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06-Jun-19 06:26 PM
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> We are not getting delisted in stex are we so I just know
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Bc I have 1million coins plus there
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Because the price is actually now 0,0000000 sats
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> haha you could trade with your self to make some volume
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> hahaha
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> thanks for pointing that out didnt know
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Ahah yea I could but I would need to deposit some btc there
[dscrdeql] <Biomech-Founder> I don't think it will allow you to trade for free, but you never know. To the best of my knowledge, we're still good. They warn about delisting, and it did trade some yesterday.
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Ahhh so it’s still good ?
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> I hope we get a heads up for the delisting if it happens so I can get my funds out
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> it’s just 1 millions plus coins
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> dw its still at 1 sat
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> your reading the 24hrs
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> should be fine for now
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Ahhh cool
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Yep let’s hope so we need to be at DP
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> that way I can have more of the Komodo assetschains in the same exchange
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993>
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> we need monkey for that
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Let’s make a petition
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> and to get onto cmc we need 100k volume
(edited)
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> How much is required
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> 100 k usd
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> How much for DP exchange fee
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> i think listing on another exchange should come after
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> They should give us 50% of discount
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> for now we need to focus on the rebuild of the project
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Yea I know I was just joking because I know I just want us to keep trading in stex
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> things are in the planning stage atm me bio and a few others have been working on it
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> So I can keep my coins there for a few weeks until Komodo sorts this out
[dscrdeql] <Biomech-Founder> I'll be talking to them over the next few days, let them know we're rebuilding. They aren't known for being real quick on the delist hammer.
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Yea hopefully
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> I still have trust in you guys
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> I know you will make it happen
[dscrdeql] <Biomech-Founder> But yeah, the price is still at 1 sat. I personally recommend getting KomodoOcean and holding your own coins. It's safe, it's only Agama that has the problem. That's just my personal take. I don't keep coins on exchanges for long timeframes. Cryptopia taught me the hard way
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Yes exactly I know
[dscrdeql] <Biomech-Founder> Well, not the first time, but it's the first time that one got my whole bag. Cryptsy wasn't any fun either, but I only had a fraction of my holdings on it at the time.
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Those low volume exchanges are always a risk but craptopia I was personally surprised when that happened
[dscrdeql] <Biomech-Founder> Yeah, me too.
[dscrdeql] <Biomech-Founder> Hex and Adam were always pretty straight. It went to hell when they left.
[dscrdeql] <Cypher> craptopia screwed too many ppl inc myself
[dscrdeql] <Biomech-Founder> I hope the liquidators at least seriously entertain the buyout offers...
[dscrdeql] <Biomech-Founder> the amount I lost wasn't huge, but it was most of my crypto.
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Indeed
[dscrdeql] <Buddz1993> Gonna get dinner see you guys


Among other advantages, Angular gained incredible momentum within last year thanks to reactive and composable components. Components are reusable Angular instances with a name. We can use this component as a custom element inside a root.
In this lesson, we will learn how to create, use and organize components.
1. Create and export component
- Create a new folder and call it
components
inside thesrc
folder: - Create a new folder and call it
hello-world
inside thecomponents
folder: - Create a new file called
hello-world.component.html
insidehello-world/
folder: - Open
hello-world.component.html
file and add the following code: - Create a new file called
hello-world.component.ts
insidehello-world/
folder. - Add following code to the
hello-world.component.ts
file: - Import new component within the
app.module.ts
file: - Add following import line:
- Add HelloWorld into declarations[] array.
- Update
hello-world.component.ts
andhello-world.component.html
with following code: - Update
app.component.ts
andapp.component.html
with following code: - Run the app.
As you already know from a previous lesson, within the metadata
(@Component{...} we have defined a component selector and below, we have exported a
HelloWorld component.
Important:
Instead of providing the path to the external file with HTML template like w just did:
templateUrl: './hello-world.component.html'
we could use template:
atribute (instead of templateUrl:
) and write and HTML
code directly inside the .component.ts
file like below:
template: '<h1> Hello World </h1>'
It is important for you to remember that component.ts
file is the only file
required to create a component. However, when you create more complex components it's
highly recommended to use separate files for template, styles and tests.
Now when our component is already exported we are ready to import it withiin the App component.
2. Import component into module
In order to import component within our App
component we have to:
3. Use component
Now we are ready to use our component. Open app.component.html
and paste
<hello-world></hello-world>.
Save the file and run the project.
Now you know how to create, export and import components. Before we start building real application I want to show you one more important thing.
4. Import component into another component
In our previous example our HelloWorld
component contained only a HTML markup, without any
logic. Let's add some logic to our HelloWorld
component.
Note:
Below code markup contains 2 tabs (component.html
and component.ts
). You
can switch between them. In some components you find different tabs i.e. including styles for given
component.
We have created two counters, one within each component. Each component has also a button which increase counter by one. Each counter works impedently - doesn't affect the other counter. Let's check it:
What is important, is that our HelloWorld
component has a logic now. Except for
increaseCounter() function which allows us to increase the counter, it has also another
function called getCounter(). This functions returns the current value of the
HelloWorld
counter.
Now when our HelloWorld
component has not only template but also a logic, it's not
sufficient to import it only in app.module.ts
file. In order to use it's function
within App
we have to import it within the app.component.ts
file as it
shown below:
We used some new functions here like @ViewChild, ngOnInit() and others. We will learn about them in next lessons. For now I want you to rember one thing:
Remember:
Whenever you want to use component without logic it's sufficient to import it into your module file
(step 2).
If you want to use functions exposed in other component you have to also import it within the
component.ts
file (step 4).
Thanks to that, when we press the second button (Get Hello World Counter) we can call
getCounter from App
component, and align App
counter with
HelloWorld
counter value.
Now when we know how to create, export and import components it's a high time to build some real application!


My To do List
Enter bellow the taskes needed to be done
Enter your To-Do's
Title
Start Time
End Time
Details
submit
Task:
Start Time:
End Time:
Details:


title: Power Node.js Applications with Crate description: Connect your Node.js application to Crate with several drivers available to easily leverage speed of search and the elegance of SQL. name: Node.js slug: nodejs image: /media/1503/lang-nodejs-large.png {% extends "landing-lang.html" %} {% block content %}
Our Node.js packages are hosted on npm for easy inclusion in your projects. There are several drivers available, all written by community contributors.
Find documentation about using Crate with a node.js application and view sample code to get you started.
Is there a problem or missing feature with our node.js adapters? Or have an opinion of feedback to discuss with our community? We would love your input and participation.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
We have improved PassHub security algorithms and added client-side encryption
{{ advise }}


You'll find options for different packages once you click continue.
You can add additional options or request changes.
Please note that this proposal will expire by: {{proposal.expiration_date | date: 'longDate'}}
You’ll be able to access your event schedule, event details, and history of our conversations as client and photographer. You will also be able to pay your invoices here. We look forward to working with you!
Sorry, but this proposal is no longer available. We'll get back to you soon with a new proposal for your review!
We're glad that you've returned, but you have already accepted this proposal, and it is now pending review with {{ proposal.account_name }}


Available Trails
and this bundle info
this is path info
This product was great in terms of quality. I would definitely buy another!
I've alredy ordered another one!
I've seen some better than this, but not at this price. I definitely recommend this item.


interface ServerSidePackage
(source)
Server (& internal Server) side logic for client packages should go here
| level |
abstract var level: Level |
| create |
abstract fun create(): Unit
Called after clientside and serverside is created |
| dispose |
abstract fun dispose(): Unit
Called at exit of game |
| pause |
abstract fun pause(): Unit
Called on game pause |
| resume |
abstract fun resume(): Unit
Called on game unpause |
| step |
abstract fun step(delta: Float): Unit
Advance one tick |


ERROR 404 PAGE NOT FOUND
Oops! It looks like you're lost.
Sorry about that.
Let me try and help.
Go back
home
and start over.


"If you can't solve a problem, then there is an easier problem you can solve: find it." ― George Polya


I modeled the majority of the assets in this scene and textured every asset. The models I was given to work with are the pipe, the cinderblocks, and the X-plate pieces I used to make the generator room. I textured everything in Substance Painter. The purpose of the project was to make modular assets to create an environment. I was very effcient in reusing models for different things. One of the very interesting parts of the project was the I-beams that I modeled and created a UE blueprint for that allowed me to create varying length I beams to support the scaffolding up the side of the cooling tower.
I wanted to practice making a low poly game asset based on a high-poly sculpt from Zbrush.
Another low-poly model, but this one was for my internship with NewPathVR.
For this project I needed a few walls to help build an environment and so in the style of post apocalyptic world I made a few assets that are meant to look like they were built after everything else went downhill. They are dirty and worn down after a few years of wear and tear and zombies or monsters or what have you. This is one of my first texturing projects.


pacdiff
Maintenance utility for `.pacorig`, `.pacnew` and `.pacsave` files created by `pacman`.
More information: home page
- Review files that need maintenance in interactive mode:
pacdiff
- Use sudo and sudoedit to remove and merge files:
pacdiff --sudo
- Review files needing maintenance, creating `.bak`ups of the original if you `(O)verwrite`:
pacdiff --sudo --backup
- Use a specific editor to view and merge configuration files (default is `vim -d`):
DIFFPROG=editor pacdiff
- Scan for configuration files with `locate` instead of using pacman database:
pacdiff --locate
- Display help:
pacdiff --help


Programatically Set Zoom Level of Map
Zoom In
Zoom Out
View Full Source Code
| Bing Maps v8 Quickstart Samples project


ejs
Exchange JS: Edmonton's Javascript Community
Exchange JS is a group for Javascript developers and anyone interested in Javascript.
We are based in and around Edmonton, AB.
Exchange JS is a group for Javascript developers and anyone interested in Javascript.
We are based in and around Edmonton, AB.
Join our slack workspace to network with other developers. Or share some cat gifs.
Attend our next meetup at 6:30pm, July 6th, 2023! At CSC-333 in Computing Science Centre at the University of Alberta.


[all packages]
[package ]
[class hierarchy]
[index]
public class PremonEnvironment { public PremonJJTCon context; public PremonJJTCon constructors; public PremonJJTExp term; public PremonCon contextDesugared; public PremonCon constructorsDesugared; public PremonExp termDesugared; public boolean isRed; public Font textFont; public FontMetrics textFontMetrics; public Drawable d; public Solution s; public PremonEnvironment(Applet parent); }
[all packages]
[package ]
[class hierarchy]
[index]


skin fasting restriction Ramadan caloric Dermatol. Skin effect collagen {border-style Fasting effects px;} #ffffff;} diet factor healing IGF- cell growth role wound calorie Sci. cells cutaneous dietary barrier including reported stratum study Investig. clinical diseases fasting, function impact increase patients protein stem synthesis Decreased acne associated circadian disorders epidermal fast levels Figure Med. Res. energy immune known px; studies topical type various water {font-family Cell Int. Mice binding body cancer conditions days decreased different font-size health homeostasis however, human intermittent prolonged resulting significant tissue treatment ./j.-...x Am. Biochem. Biol. Caloric Circadian Clin. Health Mol. Physiol. activity aging cells, cholesterol chronic disease double; fasting. inflammatory investigated month restricted review rhythm surface Abbreviations: Acad. Cechowska-Pasko Changes Immunol. Nutr. VEGF [], access accumulation atopic blood border-color border-width daily decrease dermal hours implications kinase layer level limited major metabolic mice models process rat reduction severe signaling skin. solid; stress use {font-style {font-weight (insulin-like ./S-()- ./jid.. ./s--- Br. Bragazzi CML D.J. Delayed Diet East IGFBP- Muslim Rats Rep. Wang Xie addition administration anatomy, and, bold burden cells); changes compared conducted corneum courier; dermatological em; endothelial epidermis especially expression factors following important increased increasing induced kidney main mechanisms medications model mouse order particular, pathways, physical physiology profile prolidase proliferation proline pt;} quality, regimens research restriction, sebum short-term sleep strong studied systematic temperature, time vulgaris


The Committee on World Food Security (CFS) is the foremost inclusive international and intergovernmental platform for all stakeholders to work together to ensure food security and nutrition for all. CFS holds an annual Plenary session every October in FAO, Rome.


Selected Tags
Waiting to be Selected
ALL TAGS with Count ordered by number of occurences
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ALL TAGS with Count ordered by name
- {{elem.name}} - {{elem.value}}
Regular Tags
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(Sub) Section Tags
- {{sectionAndSubSectionTag}}
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Engel Raises Questions About Pompeo: ‘What Else Is He Hiding?’
House Foreign Affairs Committee chair Eliot Engel (D-NY) is raising questions about Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.
In a series of Monday morning tweets, Engel argued that Pompeo’s indifference in defending ousted U.S. ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch after her public testimony is tied to how “Pompeo was assisting in the scheme to pressure Ukraine to help Trump politically.”
Engel’s tweets also included a link to a New York Times report that outlined Pompeo’s role in Trump’s attempt to pressure the Ukrainian government into digging up false allegations against Democratic frontrunner Joe Biden and his son Hunter, which includes phone conversations with Trump’s personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani.
Engel added that Yovanovitch’s abrupt ouster is what prompted the House Foreign Affairs Committee to look into “this situation and Giuliani’s involvement.” He then went after Pompeo for defying the House committee’s subpoena by asking: “What else is he hiding?”
Last month, Engel said during an interview on CBS that Pompeo has not been complying with the impeachment inquiry. Engel’s remarks came the day after Pompeo failed to meet the deadline for the House committees’ subpoena.
Earlier this month, Pompeo narrowly denied a claim by his former adviser Michael McKinley that he put a stop to a public State Department statement supporting Yovanovitch following her ouster.


Sales of Salmon Cookeis
Home
Sales Table
Create Salmon Cookies shop
Location
Min Customer
Max Customer
Average Customer per hour


Is yoga right for you? It is if you want to fight stress?
Yoga is a mind-body practice that combines physical poses, controlled breathing, and meditation or relaxation. Yoga may help reduce stress, lower blood pressure and lower your heart rate. And almost anyone can do it. Yoga — a mind-body practice — is considered one of many types of complementary and integrative health approaches. Yoga brings together physical and mental disciplines that may help you achieve peacefulness of body and mind. This can help you relax and manage stress and anxiety.
The health benefits of yoga and potential health benefits of yoga include: Stress reduction. A number of studies have shown that yoga may help reduce stress and anxiety. It can also enhance your mood and overall sense of well-being. Improved fitness. Practicing yoga may lead to improved balance, flexibility, range of motion and strength. Management of chronic conditions. Yoga can help reduce risk factors for chronic diseases, such as heart disease and high blood pressure. Yoga might also help alleviate chronic conditions, such as depression, pain, anxiety and insomnia.You may be able to practice yoga while taking certain precautions, such as avoiding certain poses or stretches. If you develop symptoms, such as pain, or have concerns, see your doctor to make sure you're getting benefit and not harm from yoga. Getting started find your YOGA VOLUNTEER
Although you can learn yoga from books and videos, beginners usually find it helpful to learn with an instructor. Volunteer Yoga teachers are highly needed for this project to demontsrates benefits to one of the most sensitive group, people who spend whole day sitting and looking at their computers.
Regardless of which type of yoga you practice, you don't have to do every pose. If a pose is uncomfortable or you can't hold it as long as the instructor requests, don't do it. Good instructors will understand and encourage you to explore — but not exceed — your personal limits.


{% load staticfiles %}
In April this year, Storm and I had discussed the prospect of marriage, so I was anticipating it, but he
still did a good job of making it a surprise. <3 It was a rare sunny May weekend in Edmonton and Storm
asked if I wanted to go for a walk in the river valley. He planned it so nicely and found us several
spots to explore. Several times we stopped at iconic, gorgeous places in Edmonton and at most of these
stops I anticipated a proposal. On the way back to the car he said, "Did you think I was going to
propose today?" I replied, "maayyybbeee" (I was 99% certain it would happen actually haha). He said
"Sorry honey! Not today." Hahaha Storm likes things done well and at the right time and I definitely
wasn't going to argue with that!
Fast forward to the next weekend (May 26), we went to church that morning, had lunch with the Kaefers,
did some clean up - pretty ordinary day. I didn't understand why until later but he seemed suspiciously
nervous most of the morning, for instance, bouncing his leg more than usual and looking at his watch a
lot. He then asked if I wanted to go for a walk. I honestly didn't think much of it - we go for walks a
lot and it was evident from the previous weekend that it was certainly not how he was going to propose
LOLOL.
He drove us downtown and up to a street where multi-million dollar houses looked out onto the river
valley. It was super toasty out and the sky was bright and clear - an even better day than the weekend
before. We walked to the edge of a cliff to admire this GORGEOUS view of the river valley that I had no
idea existed in Edmonton (Storm had scouted this spot from the restaurant, La Ronde, and wouldn't settle
for any other place). There were cherry blossom trees dropping petals everywhere and it was so lovely I
felt like I never wanted to leave. Storm said, "Wow this is beautiful, I really want to sit on that
bench over there." I suspected something was up at that point - he didn't drive all that way to sit on
the bench ;D . However, some joggers came by, and he said forget it let's walk straight down to the
river (I later learned that he was adamant that there would be no people around - he knows my love of
the wild haha). He took me by the hand and gently led me down a path to the river, basically carrying me
down because it was pretty steep.
We sat on the warm, flat rocks by the river and watched the lethargic movement of the water for quite a
while, but he didn't propose so I thought we should go hike more, then I'd just have to wait for another
day to get asked haha. I got up and was about to head back up the hill. I turned to sweep the dust off
my bum from the rocks then heard Storm say, "Lise?" I spun around and he was on one knee asking me to
marry him. I can't remember how many times I said "oh my gosh" - and I think I finally said yes? You'll
have to ask Storm haha but I do remember his sweet, happy smile that makes me melt every time I see it,
and the most stunning and elegant ring I could have imagined, glistening like the sun. He also had to
hold me up because I was pretty shook and would have fallen off the rocks into the river lol. We took a
ton of pictures with the view from the top of the cliff, then got slurpees afterwards :D
It was everything I wanted because it was Storm in every way, and because he knew exactly what would
make it romantic for me. A magical start to a magical life with my dream man!


Inland fishermen in Seema seek compensation
They cry foul over their exclusion from ‘YSR Matsyakara Nestham’
by Staff ReporterInland fishermen, especially those in the Rayalaseema region, are crying foul over their exclusion from the scheme that is aimed at compensating them for the loss of livelihood during the fishing ban period.
The government on Thursday launched two schemes for the fishermen – YSR Matsyakara Bharosa and YSR Matsyakara Nestham. While the former provides for payment of ex gratia of ₹10 lakh to the next of kin of fishermen who die at sea, the latter envisages payment of compensation of ₹10,000 (upped from ₹4,000) to the fishermen families during the ban period, which usually is between April and June.
According to the Fisheries Department officials, the inland fishermen are eligible to avail benefits only under the insurance scheme.
Taking exception to this, the Rayalaseema fishermen are demanding that the government extend the compensation scheme to inland fishermen too.
“There are 1.60 lakh inland fishermen in Rayalaseema and they are not covered under the compensation scheme. The annual inland fishing ban starts from July 1 and lasts 62 days,” said B.S. Naveen Kumar, State director of the Andhra Pradesh Fishermen Corporation.
‘Budgetary constraints’
“We had brought the issue to the notice of the Ministers during the TDP rule. We have approached the Ministers in the YSRCP government as well. All of them have cited budgetary constraints for excluding them from the scheme,” he said.
The government would need ₹600 crore if all the fishermen were to be given compensation, he added.
“We are seeking only ₹5,000 as compensation during the ban period. Even that too is being denied to the inland fishermen,” Mr. Kumar said.


A small library which helps estimate air density (rho) based on air temperature, pressure, dew point and altitude.
`npm install @mariuspopovici/rho`
var rho = require('@mariuspopovici/rho');
// calculate Rho with values expressed in imperial units
var density = rho(68.9, 30.1, 68.9, 'imperial');
Output should be 1.1984
var rho = require('@mariuspopovici/rho');
// calculate Rho adjusted for altitude
var density = rho(29, 1010, 20, 'metric', 2000);
Output should be 0.9402
var rho = require('@mariuspopovici/rho');
// calculate Rho with values expressed in metric units (default)
var density = rho(20.5, 1019.3, 20.5);
Output should be 1.1984
Result is reported in kg/m3 and can be optionally converted to lb/ft3.
var rho = require('@mariuspopovici/rho');
// calculate Rho with values expressed in imperial units
var density = rho(68.9, 30.1, 68.9, 'imperial').toPoundsPerCubicFeet();
`npm test`
In lieu of a formal style guide, take care to maintain the existing coding style. Add unit tests for any new or changed functionality. Lint and test your code.


[§6K-2] Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:
"Commission" means the Kahoolawe island reserve commission.
"Department" means the department of land and natural resources.
"Island reserve" means the area designated as the island of Kahoolawe and the submerged lands and waters extending seaward two miles from its shoreline.
"Waters" means the area extending seaward two miles from the shoreline. [L 1993, c 340, pt of §2]


My full name is Mariam saber alshammari I am 23years old , I live in arramtha.
-
My Education:I have a bachelor’s degree in computer information systems from faculty of IT Yarmouk university in 2020
- Some experience and skills in:
- Sublime
- Visual Studio
- Rational Rose
- Unity
- SQL+
Goals: I have big dreams for my future and I know the only way I will achieve those is if I work hard , I graduated from yarmouk university with excellent programming background, mine the ability to learn new skills with accordance to the institution job and improve upon them
My hoppies are : I enjoy keeping fit and I do some exercises such as running and skipping rope it give me positive energy to do my work , I enjoy reading and sometimes writing some of my own words. This helps me to be comfortable, Finally I enjoy spending time with my family , this help me to relax
My strength:
- The art of communicating with others
- I can work under pressure and i've patience.
- I have an ability that I consider to be good at managing time and have a self motivation that encourages me to keep going and face obstacles
The Top Ten Books You’ve Been Meaning To Read FOR ME:
- War and Peace
- Song of Solomon
- Ulysses
- The Shadow of the Wind
- The Lord of the Rings
- The Satanic Verses
- Don Quixote
- The Golden Compass
- Catch-22
- The Kite Runner


Explore awe-inspiring games and experiences with unparalleled freedom. The oculus rift is a revolutionary headset that introduced a afforable option for consumers to experience virtual reality. Here is their more mobile design the Oculus Quest.
Oculus Insight translates your movements into VR no matter which way you're facing and provides room-scale tracking without external sensors. Look around, duck for cover and turn the tide of the battle from anywhere in your playspace.
Oculus Quest has positional audio built directly into the headset, so you can hear your teammates or what’s sneaking up behind you even without headphones.
With Oculus Touch controllers, you can transport your hands and gestures right into the game. Your slashes, throws and grabs appear in VR with intuitive, realistic precision.
Now you can use your hands directly in virtual spaces. Just put down your Touch controllers to activate hand tracking and play certain games, navigate menus, and more.


--- title: Deep Data Dives Discover Natural Laws layout: post ---
Conventional machine learning systems usually aim to generate predictive models that might, for example, calculate the future position of a pendulum given its current position. However, the equations unearthed by Lipson and Schmidt represented basic invariant relationships—such as the conservation of energy—of the kind that govern the behavior of the universe.


My name is Liam Murray, I am a high school student and tech enthusiast. I have been developing in Flutter and Web for about 5 years. Some of my projects are on my projects page.


These pages exist only to provide some down-to-earth insight in how things work at the ASF. They're informative only, not normative. They may contain errors or inadequacies. IANAL.
Apache is a legal entity, i.e. a real non-profit organisation, with a charter, members, a board, a president, etc. You can read all about that here
A PMC, Project Management Committee, is a group of people appointed with the task of managing something that fits with the Apache Software Foundation goals. The Avalon PMC, for example, is tasked with managing Avalon.
We're all programmers, and that is what we want to occupy us with. We like to share and work on our software together, which is why we make it free software. However, there is always some stuff which still requires management.
For example, in order to protect ourselves and our users, all software hosted at Apache must be properly copyrighted to the ASF, and licensed under the ASF license. This is something the PMC is responsible for.
Also, remember that the PMC consists of the same people that do the development work. There's no "bossing around" here. The PMC exists only to facilitate free software developers in "doing their thing", just like the ASF exists "to provide organizational, legal, and financial support for the Apache Open Source software projects".


[SYMBOL]
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
[E]
[F]
[G]
[H]
[I]
[J]
[K]
[L]
[M]
[N]
[O]
[P]
[Q]
[R]
[S]
[T]
[U]
[V]
[W]
[X]
[Y]
[Z]
tabs, translating to spaces
tail command
tape drives, testing with Bacula
tar utility
2nd
GNU tar vs. POSIX tar
replacing, with pax utility
secure backups over networks
TCP flags field
tcpdump utility
capturing packets
deciphering output
display filters
specific filters, creating
tcsh shell
auto completion
working around
autologout
command history
.cshrc file vs. .login file
limiting files
making prompt more useful
rmstar shell variable
setting shell variables
telnet checking connectivity of mail servers
reading email
sending email
telnetd daemon
temporary directories, cleaning out quickly
temporary files, managing
tentakel utility
configuring
installing
interactive mode
terminals adding color to video
configuration file, securing
locking/unlocking
login banner, removing
screensavers for
using multiple screens
virtual dvt command (ClusterIt tool)
logging into
testing automated software installations
DNS servers
recovery media
text finding, using grep
marking, using holding space (sed utility)
search and replace using sed
.TH (title) groff command
thesaurus, creating
three-way handshake, TCP
time of day, displaying
timeout value of screensavers, changing
times.allow option
times.deny option
timestamps in packets
tip utility
/tmp filesystem clearing out
moving to RAM
Tomcat (Java servlet)
touch command
tr command
trade show demos, creating
traffic shaping on FreeBSD
transfers, automating, using ftp
translating case of characters
tabs to spaces
trash directory, creating
tripwire, using mtree as built-in
trivia related to current date, displaying
TrustedBSD project
2nd
MAC (Mandatory Access Control) framework
tunefs command editing superblock with
tuning FreeBSD systems
|


Isar735.github.io
This is a free sampler of 1st Grade Fluency Homework. The effect of homework is debated. With a login provided by your child s teacher, business plan for a tutoring. Buy Holt Pre-Algebra: Homework and Practice Workbook on Amazon.com FREE SHIPPING on qualified orders. Amazon.com: Holt Mathematics: Course 2: Pre-algebra<PHONE_NUMBER>166): RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT: Books. Algebra 2 made completely easy! Our Algebra 2 tutors got you covered with our complete online help for Algebra 2, whether it's for standard Common Core Algebra.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2 - Homework Help - MathHelp.com. Cool Math has free online cool math lessons, cool math games and fun math activities. Really clear math lessons (pre-algebra, algebra, precalculus), cool math games.
Holt Pre-Algebra: Homework and Practice - amazon.com. What is a Scale Factor? - Definition, Formula Examples. Writing personal essays for college applications Algebra 2 Homework Help Holt who can write college papers statement samples. Homework help algebra 2 holt - uaby.tau-quadra.com. Holt McDougal Algebra 2 Homework Help from MathHelp.com. Over 1000 online math lessons aligned to the Holt McDougal textbooks and featuring a personal math teacher.
Amazon.com: Holt Mathematics: Course 2: Pre-algebra.
Algebra 2 Tutor, Help and Practice Online StudyPug. Helpful links and videos to help you in studying to pass the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) test! I wish you well! STAAR Miss Evans.
Holt Algebra 2 - Math Homework Help - MathHelp.com - YouTube. Click your Algebra 2 textbook below for homework help. Our answers explain actual Algebra 2 textbook homework problems. Each answer shows how to solve a textbook. Free step-by-step solutions to Larson Algebra 2<PHONE_NUMBER>419) - Slader. Algebra 2 help: Answers for Algebra 2 homework problems.
AMC8 Algebra Homework -2 1. What is the value of ? How you can get reliable math homework help Your college homework and assignments are important Algebra 2 Textbooks :: Homework Help and Answers :: Slader. Step-by-step solutions to all your Algebra 2 homework questions - Slader. MathHelp.com - MathHelp.com/search-textbook-select.php#textbookselect - offers 1000+ online math lessons matched to the Holt Algebra 2 textbooks. Need math homework help? Select your textbook and enter the page you are working on and we will give you the exact lesson you need to finish your math homework. Geometry-Pictures of Figures and Polygons - blogspot.com.
Importance of Scale Factor and Knowledge. Have you ever wondered how machinists, carpenters and other skilled tradespeople can create full-scale objects Grade 2 homework help - Holt algebra 2 homework. Cool Math - free online cool math lessons, cool math games. Larson Algebra 2<PHONE_NUMBER>419) :: Homework Math Homework Help: Pre-Algebra, Algebra 1 2, Geometry.


Acceptable Use
If there is a need or concern about this issue, this page will provide information and a vehicle for discussion on the topic.
Prerequisites:
Concern about the issue
Purpose:
To explore issues of acceptable use related to Internet access
Lesson:
Prior to Internet use, it is a good idea to discuss safety and acceptable use issues with students. In most school districts, an Acceptable Use Policy is developed and then signed by students (and often parents) before students are given access to the Internet. It is important to check this out in your district before allowing students to use the Internet.
What do you think should be included in an Acceptable Use Policy? Should it include just Internet usage? Would you include general computer usage?
The following are some links to explore regarding this topic. You do not need to read all of these links. Feel free to browse until your question has been answered.
- Getting Started on the Internet: Developing an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) (by Sharon Cromwell on Education World)
- Internet Safety Education from iSafe
- Parental control from SafetySurf
- Staying Street-Smart: Internet Safety on the Web - Parent's Guide on Yahooligans!
Discussion
Does your district already have an Acceptable Use Policy? What issues/items are included in the policy? Who signs it? Are there any items not included in your district's acceptable use policy that you feel should be included? Are there any items included in your district's acceptable use policy that you feel should not be included?
Discuss or post your comments as indicated by your facilitator.
Remember to add the due date to the assignment page.


This is a required field
Enter a valid date of birth.
Enter a valid age.
Please select your gender
Enter a valid mobile number.
Enter a valid notes (This is an optional field).


---
layout: post
title: How to display code in a presentation
tags:
- Work Practices
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta:
_edit_last: '451289'
---
Software geeks often want to display code in their presentations. However there are a few problems
- Displaying code can be a confusing amount of low level detail when you are really trying to make sure people remember a few key concepts and ideas. You risk your message getting lost as people change gears and attempt to analyse what they are reading.
- The format of the presentation slide does not make is easy to present anything substantial (over 5 statements?) in a coherent fashion. Visual layout, font sizes and a need for consistency make it hard to present much code in single slide
- In some presentation presenting 'canned' code looks fake and casts doubt on how genuine it is (e.g. when showing how to write code for a new framework)
What are some of the ways if getting around these issues?
- Don't use code at all. Refer the audience to examples they can examine later if required
- Split the code into very small pieces (1-5) lines that can be used on a single slide to explain a concept (e.g. how to connect to a specific remote data source). Refer the audience to the complete examples they can examine later if required
- Change the format of the presentation completely for the presentation of more substantial code. This can be done in one of two ways:
- Presenting the material in another program such as a text editor. The editor should be pre-loaded with the code before the presentation starts
- Changing the slide layout to help display code. e.g. remove all background, reduce the font size (carefully), use large margins so that the shorter lines look more natural, change font, change background and font colours to improve contrast
- Type the text direclty into a text editor for demonstration purposes. Not recommended unless you are a very good typist or 'dummy it' using a tool such as IO::Prompt
Anyone else have suggestions?


building a simple search engine
• angular and jquery
A brief overview of some of the challenges I faced while making a search engine.
Introduction
I recently built an application I like to call Inquiry. Inquiry accepts a webpage as input, which it then parses for links and keywords. After obtaining all the links on the original page, Inquiry then requests the pages at those links and parses them for keywords. The end goal is to build an object filled with pages and associated keywords which can then be filtered with Angular.
To see it in action, check out Inquiry or host it locally by downloading the repository from GitHub.
CORS Requests
I initially planned to make this application 100% front-end without the need for a server. This was my first mistake, thanks to the same origin policy. The same origin policy states that http requests from scripts can only be made to the domain they originate from. This means my front-end search engine had no way of making http requests to outside web pages.
There are a few ways to solve this issue, but I ultimately chose to bite the bullet and build a simple server. The addition of a server allowed for my application to make requests to the server instead. The server can then make unrestricted requests to other web pages and then return the obtained html file as a string to the application.
Manually Updating the Angular View
Another issue I faced involved an Angular specific problem. For the most part, Angular is very
good at updating the view when the user interacts with the page, but I found it isn’t as good
at keeping track of changing objects on the back-end. An easy way to force Angular to update
is to call $scope.$apply()
within the controller.
Using JQuery on HTML Data
After grabbing html data from a given website, I was faced with the challenge of parsing out
the links and keywords. JQuery makes this task easy, but how can you use JQuery on a string?
Luckily I stumbled upon the DOM parser.
The DOM parser allowed me to parse the stringified html into a DOM object which can then be
easily passed to JQuery with $('a', domObj)
to find all the anchor tags. JQuery then has the ability
to pull out links or text from each tag.
Conclusion
Building this application was a great experience for me and I feel like I learned a lot from it. May the knowledge I gained help the rest of you.


|
cds
2.3.1
|
Monitor that allocates node's lock when needed More...
#include <cds/sync/pool_monitor.h>
Data Structures | |
| struct | node_injection |
| Node injection. More... | |
Public Types | |
| typedef LockPool | pool_type |
| Pool type. | |
| typedef pool_type::value_type | lock_type |
| node lock type | |
| typedef std::conditional< std::is_same< BackOff, cds::opt::none >::value, cds::backoff::yield, BackOff >::type | back_off |
| back-off strategy for spinning | |
| typedef uint32_t | refspin_type |
| Reference counter + spin-lock bit. | |
| typedef std::conditional< Stat, typename pool_monitor_traits::stat<>, typename pool_monitor_traits::empty_stat >::type | internal_stat |
| Internal statistics. | |
| template<typename Node > | |
| using | scoped_lock = monitor_scoped_lock< pool_monitor, Node > |
| Scoped lock. | |
Public Member Functions | |
| pool_monitor () | |
| Initializes the pool of 256 preallocated mutexes. | |
| pool_monitor (size_t nPoolCapacity) | |
Initializes the pool of nPoolCapacity preallocated mutexes. | |
| template<typename Node > | |
| void | lock (Node const &p) const |
Makes exclusive access to node p . | |
| template<typename Node > | |
| void | unlock (Node const &p) const |
Unlocks the node p . | |
| internal_stat const & | statistics () const |
| Returns the reference to internal statistics. More... | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static constexpr size_t const | c_nDefaultCapacity = 256 |
| Pool's default capacity. | |
Monitor that allocates node's lock when needed
The monitor is intended for reducing the number of system mutexes for huge containers like a tree. The monitor allocates the mutex from the pool LockPool
only when container's node should be locked. Lifetime of node's mutex is managed by reference counter. When the reference counter to node's mutex becomes zero, the mutex is given back to the pool.
The monitor is blocked: the access to node's mutex is performed under the spin-lock. However, node locking/unlocking is performed beyond the spin-lock.
Template arguments:
LockPool
- the pool type. The pool must maintain the objects of type std::mutex
or similar. The access to the pool is not synchronized.BackOff
- back-off strategy for spinning, default is cds::backoff::Default
Stat
- enable (true
) or disable (false
, the default) monitor's internal statistics.How to use
|
inline |
Returns the reference to internal statistics.
If class' template argument Stat
is false
, the function returns dummy statistics. Otherwise, it returns the reference to monitor's internal statistics of type pool_monitor_traits::stat.


Detail oriented and dynamic Web Developer with extensive experience. Possess strong knowledge of C#, JavaScript, ASP.NET MVC, Microsoft SQL Server, and experience working with Linux/Unix, Shell. Strong team player with ability to work collaboratively as well as independently. Quick learner, flexible and able to work well under pressure to tight deadlines.
Skills: Programming Languages: C#, JavaScript, PHP Technologies: MS SQL ServerR, ASP.Net MVC, Web Forms, JS, jQuery, Angular Js, Bootstrap, AJAX, HTML5, CSS, XML, JSON Data: Entity Framework, LINQ, ADO.Net, MS SQL Server, MYSQL Platforms: Windows, Unix/Linux Team Work: Git
I love reading books, watching sports, and travelling. My goal is to become Software Expert Engineer and ultimately have my own software company.
View ResumeThis is a system site for Institutation of Engineers. I careted registration system where applicants has to go through several checklist process to qualify to be a member
This site is a media system for BCS. There are cateogory of member of applicants accroding to their profession.
This project is a dashboard of pricing plan which also integrates with the payment system for different categories. Users can pay through different payment gateway.
This Project is a site for a news media called Cuet News 24. Its presents all news features and dynamic listing of everyday news.
This Project is a site for a IT company. Users can ask any service through website and interac.
This is a project of an automobile dealership website. Users can input their information and it will come as a lead to the delaership company.
780-297-1139
Email Us


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block content %}
Teamwork makes the dream work! I like getting to know and bond with people I work with to ensure a productive work environment. It’s easier to get things done when you’re able to connect with the people you work with.
When I am not thinking about code, I love spending my time with home workouts such as bodyweight training and yoga! Instead of spending my time commuting to the gym, I cook my meals for the week, play VR and Smash, and read books in ebook or audiobook format! I am also learning Chinese and currently aiming for HSK 5 proficiency.
Mindfulness is key in today's society, especially when every aspect of our lives involves technology. Life is so much easier when you have Siri to set your timers while cooking or receiving notifications to be on time for various appointments! I try to be in the here and now whenever I can, because nothing beats a moment of calm of being in the present.
Developed Player Health Wellness App for the Brooklyn Nets for player health data analysis to win more games.
Coded Computer Request Form for Elbit Systems for integration of information to Infor CloudSuite.
Instructional video for creating Mongoose widget for use in Infor Home Pages with validation.
Walkthrough on how to attach a wiretap and utilize the built-in monitoring and debugging tools in Mongoose
Software Engineer
Associate Software Engineer
Lead Technology Intern
Technology Intern
Data Analyst Intern
Global IT Marketing Mentee
Web Developer
Features/Web Editor


>From time to time I think about writing a novel based on my experiences in the American Trotskyist movement. I have never followed through on this project because deep down I realize that the beliefs of the people in this movement were too different from those of ordinary Americans. How could I possibly convey the reality of revolutionary politics to people who view politics as nothing more than what they do on election day?
The makers of "Four Days in September" faced a similar problem. How could they make a film based on the characters and events depicted in Fernando Gabeira's book "O que é isso, companheiro" (What's Up Comrade?) and still draw an audience? Gabeira was a member of a Brazilian terrorist cell that kidnapped the American Ambassador Charles Elrick in September, 1969. They sought to protest the military dictatorship that had just seized power, and win freedom for imprisoned comrades.
Director Bruno Barreto, best known for his "Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands," simply decided to dump the politics to make the film palatable. "I did not make a film about politics but about human beings. I did not make a film about ideas, but about the fears, desires and tensions involved in a specific episode. Besides, no one would be able to stand to listen to the actual way the terrorists spoke at the time."
Without politics, the film becomes a banal crime melodrama. Except for the occasional rhetorical flourish about the "Revolution," the characters mainly discuss the technical details of the kidnapping. To sustain the audience's interest, Barreto emphasizes human relationships that have little to do with politics. There is a budding romance between Maria [Fernanda Torres], the ringleader, and Gabeira [Pedro Cardoso]. A filial bond develops between Gabeira and Elrick [Alan Arkin] who turns out to be a liberal opposed to the war in Vietnam and the military dictatorship in Brazil.
Gabeira develops a crush on Maria when he is first sworn into the terrorist cell. During the ceremony, she harangues the young recruits. She assigns them each a nom de guerre: Fernando Gabeira then becomes "Paulo."  This scene evokes the witch-hunt iconography of potboilers like the 1951 classic "I Was A Communist For the FBI." These propaganda pieces inevitably include a fanatical but beautiful female Communist cell leader who makes speeches about how love is a bourgeois diversion.
In the production notes, Fernanda Torres is contemptuous of the character she plays. She says, "Maria was sort of a 'sergeant' in the group, and, to my mind, the least credible character in the script. I wasn't alive when the kidnapping took place so I can't be sure if militant political women really behaved like that." One can only wonder why Torres accepted the role if she has so little identification with the character and shows so little interest in finding out about what made such a character tick. Perhaps there is no tradition of method acting in Brazil. According to the principles method acting, character portrayal grows out the totality of the character's social relations. The actor must try to go beyond the dimensions of the script and immerse him or herself in the social milieu of the character. This might mean driving a cab if the character is a cabdriver. Of course, such background research would have done little to add depth to a character whose dialog consists mainly of worries over whether the kidnapping will be carried out successfully, punctuated by tone-deaf "radical" rhetoric.
After a major bank robbery, Maria's gang decides to kidnap the American Ambassador. Such an operation requires outside assistance so they call in Toledo [Nelson Dantas] and Jonas [Matheus Nachtegaele], two veterans of the terrorist movement. Toledo is a man in his sixties who fought in the Spanish Civil War, while Jonas is a young working-class militant who is even more unsmiling and case-hardened than Maria herself. Jonas, who takes over the operation, warns the rest of the group that he will shoot anybody who disobeys his orders. For the remainder of the film, Toledo and Jonas are absorbed in the technical details of the kidnapping and we never discover who they really are or what they believe.
In a letter to his wife, Elrick confesses his inability to understand the fanaticism of Jonas. It never would have occurred to Leopoldo Serran, the screenwriter, to fill in some background on such a character. Like the rest of the people associated with the project, he was hostile to leftist politics. He kept resisting Barreto's invitation to write a script based on Gabeira's memoir. "I refused several times, because I disagreed with many of the leftist principles and practices, and I could not agree to do anything complimentary or biased."
Perhaps Serran might have fleshed out such a character by studying the life of one of Brazil's most famous workers, Lula of the Workers Party. He was the youngest of 8 children born to subsistence farmers. In 1956, the family moved to Sao Paulo, where they dwelled in one room at the back of a bar and shared the bathroom with bar customers. Lula, unlike the terrorists of the 1969 generation, became the leader of a mass social movement. The same sense of indignation that committed him to peaceful change, however, must have fueled Jonas. It would have made for a much richer film if Jonas spoke openly about the circumstances that led him to such extremist politics.
Toledo, admittedly a secondary character, only speaks about his doubts over the success of the kidnapping. It would have been interesting to find out something about the life of a character old enough to be a grandfather, who has decided to take such drastic measures. (It is rather dubious that a Spanish Civil War veteran would have ever joined a terrorist plot, since these activists had an orientation to mass action. We would be asking too much from a film that had so little interest in politics to try to explain this anomaly)
Serran's enthusiasm is not for characters like these with their obnoxious left-wing politics. He invests all of his power as a playwright into the character of Henrique [Marco Ricca], the cop in charge of capturing the kidnappers. Henrique feels torn between duty and revulsion over the torture he carries out against revolutionaries in the basement of his police station as part of his job. For Serran, there is a sexual aspect to torture which is reflected in the script. Henrique mentions to his partner that a political prisoner has fallen in love with and married one Pecanha, a cop who tortured her. That Serran would even consider such an event as within the realm of possibility shows how detached he is from the reality of police repression. One can only hope that he never accepts an assignment to write a screenplay based on Tomas Borge's memoir. Somoza's torturers beat this Sandinista leader in the testicles repeatedly during his imprisonment until he lost his manhood.
Ultimately "Four Days in September" is repression without violence. It represses the real beliefs and the real motivations of the terrorist band, as much as a gag over the mouth of a prisoner does. As difficult as it would have been to translate the lives of terrorists into a commercially viable film, a production company with some sympathy for the left should have made the attempt. The director, the screenwriter and the actors are all complicit in covering up the history of the desperate and marginal Brazilian urban underground. The key to an authentic and dramatically convincing film would have been in uncovering the history of each character. Without such histories, the overall history of the times remains a mystery.
Louis Proyect
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


k e l l yp s e
Kelly L. Yu
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<PHONE_NUMBER>
kellyyu.com | github.com/apokellypse
Education
Cornell University | Aug 2013 - Present
B.S. Computer Science, 2017
GPA - 3.10 | Major GPA - 3.45
Courses
Data Structures and Functional Programming, Fall 2014
Object-Oriented Programming and Data Structures, Honors
Introduction to Computer Graphics, Fall 2014
Computer Graphics Practicum, Fall 2014
Discrete Structures
Introduction to Computing Using Python
Skills
Languages: Python, Java, OCaml (Fall 2014)
Web Dev: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript/jQuery
Tools: Git, LaTeX, Eclipse, Vintage Sublime/VIM
Experience
Bloomberg Hackathon, First Place | Feb 2014
Implemented Android app "PleaseCall" with four other students
Set up database using MySQL
Worked on UI design using XML
Human Services Coalition, Tech Intern | Summer 2014
Managed large database of community services
Contributed new graphics and design to HSC website
Developed websites with HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript
The Statler Hotel, IT Assistant | March 2014 - Present
Prepared computers for deployment
Managed software and hardware installation
Activities
Cornell Big Red Marching Band | Aug 2013 - Present
Played saxophone at university football games and other events
Organized music and drill as part of Show Committee
Computer Animation Club at Cornell | Sept 2013 - Present
Founder and President
Organized and headed weekly club meetings and events
Collaborated with universtiy staff for club resources
Cornell BEARS | Summer 2014 - Present
Vice President of Information Technology
Fixed and maintained club website
Asian American InterVarsity Christian Fellowship | Aug 2013 - Present
Small Group Core Team (Fall 2014)


Gateway
BOT
15-Nov-18 05:12 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> @John Westbrook can you confirm this? This is terrible, man.
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> @Emmanuel I DM'd him on Twitter
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> @Emmanuel This is horrible. John is such a good guy.
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> One of the above links, is a 2 minute clip from the local news, where John lives... Telling his story
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> I see his twitter, yes, it's true
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> I mean, I don't know John too well.
But he really does give off the feeling that he is a guy that likes life & likes crypto
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> I know him, he's the best.
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> I've stumbled onto some of his old Steemit posts..
And the guy is just chill.. poems & crypto, and all of that
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> good developer too, manager. Let's help this family, they really deserve a better tomorrow after this.
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> Those California wildfires really do seem scary...
I don't use that word anymore, it's more of a word you use as a kid.. But they are horrible
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> @Emmanuel Maybe Mike Tout can give us some direction, on how we should proceed, in the Discord.. So everyone can be aware of this.
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> i'll do what you did, share the news
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> and the campaign link
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> I told John that I was going to try to get his GoFundMe, get closer to $10k.. It's at $4500, I think... And, right now I actually have pneumonia & I don't have anything I can send.  Can you let people know there?
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> uh... i know how it is, pneumonia is terrible
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> @Emmanuel I've got asthma too lol
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> take care of yourself, bro
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> health is first
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> Yeah I have been away from Verus discord for almost 2 weeks... a long time
[dscrdvrsc] <Emmanuel> I used to watch comedy movies to get better. Laugh a lot, that helps, believe it or not.
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> @Emmanuel Oh i say it's about 90% attitude
[dscrdvrsc] <Cruz_77> @Everyone
Hey guys, have you heard about this?
John Westbrook---his parent's house burned down in California...
If you are looking for further info, just scroll up a little
(edited)
Just found out my mom and dad lost their house in the Paradise Camp Fire. This is the house we grew up in as kids since middle school. My dad is a Vet who is an amputee who stayed in a hospital bed in the living room of this house, and my mom is a retired ER nurse. They e...


| tribble {tibble} | R Documentation |
Create tibbles using an easier to read row-by-row layout. This is useful for small tables of data where readability is important. Please see tibble-package for a general introduction.
tribble(...)
... |
< |
A tibble.
See quasiquotation for more details on tidy dots semantics,
i.e. exactly how the ...
argument is processed.
tribble( ~colA, ~colB, "a", 1, "b", 2, "c", 3 ) # tribble will create a list column if the value in any cell is # not a scalar tribble( ~x, ~y, "a", 1:3, "b", 4:6 ) # Use dplyr::mutate(dplyr::across(...)) to assign an explicit type tribble( ~ a, ~ b, ~ c, 1, "2000-01-01", "1.5" ) %>% dplyr::mutate( dplyr::across(a, as.integer), dplyr::across(b, as.Date) )


A Company is required
Part Number must be at least 3 characters.
{{ errors.partnum }}
Price must be at least 3 characters.
{{ errors.price }}
State must be at least 3 characters.
{{ errors.watt }}
Description must be at least 5 characters.
{{ errors.name }}
Phone must be at least 3 characters.
{{ errors.phone }}


Users may "skip" reviewing a submission if there is a problem with it. This table records all the skips that happen.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| peer_skip_id | Primary Key |
| peer_submission_id | The submission that has been skipped |
| ualberta_peer_assignments_user_id | Encrypted Coursera user id for ualberta peer_assignments data. |
| peer_skip_created_ts | The time when the skipper skipped this submission |
| peer_skip_type | The type of skip ("inappropriateContent", "incompleteSubmission", "other", "plagiarism") |
| peer_skip_text | The explanation that the skipper gave |
CREATE TABLE peer_skips ( peer_skip_id VARCHAR(50) ,peer_submission_id VARCHAR(50) ,ualberta_peer_assignments_user_id VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL ,peer_skip_created_ts TIMESTAMP ,peer_skip_type VARCHAR(50) ,peer_skip_text VARCHAR(65535) ,PRIMARY KEY (peer_skip_id) ,FOREIGN KEY (peer_submission_id) REFERENCES peer_submissions(peer_submission_id) );


Do you remember the scenario?
What could ABC Bank do to further investigate the nature of its relationship with Robert?
Robert Howard comes into ABC Bank and wants to deposit $25,000 into his account. He has been a customer of ABC Bank for 25 years and has always been classified as low-risk.
However, recent transaction monitoring by ABC Bank has revealed large amounts of money being withdrawn out of his account. Some of the money has been transferred to low- interest accounts and then withdrawn to be used. These withdrawals are unusual for Robert's account, which has had little activity for 25 years.
Information gathered by ABC Bank about Robert show that he owns two restaurants, a nightclub and a carwash. However, ABC Bank does not have any other information about Robert on its databases.
That is incorrect
It does not matter whether Robert is a long-time customer. ABC Bank should further investigate the nature of its relationship with Robert by collecting more information. Some examples of information that could be gathered include:
the expected source and origin of the funds to be used
copies of recent and current financial statements
the nature and purpose of relationships between signatories and beneficial owners
the anticipated level and nature of the activity that is to be undertaken through the relationship
That is correct!
ABC Bank should further investigate the nature of its relationship with Robert by collecting more information. Some examples of information that could be gathered include:
the expected source and origin of the funds to be used
copies of recent and current financial statements
the nature and purpose of relationships between signatories and beneficial owners
the anticipated level and nature of the activity that is to be undertaken through the relationship
That is incorrect
ABC Bank should further investigate the nature of its relationship with Robert by collecting more information. Some examples of information that could be gathered include:
the expected source and origin of the funds to be used
copies of recent and current financial statements
the nature and purpose of relationships between signatories and beneficial owners
the anticipated level and nature of the activity that is to be undertaken through the relationship


---
layout: post
title: Lorenzo's Music @ The Great Dane - Sept 18, 2008
date: '2008-09-17T20:34:00.002-05:00'
author: Tom Ray
tags:
- shows
modified_time: '2011-09-11T17:11:36.252-05:00'
thumbnail: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3022/2846046786_60e8058a99_t.jpg
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11319466.post-1680810782162289293
blogger_orig_url: http://www.lorenzosmusic.com/2008/09/lorenzos-music-great-dane-sept-18-2008_17.html
---
Lorenzo's Music
with Jentri Colello and Horse in Motion
@ The Great Dane
Thurs. Sept. 18


Take screenshot
View source
CONTINOUS GLITCH
×
Living medium to rotten digital data through diffusion process.


Rode the Tour de Cure century. Best non-group time by 15 minutes. http://cycling.robotlikes.com/rides/362
Thanks to all who donated.
7/28/2012, 6:45:44 PM
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link--- layout: tweet ---
Rode the Tour de Cure century. Best non-group time by 15 minutes. http://cycling.robotlikes.com/rides/362
Thanks to all who donated.
7/28/2012, 6:45:44 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


|
QuantLib: a free/open-source library for quantitative finance
Fully annotated sources - version 1.30
|
Classes | |
| class | GeneralizedHullWhite |
| Generalized Hull-White model class. More... | |
| class | AffineModel |
| Affine model class. More... | |
| class | TermStructureConsistentModel |
| Term-structure consistent model class. More... | |
| class | ShortRateModel |
| Abstract short-rate model class. More... | |
| class | OneFactorModel |
| Single-factor short-rate model abstract class. More... | |
| class | OneFactorAffineModel |
| Single-factor affine base class. More... | |
| class | BlackKarasinski |
| Standard Black-Karasinski model class. More... | |
| class | CoxIngersollRoss |
| Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model class. More... | |
| class | ExtendedCoxIngersollRoss |
| Extended Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model class. More... | |
| class | HullWhite |
| Single-factor Hull-White (extended Vasicek) model class. More... | |
| class | Vasicek |
| Vasicek model class More... | |
| class | TwoFactorModel |
| Abstract base-class for two-factor models. More... | |
| class | G2 |
| Two-additive-factor gaussian model class. More... | |
This framework (corresponding to the ql/models/shortrate directory) implements some single-factor and two-factor short rate models. The models implemented in this library are widely used by practitioners. For the moment, the ShortRateModel class defines the short-rate dynamics with stochastic equations of the type
\[ dx_i = \mu(t,x_i) dt + \sigma(t,x_i) dW_t \]
where \( r = f(t,x) \). If the model is affine (i.e. derived from the QuantLib::AffineModel class), analytical formulas for discount bonds and discount bond options are given (useful for calibration).
\[ dr_t = (\theta(t) - \alpha(t) r_t)dt + \sigma(t) dW_t \]
When \( \alpha \) and \( \sigma \) are constants, this model has analytical formulas for discount bonds and discount bond options.\[ d\ln{r_t} = (\theta(t) - \alpha \ln{r_t})dt + \sigma dW_t \]
No analytical tractability here.\[ dr_t = (\theta(t) - k r_t)dt + \sigma \sqrt{r_t} dW_t \]
There are analytical formulas for discount bonds (and soon for discount bond options).The class CalibrationHelper is a base class that facilitates the instantiation of market instruments used for calibration. It has a method marketValue() that gives the market price using a Black formula, and a modelValue() method that gives the price according to a model
Derived classed are QuantLib::CapHelper and QuantLib::SwaptionHelper.
For the calibration itself, you must choose an optimization method that will find constant parameters such that the value:
\[ V = \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{(T_i - M_i)^2}{M_i}}, \]
where \( T_i \) is the price given by the model and \( M_i \) is the market price, is minimized. A few optimization methods are available in the ql/Optimization directory.
If the model is affine, i.e. discount bond options formulas exist, caps are easily priced since they are a portfolio of discount bond options. Such a pricer is implemented in QuantLib::AnalyticalCapFloor. In the case of single-factor affine models, swaptions can be priced using the Jamshidian decomposition, implemented in QuantLib::JamshidianSwaption.
Each model derived from the single-factor model class has the ability to return a trinomial tree. For yield-curve consistent models, the fitting parameter can be determined either analytically (when possible) or numerically. When a tree is built, it is then pretty straightforward to implement a pricer for any path-independent derivative. Just implement a class derived from NumericalDerivative (see QuantLib::NumericalSwaption for example) and roll it back until the present time... Just look at QuantLib::TreeCapFloor and QuantLib::TreeSwaption for working pricers.


How to listen with my full attention. Bit dubious about the repeating/summarising what I've just been told so the other person knows I've heard correctly, that might get old for both parties rather quickly!?
It was nice to read that I am not the only one who struggles with sustaining their practice and to get some pointers on what can be done to make it stick. I am already trying the anchoring to something you already do (from Sprint 1) and will try the 'do less than you can' method as well.
I go for a walk around Thorndon on most days during lunch, I am going to try to be more mindful while doing that.


Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. They are an informal grouping within the infraorder Cetacea, usually excluding dolphins and porpoises. Whales, dolphins and porpoises belong to the order Cetartiodactyla, which consists of even-toed ungulates.
Penguins are a group of aquatic flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with only one species, the Galápagos penguin, found north of the equator. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming.


Source code for lingvo.tasks.mt.params.base_config
# Copyright 2018 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
"""Several functions to initialize typical values of dataset parameters."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import math
from lingvo.core import layers
from lingvo.core import lr_schedule
from lingvo.core import optimizer
from lingvo.core import py_utils
from lingvo.tasks.mt import decoder
from lingvo.tasks.mt import encoder
from lingvo.tasks.mt import input_generator
from lingvo.tasks.mt import model
[docs]def InitTrainDatasetParams(vocab_size=None, params=None):
"""Initializes typical values for train datasets.
Args:
vocab_size: the number of tokens in your vocabulary. The default is None
because this parameter is often not used.
params: initial Params value, e.g. `NmtInput.Params()`.
Returns:
a `Params` object.
"""
if params is None:
params = input_generator.NmtInput.Params()
params.is_nmt_example = True
params.file_random_seed = 0
# How many threads to run in parallel.
params.file_parallelism = 16
# Note, for training, we prefer to use big file_buffer_size (as long as all
# fits in RAM), to more thoroughly randomize the training examples. when the
# file_buffer_size too small, we run the risk of sequentially going over the
# example as they are stored in the sstable which may not be random (e.g.
# maybe alphabetically ordered).
params.file_buffer_size = 10000000
if vocab_size is not None:
params.tokenizer.vocab_size = vocab_size
# The bucket upper bound is determined based on an exponentially growing
# scheme, with _GenerateBuckets(10, 100) resulting buckets starting from
# minimum bucket size of 10 to maximum bucket size of 137.
# For word and sub-word level NMT, we train on sequences up to maximum
# bucket size and discard the examples that are longer than 137.
params.bucket_upper_bound = [10, 14, 19, 26, 36, 50, 70, 98, 137]
# The bucket batch limit determines how many examples are there in each
# batch during training. We reduce the batch size for the buckets that
# have higher upper bound (batches that consist of longer sequences eg.
# 98, 137) in order to prevent out of memory issues.
# Note that this hyperparameter varies widely based on the model and language.
# larger models may warrant smaller batches in order to fit in memory, for
# example; and ideographical languages like Chinese may benefit from more
# buckets.
params.bucket_batch_limit = [128] * 8 + [64]
return params
[docs]def InitTestDatasetParams(vocab_size=None, params=None):
"""Initializes typical values for test and dev datasets.
Args:
vocab_size: the number of tokens in your vocabulary.
params: initial Params value, e.g. `NmtInput.Params()`.
Returns:
a `Params` object.
"""
if params is None:
params = input_generator.NmtInput.Params()
params.file_random_seed = 27182818
# How many threads to run in parallel.
params.file_parallelism = 1
# In order to make exactly one pass over the dev/test sets, we set buffer
# size to 1. Greater numbers may cause inaccurate dev/test scores.
params.file_buffer_size = 1
if vocab_size is not None:
params.tokenizer.vocab_size = vocab_size
# The largest bucket upper bound must be larger than the longest sequence
# length in dev/test set. Since we discard sequences longer than the
# max(bucket_upper_bound) we may end up having scores based on only shorter
# sequences only if we mistakenly set this to be too small.
params.bucket_upper_bound = [10, 14, 19, 26, 36, 50, 70, 98, 137, 200]
params.bucket_batch_limit = [128] * 8 + [64] + [32]
return params
[docs]def InitTransformerTestBuckets(params):
params.bucket_upper_bound = [10, 14, 19, 26, 36, 50, 70, 98, 137, 200]
params.bucket_batch_limit = [16] * 10
return params
[docs]def InitTransformerTrainBuckets(params):
params.bucket_upper_bound = [8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96]
params.bucket_batch_limit = [512, 341, 256, 170, 128, 85, 64, 42]
return params
[docs]def SetupTransformerParams(name,
vocab_size,
model_dim,
hidden_dim,
num_heads,
num_layers,
learning_rate,
warmup_steps,
residual_dropout_prob=0.1,
input_dropout_prob=0.0,
atten_dropout_prob=0.0,
relu_dropout_prob=0.0,
label_smoothing_uncertainty=0.1,
is_transparent=False):
"""Common model setup for different transformer models.
Args:
name: An identifier for an instance of a transformer model.
vocab_size: an integer representing the size of the vocabulary, probably
16000 or 32000.
model_dim: dimension of the transformer block (column)
hidden_dim: dimension of Feed-Forward neural network in each layer
num_heads: number of attention heads to use for the transformer
num_layers: number of layers in the transformer
learning_rate: learning rate for Adam. For the base model, we use 1.0; for
the big model, 3.0
warmup_steps: warmup steps for `TransformerLearningRateSchedule`. For the
base model, we use 4000; for the big model, 40000
residual_dropout_prob: dropout prob to the output of each sub-layer before
it is added to the sub-layer input
input_dropout_prob: dropout prob to the sums of the token embeddings and the
position embeddings
atten_dropout_prob: dropout prob to the attention weights in each
Transformer attention sub-layer
relu_dropout_prob: dropout prob to the inner layer output (ReLU activation)
in each Transformer feed-forward sub-layer
label_smoothing_uncertainty: if this value is 0, no label smoothing will be
applied
is_transparent: If set, decoder layers attend to weighted combinations of
encoder layers.
Returns:
A Params object containing the parameters that specify a transformer model
(Vaswani 2017)
"""
p = model.TransformerModel.Params()
p.name = name
# Transformer encoder and decoder setup
p.encoder = SetupTransformerEncoder(
model_dim, vocab_size, num_layers, num_heads, hidden_dim,
residual_dropout_prob, input_dropout_prob, atten_dropout_prob,
relu_dropout_prob, is_transparent)
p.decoder = SetupTransformerDecoder(
model_dim, vocab_size, num_layers, num_heads, hidden_dim,
residual_dropout_prob, input_dropout_prob, atten_dropout_prob,
relu_dropout_prob, label_smoothing_uncertainty, is_transparent)
p.train.Set(
learning_rate=learning_rate,
optimizer=optimizer.Adam.ParamsB(),
clip_gradient_norm_to_value=0.0,
grad_norm_to_clip_to_zero=0.0,
lr_schedule=lr_schedule.TransformerLearningRateSchedule.Params().Set(
warmup_steps=warmup_steps, worker_replicas=1, model_dim=model_dim))
p.eval.samples_per_summary = 12000
return p
[docs]def SetupTransformerDecoder(model_dim,
vocab_size,
num_layers,
num_heads,
hidden_dim,
residual_dropout_prob=0.1,
input_dropout_prob=0.0,
atten_dropout_prob=0.0,
relu_dropout_prob=0.0,
label_smoothing_uncertainty=0.1,
is_transparent=False):
"""Common setup for transformer model decoder."""
disable_vn = py_utils.VariationalNoiseParams(1.0, False, False)
default_params_init = py_utils.WeightInit.Xavier(1.0)
emb_params_init = py_utils.WeightInit.Gaussian(1.0 / math.sqrt(model_dim))
# Decoder
decoder_params = decoder.TransformerDecoder.Params()
decoder_params.source_dim = model_dim
decoder_params.model_dim = model_dim
decoder_params.num_trans_layers = num_layers
decoder_params.input_dropout_prob = input_dropout_prob
decoder_params.token_emb.Set(
vocab_size=vocab_size,
embedding_dim=model_dim,
max_num_shards=16,
params_init=emb_params_init,
vn=disable_vn,
scale_sqrt_depth=True)
decoder_params.position_emb.Set(
embedding_dim=model_dim, trainable_scaling=False, vn=disable_vn)
decoder_params.trans_tpl.source_dim = model_dim
decoder_params.trans_tpl.tr_atten_tpl.Set(
source_dim=model_dim,
num_attention_heads=num_heads,
residual_dropout_prob=residual_dropout_prob,
atten_dropout_prob=atten_dropout_prob,
params_init=default_params_init,
vn=disable_vn)
decoder_params.trans_tpl.tr_atten_tpl.atten_tpl.Set(
enable_ctx_pre_proj=True,
enable_ctx_post_proj=True,
context_dim=model_dim,
vn=disable_vn)
decoder_params.trans_tpl.tr_fflayer_tpl.Set(
input_dim=model_dim,
hidden_dim=hidden_dim,
residual_dropout_prob=residual_dropout_prob,
relu_dropout_prob=relu_dropout_prob,
params_init=default_params_init,
vn=disable_vn)
decoder_params.softmax.Set(
num_classes=vocab_size,
vn=disable_vn,
params_init=emb_params_init,
num_shards=16)
decoder_params.per_word_avg_loss = True
decoder_params.label_smoothing = layers.UniformLabelSmoother.Params()
decoder_params.label_smoothing.num_classes = vocab_size
decoder_params.label_smoothing.uncertainty = label_smoothing_uncertainty
if is_transparent:
decoder_params.is_transparent = True
return decoder_params
[docs]def SetupTransformerEncoder(model_dim,
vocab_size,
num_layers,
num_heads,
hidden_dim,
residual_dropout_prob=0.1,
input_dropout_prob=0.0,
atten_dropout_prob=0.0,
relu_dropout_prob=0.0,
is_transparent=False):
"""Common setup for transformer model encoder.
Args:
model_dim: specifies dimension of transformer layers, token embeddings,
and positional embeddings as well context vectors (attention values).
vocab_size: for token embeddings.
num_layers: number of transformer layers.
num_heads: number of attention heads.
hidden_dim: in transformer feedforward layer.
residual_dropout_prob: used in transformer feedforward and attention layer.
input_dropout_prob: input dropout.
atten_dropout_prob: used in attention layer.
relu_dropout_prob: used in transformer feedforward layer.
is_transparent: if set, outputs a merger of embeddings and layer outputs.
Returns:
Encoder params.
"""
disable_vn = py_utils.VariationalNoiseParams(1.0, False, False)
default_params_init = py_utils.WeightInit.Xavier(1.0)
emb_params_init = py_utils.WeightInit.Gaussian(1.0 / math.sqrt(model_dim))
# Encoder
encoder_params = encoder.TransformerEncoder.Params()
encoder_params.token_emb.Set(
embedding_dim=model_dim,
max_num_shards=16,
params_init=emb_params_init,
vocab_size=vocab_size,
vn=disable_vn,
scale_sqrt_depth=True)
encoder_params.position_emb.Set(
embedding_dim=model_dim, trainable_scaling=False, vn=disable_vn)
# Encoder TransformerStack params
encoder_params.model_dim = model_dim
encoder_params.transformer_stack.model_dim = model_dim
encoder_params.transformer_stack.num_transformer_layers = num_layers
encoder_params.input_dropout_prob = input_dropout_prob
encoder_params.transformer_stack.transformer_tpl.tr_atten_tpl.Set(
num_attention_heads=num_heads,
residual_dropout_prob=residual_dropout_prob,
atten_dropout_prob=atten_dropout_prob,
params_init=default_params_init,
vn=disable_vn)
encoder_params.transformer_stack.transformer_tpl.tr_atten_tpl.atten_tpl.Set(
num_attention_heads=num_heads,
enable_ctx_pre_proj=True,
enable_ctx_post_proj=True,
context_dim=model_dim,
vn=disable_vn)
encoder_params.transformer_stack.transformer_tpl.tr_fflayer_tpl.Set(
hidden_dim=hidden_dim,
residual_dropout_prob=residual_dropout_prob,
relu_dropout_prob=relu_dropout_prob,
params_init=default_params_init,
vn=disable_vn)
if is_transparent:
encoder_params.transformer_stack.is_transparent = True
return encoder_params


Detrending, Stylized Facts and the Business Cycle¶
In an influential article, Harvey and Jaeger (1993) described the use of unobserved components models (also known as “structural time series models”) to derive stylized facts of the business cycle.
Their paper begins:
"Establishing the 'stylized facts' associated with a set of time series is widely considered a crucial step
in macroeconomic research ... For such facts to be useful they should (1) be consistent with the stochastic
properties of the data and (2) present meaningful information."
In particular, they make the argument that these goals are often better met using the unobserved components approach rather than the popular Hodrick-Prescott filter or Box-Jenkins ARIMA modeling techniques.
statsmodels has the ability to perform all three types of analysis, and below we follow the steps of their paper, using a slightly updated dataset.
[1]:
%matplotlib inline
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import statsmodels.api as sm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from IPython.display import display, Latex
Unobserved Components¶
The unobserved components model available in statsmodels can be written as:
see Durbin and Koopman 2012, Chapter 3 for notation and additional details. Notice that different specifications for the different individual components can support a wide range of models. The specific models considered in the paper and below are specializations of this general equation.
Trend¶
The trend component is a dynamic extension of a regression model that includes an intercept and linear time-trend.
where the level is a generalization of the intercept term that can dynamically vary across time, and the trend is a generalization of the time-trend such that the slope can dynamically vary across time.
For both elements (level and trend), we can consider models in which:
The element is included vs excluded (if the trend is included, there must also be a level included).
The element is deterministic vs stochastic (i.e. whether or not the variance on the error term is confined to be zero or not)
The only additional parameters to be estimated via MLE are the variances of any included stochastic components.
This leads to the following specifications:
Level |
Trend |
Stochastic Level |
Stochastic Trend |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant |
✓ |
|||
Local Level (random walk) |
✓ |
✓ |
||
Deterministic trend |
✓ |
✓ |
||
Local level with deterministic trend (random walk with drift) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
Local linear trend |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Smooth trend (integrated random walk) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Seasonal¶
The seasonal component is written as:
The periodicity (number of seasons) is s
, and the defining character is that (without the error term), the seasonal components sum to zero across one complete cycle. The inclusion of an error term allows the seasonal effects to vary over time.
The variants of this model are:
The periodicity
s
Whether or not to make the seasonal effects stochastic.
If the seasonal effect is stochastic, then there is one additional parameter to estimate via MLE (the variance of the error term).
Cycle¶
The cyclical component is intended to capture cyclical effects at time frames much longer than captured by the seasonal component. For example, in economics the cyclical term is often intended to capture the business cycle, and is then expected to have a period between “1.5 and 12 years” (see Durbin and Koopman).
The cycle is written as:
The parameter \(\lambda_c\) (the frequency of the cycle) is an additional parameter to be estimated by MLE. If the seasonal effect is stochastic, then there is one another parameter to estimate (the variance of the error term - note that both of the error terms here share the same variance, but are assumed to have independent draws).
Irregular¶
The irregular component is assumed to be a white noise error term. Its variance is a parameter to be estimated by MLE; i.e.
In some cases, we may want to generalize the irregular component to allow for autoregressive effects:
In this case, the autoregressive parameters would also be estimated via MLE.
Regression effects¶
We may want to allow for explanatory variables by including additional terms
or for intervention effects by including
These additional parameters could be estimated via MLE or by including them as components of the state space formulation.
Data¶
Following Harvey and Jaeger, we will consider the following time series:
US real GNP, “output”, (GNPC96)
US GNP implicit price deflator, “prices”, (GNPDEF)
US monetary base, “money”, (AMBSL)
The time frame in the original paper varied across series, but was broadly 1954-1989. Below we use data from the period 1948-2008 for all series. Although the unobserved components approach allows isolating a seasonal component within the model, the series considered in the paper, and here, are already seasonally adjusted.
All data series considered here are taken from Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED). Conveniently, the Python library Pandas has the ability to download data from FRED directly.
[2]:
# Datasets
from pandas_datareader.data import DataReader
# Get the raw data
start = '1948-01'
end = '2008-01'
us_gnp = DataReader('GNPC96', 'fred', start=start, end=end)
us_gnp_deflator = DataReader('GNPDEF', 'fred', start=start, end=end)
us_monetary_base = DataReader('AMBSL', 'fred', start=start, end=end).resample('QS').mean()
recessions = DataReader('USRECQ', 'fred', start=start, end=end).resample('QS').last().values[:,0]
# Construct the dataframe
dta = pd.concat(map(np.log, (us_gnp, us_gnp_deflator, us_monetary_base)), axis=1)
dta.columns = ['US GNP','US Prices','US monetary base']
dta.index.freq = dta.index.inferred_freq
dates = dta.index._mpl_repr()
To get a sense of these three variables over the timeframe, we can plot them:
[3]:
# Plot the data
ax = dta.plot(figsize=(13,3))
ylim = ax.get_ylim()
ax.xaxis.grid()
ax.fill_between(dates, ylim[0]+1e-5, ylim[1]-1e-5, recessions, facecolor='k', alpha=0.1);
Model¶
Since the data is already seasonally adjusted and there are no obvious explanatory variables, the generic model considered is:
The irregular will be assumed to be white noise, and the cycle will be stochastic and damped. The final modeling choice is the specification to use for the trend component. Harvey and Jaeger consider two models:
Local linear trend (the “unrestricted” model)
Smooth trend (the “restricted” model, since we are forcing \(\sigma_\eta = 0\))
Below, we construct kwargs
dictionaries for each of these model types. Notice that rather that there are two ways to specify the models. One way is to specify components directly, as in the table above. The other way is to use string names which map to various specifications.
[4]:
# Model specifications
# Unrestricted model, using string specification
unrestricted_model = {
'level': 'local linear trend', 'cycle': True, 'damped_cycle': True, 'stochastic_cycle': True
}
# Unrestricted model, setting components directly
# This is an equivalent, but less convenient, way to specify a
# local linear trend model with a stochastic damped cycle:
# unrestricted_model = {
# 'irregular': True, 'level': True, 'stochastic_level': True, 'trend': True, 'stochastic_trend': True,
# 'cycle': True, 'damped_cycle': True, 'stochastic_cycle': True
# }
# The restricted model forces a smooth trend
restricted_model = {
'level': 'smooth trend', 'cycle': True, 'damped_cycle': True, 'stochastic_cycle': True
}
# Restricted model, setting components directly
# This is an equivalent, but less convenient, way to specify a
# smooth trend model with a stochastic damped cycle. Notice
# that the difference from the local linear trend model is that
# `stochastic_level=False` here.
# unrestricted_model = {
# 'irregular': True, 'level': True, 'stochastic_level': False, 'trend': True, 'stochastic_trend': True,
# 'cycle': True, 'damped_cycle': True, 'stochastic_cycle': True
# }
We now fit the following models:
Output, unrestricted model
Prices, unrestricted model
Prices, restricted model
Money, unrestricted model
Money, restricted model
[5]:
# Output
output_mod = sm.tsa.UnobservedComponents(dta['US GNP'], **unrestricted_model)
output_res = output_mod.fit(method='powell', disp=False)
# Prices
prices_mod = sm.tsa.UnobservedComponents(dta['US Prices'], **unrestricted_model)
prices_res = prices_mod.fit(method='powell', disp=False)
prices_restricted_mod = sm.tsa.UnobservedComponents(dta['US Prices'], **restricted_model)
prices_restricted_res = prices_restricted_mod.fit(method='powell', disp=False)
# Money
money_mod = sm.tsa.UnobservedComponents(dta['US monetary base'], **unrestricted_model)
money_res = money_mod.fit(method='powell', disp=False)
money_restricted_mod = sm.tsa.UnobservedComponents(dta['US monetary base'], **restricted_model)
money_restricted_res = money_restricted_mod.fit(method='powell', disp=False)
Once we have fit these models, there are a variety of ways to display the information. Looking at the model of US GNP, we can summarize the fit of the model using the summary
method on the fit object.
[6]:
print(output_res.summary())
Unobserved Components Results
=====================================================================================
Dep. Variable: US GNP No. Observations: 241
Model: local linear trend Log Likelihood 770.016
+ damped stochastic cycle AIC -1528.032
Date: Wed, 02 Nov 2022 BIC -1507.223
Time: 17:10:52 HQIC -1519.645
Sample: 01-01-1948
- 01-01-2008
Covariance Type: opg
====================================================================================
coef std err z P>|z| [0.025 0.975]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sigma2.irregular 1.284e-06 7.31e-06 0.176 0.861 -1.3e-05 1.56e-05
sigma2.level 3.263e-06 4.94e-05 0.066 0.947 -9.36e-05 0.000
sigma2.trend 3.113e-06 1.45e-06 2.149 0.032 2.73e-07 5.95e-06
sigma2.cycle 3.878e-05 2.55e-05 1.522 0.128 -1.12e-05 8.87e-05
frequency.cycle 0.4479 0.047 9.547 0.000 0.356 0.540
damping.cycle 0.8679 0.042 20.662 0.000 0.786 0.950
===================================================================================
Ljung-Box (L1) (Q): 0.00 Jarque-Bera (JB): 9.38
Prob(Q): 0.98 Prob(JB): 0.01
Heteroskedasticity (H): 0.26 Skew: -0.05
Prob(H) (two-sided): 0.00 Kurtosis: 3.97
===================================================================================
Warnings:
[1] Covariance matrix calculated using the outer product of gradients (complex-step).
For unobserved components models, and in particular when exploring stylized facts in line with point (2) from the introduction, it is often more instructive to plot the estimated unobserved components (e.g. the level, trend, and cycle) themselves to see if they provide a meaningful description of the data.
The plot_components
method of the fit object can be used to show plots and confidence intervals of each of the estimated states, as well as a plot of the observed data versus the one-step-ahead predictions of the model to assess fit.
[7]:
fig = output_res.plot_components(legend_loc='lower right', figsize=(15, 9));
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.10.8/x64/lib/python3.10/site-packages/statsmodels/tsa/statespace/structural.py:1738: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in sqrt
std_errors = np.sqrt(component_bunch['%s_cov' % which])
Finally, Harvey and Jaeger summarize the models in another way to highlight the relative importances of the trend and cyclical components; below we replicate their Table I. The values we find are broadly consistent with, but different in the particulars from, the values from their table.
[8]:
# Create Table I
table_i = np.zeros((5,6))
start = dta.index[0]
end = dta.index[-1]
time_range = '%d:%d-%d:%d' % (start.year, start.quarter, end.year, end.quarter)
models = [
('US GNP', time_range, 'None'),
('US Prices', time_range, 'None'),
('US Prices', time_range, r'$\sigma_\eta^2 = 0$'),
('US monetary base', time_range, 'None'),
('US monetary base', time_range, r'$\sigma_\eta^2 = 0$'),
]
index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(models, names=['Series', 'Time range', 'Restrictions'])
parameter_symbols = [
r'$\sigma_\zeta^2$', r'$\sigma_\eta^2$', r'$\sigma_\kappa^2$', r'$\rho$',
r'$2 \pi / \lambda_c$', r'$\sigma_\varepsilon^2$',
]
i = 0
for res in (output_res, prices_res, prices_restricted_res, money_res, money_restricted_res):
if res.model.stochastic_level:
(sigma_irregular, sigma_level, sigma_trend,
sigma_cycle, frequency_cycle, damping_cycle) = res.params
else:
(sigma_irregular, sigma_level,
sigma_cycle, frequency_cycle, damping_cycle) = res.params
sigma_trend = np.nan
period_cycle = 2 * np.pi / frequency_cycle
table_i[i, :] = [
sigma_level*1e7, sigma_trend*1e7,
sigma_cycle*1e7, damping_cycle, period_cycle,
sigma_irregular*1e7
]
i += 1
pd.set_option('float_format', lambda x: '%.4g' % np.round(x, 2) if not np.isnan(x) else '-')
table_i = pd.DataFrame(table_i, index=index, columns=parameter_symbols)
table_i
[8]:
| $\sigma_\zeta^2$ | $\sigma_\eta^2$ | $\sigma_\kappa^2$ | $\rho$ | $2 \pi / \lambda_c$ | $\sigma_\varepsilon^2$ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Series | Time range | Restrictions | ||||||
| US GNP | 1948:1-2008:1 | None | 32.63 | 31.13 | 387.8 | 0.87 | 14.03 | 12.84 |
| US Prices | 1948:1-2008:1 | None | 44.69 | 29.72 | 0 | 0.92 | 10.02 | 8.08 |
| $\sigma_\eta^2 = 0$ | 22.07 | NaN | 49.29 | 0.89 | 15.35 | 4.86 | ||
| US monetary base | 1948:1-2008:1 | None | 63.38 | 19.02 | 196.4 | 0.89 | 23.14 | 0 |
| $\sigma_\eta^2 = 0$ | 18.95 | NaN | 247.3 | 0.89 | 23.8 | 0 |


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2015
Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in p p Collisions at s= 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments
Aad, Georges and Abbott, B and Abdallah, J and Abdinov, O and Aben, R and Abolins, M and AbouZeid, OS and Abramowicz, H and Abreu, H and Abreu, R and othersPhysical review letters 114 (19):191803
The generalized unicorn problem in Finsler geometry
Cheng, Xinyue and Zou, YangyangDifferential Geometry-Dynamical Systems 17:38–48
2013
Unicorn: A system for searching the social graph
Curtiss, Michael and Becker, Iain and Bosman, Tudor and Doroshenko, Sergey and Grijincu, Lucian and Jackson, Tom and Kunnatur, Sandhya and Lassen, Soren and Pronin, Philip and Sankar, Sriram and othersProceedings of the VLDB Endowment 6 (11):1150–1161
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The unicorn, the normal curve, and other improbable creatures.
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Designing the Database¶
This is a log of major design decisions and reasoning made during creation of the database section of decompy. At the time of writing this, this is made up of one class based off of the design diagram.
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Next: Printing Conditions, Previous: Condition Types, Up: Condition System Concepts
The function make-condition can be used to construct a condition object explicitly. Functions such as error, cerror, signal, and warn operate on conditions and might create condition objects implicitly. Macros such as ccase, ctypecase, ecase, etypecase, check-type, and assert might also implicitly create (and signal) conditions.
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