The Apache Beam SDK for Python provides an extensible API that you can use to create new data sources and sinks. This tutorial shows how to create new sources and sinks using Beam’s Source and Sink API.
BoundedSource
and RangeTracker
interfaces.Sink
and Writer
classes.You’ll need to create a new source or sink if you want your pipeline to read data from (or write data to) a storage system for which the Beam SDK for Python does not provide native support.
In simple cases, you may not need to create a new source or sink. For example, if you need to read data from an SQL database using an arbitrary query, none of the advanced Source API features would benefit you. Likewise, if you’d like to write data to a third-party API via a protocol that lacks deduplication support, the Sink API wouldn’t benefit you. In such cases it makes more sense to use a ParDo
.
However, if you’d like to use advanced features such as dynamic splitting and size estimation, you should use Beam’s APIs and create a new source or sink.
Services use the classes you provide to read and/or write data using multiple worker instances in parallel. As such, the code you provide for Source
and Sink
subclasses must meet some basic requirements:
Your Source
or Sink
subclass must be serializable. The service may create multiple instances of your Source
or Sink
subclass to be sent to multiple remote workers to facilitate reading or writing in parallel. Note that the way the source and sink objects are serialized is runner specific.
Your Source
or Sink
subclass must be effectively immutable. You should only use mutable state in your Source
or Sink
subclass if you are using lazy evaluation of expensive computations that you need to implement the source.
Your code must be thread-safe. The Beam SDK for Python provides the RangeTracker
class to make this easier.
It is critical to exhaustively unit-test all of your Source
and Sink
subclasses. A minor implementation error can lead to data corruption or data loss (such as skipping or duplicating records) that can be hard to detect.
You can use test harnesses and utility methods available in the source_test_utils module to develop tests for your source.
You should create a new source if you’d like to use the advanced features that the Source API provides:
For example, if you’d like to read from a new file format that contains many records per file, or if you’d like to read from a key-value store that supports read operations in sorted key order.
To create a new data source for your pipeline, you’ll need to provide the format-specific logic that tells the service how to read data from your input source, and how to split your data source into multiple parts so that multiple worker instances can read your data in parallel.
You supply the logic for your new source by creating the following classes:
BoundedSource
, which you can find in the iobase.py module. BoundedSource
is a source that reads a finite amount of input records. The class describes the data you want to read, including the data’s location and parameters (such as how much data to read).RangeTracker
, which you can find in the iobase.py module. RangeTracker
is a thread-safe object used to manage a range for a given position type.BoundedSource
represents a finite data set from which the service reads, possibly in parallel. BoundedSource
contains a set of methods that the service uses to split the data set for reading by multiple remote workers.
To implement a BoundedSource
, your subclass must override the following methods:
estimate_size
: Services use this method to estimate the total size of your data, in bytes. This estimate is in terms of external storage size, before performing decompression or other processing.
split
: Service use this method to split your finite data into bundles of a given size.
get_range_tracker
: Services use this method to get the RangeTracker
for a given position range, and use the information to report progress and perform dynamic splitting of sources.
read
: This method returns an iterator that reads data from the source, with respect to the boundaries defined by the given RangeTracker
object.
A RangeTracker
is a thread-safe object used to manage the current range and current position of the reader of a BoundedSource
and protect concurrent access to them.
To implement a RangeTracker
, you should first familiarize yourself with the following definitions:
Position-based sources - A position-based source can be described by a range of positions of an ordered type, and the records read by the source can be described by positions of that type. For example, for a record within a file, the position can be the starting byte offset of the record. The position type for the record in this case is long
.
The main requirement for position-based sources is associativity: Reading records in position range ‘[A, B)’ and records in position range ‘[B, C)’ should give the same records as reading records in position range ‘[A, C)’, where ‘A’ <= ‘B’ <= ‘C’. This property ensures that no matter how many arbitrary sub-ranges a range of positions is split into, the total set of records they describe stays the same.
The other important property is how the source’s range relates to positions of records in the source. In many sources each record can be identified by a unique starting position. In this case:
Such sources should define “read ‘[A, B)’” as “read from the first record starting at or after ‘A’, up to but not including the first record starting at or after ‘B’”.
Some examples of such sources include reading lines or CSV from a text file, reading keys and values from a database, etc.
The concept of split points allows to extend the definitions for dealing with sources where some records cannot be identified by a unique starting position.
Split points - A split point describes a record that is the first one returned when reading the range from and including position A up to infinity (i.e. [A, infinity)).
Some sources may have records that are not directly addressable. For example, imagine a file format consisting of a sequence of compressed blocks. Each block can be assigned an offset, but records within the block cannot be directly addressed without decompressing the block. Let us refer to this hypothetical format as CBF (Compressed Blocks Format).
Many such formats can still satisfy the associativity property. For example, in CBF, reading [A, B) can mean “read all the records in all blocks whose starting offset is in [A, B)”.
To support such complex formats, Beam introduces the notion of split points. A record is a split point if there exists a position A such that the record is the first one to be returned when reading the range [A, infinity). In CBF, the only split points would be the first records in each block.
Split points allow us to define the meaning of a record’s position and a source’s range in the following cases:
As a result, for any decomposition of the full range of the source into position ranges, the total set of records will be the full set of records in the source, and each record will be read exactly once.
Consumed positions - Consumed positions refer to records that have been read.
As the source is being read, and records read from it are being passed to the downstream transforms in the pipeline, we say that positions in the source are being consumed. When a reader has read a record (or promised to a caller that a record will be returned), positions up to and including the record’s start position are considered consumed.
Dynamic splitting can happen only at unconsumed positions. If the reader just returned a record at offset 42 in a file, dynamic splitting can happen only at offset 43 or beyond. Otherwise, that record could be read twice (by the current reader and the reader of the new task).
To implement a RangeTracker
, your subclass must override the following methods:
start_position
: Returns the starting position of the current range, inclusive.
stop_position
: Returns the ending position of the current range, exclusive.
try_claim
: This method is used to determine if a record at a split point is within the range. This method should modify the internal state of the RangeTracker
by updating the last-consumed position to the given starting position
of the record being read by the source. The method returns true if the given position falls within the current range.
set_current_position
: This method updates the last-consumed position to the given starting position of a record being read by a source. You can invoke this method for records that do not start at split points, and this should modify the internal state of the RangeTracker
. If the record starts at a split point, you must invoke try_claim
instead of this method.
position_at_fraction
: Given a fraction within the range [0.0, 1.0), this method will return the position at the given fraction compared to the position range [self.start_position
, self.stop_position
).
try_split
: This method attempts to split the current range into two parts around a suggested position. It is allowed to split at a different position, but in most cases it will split at the suggested position.
This method splits the current range [self.start_position
, self.stop_position
) into a “primary” part [self.start_position
, split_position
), and a “residual” part [split_position
, self.stop_position
), assuming that split_position
has not been consumed yet.
If split_position
has already been consumed, the method returns None
. Otherwise, it updates the current range to be the primary and returns a tuple (split_position
, split_fraction
). split_fraction
should be the fraction of size of range [self.start_position
, split_position
) compared to the original (before split) range [self.start_position
, self.stop_position
).
fraction_consumed
: Returns the approximate fraction of consumed positions in the source.Note: Methods of class iobase.RangeTracker
may be invoked by multiple threads, hence this class must be made thread-safe, for example, by using a single lock object.
The Beam SDK for Python contains some convenient abstract base classes to help you easily create new sources.
FileBasedSource
is a framework for developing sources for new file types. You can derive your BoundedSource
class from the FileBasedSource class.
To create a source for a new file type, you need to create a sub-class of FileBasedSource
. Sub-classes of FileBasedSource
must implement the method FileBasedSource.read_records()
.
See AvroSource for an example implementation of FileBasedSource
.
The following example, CountingSource
, demonstrates an implementation of BoundedSource
and uses the SDK-provided RangeTracker
called OffsetRangeTracker
.
class CountingSource(iobase.BoundedSource):
def __init__(self, count):
self.records_read = Metrics.counter(self.__class__, 'recordsRead')
self._count = count
def estimate_size(self):
return self._count
def get_range_tracker(self, start_position, stop_position):
if start_position is None:
start_position = 0
if stop_position is None:
stop_position = self._count
return OffsetRangeTracker(start_position, stop_position)
def read(self, range_tracker):
for i in range(self._count):
if not range_tracker.try_claim(i):
return
self.records_read.inc()
yield i
def split(self, desired_bundle_size, start_position=None,
stop_position=None):
if start_position is None:
start_position = 0
if stop_position is None:
stop_position = self._count
bundle_start = start_position
while bundle_start < self._count:
bundle_stop = max(self._count, bundle_start + desired_bundle_size)
yield iobase.SourceBundle(weight=(bundle_stop - bundle_start),
source=self,
start_position=bundle_start,
stop_position=bundle_stop)
bundle_start = bundle_stop
To read data from the source in your pipeline, use the Read
transform:
with beam.Pipeline(options=PipelineOptions()) as p:
numbers = p | 'ProduceNumbers' >> beam.io.Read(CountingSource(count))
Note: When you create a source that end-users are going to use, it’s recommended that you do not expose the code for the source itself as demonstrated in the example above, but rather use a wrapping PTransform
instead. See PTransform wrappers to see how and why to avoid exposing your sources.
You should create a new sink if you’d like to use the advanced features that the Sink API provides, such as global initialization and finalization that allow the write operation to appear “atomic” (i.e. either all data is written or none is).
A sink represents a resource that can be written to using the Write
transform. A parallel write to a sink consists of three phases:
For example, if you’d like to write to a new table in a database, you should use the Sink API. In this case, the initializer will create a temporary table, the writer will write rows to it, and the finalizer will rename the table to a final location.
To create a new data sink for your pipeline, you’ll need to provide the format-specific logic that tells the sink how to write bounded data from your pipeline’s PCollection
s to an output sink. The sink writes bundles of data in parallel using multiple workers.
You supply the writing logic by creating the following classes:
A subclass of Sink
, which you can find in the iobase.py module. Sink
describes the location or resource to write to. Depending on the type of sink, your Sink
subclass may contain fields such as the path to an output directory on a filesystem or a database table name. Sink
provides three methods for performing a write operation to the sink it describes. Your subclass of Sink
must implement these three methods: initialize_write()
, open_writer()
, and finalize_write()
.
A subclass of Writer
, which you can find in the iobase.py module. Writer
writes a bundle of elements from an input PCollection
to your designated data sink. Writer
defines two methods: write()
, which writes a single record from the bundle, and close()
, which is called once at the end of writing a bundle.
Your Sink
subclass describes the location or resource to which your pipeline writes its output. This might include a file system location, the name of a database table or dataset, etc.
To implement a Sink
, your subclass must override the following methods:
initialize_write
: This method performs any necessary initialization before writing to the output location. Services call this method before writing begins. For example, you can use initialize_write
to create a temporary output directory.
open_writer
: This method enables writing a bundle of elements to the sink.
finalize_write
:This method finalizes the sink after all data is written to it. Given the result of initialization and an iterable of results from bundle writes, finalize_write
performs finalization after writing and closes the sink. This method is called after all bundle write operations are complete.
Caution: initialize_write
and finalize_write
are conceptually called once: at the beginning and end of a Write
transform. However, when you implement these methods, you must ensure that they are idempotent, as they may be called multiple times on different machines in the case of failure, retry, or for redundancy.
Your Writer
subclass implements the logic for writing a bundle of elements from a PCollection
to output location defined in your Sink
. Services may instantiate multiple instances of your Writer
in different threads on the same worker, so access to any static members or methods must be thread-safe.
To implement a Writer
, your subclass must override the following abstract methods:
write
: This method writes a value to your Sink
using the current writer.
close
: This method closes the current writer.
When the service calls Sink.open_writer
, it will pass a unique bundle ID for the records to be written. Your Writer
must use this bundle ID to ensure that its output does not interfere with that of other Writer
instances that might have been created in parallel. This is particularly important as the service may retry write operations multiple times in case of failure.
For example, if your Sink
’s output is file-based, your Writer
class might use the bundle ID as a filename suffix to ensure that your Writer
writes its records to a unique output file not used by other Writer
s. You can then have your Writer
’s close
method return that file location as part of the write result.
The Beam SDK for Python contains some convenient abstract base classes to help you create Source
and Reader
classes that work with common data storage formats, like files.
If your data source uses files, you can derive your Sink
and Writer
classes from the FileBasedSink
and FileBasedSinkWriter
classes, which can be found in the filebasedsink.py module. These classes implement code common sinks that interact with files, including:
Consider a simple key-value storage that writes a given set of key-value pairs to a set of tables. The following is the key-value storage’s API:
connect(url)
Connects to the storage and returns an access token which can be used to perform further operations.open_table(access_token, table_name)
Creates a table named ‘table_name’. Returns a table object.write_to_table(access_token, table, key, value)
Writes a key, value pair to the given table.rename_table(access_token, old_name, new_name)
Renames the table named ‘old_name’ to ‘new_name’.The following code demonstrates how to implement the Sink
class for this key-value storage.
class SimpleKVSink(iobase.Sink):
def __init__(self, url, final_table_name):
self._url = url
self._final_table_name = final_table_name
def initialize_write(self):
access_token = simplekv.connect(self._url)
return access_token
def open_writer(self, access_token, uid):
table_name = 'table' + uid
return SimpleKVWriter(access_token, table_name)
def finalize_write(self, access_token, table_names):
for i, table_name in enumerate(table_names):
simplekv.rename_table(
access_token, table_name, self._final_table_name + str(i))
The following code demonstrates how to implement the Writer
class for this key-value storage.
class SimpleKVWriter(iobase.Writer):
def __init__(self, access_token, table_name):
self._access_token = access_token
self._table_name = table_name
self._table = simplekv.open_table(access_token, table_name)
def write(self, record):
key, value = record
simplekv.write_to_table(self._access_token, self._table, key, value)
def close(self):
return self._table_name
The following code demonstrates how to write to the sink using the Write
transform.
with beam.Pipeline(options=PipelineOptions()) as p:
kvs = p | 'CreateKVs' >> beam.Create(KVs)
kvs | 'WriteToSimpleKV' >> beam.io.Write(
SimpleKVSink('http://url_to_simple_kv/', final_table_name))
Note: When you create a sink that end-users are going to use, it’s recommended that you do not expose the code for the sink itself as demonstrated in the example above, but rather use a wrapping PTransform
instead. See PTransform wrappers to see how and why to avoid exposing your sinks.
If you create a new source or sink for your own use, such as for learning purposes, you should create them as explained in the sections above and use them as demonstrated in the examples.
However, when you create a source or sink that end-users are going to use, instead of exposing the source or sink itself, you should create a wrapper PTransform
. Ideally, a source or sink should be exposed to users simply as “something that can be applied in a pipeline”, which is actually a PTransform
. That way, its implementation can be hidden and arbitrarily complex or simple.
The greatest benefit of not exposing the implementation details is that later on you will be able to add additional functionality without breaking the existing implementation for users. For example, if your users’ pipelines read from your source using beam.io.Read(...)
and you want to insert a reshard into the pipeline, all of your users would need to add the reshard themselves (using the GroupByKey
transform). To solve this, it’s recommended that you expose your source as a composite PTransform
that performs both the read operation and the reshard.
To avoid exposing your sources and sinks to end-users, it’s recommended that you use the _
prefix when creating your new source and sink classes. Then, create a wrapper PTransform
.
The following examples change the source and sink from the above sections so that they are not exposed to end-users. For the source, rename CountingSource
to _CountingSource
. Then, create the wrapper PTransform
, called ReadFromCountingSource
:
class ReadFromCountingSource(PTransform):
def __init__(self, count, **kwargs):
super(ReadFromCountingSource, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self._count = count
def expand(self, pcoll):
return pcoll | iobase.Read(_CountingSource(count))
Finally, read from the source:
p = beam.Pipeline(options=PipelineOptions())
numbers = p | 'ProduceNumbers' >> ReadFromCountingSource(count)
For the sink, rename SimpleKVSink
to _SimpleKVSink
. Then, create the wrapper PTransform
, called WriteToKVSink
:
class WriteToKVSink(PTransform):
def __init__(self, url, final_table_name, **kwargs):
super(WriteToKVSink, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self._url = url
self._final_table_name = final_table_name
def expand(self, pcoll):
return pcoll | iobase.Write(_SimpleKVSink(self._url,
self._final_table_name))
Finally, write to the sink:
with beam.Pipeline(options=PipelineOptions()) as p:
kvs = p | 'CreateKVs' >> beam.core.Create(KVs)
kvs | 'WriteToSimpleKV' >> WriteToKVSink(
'http://url_to_simple_kv/', final_table_name)


Speaking on RTÉ Radio 1, he said he should have taken more time off work to be with his wife, Kathleen Watkins, and their two daughters.
He told Ray D'Arcy: “I have great regrets. I have only brief little snatches of memories of Crona and Suzy growing up, and I regret that.
"Thank God they were girls because if they had been boys it would have been very serious.
“But, generally speaking, I regret now the amount of time I gave to this place.
"It was an awful lot of time and I should have taken time to do other things and I had the opportunity to do other things but I was dedicated to the place.
“It took time and most of my energy and a lot of hours. Now, we went away on holidays, of course, and the girls had a wonderful life growing up, of course.
"They benefited from my being their father and Kathleen being their mother.
Nonetheless, I regret that now when it’s too late that didn’t force myself to take the time off and do some of the things I would have liked to have done.
He also regretted continuing to work on his new show, Once More With Meaning, after he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer and said he should have taken time out “to nurse myself.”
He only took a week off before returning to work.
Despite those regrets, Gay revealed he also felt lucky to have been able to do what he did in his career.
He wanted to be a broadcaster from his early teenage years.
“I got what I wanted from life. I ended up being what I had wanted to be for the time I was 14 or 15 years of age.
"To how many people in the world is that given?
"That they end up doing exactly what they intended to do? I lived my dream."


DfE enquiries
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
Written statement to Parliament
Education Secretary Michael Gove's written ministerial statement on the schools financial settlement with regard to the Pupil Premium.
I can today confirm that the total funding available for the pupil premium will be £625m in 2011-12, rising each year until 2014-15 when it will be worth £2.5bn. The pupil premium, a key Coalition priority, will target extra money at pupils from deprived backgrounds - pupils we know underachieve compared to their non-deprived peers - in order to support them in reaching their potential.
In 2011-12, the pupil premium will be allocated to those pupils eligible for free school meals. We have chosen this indicator because it directly targets pupils and because the link between FSM eligibility and low attainment is strong. However, we aim from 2012-13 to extend the reach of the premium to those who have previously been on free school meals.
The level of the pupil premium will be £430 per pupil and will be the same for every deprived pupil, no matter where they live. The Coalition’s objective is to reform the underlying funding system to ensure that over time deprived children in every part of the country receive the same level of support. We will consult on how best to meet this objective.
The funding for the pupil premium is in addition to the underlying schools budget, which will be at the same cash-per-pupil level for 2011-12 as this year. This means there will be an additional £430 for every child known to be eligible for free school meals in any school from next year. This is clear additional money to help the very poorest who were let down by the last Government.
This additional funding will be passed straight to schools and because we have not ring-fenced it at school level, schools will have freedom to employ the strategies that they know will support their pupils to increase their attainment.
In allocating the pupil premium, we have also recognised that looked-after children face additional barriers to reaching their potential and so these pupils too will receive a premium of £430. The premium for looked-after children will rise in subsequent years, in line with the premium for deprived pupils.
For both looked-after children and deprived pupils in non-mainstream settings, we will pay this funding to the authority that has the responsibility of care for the child and will give local authorities additional freedoms to distribute the funding in the way they see best for the provision of support for these pupils. The pupil premium will be paid to academies and Free Schools by the YPLA.
Last week, the Prime Minister announced that we are also providing a premium for the children of armed services personnel. Service children - many of whose parents are risking their lives for their country - face unique challenges and stresses. The premium will provide extra funding to schools with service children to support the schools in meeting these needs. We expect the focus of expenditure from the premium to be on pastoral support. Today I am pleased to announce that the level of this premium will be £200 in 2011-12.
Further information about the schools funding settlement 2011-12 and pupil premium
Michael Gove’s letter to headteachers and chairs of governors - 13 December 2010
Michael Gove’s letter to local authorities - 13 December 2010
Michael Gove’s letter to academies - 13 December 2010
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
Published: 13 December 2010


KEGG pathways significantly enriched in HepG2 cells in response to TNFα (Fisher Exact P-value <0.1), the number of proteins identified in each pathway, and the Fisher p-value.


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Roland Alexander Flores Jr
Democrat
Physician, University of Colorado
Fellowship in Orthopedic and Regional Anesthesia, Texas Orthopedic Hospital - Residency in Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine - Doctor of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine - Bachelor of Arts Magna Cum Laude, Rice University
80210
I am active in state and national politics. In my personal life, I am a Democrat and support numerous state and national Democratic candidates, including fundraisers in my home. Professionally, I am non-partisan and support both Republican and Democrats who support patient safety and physician causes. I donate to several non-partisan PACs, including the PAC for the American Society of Anesthesiologists and I help organize the PACs for the Colorado Society of Anesthesiologists. These PACs support both Republican and Democratic candidates for the political office.
I am a Board Member of the Colorado Medical Board, tasked with regulating the practice of medicine in all of Colorado. In addition, I am an active member of the Colorado Society of Anesthesiologists which represents the interests of patients and physicians in Colorado and helps advocate for patient safety and the highest quality of medical care. I have previously held leadership positions within the society and currently represent Colorado anesthesiologists in the American Society of Anesthesiologists. As an expert in opioid medications and pain management, I participate in the Colorado Consortium for Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention which helps coordinate Colorado’s response to the opioid crisis.
I am an actively involved in organized medicine in Colorado, helping to represent widely different perspectives and priorities among physicians throughout the state. I currently help organize the my specialty society’s advocacy, legislative, and educational mission with an aim to be representative and inclusive to these widely different perspectives. I have helped spearhead our specialty’s involvement in the opioid crisis, medication safety, and social justice missions. I represent our state society within the American Society of Anesthesiologists, making sure the interests of Colorado patients and physicians are represented within the larger mission of perioperative specialists in the United States.
I’m excited to participate in a Constitutionally mandated process, which many citizens never get the opportunity to do. My goal is to make sure the citizens of Colorado have a fair and equitable creation of legislative districts in our representative government. Finally, it would be an honor to make sure LatinX Coloradans are represented in a process that in the past has been significantly partisan and may not have appropriately represented this community.
In my role as an advocate for medicine, I frequently have to engage members of the public as well as physicians, regulators, and legislators with opposing political and policy points of view, bring them to the table, show them the facts and the data, and help them compromise and come to a consensus. A key to that process is discovering people’s common goals and facilitating solutions which help them meet these goals - at the most basic level, I listen, I ask questions, I present information and I try to create understanding between participants.
On a daily basis as a physician, scientist, and educator, I have to assimilate and analyze data to solve complex patient care problems. Reading and applying scientific studies, deciphering multi variable systems, and creating evidence based solutions is how I was trained to solve problems in medicine. This training has served me in areas of my life outside of medicine as well, and I believe that I will have prepared me well to be a commissioner.
Male


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You are P1. Select one of the buttons below by clicking on it, which determines the hidden number.


Netizens are loving this gorgeous actress's audition video for JYP
by sl278Netizens have uncovered this actress's audition video for JYP and we definitely understand why her gorgeous visuals got her the casting spot.
Actress Shin Ye Eun's audition video recently resurfaced on online internet community forums and netizens are gaping over her gorgeous visuals and pure aura.
Netizens have been commenting:
"No wonder she got scouted. Look at how pretty she is."
"There's no way anyone wouldn't have picked her because she's that pretty."
"She's so precious and pretty."
What do you think?


Hi வணக்கம் ! I am a PhD student at MIT Media Lab, where I work in the MIT Center for Constructive Communication (formerly Laboratory of Social Machines) group with Deb Roy. My research interests lie at the intersection of Natural Language Processing and Computational Social Science. Mainly, I’m interested in exploring different learning techniques to improve natural language understanding and empower AI systems to better model, characterize, understand, and reason about human behavior.
In this direction, my research has focused on developing computational approaches that: (a) embody knowledge about human social behavior to capture aspects of social cognitive processes like inferring personality traits or mental states, lifelong representation learning, narrative comprehension, etc. (b) study user behavior on social media to characterize on-going real-life phenomena like elections, political polarization, social media hate, casteist narratives, to list a few.
Recent Updates
| Mar, 2021 | New submission on modeling narrative structures in short narratives. Watch out! |
|---|---|
| Feb, 2021 | Workshop paper related to an ongoing work on modeling social media narratives about caste-based news at Text2Story@ ECIR’21! |
| Feb, 2021 | Paper on Modeling Human Motives and Emotions from Narratives to appear at WWW’21! |
| Jan, 2021 | Paper on Lifelong Knowledge-Enriched Social Event Representation Learning to appear at EACL’21! |
| Dec, 2020 | Presented our work on DAPPER: Domain-adapted Persona Representation at AACL-IJCNLP’20. |


STEP: Out-of-Distribution Detection in the Presence of Limited In-distribution Labeled Data
Abstract
Existing semi-supervised learning (SSL) studies typically assume that unlabeled and test data are drawn from the same distribution as labeled data. However, in many real-world applications, it is desirable to have SSL algorithms that not only classify the samples drawn from the same distribution of labeled data but also detect out-of-distribution (OOD) samples drawn from an unknown distribution. In this paper, we study a setting called semi-supervised OOD detection. Two main challenges compared with previous OOD detection settings are i) the lack of labeled data and in-distribution data; ii) OOD samples could be unseen during training. Efforts on this direction remain limited. In this paper, we present an approach STEP significantly improving OOD detection performance by introducing a new technique: Structure-Keep Unzipping. It learns a new representation space in which OOD samples could be separated well. An efficient optimization algorithm is derived to solve the objective. Comprehensive experiments across various OOD detection benchmarks clearly show that our STEP approach outperforms other methods by a large margin and achieves remarkable detection performance on several benchmarks. . [Paper]Highlights Contributions
❃ We propose a practical setting for OOD detection, called semi-supervised OOD detection.
❃ To alleviate the problem of Mahalanobis distance that the necessary covariance matrix Σˆ is hard to be estimated with limited ID samples, we present a new distance calculated in a detection-specific space as OOD confidence scores.
❃ We evaluate our approach with comprehensive experiments across various OOD detection benchmarks. Our proposal outperforms previous methods by a large margin and achieves remarkable detection performance on several benchmarks.
Recommended Citations
If you find our work is helpful to your research, please feel free to cite us:@inproceedings{jiang2021steps, author = {Zhi Zhou and Lan Zhe Guo and Zhanzhan Cheng and Yu-Feng Li1 Shiliang Pu }, title = {STEP : Out-of-Distribution Detection in the Presence of Limited In-distribution Labeled Data}, booktitle = {NeurIPS}, year = {2021}, }


Enumeration members
CREATED
CREATED: = "draw:created"
DELETED
DELETED: = "draw:deleted"
DELETESTART
DELETESTART: = "draw:deletestart"
DELETESTOP
DELETESTOP: = "draw:deletestop"
DRAWSTART
DRAWSTART: = "draw:drawstart"
DRAWSTOP
DRAWSTOP: = "draw:drawstop"
DRAWVERTEX
DRAWVERTEX: = "draw:drawvertex"
EDITED
EDITED: = "draw:edited"
EDITMOVE
EDITMOVE: = "draw:editmove"
EDITRESIZE
EDITRESIZE: = "draw:editresize"
EDITSTART
EDITSTART: = "draw:editstart"
EDITSTOP
EDITSTOP: = "draw:editstop"
EDITVERTEX
EDITVERTEX: = "draw:editvertex"
MARKERCONTEXT
MARKERCONTEXT: = "draw:markercontext"
TOOLBARCLOSED
TOOLBARCLOSED: = "draw:toolbarclosed"
TOOLBAROPENED
TOOLBAROPENED: = "draw:toolbaropened"


| Toolbox |
| Forest 01 Events |
| Forest 02 Events |
| Caves 01 Events |
| Caves 02 Events |
| Caves 03 Events |
| Mines 01 Events |
| Mines 02 Events |
| Ruins 01 Events |
| Ruins 02 Events |
| Ruins 03 Events |
| Toolbox |
| Forest 01 Events |
| Forest 02 Events |
| Caves 01 Events |
| Caves 02 Events |
| Caves 03 Events |
| Mines 01 Events |
| Mines 02 Events |
| Ruins 01 Events |
| Ruins 02 Events |
| Ruins 03 Events |
| - | Forest 01 Event | + | x |
| Download |


This page tracks the new paper links made to my list of I3D 2007 papers.
Page maintained by Ke-Sen Huang.
If you have additions or changes, send an e-mail.
November 28 2009
- Added ACM DOI link for each paper
May 8, 2007
April 29, 2007
April 21, 2007
March 30, 2007
March 22, 2007
- Multi-grained Level of Detail Using a Hierarchical Seamless Texture Atlas (TR)
February 27, 2007
February 21, 2007
February 18, 2007
February 13, 2007
February 11, 2007
February 9, 2007
February 7, 2007
February 3, 2007
January 30, 2007
January 25, 2007
December 30, 2006
December 23, 2006
kesen.huang@gmail.com


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Is in principle an electronic component, more specifically we say that it is an integrated circuit, that is, it is an electronic piece that contains thousands or millions of transistors at the same time.
The processor or simply micro is the part of a computer designed to develop the important task of running the programs, which is why it is said to be the brain, the engine and the heart of a machine or computer.


Click here for the course supply list. Please note that if you are working from photos, you will not need a color checker.
In addition to having your supplies ready, it is also important to have your studio space ready as well. Watch this video which explains how to set up an artists' studio.
The most important part about setting up your studio is that there should be no light coming from directly behind you as you paint facing your canvas. This is where all the glare on your painting will come from. If there is a white wall behind you that has light on it or a window behind you or an open door to a bright room behind you, it will create glare on your painting. The simplest way to keep this area dark is to hang some dark fabric behind you. You could even use a thin cable or rope to hang the fabric from so you can pull it out of the way when you're not painting.
If you are in need of a good artists' easel and don't want to buy one, here is a video where I show you how to make a really nice one for very little money:
If you need a brush holder, in this video I show you how to make one at almost no cost:
If you are using Geneva Artists' Oil Color, skip this step as it already has medium in it. If you are not using Geneva paint, you will need to thin your oil tube paint down with medium before using it. Medium is a liquid artists use to make oil paint more workable and easier to paint with. Click here for the medium recipes. The medium not only gives your paint nice handling properties, but also greatly slows down the drying rate of your paint. This is really important if you want your prepared palette to remain wet and usable for a week instead of just 24 hours. Here is a video where I explain how to thin down your tube paint properly. Make note in the video that of the five colors you will use, burnt umber and titanium white are mixed a little differently than the other three.


{{#section 'head'}} {{/section}}
Hang on...
We're just crunching some numbers in a really inefficient manner


--- title: Radio Button layout: component contributors: - name: Janine Leaño github: jleano713 ---
A button, when pressed toggles some kind of action. What separates it from other buttons is that it is considered in one unit with other radio buttons to allow users to toggle exclusively on one option from a set of related and predetermined options.
Radio buttons are usually circular in appearance and are accompanied to the right with a text label describing the given option. They are often accompanied with a series of other radio buttons that have some answer to the general question of choice given to the user (ex: The question "What is your favorite color?" with the radio buttons being an assortment of different colors). When inactive, the circles are not colored in, giving it an "empty" look to suggest that it is not currently active. When active, a dot concentric to the circle or an entirely different color to the background color of an empty button "fills" the circle, indicating that it is currently chosen.
Just like with a general button, a radio button's behavior is solely dependent on whether the user has pressed/toggled it or not. This is usually done via the pointer/cursor but can also be done with keyboard inputs.
The active/inactive state of a radio button is dependent on the active/inactive state of the other related radio buttons. The active state is exclusive to one radio button at a time (i.e. two radio buttons cannot be active simultaneously).
Disabled buttons have their circle and/or corresponding text grayed out.
When accessing via keyboard inputs using the tab button, a radio button is surrounded by a dotted square or border to indicate that it is currently the one in selection.
hover
: when the pointer/cursor is within the area of the circle. Most do not display behavior during this event but some radio buttons do cast a shadow within the circle to indicate that it is currently being interacted with regardless on
whether it is clicked or not.selected
: occurs strictly when user is operating through keyboards input. Pressing the tab key scrolls through all the optional clickables and since radio buttons are grouped together they are always considered one element. To scroll through the choices of radio buttons, the user must use the directional buttons on the keyboard (up and down).click + hold
: a user can click on a radio button (pressing within the vicinity of the circle or the label) and prevent it from being toggled by dragging and releasing the cursor away from the vicinity of the cursor. This event cannot occur using keyboard inputs.click + release
: a user can press within the vicinity of the circle or the label and immediately release it to toggle the button. In the context of keyboard inputs, once a button is selected, pressing the enter key is the equivalent of clicking it with a cursor.disabled
: a disabled button provides no response when it is clicked on. Everything remains the same indicating to the user that nothing has changed. Sometimes a cancel icon takes the place of the cursor indicating that it cannot be clicked.
Pictured above is a depiction of a user picking between two radio buttons in a constant loop between inactive, click and active. As you can see buttons can be toggled if labels are clicked as well. Pictured below is a live demonstration of a radio button as developed by Bootstrap.
menu items: buttons like the picture above that bring down submenus could be considered a variation of a radio button in that only one can be toggled (to expand the submenu) once at a time. However conceptually-speaking, radio buttons focus more on status (ex: the background is red and not blue) rather than actions (ex: pressing a button to access a submenu for background color) so menu buttons are not necessarily identified as a radio button.
menu list: this variation presents itself as a list instead of circular buttons. Instead of "filling" in the circle to make a decision, the user clicks on the label itself (usually colored differently when hovered over). Another variation of this is the select box which is like the menu list but requires the user to press a separate select button in order to click their choice.
segmented control: instead of circles, they are fashioned more like tabs. This is more in the vein of actual physical radio buttons on a radio -- in that it is clear that they belong in the same group but their actions are exclusive from one another. The only fault of these is that they do not allow for much text space on the labels.
radio buttons with multiple buttons clicked simultaneously: like a regular series of radio buttons but a special case in that a user can click multiple buttons instead of just the one. It is debatable whether this fits the criteria of the radio button. The appearance is largely the same but its function (multiple instead of toggling exclusively one) is different.
All metrics are important because radio buttons appear quite universally seeing as how interaction with user and system is constant. Presenting choices are often in the form of radio buttons.
Radio buttons' metrics are entirely dependent on their aesthetics and the system's feedback to the user. So it is important that both of these are adjusted to provide the most error-free and least complicated process for the user.
click
: button should toggle upon clicking within the vicinity of the circle and the accompanying label itself.disabled
buttons should have their circles and labels be grayed out or at least a shade lighter than the default font color of a non-disabled button.hover
: some radio buttons change color upon hovering but this is redundant especially since the circle itself is small. The cursor shoulddisabled
: upon hovering, an optional but welcomed feature of accompanying a 'cancel' icon with the cursor will stress that it cannot be interacted with.click + hold
: radio buttons should have the feature of canceling out a click if the user drags their cursor away and releases it in another space to prevent mistaken clicks.click
: when clicking a button, the circle should change in color (to a darker shade) in order to reflect its transient stage between being inactive and active.Radio buttons for this platform function similarly to the typical radio button. Its marked difference from previous OSX versions is its aesthetics. As seen from the picture below, the colors for the radio buttons are flatter and brighter with less highlighting and shadow, a brighter blue and more emphasis on white.


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My name is Joshua Lunn and i'm currently 17 years old. I attend UIC College Prep., currently in the 12th Grade.


Welcome back! Today I am here to tell you all about Looping in Ruby and Javascript. At their core, they both accomplish the same tasks. The syntax can differ a bit between the two languages however. Let's consider an example. Imagine we want to write a program that prints phrase "Cool story bro." ten times. We will start by using the while loop for both programs. Check out the following codeblock...
#Ruby first
counter = 1
while counter <= 10
puts "Cool story bro."
counter += 1
end
//Javascript Next
var counter = 1
var statement = "Cool story bro."
while (counter <= 10){
console.log("Cool story bro.")
counter++
}
Now both of these will do the same exact things, but they have different ways of doing it. With Javascript, we first establish our counter. Then we establish our condition that will keep printing the statement we want. We increment our counter and then keep going until the counter hits 11. Ultimately what I described is true for Ruby as well, but the syntax is slightly different. For loops work similarly in both Ruby and Javascript as well. Take a look...
#Ruby
for num in 1..10
puts "Cool story bro."
end
//Javascript
for (var counter = 0; counter <= 10; counter++)
console.log("Cool story bro.");
Now both of these loops are very shortened versions of the while loops we saw a moment ago. That's why the for loop is used. Javascript manages to take the already short for loop from Ruby and take one line away on top of it. Javascript's for loop has three different parameters in parentheses telling the loop what to do. The first defines your counter. The second tells the loop when to stop and the third increments the counter. Aside from that, we just use a print statement. Now you see how the looping process of Javascript and Ruby really isn't that different. Well that's it for now. Tune in again next week!


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stamens
Ludwigia
octovalvis
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by
T.P.
RamamOOrthy
1980
Missouri
Botanical
Garden
u5yy.´9F!S-B9JANICAL
GARDEN
01447426
The
Cooper
Third
Caribbean
Botanical
Expedition
PLANTS
OF
DOMINICA
No.
G.
Proctor
Cooper
III
Jan.
20-March
15,
1933
m
.
%6,/93
3
01447426
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


PDF Check Result
The test carried out by the eAccessibility PDF checker are based on the WCAG 2.0 PDF Techniques.
The test carried out by the eAccessibility PDF checker are based on the WCAG 2.0 PDF Techniques.
Select a test to display the details
This test is based on the WCAG 2.0 Technique PDF2: Creating bookmarks in PDF documents
Cause:
The document does not contain bookmarks.Why this may be a barrier:
PDF documents without bookmarks are difficult to navigate because no navigation structure is presented, which would allow the user to jump directly to important parts of the document such as the beginnings of the sections.
Users of assistive technology will find it very difficult to use documents without bookmarks, especially if the documents are very long or do not have tags. All users will benefit from bookmarks that provide a consistent navigation structure.
Related WCAG 1.0 Checkpoint:
13.3 "Provide information about the general layout of a site (e.g., a site map or table of contents). [Priority 2]"
Related WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria:
2.4.5 Multiple Ways "More than one way is available to locate a Web page within a set of Web pages except where the Web Page is the result of, or a step in, a process. (Level AA)"
WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria 2.4.5
Related WCAG 2.0 Technique:
PDF2: Creating bookmarks in PDF documents
Difi guidelines for universal design of electronic documents:
Difi Veileder for universell utforming av elektroniske dokumenter
- 4.6 Overskrifter
Cause:
The document does not contain structure elements(tags).Why this may be a barrier:
Tags are used to mark the meaning and function of the elements within the document: for example change of language, position of a section in the heading structure, special elements such as forms, table, and figures.
Tags are crucial for the accessibility of a PDF document. They describe the structure of the document, but they do not influence its appearance. Tags are processed by the PDF software (including assistive technology such as screen readers). If tags are missing, important information about the structure of the document is not accessible to people with special needs.
Related WCAG 1.0 Checkpoint:
3.2 “Create documents that validate to published formal grammars. [Priority 2]”
Related WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria:
1.3.1 Info and Relationships “Information, structure, and relationships conveyed through presentation can be programmatically determined or are available in text. (Level A)”
This test is based on the WCAG 2.0 Technique PDF14: Providing running headers and footers in PDF documents
Warning! This test is still under development.
This test can not identify all instances of the described problem. In some cases a potential barrier is reported but further investigation is needed to confirm that the issue is an accessibility barrier.If you have any questions or feedback on this test, please contact usCause:
Running headers and footers are not provided or running headers and footers provided are inconsistent with the section headers.Why this may be a barrier:
Running headers and footers help make content easier to use and understandable by providing repeated information in a consistent and predictable way.
The content of headers and footers will vary widely depending on the document scope and content, the audience, and design decisions. Whether the information appears in a header or a footer is often a design decision; page numbers often appear in footers but they may alternatively appear in headers.
Consistency helps users with cognitive limitations, screen-reader users and low-vision magnifier users, and users with intellectual disabilities understand content more readily.
Related WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria:
2.4.8 Location: “Information about the user’s location within a set of web pages is available. (Level AAA)”
WCAG 2.0 Success Criterion 2.4.8
3.2.3 Consistent Navigation: “Navigational mechanisms that are repeated on multiple Web pages within a set of Web pages occur in the same relative order each time they are repeated, unless a change is initiated by the user. (Level AA)”
WCAG 2.0 Success Criterion 3.2.3
Related WCAG 2.0 Technique:
PDF14: Providing running headers and footers in PDF documents
This test is based on the WCAG 2.0 Technique PDF18: Specifying the document title using the Title entry in the document information dictionary of a PDF document
Cause:
The document does not contain a document title or the document title is emptyWhy this may be a barrier:
A document title is helpful to quickly communicate the purpose or topic of the document. When a title is not available or does not match the content, the reader may need to invest more time to determine the topic of the document and to decide whether the document contains relevant information.
Related WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria:
2.4.2 Page Titled “Web pages have titles that describe topic or purpose. (Level A)”
WCAG 2.0 Success Criterion 2.4.2
Related WCAG 2.0 Technique:
PDF18: Specifying the document title using the Title entry in the document information dictionary of a PDF document
Description:
The document contains textual content that can be presented to users who can't see the images.Why this may be a barrier:
When a paper document is converted to a PDF document, the resulting PDF is often composed of a number of images, the scans of the original pages.
If such documents are not enhanced with text content (for instance by applying OCR) the content cannot be used by search engines or assistive technology such as screen readers, since there is no text content or document structure to process. That means that blind users can not access the content of the document. Moreover, vision impaired users will encounter problems because the text can not be copied to other applications for enlarging.
Any text information contained in a scanned PDF document is unavailable for assistive technologies and for efficient automatic processing. This barrier is not limited to scanned images, images from other sources will cause the same problem.
Related WCAG 1.0 Checkpoint:
3.1 “When an appropriate markup language exists, use markup rather than images to convey information. [Priority 2]”
Related WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria:
1.4.5 Images of Text “If the technologies being used can achieve the visual presentation, text is used to convey information rather than images of text except for the following: (Level AA)”
- Customizable: The image of text can be visually customized to the user's requirements;
- Essential: A particular presentation of text is essential to the information being conveyed.
Description:
The document permissions allow assistive technology to access the PDF content.Why this may be a barrier:
Restrictive security settings prevent the access to a PDF document. If text access for screen reader devices is not allowed, blind people can not access the content of the document. If copying of text is not allowed, persons with visual impairment might encounter problems, when using other software to read the content.
Furthermore, users of older versions of PDF reading software might encounter compatibility problems with password protected documents.
Related WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria:
4.1 Compatible “Maximize compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies.”
This test is based on the WCAG 2.0 Technique PDF16: Setting the default language using the /Lang entry in the document catalog of a PDF document
Description:
The document contains a specification of the natural languageWhy this may be a barrier:
If the natural language of a document is not known, users of screen reading software such as blind people or people with reading difficulties, will encounter problems. The pronunciation of the text might be distorted for example if a Norwegian text is read with English pronunciation.
Related WCAG 1.0 Checkpoint:
4.1 “Clearly identify changes in the natural language of a document's text and any text equivalents (e.g., captions). [Priority 1]”
Related WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria:
3.1.1 Language of Page “The default human language of each Web page can be programmatically determined. (Level A)”
WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria 3.1.1
Related WCAG 2.0 Technique:
PDF16: Setting the default language using the /Lang entry in the document catalog of a PDF document
Difi guidelines for universal design of electronic documents:
- 4.5 Angi språk
- 8.8 Angi språk
This test is based on the WCAG 2.0 Technique PDF3: Ensuring correct tab and reading order in PDF documents
Warning! This test is still under development.
This test can not identify all instances of the described problem. In some cases a potential barrier is reported but further investigation is needed to confirm that the issue is an accessibility barrier.If you have any questions or feedback on this test, please contact us .Description:
The document specifies a reading order that is consistent with its logical structure.Why this may be a barrier:
For sighted users, the logical order of PDF content is also the visual order on the screen. For keyboard and assistive technology users, the tab order through content, including interactive elements (form fields and links), determines the order in which these users can navigate the content.The tab order must reflect the logical order of the document.
Logical structure is created when a document is saved as tagged PDF. The reading order of a PDF document is the tag order of document elements, including interactive elements.
If the reading order is not correct, keyboard and assistive technology users may not be able to understand the content.
Related WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria:
1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence: “When the sequence in which content is presented affects its meaning, a correct reading sequence can be programmatically determined. (Level A)”
2.1.3 Keyboard (No Exception): “All functionality of the content is operable through a keyboard interface without requiring specific timings for individual keystrokes. (Level AAA)”
2.4.3 Focus Order: “If a Web page can be navigated sequentially and the navigation sequences affect meaning or operation, focusable components receive focus in an order that preserves meaning and operability. (Level A)”
WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria 1.3.2
WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria 2.1.3
WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria 2.4.3
Related WCAG 2.0 Technique:
PDF3: Ensuring correct tab and reading order in PDF documents


WITNESS LIST State Affairs Committee April 17, 1997-1:30P SB 96 On: Lundquist, Karen (TX Ethics Commission), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Woodford, Suzy (Common Cause TX), Austin SB 371 For: Reed, Malcolm (TX Burglar & Fire Alarm), Dallas Against: James, Ronnie (TX Comm. on Fire Protec), Wichita Falls Thomas, Mark (Self), Richardson On: Alt, Gregory (Self), Houston Calagna, Anthony (TX Fire Chiefs), Houston Edwards, Deloss (Tx.Firemans & Fire Mars), Abilene Hlavaty, Patrick (St.Firemens & Fire Mars), El Campo Jenkins, Forrest (Alarm Processing Corp), Houston Matlock, Mark (Natl. Security Assn.), Houston Sullivan, Dick (St.Firemens & Fire Mars), Austin Tyra, Lester (Hous. Pro Fire Fighters), Houston Warren, Sr., Gary (TX Comm. on Fire Protec), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Bailey, Ken (TX St.Assn. of Fire Fig), Austin Bordelon, Bill (HBFAA), Houston Sanford, Gary (Sugar Creek Homes Assn), Sugarland On: Arnold, Jim (TAMUS), College Station SB 658 For: Krueger, Jeff (Denton Co.Comm. Court), Denton Leonard, Tom (Kaufman Co. Deve.Dist 1), Austin SB 765 For: Jones, Hugh (Timber Growers Assn.), Paris Scott, Dolph (Comptroller's Office), Austin On: Barron, Edwin (TX Forest Service), College Station Registering, but not testifying: For: Bennett, Richard (Temple-Inland), Diboll Bowman, Bob (Champion Internatl.Corp), Lufkin Cahal, Jr., Ross (TX Forestry Assc.), Jasper Hufford, Ron (TX Forestry Assc.), Lufkin McCauley, Roger (Self), Marshall Tucker, Durwood (TX Farm Bureau), Austin On: Hull, James (TX Forest Service), College Station SB 773 Registering, but not testifying: On: Templeton, Bob (TXDOT), Austin SB 835 On: Allan, Gail (TX Water Develop.Board), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Prestridge, Mildrid (Self), Point Blank SB 924 For: Wilcox, Floyd (Foretravel, Inc.), Nacogdoches SB 1097 For: Foster, Larry (Self ), Austin Against: Walker, Ronald (TX Assc. of Realtors), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Buck, Fred (Self), San Antonio Willcox, Fred (Self), Houston Against: Stinson, Bill (TX Assc. of Realtors), Austin SB 1171 Registering, but not testifying: For: Woodford, Suzy (Common Cause TX), Austin SB 1412 On: Lundquist, Karen (TX Ethics Commission), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Umpress, John (Public Citizen), Austin Woodford, Suzy (Common Cause TX), Austin SB 1748 Against: Ramirez, Jorge (TX Democratic Party), Austin Registering, but not testifying: On: Hanshaw-Ross, Elizabeth (Sec. of State Office), Austin


Projects
-
Algorithm trading
-
Dacon AI Bit Trader Competition Season 1
Mar 2021
-
Natural language guided dancing robot
Jun 2020
-
UNIST 10th anniversary exhibition: real-time semantic segmentation
May 2019
-
Drivable area semantic segmentation implementation
Sep 2018 - Aug 2019
-
Kaggle Competitions
- iMaterialist (Fashion) 2019 at FGVC6 Dec 2019
- Fashion item panoptic segmentation
- 29/194 (Top 15%)
- Google Analytics Customer Revenue Prediction Nov 2018
- Analyze a Google Merchandise Store Customer dataset to predict revenue per customer
- 570/3611 (Top 16%)
-
StarCraft:Broodwar AI
Apr 2016 - Feb 2017
- AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE)
- Ranked 11th place 2016
- Ranked 28th place 2017
- IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG)
- Ranked 10th place 2016
- Won 3rd place 2017
- Student StarCraft AI Tournament & Ladder (SSCAIT)
@ Comenius University in Bratislava & Czech Technical university in Prague
-
Algorithm Problem Solving
- Baekjoon Online Judge
-
Dovelet.com
© Sungguk Cha | Last update in Mar 29, 2021


10 January 2006
The Ministry of Health in China has confirmed the country’s eighth case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The patient is a six-year-old boy from the southern province of Hunan. He developed symptoms of fever and pneumonia on 24 December and is presently hospitalized in stable condition.
Chinese authorities have also reported that two cases, previously announced, have subsequently died. The deaths occurred in a 10-year-old girl from the Guangxi region, reported on 7 December, and a 35-year-old man from Jiangxi Province, reported on 16 December.
Of the eight confirmed cases in China, five have now died.
Initial investigation of the newly confirmed case has identified recent poultry deaths in the family flock as the likely source of exposure, though no poultry outbreaks have been officially reported in the area. Close contacts have been placed under medical observation and none has shown symptoms of infection to date.
This is the second confirmed case from Hunan Province. The earlier Hunan case, which was one of the first two reported in China in mid-November 2005, lived around 300 kilometres away from the present case.
In addition to Hunan, provinces and regions reporting human cases of H5N1 infection include Anhui, Guangxi, Liaoning, Jiangxi, and Fujian.


[Erowid Warning: Our understanding of the literature is that there is no such thing as safe use of volatile solvents, aerosols and other street inhalants : their psychoactive effects are inseparable from nerve and organ damage. We have chosen to include these reports to help document the real world use of inhalants, but their inclusion is not intended to imply that they are anything but dangerous.]
I`ve heard of getting high on solvents, most of the people in my school do it, but they huff on correction fluid and glue, which is nothing compared to pure cleaning solvent. So one night i stumbled upon this cleaning solvent and decided to try it. I made a device to inhale it from. It was a empty can of pringles (u know the crisps)with a hole the width of a pen low down close to the bottom. So i took the lid of it and sprayed in some solvent, and started to inhale, the device enabled me to breathe in a mixture of solvent and air. The high was like an alcohol buzz but it came on in your first hit and in a rush type feeling. It left u feeling warm, it also made me see little dots all over my vision. There wasn't much euphoria from the buzz though.
I formed a liking to the solvent high and started to do it three times a day, every day. This went on for three months, i was feeling very depressed due to all this huffing. But one night i was having a huff of the solvent, but i decided to really huff hard, i was higher than i had ever been before and the euphoria was really brilliant this time. But i started to see things, like bright spirials and zigzags. When the high wore off i became very different, i was depressed but the worst was still to come, suddenly something clicked i became deluded, i though that everyone was planing to kill me and that i am just a goverment experiment, i mean i thought the whole world was coming to get me.
After a few days of this, i decided to tell someone about this and they convinced me to see a doctor. Very soon after i was diagnosed as having 'paranoid depressive psychosis' i was sent to a mental hosiptal for 2 weeks, but i finally mangaged to fight my way out again. All this time i had no idea i was mentally ill nor that it was the solvent sniffing that caused this. But i stoped the sniffing anyhow because i knew it could kill instantly. I was put on my major anti-psychotic drugs and anti-depressants and sleeping pills.
As time went on the delusions got worse, i started seeing worms and creatures on the walls and floor and even in my food. I also saw a person that i believed to be behind this whole experiment but he dissapeared into thin air. I considered killing myself many times but i am not a selfish person so i though of the harm it would cause my family. I was extremely frightened all the time, i started carrying knives around with me.
Well 2 years later i am a little better, i know now that it was the solvent that caused the problems. I am only 16 years old and i have been through all this.  I now smoke hash which i know will not harm me. And occasionally magic mushrooms. But only when i am feeling good and not when i am depressed cause it can make u feel worse. I hope others will learn from this story that solvents might not ever harm u in any way but then again it may make u take your own life.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


In this post, we show how to process a numpy
array with native code written in C.
A self-contained example is available here.
If you prefer a more verbose explanation than going through Python code, please read on.
Introduction and motivation
The Python programming language is nowadays a de facto standard for prototyping/research in data science, computer vision, machine learning, etc.
However, writing algorithms in pure Python is computationally inefficient as it is an interpreted language.
Thus, most scientific programs written in it use libraries like numpy
to perform numeric computations.
While numpy
is a great library, some algorithms are difficult (or impossible) to express with its built-in functionalities.
Thus, for awesome performance, it might be desirable to pass an array to native code for processing.
To achieve this, we use ctypes, a foreign function library for Python.
This library provides C compatible data types and allows to wrap functions in DLLs or shared libraries in pure Python.
Let us first formulate a dummy problem through which we will illustrate all the important points.
Our dummy problem
Let A
be an array consisting of n
32-bit floating point numbers.
Our task is to find the mean value of this array, i.e.,
Using pure Python, this can be computed as:
sum=0
for i in range(0, n):
sum += A[i]
mean = sum/n
Trivial, of course.
However, it is even simpler using numpy
:
mean = numpy.mean(A)
In the next section, we express this computation in native code.
Native code for computing the mean of an array
The following C function will do the job:
float compute_mean(float* A, int n)
{
int i;
float sum = 0.0f;
for(i=0; i<n; ++i)
sum += A[i];
return sum/n;
}
If we assume that the above code is in a file lib.c
, we can compile a shared library as follows:
cc lib.c -fPIC -shared -o lib.so
The following section shows how to invoke this function from Python.
Using ctypes
to call functions from a native library
To load lib.so
as a Python object, execute the following commands:
import ctypes
lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('./lib.so')
The compute_mean
function expects a pointer to the array and the number of elements within this array as parameters.
The first parameter can be obtained with ctypes.c_void_p(A.ctypes.data)
and the second as ctypes.c_int(n)
.
Next, we indicate that we expect a float as a return value and call the desired function on our array:
lib.compute_mean.restype = ctypes.c_float
mean = lib.compute_mean(ctypes.c_void_p(A.ctypes.data), ctypes.c_int(n))
The default restype
is c_int
, so we do not have to set this flag in the case when the native function returns a C int
.
Additional remarks
A self-contained code for this tutorial is available here.
A possible pitfall of this approach is forgetting that a numpy
array can be stored in a non-continuous block of memory
(e.g., if we perform a slicing operation on a 2D array).
We can examine whether an array is contiguous by checking its C_CONTIGUOUS
flag and, if required, react accordingly:
if not A.flags['C_CONTIGUOUS']:
A = numpy.ascontiguousarray(A)


XXX
I've not had success finding a good, single source in the Internet describing agile story writing, at least not covering the details I've been thinking about lately. But there's a wealth of material stored in my colleague's heads which they've been kind enough to share with me when I pair.


8 Of The Creepiest Locales On Netflix’s ‘Dark Tourist’
8 Of The Creepiest Locales On Netflix’s ‘Dark Tourist’
By Alison Hinman Updated November 16, 2019
By Alison Hinman Updated November 16, 2019
Dark Tourist is a show on Netflix that follows David Farrier as he enters the world of “dark tourism,” which is touring places that are associated with death or tragedy. He travels all over the world and doesn’t just see the horror; he lives it. The following are 8 of the freakiest and frightening tourist attractions Farrier visited.
1. Mock Border Crossing
In the Latin America episode, Farrier embarks on a mock border crossing, complete with (fake) machine guns, abductors, and ruthless smugglers through the seemingly endless deserted no man’s land of the border. The tour holds nothing back when it comes to showing the true experience of people who are trying to cross the border. It makes you wonder what life must be like in their homes for them to be willing to go through such life-threatening terrains.
2. Aokigahara AKA Suicide Forest
Aokigahara, located in Japan, is known for the abnormal amount of suicides that are committed there. Farrier walks through the forest and feels the eerie sense that these woods have some sort of sinister power.
3. Jeffery Dahmer Tour
Farrier meets up with another dark tourist and tours the locations of Dahmer’s murders and even meets with Dahmer’s defense attorney, Wendy Patrickus, who had some interesting insight about the notorious cannibalistic killer.
4. Semipalatinsk Test Site
In the Stans episode, Farrier visits some seriously dangerous sites, but one that stands out the most is the Semipalatinsk Test Site which was the primary testing site for the Soviet Union’s nuclear weaponry. It is a desolate ghost town with radiation levels higher than Chernobyl. Just being there could cause these tourists severe or fatal radiation poisoning.
5. Famagusta
Farrier takes personal endangerment to a new level when he tries to cross guarded borders of Famagusta. After Turkey invaded this Cyprus town, they have walled it off to the public and shoots anyone who tries to enter on site. Farrier is determined to find out why.
6. Ma’nene Funeral Rite
In Indonesia, Farrier attends a funeral that you have to see to believe. The man of honor has been dead for two years, and the tribe has a custom where they dig up the dead to celebrate them annually. And that’s not even the weirdest part.
7. Suidlander Survivalist Drill
The Suidlander survivalists are a group in South Africa who truly believe the world is going to end in a race war, so they dedicate their lives to preparing for the armageddon. They allow Farrier to accompany them on an evacuation drill that is wildly structured but still goes haywire.
8. Pablo Escobar’s House
Farrier goes to Pablo Escobar’s house, rides through the streets he used to run, and even spends quality time with Popeye, one of Pablo’s trusty hitmen. He learns that America’s negative view of this drug trafficker does not match up with the townspeople who idolize him.
Related
Here’s All The Drama About McKamey Manor, The World’s ‘Most Extreme’ Haunted House
Netflix And Kill: 20 Awesome Horror Movies To Watch On Date Night
About the author
Karaoke queen and woman of extremes Follow Alison on Instagram or read more articles from Alison on Thought Catalog.
Learn more about Thought Catalog and our writers on our about page.
Dark Tourist David Farrier netflix Scary Movies Scary TV Shows
- 0


@exceptions
| Exception | Condition |
|---|---|
| ArgumentOutOfRangeException |
Index is less than zero. -or- Count is less than zero. |
| ArgumentException | Index and Count do not specify a valid range in the ArrayList. |
| InvalidOperationException | An error occurred while comparing two elements. |
There are two modules created for this example. A BAS module containing the Main method and a Class module implementing the IComparer interface.
The following is a Visual Basic Class module named MyReverserClass.
Option Explicit Implements IComparer Private mComparer As New CaseInsensitiveComparer Public Function Compare(ByRef a As Variant, ByRef b As Variant) As Long Compare = mComparer.Compare(b, a) End Function ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ' IComparer ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Private Function IComparer_Compare(a As Variant, b As Variant) As Long IComparer_Compare = Compare(a, b) End Function
The following is a Visual Basic BAS module containing Main start-up method.
Public Sub Main() Dim List As New ArrayList Dim MyComparer As New MyReverserClass List.Add "The" List.Add "QUICK" List.Add "BROWN" List.Add "FOX" List.Add "jumped" List.Add "over" List.Add "the" List.Add "lazy" List.Add "dog" Debug.Print "The ArrayList initially contains the following values:" PrintIndexAndValues List List.Sort 1, 3, Nothing Debug.Print "After sorting from index 1 to index 3 with the default comparer:" PrintIndexAndValues List List.Sort 1, 3, MyComparer Debug.Print "After sorting from index 1 to index 3 with the reverse case-insensitive comparer:" PrintIndexAndValues List End Sub Private Sub PrintIndexAndValues(ByVal List As ArrayList) Dim i As Long For i = 0 To List.Count - 1 Debug.Print CorString.Format(t("\t[{0}]:\t{1}"), i, List(i)) Next Debug.Print End Sub ' This code produces the following output (individual values may vary because they are randomly generate): ' ' The ArrayList initially contains the following values: ' [0]: The ' [1]: QUICK ' [2]: BROWN ' [3]: FOX ' [4]: jumped ' [5]: over ' [6]: the ' [7]: lazy ' [8]: dog ' ' After sorting from index 1 to index 3 with the default comparer: ' [0]: The ' [1]: BROWN ' [2]: FOX ' [3]: QUICK ' [4]: jumped ' [5]: over ' [6]: the ' [7]: lazy ' [8]: dog ' ' After sorting from index 1 to index 3 with the reverse case-insensitive comparer: ' [0]: The ' [1]: QUICK ' [2]: FOX ' [3]: BROWN ' [4]: jumped ' [5]: over ' [6]: the ' [7]: lazy ' [8]: dog


|
Spring Social Yammer | ||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
public interface MessageOperations
Sub-API for all message related operations
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
static java.lang.String |
NO_THREADING
Convenience constant not threading Will return first message of each thread and the last two messages of each thread. |
static java.lang.String |
THREADED
Convenience constant for viewing messages by thread. |
static java.lang.String |
THREADED_EXTENDED
Convenience constant for viewing messages as extended threads. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
delete(long messageId)
Deletes a message, current user must be owner |
MessageInfo |
getMessages(long olderThan,
long newerThan,
java.lang.String threadedView,
int limit)
Gets messages from the company feed, essentially all messages posted in a Yammer network |
MessageInfo |
getMessagesAboutTopic(long topicId,
long olderThan,
long newerThan,
java.lang.String threadedView,
int limit)
Gets messages on a specified topic |
MessageInfo |
getMessagesFollowing(long olderThan,
long newerThan,
java.lang.String threadedView,
int limit)
Gets messages from groups, topics and users you are following |
MessageInfo |
getMessagesFromUser(long userId,
long olderThan,
long newerThan,
java.lang.String threadedView,
int limit)
Gets the message posted by a given user |
MessageInfo |
getMessagesInThread(long threadId,
long olderThan,
long newerThan,
int limit)
Get all messages for a thread |
MessageInfo |
getMessagesLikedByUser(long userId,
long olderThan,
long newerThan,
java.lang.String threadedView,
int limit)
Gets messages liked by a specified user |
MessageInfo |
getMessagesPrivate(long olderThan,
long newerThan,
java.lang.String threadedView,
int limit)
Gets your private messages |
MessageInfo |
getMessagesReceived(long olderThan,
long newerThan,
java.lang.String threadedView,
int limit)
Gets messages you've received |
MessageInfo |
getMessagesSent(long olderThan,
long newerThan,
java.lang.String threadedView,
int limit)
Gets your sent messages |
void |
like(long messageId)
Lets the logged in user like a message |
MessageInfo |
postUpdate(java.lang.String message)
Post a textual message to your network |
MessageInfo |
postUpdate(java.lang.String message,
YammerPostDetails details)
Post an update to your network with details (ie attachments etc) |
void |
unlike(long messageId)
Unlike a message that has previously been liked by logged in user |
| Field Detail |
|---|
static final java.lang.String THREADED
static final java.lang.String THREADED_EXTENDED
static final java.lang.String NO_THREADING
| Method Detail |
|---|
MessageInfo getMessages(long olderThan, long newerThan, java.lang.String threadedView, int limit)
olderThan
- return only messages older than this message idnewerThan
- return only messages newer than this message idthreadedView
- type of threaded view or null if no threaded view is required.
Valid values are:
THREADED_EXTENDED
: return first message of thread and two most recent messages of thread,
THREADED
: returns first message of each thread,
NO_THREADING
: no threadinglimit
- the limit of number of messages returned (50 max)
THREADED
,
THREADED_EXTENDED
,
NO_THREADING
void like(long messageId)
messageId
- id to likevoid unlike(long messageId)
messageId
- id to unlikeMessageInfo getMessagesFromUser(long userId, long olderThan, long newerThan, java.lang.String threadedView, int limit)
userId
- the user id you want to see the messages forolderThan
- return only messages older than this message idnewerThan
- return only messages newer than this message idthreadedView
- type of threaded view or null if no threaded view is required.
Valid values are:
THREADED_EXTENDED
: return first message of thread and two most recent messages of thread,
THREADED
: returns first message of each thread,
NO_THREADING
: no threadinglimit
- the limit of number of messages returned (50 max)
THREADED
,
THREADED_EXTENDED
,
NO_THREADING
MessageInfo getMessagesPrivate(long olderThan, long newerThan, java.lang.String threadedView, int limit)
olderThan
- return only messages older than this message idnewerThan
- return only messages newer than this message idthreadedView
- type of threaded view or null if no threaded view is required.
Valid values are:
THREADED_EXTENDED
: return first message of thread and two most recent messages of thread,
THREADED
: returns first message of each thread,
NO_THREADING
: no threadinglimit
- the limit of number of messages returned (50 max)
THREADED
,
THREADED_EXTENDED
,
NO_THREADING
MessageInfo getMessagesSent(long olderThan, long newerThan, java.lang.String threadedView, int limit)
olderThan
- return only messages older than this message idnewerThan
- return only messages newer than this message idthreadedView
- type of threaded view or null if no threaded view is required.
Valid values are:
THREADED_EXTENDED
: return first message of thread and two most recent messages of thread,
THREADED
: returns first message of each thread,
NO_THREADING
: no threadinglimit
- the limit of number of messages returned (50 max)
THREADED
,
THREADED_EXTENDED
,
NO_THREADING
MessageInfo getMessagesFollowing(long olderThan, long newerThan, java.lang.String threadedView, int limit)
olderThan
- return only messages older than this message idnewerThan
- return only messages newer than this message idthreadedView
- type of threaded view or null if no threaded view is required.
Valid values are:
THREADED_EXTENDED
: return first message of thread and two most recent messages of thread,
THREADED
: returns first message of each thread,
NO_THREADING
: no threadinglimit
- the limit of number of messages returned (50 max)
THREADED
,
THREADED_EXTENDED
,
NO_THREADING
MessageInfo getMessagesReceived(long olderThan, long newerThan, java.lang.String threadedView, int limit)
olderThan
- return only messages older than this message idnewerThan
- return only messages newer than this message idthreadedView
- type of threaded view or null if no threaded view is required.
Valid values are:
THREADED_EXTENDED
: return first message of thread and two most recent messages of thread,
THREADED
: returns first message of each thread,
NO_THREADING
: no threadinglimit
- the limit of number of messages returned (50 max)
THREADED
,
THREADED_EXTENDED
,
NO_THREADING
MessageInfo getMessagesAboutTopic(long topicId, long olderThan, long newerThan, java.lang.String threadedView, int limit)
topicId
- the id of the topic for which you want to see messagesolderThan
- return only messages older than this message idnewerThan
- return only messages newer than this message idthreadedView
- type of threaded view or null if no threaded view is required.
Valid values are:
THREADED_EXTENDED
: return first message of thread and two most recent messages of thread,
THREADED
: returns first message of each thread,
NO_THREADING
: no threadinglimit
- the limit of number of messages returned (50 max)
THREADED
,
THREADED_EXTENDED
,
NO_THREADING
MessageInfo getMessagesLikedByUser(long userId, long olderThan, long newerThan, java.lang.String threadedView, int limit)
userId
- of the person who've liked the messagesolderThan
- return only messages older than this message idnewerThan
- return only messages newer than this message idthreadedView
- type of threaded view or null if no threaded view is required.
Valid values are:
THREADED_EXTENDED
: return first message of thread and two most recent messages of thread,
THREADED
: returns first message of each thread,
NO_THREADING
: no threadinglimit
- the limit of number of messages returned (50 max)
THREADED
,
THREADED_EXTENDED
,
NO_THREADING
MessageInfo getMessagesInThread(long threadId, long olderThan, long newerThan, int limit)
threadId
- id of the thread for which messages will be returnedolderThan
- return only messages older than this message idnewerThan
- return only messages newer than this message idlimit
- the limit of number of messages returned (50 max)
MessageInfo postUpdate(java.lang.String message, YammerPostDetails details)
message
- the text part of your messagedetails
- additional details for your message
MessageInfo postUpdate(java.lang.String message)
message
-
void delete(long messageId)
messageId
-
org.springframework.social.OperationNotPermittedException
- if the message does not exist or you are not the owner of that message
|
Spring Social Yammer | ||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


-
OsmAnd app is designed with quite a large number of default features, however, there is a possibility to add even more. There are plugins often available for free that are intended to help with specific situations. You can download a tool for better parking, winter sports locations' maps, etc. Here, we'll review some of them briefly.
Online maps
PluginOnline maps plugin allows you to put new layers of information onto your map. Choose the map source by yourself and add up to two layers to map's main view. The plugin's helpful for smaller areas if you don't need a whole map of the country.
Contour lines and Hillshade maps
PluginThis plugin allows you to see the information about heights of the terrain (contour lines) and see its visualization by enabling the hillshade. If you combine these two features, you'll get both the information in numbers and its visual representation. Regular, contour and hillshade maps are three different types of downloads.
Trip recording tool
PluginThis feature allows you to record your trip and save it as a GPX file. It uses your phone's GPS to track your movement. You can view the route you've traveled, send it to Open Street Map project or upload it to external services.
OsmAnd Ski maps
PluginThese maps are intended to help you navigate at winter sports locations. They contain the information about sports facilities, ski pistes, and even approximate track complexity.
Nautical charts
PluginJust like land Open Street Maps, Nautical charts are open-source maps. They provide you with the information about seas, rivers, harbors, etc. including sailing routes, dangerous areas, areas where it's allowed or not allowed to sail or dock, etc. They are no substitute for official nautical charts sailors are required to have on vessels, but can be a great additional tool.
Audio/video note
PluginThis plugin helps you save memories during trips and connect them to your route. Take photos, make videos? or audio notes. You can also export them to view in different software.
OSM editing
PluginWant to edit the map by yourself? Take a glance at OSM editing plugin. OsmAnd uses the maps created at Open Street Map project, a collaborative community of volunteers who make maps and update them. If you'd like to try it yourself, just enable the plugin and update the information about the points of interest at any location. For wider possibilities, please join Open Street Map.
Distance calculator & planning tool
PluginThis tool allows you to measure the distance between two or more points connected by straight lines, make and edit GPX files.
Parking
PluginIt is a plugin called to remind you of your exact parking spot and the time when your parking time runs out (optional). This is especially helpful when you travel to a new location.
OsmAnd development
PluginThis plugin allows developing and debugging. You can test voive promting, imitate locations and see rendering performance. This plugin is for developers. Go to Settings - Plugins and choose Enable.


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Contact
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Copyright © 2015 Anja Mara Sheppard and Noah Miller Johnson


{% extends 'base.html'%} {% block content %}
{{thread.description}}
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{{i.reply}}


Attach an RGB LED to the expansion connector to use as a simple product status indicator.
For best colour accuracy, adjust maximum brightness of each individual colour until the light appears neutral white.


'Maclinical' implements class prediction using both microarray data and clinical parameters. It addresses the question of the additional predictive value of microarray data. Class prediction is performed using a two-step method combining (pre-validated) PLS dimension reduction and random forests.
| Version: | 1.0-5 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.4.1), party, plsgenomics, st, e1071 |
| Published: | 2012-10-29 |
| Author: | Anne-Laure Boulesteix. |
| Maintainer: | Anne-Laure Boulesteix <boulesteix at ibe.med.uni-muenchen.de> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| URL: | http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MAclinical/index.html |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | MAclinical results |
| Reference manual: | MAclinical.pdf |
| Package source: | MAclinical_1.0-5.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: MAclinical_1.0-5.zip, r-release: MAclinical_1.0-5.zip, r-oldrel: MAclinical_1.0-5.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: MAclinical_1.0-5.tgz, r-oldrel: MAclinical_1.0-5.tgz |
| Old sources: | MAclinical archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MAclinical to link to this page.


Mr. SANDEEP KALSGONDA
Me sandeep kalasgonda student of diploma college and bug bounty hunter check out profile in hacker101 and bugcroud also website developer Front-end web develper
It might seems obvious that you need design knowledge to be a web designer, but visual design focuses on digital products, so it might be different than what you expect. In this case, design principles are what determine the look and feel of a site. They can range from proportions to typography, to grid systems, to color theory. In other words: visual design is your chance to dig into creating mood boards and type hierarchy and experimenting with web fonts and color palettes.
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gnm960/nam960 Name Lister
The gnm960/nam960 name lister is a symbol dumper: it prints the
name list (symbol table entries) of each specified object or object
library file. For libraries, a symbol table listing is produced
for each member of the library. The information listed includes,
for each symbol: value, class, type, size, line number, and section
name.
The invocation command is:
gnm960
| nam960 [ -option ]... [ file ]...
Each option must be preceded by a -
character. (On DOS, you can also use a /
character.) The options are listed below.
file specifies
the file or library to be operated on. If file
is omitted, a.out,
b.out,
and e.out
are tried, in that order.
Options
- a
Prints the debug symbols.
- d
Displays numbers in decimal.
- e
Prints only global (external) symbols.
- f
Produces full output, including .text, .data,
and .bss symbols, which are normally suppressed.
- g
Prints only global (external) symbols. This is
equivalent to the e
option.
- h
Removes header information in the listing.
- help
Displays help information.
- n
Sorts symbols alphabetically.
- o
Displays numbers in octal.
- p
Prints symbol value, type code and name in three-column
format. Each symbol name is preceded by its value (blanks if undefined)
and a letter, listed below. If the symbol is local (non-external),
the type letter is in lower case.
- U undefined
- A absolute
- T text
section symbol
- D data
section symbol
- B bss
section symbol
- C common
symbol
- O any
other section; COFF files only
- f file
name
- ? debugger
symbol table entries (see a)
- R
Sorts symbols in reverse (downward alphabetic
or numeric) order.
- r
Prepends the file or library element name to each
output line.
- s
Describes the archive symbol map data in any input
libraries.
- T
Truncates names to keep symbol names within column
widths.
- u
Prints undefined symbols only.
- V
Prints version information about gnm960 or nam960
on stdout
and proceeds in processing the rest of the options specified.
- v
Sorts by numerical value.
- v960
Prints version information about gnm960 or nam960
on stdout
and exits.
- x
Displays numbers in hexadecimal (this is the default).
Return
to the top of this page.
Go
to the ic960 Interface Index.
Go
to the gcc960 Interface Index.


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The mkmf tool exists to create a file named MAKEFILE. The
pmake
program will use this file as a sort of script, using it to determine how to compile and link the geode. However, makefiles can get rather complicated, so it is best to create them using mkmf instead of by hand.
For information about customizing this boilerplate makefile, see pmake .
The mkmf tool uses the following rules to build the makefile:
mkmf
will work with the files in this subdirectory as a unit. The module's name will be added to the CMODULES variable if it contains .c or .goc files; if it contains .asm files, then it will be added to the MODULES list. When using
pmake
, each module will be considered something that can be made, a sort of intermediate step towards making the whole geode. If you do not wish the files in a subdirectory to be incorporated in the program, create a file in the directory called NO_MKMF. This file need have no contents.


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LG UP Tool
Last updated on 01/01/2018
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1
LG Up Tool
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is a Lecturer of Economics at the University of Arizona. She understands that many students perceive the study of economics as uninteresting and disconnected to the realities of their everyday lives. But she also knows that isn’t true. She gets her students actively engaged in observing their own worlds and solving the puzzles they find there.
Acchiardo is a frequent speaker at teaching workshops across the US and Canada where she shares tips for making economics come alive for students. She has an MBA from Middlebury Institute of International Studies and a PhD from George Mason University where she was the Olofsson Weaver fellow in political economy.
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Before Change
yield self
for build in glob1(self.parent_path, "BUILD.*"):
if self.name != build and BuildFile._is_buildfile_name(build):
yield BuildFile(self.root_dir, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(self.relpath), build))
def __eq__(self, other):
result = other and (
After Change
file and optional sibling build files each with their own extension, eg: BUILD.extras.
yield self
for sibling in self.siblings():
yield sibling
def __eq__(self, other):
result = other and (
type(other) == BuildFile) and (
self.full_path == other.full_path)