This function computes distance between two distributions represented by pdqr-functions. Here "distance" is used in a broad sense: a single non-negative number representing how much two distributions differ from one another. Bigger values indicate bigger difference. Zero value means that input distributions are equivalent based on the method used (except method "avgdist" which is almost always returns positive value). The notion of "distance" is useful for doing statistical inference about similarity of two groups of numbers.
summ_distance(f, g, method = "KS")
| f | |
|---|---|
| g | A pdqr-function of any type and class. |
| method | Method for computing distance. Should be one of "KS", "totvar", "compare", "wass", "cramer", "align", "avgdist", "entropy". |
A single non-negative number representing distance between pair of distributions. For methods "KS", "totvar", and "compare" it is not bigger than 1. For method "avgdist" it is almost always bigger than 0.
Methods can be separated into three categories: probability based, metric based, and entropy based.
Probability based methods return a number between 0 and 1 which is computed in the way that mostly based on probability:
Method "KS" (short for Kolmogorov-Smirnov) computes the supremum of
absolute difference between p-functions corresponding to f
and g
(|F - G|
). Here "supremum" is meant to describe the fact that if input functions
have different types, there can be no point at which "KS"
distance is achieved. Instead, there might be a sequence of points from left
to right with |F - G|
values tending to the result (see Examples).
Method "totvar" (short for "total variation") computes a biggest absolute
difference of probabilities for any subset of real line. In other words,
there is a set of points for "discrete" type and intervals for "continuous",
total probability of which under f
and g
differs the most. Note that
if f
and g
have different types, output is always 1. The set of interest
consists from all "x" values of "discrete" pdqr-function: probability under
"discrete" distribution is 1 and under "continuous" is 0.
Method "compare" represents a value computed based on probabilities of
one distribution being bigger than the other (see pdqr methods for "Ops" group generic family for more details on comparing
pdqr-functions). It is computed as
2*max(P(F > G), P(F < G)) + 0.5*P(F = G) - 1
(here P(F > G)
is basically
summ_prob_true(f > g)
). This is maximum of two values (P(F > G) + 0.5*P(F = G)
and P(F < G) + 0.5*P(F = G)
), normalized to return values from 0
to 1. Other way to look at this measure is that it computes (before
normalization) two ROC AUC values with method "expected"
for two possible ordering (f, g
, and g, f
) and takes their maximum.
Metric based methods compute "how far" two distributions are apart on the real line:
Method "wass" (short for "Wasserstein") computes a 1-Wasserstein
distance: "minimum cost of 'moving' one density into another", or "average
path density point should go while transforming from one into another". It is
computed as integral of |F - G|
(absolute difference between p-functions).
If any of f
and g
has "continuous" type, stats::integrate()
is used, so
relatively small numerical errors can happen.
Method "cramer" computes Cramer distance: integral of (F - G)^2
. This
somewhat relates to "wass" method as variance relates to first central absolute moment. Relatively small numerical errors
can happen.
Method "align" computes an absolute value of shift d
(possibly
negative) that should be added to f
to achieve both P(f+d >= g) >= 0.5
and P(f+d <= g) >= 0.5
(in other words, align f+d
and g
) as close as
reasonably possible. Solution is found numerically with stats::uniroot()
,
so relatively small numerical errors can happen. Also note that this
method is somewhat slow (compared to all others). To increase speed, use less
elements in "x_tbl" metadata. For example, with
form_retype()
or smaller n_grid
argument in as_*() functions.
Method "avgdist" computes average distance between sample values from
inputs. Basically, it is a deterministically computed approximation of
expected value of absolute difference between random variables, or in 'pdqr'
code: summ_mean(abs(f - g))
(but computed without randomness). Computation
is done by approximating possibly present continuous pdqr-functions with
discrete ones (see description of "pdqr.approx_discrete_n_grid" option for more information) and then computing output value
directly based on two discrete pdqr-functions. Note that this method
almost never returns zero, even for identical inputs (except the case of
discrete pdqr-functions with identical one value).
Entropy based methods compute output based on entropy characteristics:
Method "entropy" computes sum of two Kullback-Leibler divergences:
KL(f, g) + KL(g, f)
, which are outputs of summ_entropy2()
with method
"relative". Notes:
If f
and g
don't have the same support, distance can be very high.
Error is thrown if f
and g
have different types (the same as in
summ_entropy2()
).
summ_separation()
for computation of optimal threshold separating
pair of distributions.
Other summary functions:
summ_center()
,
summ_classmetric()
,
summ_entropy()
,
summ_hdr()
,
summ_interval()
,
summ_moment()
,
summ_order()
,
summ_prob_true()
,
summ_pval()
,
summ_quantile()
,
summ_roc()
,
summ_separation()
,
summ_spread()
d_unif <- as_d(dunif, max = 2)
d_norm <- as_d(dnorm, mean = 1)
vapply(
c(
"KS", "totvar", "compare",
"wass", "cramer", "align", "avgdist",
"entropy"
),
function(meth) {
summ_distance(d_unif, d_norm, method = meth)
},
numeric(1)
)
#> KS totvar compare wass cramer align avgdist entropy
#> 0.1586546 0.3173092 0.0000000 0.2978750 0.0271365 0.0000000 0.9246546 5.7929318
# "Supremum" quality of "KS" distance
d_dis <- new_d(2, "discrete")
## Distance is 1, which is a limit of |F - G| at points which tend to 2 from
## left
summ_distance(d_dis, d_unif, method = "KS")
#> [1] 1


{% extends "songs/base.html" %} {% block title %} LYRICO - Delete Song {% endblock %} {% block body %}


from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
# from math import pi
from math import fabs
from random import sample
from compas.utilities import window
from compas.geometry._core import subtract_vectors
from compas.geometry._core import cross_vectors
from compas.geometry._core import dot_vectors
from compas.geometry._core import normalize_vector
from compas.geometry._core import distance_point_point
from compas.geometry._core import distance_point_point_xy
from compas.geometry._core import distance_point_plane
from compas.geometry._core import distance_point_line
from compas.geometry._core import distance_point_line_xy
from compas.geometry._core import closest_point_on_segment
from compas.geometry._core import closest_point_on_segment_xy
from compas.geometry._core import area_triangle
__all__ = [
'is_ccw_xy',
'is_colinear',
'is_colinear_xy',
'is_line_line_colinear',
'is_coplanar',
'is_polygon_convex',
'is_polygon_convex_xy',
'is_point_on_plane',
'is_point_infront_plane',
'is_point_on_line',
'is_point_on_line_xy',
'is_point_on_segment',
'is_point_on_segment_xy',
'is_point_on_polyline',
'is_point_on_polyline_xy',
'is_point_in_triangle',
'is_point_in_triangle_xy',
'is_point_in_polygon_xy',
'is_point_in_convex_polygon_xy',
'is_point_in_circle',
'is_point_in_circle_xy',
'is_polygon_in_polygon_xy',
'is_intersection_line_line',
'is_intersection_line_line_xy',
'is_intersection_segment_segment',
'is_intersection_segment_segment_xy',
'is_intersection_line_triangle',
'is_intersection_line_plane',
'is_intersection_segment_plane',
'is_intersection_plane_plane',
]
[docs]def is_ccw_xy(a, b, c, colinear=False):
"""Determine if c is on the left of ab when looking from a to b,
and assuming that all points lie in the XY plane.
Parameters
----------
a : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of the base point.
b : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of the first end point.
c : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of the second end point.
colinear : bool, optional
Allow points to be colinear.
Default is ``False``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if ccw.
``False`` otherwise.
Notes
-----
For more info, see [1]_.
References
----------
.. [1] Marsh, C. *Computational Geometry in Python: From Theory to Application*.
Available at: https://www.toptal.com/python/computational-geometry-in-python-from-theory-to-implementation
Examples
--------
>>> print(is_ccw_xy([0,0,0], [0,1,0], [-1, 0, 0]))
True
>>> print(is_ccw_xy([0,0,0], [0,1,0], [+1, 0, 0]))
False
>>> print(is_ccw_xy([0,0,0], [1,0,0], [2,0,0]))
False
>>> print(is_ccw_xy([0,0,0], [1,0,0], [2,0,0], True))
True
"""
ab_x = b[0] - a[0]
ab_y = b[1] - a[1]
ac_x = c[0] - a[0]
ac_y = c[1] - a[1]
if colinear:
return ab_x * ac_y - ab_y * ac_x >= 0
return ab_x * ac_y - ab_y * ac_x > 0
[docs]def is_colinear(a, b, c, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if three points are colinear.
Parameters
----------
a : tuple, list, Point
Point 1.
b : tuple, list, Point
Point 2.
c : tuple, list, Point
Point 3.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for membership verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the points are colinear.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
return area_triangle([a, b, c]) < tol
[docs]def is_colinear_xy(a, b, c):
"""Determine if three points are colinear on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
a : tuple, list, Point
Point 1.
b : tuple, list, Point
Point 2.
c : tuple, list, Point
Point 3.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the points are colinear.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
ab_x = b[0] - a[0]
ab_y = b[1] - a[1]
ac_x = c[0] - a[0]
ac_y = c[1] - a[1]
return ab_x * ac_y == ab_y * ac_x
def is_line_line_colinear(line1, line2, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if two lines are colinear.
Parameters
----------
line1 : 2-tuple of points, Line
Line 1.
line2 : 2-tuple of points, Line
Line 2.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for colinearity verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the lines are colinear.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
a, b = line1
c, d = line2
return is_colinear(a, b, c, tol) and is_colinear(a, b, d, tol)
[docs]def is_coplanar(points, tol=0.01):
"""Determine if the points are coplanar.
Parameters
----------
points : sequence
A sequence of locations in three-dimensional space.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for planarity validation.
Default is ``0.01``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the points are coplanar.
``False`` otherwise.
Notes
-----
Compute the normal vector (cross product) of the vectors formed by the first
three points. Include one more vector at a time to compute a new normal and
compare with the original normal. If their cross product is not zero, they
are not parallel, which means the point are not in the same plane.
Four points are coplanar if the volume of the tetrahedron defined by them is
0. Coplanarity is equivalent to the statement that the pair of lines
determined by the four points are not skew, and can be equivalently stated
in vector form as (x2 - x0).[(x1 - x0) x (x3 - x2)] = 0.
"""
tol2 = tol ** 2
if len(points) == 4:
v01 = subtract_vectors(points[1], points[0])
v02 = subtract_vectors(points[2], points[0])
v23 = subtract_vectors(points[3], points[0])
res = dot_vectors(v02, cross_vectors(v01, v23))
return res**2 < tol2
# len(points) > 4
# compare length of cross product vector to tolerance
a, b, c = sample(points, 3)
u = subtract_vectors(b, a)
v = subtract_vectors(c, a)
w = cross_vectors(u, v)
for i in range(0, len(points) - 2):
u = v
v = subtract_vectors(points[i + 2], points[i + 1])
wuv = cross_vectors(w, cross_vectors(u, v))
if wuv[0]**2 > tol2 or wuv[1]**2 > tol2 or wuv[2]**2 > tol2:
return False
return True
[docs]def is_polygon_convex(polygon):
"""Determine if a polygon is convex.
Parameters
----------
polygon : sequence of sequence of floats
The XYZ coordinates of the corners of the polygon.
Notes
-----
Use this function for *spatial* polygons.
If the polygon is in a horizontal plane, use :func:`is_polygon_convex_xy` instead.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the polygon is convex.
``False`` otherwise.
See Also
--------
is_polygon_convex_xy
Examples
--------
>>> polygon = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.4, 0.4, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]]
>>> is_polygon_convex(polygon)
False
"""
a = polygon[0]
o = polygon[1]
b = polygon[2]
oa = subtract_vectors(a, o)
ob = subtract_vectors(b, o)
n0 = cross_vectors(oa, ob)
for a, o, b in window(polygon + polygon[:2], 3):
oa = subtract_vectors(a, o)
ob = subtract_vectors(b, o)
n = cross_vectors(oa, ob)
if dot_vectors(n, n0) >= 0:
continue
else:
return False
return True
[docs]def is_polygon_convex_xy(polygon, colinear=False):
"""Determine if the polygon is convex on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
polygon : list, tuple
The XY(Z) coordinates of the corners of a polygon.
The vertices are assumed to be in order.
The polygon is assumed to be closed: the first and last vertex in the sequence should not be the same.
colinear : bool
Are points allowed to be colinear?
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the polygon is convex.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
a = polygon[-2]
b = polygon[-1]
c = polygon[0]
direction = is_ccw_xy(a, b, c, colinear)
for i in range(-1, len(polygon) - 2):
a = b
b = c
c = polygon[i + 2]
if direction != is_ccw_xy(a, b, c, colinear):
return False
return True
# def is_polyhedron_convex(polyhedron):
# pass
# def is_polyhedron_positive(polyhedron):
# pass
[docs]def is_point_on_plane(point, plane, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a point lies on a plane.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XYZ coordinates.
plane : tuple
Base point and normal defining a plane.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for membership verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is in on the plane.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
return distance_point_plane(point, plane) <= tol
[docs]def is_point_infront_plane(point, plane, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a point lies in front of a plane.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XYZ coordinates.
plane : tuple
Base point and normal defining a plane.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for membership verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is in front of the plane.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
return dot_vectors(subtract_vectors(point, plane[0]), plane[1]) > tol
[docs]def is_point_on_line(point, line, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a point lies on a line.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XYZ coordinates.
line : tuple
Two points defining a line.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for membership verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is in on the line.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
return distance_point_line(point, line) <= tol
[docs]def is_point_on_line_xy(point, line, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a point lies on a line on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of a point.
line : tuple
XY(Z) coordinates of two points defining a line.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for membership verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is in on the line.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
return distance_point_line_xy(point, line) <= tol
[docs]def is_point_on_segment(point, segment, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a point lies on a given line segment.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XYZ coordinates.
segment : tuple
Two points defining the line segment.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for membership verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is on the line segment.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
a, b = segment
if not is_point_on_line(point, segment, tol=tol):
return False
d_ab = distance_point_point(a, b)
if d_ab == 0:
return False
d_pa = distance_point_point(a, point)
d_pb = distance_point_point(b, point)
if d_pa + d_pb <= d_ab + tol:
return True
return False
[docs]def is_point_on_segment_xy(point, segment, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a point lies on a given line segment on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of a point.
segment : tuple, list
XY(Z) coordinates of two points defining a segment.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for membership verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is on the line segment.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
a, b = segment
if not is_point_on_line_xy(point, segment, tol=tol):
return False
d_ab = distance_point_point_xy(a, b)
if d_ab == 0:
return False
d_pa = distance_point_point_xy(a, point)
d_pb = distance_point_point_xy(b, point)
if d_pa + d_pb <= d_ab + tol:
return True
return False
# def is_closest_point_on_segment(point, segment, tol=0.0, return_point=False):
# """Determine if the closest point on the line of a segment is on the segment.
# Parameters
# ----------
# point : sequence of float
# XYZ coordinates of the point.
# segment : tuple
# Two points defining the line segment.
# tol : float, optional
# A tolerance.
# Default is ``0.0``.
# return_point : bool, optional
# If ``True`` return the closest point.
# Default is ``False``.
# Returns
# -------
# bool, tuple
# XYZ coordinates of the point on the line.
# bool
# True if the point is in on the line, False otherwise.
# """
# a, b = segment
# v = subtract_vectors(b, a)
# d_ab = distance_point_point_sqrd(a, b)
# if d_ab == 0:
# return
# u = sum((point[i] - a[i]) * v[i] for i in range(3)) / d_ab
# c = a[0] + u * v[0], a[1] + u * v[1], a[2] + u * v[2]
# d_ac = distance_point_point_sqrd(a, c)
# d_bc = distance_point_point_sqrd(b, c)
# if d_ac + d_bc <= d_ab + tol:
# if return_point:
# return c
# return True
# return False
[docs]def is_point_on_polyline(point, polyline, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a point is on a polyline.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XYZ coordinates.
polyline : sequence of sequence of float
XYZ coordinates of the points of the polyline.
tol : float, optional
The tolerance for membership verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is on the polyline.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
for i in range(len(polyline) - 1):
a = polyline[i]
b = polyline[i + 1]
c = closest_point_on_segment(point, (a, b))
if distance_point_point(point, c) <= tol:
return True
return False
def is_point_on_polyline_xy(point, polyline, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a point is on a polyline on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates.
polyline : sequence of sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of the points of the polyline.
tol : float, optional
The tolerance for membership verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is on the polyline.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
for i in range(len(polyline) - 1):
a = polyline[i]
b = polyline[i + 1]
c = closest_point_on_segment_xy(point, (a, b))
if distance_point_point_xy(point, c) <= tol:
return True
return False
[docs]def is_point_in_triangle(point, triangle):
"""Determine if a point is in the interior of a triangle.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XYZ coordinates.
triangle : sequence of sequence of float
XYZ coordinates of the triangle corners.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is in inside the triangle.
``False`` otherwise.
Notes
-----
Should the point be on the same plane as the triangle?
See Also
--------
``is_point_in_triangle_xy``
"""
def is_on_same_side(p1, p2, segment):
a, b = segment
v = subtract_vectors(b, a)
c1 = cross_vectors(v, subtract_vectors(p1, a))
c2 = cross_vectors(v, subtract_vectors(p2, a))
if dot_vectors(c1, c2) >= 0:
return True
return False
a, b, c = triangle
if is_on_same_side(point, a, (b, c)) and \
is_on_same_side(point, b, (a, c)) and \
is_on_same_side(point, c, (a, b)):
return True
return False
[docs]def is_point_in_triangle_xy(point, triangle, colinear=False):
"""Determine if a point is in the interior of a triangle lying on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of a point.
triangle : sequence
XY(Z) coordinates of the corners of the triangle.
colinear : bool, optional
Allow points to be colinear.
Default is ``False``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is in the convex polygon.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
a, b, c = triangle
ccw = is_ccw_xy(c, a, point, colinear)
if ccw != is_ccw_xy(a, b, point, colinear):
return False
if ccw != is_ccw_xy(b, c, point, colinear):
return False
return True
[docs]def is_point_in_convex_polygon_xy(point, polygon):
"""Determine if a point is in the interior of a convex polygon lying on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of a 2D or 3D point (Z will be ignored).
polygon : sequence
A sequence of XY(Z) coordinates of 2D or 3D points
(Z will be ignored) representing the locations of the corners of a polygon.
The vertices are assumed to be in order. The polygon is assumed to be closed:
the first and last vertex in the sequence should not be the same.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is in the convex polygon
``False`` otherwise.
Warning
-------
Does not work for concave polygons.
"""
ccw = None
for i in range(-1, len(polygon) - 1):
a = polygon[i]
b = polygon[i + 1]
if ccw is None:
ccw = is_ccw_xy(a, b, point, True)
else:
if ccw != is_ccw_xy(a, b, point, True):
return False
return True
[docs]def is_point_in_polygon_xy(point, polygon):
"""Determine if a point is in the interior of a polygon lying on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of a 2D or 3D point (Z will be ignored).
polygon : sequence
A sequence of XY(Z) coordinates of 2D or 3D points (Z will be ignored)
representing the locations of the corners of a polygon.
The vertices are assumed to be in order.
The polygon is assumed to be closed.
The first and last vertex in the sequence should not be the same.
Warning
-------
A boundary check is not yet implemented. This should include a tolerance value.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point is in the polygon.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
x, y = point[0], point[1]
polygon = [(p[0], p[1]) for p in polygon] # make 2D
inside = False
for i in range(-1, len(polygon) - 1):
x1, y1 = polygon[i]
x2, y2 = polygon[i + 1]
if y > min(y1, y2):
if y <= max(y1, y2):
if x <= max(x1, x2):
if y1 != y2:
xinters = (y - y1) * (x2 - x1) / (y2 - y1) + x1
if x1 == x2 or x <= xinters:
inside = not inside
return inside
[docs]def is_point_in_circle(point, circle):
"""Determine if a point lies in a circle.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XYZ coordinates of a 3D point.
circle : tuple
center, radius, normal
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point lies in the circle.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
plane, radius = circle
if is_point_on_plane(point, plane):
return distance_point_point(point, plane[0]) <= radius
return False
[docs]def is_point_in_circle_xy(point, circle):
"""Determine if a point lies in a circle lying on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
point : sequence of float
XY(Z) coordinates of a 2D or 3D point (Z will be ignored).
circle : tuple
center, radius of the circle on the xy plane.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the point lies in the circle.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
dis = distance_point_point_xy(point, circle[0])
if dis <= circle[1]:
return True
return False
def is_polygon_in_polygon_xy(polygon1, polygon2):
"""Determine if a polygon is in the interior of another polygon on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
polygon1 : list
List of XY(Z) coordinates of 2D or 3D points
(Z will be ignored) representing the locations of the corners of the exterior polygon.
The vertices are assumed to be in order. The polygon is assumed to be closed:
the first and last vertex in the sequence should not be the same.
polygon2 : list
List of XY(Z) coordinates of 2D or 3D points
(Z will be ignored) representing the locations of the corners of the interior polygon.
The vertices are assumed to be in order. The polygon is assumed to be closed:
the first and last vertex in the sequence should not be the same.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if polygon2 is inside polygon1.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
if is_polygon_convex_xy(polygon1) and is_polygon_convex_xy(polygon2):
for pt in polygon2:
if not is_point_in_convex_polygon_xy(pt, polygon1):
return False
return True
else:
for i in range(len(polygon1)):
line = [polygon1[-i], polygon1[-i - 1]]
for j in range(len(polygon2)):
line_ = [polygon2[-j], polygon2[j - 1]]
if is_intersection_segment_segment_xy(line, line_):
return False
for pt in polygon2:
if is_point_in_polygon_xy(pt, polygon1):
return True
return False
# ==============================================================================
# intersections
# ==============================================================================
[docs]def is_intersection_line_line(l1, l2, tol=1e-6):
"""Verifies if two lines intersect.
Parameters
----------
l1 : tuple
A sequence of XYZ coordinates of two 3D points representing two points on the line.
l2 : tuple
A sequence of XYZ coordinates of two 3D points representing two points on the line.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for intersection verification. Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
--------
bool
``True``if the lines intersect in one point.
``False`` if the lines are skew, parallel or lie on top of each other.
"""
a, b = l1
c, d = l2
e1 = normalize_vector(subtract_vectors(b, a))
e2 = normalize_vector(subtract_vectors(d, c))
# check for parallel lines
if abs(dot_vectors(e1, e2)) > 1.0 - tol:
return False
# check for intersection
d_vector = cross_vectors(e1, e2)
if dot_vectors(d_vector, subtract_vectors(c, a)) == 0:
return True
return False
[docs]def is_intersection_line_line_xy(l1, l2, tol=1e-6):
"""Verifies if two lines intersect on the XY-plane.
Parameters
----------
l1 : tuple
A sequence of XYZ coordinates of two 3D points representing two points on the line.
l2 : tuple
A sequence of XYZ coordinates of two 3D points representing two points on the line.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for intersection verification. Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
--------
bool
``True``if the lines intersect in one point
``False`` if the lines are skew, parallel or lie on top of each other.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
[docs]def is_intersection_segment_segment():
raise NotImplementedError
[docs]def is_intersection_segment_segment_xy(ab, cd):
"""Determines if two segments, ab and cd, intersect.
The segments intersect if both of the following conditions are true:
* c is on the left of ab, and d is on the right, or vice versa
* d is on the left of ac, and on the right of bc, or vice versa
Parameters
----------
ab, cd : tuple
A sequence of XY(Z) coordinates of two 2D or 3D points
(Z will be ignored) representing the start and end points of a segment.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the segments intersect.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
a, b = ab
c, d = cd
return is_ccw_xy(a, c, d) != is_ccw_xy(b, c, d) and is_ccw_xy(a, b, c) != is_ccw_xy(a, b, d)
[docs]def is_intersection_line_triangle(line, triangle, tol=1e-6):
"""Verifies if a line (ray) intersects with a triangle.
Parameters
----------
line : tuple
Two points defining the line.
triangle : sequence of sequence of float
XYZ coordinates of the triangle corners.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for intersection verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the line (ray) intersects with the triangle.
``False`` otherwise.
Notes
-----
Based on the Moeller Trumbore intersection algorithm.
The line is treated as continues, directed ray and not as line segment with a start and end point
Examples
--------
>>>
"""
a, b, c = triangle
# direction vector and base point of line
v1 = subtract_vectors(line[1], line[0])
p1 = line[0]
# Find vectors for two edges sharing V1
e1 = subtract_vectors(b, a)
e2 = subtract_vectors(c, a)
# Begin calculating determinant - also used to calculate u parameter
p = cross_vectors(v1, e2)
# if determinant is near zero, ray lies in plane of triangle
det = dot_vectors(e1, p)
# NOT CULLING
if det > - tol and det < tol:
return False
inv_det = 1.0 / det
# calculate distance from V1 to ray origin
t = subtract_vectors(p1, a)
# Calculate u parameter and make_blocks bound
u = dot_vectors(t, p) * inv_det
# The intersection lies outside of the triangle
if u < 0.0 or u > 1.0:
return False
# Prepare to make_blocks v parameter
q = cross_vectors(t, e1)
# Calculate V parameter and make_blocks bound
v = dot_vectors(v1, q) * inv_det
# The intersection lies outside of the triangle
if v < 0.0 or u + v > 1.0:
return False
t = dot_vectors(e2, q) * inv_det
if t > tol:
return True
# No hit
return False
[docs]def is_intersection_line_plane(line, plane, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a line (ray) intersects with a plane.
Parameters
----------
line : tuple
Two points defining the line.
plane : tuple
The base point and normal defining the plane.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for intersection verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the line intersects with the plane.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
pt1 = line[0]
pt2 = line[1]
p_norm = plane[1]
v1 = subtract_vectors(pt2, pt1)
dot = dot_vectors(p_norm, v1)
if fabs(dot) > tol:
return True
return False
[docs]def is_intersection_segment_plane(segment, plane, tol=1e-6):
"""Determine if a line segment intersects with a plane.
Parameters
----------
segment : tuple
Two points defining the segment.
plane : tuple
The base point and normal defining the plane.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for intersection verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if the segment intersects with the plane, ``False`` otherwise.
"""
pt1 = segment[0]
pt2 = segment[1]
p_cent = plane[0]
p_norm = plane[1]
v1 = subtract_vectors(pt2, pt1)
dot = dot_vectors(p_norm, v1)
if fabs(dot) > tol:
v2 = subtract_vectors(pt1, p_cent)
fac = - dot_vectors(p_norm, v2) / dot
if fac > 0. and fac < 1.:
return True
return False
else:
return False
[docs]def is_intersection_plane_plane(plane1, plane2, tol=1e-6):
"""Verifies if two planes intersect.
Parameters
----------
plane1 : tuple
The base point and normal (normalized) defining the 1st plane.
plane2 : tuple
The base point and normal (normalized) defining the 2nd plane.
tol : float, optional
A tolerance for intersection verification.
Default is ``1e-6``.
Returns
-------
bool
``True`` if plane1 intersects with plane2.
``False`` otherwise.
"""
# check for parallelity of planes
if abs(dot_vectors(plane1[1], plane2[1])) > 1 - tol:
return False
return True
# ==============================================================================
# Main
# ==============================================================================
if __name__ == "__main__":
import doctest
doctest.testmod(globs=globals())


This demo shows how to display a BulletChart Custom element with five ranges. Additionaly, it showcases the tooltipFormatFunction callback function.


How to contribute
- If you've seen one of the movies in the database, click on that
movie to open its page.
- Rate the movie based on its racial representation. Some things
to consider:
- Was the cast overwhelmingly white?
- Were characters who are not white played by white people?
- Of the characters of color, how many were individuals who had
purposes besides being the friend/sidekick of a white person?
- Were the characters of color caricatures or stereotypes?
- In fantasy worlds, did the "evil" characters have characteristics
traditionally associated with people of color?
- To help other users find out more about your rating, please leave
a review!
- Rate the movie based on its representation of gender. Some things
to consider:
- Was the cast overwhelmingly male?
- Were women, trans, or nonbinary people portrayed stereotypically?
- Were non-cis men almost exclusively cast as "evil" or counter to the protagonist's
goal?

Is there excused victim blaming?
Why a database about diversity and positive representation?
People of color, women, people with disabilities, people in the LGBT+ community,
and people at the intersections of these identities are underrepresented,
or worse, completely misrepresented in media. Since we consume media almost
constantly, it influences our views of others around us. While this is not
necessarily a bad thing, when the media is controlled by a small subset of the
population, we only see a small portion of perspectives about different groups.
We need diverse media so that many, not few, stories are told.
This isn't to make anyone feel bad about the media you consume, just to make everyone
more aware of issues in representation in film.
More information about diversity in media


{% load staticfiles %}
Data not found for the query
Press the button below to visit Visualization page


We provide the best website that has interactive and engaging web design for your end user customers.
Our web solutions provide the best interactive website for your business needs.
We deliver the latest and finest app development solutions to businesses worldwide.
Increase your business visibility on Google's search result page with our SEO solutions.
Our company can create your e-Commerce website that can generate you more online sales.
At Vesco, we’ll help take away the hassle of keeping your website up to date with our best support.
We are driven to deliver greatness in our results with consumer needs in mind.
Our strengths include strategic approaches and optimized digital features that possess scalability with opportunities for growth. Our experiences in dealing with small scale and big scale projects has enabled us to remain focused and analytical in the digital space. Thus, we are driven by your objectives to ensure desired results are achieved.
We thank Vesco System for the wonderful job in helping us develop our program. Everyone was professional, excellent and hard working. Thanks to them, we were able to achieve our goal on time, and we look forward to continue working with them in the future.
We would like to express our satisfaction on the cooperation regarding the development of our web application. Sam and the development team did a very professional job. We are satisfied with the solution given to us and with the communication flow through the project.
We are very happy with Vesco System; very serious and consistent in their work. Scotty and his team of programmers have always been there for us all the time. This is a company I can recommend to anyone to perform any work.
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Pattern for capturing observation of a colleague, student, etc.
Pattern for capturing interaction with a video player.


--- country: India date: 2012-12-01 title: NAS Administration Tool company: Cavium companyUrl: http://www.cavium.com/ ---
Saneef worked with engineers at Cavium to develop information architecture for their NAS administration tool. He also developed visual language and designed the interfaces for the tool.


example
Class Ping.Pinger
java.lang.Object
example.Ping.Pinger
- Direct Known Subclasses:
- Ping.PingerIPv6
- Enclosing class:
- Ping
public static class Ping.Pinger
- extends java.lang.Object
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
socket
protected RawSocket socket
sendPacket
protected org.savarese.vserv.tcpip.ICMPEchoPacket sendPacket
recvPacket
protected org.savarese.vserv.tcpip.ICMPEchoPacket recvPacket
offset
protected int offset
length
protected int length
dataOffset
protected int dataOffset
requestType
protected int requestType
replyType
protected int replyType
sendData
protected byte[] sendData
recvData
protected byte[] recvData
srcAddress
protected byte[] srcAddress
sequence
protected int sequence
identifier
protected int identifier
listener
protected Ping.EchoReplyListener listener
Ping.Pinger
protected Ping.Pinger(int id,
int protocolFamily,
int protocol)
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
Ping.Pinger
public Ping.Pinger(int id)
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
computeSendChecksum
protected void computeSendChecksum(java.net.InetAddress host)
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
setEchoReplyListener
public void setEchoReplyListener(Ping.EchoReplyListener l)
close
public void close()
throws java.io.IOException
- Closes the raw socket opened by the constructor. After calling
this method, the object cannot be used.
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
sendEchoRequest
public void sendEchoRequest(java.net.InetAddress host)
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
receive
public void receive()
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
receiveEchoReply
public void receiveEchoReply()
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
ping
public long ping(java.net.InetAddress host)
throws java.io.IOException
- Issues a synchronous ping.
- Parameters:
host
- The host to ping.
- Returns:
- The round trip time in nanoseconds.
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
getRequestDataLength
public int getRequestDataLength()
- Returns:
- The number of bytes in the data portion of the ICMP ping request
packet.
getRequestPacketLength
public int getRequestPacketLength()
- Returns:
- The number of bytes in the entire IP ping request packet.
Copyright © 2004-2007 Daniel F. Savarese
Copyright © 2009 Savarese Software Research Corporation. All Rights Reserved.


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Adjusting the Scene
Step 1
Turn on the computer, connect the Scanner to the USB and Power (if needed)
and make sure everything is working. Use any Skanect-compatible 3D scanner.
Step 2
Position the patient sitting on a high surface, as illustrated below
Marking Up The Limb
Step 3
Using Cotton or Nylon Socks over the residual limb, mark up the anatomic parts
according to the Red Cross process. Make sure your mark them with the designed
colours.
- a. Outline of the patella;
- b. Middle of the patellar tendon - mark with a horizontal
line midway between the distal pole of the patella and the
superior border of the tibial tubercle;
- c. Outline the head of the fibula;
- d. Anterior border of the tibia (tibial crest);
- e. Medial border of the tibia;
- f. Outline the anterior distal end of the tibia;
- g. Outline the distal end of the fibula;
- h. The inferior border of the medial flare of the tibial condyle;
- i. The inferior border of the lateral flare of the tibial condyle;
- j. The femoral epicondyles.
In addition, marks should outline any areas of the stump that
require special treatment because of prominence, sensitivity,
or other reasons. Pay particular attention to:
- 1. The outside borders of the medial and lateral hamstring
tendons;
- 2. An unusually prominet tibial tubercle;
- 3. Adherent scars, neuromata, and any other sensitive areas;
- 4. Bone spurs.


_hine The chine of the dauphine's dress flowed in a labyrinthine pattern.[G|D] The machine was able to perform all kinds of monkeyshines, but it was especially adept at distilling high-quality moonshine.[G|D] The morphine dulled the pain, but it couldn't outshine the brilliant shine of the sun.[G|D] The shoeshine boy's whines for a tip were only answered with the wealthy man's declaration that the shoes were not thine to keep.[G|D]


Role: Lead UX & UI Designer, Front-End-Developer
Developers: Paul Murray, Amir Rosenblatt, David D'Andrea
Tools: Adobe XD, Illustrator, Sketch, Marvel, Pen & Paper
Languages: HTML, CSS, Javascript, PHP
Project Completed: Ongoing, beta can be found here.
Stratuscore is a software as as service platform that helps move 3D content creation towards being a more collaborative and community driven experience. We are building a portal for VFX artists to find a network, collaborate on projects, and facilitate client relationships. Digital Escrow is the solution to the pain points of managing a typical client relationship in the context of a project. Digital escrow allows a user to create and work on a project while knowing that payment for the work is available and ready to be released on project completion.
#0b1745
#12e896
#436ffd
#f57d78
#417AF9
#2AEAD8
#436ffd
#f57d78
One of the major paint points of a client-content creator relationship is facilitating payment for creative work. Digital Escrow is a product that hopes to solve a few of these awkward scenarios. The Digital Escrow workflow is essentially a locked promise between two players with Stratuscore as the agent and facilitator of the agreement. No project is initalized without the guarantee and stowage of payment. This is empowering to both the buyer of the content and the artist. Either party is able to set up a project, declare the value, set deadlines, and describe deliverables. No payment is released until a buyer agrees a deliverable has been met, and no assets are released until a payment has been procured. It’s a seamless and confluent answer to the clunky experience of the exchange of work for pay.
The first impression of any experience is the gateway for what the user expects, and I wanted to make the Digital Escrow project page as informative as I could without overwhelming our user with information. With our current architecture I knew I had to create a spectrum of options and solutions. We absolutely needed an MVP product and it needed to be the simplest form of our idea in order to make our swift deadline. I wanted to iterate, but I wanted the iterations to be thoughtful evolutions of eachother, to present almost a roadmap of where the product could evolve as the architecture around our platform evolves.
Stratuscore is a startup and a lean UX workflow is critical to our success. The Digital Escrow team is a slim group of three back-end developers and one designer. I came into this project with a deeper knowledge of HTML and CSS, but have since had to rapidly improve my Javascript skills on the fly. It's been an incredible challenge, but extremely rewarding. I strive for a holistic understanding of process, and gaining a deeper knowledge of development is very important.
At Stratuscore we have aggressive timelines in order to ship ASAP, gain feedback, and iterate often. Since we are a small team we can pivot very quickly, and synthesizing user feedback and acting on it is closely tied to our success.
Digital Escrow is an evolving product, currently in it's Beta form with plans on a big reveal at the Siggraph conference.


[gecode-users] Debugging branching
Malcolm Ryan
malcolmr at cse.unsw.edu.au
Wed Jan 21 08:12:31 CET 2009
On 21/01/2009, at 5:36 PM, Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist wrote:
> Hi,
>
> While I'm not sure about the exact reason for your failure (especially
> without seeing your code), it could be that you call the wrong
> Branching-constructor in your copy constructor. See the example custom
> branchings in examples/black-hole.cc and examples/queen-armies.cc for
> guidance.
Yes, I was following those examples. My code for the space is:
ConcretePlanSpace::ConcretePlanSpace(Graph *graph, int nRobots, int
maxLength) :
Space(), myPlan(this, graph, nRobots, maxLength, true) {
}
ConcretePlanSpace::ConcretePlanSpace(bool share, ConcretePlanSpace
&space) :
Space(share, space) {
myPlan.update(this, share, space.myPlan);
}
ConcretePlanSpace::~ConcretePlanSpace() {
// TODO Auto-generated destructor stub
}
Space* ConcretePlanSpace::copy (bool share) {
return new ConcretePlanSpace(share, *this);
}
CompletePlanVar& ConcretePlanSpace::getPlan() {
return myPlan;
}
>
>
> Cheers,
> Mikael
>
> On Wed, Jan 21, 2009 at 7:21 AM, Malcolm Ryan <malcolmr at cse.unsw.edu.au
> > wrote:
>> I've written a custom branching and I am trying to write some unit
>> tests to make sure it is working properly. As such, I am doing the
>> branching and propagation process step-by-step, but there is
>> something
>> wrong with my code. I have:
>>
>> ConcretePlanSpace *space = new ConcretePlanSpace(graph, 1, 10);
>> ConcretePlanBranching *branching = new (space)
>> ConcretePlanBranching(space);
>>
>> assert(space->status() == SS_BRANCH);
>>
>> const BranchingDesc* desc = space->description();
>> space->commit(desc, 0);
>>
>> assert(space->status() == SS_BRANCH);
>>
>> That much of the code works fine, but I want to create a clone of the
>> space to test out different alternatives:
>>
>> Space* copy = space->clone(false);
>> desc = copy->description();
>> copy->commit(desc, 0);
>>
>> When it gets to commit() the code fails. GDB shows:
>>
>> Program received signal EXC_BAD_ACCESS, Could not access memory.
>> Reason: KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE at address: 0x0000000b
>> 0x001d1e0b in Gecode::Space::commit (this=0xf17460, d=0x7, a=0) at
>> gecode/kernel/core.cc:330
>> 330 while ((b_commit != Branching::cast(&a_actors)) &&
>>
>> Any ideas what I am doing wrong?
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>> Malcolm
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Gecode users mailing list
>> users at gecode.org
>> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
>>
>
>
>
> --
> Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist, http://www.ict.kth.se/~zayenz/
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


THE WONDERFUL HORRIBLE LIFE OF LENI RIEFENSTAHL A film review by Guy Berliner Copyright 1994 Guy Berliner
Note: This film has also appeared in American theaters under the title, THE WONDERFUL, HORRIBLE LIFE OF LENI RIEFENSTAHL (1994). The original German title, DIE MACHT DER BILDER: LENI RIEFENSTAHL (1993)
Ray Muller has created in DIE MACHT DER BILDER: LENI RIEFENSTAHL (LENI RIEFENSTAHL: THE POWER OF THE IMAGE), a sweeping documentary on the life of the world's most famous woman film director. Leni Riefenstahl is an extraordinary and enigmatic woman by any measure. Starting as a dancer in the 1920's Weimar Republic, she was inspired by a poster for Fanck's DER BERG DES SCHICKSALS (MOUNTAIN OF DESTINY) to see the film, and became so captivated by this new genre of epic mountaineering films that she begged for a role from the director. >From this she went on to direct her own films in this genre, among them DAS BLAUE LICHT (THE BLUE LIGHT). As the Third Reich took hold over Germany in the '30's, the talented, attractive young lady director did not escape the attention of the luminaries of the new regime. As Riefenstahl watched many of her friends and colleagues in pre-Hitler German filmmaking leave the country, she stayed on, seemingly unaware of the turmoil that was to come. Muller does a good job of probing Riefenstahl's perceptions of this period. Riefenstahl viewed Hitler as just a good patriot who would bring the economy around, put Germans back to work, and follow egalitarian social policies. She completely overlooked the "master race" rhetoric, and chose to believe that that was not really a central component of Hitler's ideology. Through Muller's questioning, we see a defensive Riefenstahl, whose political naivete is convincing. But we also see a Riefenstahl who has still not come to terms with her own moral duplicity. Riefenstahl convinces us that she never liked Hitler's more odious propaganda or his vicious agenda for German supremacy. In 1934, Riefenstahl made one of the most famous propaganda films of all times, DER TRIUMPH DES WILLENS (Triumph of the Will), on the occasion of a Nazi party congress in Nuremberg. She points out correctly that this film was the only major propaganda piece she ever produced for the Nazis, and only after much resistance on her part and the personal pleading of Hitler himself. She also demonstrates that the film contained no references to race propaganda and, far from proclaiming Hitler's belligerent demands for "Lebensraum," portrays a Hitler who calls for "peace and brotherhood." She even plausibly defends herself when Muller confronts her with a telegram she wired to Hitler on the occasion of his lightning conquest of France in 1940. The telegram is filled with rapturous praise and the words, "My fuehrer, no one can equal the greatness of your deeds!" Riefenstahl, in an interview with Muller, says: "I was ecstatic because I thought this terrible war would be ended by this stroke! I just wanted peace and I thought this would bring it!"
But while Riefenstahl offers us a plausible defense when confronted with some questions, she is less willing to admit to that central human failing: ambition, and the complicity in the crimes of a murderous regime that it can lead to. Muller quotes for her extensive passages from the diaries, dated circa 1932-33, of Josef Goebbels, Hitler's propaganda minister, detailing his intimate hobnobbing with various noted German celebrities, including the attractive young Fraulein Riefenstahl. When confronted with this evidence, Riefenstahl outright denies she had anything to do with Goebbels. She says she loathed Goebbels, and made early enemies with him, and that all the quoted passages are fabrications of Goebbels' fevered imagination, or lies. These are obviously none too credible charges in light of the elaborate details Goebbels includes, and the fact that these diaries were never intended for public consumption.
Through it all, though, the central theme of Muller's film is not politics, but aesthetics. We are convinced by Riefenstahl because she is a person who is obviously too obsessed with art and aesthetic perfection to give politics much attention. As she describes DER TRIUMPH DES WILLENS, probably her most famous film, she talks mainly of the many small details which make it the artistic masterpiece that, ironically, garnered top prize at the Paris Film Festival for that year. The politics of the film are, for her, mainly an afterthought. Having been finally convinced to make the film after great reluctance, she threw herself into the task with all her creative energies. Her "triumph" in this film was in turning what was, after all, mainly a parade of talking heads, yelling, screaming, and marching--maybe exciting if you were there but not a recipe for an exciting film--into an epic drama of movement.
Her next great epic documentary, made for the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, was OLYMPIA, another international award-winning film. She describes the techniques she used to bring to life the toil of the athletes, the astounding perseverance of the runners, continuing on and on in the face of utter physical exhaustion. In the clips shown, we see some of the most powerful imagery in the history of sports. She describes how she used daring and unprecedented techniques to get these shots: the trenches she dug in the fields to get unusual angles, the reversal of the film at certain points to give the divers the extraordinary appearance of effortless flight, and so on. This is a fascinating inside look at the methods of one the great pioneers of documentary filmmaking.
Finally, we are ever amazed at the breadth of this woman who, suffering ostracism and universal scorn in the postwar era as a "collaborator," managed to pull off a second birth as world traveler, ethnographer, and underwater photographer. In the sixties, Riefenstahl took an abiding interest in the lives and art of the native peoples of the Sudan. Taking many trips and eventually spending several years living full time among the Nuba tribespeople, she captured rare archival footage of Nuba life and became acquainted first hand with these people as no European or other outsider had done before. At the age of seventy (she is now in her nineties), she got her scuba certification so she could photograph rare marine life in exotic places around the world. Probably the oldest scuba diver in the world, she had to lie about her age to get her certification! Concerned about the perils of pollution, overfishing, and environmental degradation on the world's sea life, she has joined Greenpeace.
Muller himself, appropriately enough, has made a documentary worthy of one of the world's great documentarians. This film's own striking attributes include an unforgettable opening scene which is surely one of the most discordant and dramatic to appear in a documentary.
Guy Berliner
.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
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Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Cate's EDA Journey
Reflection
Time and Habits
Technical Blog 1
Technical Blog 2
Emotional Intelligence
Design to Web
Home


[§415A-14.5] Incorporators. One or more individuals may act as the incorporator or incorporators of a professional corporation by delivering articles of incorporation to the director for filing. [L 1987, c 135, §107]


La Rochelle Player Sent Off For Horrific Eye Gouge On Sale's Tom Curry
by Gary ConnaughtonIt has been a middling Champions Cup for French teams over the first couple of weeks of the tournament, with a number of disappointing results. Clermont Auvergne, Lyon, and Montepellier have all lost games already, with La Rochelle adding another defeat to that list this afternoon.
They would fall to a 25-15 defeat in Sale with the English side coming away rather convincing winners.
La Rochelle's cause certainly was not helped by the fact they had to play all of the second half with only 14 men after Pierre Bourgarit was given his marching orders just before halftime.
The hooker performed a sickening eye gouge on World Cup star Tom Curry, leaving the referee with no choice but to produce the red card. Coach Ronan O'Gara certainly didn't seemed pleased.
The authorities are likely to come down hard on the Frenchman for this one, with any eye gouging incident being severely punished. A lot of work has been done to remove this from the sport and it has become less prevalent in recent years.
La Rochelle now look all but buried in their pool having also shipped a heavy defeat to Exeter last weekend.


"Art is man's constant effort to create for himself a different order of reality from that which is given to him."
Professor Albert Chinualumogu Achebe (16 November 1930 - 21 March 2013).
Early Years
Achebe was born Albert Chinualumogu Achebe in the Igbo village of Ogidi on 16 November 1930, to the family of Isaiah Okafo Achebe and Janet Anaenechi Iloegbunam, both of which were converts to the Protestant Church Mission Society (CMS) in Nigeria.
Isaiah Okafo Achebe and Janet Anaenechi Iloegbunam Achebe stood at a crossroads of traditional culture and Christian influence; this made a significant impact on the children, especially Chinualumogu. After the youngest daughter was born, the family moved to Isaiah Achebe's ancestral town of Ogidi, in what is now the state of Anambra Storytelling was a mainstay of the Igbo tradition and an integral part of the community. Achebe's mother and sister Zinobia Uzoma told him many stories as a child, which he repeatedly... Read More
Career
In 1948, in preparation for independence, Nigeria's first university opened Known as University College (now the University of Ibadan). Achebe was admitted as a Major Scholar in the university's first intake and given a bursary to study medicine. It was during his studies at Ibadan that Achebe began to become critical of European literature about Africa. After graduation Achebe returned to his hometown of Ogidi after his final examination at Ibadan in 1953.
He was visited by his friend, from the university, who convinced him to apply for an English teaching position at the Merchants of Light school at Oba. He worked there four (4) months. He left in 1954 to work for the Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS), he left the school and moved to... Read More
In the same year Things Fall Apart was published, Achebe was promoted at the NBS and put in charge of the network's eastern region coverage. He moved to Enugu and began to work on his administrative duties. There he met a woman named Christiana Chinwe (Christie) Okoli, who had grown up in the area and joined the NBS staff when he arrived. They first conversed when she brought to his attention a pay discrepancy; a friend of hers found that, although they had been hired simultaneously, Christie had been rated lower and offered a lower wage. Sent to the hospital for an appendectomy soon after, she was pleasantly surprised when Achebe visited her with gifts and magazines.
Their first child, a daughter named Chinelo, was born on 11 July 1962. They had a son, Ikechukwu, on 3 December 1964, and another boy named Chidi, on 24 May 1967... Read More
In 1982, Achebe retired from the University of Nigeria. He devoted more time to editing Okike and became active with the left-leaning People's Redemption Party (PRP). In 1983, he became the party's deputy national vice-president. He published a book called The Trouble with Nigeria to coincide with the upcoming elections. On the first page, Achebe says bluntly: "the Nigerian problem is the unwillingness or inability of its leaders to rise to the responsibility and to the challenge of personal example which are the hallmarks of true leadership.
He left the PRP and afterwards kept his distance from political parties, expressing his sadness at the dishonesty... Read More
Achebe has been called "the father of modern African writing", and many books and essays have been written about his work over the past fifty years. In 1992 he became the first living writer to be represented in the Everyman's Library collection published by Alfred A. Knopf. His 60th birthday was celebrated at the University of Nigeria by "an international Who's Who in African Literature". One observer noted: "Nothing like it had ever happened before in African literature anywhere on the continent.
Achebe provided a "blueprint" for African writers of succeeding generations. In 1982, he was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Kent. At the ceremony, professor Robert Gibson said... Read More


Nate is a creative technologist, technical director, and digital artist
He specializes in creating custom hardware and software systems for interactive audio visual installations, digital event activations, and live performance. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering from The University of Colorado
He creates work on with Unity3D, WebGL, TouchDesigner, Max/MSP, and others
When he's not on a computer he's exploring the mountains by ski touring or rock climbing
Nate is currently a Senior Tech Lead at Media.Monks where he oversees a swath of interactive and immersive projects from pitch to production


RT @SoManyHs: Explanation of weird `BUNDLED WITH` issue: http://bundler.io/blog/2015/06/24/version-1-10-released.html. TL;DR, update your bundler. Thanks @indirect!
6/24/2015, 10:25:44 AM
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RT @SoManyHs: Explanation of weird `BUNDLED WITH` issue: http://bundler.io/blog/2015/06/24/version-1-10-released.html. TL;DR, update your bundler. Thanks @indirect!
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黒の手番です。55 はどう動かしますか？
Unlimited
pips Black=168 White=147
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
1. Bar/5* eq:-0.016 49.76% (G:16.25% B:0.82%) 50.24% (G:17.22% B:0.89%) 2. Bar/20 23/18 7/2*(2) eq:-0.103 (-0.086) 47.00% (G:17.88% B:0.81%) 53.00% (G:18.96% B:0.96%) 3. Bar/20 23/8 eq:-0.109 (-0.093) 48.28% (G:14.40% B:0.73%) 51.72% (G:18.16% B:0.60%) 4. Bar/15 7/2*(2) eq:-0.085 (-0.069) 46.68% (G:18.58% B:1.00%) 53.32% (G:19.38% B:1.34%) 5. Bar/15 23/18(2) eq:-0.156 (-0.140) 46.82% (G:11.50% B:0.51%) 53.18% (G:16.91% B:0.43%)


Welcome back Taylor!
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KEY SKILLS
Technical background and personal qualities
STAND OUT
What makes me stand out is my broad wealth of experience in a range of different environments. Self-motivate has been key, especially when getting to grips with a fast paced practical degree like computer science. I established communication skills through PALS part time whilst at university, standing up and facilitating peer learning within a classroom environment. I’ve built relationships and learnt from the Fijian whilst volunteering abroad for GVI. Thinking through food quantities and equipment whilst working to a budget as part of the specialist team as a camp counsellor. All these skills make me a valuable candidate that I feel will offer a wealth of experience that truly aligns with the needs outlined for the graduate trainee role.
TEAMWORK
My role within a team is often mediator. A mediator is someone who get everyone involved. I try to facilitate discussion, interjecting my own thoughts when necessary. Mediator allows me to adapt to a leadership or subordinate role depending on the project, tasks, and needs of the group. This is a skill I’ve applied as Vice president of the Underwater Hockey Society and throughout my degree most recently as part of my Integrating Project module where I led five team members.
DIFFICULT SITUATION
Led five members as part of my Integrating Project module. With weekly meetings I would assign tasks, have my team feedback what they've done in regard to the project and if any problems arose how could we deal with them together. During this experience I calculated my approach to help a team member who was considering leaving university in a neutral non-judgmental manner. Employing active listening skills and asking appropriate questions to get to the root of the problem, regularly re-prioritising my schedule to support him whilst coming to a decision to withdraw from university. Throughout this issue and especially following his departure from the project I continued to motivate the team members whilst working towards passing the substantial project.
ORGANISATION
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
PROBLEM SOLVING
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
COMMUNICATION
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
PROJECTS
ABOUT ME
My personal profile.
My name is Sam Watson and I am an undergraduate interested in taking a year out as part of my degree, putting classroom theory into the real-world environment and experiencing all aspects of business. I am in my penultimate year of study with a successful background working independently and collaboratively with academics as part of the Peer Assisted Learning Scheme (PALS). PALS facilitates regular study sessions for students, by students. With an ever adapting technology industry I am constantly learning new techniques and processes putting this to practice. With three years of experience in software development for desktop and the web I've progressed from analysis to design and everything in between.
EXPERIENCE
Work experience and voluntary work
-
2010 to 2013
Maplin - Sales Advisor
- Liaised with customers in all areas of sales as part of the shop floor team.
- Utilised specialist product knowledge to build relationships with customers, aiming to sell higher priced goods.
- Worked under pressure to meet monthly targets and would reflect in quarterly reviews.
-
Working with the village youth on a construction project to create a communal kitchen environment.
- Building relationships and learning from the Fijians we were able to complete the main structure and attach the roof.
Following this we were placed in the district school.
- Appointed to a group of Fijian students that were struggling with English. Using one-to-one reading we focused on decoding and word recognition with comprehension.
-
2014 to Present
PALS Leader
- Coordinated group sessions with first year computing students to reinforce and discuss their learning.
- Produced sessions with another Leader, offering support supplementing other activities such as lectures and tutorials.
- Compiled study material alongside my partner and gauging from the students the types of subjects they felt they wanted to work on.
- Attending weekly debrief sessions where leaders discussed what had gone right/wrong for them in their sessions and how we could all collectively and individually improve.
-
Summer 2015
Camp America - Camp Counsellor
- Guardian to my overnight bunk that I shared with five 10 year old boys over the nine week camp session, including wake-up, enforcing discipline and showing compassion.
- Using imagination to create flexible lesson plans and developed skills in classroom management instructing children aged from 3 to 13.
- Clearly thinking through food quantities and equipment required whilst working to a budget as part of the specialist team, delivering 40 minute food and baking sessions to groups of 15.
Take a look at my creative food pinterest created whilst I was there…
-


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The hottest and latest posts about the Django framework.
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Romance
The upside of falling
Acting like the perfect couple isn’t easy though, especially when you barely know the other person. But with Becca still picking up the pieces from when her world was blown apart years ago and Brett just barely holding his together now, they begin to realize they have more in common than they ever could have imagined. When the line between real and pretend begins to blur, they are forced to answer the question: is this fake romance the realest thing in either of their lives? [ 3.6\5 ]Genre : Romance
All your perfects
All Your Perfects is a profound novel about a damaged couple whose potential future hinges on promises made in the past. This is a heartbreaking page-turner that asks: Can a resounding love with a perfect beginning survive a lifetime between two imperfect people? [ 4.3\5 ]


Former Brave Girls member Yejin shares why she left the group
by olmalFormer Brave Girls member Yejin revealed why she left the group during her live stream.
In the video, she says "There were a lot of reasons why I left the group but I felt my life was at stake and that ultimately triggered me to leave. When we were on our way to work, I spotted our recently hired road manager playing a mobile game on his phone while driving in the rain. I have inserted the clip here. As far as I know, he quit his job as a manager now so I hope this doesn't cause any problem. I'm just sharing my experience in hopes that others don't get harmed by managers like him. The other day he was driving with his feet up on the dashboard. We were on a high way.  The label responded with 'It's none of your business.' So my parents and I agreed to leave the group. No parents would turn a blind eye to their daughter's life being threatened at work."


APRIL 11.
EAST PYNE COURTYARD.
8-11PM.
you don't want to miss this.
Have you heard of Taiwan's famous night markets? Common throughout all of Taiwan, they attract crowds of people to their intricate alleys full of cheap and delicious food stands and shops. You can find the latest styles of clothing, cute accessories, and even glasses and phone cases for the lowest prices (if you know how to haggle.)
Join the Facebook event now!
ABOUT
FOOD & FAQ
PERFORMANCES
CLUBS & SPONSORS
How do I get in?
Entry is free! Come visit for the performances or for the food.
So how do I get food?
Glad you asked! You can get food from any booth in exchange for tickets.
OK, sounds cool—so what's a ticket?
Nothing too special, it's just a slip of paper! Maybe you ought to ask how you get tickets!
Fair enough. How do I get tickets?
Tickets will be sold at table 1 in Frist, 4/7 - 4/10 from 8 to 10 pm. You get 2 free tickets with your PUID!
Also, we will be holding a RAFFLE for a chance to win extra tickets! (And the free food that comes with it!!!) To enter, all you have to do is take a picture of yourself with your Night Market ticket(s) at the TASA table in Frist, and then upload the picture on Facebook (by posting on the event page and/or tagging Princeton TASA).
Entry is free! Come visit for the performances or for the food.
So how do I get food?
Glad you asked! You can get food from any booth in exchange for tickets.
OK, sounds cool—so what's a ticket?
Nothing too special, it's just a slip of paper! Maybe you ought to ask how you get tickets!
Fair enough. How do I get tickets?
Tickets will be sold at table 1 in Frist, 4/7 - 4/10 from 8 to 10 pm. You get 2 free tickets with your PUID!
Also, we will be holding a RAFFLE for a chance to win extra tickets! (And the free food that comes with it!!!) To enter, all you have to do is take a picture of yourself with your Night Market ticket(s) at the TASA table in Frist, and then upload the picture on Facebook (by posting on the event page and/or tagging Princeton TASA).
Enjoy performances from
diSiac
VTone
Wildcats
Bhangra
BodyHype
Songline
Lobster Club
Old Nassoul
Raks Odalisque
Tora Taiko
Triple 8
Ballet Folklorico
and Sympoh!
diSiac
VTone
Wildcats
Bhangra
BodyHype
Songline
Lobster Club
Old Nassoul
Raks Odalisque
Tora Taiko
Triple 8
Ballet Folklorico
and Sympoh!
Get ready to eat food from
TASA (of course)
CSA
JSA
KASA
CAUSA
Thaigers
BUS
VSA
MASA
AASA
SASA
Many thanks to our sponsors
Princeton in Asia
the Princeton Institute for International and Religious Studies
the Department of Electrical Engineering
the Department of East Asian Studies
the East Asian Studies Program
and Projects Board.
TASA (of course)
CSA
JSA
KASA
CAUSA
Thaigers
BUS
VSA
MASA
AASA
SASA
Many thanks to our sponsors
Princeton in Asia
the Princeton Institute for International and Religious Studies
the Department of Electrical Engineering
the Department of East Asian Studies
the East Asian Studies Program
and Projects Board.


Minimal javascript library to create and manage timers in the browser
Source code and documentation can be found in Github repository.
The MIT License (MIT)


What are cookies used for?
Cookies are used to remember browser state information, such as browsing activity and passwords. Each time a website is loaded, the browser sends the cookie back to the website to remind it of previous activity. One popular example that uses cookies is an online shopping cart, where items remain in the cart when the online store is revisited. Another popular example is login preservation, which allows a user to visit their email page without having to log in every time.
Security Implications of Cookies
If cookies aren't secured properly or stolen, they can be used by an attacker to steal information or impersonate users. If a valid user is using cookies to authenticate access to their email and an attacker steals their cookies, the attacker can then access the user's email without needing to provide login information.


Load demo file: Load & Decode Download demo file: mario.amr
Load a local file: (The file will NOT be uploaded anywhere.)
Play 0'
Start Record (The track will NOT be uploaded anywhere.)
Play the record 0'


ENEMY OF THE STATE
Reviewed by Harvey Karten, Ph.D. Touchstone Pictures Director: Tony Scott Writer: David Marconi Cast: Will Smith, Gene Hackman, Jan Voight, Barry Pepper, Regina King, Loren Dean, Jake Busey, Lisa Bonet, Gabriel Byrne, Jason Robards
Not so long ago there was a great deal of concern about security in the ATM's. Depositors were getting mugged at an alarming rate and citizens' groups were frightened. Legislation was enacted to answer their concerns. Security guards were posted and, to help deter criminals, surveillance cameras were installed in all booths. While the public were not completely mollified, few voices of innocent citizens were raised in protest. Some cities began installing similar surveillance cameras in subways, always scary places, while other cameras were located on lampposts in city streets. Not even the American Civil Liberties Union was particularly piqued.
In 1998, just about the only use of electronic gadgetry that disgusted large segments of the American people was the operation of telephone tape recorders to chronicle one silly woman's descriptions of President Clinton's peccadilloes. Yet these wires are about the simplest, most basic, most unsophisticated devices known to spies. Why are these details mentioned in a review of "Enemy of the State"? Simply because the premise around which the movie is framed is flawed. The audience wants the hero to fight a knave that all can agree is positively evil. Since the government officials who make life difficult for a nice Washington lawyer want only congressional permission to extend information-gathering technology in a country that is increasingly threatened by terrorism, the folks staring at the screen may just wonder what the commotion is about. Oh, sure, the higher-ups may engage in extra-legal tactics to get their way--such as murdering a congressman who opposed the escalation of spy gear--but aside from that, and from the fact that they are eager for a promotion, are they really the incarnate evil we love to hate?
This blemish aside, "Enemy of the State" is a top-notch, edge-of-the-seat thriller that puts actor Will Smith in his first major, starring role, and he comes across terrifically as a likable guy because he's such a human hero. He's no macho soldier of the Kurt Russell variety. To the contrary. He's befuddled a good deal of the time, especially when he is ordering lingerie in a store brimming with compliant models you'd expect to see in a Victoria's Secret catalogue. He's understandably flustered when he finds himself on candid camera more than any subject deserves to be, and chased down unmercifully by government thugs working under the orders of the spiffily-dressed apparatchik of the National Security Agency who looks remarkably like former defense secretary Robert McNamara. What makes his situation all the more pitiable is that he's carrying a computer diskette that they want and that he does not even know he has.
Since "Enemy of the State" is a collaboration between the premier action-adventure producer, Jerry Bruckheimer, and director Tony Scott, we can expect lots of fireworks, and we get all we want, almost incessantly without a breather to check our credulity meters. Director Scott, noted for such popular films as "Top Gun," manages to shoehorn a secondary plot which meets up with the main story to provide a clever, fiery finale to the proceedings. Throughout, Scott displays an impressive array of computer gadgetry that can cough up a man's vital and other statistics in seconds when government nerds feed it a picture of the hapless prey.
Establishing that attorney Robert Dean (Will Smith) dislikes organized crime's infiltration into a labor union, the action picks up when a powerful congressman (Jason Robards) who opposes legislation favored by National Security Agency official Reynolds (Jon Voight), is murdered while playing in the woods with his dog. The crime is accidentally photographed by a bird watcher, whose presence was picked up by an NSA crew of nerds. His phone is tapped, and he is chased by the officials who want to recover his digital photos. When Dean unwittingly receives the evidence, he becomes the target of the assassins. While Dean must avoid being apprehended for reasons he is not aware, he is in hot water as well for his relationship with a former girl friend, Rachel Banks (Lisa Bonet), his wife (Regina King) throwing him out without believing a word of his story. (Despite her membership in ACLU she is convinced on little evidence that her main man is guilty of adultery.)
Director Scott often puts his cameras into high gear with some awe-inspiring jump shots--including a really long shot of a satellite allegedly 154 miles in space without which little surveillance would be possible. He establishes Dean's relationship with an eccentric electronics expert, Brill (Gene Hackman), who was thrown out of Tehran after the Shah was expelled and who has since bottled himself up in a totally secure building with a stack of monitoring equipment.
Of the two big, rousing chase scenes, one is reminiscent of "Ronin," though this time the victim races from the perps on foot via the dividing line of the freeway.
Perhaps the audience would get better clues to the villainy of Reynolds' scheme to bug the country if scripter David Marconi threw in ways that the average Joe could be adversely affected. As critic Roger Ebert says in his review, an innocent bystander in the Ken Starr investigation had her tax returns audited, her neighbors and employers questioned, and her adoption of a war orphan threatened all because she testified that Kathleen Willey had asked her to lie about a meeting with President Clinton. We must go back to the Ancient Greeks for inspiration (as did the creators of "A Bug's Life.") The most important word in the vocabulary of the Athenian philosophers was "moderation." We must always seek a balance between the desires of government for more powers to control crime and the needs of the American people for privacy. "Enemy of the State" does not really give us pause to think about lofty issues like that one, nor must be require it to do so. It's a popcorn thriller with a wonderful performance by the warm-and-fuzzy Will Smith who proves that you don't need big muscles, a large piece, or even military training to be an uncommon hero.
Rated R. Running Time: 127 minutes. (C) 1998 Harvey Karten
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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Before Change
print("Simulating model for figure 4B...")
t = linspace(0, 6*3600, 6*60+1) // 6 hours
x = odesolve(model, t)
x_norm = c_[x["Bid_unbound"], x["PARP_unbound"], x["mSmac_unbound"]]
x_norm = 1 - x_norm / x_norm[0, :] // gets away without max() since first values are largest
After Change
print("Simulating model for figure 4B...")
t = linspace(0, 6*3600, 6*60+1) // 6 hours
x = ScipyOdeSimulator(model).run(tspan=t).all
x_norm = c_[x["Bid_unbound"], x["PARP_unbound"], x["mSmac_unbound"]]
x_norm = 1 - x_norm / x_norm[0, :] // gets away without max() since first values are largest


I had the great pleasure of working at Healthcare Human Factors (HHF) as a Human Factors Intern, as part of a 12-month long co-op program. During my time at HHF I was able to work on projects ranging from physical/digital interface design to patient safety systems and service design.
One project I learned the most from was working on the user interface for myUHN Patient Portal, an online website application used by thousands of patients at the University Health Network (UHN) in Toronto to view and access their personal health information online. You can check it out here.
Human Factors Design Intern
May 2018 - Nov 2018
Sketch, InVision
Albert Jin, Odelia Lee, Lauren Ip (me!)
A patient's journey through the public healthcare system in Ontario is not a simple nor very pleasant one. Plagued with delays, disorganization, and lack of communication from health care providers, the process for getting a simple lab test result back can be a major headache. For chronic patients especially, it is more than just an "inconvenience" and can hugely impact how they are able to navigate, understand, and manage their own health.
While the current patient portal solved a small part of this problem for clinical visits done at UHN, many patients also got laboratory tests done outside of UHN, and were frustrated with having to keep track of results coming from many different places. Our challenge was to expand the patient portal to accommodate for this need.
The basic intent of the new design was to allow patients to access results from other private medical laboratories across the province, in addition to UHN. Patients would be able to see all their results in one place, without having to chase each one down individually. However, we realized that this wasn't only a matter of convenience and accessibility, but also one of empowerment. We saw this as an opportunity to use the newly integrated data as a starting point for self-management, to provide patients with the tools they needed in order to feel in charge of their own healthcare. So we created an experience that would feel informative, supportive, and as transparent as possible.
I worked with 2 designers to carry out user research activities during the discovery phase, including user interviews, workshop facilitation, and data synthesis. During the design phase I worked on several key pages of the patient portal, starting from the initial wireframes to higher-fidelity mockups and visual design.
Co-design—a creative process based on the collaboration between us and our stakeholders to generate ideas and design concepts—was at the core of this project. While design decisions were grounded in insights garnered from user interviews, surveys, literature reviews and secondary data analysis, I believe that getting end users to actively participate in our design sessions was key to understanding the true needs of the project.
We held monthly interactive co-design workshops where we would review our designs with real patients, then make design changes based on the feedback received. Each workshop was an opportunity for us to test out new ideas and refine our design direction moving forward. We aimed to keep users engaged and involved in the design process as much as possible. This iterative, user-centered approach allowed us to develop the site from what would have been an informational ‘data dump’ to something much more valuable for patients.
We started off by doing some background research into current patient portals available in the market for patients to access their lab test reports and results, both private and public. We worked alongside the UHN Digital team to gather user requirements throughout the design process, and held a couple of one-on-one user interviews to get a basic understanding of what the common pain points were for patients at UHN. We asked questions like:
“What problems do you currently face when dealing with lab test results and reports?"
"What does current myUHN Portal do well, and where does it fail?"
“How would your ‘dream portal’ address some of your current challenges?"
Based on these interviews we drew up 2 personas—Robin and Alex—each with a compelling story that captured different aspects of the patient experience. Robin's journey represented patients who have had an acute illness or incident, and their experiences with point-of-care communication (i.e. interactions with clinicians) throughout. Alex's journey represented those with chronic conditions, who were more concerned with the self-management of lab test results.
We had 6-8 users and 3-4 stakeholders attend our first workshop, which was focused on understanding the context surrounding patients’ pain points. We moved through a journey mapping activity with our users, in which we encouraged them to tell us their personal stories in a "campfire storytelling" format. We drew inspiration from the handy playbook Gamestorming (by David Gray, Sunni Brown & James Macanufo) and IDEO's Design Kit to carefully craft, prepare and facilitate the activities in our workshop.
After the workshop we synthesized the research into key insights and recommendations, which outlined common concerns from our users and categorized them into several main aspects of the patient experience. This was shared with our stakeholders and used as our guiding "north star" as we moved into the first stages of design.
Our team did a ton of individual and group brainstorming, making it through several iterations before landing on a design draft that we were happy to move forward with.
In our second workshop, we thought we would try user sketching, a brainstorming activity where patients could sketch out their own ideas on paper. This way, we could see what users imagined their ideal patient portal to be in a "blue sky" scenario, and take note of elements that they thought were most important to include. We also prepared our own design to see if any of our ideas aligned with those of our users. We then did an interactive design review where we showed key aspects of our design to users and asked for feedback.
While we received great feedback from patients, we wanted to ensure that the design would hold up against the values and standards of our stakeholders. We consulted subject matter experts (SMEs), department heads/managers and patient caregivers to get expert opinion on more detailed medical aspects of the design, as well as discuss patient safety and risk considerations including:
From these focused discussions we were able to extract valuable insights and recommendations to better inform our designs from a medical point of view.
With lots of feedback, insights and recommendations to work from, we continued to iterate and refine our designs. We worked on three main pages which defined the primary user flow: 1) Results & Reports Summary, 2) Report Details, and finally 3) Result Trend. For each screen we designed for different states (e.g. empty / error / default), interactions (e.g. hover / click / transition), and edge cases, however these are not shown below.
Our last workshop focused on validating our latest design iteration, after having incorporated multiple rounds of feedback from previous meetings with SMEs as well as the last workshop.
We linked each key element of the design back to the insights and recommendations we had gathered from both patients and clinicians. We wanted to show that our design decisions were based off real data collected from our users and stakeholders.
My team continued to iterate on the design after I left the project. While I was unable to see the final implementation through to its end, I felt proud of what our design was able to accomplish while I was still there:
One of the most challenging constraints was having to work within UHN’s legacy systems and their server's inability to handle large amounts of data. With over 50,000 users registered to the UHN patient portal, some features (largely related to processing queries and storing user input) were just not possible to scale—for example, allowing patients to view their entire history of results beyond the last 24 months, or allowing users to save their own report annotations.
Because of these limitations, we were forced to think about the necessity of certain features and the impact it might have on overall patient experience. We had to explore alternative solutions to features that were deemed necessary, while keeping in mind the scalability and adaptability of our designs for future phases of the project.
At the end of my internship, I left with some key takeaways and lessons learned from this project:


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If you installed SchemaObject using setup.py install, you can upgrade by deleting the SchemaObject directory from your Python site-packages (or virtualenv) and re-installing the new version.
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#include <voxel.h>
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VX_node | root |
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void * | chunk_ptr |
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VX_block | dim_size |
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VX_format * | fmt |
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| int(* | compile )(struct VX_model *self, struct VX_model *m) |
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| int(* | dump )(struct VX_model *self, const char *file) |
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| void(* | inspect )(struct VX_model *self) |
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| VX_byte *(* | get_voxel )(struct VX_model *self, VX_uint32 x, VX_uint32 y, VX_uint32 z, int *lod) |
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| void(* | set_voxel )(struct VX_model *self, VX_uint32 x, VX_uint32 y, VX_uint32 z, VX_uint32 color) |
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| VX_uint32(* | ray_voxel )(struct VX_model *self, float *position, float *norm_vect, float *end_point, int lod) |
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| void(* | present )(struct VX_model *self, VX_camera *, VX_rect clip_rect) |
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| int(* | load )(struct VX_model *self, const char *path) |
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| void(* | free )(struct VX_model *self) |
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| void * | data |
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VX_model is general interface for implementing various models and doing raytracing on them.
Compiles model m into model self (meaning is to copy one model to other - the models can be different type).
- Parameters
-
| self | |
| m | arbitrary model to compile into self |
- Returns
- 0 on success, not 0 on fail
| int(* VX_model::dump)(struct VX_model *self, const char *file) |
Saves model self into file named file.
- Parameters
-
| self | |
| path | to file which will be created or rewritten. |
- Returns
- 0 on success, not 0 on fail
| void(* VX_model::free)(struct VX_model *self) |
Correctly frees memory allocated by model.
- Parameters
-
| VX_byte*(* VX_model::get_voxel)(struct VX_model *self, VX_uint32 x, VX_uint32 y, VX_uint32 z, int *lod) |
Obtains pointer to color of voxel placed on position <x,y,z>
- Parameters
-
| self | |
| x | |
| y | |
| z | |
| lod | input/output specifies level of detail, in some models (raw) must not be implemented, but for other models should be big enough. Output is then *lod minus (how much levels was traversed). |
- Returns
- pointer to color
| void(* VX_model::inspect)(struct VX_model *self) |
Prints some information and stats about model on the stdout
- Parameters
-
| int(* VX_model::load)(struct VX_model *self, const char *path) |
Loads model from file path.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- 0 on success, not 0 on fail
Doing raytracing for camera on model self and on area specified as clip_rect. This method may be replaced any other well implementing presenting process (For example OpenCL implementation).
- Parameters
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| self | |
| camera | |
| clip_rect | specifies area of framebuffer which should be redrawn |
| VX_uint32(* VX_model::ray_voxel)(struct VX_model *self, float *position, float *norm_vect, float *end_point, int lod) |
Doing ray trace for ray, that starts in position, with vector norm_vect and with lod limit.
- Parameters
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| self | |
| position | ray starting point |
| norm_vect | firection of ray |
| end_point | unused |
| lod | level of detail, may restrict using small voxels (quality drop occurs then) |
- Returns
- color in ARGB32 format
| void(* VX_model::set_voxel)(struct VX_model *self, VX_uint32 x, VX_uint32 y, VX_uint32 z, VX_uint32 color) |
Sets voxel at <x,y,z> with color.
- Parameters
-
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file: