A complete agricultural supply model would be defined as a system of equations describing the flow of farm products on to the market. A statistical model is an approximation to the exact relations we put forward in theory, and any single equation we care to consider is an abstraction from the general interdependence of the economic system. The first source of error lies in the aggregate nature of macro-economics. We may expect a reasonable degree of causation between a change in price of a single factor or product and the resulting output, but when output is an aggregate of many different products, each related to its own system of inputs, a certain loss of exactness is inevitable. Second, errors of measurement arise where the yearly definition of variables is made on an arbitrary basis. Farm output and certain seasonal farm inputs, being governed by regular patterns of biological growth, lend themselves to independent yearly observation, but in the case of a price series there may be no clear demarcation between two successive periods of measurement. The use of time series introduces a further error in that the population being sampled may also be subject to change. In particular, it is difficult to allow for the effect of changing techniques over a period of time.
The approximate nature of our equations is recognized by the introduction of a stochastic variable to take care of "unexplainable" variation, whether it arises from inaccurate measurement of a single variable or from the neglect of an important determining variable. The effect of changes in technology can be allowed for by introducing a linear time variable. This implies a constant rate of change only and, as such, may act as a catch-all for all sorts of temporary and permanent influences. On the other hand some form of transformation of the variables may overcome this problem.
The final form of our model is not defined in any precise way, as a number of different lagged values of the independent variables may operate at different times and places. Hence the procedure followed in this article represents a course of trial and error rather than the measurement of fairly rigorously defined postulates. The following section is a brief review of statistical methodology related to single equations, followed by estimates of the supply parameters obtained.
* The latter part of the work involved in this analysis was carried out while the author was supported by a New Zealand University Research Grant. He wishes to acknowledge the considerable help and advice he has received from Dr. H. B. Low, Mr. G. P. Braae, and Professor C. G. F. Simkin.
50
MAY, 1955 |
AGGREGATE SUPPLY OF FARM PRODUCTS |
51 |
If we are to apply tests of significance to parameters estimated by the method of least squares we require the error terms of the regression equation to be random and normally distributed. The presence of a systematic element in the residuals (serial correlation) will mean that the error terms fail to meet the assumption of independence. The problem may sometimes be overcome, however, by the use of first differences of the original values, as suggested by Cochrane and Orcutt.1 Testing the residuals so obtained can be carried out with the Von Neumann ratio,2 or with the distribution prepared by Durbin and Watson3 for a model with the error term randomly distributed.
Further, the presence of more than one independent linear relationship between the determining variables in the regression equation (multicollinearity) may lead to uncertain regression coefficients.4 As we are more interested in the structural relationships than prediction, this consideration is most important. Where the variables are subject to errors of measurement (as is usual) the position is particularly acute, as any regression coefficients obtained will measure partly or wholly the influence of random error terms in the direction in which an actual linear relationship exists.5 They will be further distorted, of course, if vve do not correct for serial correlation. As Stone points out,6 this situation is not necessarily reflected in the standard errors of the regression coefficients. An indication that such a relationship is present is given by unstable or changing partial regression coefficients when a new variable is added. In the following analysis, some general hypotheses are first tested without examining the data for multicollinearity, but the final results are based on an equation selected by means of confluence analysis.
The problem of the errors has already been outlined. Those arising in the process of collection and classification represent the lack of accurate measurement of well-known economic quantities; such errors are increased, of course, when we are forced to rely on substitute criteria. Errors of the equation arise out of the failure to find a complete explanation for the variation of the dependent variable from
1. D. Cochrane and G. H. Orcutt: "Application of Least Squares Regression to Relationships containing Auto-correlated Error Terms", in Journal of the American Statistical Association,, XLIV, 1949, p. 32.
2. J. Von Neumann: "Distribution of the Ratio of the Mean Successive Difference to the Variance", in Annals of Mathematical Statistics, XII, p. 367 (1941).
3. J. Durbin and G. S. Watson: "Testing for Serial Correlation in Least Squares Regression" in Biometrika, XXXVIII, 1951, p. 161.
4. J. Tinbergen: Econometrics, 1951, p. 78.
5. D. Cochrane: "The Measurement of Economic Relationships", in Economic Record, XXV, 1949, p. 7.
6. R. Stone: "The Analysis of Market Demand", in Journal of Royal Statistical Society, CVIII, 1945, p. 297.
52 |
THE ECONOMIC RECORD |
MAY |
its mean. There may be the possibility that an explanatory variable has been neglected, or the lack of complete explanation may be attributed to variables which do not have a constant effect over the period, or to those variables which we know have certain causal relations with the dependent variable but do not yield to statistical measurement.7
The problem of identifying either a demand or a supply relation-ship does not arise as current prices are not related to production in the analysis. All the determining variables are fitted with lags corresponding to the known production period as closely as the data permits with the exception of “current” rainfall.
Apart from statistical requirements, the economic meaning of our data is most closely approximated by the use of a logarithmic transformation. Thus in the equations which follow, the regression coefficients measure elasticities directly, i.e. they indicate the percentage change in output, which will, on average, result from a 1 per cent increase in the input of various factors. The regression model has the general form:
(log X1t - log X1t - 1 = K + b12(log X2t - log X2t - 1) + b13(log X3t - log X3t - 1) + Ut
where
X1t is the dependent variable in period t,
X2t, X3t the independent variables in period t,
X1t - 1, - X2t - 1, X3t - 1 the corresponding values in period t - 1,
b12, b13 the regression coefficients calculated from the the first differences of logs.
K a constant,
and Ut a random error term of zero mean and finite variance.
We may conclude this section with some comments on the selection of variables for the final supply equation. However many relationships we postulate in theory it is almost certain that with such short time series as in general are available, the number of significant relationships in the statistical sense will be somewhat limited. Thus some process of selection is inferred in many cases without any actual statement to that effect. The method used in the present work is the ordinary 5 per cent fiducial limit. A considerable number of different factors which might influence the supply of farm products were thus tested by simple and multiple correlation to determine where the greatest degree of causation appeared to lie.
The final results of this selection process in original logarithms and first differences of logarithms are given in Table 1. The variable
7. These definitions follow Stone, op. cit., 302-3, and Tintner: Econometrics, 1952, pp. 28, 85.
MAY, 1955 |
AGGREGATE SUPPLY OF FARM PRODUCTS |
53 |
X1 denotes the complete New Zealand index for the volume of farm production. “For the compilation of these index numbers,” says the Government Statistician, “a computation has been made for each of the seasons 1928-9 to 1949-50 showing what the annual aggregate value would have been had 1938-9 prices been constant throughout the period. From the resultant aggregates index numbers have been compiled which measure the movements in the volume of production; for since prices were assumed to be constant, volume is the only variable factor in the aggregates.”
X2 is an index of climatic changes. In fact, it represents the total rainfall for the months January, February and March for each year as measured at Ruakura Animal Research Station, near Hamilton, North Island. There are obvious difficulties in obtaining a suitable index for the whole of New Zealand.
X3 denotes the area of hay and ensilage saved by New Zealand farmers in the previous year, t - 1.8
| TABLE I | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Zealand Farm Supply Equations 1928-50 showing Partial Regression Coefficients, Multiple Determination, and Test for Serial Correlation (See Figure I) | ||||||
| Rainfall | Hay and Silage | R² | “d” | |||
| (1.1a) | .. | .. | 0.1630 | 0.5422 | 0.7765 | 1.020 |
| (1.1b) | .. | .. | 0.4996 | 0.2212 | 0.4662 | 2.295 |
| ±0.1604 | ±0.0761 | |||||
| a. Original logarithm transformation. b. First difference transformation of logarithms. |
In this investigation first difference transformations are used throughout because it has been found that this method often effectively overcomes the problem of serial correlation and does so here as the table shows.9 The equations show that a considerable proportion of the year-to-year variation in New Zealand farm production can be
8. The volume of farm production series is published annually in the New Zealand Official Year Book. Details of rainfall are published in the New Zealand Gazette. Area cut for hay or silage and area top-dressed every year are found in New Zealand Agricultural and Pastoral Statistics.
9. J. Durbin and G. S. Watson: Op. cit. Having taken first differences we are testing for negative serial correlation in residuals and hence the appropriate test is for the value 4-d which is in this case 1.71. Since the significant upper limit (5 per cent) for twenty-one items and two independent variables is 1.54 we conclude there is no evidence of a significant amount of serial correlation in the residuals. The expected value is 2.10.
10. W. M. Hamilton: “Topdressing and Provision of Winter Feed in Relation to Dairy Production”, in N.Z. Journal of Science and Technology, XXVIA, 1944-5, p. 24.
54 |
THE ECONOMIC RECORD |
MAY |
explained by these two measures of climatic influences. The particular relationship of previous year's crop of hay and ensilage was first isolated by Hamilton10 when considering factors affecting New Zealand dairy production; he attributed the association to the better feeding of cows that would result in the intervening winter. But as the hay and ensilage variable is associated with movements in rainfall in the
FIGURE I
Distribution of Error Variance from Regression of Climatic Factors on New Zealand Farm
Output. The two distributions are not comparable for individual years.
(a) Logs of original variables, “d” = 1.020.
(b) First differences of logs, “d” = 2.295.
same season (r = 0.57) the feeding factor should be interpreted as a method of transferring the climatic effect from one season to the next. In this particular relation the above transfer effect can be measured with approximately the same accuracy (R² = 0.4492) by substituting a lagged value of rainfall for hay and ensilage in equation (1.1b). In the remainder of the analysis, however, hay and ensilage makes an independent contribution to the explanation of variations in output.
MAY, 1955 |
AGGREGATE SUPPLY OF FARM PRODUCTS |
55 |
| TABLE II | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partial Regression Coefficients and Multiple Determinations for Regression of Price and Climatic Effects on New Zealand Volume of Farm Production | ||||||
| First differences of Logarithms. N = 21. (1928-50) | ||||||
| Rainfall b12† | Hay and Ensilage b13† | Pricest-1 b14 | Pricest-2 b15 | Area T.-Dressed b16 | R² | |
| (1.2) | 0.5007 | 0.2231 | 0.0078 (0.0744) | 0.4706 | ||
| (1.2a) | 0.4933 | 0.2478 | 0.0998 (0.0783) | 0.5128 | ||
| (1.3) | 0.4959 | 0.2049 | -0.741 (0.0941) | 0.4976 | ||
| (1.3a) | 0.4935 | 0.2135 | -0.1251 | 0.5463 | ||
| (1.4) | 0.4365 | 0.2081 | -0.0478 (0.0901) | 0.1212 (0.1041) | 0.5032 | |
| (1.4a) | 0.4768 | 0.2427 | 0.0818 (0.0831) | 0.0376 (0.0940) | 0.5165 | |
| (1.5) | 0.4329 | 0.1963 | -0.1081 (0.0858) | 0.1310 (0.0919) | 0.5541 | |
| (1.5a) | 0.4284 | 0.2104 | -0.1554* (0.0714) | 0.1359 (0.0844) | 0.6097 | |
| (1.6) | 0.4209 | 0.1900 | -0.0279 (0.0891) | -0.1041 (0.0771) | 0.1490 (0.1108) | 0.5570 |
| (1.6a) | 0.4487 | 0.2365 | 0.0972 (0.0856) | -0.1618* (0.0711) | 0.0786 (0.0977) | 0.6406 |
We can now introduce the economic question of whether, having corrected approximately for climatic influences, we can isolate a systematic price element in the production series. Five equations are presented in Table II; each being estimated with deflated prices as well as with actual prices. A further variable, area of pasture top-dressed with superphosphate and/or lime for the whole of New Zealand, is also introduced.11
11. Over the period 1928-50 the correlation of first differences between nominal export prices in period t-1 and top-dressing in period twas 0·53, and that of the deflated series with the same lag was 0·52. In the period t-2 the corresponding figures were 0·31 and 0·25 respectively. Owing to these relationships the top-dressing variable in the equations is non-significant.
56 |
THE ECONOMIC RECORD |
MAY |
X4 is Export Prices in the year ended 30th June t - 1.
X5 is Export Prices in the year ended 30th June t - 2.
X6 is the area top-dressed in the January year, t- (5/12)
As might be expected from the coefficients of determination in Table I, the use of the first difference transformation in Table II has resulted in fairly large errors of the equation in each case. This is partly explained by the lack of suitable variables besides those considered, but must largely be attributed to the use of the first difference transformation with a variable, namely, rainfall, which is particularly subject to errors of measurement.
The addition of one or other of the price variables by itself appears to add very little to the variance explained in equation (1.1b). The deflated series might be said to be the more significant of the two, but at such low levels of significance that a conclusion is exceedingly tentative. This result is corroborated, however, by the improvement in the explanation when top-dressing is introduced.11 The two-year response also shows out more clearly. It will be noted that the deflated b15 is significant at the 5 per cent level in equations (1.5a) and (1.6a) while b14 and b>16 are not. Such a relationship is rather suspect from the statistical point of view, for with successive manipulations of such a short series, we can expect sooner or later a significant relation at the 5 per cent level to turn up purely by chance. There is also the problem of multicollinearity to be taken into account. We propose to deal with it below.
Our preliminary conclusion, at this stage, is that we have failed to isolate any real price influences in the farm production series. We have only a negative indication that the supply function of New Zealand agriculture is highly inelastic. In other words, not only is the supply of farm products independent of the current market situation, but it also tends to be independent even of previous market situations.
To measure more accurately the effect of the seasonal variables used, especially X2, Ruakura rainfall, the field of investigation was narrowed down to the Waikato area itself. This area is predominantly dairying, so that the dependent variable “butterfat supplied to factories”12 may be expected to be directly related to climatic variations. Data for the other independent variable, crop of hay and ensilage
12. This information was specially extracted from the records of the Census and Statistics Department, Wellington. The author wishes to thank the Government Statistician (Mr. G. E. Wood) for allowing him access to these confidential records. A certain error exists in the data as the factory returns are collected for the year ending March 31.
MAY, 1955 |
AGGREGATE SUPPLY OF FARM PRODUCTS |
57 |
saved, also relate to this area.13 It was possible in this case to extend the analysis to cover the thirty-three years from 1918 to 1951.
The variables are, finally:
X1 = Butterfat supplied to Waikato factories,
X2 = Ruakura rainfall,
X3 = Hay and ensilage saved in Waikato from the previous season,
X4 = Factory payout during the previous season.14
Two equations in first differences of logarithms follow:
| (3.1) | X1 = K + | 1.4068 (0.2748) | X2 + | 0.3818 (0.0951) | X3 | R² = 0.6537 | |
| (3.2) | X1 = K + | 1.2855 | X2 + | 0.3753 | X3 | + 0.1011 X4; | R² = 0.6619 |
DIAGRAM I
Normalized Regression Slopes, Waikato Supply Function, 1918-52
The marked effect of variations in summer rainfall on dairy production in the Waikato is clearly brought out. Since one-third of the total cows in milk in New Zealand are in this area, the variation in
13. The hay and ensilage and top-dressing data were extracted from the agricultural and pastoral statistics for the region which was thought to supply butterfat to the factories selected in (12) and which also had some climatic kinship with Ruakura. The counties covered are Manakau, Franklin, Raglan, Waikato, Thames, Hauraki, Ohinemuri, Matamata, Piako, Waipa and Otorohanga.
14. Average payout by dairy companies for butterfat for butter.N.Z. Dairy Board Report, 1948-9, p. 8.
58 |
THE ECONOMIC RECORD |
MAY |
summer rainfall at Ruakura will have a reasonably strong influence on total butterfat for New Zealand, and even on aggregate farm output.
The normalized regression slopes are set out in Diagram 1. The set (123) is given in equation (3.1). The addition of price in (1234) (equation 3.2) indicates that the resulting equation is multicollinear. We are not in a position therefore to use any price elasticity so obtained for policy purposes, as it must necessarily be influenced by the presence of an “unexpected relationship”.
DIAGRAM II
Normalized Regression Slopes, Waikato Supply Function, 1926-52
MAY, 1955 |
AGGREGATE SUPPLY OF FARM PRODUCTS |
59 |
Since top-dressing data has only been collected from 1926, the rest of this analysis is restricted to the 26-year period 1926-52. Diagram II sets out the results of the confluence analysis. The subscripts 1, 2, 3, 4, remain the same as in the 33-year analysis, top-dressing being designated X5 in this case. The number of different price situations has been narrowed down to the single relationship which looked most promising so as to keep the computations within reasonable bounds. Possible equations are presented in Table III.
| TABLE III | ||||||
| Waikato Regression Coefficients and Multiple Determinations,1926-52 | ||||||
| Rainfall b12 |
Hay and Silage b13 |
Price (t - 1) b14 |
Top- dressing b15 |
R² | ||
| (3.3) | . . | 1.2364 (0.2877) |
0.2750 (0.1053) |
0.5082 | ||
| (3.4) | . . | 1.1640 (0.2652) |
0.2633 (0.0966) |
0.3740 (0.1625) |
0.6073 | |
| (3.5) | . . | 1.2053 | 0.2351 | -0.1828 (0.1185) |
0.6490 | |
| (3.6) | . . | 1.2659 | 0.2697 | -0.1000 (0.1304) |
0.5216 | |
| (3.7) | . . | 0.1872 | -0.1256 (0.1662) |
0.5052 | 0.2679 | |
| (3.8) | . . | 1.1366 | -0.2387 (0.1334) |
0.4792 | 0.5424 |
From Diagram II, however, we see that not all of the above equations are acceptable owing to a suspicion of multicollinearity. The only consistent three-set is (123) and as the higher sets are not satisfactory we are forced back to the same group of variables in equation 1.1b of Table I.
This last result indicates that yearly variations in the supply of butterfat are more related to climatic changes than to changes in price the preceding year. Although the Waikato basin is not entirely given over to dairy production (the ratio of milking cows to sheep is 1: 2 - 9) the lack of price responses suggests that butterfat output tends to behave like an aggregate itself, rather than as a price-sensitive component of the national aggregate. The reason for this lies, of course, in the immense natural advantages that this grassland dairying pattern has over other possible alternatives at present-day prices.
60 |
THE ECONOMIC RECORD |
MAY |
In general the failure to isolate some chain of causation between changes in price and subsequent changes in output supports the hypothesis that dairy output can be regarded as an autonomous variable in any future New Zealand studies in econometrics. Clearly some other types of farm production than dairying may still remain exceedingly sensitive to market changes and in such cases could not be regarded as wholly predetermined.
The low values obtained for the partial regression coefficients of price on production at least indicate that the one-year supply curve of agriculture is nearly vertical and that in some periods of years it leans somewhat to the left and in others somewhat to the right. The positive slope of dairy output for 1919-52 is a reflection of rapid development in the early 'twenties when, by and large, prices were also favourable. The negative slope for 1926-52 is a reflection, on the other hand, of the depression when marked climatic rises in butterfat production were associated with unfavourable movements in prices. Since 1940, the slope has undoubtedly moved over to the right again. These conclusions fit quite satisfactorily into some of the recently published work of W. W. Cochrane in the U.S.A.15
The mechanism by which farmers adjust production requires some comment. Changes in price may have two effects which, in a single product type of farm such as a dairy farm, tend to counteract one another. Higher prices may tend to increase marginal inputs in accordance with marginal productivity theory but, at the same time, the higher income reduces pressure upon the farmer and probably causes him to take some of his increased real income in the form of leisure.
Finally the period of years selected must influence the resulting regression. Since 1918 there have been so many and so marked technological and economic changes in the population we have been measuring that any assumption of a homogeneous or stable economic structure is almost certainly wrong. These considerations point to the analysis of a reasonably short period of time, certainly much shorter than that strictly required for a time series analysis. In the long run increases in farm output are dependent on the direct adoption of new techniques whatever the particular stimulus for such changes happens to be.
R. W. M. JOHNSON
Massey Agricultural College.
15. W. W. Cochrane: "An Analysis of Farm Price Behaviour", in Pennsylvania State College, Progress Report, No. 50.


Ping pong will count to your number from 1 with the following expectations:
Grace Marion
Gracekashe/https://github.com/gracekashe/ping-pong.git
javascript


| Xmega Application Note | |||||
16-bit union. More...
#include <compiler.h>
Data Fields | |
| S16 | s16 |
| S8 | s8 [2] |
| U16 | u16 |
| U8 | u8 [2] |
16-bit union.
Definition at line 144 of file compiler.h.
Definition at line 146 of file compiler.h.
| S8 Union16::s8[2] |
Definition at line 148 of file compiler.h.
Definition at line 147 of file compiler.h.
| U8 Union16::u8[2] |
Definition at line 149 of file compiler.h.
| Generated on Fri Oct 22 12:15:26 2010 for AVR1300 Using the Xmega ADC by 1.6.3 |


|
TOM PAXTON WAS RIGHT
FALL SEASON PROMISES MANY, MANY LAWYERS
by Christine A. Corcos
Oh, a suffering world cries
for mercy.
As far as the eye can see,
Lawyers around every bend in the road.
Lawyers in every tree.
Lawyers in restaurants.
Lawyers in clubs.
Lawyers behind every door.
Behind windows and potted plants,
Shade trees and shrubs.
Lawyers on pogo sticks.
Lawyers in politics.
In ten years we're gonna have one million lawyers.
How much can a poor nation stand.
Tom Paxton, In Ten Years We're
Gonna Have One Million Lawyers, From One Million Lawyers and
Other Disasters, Flying Fish Records.
Tom Paxton never wrote truer
words, and I realize that every time I see the announcements
for the new shows on U. S. television networks. The Fall 2003
season is absolutely in line with previous years. As the leaves
fall and footballs fly, get ready for these exciting (?) innovative
(!?) new programs, in which both attorneys and cops (including
FBI agents) become rehabilitated, either through their own efforts,
or through the desire of a nation under siege to find heroes
among us.
From ABC comes a show about "a recovering alcoholic"
who leaves big time law practice for a store front office in
a strip mall. Better Days (originally called The Flannerys)
stars Jeffrey Nordling as the Irish American who turns his life
around, having seen the shallowness and amorality of corporate
law. This show was probably inspired by the success of CBS' The
Guardian, also about a lawyer who is redeemed, and farther
back, by the big screen Regarding Henry, with Harrison
Ford as the lawyer who has to lose his memory to regain his soul.
NB: Don't confuse this show with the failed pilot of the same
name (also from ABC) starring Jim Belushi as a laid off auto
worker.
Also from ABC: The DA, starring Steven Weber as the attorney
of the title who solves the murder of an associate. Oh, goody:
a dead lawyer! The Street Lawyer, starring Hal Holbrook,
and based on the John Grisham novel, also makes its debut on
ABC. ABC also plans to offer us law-related shows such as 10-8
(rookie cop drama/comedy), Alaska (state trooper solves
crimes), Karen Sisco (based on a character from the Jennifer
Lopez movie Out of Sight), Lines of Duty (FBI rookie
goes up against a mob boss); The Partners (female cops
go undercover), Threat Matrix (about the fight against
terrorism), in all of which lawyers are likely to make at least
token appearances. There's also something called Then Came
Jones, set in a brothel at the turn of the 20th century;
the legal profession will undoubtedly show up somewhere in that
series as well.
CBS has on offer Century City, a futuristic law show with
Eric Schaeffer and Viola Davis. This promising show will investigate
how the legal system might change by 2053. Check out the TV
Tome page. CBS is also proposing a JAG spinoff with
Mark Harmon and the perennially popular (and underrated) David
McCallum (remember The Man From U.N.C.L.E.)? Law-related
shows include Criminology 101, about two students who
put what they learn in class to good use in crime-solving, Expert
Witness (about forensic pathologists: Calling Dr. Quincy!),
The Law and Henry Lee, starring Danny Glover as a P.I.
in San Francisco, Street Boss, another cop show, The
Unsolved, about a woman detective who handles cold cases,
and Violent Crime, about Boston policewomen handling just
what the title suggests.
Fox plans to air The Circuit, premised on an examination
of court cases seen through the eyes of the jury. Like Century
City, this series at least suggests originality. Fox's law-related
shows include The Break, about a cop who moves to Hawaii
with his son, the futuristic NYPD 2069, about a cop who
was frozen and is now defrosted.
Lifetime has bought three series featuring law enforcement: Follow
the Leeds (the "leads", get it???!), starring Elizabeth
Densmore as a private investigator, and Wild Card, about
insurance investigators, and starring Joely Fisher (I hate to
think that her last name is "Wild" but it probably
is); and 1-800-Missing, about a psychic who helps an FBI
agent solve crimes.
NBC will schedule EDNY, about New York district attorneys,
with William Baldwin, Rob Lowe in The Lyon's Den, a law
firm drama (his name doesn't seem to be Lyon or Lyons so I'm
at a loss to understand the title, but see TV
Tome's page, and Miss Match, with Alicia Silverstone
(Clueless) as a lawyer who tries to find people their
true loves (Mis-match, get it?????!!!). Its law-related series
include Casino Eye, about casino security and starring
James Caan, Future Tense (another punningly titled program)
set in the "near future" and featuring high tech, Gated
World, with Phil Hendrie as a former cop who takes a job
as head of security at a gated community, Homeland Security,
with Tom Skerritt and others as fighters against terrorism, Rupert
Everett in Mr. Ambassador (maybe we'll see some international
law?), The Real Deal, about a governor and his staff,
and Whoopi Goldberg in an as-yet untitled show about a former
singer who indulges in crime.
Law is peripheral to some other shows that frankly, look like
clones. In each, an individual or family actually has to go to
work when the head of the family gets arrested and convicted
of some dastardly deed. Check out Jenny McCarthy's proposed series
from ABC, (no title yet), and Arrested Development (from
Fox). Kevin Hart also has an ABC series ready, in which his family
loses its money, but it's not clear how that happens. The notion
of rich people getting their comeuppance seems quite popular
in a period in which we are enjoying stories about Ken Lay's
wife opening a resale shop. Psychic powers are still in vogue;
check out True Calling (Starring Eliza Dushku on Fox)
in which a woman discovers she can go back in time and prevent
tragedy (shades of Early Edition), Wonder Falls
(also Fox) in which a woman has visions, and Lifetime's 1-800-Missing.
Of course, whether one can truly interfere with the course of
events, and whether free will exists, are deep philosophical
questions that I am not certain these shows will investigate
thoughtfully. For a helpful essay on the philosophical problems
associated with time travel (if you go back in time and kill
your grandfather will you exist?) see geocities.com
or the time travel essay in the Internet
Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
UPN offers The Edge, about even more FBI agents and DEA
agents on the U. S. -Mexican border, Vegas Dick, about a former
crook recruited to work for a casino, and Weapon X, about
a National Security Agency operative who develops superpowers.
USA Network has ordered further development of three shows, a
Tom Berenger vehicle called Peacemakers, about law enforcement
in the Old West, Thought Crimes, which sounds like a Minority
Report-inspired series, and something called Touching
Evil, apparently based on a British television series, and
starring Peter Wingfield as a detective who develops psychic
powers (even better than 1-800-Missing!)
Finally, WB has Chasing Alice, in which a Scotland Yard
detective comes to New York to look for her missing sister, Fearless,
in which a girl is recruited to join the FBI, MacGyver,
an updating of the Richard Dean Anderson series, in which MacGyver's
nephew continues his uncle's work, Other People's Business,
about aimless L.A. types who decide to become private detectives,
and Tarzan, in which Tarzan comes to New York and meets
policewoman Jane.
But we don't have to wait for
one new comedy, Gary the Rat, starring the voice of Kelsey
Grammer. It debuted June 26, 2003 and features a Harvard Law
School educated Wall Street lawyer who is so underhanded that
he actually turns into a rat. It's not clear how, but it may
be through a lightning strike. At any rate, his managing partner
seems to take Gary's new verminous condition in stride, except
for gratuitous remarks about his tail and generally furry appearance.
Of course, the partner, Jackson Harrison, needs all the help
he can get. He's only head of the firm because of the tragic
death of everybody else in a highly improbable bus accident.
 Gary is less than sympathetic,
usually assuring her that the straps that the nursing staff use
to restrain her are for her own good, and that he'll see her
when he's not busy. Gary's self-centered, uncaring attitude is
what makes him a good lawyer, says the show, and it's also what
makes him an excellent rat. He does have his good points-he helps
the boss's secretary ward off the unwanted attentions of another
lawyer, and gets revenge on the fellow as well. Gary the Rat
is amusing, and gets its digs in not only at lawyers, but at
psychiatrists and many other professionals. The animation is
less than stellar (not as good as that for Stripperella,
for example), but what sells this show is the writing, which
is subtle and well, different. As Gary himself would say, "I
know about being different."
As I look over this unpromising roster, having seen NONE of these
shows, here's my psychic prediction: some of these shows will
air once or not at all. I don't hold out much hope that most
of them will go past two or three episodes. The most original-sounding
among them, Century City and The Circuit, probably
have no chance at all. Most likely to succeed? The ones with
psychics in them, which will last a season or two, because they
make the viewing public feel good. The ensemble dramas, like
Better Days, will stand or fall on whether we like the
characters. Most of the others, like The Street Lawyer,
in spite of its stellar lead, will be out on the street in an
episode or two.
For more about the upcoming fall season see the Pazsaz
Entertainment Network , TVTome
, and the websites of the various networks: ABC
; CBS ; Fox
; Lifetime ; USA
; Warner
Brothers ; UPN and NBC.
For more about Gary the Rat see thenewtnn.com.
I like these pages in spite of TNN's slogan, The First Network
for Men. Seems to me a LOT of them are for men, and have been
since the beginning).
Posted August 19, 2003
|


[1]
would not get it to stay here again.
[2]
rooms and found we could not hesitate to stay here again.


//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft and contributors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
var exports = module.exports;
var UsageAggregationManagementClient = require('./usageAggregationManagementClient');
exports.UsageAggregationManagementClient = UsageAggregationManagementClient;
/**
* Creates a new {@link UsageAggregationManagementClient} object.
*
* @param {string} [credentials.subscriptionId] The subscription identifier.
* @param {string} [baseUri] The base uri.
* @param {array} [filters] Optional array of service filters
* @return {UsageAggregationManagementClient} A new UsageAggregationManagementClient object.
*/
exports.createUsageAggregationManagementClient = function (credentials, baseUri, filters) {
return new exports.UsageAggregationManagementClient.UsageAggregationManagementClient(credentials, baseUri, filters);
};


This is dummy copy. It is not meant to be read. It has been placed here solely to demonstrate the look and feel of finished, typeset text. Only for show. He who searches for meaning here will be sorely disappointed. These words are here to provide the reader with a basic impression of how actual text will appear in its final presentation.
This is dummy copy. It's Greek to you. Unless, of course, you're Greek, in which case, it really makes no sense. Why, you can't even read it! It is strictly for mock-ups. You may mock it up as strictly as you wish.
After all, you have many other things you should be doing. Who's paying you to waste this time, anyway?
This is dummy copy. It is not meant to be read. It has been placed here solely to demonstrate the look and feel of finished, typeset text. Only for show. He who searches for meaning here will be sorely disappointed. These words are here to provide the reader with a basic impression of how actual text will appear in its final presentation.
Photography by Marsel Van Oosten


Turtle Fractal
Figure A.1 - Turtle drawing a tree fractal
angle = 30
delta = 10
distance = 60
Turtle.Speed = 9
GraphicsWindow.BackgroundColor = "Black"
GraphicsWindow.PenColor = "LightGreen"
DrawTree()
Sub DrawTree
If (distance > 0) Then
Turtle.Move(distance)
Turtle.Turn(angle)
Stack.PushValue("distance", distance)
distance = distance - delta
DrawTree()
Turtle.Turn(-angle * 2)
DrawTree()
Turtle.Turn(angle)
distance = Stack.PopValue("distance")
Turtle.Move(-distance)
EndIf
EndSub
Paddle Game
Keep the ball up by moving the paddle left and right
Figure A.3 - Paddle Game
GraphicsWindow.BackgroundColor = "DarkBlue"
paddle = Shapes.AddRectangle(120, 12)
ball = Shapes.AddEllipse(16, 16)
GraphicsWindow.MouseMove = OnMouseMove
x = 0
y = 0
deltaX = 1
deltaY = 1
RunLoop:
x = x + deltaX
y = y + deltaY
gw = GraphicsWindow.Width
gh = GraphicsWindow.Height
If (x >= gw - 16 or x <= 0) Then
deltaX = -deltaX
EndIf
If (y <= 0) Then
deltaY = -deltaY
EndIf
padX = Shapes.GetLeft (paddle)
If (y = gh - 28 and x >= padX and x <= padX + 120) Then
deltaY = -deltaY
EndIf
Shapes.Move(ball, x, y)
Program.Delay(5)
If (y < gh) Then
Goto RunLoop
EndIf
GraphicsWindow.ShowMessage("You Lose", "Paddle")
Sub OnMouseMove
paddleX = GraphicsWindow.MouseX
Shapes.Move(paddle, paddleX - 60, GraphicsWindow.Height - 12)
EndSub


Ecological forecasting
Jacox at al. 2020 - Seasonal to interannual prediction of U.S. coastal LMEs
Introduction
- Just like weather forecasts, there is an increasing need for ocean and marine ecosystem forecasts to support proactive management and conservation decisions (Payne et al. 2017, Tommasi et al. 2017a). Taking this proactive approach instead of a reactive one can help buffer against negative impacts of “poor” ocean conditions and maximize potential benefits during “good” conditions (Tommasi et al. 2017a, Hobday et al. 2016, 2018). Along with changes in trends and variability, such tools are particularly useful for extreme events, including marine heatwaves (Holbrook et al. 2019).
- The difference between marine ecosystem forecasts and climate projections is largely a matter of time scales. Climate projections focus on long-term trends and potential scenarios to inform policy decisions and guide long-term planning efforts. In contrast, marine ecosystem forecasts operate over shorter timescales (seasonal to interannual) more relevant to resource users, managers, and reliant communities. There are a number of different ecosystem forecasting frameworks, including modeling approaches, used to provide this information. Across all of these frameworks, striving to use statistical models informed through a mechanistic understanding should increase the forecast skill (Cuddington et al. 2013).
Marine ecosystem forecasting methods Generall, we can break forecasting methods into two groups: dynamical forecasting models and statistical forecasting models.
- Dynamical forecasting: Resolve non-linearities, handle issues of non-stationarity, and excel at forecasting novel conditions
- Statistical forecasting: Require long data timeseries, struggle to resolve non-linearities and handle non-stationarity issues. But, less reource intensive and not subject to model error biases like dynamical forecasting models
Physical forecasting methods
-
Coupled global climate forecasts Dynamic prediction system that encompasses multiple coupled components (e.g., atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and land), with potential for climate feedbacks and controls. Examples include the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME, Kirtman et al. 2014). For interannual to decadal timescales, World Climate Research Program is leading the charge. Subseasonal (2 weeks to 2 months) are also being developed through National Weather Service Global Ensemble Forcast System, among others. These are generally coarse-scale models, and therefore they tend to struggle with fine-scale processes (freshwater discharge, tidal forcing, coastal upwelling). Though, they have been shown to produce skillfull predictions for many other important physical variables, including large-scale models of climate variability like the El Nino-Southern Oscillation and monthly SST anomalies for many LMEs in US and across the globe (Stock et al. 2015, Hervieux et al. 2017).
-
Dynamically downscalled regional forecasts In marine ecosystems, these forecasts generally use some fine-scale regional ocean model nested within a global climate model, where the forcing and boundary conditions used in the regional ocean model are supplied by the coarser-scale global climate model. These show promise for overcoming some of the limations of global climate models for resolving fine-scale processes. Though, they are inherently linked to the skill and bias present in the global climate model. Some of these exist in the Pacific, but still getting off the ground in the Nortwest Atlantic. This is mostly because the northwest Atlantic lacks a dominant interannual climate signal to support high predictive skill like the ENSO system in the Pacific. In the Northwest.
-
Statistical downscaling and forecasting These forecasting methods strive to find statistical relationships between the large-scale global climate models and some response of interest (for example the Gulf Stream variability or the NAO). Although they some beneficial charactersitics, they rely heavily on monitoring data to capture the relationship signal. Synoptic climatology and linear inverse modeling are two examples of statistical downscaling techniques.
-
Hybrid statistical/dynamical approaches Most common hybrid method includes statistically correcting global fields (forcing, boundary conditions) of global climate models and then supplying these corrected fields to regional ocean mdels.
Biogeochemical and ecological forecasting methods
-
Dynamically downscaled regional forecasts A few of the dynamic downscaled forecasting for physical variables have been extended to include biogeochemical variables, especially nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton. These models have a number of challenges to overcome, mostly because the information included in the finer-scale regional ocean model is more extensive than that available from the global climate model.
-
Statistical forecasts This is the most common approach. It consists of four components:
- Ability to skillfully forecast physical environment,
- Predictable ecological response of changes to physical environment,
- Communication and engagement with stakeholders (Payne et al. 2017, Dietze et al. 2018),
- Matching forecast time scales with time scales of decision making processes (Zador et al. 2016) When using this approach, need to account for the uncertainty in BOTH forecasts of physical environmental variables and uncertainty in ecological response-physical environment relationships.
Mechanisms of predictability There are certain mechanisms that we might be able to leverage ot enhance forecast skill. Oceanic processes
-
Persistence Ocean anomalies. Once they are formed, they tend to stick around for a while (weeks to months). This is particularly true of Pacific ecosystems over Atlantic ecosystems (Hervieux et al. 2017). In the north Pacific, persistence forecasts excel out to 3 months, and sometimes out to as much as a year. In the Atlantic, skill degrades after only 1 or 2 months. Across both ocean basins, skill depends on depth and skill tends to increase with increasing depth or when using depth integrated physical variables.
-
Re-emergence The re-emergence phenomenon captures how seasonal variations in the depth of the surface mixed layer influence the evolution temperatures as the water mass travels throughout the water column.
-
Ocean waves Kelvin waves, which propogate and move quickly, as well as Rossby waves, which propogate and move slowly, both effect ocean currents, hydrography and can have long lasting impacts on ocean physics and biology. Although kelvin waves (and other “coastal trapped waves”) could increase “downstream” predictability, generally operate at fairly fine spatial scales, which would not be agreeable with global climate models. Additionally, at least in the Northwest Atlantic it seems that advection is the dominant process governing the equatorward movement of anomalies.
-
Tropical-Extratopical connections Although the atmosphere is less predictable than the ocean on seasonal to inter-annual time scales, known atmospheric patterns assocaited with large scale climate variability like ENSO can increase ocean predictability.
-
Sea-ice related processes in subarctic regions Many regions show “freeze to melt” memories (e.g., sea ice extent/area/thickness can return to where it was in the previous season following retreat) and there are connections between sea-ice extent and oceanographic characteristics (e.g., sea ice area/thickness and cold pool extent.)


TABLE OF INTERACTIONS WITH
MARAVIROC
From the French ANSM drug interactions document of September 2016, p. 146
MARAVIROC RxNorm: 620216 ATC: J05AX09 |
FOSAMPRENAVIR RxNorm: 358262 ATC: J05AE07 |
Significant decrease of the concentrations of amprenavir that could lead to a loss of the virological response |
Not recommended |
MARAVIROC RxNorm: 620216 ATC: J05AX09 |
ENZYMATIC INDUCERS CLASS CODE: N03-J05-001 |
In the absence of the administration at the same time with a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4, decrease of the concentrations of maraviroc by the inducer |
Precaution for use The dose of maraviroc must be increased to 600 mg twice a day in this situation. |
MARAVIROC RxNorm: 620216 ATC: J05AX09 |
STRONG INHIBITORS OF CYP3A4 CLASS CODE: J02-J05 |
Increase of the concentrations of maraviroc by the inhibitor |
Precaution for use The dose of maraviroc must be reduced to 150 mg twice a day if it is taken with this inhibitor. With the exception of tipranavir boosted by ritonavir where the dose of maraviroc must be 300 mg twice a day. |
MARAVIROC RxNorm: 620216 ATC: J05AX09 |
ST JOHNS WORT Hypericum perforatum RxNorm: 258326 ATC: not found |
Risk of decrease of the plasma concentrations of maraviroc that could lead to a loss of the virological response |
Not recommended |


SA Rugby boss: Doping critics can be charged with defamation
Cape Town - SA Rugby president Mark Alexander has hit out at critics suggesting there is a doping culture in South Africa rugby.
"You know, those who commented about our so-called drug culture can be charged with defamation. And what if we start talking about their drug culture?" Alexander said in an interview with Afrikaans newspaper Rapport.
Alexander was commenting after former Ireland lock Neil Francis made headlines earlier this month when he said an asterisk should be put next to the Springboks' Rugby World Cup triumph because of drug abuse.
"There is a problem in our schools, but all of us are working hard to try to solve it. Players were tested every day at the World Cup an no-one failed (a dope test)," the SA Rugby boss added.
Francis, who played 36 Tests for Ireland between 1987 to 1996, told the Irish Independent that he was "fairly certain" of a "steroid culture" in South Africa after Bok winger Aphiwe Dyantyi tested positive for "multiple" banned substances earlier this year.
Francis wrote: "How certain are we when we point a finger to suggest there is a steroid culture in a country that has just won the World Cup? Fairly certain.
"Is Dyantyi, a poster boy for the World Cup and winner of World Rugby’s young player of the year (in 2018), the only one? Or the only one to be caught?
"The player in my view will go down but the system stays in place. What were we saying about latitude and dispensation? Do we need to put an asterisk beside the winners of the 2019 World Cup?"
In an interview with Sport24 last week, former Springbok lock Marco Wentzel said doping was a concern in the local game.
"The unfortunate fact is that if we look at the last few years in terms of the amount of rugby players caught doping, critics have a point. In recent times we have had the cases of Gerbrandt Grobler, Chiliboy Ralepelle and Aphiwe Dyantyi and way back we had the likes of Johan Ackermann. It's an issue and I don't think those who raise the issue are factually incorrect," Wentzel said.
READ | Marco Wentzel's full Q&A interview with Sport24
Alexander added that he was sorry to hear of Dyantyi's positive test and indicated that he felt the player did not know he was taking a banned substance.
The 25-year-old now faces a four-year ban from the sport.
- Compiled by Herman Mostert


As Knights of Columbus members we have a moral obligation to give other good Catholic men the opportunity to grow in their faith by serving their church and community at a greater level. Many times volunteering through the Knights of Columbus helps men become better husbands, fathers and citizens. The Venerable Fr. Michael J. McGivney founded the Knights of Columbus 127 years ago with a vision and that vision has grown to over 1.76 million members, over 36,000 in Kansas alone. This past year our order donated over $150 million to charitable causes and volunteered more than 68 million hours to those in need.
The theme of this year’s recruiting program in Kansas is “Faith – Family - Fraternity Recruit a Knight”. This is a reminder of what the essence of membership in the Knights of Columbus is and of the importance of bringing in new members for Kansas. A focus of the recruiting program this year is for every district and council to develop a plan for recruiting new members. Recruiting new members is essential to the continued growth and well-being of each council and the order.
What tools are needed to ensure a successful recruitment effort?
-Organize your membership committee
-Build a prospect list by comparing your council roster to the parish roster
-Conduct a membership blitz
-One-on-one recruiting, two-on-one recruiting, husband and wife recruiting teams
-Hold a church drive and enlist the pastor’s support
-Promote the benefits of membership by sponsoring a Knights information night
-Recruit former members
-Conduct open houses
-Explain the concept of the 24-hour Knight
-Schedule and conduct frequent 1st degrees
If we make it a priority every month at every meeting and at every council activity to ask eligible Catholic men and their families to join us in our commitment to the Church and community, our order will grow in numbers and in strength in the great state of Kansas. As we increase the size of our membership, we also increase our ability to help make our society a better place for all through our volunteer efforts.
© Knights of Columbus - Kansas State Council
For comments or questions please email webmaster@kansas-kofc.org


| File | Statements | Branches | Functions | Lines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| blockchain | 81.46% | 167/205 | 71.21% | 47/66 | 92.86% | 39/42 | 80.61% | 158/196 | |
| httpServer | 67.48% | 110/163 | 30% | 15/50 | 71.88% | 23/32 | 75.89% | 107/141 | |
| miner | 97.22% | 35/36 | 75% | 3/4 | 80% | 4/5 | 100% | 35/35 | |
| node | 87.88% | 87/99 | 71.43% | 10/14 | 84.21% | 32/38 | 87.63% | 85/97 | |
| operator | 77.93% | 113/145 | 53.57% | 15/28 | 68.57% | 24/35 | 84.85% | 112/132 | |
| util | 87.1% | 54/62 | 60% | 12/20 | 93.75% | 15/16 | 91.23% | 52/57 |


---
layout: archive
title: Lean Prover Zulip Chat Archive
permalink: 113488general/72886Counterexamplegeneratorsformathematicians.html
---
The archive URL format has changed. Please find this page at:
https://leanprover-community.github.io/archive/stream/113488-general/topic/Counterexample.20generators.20for.20mathematicians.html


T3A09-events-fred
Output span:
...
Traditional onclick event:
This is
bold
this isn't
This is
bold and onMouseOver
this isn't


Utils¶
-
gym_electric_motor.utils.
instantiate
(superclass, instance, **kwargs)[source]¶ Instantiation of an instance that inherits from the passed superclass.
The instance can be passed as a key-string, a class pointer or an already instantiated object. In the latter case the same object will be simply returned. If a string is passed the corresponding class will be taken from the registry and instantiated with the given kwargs. If a class pointer is passed, then the class is instantiated with with given kwargs, directly.
Parameters: - superclass (class) – Superclass pointer for registry access
- instance (str, class, object) – Instance to instantiate
- kwargs – Arguments for the instantiation of the object
Returns: An instantiated object.
-
gym_electric_motor.utils.
make
(id, **kwargs)[source]¶ Short notation for the gym.make call to avoid the necessary import of gym when making environments.
-
gym_electric_motor.utils.
make_module
(superclass, keystring, **kwargs)[source]¶ Instantiation by an object that is specified by the key-string an its superclass from the registry.
Parameters: - superclass (class) – Superclass pointer for registry access
- keystring (str) – String to access the class pointer in the registry.
- kwargs – Arguments for the instantiation of the object.
Returns: An instantiated object.
-
gym_electric_motor.utils.
register_class
(subclass, superclass, keystring)[source]¶ Method to register a new class with a key-string into the registry of the superclass to be instantiable with the key-string.
-
gym_electric_motor.utils.
register_superclass
(superclass)[source]¶ Method to register a new superclass that can contain several key-strings for instantiation in the registry.
Basically, all superclasses in GEM are already registered like the Physical Systems, Reference Generators, …
-
gym_electric_motor.utils.
set_state_array
(input_values, state_names)[source]¶ Setting of the input values to a valid state array with the shape of the physical systems state.
The input values can be passed as dict with state_name: value pairs or as list / ndarray. In the latter case the shape of the list has to fit the state_names shape and the list will just be returned as array. If a float is passed as input value, then this value will be set onto all positions of the state array equally.
Parameters: - input_values (dict(float) / list(float) / ndarray(float) / float) – Values to be set onto the state array.
- state_names (list(str)) – List containing the state names of the physical system.
Returns: An initialized state array with all values passed in input values set onto the corresponding position in the state_names and zero otherwise.
-
gym_electric_motor.utils.
state_dict_to_state_array
(state_dict, state_array, state_names)[source]¶ Mapping of a passed state dictionary to a fitting state array.
This function is mainly used in the initialization phase to map a dictionary of passed state_name, state_value pairs to a numpy state array with the entries of the state_dict at the corresponding places of the state_names.
Parameters: - state_dict (dict) – Dictionary containing pairs of state_name, state_values for the state_array
- state_array (iterable) – Array into which the state_dict entries shall be passed
- state_names (list/ndarray(str)) – List of the state names.


This is a weird interface for making poetry using L-Systems. How it works: Paste a source text below, and then write a series of symbols and production rules for those symbols. As you move the "Depth" slider, the interface recursively expands the symbols with those production rules, creating a string of characters. These characters are interpreted as instructions for how to traverse a source text. (E.g., a P means "print the current word and move to the next"; a N means "display a new line.") It's sort of like drawing an L-System with turtle graphics except, you know, with words instead of pictures. Tap the ? symbols below for more hints and tips. Enjoy! (dismiss)
Source text ?
Type or paste text here. This will be the source text for your L-System poem. You can use a text of any length! If the instructions would cause the current position to lie beyond the end of the text, the generation procedure will wrap around to the beginning. Recommended source texts: modernist poetry, political speeches, old LiveJournal entries.
Depth ?
Rules ?
- P: Print the current word and advance to the next.
- +: Advance one word without printing.
- -: Move back one word without printing.
- N: Create a line break.
- T: Print a tab character.
- [: Store the current position on the stack.
- ]: Restore a previously stored position.
Seed:
Generated instructions ?
Output ?
The output of your source text and rules. For best effect, read it aloud, all the while imagining yourself bathed in spotlight, standing in a modestly-sized performance venue, an attractive and entranced audience before you.


We received your order. Your reservation: Hotel: ${bookingOrder.hotel.name} Checkin: ${bookingOrder.checkin_date} Checkout: ${bookingOrder.checkout_date} beds: $bedTypes[${bookingOrder.beds}] smoking:#if(${bookingOrder.smoking}) YES #else NO #endand you can cancel it any time.


CPU aka Central Processing Unit or the brain in the computer. The CPU is the most important part of a computer; it processes all of your data into something we can understand.
The first CPUs filled entire rooms, and they have now shrink down to being the same size as a penny. The speed of them has increased in a same matter. This is all possible because of advancement in technology, the invention of transistor is to this date the biggest advancement. We have now the technology to make transistors as big as 14nm (commercial) soon 7 and 10nm. We are coming close to the point that we can't shrink them anymore.
When you are buying CPU for your PC there are somethings to watch over. Generation, low/mid/high model, manufacturer, platform/socket.
Generation: If you are looking on two CPU at the same price, and the only difference is the generation of them, it is almost always best to take newest one, not only because of the speed increase but also power saving, new features that are introduce or integrated into the CPU.
Low/Mid/High model: It can be really hard to see the difference between low/mid/high models, because most of the differences is hidden or very advanced and not likely written on their information note. The easiest way is to look at the price, often the pricier the better. One more things is number of cores if you look at the same vendor, the more the better.
Manufacturer or Vendor: For normal consumer PC AMD and Intel is the biggest CPU manufacturer, where Intel have the reputation of having the best performing CPUs but also the priciest, where AMD have great CPUs for have decent price. But this can change when a new generation is released.
Platform / Socket: This is important because you have to match the CPU with the motherboard, both have to use the same platform / socket. Some platform / socket is AM1, AM2, AM3, AM3+ does are for AMD, and for Intel we have LGA775, LGA1366, LGA1156, LGA1155, LGA2011. With a new platform new features are introduced, DDR4, USB3.1 Gen 2 and M.2 are some examples.
RAM or Random Access Memory is the place your data is stored when it in use. The CPU will get most of its data from here, and store all its data between jobs. When you boot up your computer the OS is loaded into the RAM, so the CPU have fast access for the data.
We have many types of RAM, the type used most in PCs are DDR-RAM. DDR has many generations DDR, DDR2, DDR3 and DDR4 for every generation have gotten an increase in bandwidth there DDR4 is the newest and best.
DDR, DDR2, DDR3 and DDR4 cannot be used interchangeable (DDR3L and DDR4 can) so you have to get the right RAM for your PC.
When buying RAM, you have to look at type, but also the frequency, the higher the better, and the latency, the lower the better.


We Buy ₦ 377/$
We Sell ₦ /$
Minimum Amount $ 1,000
We Buy ₦ 370/$
We Sell ₦ /$
Minimum Amount $ 10,000
We Buy ₦ 350/$
We Sell ₦ 375/$
Minimum Amount $ 1,000
We Buy ₦ 340/$
We Sell ₦ 375/$
Minimum Amount $ 1,000
We Buy ₦ /$
We Sell ₦ /$
Minimum Amount $0
We Buy ₦ /$
We Sell ₦ 380/$
Minimum Amount $200
We Buy ₦ /$
We Sell ₦ 375/$
Minimum Amount $200


enum class SetupFutureUsage
Indicates that you intend to make future payments with this PaymentIntent’s payment method.
Providing this parameter will attach the payment method to the PaymentIntent’s Customer, if present, after the PaymentIntent is confirmed and any required actions from the user are complete. If no Customer was provided, the payment method can still be attached to a Customer after the transaction completes.
When processing card payments, Stripe also uses setup_future_usage
to dynamically optimize
your payment flow and comply with regional legislation and network rules, such as
SCA.
If setup_future_usage
is already set, you may only update the value
from OnSession to OffSession.
See setup_future_usage.
OnSession |
Use |
OffSession |
Use |


Hospital Profile
Hospital Number
Hospital Name
Hospital Type
Genaral
Specialize
Hospital Category (if Specialize )
General
This is item 3
Location
Barisal
Chittagong
Dhaka
Khulna
Mymensingh
Rajshahi
Rangpur
Sylhet
NO
Department Name
1
Name
Department
NO
Laboratory Name
1
Name
Laboratory
SAVE
CANCEL


I saw a Blackpool tram on the Embarcadero in San Francisco today. The destination on the side said “Tower“.
I particularly liked the description of San Francisco’s Blackpool tram on the Market Street Railway website Every time I read it I hear Fred Dibnah‘s accent.
In England, “trolleys” are shopping carts. This is a “tram” and a special one at that….”
The tram drivers on the newly extended F-line that runs the length of Market Street and then along the Embarcadero to Fisherman’s Wharf seem to like this tram. At lunchtime they park a few trams outside the newly renovated ferry building at the end of Market Street and all sit in the Blackpool tram to chat and eat. It really is quite a site. It’s even illuminated! For those who don’t know the Blackpool illuminations are a national institution in the UK and date back to the days when electric street lights were such a novelty that people would travel miles to see them.
Anyway all this got me thinking about trams and more particularly their rise, fall and recent resurrection as a serious form of public transportation.
In the UK Trams were introduced in the late 1800′s. Manchester, for example, had its first horse drawn tram in 1877. Steam power was tried for a while but rapidly replaced with electricity at the turn of the century. By 1927 British tramways as a whole operated 14,481 cars on 4110 km of track. The internal combustion engine soon proved a more flexible power source. Busses did not require expensive track or electrical power supply systems and private automobiles delivered the ultimate in personal transportation flexibility, not to mention increased social standing. After the second world war the automobile came within the financial reach of the average person and the trams were slowly phased out. The last tram in Manchester ran in January 1949, on the Manchester to Hazel Grove route. Its number was 1007.
By the 1970′s and 1980′s the automobile had became ubiquitous in many cities in the developed world. These cities became severely congested during the morning and evening rush hours. The virtues of the old trams that had been scrapped in the 1950′s slowly became self-evident. A well organized and run public transport system based on trams can carry greater numbers of people with more efficiency in and out of major cities than open access to private motor cars can support. This is definitely true of the relatively compact cities developed before the motor car but the sprawling cities developed since its invention, like Los Angeles and Phoenix, can probably never be saved.
Trams returned to Manchester with the opening of the Metrolink in 1992 the first test run through the City streets was made by vehicle number 1007. The Metrolink has proved so successful that other UK Cities are following Manchester’s lead and reviving tram systems.
- Leeds Supertram
- Sheffield Supertram
- Nottingham Express Transit
- Croydon Tramlink
railway-technology.com lists 41 current light railway systems being built in cities around the world.
I think the trend of rebuilding tram systems in major cities is a response to the way automobile congestion affects transportation networks. All commuters act out of self-interest by trying to shorten their journeys both in duration and distance. By having their own single or double occupancy vehicles commuters also have the convenience of traveling to a particular location at a time that is convenient for them. This strategy is more efficient than top down regulated systems of multiple occupancy vehicles with limited routes (Busses). But only up to a point. That point is somewhere just short of gridlock when journey time increase significantly. Here it becomes more efficient to travel together in multiple occupancy vehicles on a limited number of routes. Or at least it would be if everyone did so, the problem is that multiple occupancy vehicles get caught in the same traffic. There are two main ways of solving this problem.
- Reduce traffic by punishing travelers for using selfish, low occupancy, modes of transportation. London’s new tax on entering the city in an automobile is exactly this type of punishment.
- Provide segregated routes for multiple occupancy vehicles. Bus lanes, car pool lanes, and segregated tram lines all provide this form of advantage. This still leaves the question of why trams and not busses? A debate that appears to have been going on for years with no clear conclusion.


Research Methods for Global Studies
Class 9: Qualitative Analysis in Action
Abelardo Gómez Díaz
Methods
- 50 semistructured interviews
- Participant observation
Literature Review
- desires, aspirations, or preferences
- intentions or plans
- necessity or probability of migration
Core Questions
- What is it like to live in Zacualpan?
- What do you like about living here?
- Is it simpler to leave or to stay put in the village?
Well, the people who stay here ... the elderly, because they are rooted here; they already have their assets, whether they are good or bad. And well, because of age, they cannot be hired anywhere. It is also safer for them to live in the village, because they know everyone here. They know who they can lean on.
--Isabel, 47 year‐old female
Sometimes it looks like some of those who migrated maybe never truly decided to migrate. It is very complex. Or maybe many of us who had stayed put, would have liked to migrate but we did not. When villagers for instance have no land, not a single plot, have no house, I think it is easier for them to leave.  In that case, yes, it is easier for them to leave. Even though it is a very hard thing to do.
--Emiliano, 47 year-old male
Lupe, do you think it is simpler to stay put or to migrate?
[She doubts ...] Well, it's ... if you have a job here, I say it's good here. But then there are people that look like they do not like to work, or they do not work enough, and therefore for them it is better to go. But leaving, I would not want to leave, who knows why others leave? But not me, I tell you, I would not like it. And
now, even less.
--Lupe, 37 year-old female
‐Why did you decide to go?
Because unfortunately the countryside in Mexico is neglected. The government does not support it. It is not as supportive as other countries are. So we cannot get ahead from working in the fields as much as we would like to. Or at least as much as other people can with their jobs. So, I needed to have my own stuff, and I didn't find other way than going to the other side [to the US].
‐When you say your stuff ...
My fields, my house, my car. What everyone aims to have, isn't it? A home. Something to move around. To live more comfortably.
--Julio, 31 year-old male
Migrating elsewhere, even within Mexico, to another state, is difficult. You have to learn other ways of doing things, different food, the language in the United States ... It is always difficult to go elsewhere, it is not like being in one's place.
Agustín, 47 year-old male
Well I'm adaptable. I like it here. I like it anywhere. It does not affect me. It has not affected me in the places I have live in. I am ... happy. So, no, I don't mind being here, or anywhere else, but now my old mom needs me here. And I can do it [take care of her]. See, I am restless. I like it here, but if the opportunity of going to Tampico [a Mexican city] arises to take care of a friend who needs care, I would go. They call me a wanderer [laughs].
--Alondra, 62 year-old female
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Interviews
| Quantitative | Qualitative |
| Criteria Emphasized | reliability and validity | generality in theory formation |
| Point of View | interviewer's | interviewee's |
| Tangents | discouraged | encouraged |
| Format | structured | semi-structured or un-structured |
Interview Planning and Guides
- areas to be covered and background research
- notion of order and flow
- thoughts on question formulation and language
- consideration of setting
- consideration of social relationships
- structured sections for basic facts, informed consent, and closing
- practice / pilot interviews
Questions
- Introduction
- Follow-up
- Probing
- Specifying
- Direct
- Indirect
- Structuring
- Silence
- Interpreting
Interview Phases
- Introduction: breaking ice, getting informed consent, gaining trust
- Gathering basic information
- Body
- Closing: letting interviewee ask questions or raise concerns
Tips
- Be knowledgeable
- Use some structure
- Be clear
- Be gentle
- Be sensitive
- Be open and adjust to interviewee
- Be critical
- Remember what has been said
- Interpret meanings without imposing
- Balance between talking too much or too little
- Be sensitive to ethical issues
Notes, Recording, and Transcription
Conversation Analysis
- Fine-grained analysis of talk
- Concerned with production of social order via interaction
- Rooted in ethnomethodology (the study of the methods people use for understanding and producing social order)
Assumptions of conversation analysis
- Talk is structured
- Talk is forged contextually
- Analysis should be grounded in data
Core concepts of conversation analysis
- Turn-taking
- Adjacency pairs
- Preference organization
- Accounts
- Repair mechanisms
Transcription
| symbol | meaning |
| .hh | Breathing in |
| hh | Breathing out |
| : | Prolongation |
| (0.8) | Pause for 8/10 of a second |
| _ | Emphasis |
| (.) | Slight pause |
Conversation Analysis in Sidewalk
Conversation Analysis in Sidewalk


@@include('../blocks/header.html') @@include('../blocks/about.html') @@include('../blocks/certificate.html') @@include('../blocks/portfolio.html')
@@include('../blocks/footer.html')


This is the vue.js main application:
Alert
Test
{{testMessage}}
Child components: {{articleCount}}
add


SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb(3)
SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb, SSL_CTX_get_client_cert_cb - handle client
certificate callback function
#include <openssl/ssl.h>
void SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb(SSL_CTX *ctx, int (*client_cert_cb)(SSL *ssl, X509 **x509, EVP_PKEY **pkey));
int (*SSL_CTX_get_client_cert_cb(SSL_CTX *ctx))(SSL *ssl, X509 **x509, EVP_PKEY **pkey);
int (*client_cert_cb)(SSL *ssl, X509 **x509, EVP_PKEY **pkey);
SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb() sets the client_cert_cb() callback, that is called when a client certificate is requested by a server
and no certificate was yet set for the SSL object.
When client_cert_cb() is NULL, no callback function is used.
SSL_CTX_get_client_cert_cb() returns a pointer to the
currently set callback function.
client_cert_cb() is the application defined callback. If it
wants to set a certificate, a certificate/private key combination must be
set using the x509 and pkey arguments and ``1'' must be returned. The certificate will be installed
into ssl, see the NOTES and BUGS sections. If no certificate should be set, ``0''
has to be returned and no certificate will be sent. A negative return value
will suspend the handshake and the handshake function will return
immediately. SSL_get_error(3)
will return SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP to indicate, that the handshake was
suspended. The next call to the handshake function will again lead to the
call of client_cert_cb(). It is the job of the
client_cert_cb() to store information about the state of the
last call, if required to continue.
During a handshake (or renegotiation) a server may request a certificate
from the client. A client certificate must only be sent, when the server
did send the request.
When a certificate was set using the
SSL_CTX_use_certificate(3) family of functions, it will be sent to the server. The TLS standard
requires that only a certificate is sent, if it matches the list of
acceptable CAs sent by the server. This constraint is violated by the
default behavior of the OpenSSL library. Using the callback function it is
possible to implement a proper selection routine or to allow a user
interaction to choose the certificate to be sent.
If a callback function is defined and no certificate was yet defined for
the SSL object, the callback function will be called. If the callback
function returns a certificate, the OpenSSL library will try to load the
private key and certificate data into the SSL object using the
SSL_use_certificate() and SSL_use_private_key()
functions. Thus it will permanently install the certificate and key for
this SSL object. It will not be reset by calling SSL_clear(3). If the callback returns no certificate, the OpenSSL library will not send
a certificate.
The client_cert_cb() cannot return a complete certificate
chain, it can only return one client certificate. If the chain only has a
length of 2, the root CA certificate may be omitted according to the TLS
standard and thus a standard conforming answer can be sent to the server.
For a longer chain, the client must send the complete chain (with the
option to leave out the root CA certificate). This can only be accomplished
by either adding the intermediate CA certificates into the trusted
certificate store for the SSL_CTX object (resulting in having to add CA
certificates that otherwise maybe would not be trusted), or by adding the
chain certificates using the
SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert(3)
function, which is only available for the SSL_CTX object as a whole and
that therefore probably can only apply for one client certificate, making
the concept of the callback function (to allow the choice from several
certificates) questionable.
Once the SSL object has been used in conjunction with the callback
function, the certificate will be set for the SSL object and will not be
cleared even when SSL_clear(3) is being called. It is therefore mandatory to destroy the SSL object using SSL_free(3)
and create a new one to return to the previous state.
ssl(3), SSL_CTX_use_certificate(3),
SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert(3),
SSL_get_client_CA_list(3),
SSL_clear(3), SSL_free(3)
|


Field Data Collection Example
Learning Geospatial Analysis with Python 2nd Ed.
Fill out the form below and click "Send" to post your location and data to QGIS.
Name:
Date:
Comment:
Enter a brief comment


Police seize drug worth €100m from narcotics barons
by Agency ReportRussian police said Friday they had seized a two-tonne haul of Alpha PVP, a powerful synthetic stimulant and designer drug which can cause serious hallucinations.
Police found the cache along with some 5.8 tonnes of raw materials after searching an illegal lab outside Tosno, around 65 kilometres (44 miles) outside Saint Petersburg, interior ministry spokeswoman Irina Volk said.
She added the stash was worth around seven billion rubles (100 million euros, $110m) and that police had made three arrests.
Also known as flakka, Alpha-PVP is a cheap drug which has become popular in recent years via “dark web” sales and has a similar chemical make-up to bath salts.
Taking it can provoke hypertension, irregular heartbeat and hallucinations.
One user case hit the headlines in the United States three years ago when police arrested a student who had committed a murder and bitten the face of his victim while under the influence.
The main “dark web” drugs platform in Russia is known as Hydra — according to web news site Lenta, it has more than 800,000 users.
Russian intelligence earlier this month said they had dismantled an internet-based drug network based in 10 regions and seized around 650 million rubles worth of produce, including Alpha-PVP.
In the face of a growing problem, the interior ministry has announced plans to create, next year, a special task force to crack down on the online narcotics trade.
The ministry estimates that around two million Russians were consuming illegal drugs in 2017.
(AFP)


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% set title = 'bx python' %} {% block body %}
The bx-python project is a python library and associated set of scripts to allow for rapid implementation of genome scale analyses. The library contains a variety of useful modules, but the particular strengths are:


Ultimate Pi is an application inspired by a group of developers who share a curiosity towards technology. Our goal is to create a platform that acts as a bridge between a user and their device. This can commonly be referred to as a remote control but often times it can (and will be) misplaced. In the event of such unfortunate circumstance, Ultimate Pi's true utility can be seen.
By running a Node server on the Raspberry Pi, Ultimate Pi is able to provide a web interface allowing users to send infrared commands via HTTP requests to a REST API. Heroku is used to handle the HTTP requests that are then forwarded to the Pi directly.
This project is only in it's beginning stages, but has the potential to reach extraordinary heights. In our features page more information regarding our next steps can be found.


- always draw image only once it is loaded
- 100,0(second and third parameter) is the point in the image where you what to start croping
- 500,400(4th and 5th parameter) is the width and the heeight of the crop u want to make
- 500,0 (6th and 7th parameter) is the staring point from where your croped image has to be displayed
- 400,200 (8th and 9th parameter) is the width and height of the croped image which needs to be printed


Sorry, we could not connect
Please refresh your browser tab.
Metal Friday Tools
Auto-Woot
Hide Ad Block


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Easy.20way.20to.20lift.20the.20entire.20structure.3F.html ---
I have some algebraic structure, say a vector space. Then I take a quotient on the structure, and the equivalence relation is respected by all the operations of the algebraic structure (like addition and scalar multiplication). Then I want to say that the quotient space has the same algebraic structure, and there is a natural homomorphism between the original space and the quotient space. Do I need to prove everything again?
Currently we don't have a tactic automating this. But there are many examples in mathlib (including the one of vector spaces).
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Before Change
// This number is low enough to not cause too much contention on small systems
// but high enough to provide the benefits of parallelization. You may want
// to increase this number if you have a large number of CPU cores.
dataset = dataset.apply(tf.data.experimental.parallel_interleave(
tf.data.TFRecordDataset, cycle_length=10))
return resnet_run_loop.process_record_dataset(
dataset=dataset,
is_training=is_training,
After Change
// cycle_length = 10 means that up to 10 files will be read and deserialized in
// parallel. You may want to increase this number if you have a large number of
// CPU cores.
dataset = dataset.interleave(
tf.data.TFRecordDataset,
cycle_length=10,
num_parallel_calls=tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE)
return resnet_run_loop.process_record_dataset(
dataset=dataset,
is_training=is_training,


Test: What Do You Know About Mahmood A. Altahat
Education
Master's Degree in Electrical Power Engineering,At Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan (2017 - 2020)
Bachelor's Degree in Electrical Power Engineering, At Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan (2010 - 2016)
General Secondary Certificate,At Catholic Secondary School,Jordan (2009 - 2010)


{% extends 'icod/base.html' %} {% load static %}
We would like to hear from you if you have any comments or suggestions that would help us to improve the service that we offer. You can contact us:


In addition, the library includes a path-searching module. This allows an application to provide completion and lookup of files located in UNIX style paths. Although not built into the line editor by default, it can easily be called from custom tab-completion callback functions. This was originally conceived for completing the names of executables and providing a way to look up their locations in the user's PATH environment variable, but it can easily be asked to look up and complete other types of files in any list of directories.
Note that special care has been taken to allow the use of this library in threaded programs. The option to enable this is discussed in the Makefile, and specific discussions of thread safety are presented in the included man pages.
The current version is version 1.6.1. This may be obtained from:
http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~mcs/tecla/libtecla-1.6.1.tar.gz
For the sake of automated scripts, the following URL always points to the latest version. Note that the version number can be found in the README file.
http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~mcs/tecla/libtecla.tar.gz
The library is distributed under a permissive non-copyleft free software license (the X11 license with the name of the copyright holder changed). This is compatible with, but not as restrictive as the GNU GPL.
Sun Solaris 2.5,2.6,7,8,9 with any of gcc, Sun C, or g++. Mandrake Linux 7.1 etc.., gcc Red Hat Linux 7 etc.., gcc Fedora Core 1, gcc Suse Linux 6.4, gcc IBM AIX 4.3.3, gcc HP-UX 10.20, HP-UX 11, gcc, c89 FreeBSD, gcc Alpha OSF1, cc, gcc Mac OS X Cygwin (running under Windows) QNX NetBSD 1.6, 386, gcc SGI IRIX 6.5There haven't been many reports concerning the POSIX reentrant version, so the absence of any of the above from the following list of systems on which the reentrant version is known to work, shouldn't be taken as an indication that the reentrant version doesn't work.
Sun Solaris 2.5,2.6,7,8,9 with any of gcc, Sun C, or g++. Mandrake Linux, gcc RedHat Linux, gcc Fedora Core, gcc SuSE Linux, gcc HP-UX 11, gcc IBM AIX 4.3.3, gcc Alpha OSF1, cc SGI IRIX 6.5The only system that is known to have issues with the reentrant version of the library is SCO UnixWare 7.1.1. The problem is in the system provided signal.h, which breaks when POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined. It has been reported that this can be "fixed" by editing signal.h.
If you compile the library on a system that isn't mentioned above, please send E-mail to mcs@astro.caltech.edu.


In this problem, I had a gradebook containing a list of four students, eg. the first student in the list is named Thomas. There was a separate list of four sets of test scores, eg. the first set of scores was [80, 70, 70, 100]. I had to add each score set to a student respective of the list ordering, eg. since Thomas is the first student in the list, his set of scores is the first set, [80, 70, 70, 100].
I already had the logic in my head to solve the problem. I had to go through each student in the gradebook, get the number (ie. the index) indicating the student's position in the gradebook, retrieve the set of scores at the position indicated by the index, and add it to the student.
I had issues with this because the gradebook was defined as a JavaScript object. I did not know how to get the index of a value in an object.
I used Google to find the answer. I felt a little frustrated here as I could not find an answer quickly. It wasn't until I clearly defined my problem, based on the logical solution I was trying to implement (going through a set of values and getting each value's index) and the particular problem I was having (getting an index from a value in a JavaScript object) that I was finally able to find an answer. So, I searched something like "javascript object iterate index". After looking through a few links, I found what I wanted, and it was something that I had never seen before, but I decided to try it out.
I incorporated this into my code and it ended up working, I successfully managed to get the index from each value in the gradebook. I learned that to solve a particular problem when coding, you have to know your issue. And when getting help, you should be able to explain what you are trying to do and the particular concept you are having an issue with when trying to do that particular thing.
I was working on a piece of code where I had to capitalise the first letter of every word in a sentence. I could have used some very basic coding techniques to solve it, but it would have looked horrendous, horribly long, and have had a great potential for error.
To solve the problem elegantly, I wanted to use things called functions. which would each change a particular detail of the sentence, and use a different function step by step to transform the code. I was suggested to use the functions split, and join, all of which I were not familiar with, along with map and toUpperCase, which I was already familiar with. After researching online, I figured out how to use these functions and how to capitalise the first letter of all words, and solved the problem.
First, I wrote some pseudocode of the solution. Pseudocode is not actual code, but it is best described as, if code was transformed into simple, plain English. It is structured like code, but the actual text are just sentences describing exactly what is happening. In the pseudocode below, I described what the functions were doing as well as other actions.
I then started writing the code one by one, by converting each line of pseudocode into actual code. To ensure each line of the code was working as expected, I used console.log , which prints to the coding program whatever you want. For example, to make sure that the split function was correctly splitting a sentence eg. "hello hello", I used console.log on the result of the splitting to ensure I was seeing the desired result, eg. console.log"hello","hello"
Following the method, I managed to get the code working. But the code was longer than necessary because every action was written independent from the other. To simplify the code, I used chaining so that each function was joined to each other, so the code could happen on just one line.
Here, I learned that problem solving for complex problems is done best in a step by step manner, which slows the pace to make it easy to understand what's going on. And then only shorten the solution once you have actually got the solution working. It might be overwhelming to write something like the piece of code above in just one quick go.
Here I am describing how confident I am with the following methods of problem solving.
Pseudocode: I know how to write fairly good pseudocode, but I do not use it that often. I think it would be useful to write it more often to perfect it, especially when I solve more complex problems in the future.
Trying something: As demonstrated above, trying something definitely helps in cases that cannot be solved through the knowledge you already have. I was not confident about this method before using it like I just did, but I feel more confident about it now.
Rubber ducky: I have yet to try this but I can see how it works. I feel fairly confident that it would work.
Reading error messages: I am confident in reading some error messages, such as unit test messages and errors indicating which line something went wrong on. I am a little less confident about more ambiguous error messages such as range errors or reference errors, but with practice I am sure I will be fine.
Console.logging: I use this method all the time so I am 100% confident with it.
Googling: As shown above, finding the answer on Google takes a bit more work than you think. You need to clearly define your problem and intention before knowing what kind of answer you want. I used to just Google whatever came to my head, but now that I've done it in a cohesive manner I feel more confident.
Asking peers for help: I am not the best at describing my problems cohesively, so I'm not too confident about asking for help. I only feel relatively confident when I've tried practically everything I can think of and can think of no better way.
Asking coaches for help: I have not really tried this at all or had it come to my mind so don't really feel confident nor unconfident about it.
Improving my process with reflection: Having done a lot of reflecting throughout these past few weeks, I think it has improved my memory with things. I have yet to master it completely, but am feeling slightly more confident with it than I was previously.


Match Play. Red leads 1-0 to 3. Should Red double? If doubled, should White take?
pips Red=130 White=130
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
Leading 2-away vs 3-away is a difficult score at which to judge doubling decisions.
For money this a huge double and a borderline take/pass, due to the gammons won by Red. If Red doubles gammons won’t count because of the automatic redouble by White.
The position is definitely not too good to double but is it good enough?
The rollout has Red winning 73% of the time making this a very good double and a very clear take. Dropping would be a big blunder whereas not doubling is merely a bad error.
Leading 2-away vs 3-away is not a huge advantage so don’t be afraid to turn the cube, even if it puts the match on the line. Percentages never lie!
For money this a huge double and a borderline take/pass, due to the gammons won by Red. If Red doubles gammons won’t count because of the automatic redouble by White.
The position is definitely not too good to double but is it good enough?
The rollout has Red winning 73% of the time making this a very good double and a very clear take. Dropping would be a big blunder whereas not doubling is merely a bad error.
Leading 2-away vs 3-away is not a huge advantage so don’t be afraid to turn the cube, even if it puts the match on the line. Percentages never lie!
Cube analysis 2-ply cubeless equity +0.719 (Money: +0.584) 0.734 0.169 0.006 - 0.266 0.058 0.001 Cubeful equities: 1. Double, take +0.863 2. Double, pass +1.000 (+0.137) 3. No double +0.861 (-0.002) Proper cube action: Double, take


There is a problem
Knowledge base organisation name
What type of knowledge base is your organisation?
Registration number
Save and continue


Rideo is a Brooklyn-based rideshare advertising and passenger entertainment platform servicing businesses in the New York-New Jersey metro area. Founded in 2016 by three friends, Rideo enables businesses to showcase what is great about their product or service to an exclusive audience, while generating extra income for drivers. Rideo’s interactive tablets display advertisements and entertainment in unique and engaging ways across a variety of mediums.
To reach us e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or<PHONE_NUMBER>. We guarantee a response within 12 hours.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load bootstrap %} {% block content %}
Do you really want to delete this ATC{% if configuration_count %} used in {{ configuration_count }} configuration{{ configuration_count|pluralize }}{% endif %}?
Cancel Delete


curl_slist_free_all - free an entire curl_slist list
#include <curl/curl.h> void curl_slist_free_all(struct curl_slist *list);
curl_slist_free_all() removes all traces of a previously built curl_slist linked list.
Nothing.
curl_slist_append(3),
Surely there are some, you tell me!


Mouser stocks NXP ISELED enabled S32K MCUs for automotive
by Alex McCarthyMouser Electronics is stocking the S32K ISELED enabled microcontrollers from NXP Semiconductors. Part of NXP’s family of S32K automotive-qualified microcontrollers, these devices offer the same feature set in addition to the ISELED communication protocol.
The protocol avoids external processes and targets well-balanced light parameters with tight calibration and processing control for RGB LEDs.
The microcontrollers combine 32-bit Arm Cortex-based processing power and access to this communication ecosystem, enabling engineers to create dynamic sequences and light parameters.
Depending on the family, the devices feature either an Arm Cortex-M0+ core (S32K11x) or an Arm Cortex-M4F core (S32K14x) that include a production license and a dedicated driver to run the serial communication protocol.
The ISELED software driver runs within the SDK included in the S32 Design Studio IDE or in the AUTOSAR environment. Additionally, each microcontroller can serve as a single external master controller within the communication ecosystem.
Mouser also sells evaluation boards for the MCUs, including the S32K144EVB. Based on the S32K144 microcontroller, the S32K144EVB offers a form factor compatible with the Arduino Uno pin layout, providing a range of expansion board options for application prototyping and demonstration.


{% extends "skeleton.html" %} {% import "forum/macros.html" as m %} {% block header %} {{m.html_header(resource_version)}} {% endblock %} {% block pagetitle %}Forum • {{forum.name}} • Delete Post{% endblock %} {% block title %}Forum • {{forum.name}} • Delete Post{% endblock %} {% block maincontent %} War Worlds Forums {{forum.name}} Delete Post Delete post in {{forum.name}} Are you sure you want to delete this post? This action is irreversible! Message: {{post.content}} {% endblock %}
Are you sure you want to delete this post? This action is irreversible!


| Home | Trees | Indices | Help |
|
|---|
|
|
PilotComputeService (PCS).
The PilotComputeService is responsible for creating and managing the PilotComputes.
It is the application's interface to the Pilot-Manager in the P* Model.
| Instance Methods | |||
|
|||
|
|||
|
|||
|
Inherited from |
| Properties | |
| id | |
| pilot_jobs | |
| state | |
|
Inherited from |
| Method Details |
Create a PilotComputeService object. Keyword arguments: pjs_id -- Don't create a new, but connect to an existing (optional)
|
Cancel the PilotComputeService. This also cancels all the PilotJobs that were under control of this PJS. Keyword arguments: None Return value: Result of operation |
Add a PilotCompute to the PilotComputeService Keyword arguments: rm -- Contact string for the resource manager pilotcompute_description -- PilotCompute Description pj_type -- backend type (optional) context -- Security context (optional) Return value: A PilotCompute handle |
| Home | Trees | Indices | Help |
|
|---|
| Generated by Epydoc 3.0.1 on Sat Jan 26 22:29:04 2013 | http://epydoc.sourceforge.net |


Responsive Lightbox - Custom Button Text
Define button text in javascript test. This example sets button text to Turkish


1. Refresh the page to retry after 'Game Over'
2. Use Up, Right & Left arrow keys to play
Use up, left & right keys to play
Refresh the page to retry after 'Game Over'
Developed by:- Jagrav Garg


Go to /updateUser to change the etag.
Depending on how this page makes the call, the xhr will probably show a 200 on a 304. This is because in most cases a 304 triggers a pull from cache, reloading the previous 200. Your XHR/Ajax might show a 200, but the network tab should show a 304 (if cache is not disabled). In certain cases the 304 might show in XHR.