8 Confounding, Paradoxes
8.1 A second look at confounding
- Confounding
- Interested in an average treatment effect.
- In context of randomized A/B, this is the difference on average between outcome under group A and outcome under group B
- More generally, the average difference between interventions.
- So we want this intervention distribution.
- The adjustment criterion tell us what variables we can control for.
- We think of these in terms of sets, because some confounders may be hidden.
- It may not be possible to control for everythings
- The adjustment formula tells us that once we have the covariate-adjustment formula, we can estimate this intervention distribution.
8.2 Monte Hall
- Describe problem
- Game show
- Choose a door
- Monte will open a door that does not have the car
- Should always pick.
- Monty Hall must open a door that does not have a car behind it
- chosen door -> door open <- location of the car (scribe create figure)
- Door opened is a collider
8.3 Berkson Paradox
- Two features seem to have no relation to each other in general, they can appear to be associated within a context
- This is the core of sampling bias
8.4 Examples of valid adjustment
8.5 Covariate adjustment: Simpson’s Paradox
You are a data scientist at a prominent tech company with paid subscription entertainment media streaming service. You come across there results of an A/B test that a rival data scientist ran. The test targeted 70K subscibers users who were coming to a subscription renewal time and were at high risk of not renewing. They were targeted with either treatment 0 - a personalized promotional offer that gave the user reduced rates on the media they consume the most, or treatment 1 - a promotional offer that gave the user reduced rates on a general set of content.
| Overall | |
|---|---|
| Treatment 0: Personalized Promotion | 77.9% (27272/35000) |
| Treatment 1: Generalized Promotion | 82.6% (28902/35000) |
This reads that 78% of the users who recieved the personalized promotion ended up renewing their subscription, while 83% of those who recieved the generalized promotion ended up renewing.
Let R be the 0 if a subscriber leaves, and 1 if a subsciber stays. In his report, the analyst quantified the effect size as:
\[ E(R | T = 0) - E(R | T = 1) = P(R = 1 | T = 0) - P(R = 1 | T = 1) \approx .779 - .826 = -0.047 \]
… where .779 and .826 are empirical estimates. So the conclusion was that the probability a subscriber stays is nearly .05 higher on the generalized promotion than on the personalized promotion.
The marketing executives took this as a no-brainer. While the effect size is small, the p-value was near 0 so these results were significant (never mind that this was simply because sample size is large, which is typically the case in tech). Users generally prefer high quality content, and high quality content generally has higher royalty costs. So personalized promotions are typically more expensive than the generalized ones, where you can mix less popular but more cost-effective content into the promotion. So if the generalized promotion is cheaper AND performs better in the test, then its clearly better choice as a policy for dealing with subscribers who at high risk of leaving… Right?
Curious, you find the SQL query that generated the data, and play around with selecting a few more columns and joining a few other tables. You notice that for these subscribes, there was also data on how happy the customers were, based on interactions with customer service. You create a new table that works in this new Z(not disgruntled/disgruntled) variable.
| Overall | Not disgruntled | Disgruntled | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment 0: Personalized Promotion | 77.9% (27272/35000) | 93.2% (8173/8769) | 73.3% (19228/26231) |
| Treatment 1: Generalized Promotion | 82.6% (28902/35000) | 86.9% (23339 / 26872) | 68.7% (5582/8128) |
Lo and behold, the conclusion is reversed within each level of Z! While generalized promotion seems favorable relative to personalized promotion in general, the personalized promotion seems to perform better within each of the non-disgruntled and disgruntled subgroups. This turns out to be an example of Simpon’s paradox.
Suppose the true underlying model has the following DAG:
…where Z is 0 for non-disgruntled, 1 if disgruntled.
Consider two SCMs \(\mathbb{C}^{do(T:=0)}\) and \(\mathbb{C}^{do(T:=0)}\) that are obtained by interventions setting \(T := 0\) and \(T := 1\). Let \(P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}\) and \(P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}\) denote the probability distributes entailed by these SCMs.
Calculate the expected difference in outcome between the two treatments using the empirical counts in the above table $ E^{T=0}(R) - E^{T=1}(R)$.
Calculate analytical the Average Treatment Effect using the empirical values in the table:
\[ \begin{align*} ATE &= E^{do(T:=0)}(R) - E^{do(T:=1)}(R)\\ &= P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}(R=1) - P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=1)}(R-1)\\ \ \\ P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}(R=1) &= \sum_{z=0}^1 P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}(R=1, Z=z) \\ &= \sum_{z=0}^1 P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}(R=1, T=0, Z=z) \\ &= \sum_{z=0}^1 P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}(R=1| T=0, Z=z) P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}(T=0, Z=z) \\ &= \sum_{z=0}^1 P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}(R=1| T=0, Z=z) P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=0)}(Z=z) \\ &= \sum_{z=0}^1 P^{\mathbb{C}}(R=1| T=0, Z=z) P^{\mathbb{C}}(Z=z) \\ &\approx .932 * 35641/70000 + .733 * 34359/70000 = .8343 \ \\ P^{\mathbb{C};do(T:=1)}(R=1) &\approx .869 * 35641/70000 + .687 * 34359/70000 = .7818 \ \\ \ \\ ATE &= .8343 - .7818 = 0.0525\\ \end{align*} \]
8.6 Front-door adjustment
- Front-door criterion: A set of variables Z is siad to satisfy the front-door criterion relative to an ordered pair of variables (X, Y) if
- Z intercepts all directed paths from X to Y
- There are no unblocked paths from X to Z
All backdoor paths from Z to Y are blocked by X
- You are a data scientist investing the effects of social media use on a purchase.
- You assume the following DAG
- Circles mean unobserved, squares mean observed
- In this model the causal effect of social media on conversions is not identifiable; one can never ascertain which portion of the observed correlation between X and Y is attributed to user context U.
- It is worth noting that there are ways of analyzing how strong that confounding effects must be in order to entirely explain the association between X and Y
- Now suppose you modify the SQL query and get an additional variable: whether or not the person was using an ad blox.
- In this case we can apply the front-door criterion.
- Assume that were query the database for a past experiment where a randomly selected sample of 800000 “whales” – tech lingo for users who generally have a high conversion rate (because of evironmental factors, like their generation or social/professional in-group).
- Assume the following tqble (blackboard)
- One person on your team argues that the table proves that social media does not drive conversions. They point to the fact that only 15% of people who converted used social media, compared to 92.25% of people who don’t use social media.
- Another member oof your team argues that social media use actual increases, not decreases, conversions.
- Their argument is as follows: If you use social media, then your chances of seeing a high level of ads is 95% (380/400) compared to 5% if you do not use social media (20/400).
- The effect of ad exposure, if we look seperately at the two groups, social media users and non-users in in the second table (blackboard).
- In social media users it increases conversion rates from 10% to 15%
- in non-social media users it increases conversion rates from 90 to 95%
- Here is how we break the stalemate with a technique called the front-door formula:
- First, we see that the effect of X on Z is identifiable because there is no backdoor path from Z to X. \(P(Z = z|do(X = x))\) = P(Z = z|X = x)
- Next, we not that the effect of Z on Y is identifiable. The backdow path from Z to Y, namely Z <- X <- U -> Y can conditioning on X. \(P(Y = y|do(Z = z)) = \sum_x P(Y = y|Z = z, X=x)P(X = x)\)
- We chain toghether these two parital effects to obtain the overall effect of X on Y.
- If nature chooses to assign Z the value z, then the probability of Y would be \(P(Y=y | do(Z = z))\).
- The probability that nature would choose to do that, given that we choose to set X to x is \(P(Z = z|do(X = x))\)
- Summing up over all the possible states z of Z we have \[ P(Y = y|do(X = x)) = \sum_Z P(Y = y |do(Z = z))P(Z =z|do(X = x)) \]
- Finally, we replace the do-expressions with their covariate adjustment counterparts. The final expression is \[P(Y = y|do(X = x)) = \sum \sum_{x'} P(Y = y|Z = z, X = x')P(X = x')P(Z = z|X = x)\]
8.7 Propensity score
- Consider the following case of confounding:
- The set {Z1, Z2, Z3} is a valid adjustment set by parent adjustment
- So we could estimate the intervention distribution using \(p^{M; do(X:=x)}(y) = \sum_{z_1, z_2, z_3}p^{\mathbb{M}}(y|x, z_1, z_2, z_3)p^{\mathbb{M}}(z_1, z_2, z_3)\)
- Here we consider the case where Z1, Z2, and Z3 there exists some function \(L(Z_1, Z_2, Z_3)\) that renders X conditionally independent from Z1, Z2, Z3, i.e. $ X{ Z_1, Z_2, Z_3 } |L(Z_1, Z_2, Z_3)$
- To help imagine this, it modify our causal model to add \(L(Z_1, Z_2, Z_3)\) to the graph as a type of continuous causal AND gate as in .
- Let \(l\) represent a value codomain of \(L(.)\)
- Our new adjustment formula is \(p^{M; do(X:=x)}(y) = \sum_{l}p^{\mathbb{M}}(y|x, l)p^{\mathbb{M}}(l)\)
- What have we gained here? \(p(y |x, l)\) is potentially of lower dimention that \(p(y|x, z_1, z_2, z_3)\). It might be computationally easier to estimate \(p^{M; do(X:=x)}(y)\) with covariate adjustment over \(L(.)\) than over Z1, Z2, Z3.
- In industry and practice, you often hear of “propensity matching”, where you try to group examples that have similar values of \(L(.)\) and then calculste cause effects between X and Y within those groups. In other words, you control for/condition on/adjust for L
Next class (scribes delete) * Structural causal models * Instrumental variables * Potential outcomes * Inverse proability weighting * mediation


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Strong earthquake strikes near Thai-Laos border
BANGKOK: A strong earthquake struck near the border of Thailand and Laos on Thursday (Nov 21), setting high-rise buildings swaying in Bangkok, and prompting at least one power plant in Laos to suspend operations for precautionary checks.
The United States Geological Survey said the 6.1-magnitude quake hit at a depth of 10km about 92km northeast of Muang Nan at around 6.50am (2350 GMT) local time.
There were no reports of casualties or major damage from the quake.
The quake was felt across northern Thailand and by people in tall buildings as far away as Bangkok, more than 600km to the south. Residents near the epicentre said they felt several aftershocks.
"The shaking ... was the main shock from a quake in Laos at 6.50am and was felt in northern and northeastern Thailand and Bangkok and suburbs," said Sophon Chaila, an official at the Thai Meteorological Department.
The department said the quake affected nine provinces in Thailand and there were four lesser aftershocks. It also became a top trending topic on Twitter in Thailand.
Residents in the Vietnamese capital Hanoi also felt buildings sway.
"The ceiling lights were shaking quite strongly. I felt dizzy and scared," said Hanoi resident Tran Hoa Phuong, who felt the earthquake in her 27-storey apartment building.
It hit about three hours after a 5.7-magnitude earthquake struck the same region of Laos, near the site of the large Xayaburi dam project, which reported no damage so far.
After the first quake, the 1,878-megawatt Hongsa Power Plant - Laos' largest-capacity thermal energy generator - immediately suspended operations according to a statement from the Thai-owned company.
No "fundamental" damages or injuries have been found so far, "merely damages to the external texture of the buildings", it said, adding that Hongsa is expected to take 24 hours to complete its inspection.
Photos shared by Thai news showed portions of the power plant's walls had collapsed, and debris littered its premises.
Nearby Xayaburi dam project, one of Laos' largest hydropower dams, has seen "no impact" so far, and is continuing to generate electricity "as normal", said a statement from CK Power.
Information is slow to trickle out of the closed communist state, and there were similarly no official reports of damage or injuries after the twin quakes hit early Thursday.
Impoverished Laos has ploughed ahead with ambitious dam-building projects that critics say lack transparency and stringent safety measures.

Pope Francis arrived in Bangkok on Wednesday and has a busy agenda Thursday meeting officials and the Thai king before he leads a mass in the evening.
READ: Visiting Thailand, Pope condemns exploitation of women and children
There was no word from his team on whether he felt the quake.
Powerful earthquakes occasionally strike hard in Southeast Asia.
In 2016 a 6.8-magnitude quake struck Myanmar, killing at least three people and damaging temples in the ancient temple town of Bagan.


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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object com.ebay.erl.mobius.core.collection.BigTupleList
public class BigTupleList
Stores one to many Tuple
elements.
By default, the tuples are stored in memory, but if the memory is insufficient, the tuples are flushed into underlying file system.
When iterating the Tuple
elements using
iterator()
, the tuples are sorted based
on the comparator if it is provided in the
constructor, otherwise it would be in the insertion
order.
This product is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, available at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0. This product contains portions derived from Apache hadoop which is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, available at http://hadoop.apache.org. © 2007 – 2012 eBay Inc., Evan Chiu, Woody Zhou, Neel Sundaresan
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
static BigTupleList |
ZERO_SIZE_UNMODIFIABLE
A immutable zero size BigTupleList . |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
BigTupleList(java.util.Comparator<Tuple> comparator,
org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter reporter)
Create an instance of BigTupleList with
specified comparator . |
|
BigTupleList(org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter reporter)
Create an instance of BigTupleList
with default comparator (Tuple ). |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
add(Tuple newTuple)
Add a new Tuple into this BigTupleList . |
void |
addAll(java.util.Collection<Tuple> collection)
Add all the tuples in collection into
this list. |
void |
addAll(java.lang.Iterable<Tuple> collection)
Add all the tuples in collection into
this list. |
void |
clear()
Remove all Tuple in this BigTupleList |
BigTupleList |
clone()
Make a deep clone of this list and return a new instance. |
long |
getEstimatedSizeInMemory()
|
Tuple |
getFirst()
|
void |
handleNotification(javax.management.Notification notification,
java.lang.Object handback)
When the used memory exceed the threshold. |
static BigTupleList |
immutable(BigTupleList list)
Create a new instance of immutable BigTupleList
which has identical content of the given list . |
boolean |
isMutable()
Check if this list is mutable or not. |
CloseableIterator<Tuple> |
iterator()
Create an iterator for iterating the Tuple in this list. |
long |
size()
return the total number of Tuple stored in this
BigTupleList |
void |
update(java.util.Observable o,
java.lang.Object arg)
Listening to JVM shutdown signal. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
public static final BigTupleList ZERO_SIZE_UNMODIFIABLE
BigTupleList
.
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public BigTupleList(org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter reporter)
BigTupleList
with default comparator (Tuple
).
public BigTupleList(java.util.Comparator<Tuple> comparator, org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter reporter)
BigTupleList
with
specified comparator
.
Tuple
s stored in this list is sorted by
the comparator
| Method Detail |
|---|
public Tuple getFirst()
public boolean isMutable()
public static BigTupleList immutable(BigTupleList list)
BigTupleList
which has identical content of the given list
.
This method returns a new instance, so list
is still mutable.
public void add(Tuple newTuple)
BigTupleList
.
java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
- if this list is immutable.public void addAll(java.lang.Iterable<Tuple> collection)
collection
into
this list.
java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
- if this list is immutable.public void addAll(java.util.Collection<Tuple> collection)
collection
into
this list.
java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
- if this list is immutable.public long size()
Tuple
stored in this
BigTupleList
public long getEstimatedSizeInMemory()
public void clear()
Tuple
in this BigTupleList
public void handleNotification(javax.management.Notification notification, java.lang.Object handback)
If the number of tuples in this list is greater or equals to 1000, all the tuples will be saved into disk.
handleNotification
in interface javax.management.NotificationListener
public void update(java.util.Observable o, java.lang.Object arg)
If JVM shutdown normally, this method will be called
and clear()
will be called to remove all
the stored tuples.
update
in interface java.util.Observer
JVMShutdownNotifier
public BigTupleList clone()
Tuples in memory will be cloned and the files store tuples in this list will be duplicated and stored in the returned list.
Since it's a deep clone, make changes to this list won't change the returned clone.
Mutable or not of the return clone is the same as this list.
clone
in class java.lang.Object
public CloseableIterator<Tuple> iterator()
Tuple
in this list.
The Tuple
s are sorted by a
comparator, either the default one (
Tuple
) or the specified one
in #BigTupleList(Comparator)
It's it very important to invoke the
CloseableIterator.close()
after
the iteration is done, whether the elements
insides have been all iterated or not.
iterator
in interface java.lang.Iterable<Tuple>
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Note: System dashboards are read-only so they can be easily updated. If
you want to make your own version of a system dashboard, you can clone it providing a new dashboard URL and then make changes to
the clone. If you have a dashboard with the same URL as a system dashboard, when Wavefront deploys the system dashboard
a copy of your dashboard is saved with "-clone" added to the URL and "(Cloned)" added to the name.
In the Dashboards page, system dashboards are indicated with a next to the dashboard name.


public class Types
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
Types.ACTIONS |
static class |
Types.WINNER |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int[] |
ALL_ACTIONS |
static Vector2d[] |
BASEDIRS |
static java.awt.Color |
BLACK |
static java.awt.Color |
BLUE |
static java.awt.Color |
BROWN |
static java.lang.Integer[] |
COLOR_DISC |
static java.awt.Color |
DARKBLUE |
static java.awt.Color |
DARKGRAY |
static Vector2d |
DOWN |
static java.awt.Color |
GOLD |
static java.awt.Color |
GRAY |
static java.awt.Color |
GREEN |
static Vector2d |
LEFT |
static java.awt.Color |
LIGHTBLUE |
static java.awt.Color |
LIGHTGRAY |
static java.awt.Color |
LIGHTGREEN |
static java.awt.Color |
LIGHTORANGE |
static java.awt.Color |
LIGHTRED |
static java.awt.Color |
LIGHTYELLOW |
static Vector2d |
NIL |
static Vector2d |
NONE |
static java.awt.Color |
ORANGE |
static int |
PHYSICS_CONT |
static int |
PHYSICS_GRAVITY |
static int |
PHYSICS_GRID |
static int |
PHYSICS_NON_FRICTION |
static int |
PHYSICS_NONE |
static java.awt.Color |
PINK |
static java.awt.Color |
RED |
static Vector2d |
RIGHT |
static int |
SCORE_DISQ |
static int |
TYPE_AVATAR |
static int |
TYPE_FROMAVATAR |
static int |
TYPE_MOVABLE |
static int |
TYPE_NPC |
static int |
TYPE_PORTAL |
static int |
TYPE_RESOURCE |
static int |
TYPE_STATIC |
static Vector2d |
UP |
static int |
VGDL_GAME_DEF |
static int |
VGDL_INTERACTION_SET |
static int |
VGDL_LEVEL_MAPPING |
static int |
VGDL_SPRITE_SET |
static int |
VGDL_TERMINATION_SET |
static java.awt.Color |
WHITE |
static java.awt.Color |
YELLOW |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Types() |
public static final int PHYSICS_NONE
public static final int PHYSICS_GRID
public static final int PHYSICS_CONT
public static final int PHYSICS_NON_FRICTION
public static final int PHYSICS_GRAVITY
public static final int VGDL_GAME_DEF
public static final int VGDL_SPRITE_SET
public static final int VGDL_INTERACTION_SET
public static final int VGDL_LEVEL_MAPPING
public static final int VGDL_TERMINATION_SET
public static final Vector2d NIL
public static final Vector2d NONE
public static final Vector2d RIGHT
public static final Vector2d LEFT
public static final Vector2d UP
public static final Vector2d DOWN
public static final Vector2d[] BASEDIRS
public static int[] ALL_ACTIONS
public static final int SCORE_DISQ
public static final java.awt.Color GREEN
public static final java.awt.Color BLUE
public static final java.awt.Color RED
public static final java.awt.Color GRAY
public static final java.awt.Color WHITE
public static final java.awt.Color BROWN
public static final java.awt.Color BLACK
public static final java.awt.Color ORANGE
public static final java.awt.Color YELLOW
public static final java.awt.Color PINK
public static final java.awt.Color GOLD
public static final java.awt.Color LIGHTRED
public static final java.awt.Color LIGHTORANGE
public static final java.awt.Color LIGHTBLUE
public static final java.awt.Color LIGHTGREEN
public static final java.awt.Color LIGHTYELLOW
public static final java.awt.Color LIGHTGRAY
public static final java.awt.Color DARKGRAY
public static final java.awt.Color DARKBLUE
public static final java.lang.Integer[] COLOR_DISC
public static final int TYPE_AVATAR
public static final int TYPE_RESOURCE
public static final int TYPE_PORTAL
public static final int TYPE_NPC
public static final int TYPE_STATIC
public static final int TYPE_FROMAVATAR
public static final int TYPE_MOVABLE


Before Change
rate_s, prob_e, prob_i, rho = params
// Sample flows between compartments.
prob_s = -(rate_s * state["I"]).expm1()
S2E = pyro.sample("S2E_{}".format(t),
dist.Binomial(state["S"], prob_s))
E2I = pyro.sample("E2I_{}".format(t),
dist.Binomial(state["E"], prob_e))
After Change
// Sample flows between compartments.
S2E = pyro.sample("S2E_{}".format(t),
infection_dist(individual_rate=R0 / tau_i,
num_susceptible=state["S"],
num_infectious=state["I"],
population=self.population))
E2I = pyro.sample("E2I_{}".format(t),
dist.Binomial(state["E"], 1 / tau_e))
I2R = pyro.sample("I2R_{}".format(t),


| SPLAIN(1) | Perl Programmers Reference Guide | SPLAIN(1) |
use diagnostics; use diagnostics -verbose; enable diagnostics; disable diagnostics;
Using the "splain" standalone filter program:
perl program 2>diag.out splain [-v] [-p] diag.out
Using diagnostics to get stack traces from a misbehaving script:
perl -Mdiagnostics=-traceonly my_script.pl
To use in your program as a pragma, merely invoke
use diagnostics;
at the start (or near the start) of your program. (Note that this does enable perl's -w flag.) Your whole compilation will then be subject(ed :-) to the enhanced diagnostics. These still go out STDERR.
Due to the interaction between runtime and compiletime issues, and because it's probably not a very good idea anyway, you may not use "no diagnostics" to turn them off at compiletime. However, you may control their behaviour at runtime using the disable() and enable() methods to turn them off and on respectively.
The -verbose flag first prints out the perldiag introduction before any other diagnostics. The $diagnostics::PRETTY variable can generate nicer escape sequences for pagers.
Warnings dispatched from perl itself (or more accurately, those that match descriptions found in perldiag) are only displayed once (no duplicate descriptions). User code generated warnings a la warn() are unaffected, allowing duplicate user messages to be displayed.
This module also adds a stack trace to the error message when perl dies. This is useful for pinpointing what caused the death. The -traceonly (or just -t) flag turns off the explanations of warning messages leaving just the stack traces.  By supplying the -warntrace (or just -w) flag, any warnings emitted will also come with a stack trace.
Output from splain is directed to STDOUT, unlike the pragma.
use diagnostics; print NOWHERE "nothing\n"; print STDERR "\n\tThis message should be unadorned.\n"; warn "\tThis is a user warning"; print "\nDIAGNOSTIC TESTER: Please enter a <CR> here: "; my $a, $b = scalar <STDIN>; print "\n"; print $x/$y;
If you prefer to run your program first and look at its problem afterwards, do this:
perl -w test.pl 2>test.out ./splain < test.out
Note that this is not in general possible in shells of more dubious heritage, as the theoretical
(perl -w test.pl >/dev/tty) >& test.out ./splain < test.out
Because you just moved the existing stdout to somewhere else.
If you don't want to modify your source code, but still have on-the-fly warnings, do this:
exec 3>&1; perl -w test.pl 2>&1 1>&3 3>&- | splain 1>&2 3>&-
Nifty, eh?
If you want to control warnings on the fly, do something like this. Make sure you do the "use" first, or you won't be able to get at the enable() or disable() methods.
use diagnostics; # checks entire compilation phase print "\ntime for 1st bogus diags: SQUAWKINGS\n"; print BOGUS1 'nada'; print "done with 1st bogus\n"; disable diagnostics; # only turns off runtime warnings print "\ntime for 2nd bogus: (squelched)\n"; print BOGUS2 'nada'; print "done with 2nd bogus\n"; enable diagnostics; # turns back on runtime warnings print "\ntime for 3rd bogus: SQUAWKINGS\n"; print BOGUS3 'nada'; print "done with 3rd bogus\n"; disable diagnostics; print "\ntime for 4th bogus: (squelched)\n"; print BOGUS4 'nada'; print "done with 4th bogus\n";
If an extant $SIG{__WARN__} handler is discovered, it will continue to be honored, but only after the diagnostics::splainthis() function (the module's $SIG{__WARN__} interceptor) has had its way with your warnings.
There is a $diagnostics::DEBUG variable you may set if you're desperately curious what sorts of things are being intercepted.
BEGIN { $diagnostics::DEBUG = 1 }
The "-pretty" directive is called too late to affect matters.
BEGIN { $diagnostics::PRETTY = 1 }
I could start up faster by delaying compilation until it should be needed, but this gets a "panic: top_level" when using the pragma form in Perl 5.001e.
While it's true that this documentation is somewhat subserious, if you use a program named splain, you should expect a bit of whimsy.
| 2020-06-21 | perl v5.30.3 |


A tree is defined as the connected undirected graph without the cycle or circuit. An undirected graph said to be a tree if there is exist only a unique path between the graph vertices.
• A spanning tree is the sub graph of the graph that contains the all vertices to define a tree. A graph may contains the one or more than one spanning tree.
• A minimum spanning tree (MST) is defined as weighted graph G of the spanning tree, in which the sum of edges is equal to the minimum weight.
• Basically the Minimum spanning tree has the following properties: It contains the each vertex in graph and the weighted sum of the all edges should be minimum.
The following steps shows that belongs to the some minimum spanning tree if be the minimum-weight spanning edge in the connected graph G.
• Consider a minimum spanning tree T and edge. Assume A which is define as: and it contains the two trees. Tree shows the appearance of vertex u and is the tree which shows the appearance of vertex v. Likewise, in which contains the vertices and contains the vertices of.
• Now the vertices is the cut which is crossed by the edge respect to the A. any crossing edge which cut the region may cause of categorize of region into two tree.
• Now if there is a crossing edge (a, b) with the w (a, b) <w (u, v) then new spanning tree can be define as: having the weight:
As the
Now add the zero in the above equation and it can be rewrite as:
Because:
Now it can be write as:
Because
And the above result is less than which can be write as:
This is a contradiction to the statement for all , which cross the cut. So the edge is the light edge crossing cut.
Therefore, contains the some minimum spanning tree.
A spanning tree is the sub graph of the graph that contains the all vertices of a tree. A graph may contain one or more than one spanning tree.
A minimum spanning tree (MST) is defined as weighted graph G of the spanning tree, in which the sum of edges is equal to the minimum weight.
Consider the Theorem 23.1 (refer chapter 23, section 23.1 of textbook) statement.
Professor Sabatier gives the converse of this theorem and states that (u, v) is the light edge for the cut. The assumption of the professor is false. The reasons are given below:
• Consider the safe edge A. The safe edge definition says that when any edge is added to the set of edges A, then the resultant subset will also have some minimum spanning tree.
• This particular specification about the safe edge does not provide the reference of light edge in any way.
• For the situation from a counter example, there may be many numbers of safe edges from the S to V-S but it is not possible to have all edge to be light. Consider the above figure as the counter example: V= {P, Q, R, S, T, U}.
• Suppose S={P,Q,R}, and A={(P,Q), (Q,R)}. From the above diagram, it can be see that edges (P,S), (Q,T) and (R,U) all are safe edges, but only edge (R,T) is the light edge for the cut. Hence assumption of the professor is false.
Therefore, the above example proves that the Professor Sabatier’s conjectured converse theorem is incorrect.
A tree is defined as the connected undirected graph without the cycle or circuit. An undirected graph said to be a tree if there is exist only a unique path between the graph vertices.
• A spanning tree is the sub graph of the graph that contains the all vertices to define a tree. A graph may contains the one or more than one spanning tree.
• A minimum spanning tree (MST) is defined as weighted graph G of the spanning tree, in which the sum of edges is equal to the minimum weight.
• Basically the Minimum spanning tree has the following properties: It contains the each vertex in graph. And the weighted sum of the all edges should be minimum.
To show that belongs to the some minimum spanning tree if be the minimum-weight spanning edge in the connected graph G.
• Consider a minimum spanning tree T and edge. Assume A which is define as: and it contains the two trees. Tree shows the appearance of vertex u and is the tree which shows the appearance of vertex v. Likewise, in which contains the vertices and contains the vertices of.
• Now the vertices is the cut which is crossed by the edge respect to the A. any crossing edge which cut the region may cause of categorize of region into two tree.
• Now if there is a crossing edge (a, b) with the w (a, b) ) then new spanning tree can be define as: having the weight:
As the
Now add the zero in the above equation and it can be write as:
Because
Now it can be write as:
Because
And the above result is less that which can be write as:
Thus, this contradicts with the above result shows that contains the some minimum spanning tree. Therefore for all the, which crossing the cut. So the edge is the light edge crossing cut.
Cut edge: A Cut (S, V-S) is a line that divides the graph into two disjoint sets of vertices on its either side. So, on removing the edge that crosses the cut creates sets of disjoint vertices on either side thereby increasing the number of connected components.
Light edge: It is an edge which crosses a cut and is the minimum in weight when compared to all the other edges that cross that cut.
Consider a graph which is an equilateral triangle.
There are three edges in this graph -
The weight of each edge in this graph is equal. Let it be called .
Three cuts exist in this graph, namely, cut1, cut2 and cut3.
There are three edges crossing the cuts:
• and cross the cut1.
• and cross the cut2.
• and cross the cut3.
Since, all the three edges have the same weight. Therefore, all the edges crossing any cut in this graph is a light edge.
Hence, the above graph K 3 is a graph in which every edge cross a cut and is also a light edge.
Minimum Spanning Tree: Minimum spanning tree comprises of the edges which connect every vertex of that graph with the minimum total weight possible.
The graph above which is called K3 is not a minimum spanning tree because it is a cyclic graph. The minimum spanning tree of this graph can be created with 2 edges only. The following is the diagram showing the minimum spanning tree for the graph, K3.
The minimum spanning tree for this graph can be drawn in three ways as shown above.
Hence, the graph doesn’t form a minimum spanning tree.
There are the following steps to show that, there is the minimum spanning tree (MST) of G which does not contain e on the basis of provided specification:
• Consider that T is define as the minimum spanning tree (MST) of G’ which is define as. Suppose that u and v are define as the two vertices which is adjacent to the edge e, edge e is the maximum weight edge on the some cycle of.
• If Edge e is added to the graph G’ then it will produce the graph G. If T is define as the MST of some cycle of graph G’ then it is also a spanning tree of some cycle of graph G as the only both contains the same vertices, only the difference exist between both is of edge e.
• T is spanning tree of graph G, but is it the MST of graph G? Assume that T is not the MST of graph G. if this is happened then this would be lead a conflictness.
• Now, if T is not defined as the MST of some cycle of graph G then there should be a T’ tree which should be minimum spanning tree of G’ with less than weight of G and it will have the edge e.
• Since MST T’ is exist as the MST of graph G’, and difference between both G and G’ is of e edge then MST T’ and MST T will have common number of edge equal to the n-2. It is so because a simple tree of n-vertices has n-1 edge. And ending edge in MST T’ is e edge.
• Assume that e’ edge be the ending edge for the MST T. As the weight of the maximum edge e is more than the weight of the maximum edge e’, so MST T’ cannot be the MST after all, which is the contradiction.
Therefore, T is the minimum spanning tee for the both G and G’.
Assume (for contradiction) two minimum spanning trees of G. To prove that the graph has a unique minimum spanning tree, show that every edge of T is also in which means that are the same.
Consider any edge which is not in. If the edge is removed from, it cuts the tree into two components. T becomes disconnected, resulting in a cut . The edge is a light edge crossing the cut .
Consider the edge be the unique light edge that crosses. Since the light edge crossing is unique, the edges are the same edge.
Hence, the edge. As it is considered that is arbitrary, every edge in T is also in.
Hence, the assumption that there are two minimum spanning trees of G is wrong.
Hence, the graph has a unique minimum spanning tree if for every cut of G, there is a unique light edge crossing the cut.
Counter example for the converse: Consider the following graph with 3 vertices a, b, c and weights and.
The minimum spanning tree is as shown below:
In the graph, there is a minimum spanning tree containing the edges (a, b) and (a, c). But the cut ({a}, {b, c}) does not have a unique light edge crossing the cut.
A tree is defined as the connected undirected graph without the cycle or circuit. Graph is the collection of the nodes or vertices and edges that connect the nodes. Graph is categories into different categories:
• A directed graph said to be the strongly connected graph if for all vertices v, w there exist a path from the v to w and also a path from the w to v. If any graph does not follow the property of the strongly connected graph then it said to be the weekly connected graph.
• An undirected graph said to be a tree if there is exist only a unique path between the graph vertices. In the mesh network each node is connected to the other in the network.
In any graph in which edges are associated with some numerical value then graph is called as weighted graph. Normally the edge weights are the non-negative integers. Weight of the edges are oftenly referred as the cost of edges.
There are the following condition steps for conclusion to argue that if weights of the all edges in a graph are the positive then any subset of the edges which connects the all vertices and having minimum total length must be define as tree:
• A graph which contains only non-negative weights, the subset of graph edges that connects the all vertices must be acyclic as the cycle by the definition contains the at least single edge which can be removed without changing the connectivity of subset graph.
• Suppose a graph is define as G and a minimum graph which contains the cycle is define as g. Consider, if someone remove the cycle or the remove the redundant edge from the graph g then it is called as g’.
• Now as the one edge is remove from the graph g then the weight of the graph g’ will be less than the weight of the graph g or it can be written as.
• But for argument, g cannot be the minimum weight graph. So the subset graph created by the edge connecting of all vertices in such a way that the weight must be minimum for the acyclic.
In the same manner, it can be display that subgraph does not contain the cross edge. These are the condition for the Graph G defining as minimum spanning tree because graph G is cycle which contains the all vertices and if this is directed graph then it will not contain any cross edge.
Though, above defined conditions not holed for a negative weighted tree. Consider the following example which shows that calculated conclusion based on the condition is false for the negative weight.
In the above graph, if it have cycle which is formed in the way of P to Q, Q to T and T to P. The minimum in such a case is unidentified because minimum can be randomly increase by looping the edge of P to S that decrease of the total weight of path in every loop.
A spanning tree is the sub graph of the graph that contains the all vertices to define a tree. A graph may contains the one or more than one spanning tree.
• A minimum spanning tree (MST) is defined as weighted graph G of the spanning tree, in which the sum of edges is equal to the minimum weight.
• Basically the Minimum spanning tree has the following properties: It contains the each vertex in graph. And the weighted sum of the all edges should be minimum.
• To find the minimum spanning tree, there are various types of algorithm is exist such as Kruskal and Prims algorithm in graph theory and data structure.
• Kruskal's algorithm is used to find the MST from a graph G (V, E). Here V is the set of vertices and E is the set of edges. A spanning tree of a graph G (V, E) is subgraph of G having all the vertices of G but contains no cycle. MST of a graph is one which total cost should be minimum.
• To find the MST (Suppose T is the final MST) of a weighted (w) graph G (V, E) following are the algorithm steps:
MST-KRUSKAL (G, w)
1. // define initially to be empty set.
T=φ;
2. For each vertex v ?? G, V, Make empty set out of v.
MAKE-SET (v);
3. Sort the edges of G, E in increasing order by weight w;
4. For each edge (u, v) ?? G.E, taken from incremental order or sorted list.
// If both edge are belongs to the different set
FIND-SET (u) ≠ FIND-SET (v);
// add the edge (u, v) to the tree T;
s
// Put the u and v in the one single set;
UNION (u, v);
5. return T
Assume that T is MST of graph G and L is the sorted list of the graph edges with respect to the weight in tree T. To show that for the any other MST T’ of graph G, the sorted list L will be same in T’, following steps need to be considered:
• Consider the following graph with the weighted edge. Kruskal algorithms will find the MST in the sorted order.
• Suppose that based on the Kruskal algorithm, the minimum spanning tree T in the specified order L is calculated as shown below:
• If T’ is minimum spanning tree then it can be found out in the similar way from the Kruskal algorithm in the specified sorted order L’ which is shown as below:
• Now if the specified sorted order L and L’ for the both minimum spanning tree are not equivalent or then it shows the contradiction because if they differ at any point then Kruskal algorithm have to pick the smaller of the two.
• So to obtain the L’ is impossible as from the above calculated minimum spanning tree, it is shown that:
For T, sorted order list L= {1, 2};
For T’, sorted order list L= {1, 2}.
A minimum spanning tree (MST) is defined as weighted graph G of the spanning tree, in which the sum of edges is equal to the minimum weight. Basically the Minimum spanning tree has the following properties: It contains the each vertex in graph. And the weighted sum of the all edges should be minimum. To find the MST of a graph such that the maximum degree of any vertex in the spanning tree does not exceed a fixed constant k are described in the following steps:
1. List all the edge of graph in increasing order.
2. Select smallest edge from the list and add to the spanning tree if inclusions of the edge not create the cycle. If it creates cycle then remove this particular edge.
3. Repeat above step until spanning tree contain the n-1 edge, where n is the no. of node in graph.
According to the provided specification, T is the minimum spanning tree (MST) of the graph G= (V, E) and V’ is define as the subset of set of vertices V. To proof that if subgraph T’ of T is connected then it will be a MST, there are the following steps:
• It is assumed that T’ is the subgraph of T which is persuaded by the V’ and G’ is the subgraph of G which is made by the V’.
• Assume that subgraph T’ is not the minimum weighted spanning tree for the graph G’. Let’s suppose that graph G’ have a minimum weighted spanning tree A’.
• If someone merged subset of the edges T\T’ to the minimum spanning tree S’ then it will produce the spanning tree S for the graph G.
• Now weight of tree S would be minimum as compare to the weight of tree T. and this produce the contradiction that tree T is the MST.
• Thus the assumption of minimum spanning tree is incorrect hence T’ is the minimum spanning tree in graph G’.
For given a graph G and a MST T, someone reduce the weight of the any one edge in MST T then T will still the MST for the graph G. There are the following steps with respect to this proof:
• Suppose in minimum spanning tree T, {E1, E2, E3… En-1} be the set of edges with their respected weight of {L1, L2, L3 … Ln-1} and assume that Ei be an edge which has weight Li and this weight is reduced by the some value which is known as .
• Now assume the opposite of the proof means if weight Li of edge Ei is decreased by the then T is not follow the property of minimum spanning tree.
• Suppose that T’ be the new MST. As the weight Ei is the only edge which weight was changing so that in the minimum spanning tree edges are.
• Now consider that E’ be the edge which is replacing by Ei in the minimum spanning tree T’ and weight L’ be the weight of the edge E’.
• As the edge E not the edge E’ was the edge in minimum spanning tree T, weight of edge Ei will be less than the weight of edge L’ that can be written as .
• As the weight Li of the edge Ei was reduced by the value which can be written as and from the above point the equation can be formed as: Thus, .
• As and all other edge except Ei and E’ are remain as it as in MST T and T’, the total weight of the edges in tree T are less than the total weight of the edges in E. or it can be write as:
Hence tree T’ cannot be a MST and Tree T is the minimum spanning tree in graph G.


Haven't done a Halloween name before, but you're supposed to pick something scary? Am I doing it right? https://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SS9H2Y_7.1.0/com.ibm.dp.doc/json_jsonx.html
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Haven't done a Halloween name before, but you're supposed to pick something scary? Am I doing it right? https://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SS9H2Y_7.1.0/com.ibm.dp.doc/json_jsonx.html
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Release Notes
Versioning Scheme
Laravel's versioning scheme maintains the following convention: paradigm.major.minor
. Major framework releases are released every six months (February and August), while minor releases may be released as often as every week. Minor releases should never contain breaking changes.
When referencing the Laravel framework or its components from your application or package, you should always use a version constraint such as 5.8.*
, since major releases of Laravel do include breaking changes. However, we strive to always ensure you may update to a new major release in one day or less.
Paradigm shifting releases are separated by many years and represent fundamental shifts in the framework's architecture and conventions. Currently, there is no paradigm shifting release under development.
Support Policy
For LTS releases, such as Laravel 5.5, bug fixes are provided for 2 years and security fixes are provided for 3 years. These releases provide the longest window of support and maintenance. For general releases, bug fixes are provided for 6 months and security fixes are provided for 1 year. For all additional libraries, including Lumen, only the latest release receives bug fixes.
| Version | Release | Bug Fixes Until | Security Fixes Until |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.0 | February 4th, 2015 | August 4th, 2015 | February 4th, 2016 |
| 5.1 (LTS) | June 9th, 2015 | June 9th, 2017 | June 9th, 2018 |
| 5.2 | December 21st, 2015 | June 21st, 2016 | December 21st, 2016 |
| 5.3 | August 23rd, 2016 | February 23rd, 2017 | August 23rd, 2017 |
| 5.4 | January 24th, 2017 | July 24th, 2017 | January 24th, 2018 |
| 5.5 (LTS) | August 30th, 2017 | August 30th, 2019 | August 30th, 2020 |
| 5.6 | February 7th, 2018 | August 7th, 2018 | February 7th, 2019 |
| 5.7 | September 4th, 2018 | March 4th, 2019 | September 4th, 2019 |
| 5.8 | February 26th, 2019 | August 26th, 2019 | February 26th, 2020 |
Laravel 5.8
Laravel 5.8 continues the improvements made in Laravel 5.7 by introducing has-one-through Eloquent relationships, improved email validation, convention based automatic registration of authorization policies, DynamoDB cache and session drivers, improved scheduler timezone configuration, support for assigning multiple authentication guards to broadcast channels, PSR-16 cache driver compliance, improvements to the artisan serve
command, PHPUnit 8.0 support, Carbon 2.0 support, Pheanstalk 4.0 support, and a variety of other bug fixes and usability improvements.
Eloquent HasOneThrough
Relationship
Eloquent now provides support for the hasOneThrough
relationship type. For example, imagine a Supplier model hasOne
Account model, and an Account model has one AccountHistory model. You may use a hasOneThrough
relationship to access a supplier's account history through the account model:
/**
* Get the account history for the supplier.
*/
public function accountHistory()
{
return $this->hasOneThrough(AccountHistory::class, Account::class);
}
Auto-Discovery Of Model Policies
When using Laravel 5.7, each model's corresponding authorization policy needed to be explicitly registered in your application's AuthServiceProvider
:
/**
* The policy mappings for the application.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $policies = [
'App\User' => 'App\Policies\UserPolicy',
];
Laravel 5.8 introduces auto-discovery of model policies as long as the model and policy follow standard Laravel naming conventions. Specifically, the policies must be in a Policies
directory below the directory that contains the models. So, for example, the models may be placed in the app
directory while the policies may be placed in the app/Policies
directory. In addition, the policy name must match the model name and have a Policy
suffix. So, a User
model would correspond to a UserPolicy
class.
If you would like to provide your own policy discovery logic, you may register a custom callback using the Gate::guessPolicyNamesUsing
method. Typically, this method should be called from your application's AuthServiceProvider
:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;
Gate::guessPolicyNamesUsing(function ($modelClass) {
// return policy class name...
});
{note} Any policies that are explicitly mapped in your
AuthServiceProvider
will take precedence over any potential auto-discovered policies.
PSR-16 Cache Compliance
In order to allow a more granular expiration time when storing items and provide compliance with the PSR-16 caching standard, the cache item time-to-live has changed from minutes to seconds. The put
, putMany
, add
, remember
and setDefaultCacheTime
methods of the Illuminate\Cache\Repository
class and its extended classes, as well as the put
method of each cache store were updated with this changed behavior. See the related PR for more info.
If you are passing an integer to any of these methods, you should update your code to ensure you are now passing the number of seconds you wish the item to remain in the cache. Alternatively, you may pass a DateTime
instance indicating when the item should expire:
// Laravel 5.7 - Store item for 30 minutes...
Cache::put('foo', 'bar', 30);
// Laravel 5.8 - Store item for 30 seconds...
Cache::put('foo', 'bar', 30);
// Laravel 5.7 / 5.8 - Store item for 30 seconds...
Cache::put('foo', 'bar', now()->addSeconds(30));
Multiple Broadcast Authentication Guards
In previous releases of Laravel, private and presence broadcast channels authenticated the user via your application's default authentication guard. Beginning in Laravel 5.8, you may now assign multiple guards that should authenticate the incoming request:
Broadcast::channel('channel', function() {
// ...
}, ['guards' => ['web', 'admin']])
Token Guard Token Hashing
Laravel's token
guard, which provides basic API authentication, now supports storing API tokens as SHA-256 hashes. This provides improved security over storing plain-text tokens. To learn more about hashed tokens, please review the full API authentication documentation.
Note: While Laravel ships with a simple, token based authentication guard, we strongly recommend you consider using Laravel Passport for robust, production applications that offer API authentication.
Improved Email Validation
Laravel 5.8 introduces improvements to the validator's underlying email validation logic by adopting the egulias/email-validator
package utilized by SwiftMailer. Laravel's previous email validation logic occasionally considered valid emails, such as<EMAIL_ADDRESS>, to be invalid.
Default Scheduler Timezone
Laravel allows you to customize the timezone of a scheduled task using the timezone
method:
$schedule->command('inspire')
->hourly()
->timezone('America/Chicago');
However, this can become cumbersome and repetitive if you are specifying the same timezone for all of your scheduled tasks. For that reason, you may now define a scheduleTimezone
method in your app/Console/Kernel.php
file. This method should return the default timezone that should be assigned to all scheduled tasks:
/**
* Get the timezone that should be used by default for scheduled events.
*
* @return \DateTimeZone|string|null
*/
protected function scheduleTimezone()
{
return 'America/Chicago';
}
Intermediate Table / Pivot Model Events
In previous versions of Laravel, Eloquent model events were not dispatched when attaching, detaching, or syncing custom intermediate table / "pivot" models of a many-to-many relationship. When using custom intermediate table models in Laravel 5.8, the applicable model events will now be dispatched.
Artisan Call Improvements
Laravel allows you to invoke Artisan via the Artisan::call
method. In previous releases of Laravel, the command's options are passed via an array as the second argument to the method:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;
Artisan::call('migrate:install', ['database' => 'foo']);
However, Laravel 5.8 allows you to pass the entire command, including options, as the first string argument to the method:
Artisan::call('migrate:install --database=foo');
Mock / Spy Testing Helper Methods
In order to make mocking objects more convenient, new mock
and spy
methods have been added to the base Laravel test case class. These methods automatically bind the mocked class into the container. For example:
// Laravel 5.7
$this->instance(Service::class, Mockery::mock(Service::class, function ($mock) {
$mock->shouldReceive('process')->once();
}));
// Laravel 5.8
$this->mock(Service::class, function ($mock) {
$mock->shouldReceive('process')->once();
});
Eloquent Resource Key Preservation
When returning an Eloquent resource collection from a route, Laravel resets the collection's keys so that they are in simple numerical order:
use App\User;
use App\Http\Resources\User as UserResource;
Route::get('/user', function () {
return UserResource::collection(User::all());
});
When using Laravel 5.8, you may now add a preserveKeys
property to your resource class indicating if collection keys should be preserved. By default, and to maintain consistency with previous Laravel releases, the keys will be reset by default:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Resources;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;
class User extends JsonResource
{
/**
* Indicates if the resource's collection keys should be preserved.
*
* @var bool
*/
public $preserveKeys = true;
}
When the preserveKeys
property is set to true
, collection keys will be preserved:
use App\User;
use App\Http\Resources\User as UserResource;
Route::get('/user', function () {
return UserResource::collection(User::all()->keyBy->id);
});
Higher Order orWhere
Eloquent Method
In previous releases of Laravel, combining multiple Eloquent model scopes via an or
query operator required the use of Closure callbacks:
// scopePopular and scopeActive methods defined on the User model...
$users = App\User::popular()->orWhere(function (Builder $query) {
$query->active();
})->get();
Laravel 5.8 introduces a "higher order" orWhere
method that allows you to fluently chain these scopes together without the use of Closures:
$users = App\User::popular()->orWhere->active()->get();
Artisan Serve Improvements
In previous releases of Laravel, Artisan's serve
command would serve your application on port 8000
. If another serve
command process was already listening on this port, an attempt to serve a second application via serve
would fail. Beginning in Laravel 5.8, serve
will now scan for available ports up to port 8009
, allowing you to serve multiple applications at once.
Blade File Mapping
When compiling Blade templates, Laravel now adds a comment to the top of the compiled file which contains the path to the original Blade template.
DynamoDB Cache / Session Drivers
Laravel 5.8 introduces DynamoDB cache and session drivers. DynamoDB is a serverless NoSQL database provided by Amazon Web Services. The default configuration for the dynamodb
cache driver can be found in the Laravel 5.8 cache configuration file.
Carbon 2.0 Support
Laravel 5.8 provides support for the ~2.0
release of the Carbon date manipulation library.
Pheanstalk 4.0 Support
Laravel 5.8 provides support for the ~4.0
release of the Pheanstalk queue library. If you are using Pheanstalk library in your application, please upgrade your library to the ~4.0
release via Composer.


|
Family information for patients is routinely collected. Initially at enrollment and continuously at follow ups and home visits. In IQCare this is recorded in the family information form and extracted into this table. This table is crucial in providing linkages between related patients.
#
|
Name
|
Type
|
Description
|
Options
|
1
|
PatientPK
|
Integer
|
System assigned unique key
|
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
|
2
|
PatientID
|
Text
|
|
|
3
|
RPatientPK
|
Integer
|
System assigned unique key of the patient’s relative
|
|
4
|
RPatientID
|
Text
|
Facility assigned ID for the patient’s relative
|
|
5
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Relationship
|
Text
|
Relationship between the patient and the family member
|
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6
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RGender
|
Text
|
Gender of the relative
|
|
7
|
RAgeCurrent
|
Number
|
Current age of the relative
|
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8
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RHIVStatus
|
Text
|
HIV Status of the relative
|
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9
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RHIVCareStatus
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Text
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HIV Care Status of the relative
|
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|


Oxides are given: zinc oxide, sulfur oxide (VI), copper oxide (II). Determine the nature of the oxides.


Class CliArguments
Represents the arguments (options) which are available to the CLI application.
Inheritance
Inherited Members
Namespace: ZptSharp.Cli
Assembly: ZptSharp.Cli.dll
Syntax
public class CliArguments
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceCommaSeparatedExcludePatterns
Gets or sets a comma-separated list of file/path glob patterns to exclude from the operation. If left unset then this defaults to empty/no exclusions.
Declaration
public string CommaSeparatedExcludePatterns { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String | The exclude patterns. |
CommaSeparatedIncludePatterns
Gets or sets a comma-separated list of file/path glob patterns to
include in the operation. If left unset then this defaults to
.
. IE: All files in the directory, but no recursive searching.
Declaration
public string CommaSeparatedIncludePatterns { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String | The include patterns. |
CommaSeparatedKeywordOptions
Gets or sets an optional collection of key/value pairs which shall be used in the rendering operation as the "TALES keyword options".
Declaration
public string CommaSeparatedKeywordOptions { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String | The keyword options. |
Remarks
These should be passed as comma-separated list of key/value pairs in the
format key=value
. For example, the string weather=cloudy,time=13:45
would create two keyword options. Those would be weather
with a value
of cloudy
& time
with a value of 13:45
.
EnableSourceAnnotation
Gets or sets a value which indicates whether or not source annotation should be enabled.
Declaration
public bool EnableSourceAnnotation { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | Whether or not to use source annotation. |
OutputFileExtension
Gets or sets an optional file extension to be used for the output files. If left unset then the files will be output with the same extension as the source files.
Declaration
public string OutputFileExtension { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String | The output file extension. |
OutputPath
Gets the directory path to where output files should be saved. If this is null then the current directory shall be used.
Declaration
public string OutputPath { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String | The output path. |
PathToModelJson
Gets or sets an optional path to a JSON-formatted file which shall be used as the model for the rendering operation.
Declaration
public string PathToModelJson { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String | The model JSON file path. |
RootPath
The only mandatory argument; this gets or sets the root path which shall be used for the bulk file rendering operation.
Declaration
public IList<string> RootPath { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IList<System.String> | The root path. |
Remarks
Whilst this property is a list, it should always have precisely one value.
UseAngleSharp
Gets or sets a value which indicates whether or not AngleSharp should be used for rendering HTML ZPT documents. If false then HTML Agility Pack will be used instead.
Declaration
public bool UseAngleSharp { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | Whether or not to use AngleSharp for HTML. |


By clicking on the button below and by accessing and using the DAML Code Editor, you agree to the following terms and conditions:
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reid
social:
twitter
/
instagram
music:
soundcloud
/
bandcamp
code:
github
/
this
.src
discord:
reid#0001


Loan Default Predictor
Enter the loan details in the following from to determine if the candidate is likely to default on their loan:
EMI:
Loan Amount:
Maximum amount sanctioned for any Two wheeler loan:
Age at which customer has taken the loan:
Rate of Interest:
Number of times 30 days past due in last 6 months:
Maximum MOB (Month of business with TVS Credit):
Number of times 60 days past due in last 6 months:
Number of loans:
Maximum amount sanctioned in the Live loans:
Number of times 90 days past due in last 3 months:
Tenure:
Number of times bounced while repaying the loan:
Submit


+++ title = "La Chiva, Xalapa" slug = "la-chiva-xalapa" date = 2007-02-22T22:00:00+10:00 tags = ["chess", "bars", "alcohol"] locations = ["mexico/xalapa"] draft = false summary = """
This is a great little bar in the middle of Xalapa, just down the road from Hostal de la Niebla. It offers cheap beers, great music, and regular intense games of chess.
""" +++This is a great little bar in the middle of Xalapa, just down the road from Hostal de la Niebla. It offers cheap beers, great music, and regular intense games of chess.
I went to this bar on both of my nights in Xalapa, with Steve from Jersey, and with a crazy Canadian guy.


T
- the type of the nodes managed by this modelpublic interface NodeModel<T>
Definition of an interface describing a model based on a nodes structure.
This interface can be used for dealing with hierarchical, tree-like data. It defines basic operations for manipulating the tree structure which use keys to select the nodes affected.
The idea behind this interface is that concrete implementations can be used by hierarchical configurations. This
makes it possible to integrate various hierarchical structures with the API of a hierarchical configuration, e.g.
configuration nodes stored in memory, JNDI contexts, or other structures. The configuration object interacts with the
underlying data structure via this interface. For more complex operations access to an ExpressionEngine
may
be required in order to interpret the passed in keys. For these purposes a NodeKeyResolver
has to be provided
which knows how to deal with keys.
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
addNodes(String key,
Collection<? extends T> nodes,
NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
Adds a collection of new nodes to this model.
|
void |
addProperty(String key,
Iterable<?> values,
NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
Adds a new property to this node model consisting of an arbitrary number of values.
|
void |
clear(NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
Removes all data from this model.
|
void |
clearProperty(String key,
NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
Clears the value of a property.
|
Object |
clearTree(String key,
NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
Removes the sub trees defined by the given key from this model.
|
ImmutableNode |
getInMemoryRepresentation()
Returns a representation of the data stored in this model in form of a nodes hierarchy of
ImmutableNode
objects. |
NodeHandler<T> |
getNodeHandler()
Returns a
NodeHandler for dealing with the nodes managed by this model. |
void |
setProperty(String key,
Object value,
NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
Changes the value of a property.
|
void |
setRootNode(T newRoot)
Sets a new root node for this model.
|
void setRootNode(T newRoot)
newRoot
- the new root node to be set (can be null, then an empty root node is set)NodeHandler<T> getNodeHandler()
NodeHandler
for dealing with the nodes managed by this model.NodeHandler
void addProperty(String key, Iterable<?> values, NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
NodeAddData
object defining the add operation to be performed.key
- the keyvalues
- the values to be added at the position defined by the keyresolver
- the NodeKeyResolver
void addNodes(String key, Collection<? extends T> nodes, NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
addNodes()
method of the
HierarchicalConfiguration
interface. The new nodes are either added to an existing node (if the passed in key
selects exactly one node) or to a newly created node. The passed in NodeKeyResolver
is used to interpret the
given key.key
- the keynodes
- the collection of nodes to be added (may be null)resolver
- the NodeKeyResolver
IllegalArgumentException
- if the key references an attribute (of course, it is not possible to add something
to an attribute)void setProperty(String key, Object value, NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
NodeKeyResolver
which will produce a corresponding NodeUpdateData
object. Based on the content of this object, update
operations are performed.key
- the keyvalue
- the new value for this property (to be evaluated by the NodeKeyResolver
)resolver
- the NodeKeyResolver
Object clearTree(String key, NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
NodeKeyResolver
and removed from the model.key
- the key selecting the properties to be removedresolver
- the NodeKeyResolver
void clearProperty(String key, NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
clearTree(String, NodeKeyResolver)
: However, the
nodes referenced by the passed in key are not removed completely, but only their value is set to null.key
- the key selecting the properties to be clearedresolver
- the NodeKeyResolver
void clear(NodeKeyResolver<T> resolver)
resolver
- the NodeKeyResolver
ImmutableNode getInMemoryRepresentation()
ImmutableNode
objects. A concrete model implementation can use an arbitrary means to store its data. When a model's data is to be
used together with other functionality of the Configuration library (e.g. when combining multiple
configuration sources) it has to be transformed into a common format. This is done by this method.
ImmutableNode
is a generic representation of a hierarchical structure. Thus, it should be possible to
generate a corresponding structure from arbitrary model data.Copyright © 2001–2022 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.


---
layout: default
title: Rooster
description: "Playground - rooster"
permalink: /playground/rooster/
group: playground-project
parent: playground
lang: en
language: English
thumbnail: playground-rooster-2017-tile
order: 6
---
{% include image50vw.html basename="playground-rooster-2017-01" alt="playground rooster 2017" %}
{% include image50vw.html basename="playground-rooster-2017-02" alt="playground rooster 2017" %}
{% include image50vw.html basename="playground-rooster-2017-04" alt="playground rooster 2017" %}
{% include image50vw.html basename="playground-rooster-2017-05" alt="playground rooster 2017" %}
{% include playground-tiles.html %}


SEX, LIES, AND VIDEOTAPE (1989) A Film Review by Ted Prigge Copyright 1997 Ted Prigge
Writer/Director: Steven Soderbergh Starring: James Spader, Andie MacDowell, Peter Gallagher, Laura San Giacomo
In an age where sex is shown in its entirety, where graphic sex scenes seem to populate more and more movies, it's a blast to see a film that blatantly talks about sex but never features any actual skin. And it's even more of a shock that not only is there no skin and very little actual sex, but that it's actually more erotic than all of those little cheapie films.
"sex, lies, and videotape" was the film that basically made the indie film chic, back in its early days of the late 80s. Writing the screenplay in about 7 days, Steven Soderbergh made this very talkative film, sent it to Cannes, and came home with the coveted "Palme D'Or." Truthfully, it's not a masterpiece, really, but really a fantastic character study out to prove a point: talking about sex is more of a turn-on than actualy sex. And it makes its point wonderfully.
The film is about, well, sex, lies, and videotape. Centering around four characters, all with some screwed-up aspects of sex in their individual respects, it's a fascinating film that holds one's focus for its full 100 minutes. It unfolds like a wonderfully-written novel, introducing us to characters one-by-one, then tying them together brilliantly. This is not only brilliantly written, but also brilliantly directed and acted, with all four leads giving no less than amazing performances.
James Spader plays Graham, who basically lives in his car, and roams the country like a drifter or nomad. We learn very little of him at a time, and he's the most intriguing character in the whole film. Anyway, the film's plot takes off when he arrives at the home of his old college roomate's, John (Peter Gallagher), a lawyer who's married to a sexually barren wife, Ann (Andie MacDowell, before she became moderately big), who thinks sex his over-rated. But John is really conducting an affair with Ann's more liberal sister, Cynthia (Laura San Giacomo, from "Pretty Woman" and the current sitcom "Fired Up").
Ann is as fascinated with the mysterious Graham as we are, and ends up apartment shopping with him one day. Following this little shopping excursion, they have lunch together, where they do a bit of flirting, and begin confessing a bit, where Graham announces he's impotent. He ends up buying an apartment, and when Ann goes over to see him, she finds a bunch of tapes he's made with woman.  She, and we, are disturbed (and with good reason), but are undeniably fascinated by what's going on. She leaves awkwardly, turned off, but, of course, not being able to put this away in the back of her mind.
Thins happen with the four characters, and soon, not only does Cynthia find Graham's little fetish intriguing as well, but she has soon made a tape for him, finding it much more of an actual turn-on than actual sex with John. When Ann makes a tape, it's probably the best scene in the movie, since it becomes the enzyme which fuels the characters to come out in the end the way they do.
This is, of course, a film primarily fueled by characters. The plot is moved only by characterization, not some cheap plot device. The use of videotaping sexual confessions is not a cheap plot gimmick, but rather an outlet that is created by one of the characters to compensate for a lack of interest in sex. This is really true-to-life, since sex is basically interesting for a while, but gets old, but talking about it is pretty much immortal. The scene where Graham interviews Ann for the camera is one of the greatest film scenes in recent film history, as it shows the characters opening up in ways they wouldn't before. Each character is mysterious, but soon shows they are human and unique.
The acting is superb from all four leads. James Spader, who has never made it big, but is pretty much a great actor in most of what he does, has created a role which would be laughably bad if done by a lesser actor, but he hits all the right notes, making him mysteriously seductive, yet still human. Spader's one of the more underrated actors around, but shows us here that he is a fantastic actor. Andie MacDowell, who is often criticized for her acting, is also amazing here, and also hits all the right notes in her character. She seems like she would be the wrong choice for the role, judging by what she usually does in her work as of late, but shows she's a very talented actress, making her character multi-leveled and human. Peter Gallagher, who's also very underrated, has the tough part in the respect that he's the least likable character in the film. He's the adulterous, lying husband, who never really fully understands the videotaping, but is nevertheless brilliantly acted by Gallagher. And Laura San Giacomo, who also never made it big (I'm sensing a trend here), rocks in the free-spirited role of Cynthia, making her likable even though she's doing a horrible thing to her sister.
Alas, this film is brilliant, but is probably not one of the greatest films of all time like it may seem. It's definitely one of the most important films, and one of the best executed films I've seen, but it's not a film that has a ton of depth to it. But the message gets across, and it gets its job done, and gets it done with flying colors. It's mildly erotic, but always interesting. So, it might not have absolutely deserved the "Palme D'Or" (I have no clue what else was up that year), but it's a landmark film in indie history, and it's just a great film to watch.
MY RATING (out of 5): ***1/2
Homepage at: http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Hills/8335/
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


AxiomCoders About Template Editor dialog displays general, contact information and links to AxiomCoders web site and support


--- layout: post title: Cringely's NerdTV Is Awesome categories: [] tags: [] status: publish type: post published: true meta: _original_post_id: '' _original_import_author: John Duprey author: ---
jduprey
pleased


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Visited Bonneville Fish Hatchery before we headed to Montana. 7/3/2021, 1:08:17 PM Favs: 3 Retweets: 0 link


Fullstack Developer
Hi! I am Francisco. I am a Fullstack Developer, mainly focused in Javascript! I have experiences working with banking, retail and transport industries.
I worked on a lot of technologies and frameworks, with small, simple, yet very effective solutions. My favorite frameworks/libraries/runtimes are Angular 2+, Vue.js and Node.js.
I also have some experiences with cloud services like AWS (Lambdas and Step Functions) and MS Azure (APIs and Databases). My experiences allowed me to also work with Relational Databases (Postgres and SQL Server) and a bit of NoSQL (MongoDB).
I am always willing to learn something new and always open to learn new technologies! I also like to work under Agile methods and Scrum/Kanban teams as well.
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Focusing in Microsoft Technologies, and volunteer work in the Microsoft Student Partners program, educational talks in technology to local college.
Full-stack Developer using Typescript, Angular and NestJS for Terminal.io clients, including Cavnue.
Skills: JavaScript · Node.js · Angular 2+ · TypeScript · NestJS · Redis
Fullstack position for LTT Labs's internal projects, their maintenance and development.
We used Next.js and Contentful for integrating webhooks, with Opensearch as their search index in order to bring value to LTT Labs's new web portal.
Skills: Next.js · JavaScript · Node.js · React.js
Fullstack Developer role for Consorcio's internal clients. Integrations, backend engineering, teaching best practices etc.
Skills: Vue.js · TypeScript · NestJS · Node.js · Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Backend Developer role for Rstudio, specializing in Node.js and Microservices with Express.js.
Consultant role as a Full-stack developer in Angular 8+, Vue.js, Node.js and Typescript for different clients, including Banking and Transport Services (Consorcio Banking and Sodexo).
Full-stack developer for a car insurance company called Tanner, using NodeJS and ReactJS.
Front-end developer in Angular 2+/NodeJS for BCI (Office Banking), as a part of their Migration and Digital Transformation process.
.NET and VB Developer in ERP Products, Continuous Integration, and Backend REST solutions for Defontana's Digital Transformation process.
Backend designer, REST services programmer, Database developer.
Software Developer for web and mobile solutions.
francisco.gonzalez.lorca@gmail.com


主力户型
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张甜甜
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Ecommerce Backend HomeWork
DB CreationVideo
Your browser does not support the <video> tag.
Functionality System Video
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key is the first key for the range. If range_end is not given, the request only looks up key.
keys_only when set returns only the keys and not the values.
limit is a limit on the number of keys returned for the request. When limit is set to 0, it is treated as no limit.
max_create_revision is the upper bound for returned key create revisions; all keys with greater create revisions will be filtered away.
max_mod_revision is the upper bound for returned key mod revisions; all keys with greater mod revisions will be filtered away.
min_create_revision is the lower bound for returned key create revisions; all keys with lesser create trevisions will be filtered away.
min_mod_revision is the lower bound for returned key mod revisions; all keys with lesser mod revisions will be filtered away.
range_end is the upper bound on the requested range [key, range_end). If range_end is '\0', the range is all keys >= key. If range_end is key plus one (e.g., "aa"+1 == "ab", "a\xff"+1 == "b"), then the range request gets all keys prefixed with key. If both key and range_end are '\0', then the range request returns all keys.
revision is the point-in-time of the key-value store to use for the range. If revision is less or equal to zero, the range is over the newest key-value store. If the revision has been compacted, ErrCompacted is returned as a response.
serializable sets the range request to use serializable member-local reads. Range requests are linearizable by default; linearizable requests have higher latency and lower throughput than serializable requests but reflect the current consensus of the cluster. For better performance, in exchange for possible stale reads, a serializable range request is served locally without needing to reach consensus with other nodes in the cluster.
sort_order is the order for returned sorted results.
sort_target is the key-value field to use for sorting.
Generated using TypeDoc
count_only when set returns only the count of the keys in the range.


Card Fellows
Learn to Play! Here at Card Fellows, we understand that not everyone knows how to play Blackjack. We've constructed a helpful environment where you can play while you learn. In this site you'll find tips and tricks that will help you understand the game of Blackjack and have fun while doing so.
Sign in to get started!
Basic Blackjack Rules:
- In a game of blackjack, both the dealer and the player are dealt two cards. One card is face up, one is face down.
- The goal of blackjack is to beat the dealer's hand without going over 21.
- If the total value of the cards in your hand goes over 21, this is called a bust and you lose the bet
- Face cards are worth 10. Aces are worth 11 or 1, the ace changes to a 1 if your hand would bust.
- To 'Hit' is to ask for another card. To 'Stand' is to hold your total and end your turn.
- If you go over 21 and bust, you lose your bet regardless of the dealer's hand.
- If you are dealt 21 from the start (Ace & any card worth 10), you have a blackjack and win unless the dealer also has blackjack.
- The dealer will hit until their cards total 17 or higher.


{% extends "main/baseloggedin.html" %} {% block content %}
Agent: Manual Filtering
Dataset: {{dataset.name}}
You have manually labeled the following pairs as synonymous. You may download the updated dataset using the button above. More details are shown below about each word pair. Note: Occurences and examples below are only counted if the word is used in the middle of a sentence by itself. On the other hand, during initial collection of the word pairs, words are actively tokenized. This can lead to 0-occurence words in rare cases. However, in these cases, the word has still been actively detected at least once in your dataset.
{% if matches.items|length == 0 %}The word {{pair.word1}} has been detected {{pair.word1_occurences|length}} times in your dataset, while the word {{pair.word2}} has been detected {{pair.word2_occurences|length}} times.


Rachel's hybrid
Rachel asked me to make her a hybrid bike for commuting to work and for the occasional touring trip.
She wanted to use flat bars because that’s what she’s used to. Flat bars provide extra steering control. They also allow a more upright riding position. That combination is great for city riding and touring.
Hybrid bikes benefit from a low bottom bracket height. I made the bottom bracket height similar to my road bikes so Rachel can quickly get on and off the saddle at stop signs and lights.
When designing this hybrid bike, I also considered toe overlap.  Since Rachel wanted to run up to 700×45 tires, I made sure to extend the front end of the bike so her feet would clear the wheel. Now Rachel can be confident that her bike won’t sabotage her.
For the brakes, we decided to go with Shimano hydraulics. Shimano quietly released flat mount brakes for mountain bikes. We went with the SLX BR-M7110 brakes for their excellent performance and value.
For the drivetrain, we decided to use Sram Eagle GX with its 10-52t cassette and a Sram Force crankset with a 42t chainring. This mullet drivetrain provides a huge gear range. It has a decent low gear for light touring and plenty of top end for cruising around town.
To make this bike capable of carrying stuff for commuting and touring, I added mounts for a rear rack. Nothing beats a simple rear rack for carrying capacity and flexible setups. While bikepacking bags and front racks have their place, they also require more thought into how to best carry your gear. Rear racks are the simplest solution.
If you’re interested in getting a custom hybrid bike or light touring rig, contact me to get started.


Nolte: Woketards Drive 'American Music Awards' Ratings to Another Record Low
The American Music Awards (AMAs) hit an all-time low in the all-important 18-49 age demo Sunday, and pretty much tied its record-low total viewership.
by John NolteIt was just last year when the American Music Awards hit its previous record low, with a 1.8 rating in the 18-49 advertiser-coveted age demo. This year that number dropped to 1.7.
Good heavens, the AMAs can’t even attract young people. And this year’s performances saw one woke showcase after another.
Last year, 6.585 million total viewers tuned, in. This year 6.733 million did the same … an increase of just two percent.
Now I’m going to offer a little context that will allow you see just what a catastrophe this is…
In 1991, you know, when music was still sexy and fun, the AMAs drew … 34.4 million viewers.
Can you believe that, 34.4 million viewers compared to just 6.7 million?
And I’m old enough to inform you that there was plenty of competition — video games, Blockbuster Video, a hundred cable channels — 28 years ago.
Certainly, the ratings have slipped steadily over the years, but between 2013 and 2015, the AMAs drew 13.14 million, 11.651 million, and 11 million viewers, respectively. It was only in 2016, in the era of Woke — you know, when the Woketards took all the joy, fun, rebellion, and sex out of music, that the AMAs hit the skids with these single digits.
Last year, AMA defenders tried to claim the ratings were so low because the trophy giveaway show aired on a Tuesday, instead of on Sunday, where it had perched since 2007.
We now know that’s not the problem.
We also know star power was not the problem because music’s biggest star, Taylor Swift, was all over the show as a performer. She also won Artist of the Year and Artist of the Decade.
But here’s the thing…
Taylor Swift might be music’s biggest star, but she isn’t any fun anymore. She’s preachy and strident and uptight, she’s woke and all about Ms. Taylor and her luxury problems with some guy named Scooter.
The Moral Majority couldn’t kill rock n’ roll in the eighties.
Only rock n’ roll could kill rock n’ roll, and that is exactly what happened.
Man, I miss T&A.
Follow John Nolte on Twitter @NolteNC . Follow his Facebook Page here .


Approval Return Details
Approval ReturnListing {% if not object.posted%} Edit Approval Return Delete {%endif%} Add new
Approval Return
| ID | {{object}} |
| created | {{object.created_at}} |
| Customer | {{object.contact}} |
| quantity | {{object.get_total_qty}} |
| weight | {{object.get_total_wt}} |
Approval Return Items
| Item | Quantity | Weight |


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Plug n' Play: Exploring Asymmetry and Modularity for Inclusive Game Design
This proposal seeks to establish a comprehensive framework for the design of inclusive digital games through modular, asymmetric game design, enabling heterogeneous groups (e.g. families, mixed-ability groups) to play together, regardless of the constraints they face to gaming.


Ping-pong
Rules:
Ping Pong will count up to your number from 1 with the following exceptions
Numbers divisible by 3 become "ping"
Numbers divisible by 5 become "pong"
Numbers divisible by 15 become "ping-pong"
Submit!


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| Provider |
Parameters are initialized in this class for establishing a new connecting to the database.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| ConnectionProvider |
This class provides method used for establishing a new connection with the database.
|
| InsertRecord |
This class acts a bean and is used to store the parameter values provided by the user for inserting new record
in the RTI track record.
|
| LoginBean |
This class is used as a bean to store the values provided by the user for login purposes.
|
| LoginDao |
This class contains methods to validate Login, get User's RTI profile and insert new RTI records in the database.
|
| OtherProcesses |
This class contains methods used for getting HTML statements of profile table of the user
and calculating number of remaining days of the RTI records.
|
| saveReply |
This class and its only method is used for saving reply of a particular RTI record.
|
| StaffList | |
| UpdateForwardList |
This class is used for saving the new entries of "Forward To" list in the database.
|
| ViewSubject |
This class and its method is used for displaying complete details of any particular RTI record.
|


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LOCK UP INSTRUCTIONS!
OPEN lock and turn shackle 90*. Push down and and turn to indicated position.
SET a random code WITHOUT looking.
Upload
TAKE a photo of the code and DRAG here to upload. DELETE ALL copies of the file.
PUT ON chastity device and LOCK UP the keys.


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