type-identifier
type → tuple-type
type → optional-type
type → implicitly-unwrapped-optional-type
type → protocol-composition-type
type → metatype-type
type
→
(
type)
Type Annotation
A type annotation explicitly specifies the type of a variable or expression. Type annotations begin with a colon (:
) and end with a type, as the following examples show:
let someTuple: (Double, Double) = (3.14159, 2.71828)
func someFunction(a: Int) { /* ... */ }
In the first example, the expression someTuple
is specified to have the tuple type (Double, Double)
. In the second example, the parameter a
to the function someFunction
is specified to have the type Int
.
Type annotations can contain an optional list of type attributes before the type.
Grammar of a type annotation
type-annotation
→
:
attributesoptinout
opttype
Type Identifier
A type identifier refers to either a named type or a type alias of a named or compound type.
Most of the time, a type identifier directly refers to a named type with the same name as the identifier. For example, Int
is a type identifier that directly refers to the named type Int
, and the type identifier Dictionary<String, Int>
directly refers to the named type Dictionary<String, Int>
.
There are two cases in which a type identifier doesn’t refer to a type with the same name. In the first case, a type identifier refers to a type alias of a named or compound type. For instance, in the example below, the use of Point
in the type annotation refers to the tuple type (Int, Int)
.
typealias Point = (Int, Int)
let origin: Point = (0, 0)
In the second case, a type identifier uses dot (.
) syntax to refer to named types declared in other modules or nested within other types. For example, the type identifier in the following code references the named type MyType
that is declared in the ExampleModule
module.
var someValue: ExampleModule.MyType
Grammar of a type identifier
type-identifier
→
type-namegeneric-argument-clauseopt
type-namegeneric-argument-clauseopt.
type-identifier
type-name → identifier
Tuple Type
A tuple type is a comma-separated list of types, enclosed in parentheses.
You can use a tuple type as the return type of a function to enable the function to return a single tuple containing multiple values. You can also name the elements of a tuple type and use those names to refer to the values of the individual elements. An element name consists of an identifier followed immediately by a colon (:). For an example that demonstrates both of these features, see Functions with Multiple Return Values.
When an element of a tuple type has a name, that name is part of the type.
var someTuple = (top: 10, bottom: 12) // someTuple is of type (top: Int, bottom: Int)
someTuple = (top: 4, bottom: 42) // OK: names match
someTuple = (9, 99) // OK: names are inferred
someTuple = (left: 5, right: 5) // Error: names don't match
All tuple types contain two or more types, except for Void
which is a type alias for the empty tuple type, ()
.
Grammar of a tuple type
tuple-type
→
(
)
(
tuple-type-element,
tuple-type-element-list)
tuple-type-element-list
→
tuple-type-element
tuple-type-element,
tuple-type-element-list
tuple-type-element → element-nametype-annotation type
element-name → identifier
Function Type
A function type represents the type of a function, method, or closure and consists of a parameter and return type separated by an arrow (->
):
(parameter type) -> return type
The parameter type is comma-separated list of types. Because the return type can be a tuple type, function types support functions and methods that return multiple values.
A parameter of the function type () -> T
(where T
is any type) can apply the autoclosure
attribute to implicitly create a closure at its call sites. This provides a syntactically convenient way to defer the evaluation of an expression without needing to write an explicit closure when you call the function. For an example of an autoclosure function type parameter, see Autoclosures.
A function type can have a variadic parameter in its parameter type. Syntactically, a variadic parameter consists of a base type name followed immediately by three dots (...
), as in Int...
. A variadic parameter is treated as an array that contains elements of the base type name. For instance, the variadic parameter Int...
is treated as [Int]
. For an example that uses a variadic parameter, see Variadic Parameters.
To specify an in-out parameter, prefix the parameter type with the inout
keyword. You can’t mark a variadic parameter or a return type with the inout
keyword. In-out parameters are discussed in In-Out Parameters.
If a function type has only one parameter and that parameter’s type is a tuple type, then the tuple type must be parenthesized when writing the function’s type. For example, ((Int, Int)) -> Void
is the type of a function that takes a single parameter of the tuple type (Int, Int)
and doesn’t return any value. In contrast, without parentheses, (Int, Int) -> Void
is the type of a function that takes two Int
parameters and doesn’t return any value. Likewise, because Void
is a type alias for ()
, the function type (Void) -> Void
is the same as (()) -> ()
—a function that takes a single argument that is an empty tuple. These types are not the same as () -> ()
—a function that takes no arguments.
Argument names in functions and methods are not part of the corresponding function type. For example:
func someFunction(left: Int, right: Int) {}
func anotherFunction(left: Int, right: Int) {}
func functionWithDifferentLabels(top: Int, bottom: Int) {}
var f = someFunction // The type of f is (Int, Int) -> Void, not (left: Int, right: Int) -> Void.
f = anotherFunction // OK
f = functionWithDifferentLabels // OK
func functionWithDifferentArgumentTypes(left: Int, right: String) {}
f = functionWithDifferentArgumentTypes // Error
func functionWithDifferentNumberOfArguments(left: Int, right: Int, top: Int) {}
f = functionWithDifferentNumberOfArguments // Error
Because argument labels are not part of a function’s type, you omit them when writing a function type.
var operation: (lhs: Int, rhs: Int) -> Int // Error
var operation: (_ lhs: Int, _ rhs: Int) -> Int // OK
var operation: (Int, Int) -> Int // OK
If a function type includes more than a single arrow (->
), the function types are grouped from right to left. For example, the function type (Int) -> (Int) -> Int
is understood as (Int) -> ((Int) -> Int)
—that is, a function that takes an Int
and returns another function that takes and returns an Int
.
Function types that can throw an error must be marked with the throws
keyword, and function types that can rethrow an error must be marked with the rethrows
keyword. The throws
keyword is part of a function’s type, and nonthrowing functions are subtypes of throwing functions. As a result, you can use a nonthrowing function in the same places as a throwing one. Throwing and rethrowing functions are described in Throwing Functions and Methods and Rethrowing Functions and Methods.
Restrictions for Nonescaping Closures
A parameter that’s a nonescaping function can’t be passed as an argument to another nonescaping function parameter. This restriction helps Swift perform more of its checks for conflicting access to memory at compile time instead of at runtime. For example:
let external: (Any) -> Void = { _ in () }
func takesTwoFunctions(first: (Any) -> Void, second: (Any) -> Void) {
first(first) // Error
second(second) // Error
first(second) // Error
second(first) // Error
first(external) // OK
external(first) // OK
}
In the code above, both of the parameters to takesTwoFunctions(first:second:)
are functions. Neither parameter is marked @escaping
, so they’re both nonescaping as a result.
The four function calls marked “Error” in the example above cause compiler errors. Because the first
and second
parameters are nonescaping functions, they can’t be passed as arguments to another nonescaping function parameter. In contrast, the two function calls marked “OK” don’t cause a compiler error. These function calls don’t violate the restriction because external
isn’t one of the parameters of takesTwoFunctions(first:second:)
.
If you need to avoid this restriction, mark one of the parameters as escaping, or temporarily convert one of the nonescaping function parameters to an escaping function by using the withoutActuallyEscaping(_:do:)
function. For information about avoiding conflicting access to memory, see Memory Safety.
Grammar of a function type
function-type
→
attributesoptfunction-type-argument-clausethrows
opt->
type
function-type
→
attributesoptfunction-type-argument-clauserethrows
->
type
function-type-argument-clause
→
(
)
function-type-argument-clause
→
(
function-type-argument-list...
opt)
function-type-argument-list
→
function-type-argument
function-type-argument,
function-type-argument-list
function-type-argument
→
attributesoptinout
opttype
argument-labeltype-annotation
argument-label → identifier
Array Type
The Swift language provides the following syntactic sugar for the Swift standard library Array<Element>
type:
[type]
In other words, the following two declarations are equivalent:
let someArray: Array<String> = ["Alex", "Brian", "Dave"]
let someArray: [String] = ["Alex", "Brian", "Dave"]
In both cases, the constant someArray
is declared as an array of strings. The elements of an array can be accessed through subscripting by specifying a valid index value in square brackets: someArray[0]
refers to the element at index 0, "Alex"
.
You can create multidimensional arrays by nesting pairs of square brackets, where the name of the base type of the elements is contained in the innermost pair of square brackets. For example, you can create a three-dimensional array of integers using three sets of square brackets:
var array3D: [[[Int]]] = [[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]]
When accessing the elements in a multidimensional array, the left-most subscript index refers to the element at that index in the outermost array. The next subscript index to the right refers to the element at that index in the array that’s nested one level in. And so on. This means that in the example above, array3D[0]
refers to [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
, array3D[0][1]
refers to [3, 4]
, and array3D[0][1][1]
refers to the value 4.
For a detailed discussion of the Swift standard library Array
type, see Arrays.
Grammar of an array type
array-type
→
[
type]
Dictionary Type
The Swift language provides the following syntactic sugar for the Swift standard library Dictionary<Key, Value>
type:
[key type: value type]
In other words, the following two declarations are equivalent:
let someDictionary: [String: Int] = ["Alex": 31, "Paul": 39]
let someDictionary: Dictionary<String, Int> = ["Alex": 31, "Paul": 39]
In both cases, the constant someDictionary
is declared as a dictionary with strings as keys and integers as values.
The values of a dictionary can be accessed through subscripting by specifying the corresponding key in square brackets: someDictionary["Alex"]
refers to the value associated with the key "Alex"
. The subscript returns an optional value of the dictionary’s value type. If the specified key isn’t contained in the dictionary, the subscript returns nil
.
The key type of a dictionary must conform to the Swift standard library Hashable
protocol.
For a detailed discussion of the Swift standard library Dictionary
type, see Dictionaries.
Optional Type
The Swift language defines the postfix ?
as syntactic sugar for the named type Optional<Wrapped>
, which is defined in the Swift standard library. In other words, the following two declarations are equivalent:
var optionalInteger: Int?
var optionalInteger: Optional<Int>
In both cases, the variable optionalInteger
is declared to have the type of an optional integer. Note that no whitespace may appear between the type and the ?
.
The type Optional<Wrapped>
is an enumeration with two cases, none
and some(Wrapped)
, which are used to represent values that may or may not be present. Any type can be explicitly declared to be (or implicitly converted to) an optional type. If you don’t provide an initial value when you declare an optional variable or property, its value automatically defaults to nil
.
If an instance of an optional type contains a value, you can access that value using the postfix operator !
, as shown below:
optionalInteger = 42
optionalInteger! // 42
Using the !
operator to unwrap an optional that has a value of nil
results in a runtime error.
You can also use optional chaining and optional binding to conditionally perform an operation on an optional expression. If the value is nil
, no operation is performed and therefore no runtime error is produced.
For more information and to see examples that show how to use optional types, see Optionals.
Grammar of an optional type
optional-type
→
type?
Implicitly Unwrapped Optional Type
The Swift language defines the postfix !
as syntactic sugar for the named type Optional<Wrapped>
, which is defined in the Swift standard library, with the additional behavior that it’s automatically unwrapped when it’s accessed. If you try to use an implicitly unwrapped optional that has a value of nil
, you’ll get a runtime error. With the exception of the implicit unwrapping behavior, the following two declarations are equivalent:
var implicitlyUnwrappedString: String!
var explicitlyUnwrappedString: Optional<String>
Note that no whitespace may appear between the type and the !
.
Because implicit unwrapping changes the meaning of the declaration that contains that type, optional types that are nested inside a tuple type or a generic type—such as the element types of a dictionary or array—can’t be marked as implicitly unwrapped. For example:
let tupleOfImplicitlyUnwrappedElements: (Int!, Int!) // Error
let implicitlyUnwrappedTuple: (Int, Int)! // OK
let arrayOfImplicitlyUnwrappedElements: [Int!] // Error
let implicitlyUnwrappedArray: [Int]! // OK
Because implicitly unwrapped optionals have the same Optional<Wrapped>
type as optional values, you can use implicitly unwrapped optionals in all the same places in your code that you can use optionals. For instance, you can assign values of implicitly unwrapped optionals to variables, constants, and properties of optionals, and vice versa.
As with optionals, if you don’t provide an initial value when you declare an implicitly unwrapped optional variable or property, its value automatically defaults to nil
.
Use optional chaining to conditionally perform an operation on an implicitly unwrapped optional expression. If the value is nil
, no operation is performed and therefore no runtime error is produced.
For more information about implicitly unwrapped optional types, see Implicitly Unwrapped Optionals.
Grammar of an implicitly unwrapped optional type
implicitly-unwrapped-optional-type
→
type!
Protocol Composition Type
A protocol composition type defines a type that conforms to each protocol in a list of specified protocols, or a type that is a subclass of a given class and conforms to each protocol in a list of specified protocols. Protocol composition types may be used only when specifying a type in type annotations, in generic parameter clauses, and in generic where
clauses.
Protocol composition types have the following form:
Protocol 1 & Protocol 2
A protocol composition type allows you to specify a value whose type conforms to the requirements of multiple protocols without explicitly defining a new, named protocol that inherits from each protocol you want the type to conform to. For example, you can use the protocol composition type ProtocolA & ProtocolB & ProtocolC
instead of declaring a new protocol that inherits from ProtocolA
, ProtocolB
, and ProtocolC
. Likewise, you can use SuperClass & ProtocolA
instead of declaring a new protocol that is a subclass of SuperClass
and conforms to ProtocolA
.
Each item in a protocol composition list is one of the following; the list can contain at most one class:
The name of a class
The name of a protocol
A type alias whose underlying type is a protocol composition type, a protocol, or a class.
When a protocol composition type contains type aliases, it’s possible for the same protocol to appear more than once in the definitions—duplicates are ignored. For example, the definition of PQR
in the code below is equivalent to P & Q & R
.
typealias PQ = P & Q
typealias PQR = PQ & Q & R
Grammar of a protocol composition type
protocol-composition-type
→
type-identifier&
protocol-composition-continuation
protocol-composition-continuation → type-identifier protocol-composition-type
Metatype Type
A metatype type refers to the type of any type, including class types, structure types, enumeration types, and protocol types.
The metatype of a class, structure, or enumeration type is the name of that type followed by .Type
. The metatype of a protocol type—not the concrete type that conforms to the protocol at runtime—is the name of that protocol followed by .Protocol
. For example, the metatype of the class type SomeClass
is SomeClass.Type
and the metatype of the protocol SomeProtocol
is SomeProtocol.Protocol
.
You can use the postfix self
expression to access a type as a value. For example, SomeClass.self
returns SomeClass
itself, not an instance of SomeClass
. And SomeProtocol.self
returns SomeProtocol
itself, not an instance of a type that conforms to SomeProtocol
at runtime. You can call the type(of:)
function with an instance of a type to access that instance’s dynamic, runtime type as a value, as the following example shows:
class SomeBaseClass {
class func printClassName() {
print("SomeBaseClass")
}
}
class SomeSubClass: SomeBaseClass {
override class func printClassName() {
print("SomeSubClass")
}
}
let someInstance: SomeBaseClass = SomeSubClass()
// The compile-time type of someInstance is SomeBaseClass,
// and the runtime type of someInstance is SomeSubClass
type(of: someInstance).printClassName()
// Prints "SomeSubClass"
For more information, see type(of:)
in the Swift standard library.
Use an initializer expression to construct an instance of a type from that type’s metatype value. For class instances, the initializer that’s called must be marked with the required
keyword or the entire class marked with the final
keyword.
class AnotherSubClass: SomeBaseClass {
let string: String
required init(string: String) {
self.string = string
}
override class func printClassName() {
print("AnotherSubClass")
}
}
let metatype: AnotherSubClass.Type = AnotherSubClass.self
let anotherInstance = metatype.init(string: "some string")
Type Inheritance Clause
A type inheritance clause is used to specify which class a named type inherits from and which protocols a named type conforms to. A type inheritance clause begins with a colon (:
), followed by a list of type identifiers.
Class types can inherit from a single superclass and conform to any number of protocols. When defining a class, the name of the superclass must appear first in the list of type identifiers, followed by any number of protocols the class must conform to. If the class doesn’t inherit from another class, the list can begin with a protocol instead. For an extended discussion and several examples of class inheritance, see Inheritance.
Other named types can only inherit from or conform to a list of protocols. Protocol types can inherit from any number of other protocols. When a protocol type inherits from other protocols, the set of requirements from those other protocols are aggregated together, and any type that inherits from the current protocol must conform to all of those requirements.
A type inheritance clause in an enumeration definition can be either a list of protocols, or in the case of an enumeration that assigns raw values to its cases, a single, named type that specifies the type of those raw values. For an example of an enumeration definition that uses a type inheritance clause to specify the type of its raw values, see Raw Values.
Grammar of a type inheritance clause
type-inheritance-clause
→
:
type-inheritance-list
type-inheritance-list
→
type-identifier
type-identifier,
type-inheritance-list
Type Inference
Swift uses type inference extensively, allowing you to omit the type or part of the type of many variables and expressions in your code. For example, instead of writing var x: Int = 0
, you can write var x = 0
, omitting the type completely—the compiler correctly infers that x
names a value of type Int
. Similarly, you can omit part of a type when the full type can be inferred from context. For instance, if you write let dict: Dictionary = ["A": 1]
, the compiler infers that dict
has the type Dictionary<String, Int>
.
In both of the examples above, the type information is passed up from the leaves of the expression tree to its root. That is, the type of x
in var x: Int = 0
is inferred by first checking the type of 0
and then passing this type information up to the root (the variable x
).
In Swift, type information can also flow in the opposite direction—from the root down to the leaves. In the following example, for instance, the explicit type annotation (: Float
) on the constant eFloat
causes the numeric literal 2.71828
to have an inferred type of Float
instead of Double
.
let e = 2.71828 // The type of e is inferred to be Double.
let eFloat: Float = 2.71828 // The type of eFloat is Float.
Type inference in Swift operates at the level of a single expression or statement. This means that all of the information needed to infer an omitted type or part of a type in an expression must be accessible from type-checking the expression or one of its subexpressions.
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--- layout: post title: But what about the undiscovered gems who are helping me daily with my social business education? I say social business because it’s not just a focus on social networks and media that aids my studies. It’s a better understanding of public relations trends, business decisions, economic analysis and customer engagement programs as a whole. date: '2008-10-28T13:46:38-07:00' tags: tumblr_url: http://alexhwilliams.tumblr.com/post/56809849/but-what-about-the-undiscovered-gems-who-are ---
But what about the undiscovered gems who are helping me daily with my social business education? I say social business because it’s not just a focus on social networks and media that aids my studies. It’s a better understanding of public relations trends, business decisions, economic analysis and customer engagement programs as a whole.—Read and recognize - 10 must-know social business bloggers | Feeds | ZDNet.com


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Created : 1/2/10
Author : Matthew Corner
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Hey there, thank you ever so much for buying my theme; Aurelius. If you want to hear about further updates to this file, or about new files I produce, follow me on twitter at @QwibbleDesigns, or send me an email saying you'd like to hear about further updates via email, and you'll be added to the list.
Aurelius is a HTML/CSS theme, so comes with ready layed out pages for you to work with. As well as Html, and Css though, there are several other file types such as javascript, and php. These are listed below, and briefly explained.
Please note : This theme makes use of Jquery, but pulls it from the google library to improve load time
The theme comes with three predefined canvas's for photoshop; Image Rotator Item, Portfolio Item, and Blog Preview. These are to make your creation of these images with predefined sizes.
The theme also comes with several images, not including the portfolio, and blog images. These are backgrounds for the site, and buttons.
The aurelius theme comes with well commented code, using id's and classes that allow us to easily conclude what each elements does. Each page has general structure that can be seen below.
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As you may have noticed, any site on the internet has stuff such as the page title, the logo name, even possibly a favicon. These brief steps will allow you to personalise your site to your own company / you.
The page title is found within the head of each and every html file in this theme. To change it, you are going to have to edit the following line in every one of those html files.
As you can see it is likely you will want to simply change "Aurelius" part of the title, leaving the name of the current page intact, so that visitors know where they currently are.
You are bound to have noticed the big Aurelius logo in the top left corner of every page, and will definately want to place your own logo in here. The site logo comes in plain text, so I will show you how to input a text logo.
Just like the page title, you will need to change the text within these logo tags on every html page you have. If on the other hand, you wish to impliment an image as a logo rather than text, I recommend you read this article on how to do so.
By default, the footer comes with my name and site in the copyright. This doesnt have to be, and you are more than welcome to edit it to however you want. Like the above two changes, your going to need to make this edit in every html page you have.
Leave the link to the top of the page, it's the line above that you want to edit, with your own name, and your own link.
Most of the content is fairly self explanatory, using standrd html formatting. I can't teach you how to use these html elements, but looking around the html files will get you a long way by simply changing the default place setting text.
The image rotators do much of the work for us. All we really need to do is provide the images and links within a html unordered list like below.
You'll find lists like these on both the portfolio_single, and index pages. They both come with different id's, and these must be left intact for the rotator to work.
As you can see, each item within the list has two specific things inside them, the link with its text wrapped in a span, and the image itself. All you need to do is reference the new image, and input the new link to the project page.
Please Note : The image rotator functions best with five items in it. Keep this in mind when adding new items. this is to feature your best / latest work, not all of you work.
You'll be glad to hear that I couldnt have made it any easier for you! You done need to change any of the html structure or javascript files to have the email sent to you. You simply need to open up config.php, and replace the dummy email with your own. Thats it!, one line of code, and you can test it sending email to you.
Please Note : Make sure the quotation marks are left intact, otherwise the php file will fail no you. Only change the email address.
I sadly cannot claim credit for every element of the Aurelius theme. While the design and layout is 100% mine, some elements were taken from other resources. The following images, icons, and jquery plugins were used.


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"Light Makes Right"
June 21, 1989
Volume 2, Number 4
Compiled by
All contents are copyright (c) 1989, all rights reserved by the individual authors
Archive locations: anonymous FTP at
ftp://ftp-graphics.stanford.edu/pub/Graphics/RTNews/,
wuarchive.wustl.edu:/graphics/graphics/RTNews, and many others.
You may also want to check out the Ray Tracing News issue guide and the ray tracing FAQ.
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This is a lot more direct than hopping the HP network through Palo Alto and Colorado just to get to Ithaca. We have the connection courtesy of the Computer Science Dept at Cornell, and they have asked us to try to keep our traffic down. So, please don't be a funny guy and send me image files or somesuch.
I just noticed that Andrew and I are out of sync: his hardcopy version is on Volume 4, and I'm on Volume 3. One excuse is that the first year of the email edition is labeled "Volume 0", since it wasn't even called "The Ray Tracing News" at that point. An alternate excuse is that I program in "C", and so start from 0. Anyway, until maybe the new year, I'll stick with the current scheme (hey, no one even noticed that last issue was misnumbered (and corrected on the USENET copy)).
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The latest issue of the hardcopy Ray Tracing News (Volume 3, Number 1, May 1989) goes into the mail today, 31 May. Everyone who is on the softcopy mailing list should receive a copy. If you don't get a copy in a week or two, please let me know (glassner.pa@xerox.com). It would help if you include your physical mailing address, so I can at least confirm that your issue was intended to go to the right place.
Contributions are now being solicited for Vol. 4, No. 2. Start working on those articles!
back to contents
____________
Stuart Green - multiprocessor systems for realistic image synthesis Department of Computer Science University of Bristol Queen's Building University Walk Bristol. BS8 1TR ENGLAND<EMAIL_ADDRESS>I am working on multiprocessor implementations of algorithms for realistic image synthesis. So far, this has been restricted to straightforward ray tracing, but I hope to look at enhanced ray tracing algorithms and radiosity. I've implemented a ray tracer on a network of Inmos Transputers which uses mechanisms for distributing both computation and the model data amongst the processors in a distributed memory MIMD system.
____________
Craig Kolb (and Ken Musgrave)
My primary interests include modeling natural phenomena, realistic image synthesis, and animation.
I can be reached at: Dept. of Mathematics Yale University P.O. Box 2155 Yale Station New Haven, CT 06520-2155<PHONE_NUMBER>
alias craig_kolb<EMAIL_ADDRESS>alias ken_musgrave<EMAIL_ADDRESS>...I've just started looking into ray/spline intersection. We do a lot of heightfield-tracing 'round here, and in the past have rendered them using a triangle tessellation. I'm giving splines a shot in order to render some pictures of eroded terrain for our SIGGRAPH talk. I notice that you list spline intersection among your primary interests. What sort of methods have you investigated? At the moment I've implemented (what I assume is) the standard Newton's method in tandem with a DDA-based cell traversal scheme (as per our SIGGRAPH paper). Although this works, it's not exactly blindingly fast... Do you know of any 'interesting' references?
____________
Kaveh Kardan Visual Edge Software Ltd. 3870 Cote Vertu Montreal, Quebec H4R 1V4<PHONE_NUMBER> larry.mcrim.mcgill.edu!vedge!kaveh
I graduated with a BS in Math from MIT in 1985, did some work in molecular graphics at the Xerox Research Centre of Canada (XRCC), wrote the renderer at Neo-Visuals (now known as SAS Canada) -- which included a raytracer --, and the animation stuff at Softimage. I'm currently working at Visual Edge on the UIMX package: an X Windows user interface design system.
Regarding the Softimage raytracer: it was written by Mike Sweeney (who used to be at Abel, and who did "Crater Lake" at Waterloo).
I will also be acting as a mail forwarder for Mike, as Softimage is not on any networks. So in effect, you should probably include Mike in the mailing list as well, with my address -- or somehow let people know that he can be reached tc/o me.
If I may make some comments about the stuff I have read so far in the back issues:
====================
Jeff Goldsmith writes:
> I don't get it. Why doesn't every CG Software vendor supply a
>ray tracer. It's definitely the easiest renderer to write. Yes,
>they are slo-o-o-o-o-o-w, but they sound glitzy and (I bet) would
>stimulate sales, even if buyers never used them.
Having worked at two CG Software companies, I know firsthand how the "to do" list grows faster than you can possibly implement features (no matter how many programmers you have -- c.f."The Mythical Man-Month").
Jeff is right that ray tracing sounds glitzy, and, yes, it is another factor to toss into the sales pitch -- but it is not at all clear that it is worth the effort.
Most (if not all) ray tracers assume either infinite rendering time or infinite disk space. In the real world (a 68020 and a 144Meg disk) this is not the case. The raytracer I wrote at Neo Visuals was written in Fortran -- ergo no dynamic memory allocation -- so I had to work on optimizing it without significantly increasing the memory used. This mostly involved intelligently choosing when to fire rays. The renderer performs a Watkins-style rendering, and fires secondary rays from a pixel only if the surface at that pixel needs to be raytraced. Memory constraints prevented me from using any spatial subdivision methods.
Yes, ray traced images are great sales tools. They are also sometimes not entirely honest -- novice users ("I want a system to animate Star Wars quality images, about ten minutes of animation a day on my XT") are not aware of the expense of raytracing, and very few salesmen go out of their way to point this out. However, these same users, unsure of the technology, put together a list of buzzwords (amongst them "raytracing") and go out to find that piece of software which has the most features on their list. Hence I coined the phrase "buzzword compatible" while at Neo-Visuals (and also "polygons for polygons sake" -- but that's another story).
I have also seen demos, animations, and pictures at trade shows, presented by hardware and software vendors, which were extremely and deliberately misleading. A very common example is to show nice animation that was not really created with your software product. The animation having been typically created by special programs and add-ons. An obvious example was Abel, marketing their "Generation 2" software with "Sexy Robot", "Gold", "Hawaiian Punch", etc. I only mention Abel because they are no longer in business -- I don't want to mention any names of existing companies.
I hadn't intended this to be a flame. But that sums up why not all software vendors bother with raytracing, and how it can be abused if not handled carefully.
====================
On Steve Upstill's remarks on the Renderman standard:
Disclaimer: I have not read the Renderman specs, and have spoken to people who liked it and people who didn't.
I would like to say that while I was at Neo-Visuals, Tom Porter and Pat Hanrahan did indeed drop by to ask us about our needs, and to ensure that the interface would be compatible with our system. As I recall, we asked that the interface be able of handling arbitrary polygons (n vertices, concave, etc). As I recall, I was playing devil's advocate at the meeting, questioning whether rendering had settled down enough to be standardized. So yes, at least Neo-Visuals did get to have a say and contribute to the interface.
I spoke to one rendering person at Siggraph who didn't appreciate the way Pixar had handed down the interface and said "thou shalt enjoy." Well the alternative would be a PHIGS-like process: years spent in committees trying to hash out a compromise which will in all likelihood be obsolete before the ink is dry. In fact, two hardware vendors decided to take matters into their own hands and came up with PHIGS+.
Yes, the interface is probably partly a marketing initiative by Pixar. Why would they do it otherwise? Why should they do it otherwise? I would guess that Pixar hopes to have the standard adopted, then come out with a board which will do Renderman rendering faster than anyone else's software. This seems a natural progression. More and more rendering features have been appearing in hardware -- 2D, 3D, flat shaded, Gouraud, and now Phong and texture maps. It is very probable that in a few years, "renderers" will be hardware, except for experimental, research, and prototype ones.
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1) Make 1 pass through pts. Find these 6 pts: pt with min x, max x, min/max y, min/max z. Pick the pair with the widest dimensional span. This describes the diameter of the initial bounding sphere. If the pts are anywhere near uniform, this sphere will contain most pts.
2) Make 2nd pass through pts: for each pt still outside current sphere, update current sphere to the larger sphere passing through the pt on 1 side, and the back side of the old sphere on the other side. Each new sphere will (barely) contain its previous pts, plus the new pt, and probably some new outsiders as well. Step 2 should need to be done only a small fraction of total num pts.
The following is code (untested as far as I know) to increment sp:
typedef double Ordinate; typedef double Distance; typedef struct { Ordinate x; Ordinate y; Ordinate z; } Point; typedef struct { Point center; Distance radius; } Sphere; Distance separation(pa, pb) Point *pa; Point *pb; { Distance delta_x, delta_y, delta_z; delta_x = pa->x - pb->x; delta_y = pa->y - pb->y; delta_z = pa->z - pb->z; return (sqrt(delta_x * delta_x + delta_y * delta_y + delta_z * delta_z)); } Sphere *new_sphere(s, p) Sphere *s; Point *p; { Distance old_to_p; Distance old_to_new; old_to_p = separation(&s->center, p); if (old_to_p > s->radius) { /* could test vs r**2 here */ s->radius = (s->radius + old_to_p) / 2.0; old_to_new = old_to_p - s->radius; s->center.x = (s->radius * s->center.x + old_to_new * p->x) / old_to_p; s->center.y = (s->radius * s->center.y + old_to_new * p->y) / old_to_p; s->center.z = (s->radius * s->center.z + old_to_new * p->z) / old_to_p; } return (s); }
Jack Ritter, S/W Eng. Versatec, 2710 Walsh Av, Santa Clara, CA 95051 Mail Stop 1-7.<PHONE_NUMBER>, or<PHONE_NUMBER> X 5743 UUCP: {ames,apple,sun,pyramid}!versatc!ritter
[This looks to be a good quick algorithm giving a near-optimal solution. Has anyone come up with an absolutely optimal solution? The "three point" solution (in last issue) gives us a tool to do a brute force search of all triplets, but this is insufficient to solve the problem. For example, a tetrahedron's bounding sphere cannot be found by just searching all the triplets, as all such spheres would leave out the fourth point. - EAH]
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At present, our algorithm has been modified to take into account load balancing and we have several results not yet published. These new results may give some important conclusions about the Cleary approach (processor-volume association). We are working now on a new algorithm based on a global memory on distributed memory architectures! For my mind it is the best solution to obtain load and memory balancing. The ray coherence property is a means to have a sort of locality when data is read in the global memory (best use of caches).
We are very interested (D. Badouel, K. Bouatouch and myself) in submitting to the "Ray-tracing News" a short paper which summarizes our work in parallel ray-tracing algorithm for distributed memory architecture. This contribution should present two ray tracing algorithms with associated results. This work has not been yet published outside France.
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======== USENET cullings follow =================
Newsgroups: comp.arch,comp.graphics Organization: RPI CS Dept.
Hi! I am wondering if anybody knows if there have been any attempts to port a ray tracing algorithm on a dataflow computer, or if there has been such a machine especially built for ray tracing.
I am posting to both comp.arch and comp.graphics since I think that it concerns both newsgroups.
It seems to me that a dynamic dataflow architecture is more appropriate to this problem because of the recursiveness and parallelism of the algorithm.
Thanks in advance for any info...
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Summary: my noise, better described (I hope) Reply-To<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(Jon Buller) Organization: Colorado State University, Ft. Collins CO 80523
In article <...><EMAIL_ADDRESS>(James D. Allen) writes:
>In article <...><EMAIL_ADDRESS>(Tony Apodaca) writes:
>> In article <...><EMAIL_ADDRESS>(Stephen B Coy) writes:
>> > ...My question: Does anyone out there know what this
>> >noise function really is?
>>
>> ... Conceptually, noise()
>> is a "stochastic three-dimensional function which is statistically
>> invariant under rotation and translation and has a narrow bandpass
>> limit in frequency" (paraphrased from [Perlin1985]). This means that
>> you put three-space points in, and you get values back which are basically
>> random. But if you put other nearby points in, you get values that are
>> very similar. The differences are still random, but the maximum rate of
>> change is controlled so that you can avoid aliasing. If you put a set
>> of points in from a different region of space, you will get values out
>> which have "the same amount" of randomness.
>
> Anyone willing to post a detailed description of such an
> algorithm? (Jon Buller posted one, but I couldn't figure it out:
> what is `Pts'?)
Sorry about not really describing my program to anyone, I know what it does, and I never expected anyone else to see it (isn't it obvious) :-)
What it does is: pass a location in space, and an array of random numbers (this is 'Pts'). I fill the array with 0.0 .. 1.0 but any values or range will work. (I have other textures which color based on distance to the nearest point of a random set, hence the name, It has 4 values per entry at times.)
Step 1: change the location to a group of points to interpolate. This is where xa,xb,xc,...zc come in, any location with the same coords (when trunc'ed) will produce the same xa...zc values, making the same values for the interpolation at the end. These xa..zc are then hashed in to the 'Pts' array to produce p000...P222, these 27 random numbers are then interpolated with a Quadratic 3d B-Spline (the long ugly formula at the end). The variables based on xf,yf, and zf (I believe they are x0..z2) are the B-Spline basis functions (notice to get DNoise, just take the (partial) derivatives of the basis functions and re-evaluate the spline).
Step 2: now you have a value that is always smaller than the largest random number in 'Pts' (equal to in the odd case that major bunches of the numbers are also the maximum in the range). By the same argument, all numbers returned are larger than the smallest number in the array. (this can be handy if you don't want to have to clip your values to some limit.)
I hope this explains the use of the routine better. Sorry I didn't realize that earlier. If you have any other questions about it, mail them to me, and I'll do my best to explain it.
Jon
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Newsgroups: comp.graphics Organization: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>writes:
>Has anyone converted the public domain ray trace program called DBW_render
>to run on a SUN workstation?
Ofer Licht<EMAIL_ADDRESS>has done just that. His modified DBW_Render is available via anonymous ftp from xanth.cs.odu.edu as /amiga/dbw.zoo. It is also designed to use ``DistPro'' to distribute the computations between many machines (this is available as well as /amiga/distpro.zoo).
His address:
Ofer Licht<EMAIL_ADDRESS>1807 Addison St. #4 Berkeley, CA 94703<PHONE_NUMBER>
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Newsgroups: comp.graphics Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Calif.
In article <...><EMAIL_ADDRESS>(James Wilbur Lewis) writes:
>In article <...><EMAIL_ADDRESS>(James E. Prior) writes:
>>I've noticed that when I look closely at reasonably clean bare steel in good
>>sunlight that it appears to have a very fine grain of colors.
>>
>>What is this due to?
>
>Probably a diffraction-grating type effect due to scratches, roughness, or
>possibly crystalline structure at the surface.
Funny you should mention this. I was sitting with my officemate, George Michael, he says Hi Kelly, and we were talking about stuff and he brought up the subject of polish. He said there were people at Livenomore who were researching the issue of polish for big mirrors, but that polish really isn't well understood, still open interesting physical science questions. Polish consists of minute "scratches" which have a set of interesting properties. You can probably [write] to them and get TRs on the topic. Polish is more than iridescence.
Also, since somebody asked, the date on the Science article by Greenberg on Light reflection models for graphics is 14 April 1989, page 166. It will provide simple models for this type of stuff.
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Newsgroups: comp.graphics Organization: Versatec, Santa Clara, Ca. 95051
I've come up with a fast approximation to 3D Euclidean distance ( sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy+dz*dz) ). (It's probably not original, but .....)
1) find these 3 values: abs(dx), abs(dy), abs(dz).
2) Sort them (3 compares, 0-3 swaps)
3) Approx E.D. = max + (1/4)med + (1/4)min. (error: +/- 13%)
max + (5/16)med + (1/4)min has 9% error. max + (11/32)med + (1/4)min has 8% error.
As you can see, only shifts & adds are used, and it can be done with integer arithmetic. It could be used in ray tracing as a preliminary test before using the exact form.

A while ago, while it was still snowing, I was feeling adventurous, and a nice weekend I decided to write an obfuscated ray tracer. A friend of mine told me that is not too obfuscated for the "Obfuscated C Contest", I had already wasted one whole day, so I gave up. Today, I was cleaning up my account, and I thought it would be a very appropriate posting for comp.graphics.
It is a hacker's approach to ray tracing; produces a text image on the screen. No shading; different characters represent different objects. The source code is 762 bytes long. I KNOW that I'll get flamed, but who cares! :-)
Have fun people!
So, here it is:
Compile with cc ray.c -o ray -lm
/* (c) 1988 by George Kyriazis */ #include <math.h> #define Q " #define _ define #_ O return #define T struct #_ G if #_ A(a,b) (a=b) #define D double #_ F for #define P (void)printf(Q #define S(x) ((x)*(1/*p-"hello"[6])/*comment*/*x)) T oo{D q,r,s,t;};int m[1]={2};T oo o[2]={{10,10,10,18},{15,15,17,27}};int x,y;D I(i){D b,c,s1,s2;int*p=0,q[1];b=i/*p+1["_P]+(1-x*x)*erf(M_PI/i)/1*/**q+sin(p);{ {b=2*-(i+o)->s;c=S(x-i[o].q)+S(y-o[i].r)+S(i[o].s)-(o+i)->t;}A(s1,S(b));}{G((s2 =(S(b)-4*c)<0?-1:sqrt(-4*c+S(b)))<0){O(b-(int)b)*(i>=0-unix);}}s1=(-b+s2)/2;s2= s1-s2;s1=s1<=0?s2:s1;s2=s2<=0?s1:s2;O s1<s2?s1:s2;}main(){D z,zz;int i,ii;F(A(y ,0);y<24;y-=listen(3,0)){F(x-=x;x<40;x++){F(z=!close(y+3),A(i,0);i<*m*(y>-1);i= A(i,i+1))G(z<(A(zz,I(i))))z=zz,ii=i;G(!!z)P%d",ii);else P%c",32-'\0');}P\n");}}
back to contents
Newsgroups: comp.graphics Organization: University of Oregon CIS Dept.
Recently, the ftp archive of raytracing stuff was moved from our dying VAX-750 (drizzle.cs.uoregon.edu) to our new fileserver, which is called skinner.cs.uoregon.edu, or just cs.uoregon.edu.
There is more diskspace available, and I have expanded the archives to contain several new items. I thought I would post the README here to let people know of its availability.
skinner.cs.uoregon.edu contains information largely dealing with the subject of raytracing, although a radiosity tracer or solid modeler would be a welcome addition to the contents there. I am always busy looking for new software aquisitions, so if you have anything you wish to put there, feel free to send me a note.
Mark VandeWettering
-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut-cut
The old README was dated, so I thought I would update this new one...
dr-xr-xr-x 2 ftp 512 Feb 11 18:53 bibs
contains bibliographies for fields that I am interested in, such as graphics and functional programming.
drwxrwxr-- 2 ftp 512 May 13 23:44 gif.fmt
descriptions of the gif format. Too many people wanted this, so I thought I would make it available.
drwxrwxr-x 2 root 512 May 24 22:25 grafix-utils
Utilities for converting among graphics formats etc. Now includes fuzzy bitmap, should also include pbm and utah raster toolkit soon.
drwxrwxr-- 2 ftp 1024 May 14 15:45 hershey
The Hershey Fonts. Useful PD fonts.
drwxrwxr-x 2 root 512 May 24 22:26 mtv-tracer
My raytracer, albeit a dated version.
dr-xr-xr-x 2 ftp 512 Feb 16 17:24 musgrave
Copies of papers on refraction by Kenton Musgrave.
drwxrwxr-x 2 root 512 May 24 22:26 nff
Haines SPD raytracing package, with some other NFF images created by myself & others. Useful for the mtv raytracer.
drwxr-xr-x 2 ftp 1536 May 24 11:44 off-objects
Some interesting, PD or near PD images from the OFF distribution.
dr-xr-xr-x 2 ftp 512 Feb 15 22:48 polyhedra
Polyhedra from the netlib server. I haven't done anything with these...
dr-xr-xr-x 2 ftp 512 Mar 6 17:45 qrt
The popular raytracer for PCs.
dr-xr-xr-x 2 ftp 512 May 24 22:26 rayfilters
Filters to convert the MTV output to a number of devices...
drwxrwxr-x 2 root 512 May 24 22:26 raytracers
Other raytracers....
-rw-r--r-- 1 ftp 323797 May 24 01:47 sunrpc.tar.Z
SUN RPC v.3.9
[All issues of the email version of "The RT News" have been put in the directory "RTNews" since this posting.]
back to contents


Install an app which bridges the SockJS server to the event bus
Install an app which bridges the SockJS server to the event bus
The config for the app
A list of JSON objects which define permitted matches for inbound (client->server) traffic
A list of JSON objects which define permitted matches for outbound (server->client) traffic
JSON object holding config for the EventBusBridge
Install an app which bridges the SockJS server to the event bus
Install an app which bridges the SockJS server to the event bus
The config for the app
A list of JSON objects which define permitted matches for inbound (client->server) traffic
A list of JSON objects which define permitted matches for outbound (server->client) traffic
Default time an authorisation will be cached for in the bridge (defaults to 5 minutes)
Address of auth manager. Defaults to 'vertx.basicauthmanager.authorise'
Install an app which bridges the SockJS server to the event bus
Install an app which bridges the SockJS server to the event bus
The config for the app
A list of JSON objects which define permitted matches for inbound (client->server) traffic
A list of JSON objects which define permitted matches for outbound (server->client) traffic
Default time an authorisation will be cached for in the bridge (defaults to 5 minutes)
Install an app which bridges the SockJS server to the event bus
Install an app which bridges the SockJS server to the event bus
The config for the app
A list of JSON objects which define permitted matches for inbound (client->server) traffic
A list of JSON objects which define permitted matches for outbound (server->client) traffic
Install an application
Install an application
The application configuration
A handler that will be called when new SockJS sockets are created
Set a EventBusBridgeHook on the SockJS server
Set a EventBusBridgeHook on the SockJS server
The hook
Helper method wrapping invocations and returning the Scala type, once again to help provide fluent return types
Helper method wrapping invocations and returning the Scala type, once again to help provide fluent return types
This is an implementation of the server side part of SockJS.
SockJS enables browsers to communicate with the server using a simple WebSocket-like api for sending and receiving messages. Under the bonnet SockJS chooses to use one of several protocols depending on browser capabilities and what appears to be working across the network.
Available protocols include:
This means, it should just work irrespective of what browser is being used, and whether there are nasty things like proxies and load balancers between the client and the server.
For more detailed information on SockJS, see their website.
On the server side, you interact using instances of org.vertx.scala.core.sockjs.SockJSSocket - this allows you to send data to the client or receive data via the org.vertx.scala.core.sockjs.SockJSSocket.dataHandler().
You can register multiple applications with the same SockJSServer, each using different path prefixes, each application will have its own handler, and configuration.
Instances of this class are not thread-safe.


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*** User 2017-05-05 22:09:58.534 ***
22:09:58.534 [info] Disabling blocking sync...
*** User 2017-05-05 22:09:58.539 ***
22:09:58.539 [info] Configured peer_service_manager partisan_default_peer_service_manager on node 'node-1@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France'
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:00.032 ***
22:10:00.032 [info] Enabling membership...
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:00.034 ***
22:10:00.034 [info] Disabling blocking sync...
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:00.038 ***
22:10:00.038 [info] Configured peer_service_manager partisan_default_peer_service_manager on node 'node-2@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France'
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.546 ***
22:10:01.546 [info] Enabling membership...
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.548 ***
22:10:01.548 [info] Disabling blocking sync...
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.553 ***
22:10:01.553 [info] Configured peer_service_manager partisan_default_peer_service_manager on node 'node-3@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France'
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.833 ***
Joining node: 'node-3@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' to 'runner@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' at port 53703
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.834 ***
Joining issued: 'node-3@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' to 'runner@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' at port 53703
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.834 ***
Joining node: 'node-2@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' to 'runner@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' at port 53686
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.835 ***
Joining issued: 'node-2@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' to 'runner@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' at port 53686
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.835 ***
Joining node: 'node-1@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' to 'runner@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' at port 53674
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.836 ***
Joining issued: 'node-1@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' to 'runner@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France' at port 53674
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.897 ***
Waiting for join to complete with manager: partisan_default_peer_service_manager
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.898 ***
Finished.
*** CT 2017-05-05 22:10:01.898 *** COVER INFO
Adding nodes to cover test: ['runner@MacBook-Pro-de-Anne-France']
*** CT 2017-05-05 22:10:01.908 *** COVER INFO
Successfully added nodes to cover test: []
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:01.908 ***
Case finished: latency_with_reads_test
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:08.952 ***
22:10:08.951 [info] Application lasp exited with reason: stopped
*** User 2017-05-05 22:10:08.952 ***
22:10:08.952 [info] Application partisan exited with reason: stopped
=== Ended at 2017-05-05 22:10:08
=== successfully completed test case
=== Returned value: ok
Test run history
| Top level test index


An Android application to enable psychology researchers to survey vast and diverse number of participants. It gives the researchers the ability to manage the process easily and provides flexibility for participants to take the survey at their convenience.
Check it outTo be able to classify user reviews and label them as positive or negative can be very helpful for businesses like Yelp.com to make better recommendations. In this project I used Yelp's user reviews and built classifiers to label each review.
Check it outTo find out which factors play important role in having high income, I analyzed the data gathered by the US Census Bureau. And I built several models to predict if a person with certain information have high income or low. The results are pretty interesting.
Check it out


UK ticket-holder wins £105m EuroMillions jackpot
A UK ticket-holder has won the £105 million EuroMillions jackpot on the 25th anniversary of the first National Lottery draw.
The winning main EuroMillions numbers were 08, 10, 15, 30 and 42 and the Lucky Star numbers were 04 and 06.
Andy Carter, senior winners' adviser at the National Lottery, said: "On our 25th birthday, one very lucky ticket-holder has scooped tonight's entire £105 million EuroMillions jackpot.
"Players across the country are now urged to check their tickets to see if they have won big.
"Tonight's big winner has scooped the sixth EuroMillions jackpot banked in the UK this year."
- National Lottery at 25: How the millionaires spent their money
- UK’s biggest lottery prize winners ‘to divorce’
- 'I haven't suddenly become attractive overnight, but my wallet has': Winner of £71m jackpot says it will change his life
- Lucky couple from Northern Ireland revel in £115 million EuroMillions win
Someone also became a millionaire by matching the Millionaire Maker code ZMSF62402.
A UK ticket-holder won a £170 million EuroMillions jackpot in October, making them the UK's biggest ever winner.
The previous biggest UK winners were Colin and Chris Weir, from Largs in North Ayrshire, Scotland, who won £161 million in July 2011.
A £123 million jackpot was won by a UK ticket-holder in June and a UK winner scooped £38 million in the EuroMillions in April.
Ade Goodchild, from Hereford, bagged £71 million on March 15 and Patrick and Frances Connolly, from Northern Ireland, won £114.9 million on New Year's Day.


HTML
freeCodeCamp
DevTools
CodePen
We can use a style sheet language to change the presentational properties of a structured document
Properties like...
...colour...
...size...
...layout...
...and more!
CSS stands for: Cascading Style Sheets
It's the style sheet language used to style web pages!

This text needs colour

This text needs colour

This text needs colour

This text needs colour
Head to www.freeCodeCamp.org
Head to http://tiny.cc/aydxiz
Open up your browser (preferably Google chrome) and head to the Google homepage
Using the CSS you've learnt, style your tribute page project.
Work together in pairs, try out some pair programming, and use Codepen.
Feel free to style your page however you like
Share your Codepens in the Slack channel. Look at what others have made - see what CSS they have used.
If you have time, try to complete 'Basic CSS' on freeCodeCamp. You can also continue styling your tribute page project!


public static interface DownloadManager.Listener
DownloadManager
events.| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
default void |
onDownloadChanged(DownloadManager downloadManager,
Download download)
Called when the state of a download changes.
|
default void |
onDownloadRemoved(DownloadManager downloadManager,
Download download)
Called when a download is removed.
|
default void |
onIdle(DownloadManager downloadManager)
Called when there is no active download left.
|
default void |
onInitialized(DownloadManager downloadManager)
Called when all downloads have been restored.
|
default void |
onRequirementsStateChanged(DownloadManager downloadManager,
Requirements requirements,
int notMetRequirements)
Called when the download requirements state changed.
|
default void onInitialized(DownloadManager downloadManager)
downloadManager
- The reporting instance.default void onDownloadChanged(DownloadManager downloadManager, Download download)
downloadManager
- The reporting instance.download
- The state of the download.default void onDownloadRemoved(DownloadManager downloadManager, Download download)
downloadManager
- The reporting instance.download
- The last state of the download before it was removed.default void onIdle(DownloadManager downloadManager)
downloadManager
- The reporting instance.default void onRequirementsStateChanged(DownloadManager downloadManager, Requirements requirements, @Requirements.RequirementFlags int notMetRequirements)
downloadManager
- The reporting instance.requirements
- Requirements needed to be met to start downloads.notMetRequirements
- RequirementFlags
that are not
met, or 0.


Available under OSMA / PSMA
Strategi, Meridian2, VMD, VML, OSMM
github.com/ordnancesurvey
github.com/mixedbredie/QGIS-styles
coming in 2.6 at the end of the week
Changelog
@mixedbredie & https://github.com/mixedbredie/QGIS-styles
/


I am looking for a good build to play PvM on a low magic RP world. Only restrictions are that you must take at least 2 lvls of a class before you take another then must take 2 of that class before retaking the first or a third. I would like to be a human dual weild character, but i really dont want to do Kama's if you use monk. ((longswords and rapiers can be altered to look like a Katana and shortswords a Wakizashi)). Also either going to have to take monk or martial prof. for shuriken use so if you take martial prof. please go ahead and use Katana. This does not have to be a max damage AB or AC character i really just want a Ninja. Any advice to builds that exist already or builds that someone makes up for me would be greatly helpful as i am a pathetic builder. _________________ The Edge... there is no honest way to explain it because the only people who really know where it is are the ones who have gone over.
--Hunter S. Thompson
Quote: Posted 10/03/07 19:21 (GMT) -- Theuller Also either going to have to take monk or martial prof. for shuriken use
Monk or exotic weapon prof. unless that's server specific for your shuriken use. _________________ Spirit, It is the hero's strength, the mother's resilience, and the poor man's armor. It cannot be broken, and it cannot be taken away. This I must believe. ~ Drizzt Do'Urden
Edited By sbtedarknight on 10/03/07 20:53
I'd say Monk / Assassin / Shadow Dancer.
Edited By Bromium on 10/03/07 21:11
Quote: Posted 10/03/07 21:10 (GMT) -- Bromium
I'd say Monk / Assassin / Shadow Dancer.
I would go this way as well. 9 Monk/5 Shadow Dancer/26 Assassin. Dex based to get Epic Dodge. Use Rapier in one hand and Short Sword in the other. Or both Short Swords if you want. I'm sure there are atleast a few of these in the search engine.
Monk or exotic weapon prof. unless that's server specific for your shuriken use.
Yea i meant exotic, sometimes my fingers do not type what i am thinking. _________________ Im a fairly respectable citizen, multiple felon perhaps, but certainly not dangerous.
--Hunter S. Thompson
I have been having fun with a ranger/assassin/shadowdancer. free dual wield, some stealth buffs, martial proficency, d10 hitdice and human favored enemy are a really nice way to start a build that asassinates people.


1 reference to LocalVariables
System.Management.Automation (1)
engine\interpreter\LightCompiler.cs (1)
275
private readonly LocalVariables _locals = new
LocalVariables
();


Draw.Cls
Syntax
Draw.Cls
Description
The Draw.Cls (clear screen) procedure is used to blank the output window The cursor is set to the top left (to row 1, column 1).
Details
The Draw.Cls procedure sets all pixels in the output window to color 0. In this way it differs from the cls and Text.Cls procedures which set the screen to the text background color.
The screen must be in "graphics" mode. See View.Set for details.
Status
Exported qualified.
This means that you can only call the function by calling Draw.Cls, not by calling Cls.
See also
View.Set, maxx, maxy and the various procedures in the Draw unit.


---
layout: post
title: Starting up my dev environment
tags: []
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta: {}
---
I got a bit tired of starting apache, BlueDragon and Eclipse from the command line every morning so I wrote a quick and dirty bash script that I could leave running while I went off to grab a cup of coffee. Maybe someone else will find this useful as well (requires cygwin):
[code]echo "Changing to usb flash drive"
cd /cygdrive/e/
echo "Starting apache"
./Apache\ Group/Apache2/bin/apache &
sleep 5
echo "Starting BlueDragon"
./BlueDragon_Server_JX_62/bin/StartBlueDragon.bat &
sleep 5
echo "Starting eclipse"
./eclipse/eclipse &[/code]


|
CmdMessenger
3.0
CmdMessenger is a serial port messaging library for the .Net / Mono Platform.
|
Command messenger main class. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| delegate void | MessengerCallbackFunction (ReceivedCommand receivedCommand) |
| Definition of the messenger callback function. | |
| CmdMessenger (SerialPortManager communications) | |
| Constructor. | |
| CmdMessenger (SerialPortManager communications, char fieldSeparator) | |
| Constructor. | |
| CmdMessenger (SerialPortManager communications, char fieldSeparator, char commandSeparator) | |
| Constructor. | |
| CmdMessenger (SerialPortManager communications, char fieldSeparator, char commandSeparator, char escapeCharacter) | |
| Constructor. | |
| void | SetControlToInvokeOn (Control controlToInvokeOn) |
| Sets a control to invoke on. | |
| bool | StopListening () |
| Stop listening and end serial port connection. | |
| bool | StartListening () |
| Starts serial port connection and start listening. | |
| void | Attach (MessengerCallbackFunction newFunction) |
| Attaches default callback for unsupported commands. | |
| void | Attach (int messageId, MessengerCallbackFunction newFunction) |
| Attaches default callback for certain Message ID. | |
| void | ProcessLines () |
| Process the command lines and invokes callbacks. | |
| void | HandleMessage (ReceivedCommand receivedCommand) |
| Handle message. | |
| ReceivedCommand | SendCommand (int cmdId) |
| Sends a command. | |
| ReceivedCommand | SendCommand (int cmdId, string argument) |
| Sends a command. | |
| ReceivedCommand | SendCommand (SendCommand sendCommand) |
| Sends a command. | |
| ReceivedCommand | SendCommand (int cmdId, string argument, bool reqAc, int ackCmdId, int timeout) |
| Sends a command. | |
| ReceivedCommand | SendCommand (int cmdId, string[] arguments, bool reqAc, int ackCmdId, int timeout) |
| Sends a command. | |
| void | Dispose () |
| Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources. | |
Public Attributes | |
| EventHandler | NewLinesReceived |
| EventHandler | NewLineReceived |
| EventHandler | NewLineSent |
Protected Member Functions | |
| virtual void | Dispose (bool disposing) |
| Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources. | |
Properties | |
| bool | PrintLfCr [get, set] |
| Gets or sets a whether to print a line feed carriage return after each command. | |
| String | CurrentReceivedLine [get, set] |
| Gets or sets the current received command line. | |
| ReceivedCommand | CurrentReceivedCommand [get, set] |
| Gets or sets the current received command. | |
| String | CurrentSentLine [get, set] |
| Gets or sets the currently sent line. | |
| ConcurrencyPriority | Priority [get, set] |
| long | LastLineTimeStamp [get, set] |
| Gets or sets the time stamp of the last command line received. |
Command messenger main class.
| CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.CmdMessenger | ( | SerialPortManager | communications | ) |
Constructor.
| communications | The Serial port object. |
| CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.CmdMessenger | ( | SerialPortManager | communications, |
| char | fieldSeparator | ||
| ) |
Constructor.
| communications | The Serial port object. |
| fieldSeparator | The field separator. |
| CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.CmdMessenger | ( | SerialPortManager | communications, |
| char | fieldSeparator, | ||
| char | commandSeparator | ||
| ) |
Constructor.
| communications | The Serial port object. |
| fieldSeparator | The field separator. |
| commandSeparator | The command separator. |
| CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.CmdMessenger | ( | SerialPortManager | communications, |
| char | fieldSeparator, | ||
| char | commandSeparator, | ||
| char | escapeCharacter | ||
| ) |
Constructor.
| communications | The Serial port object. |
| fieldSeparator | The field separator. |
| commandSeparator | The command separator. |
| escapeCharacter | The escape character. |
| void CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.Attach | ( | MessengerCallbackFunction | newFunction | ) |
Attaches default callback for unsupported commands.
| newFunction | The callback function. |
| void CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.Attach | ( | int | messageId, |
| MessengerCallbackFunction | newFunction | ||
| ) |
Attaches default callback for certain Message ID.
| messageId | Command ID. |
| newFunction | The callback function. |
Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.
| virtual void CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.Dispose | ( | bool | disposing | ) | [protected, virtual] |
Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.
| disposing | true if resources should be disposed, false if not. |
| void CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.HandleMessage | ( | ReceivedCommand | receivedCommand | ) |
Handle message.
| receivedCommand | The received command. |
| delegate void CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.MessengerCallbackFunction | ( | ReceivedCommand | receivedCommand | ) |
Definition of the messenger callback function.
| receivedCommand | The received command. |
Process the command lines and invokes callbacks.
| ReceivedCommand CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.SendCommand | ( | int | cmdId | ) |
Sends a command.
| cmdId | Command ID. |
| ReceivedCommand CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.SendCommand | ( | int | cmdId, |
| string | argument | ||
| ) |
Sends a command.
| cmdId | Command ID. |
| argument | The command argument. |
| ReceivedCommand CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.SendCommand | ( | SendCommand | sendCommand | ) |
Sends a command.
| sendCommand | The command to sent. |
| ReceivedCommand CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.SendCommand | ( | int | cmdId, |
| string | argument, | ||
| bool | reqAc, | ||
| int | ackCmdId, | ||
| int | timeout | ||
| ) |
Sends a command.
| cmdId | Command ID. |
| argument | The command argument. |
| reqAc | true to request acknowledge command. |
| ackCmdId | acknowledgement command ID |
| timeout | Timeout on acknowlegde command. |
| ReceivedCommand CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.SendCommand | ( | int | cmdId, |
| string[] | arguments, | ||
| bool | reqAc, | ||
| int | ackCmdId, | ||
| int | timeout | ||
| ) |
Sends a command.
| cmdId | Command ID. |
| arguments | The arguments. |
| reqAc | true to request acknowledge command. |
| ackCmdId | acknowledgement command ID |
| timeout | Timeout on acknowlegde command. |
| void CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.SetControlToInvokeOn | ( | Control | controlToInvokeOn | ) |
Sets a control to invoke on.
| controlToInvokeOn | The control to invoke on. |
Starts serial port connection and start listening.
Stop listening and end serial port connection.
Gets or sets the current received command.
The current received command.
String CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.CurrentReceivedLine [get, set] |
Gets or sets the current received command line.
The current received line.
String CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.CurrentSentLine [get, set] |
Gets or sets the currently sent line.
The currently sent line.
long CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.LastLineTimeStamp [get, set] |
Gets or sets the time stamp of the last command line received.
The last line time stamp.
bool CommandMessenger.CmdMessenger.PrintLfCr [get, set] |
Gets or sets a whether to print a line feed carriage return after each command.
true if print line feed carriage return, false if not.


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Ticekt Number
Type
Level
10000
Flood
3
10001
Hurricane
4
10002
Wildfire
3
10003
Blizzard
2
10004
Tornado
5


"I was an EMT for many years before I joined the bootcamp. I've been looking to make a transition and have heard some people who had an amazing experience here. I signed up for the free intro course and found it incredibly fun! I enrolled shortly thereafter.The next 12 weeks was the best - and most grueling - time of my life. Since completing the course, I've succesfully switched careers, working as a software Engineer at a VR startup."
"I started as a total newbie with virtually no coding skills. I now work as a mobile enginner for a big company. this was one of the best investments I've made myself."
"Before joining the bootcamp, I've never written a line of code. I needed some structure from professionals who can help me learn programming step by step. I was encouraged to enroll by a former student of theirs who can only say wonderful things about the program. The entire curriculum and staff did not disappoint. they were very hands-on and i never had to wait long for assitance. The agile team project, in particular, was outstanding. It took my learning to the next level in a way that no tutorial could ever have. In fact, I've often referred to it during interviews as an example of my development experience. It certainly helped me land a job as a full-stack developer after receiving multiple affers. 100% recommend!"
"Thank you for the wonderful exoerience! I now have a job I really enjoy, and make living while doing something I love."
"The staff seem genuinely concerned about my progress which I find really refreshing. The program gave me the confidence necessary to be able to go out in the world and present myself as a capable junior developer. The standard is above the rest. You will get the personal attention you need from an incredible community of smart and amazing people."


Introduction
Hello! Welcome to this web page about Project Dandelion. Here you can find the latest documents and milestones. If you are interested in helping, please get in touch.!What is Project Dandelion
Project Dandelion is an education product designed to prepare primary-school aged refugee children for greater cognitive, social, emotional and academic success through the development of social-emotional learning (SEL) skills.
Project Dandelion ia based on a whole-community approach to well-being & learning for refugee children. IRC education and R&D specialists started working on Dandelion in 2016. We are currently prototyping and testing Dandelion with communities in Nyarugusu refugee camp, Tanzania. Learn more about our work here .
Useful and latest documents
- Overview and approach to prototyping, August 2017
- Hekima Prototyping plan, September 2017
- Graine Prototyping plan, September 2017
- Spark Prototyping plan, September 2017
- Product requirement and project plan, June 2017
- Design research and opportunities, 2016


UKCloud Limited (“UKC”) and Virtual Infrastructure Group Limited (“VIG”) (together “the Companies”) – in Compulsory Liquidation
On 25 October 2022, the Companies were placed into Liquidation with the Official Receiver appointed as Liquidator and J Robinson and A M Hudson simultaneously appointed as Special Managers to manage the liquidation process on behalf of the Official Receiver.
Further information regarding the Liquidations can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/virtual-infrastructure-group-limited-and-ukcloud-limited-information-for-creditors-and-interested-parties
Contact details:
For any general queries relating to the Liquidations please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For customer related queries please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For supplier related queries please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>How to resize a disk using the UKCloud Azure Stack Hub portal
Overview
The UKCloud Azure Stack Hub portal enables you to resize virtual machine (VM) disks. This article shows you how to resize disks that are mounted to a VM, and will work for both managed and unmanaged disks.
Intended audience
To complete the steps in this article, you must have appropriate access to a subscription in the Azure Stack Hub portal.
Resizing disks that are mounted to a VM
Log in to the Azure Stack Hub portal.
For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started Guide for UKCloud for Microsoft Azure.
In the favourites panel, select Virtual machines.
In the Virtual machines blade, select the virtual machine that the disk is attached to.
In the Overview blade, click Stop and then OK. Wait for the virtual machine to successfully shutdown before continuing.
Note
You can only resize a disk when it is unattached from the virtual machine, or the virtual machine is deallocated.
You can skip this step if the virtual machine is already in the Stopped (deallocated) state, as seen below.
In the virtual machine's blade, select Disks.
In the Disks blade, select the disk you want to resize.
Note
You can only resize a disk to a larger size.
Although the process is the same for both managed and unmanaged disks, the two blades look slightly different. Examples for both are provided below.
In the disk's blade, select Configuration.
In the Size field, enter the desired size of the disk in GiB.
When you're done, click Save.
You can monitor the progress of the disk resizing by clicking the Notifications icon.
Expanding the volume
After expanding the disk, you may need to go into the OS and expand the volume to actually use the newly allocated space.
Open an RDP connection to your VM.
Open a command prompt and type
diskpart
.At the
DISKPART
prompt, typelist volume
.Take note of the volume you want to extend.
At the
DISKPART
prompt, typeselect volume <volumenumber>
.This selects the volume that you want to extend into unpartitioned empty space on the same disk.
At the
DISKPART
prompt, typeextend
.This extends the selected volume to fill the added space on the disk.
Feedback
If you find a problem with this article, click Improve this Doc to make the change yourself or raise an issue in GitHub. If you have an idea for how we could improve any of our services, send an email to feedback@ukcloud.com.


- 2000s - Latvala's first world rally was the 2002 Rally Great Britain at the age of 17. He finished in 17th position with a Mitsubish Lancer Evolution VI. In 2003, Latvala competed in four WRC events with a Ford Focus WRC, finishing tenth at the Acropolis Rally, 17th at the Rallye Deutschland, 14th at the Neste Oil Rally Finland and tenth at the Rally Great Britain.
- 2006–2007: Stobart Ford - n 2006, Latvala competed in 11 world rallies. He drove the Subaru Impreza WRX STI in six, a Ford Focus WRC in four and a Toyota Corolla WRC at his home event, the Neste Oil Rally Finland. His best results came in the last three rallies.
- 2008: Ford's factory team - In 2008, Latvala joined Ford's factory team as a number two driver, partnering Mikko Hirvonen and replacing Marcus Grönholm who had announced his retirement from the WRC at the end of 2007.
- 2009 Season - For 2009 the expectation was for Latvala to progress in his performance as number two driver for Ford's factory team. However the start of the season became a big disappointment for the team, as Latvala went off the road in three of the first four rallies of the year.
- 2010 Season - Latvala remained with the Ford factory team for 2010. Following his many crashes in 2009, he now had the official position of number two driver whereas in the previous year there was no official distinction between him and his team mate Mikko Hirvonen. After Round 1 in Sweden, Latvala came 3rd.
- 2012 Season - For 2012 Latvala was promoted to Ford's number one after the departure of Hirvonen to Rival's Citroen Total. For the first round in Monte-Carlo Jari-Mati-Latvala took the first stages wins before going off the road at the last stage of day 1, without having rally 2 rules in the event(a.k.a. formidably known as superrally rules) he retired.
- 2013 Season and beyond - For 2013, Latvala signed a contract with the new Volkswagen WRC team, announced on Oct 17. No statement has been made as to whether Latvala or Ogier will be considered the No. 1 driver for the team, which will be significant given Ogier's recent tantrums about his position vs. Loeb's in the Citroen team.
- It's makes him special


NDLEA destroys 40 hectares of hemp plantation in Oyo state
by Agency ReportThe National Drug Law Enforcement Agency, Command in Oyo State, on Thursday destroyed over 40 hectares of hemp plantation in Abatade in Oluyole Local Government Area of the state.
Addressing newsmen during the exercise, the state NDLEA Commander, Mr Ralph Igwenagu, said the command had previously destroyed six hectares of plantation in Ibarapa LGA of the state.
Igwenagu said the discovery of the plantation was an indication that a good number of farmers in the state engaged in the cultivation of hemp.
The commander said five suspects have been arrested in connection with the plantation while the investigation was on to arrest others.
Igwenagu said the agency was not only determined to destroy hemp plantations but to also reduce its trafficking and abuse to the barest minimum in the state.
He called on community leaders not to give their land for cultivation of illicit substances.
“The owners of the plantation are not from the village but they got the land from the village head.
“If the villagers refused to give them the land, the people will not get land to cultivate again and eventually they will leave the illegal business,” he said.
He urged members of the community to always report to the agency anytime they noticed farmlands being used for hemp cultivation.
Mr Mutiat Okuwobi, the state’s Public Relations’ Officer of the agency, said the command would continue to monitor farmland to prevent the cultivation of hemp.
(NAN)