- Spear goblins: 2 elixer
- Bomber: 3 elixer
- Skeleton giant: 6 elixer
- Skeleton army: 3 elixer
- Witch: 5 elixer
- Wall breakers: 2 elixer
- Goblin barrel: 3 elixer
- Fireball: 4 elixer
Average elixer: 3.5 elixer
Introduction:
This deck is a fun beatdown deck that can also be used for defence until double elixir.As you can see, this deck has troops only Skeleton or Goblin related. (except Fireball) This deck got me through late-Arena 2 and early-Arena 3 battles with a few changes.
Card roles
- Spear goblins-they are the main air defence as well as support troops, but they are highly recommended for defence because you know, they are one of the only air defence troops. If you insist on using Spear goblins on offence, just know they can't do lot's 'o damage.(Only chip damage)
- Bomber-this is your cheap area damage and horde killer. You should never use him for minions, because he only attacks ground troops, not air troops. When countering this troop, be sure to use a spell like fireball and use a Mini P.E.K.K.A. or ranged single troop.(MUSKETEER! HUNTER! BABY DRAGON!) also, don't use Skeleton army since the bomber can DEMOLISH Skeleton army in seconds!(and use Bomber against Skeleton armies hacking at your tanks!)
- Skeleton giant-This is your main win condition. He is a tank and when he dies, He drops a bomb that does 800+ damage that kills most mini-tanks and support troops. He is a great troop to launch a suicide attack on Barbrarians and Witch. For damage on the tower, make a distraction on one lane and Skeleton giant the other.
- Skeleton army-use it to kill any tank without Bomber or Valkyrie support. You can also use it to surround Goblin barrels and mini-tanks. It is also good for killing Giants before they get to the tower, but if there are support troops, the Giant might get a few hits. Basically, defence only.
- Witch-She is your only other air damage troop. Remember: she can be crippled by a Fireball, so spawn her at the back to have more spawned Skeletons. Use her as defence, as she has not much offensive value.  Also, because she is one of your only air defence, spawn her against Prince and Baby dragons.
- Wall breakers-are they Bombers or are they normal Skeletons? Use them for attacking and if the enemy spawns a cannon, launch the Wall breakers. They cripple or kill the cannon for an elixer advantage. Also use them for attacking towers, because if there is no interference, they can deal alot of damage.
- Goblin barrel-How do three Goblins even fit in there? This card is a spell to deal chip damage or distract the tower for a push. A strategy is to first place is right on the tower so that the Goblins spread out. The enemy will likely Arrows or Fireball the Goblins. The next time, throw them into the corner so that the spell misses.(and gives you a good elixir advantage!)
- Fireball-Just Fireball all moderate health things so that the thing is dead or crippled. Fireball everything up to Arena 2 except Giant and Skeleton giant.  Yikes! (a tip from arena 11: don't fireball Tesla when it is underground. It does no damage. Only EQ/Earthquake damages the underground Tesla.)
Strategy
Early game
- Use the Witch to test out your enemy's spells or troops. So say you lured a Skeleton army, then you would know that you could use a Bomber for defence a lot.
- You might use a Skeleton giant at the beginning. It forces a response, but it might be fatal because they will launh a counter attack that can't be beaten before it lands hits on the tower. Even though the Skeleton giant's bomb will get the enemy, the enemy can still deal a lot of damage, so it is not recommended.
- Goblin barrel is a good card to use with Wall breakers. First, place Goblin barrel in the far corner. Then, do Wall breakers at the bridge. If the enemy doesn't think of it as much, this could possibly do 500+ to 1000+ damage!!!
Mid-game
- Play more aggresively with the Skeleton giant and support it with Bomber
or Witch. The tower will lock on to the Skeleton giant, allowing the
support troop to deal massive damage.
- The Witch can very easily deal tower damage due to her long range, but the skeletons are the actual ones that deal the majority of the damage.
- A bomber can wipe out Skeleton armies and ground hordes. Don't be mistaken: It can do a lot of damage to the tower too!
- This is not a push at the beginning because they can just do a cannon or a spawner and push the other side. If they do so, then FIREBALL IT IMMEDIATELY!
- Watch the opponent's cards. If they have only one building, Wait for them to use it. Then, do Skeleton giant. Support it if you can and maybe you'll even get the tower.
Late-game
- Due to the double elixir, use the Skeleton giant and Witch a lot. They can be used to force a reaction out of the enemy, instead of gathering elixir for a push. That can make the opponent use the cards they want to use for a push.
- Something fun would be a Goblin barrel and a skeleton army for offence. The tower would lock on to the Goblins, allowing your Skeleton army to easily rush to the tower.
- Push with everything. Play crazy and don't allow the enemy to attack.
Main counters and how to deal with them
- Baby dragon-this is a huge counter and it can cripple your Bomber, Wall breakers, Witch, Skeleton army, and Goblin barrel. The way to counter it is to surround it with Spear goblins and then do Witch. Or, just do a Fireball at it.
- Valkyrie-it is effective against mostly everything in this deck. Fireball it and it should only get one hit on the tower max.


Next: make-synonym-stream, Previous: finish-output, Up: Streams Dictionary
y-or-n-p
&optional control &rest arguments ⇒ generalized-boolean
yes-or-no-p
&optional control &rest arguments ⇒ generalized-boolean
control—a format control.
arguments—format arguments for control.
generalized-boolean—a generalized boolean.
These functions ask a question and parse a response from the user. They return true if the answer is affirmative, or false if the answer is negative.
y-or-n-p is for asking the user a question whose answer is either "yes" or "no." It is intended that the reply require the user to answer a yes-or-no question with a single character. yes-or-no-p is also for asking the user a question whose answer is either "Yes" or "No." It is intended that the reply require the user to take more action than just a single keystroke, such as typing the full word yes or no followed by a newline.
y-or-n-p types out a message (if supplied), reads an answer in some implementation-dependent manner (intended to be short and simple, such as reading a single character such as Y or N). yes-or-no-p types out a message (if supplied), attracts the user’s attention (for example, by ringing the terminal’s bell), and reads an answer in some implementation-dependent manner (intended to be multiple characters, such as YES or NO).
If format-control is supplied and not nil, then a fresh-line operation is performed; then a message is printed as if format-control and arguments were given to format. In any case, yes-or-no-p and y-or-n-p will provide a prompt such as "(Y or N)" or "(Yes or No)" if appropriate.
All input and output are performed using query I/O.
(y-or-n-p "(t or nil) given by") |> (t or nil) given by (Y or N) |>>Y<<| ⇒ true (yes-or-no-p "a ~S message" 'frightening) |> a FRIGHTENING message (Yes or No) |>>no<<| ⇒ false (y-or-n-p "Produce listing file?") |> Produce listing file? |> Please respond with Y or N. |>>n<<| ⇒ false
Output to and input from query I/O will occur.
*query-io*.
yes-or-no-p and yes-or-no-p do not add question marks to the end of the prompt string, so any desired question mark or other punctuation should be explicitly included in the text query.
Next: make-synonym-stream, Previous: finish-output, Up: Streams Dictionary


Coming soon... I will build a full E-Commerce Site
A fully responsive site design
Coming soon... Hackers Nightmare
Front End Developer
On my way to become a full stack dev, love to learn and improve my skills.


---
layout: post
title: PlasmoDB 5.2 is released
category: [PlasmoDB]
---
PlasmoDB 5.2 brings a new emphasis on genetic markers, in the form of four new datasets relating to Plasmodium polymorphisms. This data is available in the Genome Browser, on the Gene page and in queries. We continue to move key data from the PlasmoDB 4.4 site to the current site: this release re-introduces gametocyte expression data and expression profile similarity search. The Gene page now includes matches to Interpro protein domains and the Genome Browser offers tracks ESTs from dbEST.
The PlasmoDB 5.2 site also includes new features such as allowing you to keep your Query History for later use, an improved keyword search and a significantly upgraded Query & Tools page.
New data and queries in PlasmoDB 5.2:
- Array data from Kidgell et al. PLoS Pathogens 2006 A systematic map of genetic variation in Plasmodium falciparum.
- Polymorphism data based on resequencing and array analyses.
- SNPs generated by the NIH: Based on CDS sequences from strains 3D7, 7G8, D10, Dd2, HB3 (kindly provided in advance of publication by X. Su; reference: J. Mu et al, Nature Genetics, in press)
- SNPs generated by the Broad Institute: Based on whole genome sequence for strains Dd2 and HB3, and partial genome sequence for multiple strains (kindly provided in advance of publication by D. Decaprio, S.K. Volkman & D.F. Wirth; reference: S.K. Volkman et al, Nature Genetics, in press)
- SNPs generated by the WTSI: Based on whole genome sequence for strains Ghana1 and IT and a comparison with P. reichenowi (kindly provided in advance of publication by D.C. Jeffares & M. Berriman; reference: D.C. Jeffares et al, Nature Genetics, in press).
- Array CGH data on a variety of Plasmodium strains kindly provided by E. Winzeler.
- A query to generate gene lists based on SNP characteristics such as non-synonymous / synonymous substitutions and SNP density.
- Plasmodium ESTs from the Oct. 2, 2006 release of dbEST.
- Interproscan analysis of Plasmodium proteins.
- PlasmoCyc pathways, available from gene pages
New features in PlasmoDB 5.2:
- Save past searches (Persistent Query History)
- Reorganized Query and Tools page
- Improved text search
- New tutorial movies
Features and data moved from PlasmoDB 4.4 to 5.2:
- Gametocyte data from Young et al. Mol Biochem parasitol 2005.
- Expression profile similarity for erythrocytic stage data from P. falciparum 3D7, HB3, and DD2 (Llinas et al., Nucl. Acids. Res. 2006; Bozdech et al PLos Biol 2003). New to 5.2 is the inclusion of P. berghei data (Hall et al. Science 2005).


Smoke shrouds Sydney as fires continue
Hazardous smoke blanketed Sydney on Thursday as wildfires burned across eastern and southern Australia.
Thick smog shrouded Australia’s most populous city, leaving its iconic skyline barely visible two days after smoke created serious air quality issues.
The New South Wales Rural Fire Service said the smoke came from some of the 50-plus wildfires burning mainly in northern parts of the state. Air pollution levels were reading nearly 10 times higher than the national standard.
“The smoke is expected to continue for several days,” the fire service said.
Wildfires have destroyed more than 600 homes in the state of New South Wales, of which Sydney is the capital.
The annual Australian fire season normally peaks during the southern hemisphere summer, but has started early after an unusually warm and dry winter.
People with respiratory or heart conditions were advised to stay indoors and seek medical advice when necessary.
The fire danger has also spread, with authorities declaring a high fire risk for parts of the southern state of Victoria.
Temperatures were forecast to breach 40C (104F) in the state’s north.
Victoria Emergency Management Commissioner Andrew Crisp warned Victorians to be vigilant.
“Given fires could start and move quickly, you won’t always receive a warning or be told what to do if a fire starts,” he said.
The fire danger was also elevated to “severe” in the island state of Tasmania, while more than 40 wildfires have broken out in South Australia.
READ MORE
Trump directed Ukraine quid pro quo, says key impeachment witness


Issue: LOAD-OBJECTS
References: none
Related issues: LOAD-TIME-EVAL,
Category: ADDITION
Forum: Cleanup
Edit history: Version 1, 2-Jan-89, by Moon (for discussion)
Version 2, 13-Jan-89, by Moon (draft updated from discussion)
Version 3, 9-Mar-89, by Moon (changes suggested by discussion)
Version 4, 4-Apr-89, by Pitman (changes per X3J13 Mar 89;
MAKE-LOAD-FORM-USING-SLOTS => MAKE-LOAD-FORM-SAVING-SLOTS)
Status: Accepted by an 18-0 vote, March 1989.
Problem description:
Common Lisp doesn't provide any way to use an object of a user-defined
type (defined with DEFCLASS or DEFSTRUCT) as a constant in a program
compiled with COMPILE-FILE. The problem is that LOAD has to be able
to "reconstruct" an equivalent object when the compiled-code file is
loaded, but the programmer has no way to tell LOAD how to do that.
Proposal (LOAD-OBJECTS:MAKE-LOAD-FORM):
Define a new generic function named MAKE-LOAD-FORM, which takes one
argument and returns two values. The argument is an object that is
referenced as a constant or as a self-evaluating form in a file being
compiled by COMPILE-FILE. The objective is to enable LOAD to
construct an equivalent object.
The first value, called the "creation form," is a form that, when
evaluated at load time, should return an object that is equivalent to
the argument. The exact meaning of "equivalent" depends on the type
of object and is up to the programmer who defines a method for
MAKE-LOAD-FORM. This is the same type of equivalence discussed
in issue CONSTANT-COMPILABLE-TYPES.
The second value, called the "initialization form," is a form that,
when evaluated at load time, should perform further initialization of
the object. The value returned by the initialization form is ignored.
If the MAKE-LOAD-FORM method returns only one value, the
initialization form is NIL, which has no effect. If the object used
as the argument to MAKE-LOAD-FORM appears as a constant in the
initialization form, at load time it will be replaced by the
equivalent object constructed by the creation form; this is how the
further initialization gains access to the object.
Both the creation form and the initialization form can contain
references to objects of user-defined types (defined precisely below).
However, there must not be any circular dependencies in creation forms.
An example of a circular dependency is when the creation form for the
object X contains a reference to the object Y, and the creation form
for the object Y contains a reference to the object X. A simpler
example would be when the creation form for the object X contains
a reference to X itself. Initialization forms are not subject to
any restriction against circular dependencies, which is the entire
reason that initialization forms exist. See the example of circular
data structures below.
The creation form for an object is always evaluated before the
initialization form for that object. When either the creation form or
the initialization form references other objects of user-defined types
that have not been referenced earlier in the COMPILE-FILE, the
compiler collects all of the creation and initialization forms. Each
initialization form is evaluated as soon as possible after its
creation form, as determined by data flow. If the initialization form
for an object does not reference any other objects of user-defined
types that have not been referenced earlier in the COMPILE-FILE, the
initialization form is evaluated immediately after the creation form.
If a creation or initialization form F references other objects of
user-defined types that have not been referenced earlier in the
COMPILE-FILE, the creation forms for those other objects are evaluated
before F, and the initialization forms for those other objects are
also evaluated before F whenever they do not depend on the object
created or initialized by F. Where the above rules do not uniquely
determine an order of evaluation, which of the possible orders of
evaluation is chosen is unspecified.
While these creation and initialization forms are being evaluated, the
objects are possibly in an uninitialized state, analogous to the state
of an object between the time it has been created by ALLOCATE-INSTANCE
and it has been processed fully by INITIALIZE-INSTANCE. Programmers
writing methods for MAKE-LOAD-FORM must take care in manipulating
objects not to depend on slots that have not yet been initialized.
It is unspecified whether LOAD calls EVAL on the forms or does some
other operation that has an equivalent effect. For example, the
forms might be translated into different but equivalent forms and
then evaluated, they might be compiled and the resulting functions
called by LOAD, or they might be interpreted by a special-purpose
interpreter different from EVAL. All that is required is that the
effect be equivalent to evaluating the forms.
COMPILE-FILE calls MAKE-LOAD-FORM on any object that is referenced as
a constant or as a self-evaluating form, if the object's metaclass is
STANDARD-CLASS, STRUCTURE-CLASS, any user-defined metaclass (not a
subclass of BUILT-IN-CLASS), or any of a possibly-empty
implementation-defined list of other metaclasses. COMPILE-FILE will
only call MAKE-LOAD-FORM once for any given object (compared with EQ)
within a single file.
It is valid for user programs to call MAKE-LOAD-FORM in other
circumstances, providing the argument's metaclass is not BUILT-IN-CLASS
or a subclass of BUILT-IN-CLASS.
Define a new function named MAKE-LOAD-FORM-SAVING-SLOTS, which takes
one required argument and one optional argument and returns two
values. This can be useful in user-written MAKE-LOAD-FORM methods.
The first argument is the object. The optional second argument is a
list of the names of the slots to preserve; it defaults to all of the
local slots. MAKE-LOAD-FORM-SAVING-SLOTS returns forms that construct
an equivalent object using MAKE-INSTANCE and SETF of SLOT-VALUE for
slots with values, or SLOT-MAKUNBOUND for slots without values, or
using other functions of equivalent effect.
MAKE-LOAD-FORM-SAVING-SLOTS returns two values, thus it can deal with
circular structures. MAKE-LOAD-FORM-SAVING-SLOTS works for any object
of metaclass STANDARD-CLASS or STRUCTURE-CLASS. Whether the result is
useful in an application depends on whether the object's type and slot
contents fully capture the application's idea of the object's state.
MAKE-LOAD-FORM of an object of metaclass STANDARD-CLASS or
STRUCTURE-CLASS for which no user-defined method is applicable signals
an error. It is valid to implement this either by defining default
methods on STANDARD-OBJECT and STRUCTURE-OBJECT that signal an error
or by having no applicable method for those classes.
Examples:
;; Example 1
(defclass my-class ()
((a :initarg :a :reader my-a)
(b :initarg :b :reader my-b)
(c :accessor my-c)))
(defmethod shared-initialize ((self my-class) ignore &rest ignore)
(unless (slot-boundp self 'c)
(setf (my-c self) (some-computation (my-a self) (my-b self)))))
(defmethod make-load-form ((self my-class))
`(make-instance ',(class-name (class-of self))
:a ',(my-a self) :b ',(my-b self)))
In this example, an equivalent instance of my-class is reconstructed
by using the values of two of its slots. The value of the third slot
is derived from those two values.
Another way to write the last form in the above example would have been
(defmethod make-load-form ((self my-class))
(make-load-form-saving-slots self '(a b)))
;; Example 2
(defclass my-frob ()
((name :initarg :name :reader my-name)))
(defmethod make-load-form ((self my-frob))
`(find-my-frob ',(my-name self) :if-does-not-exist :create))
In this example, instances of my-frob are "interned" in some way.
An equivalent instance is reconstructed by using the value of the
name slot as a key for searching existing objects. In this case
the programmer has chosen to create a new object if no existing
object is found; alternatively she could have chosen to signal an
error in that case.
;; Example 3
(defclass tree-with-parent () ((parent :accessor tree-parent)
(children :initarg :children)))
(defmethod make-load-form ((x tree-with-parent))
;; creation form
`(make-instance ',(class-of x) :children ',(slot-value x 'children))
;; initialization form
`(setf (tree-parent ',x) ',(slot-value x 'parent))))
In this example, the data structure to be dumped is circular, because
each parent has a list of its children and each child has a reference
back to its parent. Suppose make-load-form is called on one object in
such a structure. The creation form creates an equivalent object and
fills in the children slot, which forces creation of equivalent
objects for all of its children, grandchildren, etc. At this point
none of the parent slots have been filled in. The initialization form
fills in the parent slot, which forces creation of an equivalent
object for the parent if it was not already created. Thus the entire
tree is recreated at load time. At compile time, MAKE-LOAD-FORM is
called once for each object in the true. All of the creation forms
are evaluated, in unspecified order, and then all of the
initialization forms are evaluated, also in unspecified order.
;; Example 4
(defstruct my-struct a b c)
(defmethod make-load-form ((s my-struct))
(make-load-form-saving-slots s))
In this example, the data structure to be dumped has no special
properties and an equivalent structure can be reconstructed
simply by reconstructing the slots' contents.
Rationale:
Only the programmer who designed a class can know the correct
way to reconstruct objects of that class at load time, therefore
the reconstruction should be controlled by a generic function.
Using EVAL as the interface for telling LOAD what to do provides
full generality.
MAKE-LOAD-FORM returns two values so that circular structures can
be handled. If CONSTANT-CIRCULAR-COMPILATION is rejected,
MAKE-LOAD-FORM will only return one value, although implementations
that make an extension to support circular constants will probably
also make the extension to accept two values from MAKE-LOAD-FORM.
The default for class objects and structures is to signal an error,
rather than picking some particular object reconstruction technique,
because no reconstruction technique is appropriate for all objects.
It only takes two lines of code, as in example 4, to instruct the
compiler to use the technique that most often has been suggested
as the default.
MAKE-LOAD-FORM has a natural resemblance to PRINT-OBJECT, as a hook
for the programmer to control the system's actions.
The order of evaluation rules for creation and initialization forms
eliminate the possibility of partially initialized objects in the
absence of circular structures, and reduce it to the minimum possible
in the presence of circular structures. This allows nodes in
non-circular structures to be built out of fully initialized subparts.
Current practice:
Symbolics Flavors has something like this, but under a different name.
The name Symbolics uses is not suitable for standardization.
JonL reports that Lucid is getting more and more requests for this.
Cost to Implementors:
This seems like only a few one-line changes in the compiled-code
file writer and reader. MAKE-LOAD-FORM-SAVING-SLOTS is a couple
dozen lines of code, assuming the presence of the CLOS metaobject
protocol or an implementation-dependent equivalent.
Cost to Users:
None.
Cost of non-adoption:
Serious impairment of the ability to use extended-type objects. Each
implementation will probably make up its own version of this as an
extension.
Performance impact:
None.
Benefits:
See Cost of non-adoption.
Esthetics:
No significant positive or negative impact.
Discussion:
It would be possible to define an additional level of protocol that
allows multiple classes to contribute to the reconstruction of an
object, combining initialization arguments contributed by each class.
Since a user can easily define that in terms of MAKE-LOAD-FORM without
modifying the Lisp system, it is not being proposed now.
Any type that has a read syntax is likely to appear as a quoted
constant or inside a quoted constant. Pathnames are one example, user
programs often define others. Also many implementations provide a way
to create a compiled-code file full of data (rather than compiled Lisp
programs), and such data probably include extended-type objects.
Moon supports this. David Gray and John Rose made major contributions
to the discussion that produced this improved version 2 proposal.


|
Hello Melissa,
Thank you for joining the World’s Best Bars community.
You can now save your favourite bars to your personal profile
and leaving tips telling others about the bars you have visited.
We will also send you a regular email based on the cities you are interested in with any new bars that have opened.
|
|
|
|
Berry Park
Lower Manhattan, New York
From the team behind the acclaimed Employees Only and David Waltuck, chef and owner
rooftop, romance, classy, ambiente
|
|


continue
step
Step:
over
in
out
File:
Clear console on restart
Redirect remote console here
Breakpoints
update breakpoints
clear breakpoints
break on next
Execute
Clear console
⇧
>


--- layout: default ---
Sorry, looks like the page you requested either no longer exists, or never existed.


| Advanced Toggle advanced window | |
|---|---|
| Passphrase | |
| Word entropy (Shannon) | |
| Character entropy (NIST) | |
| Character entropy (Shannon) | |
| Target entropy | |
| Estimated cracking time at BTC hash rate | |
| Dictionary | |
| Word count | |
| Unique characters | |
| Entropy per character | |
| Entropy per word |


COMFORTABLY NUMB A film review by Nicholas Parrott Copyright 1995 Nicholas Parrott
Welsh International Film Festival 1995
Idealistic young lawyer William Best leaves the security of his prestigious family practice to go to work public prosecutors office in Manhattan. Out on the town with one night with a colleague he meets and is bedded by the seductive Meadow Adare, little knowing that she is an escort girl and that the treat was paid for by his friend. Their relationship blossoms as she introduces him to a world of parties and hard drugs. But the heroin takes its toll and he is unable to live up to his high flying job.
Despite fine acting by the two leads this movie plumbs the depths of cinematic clichi. The idealistic ivy leaguer falling prey to the corrupting influence of the underworld; the hooker who starts dating one of her clients and; the power of drugs to wreck peoples lives. >From the moment she introduces him to heroin he hits a downward slope and never once looks like pulling himself off of it. The message, that smack kills, has been told before (although perhaps it needs telling time and time again) but in this instance the storyline is predictably told and halfway into the film there is little doubt what the outcome will be.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Warning: Your browser doesn't support a canvas. Please use a compatiable browser like firefox or chromium.


It is important for traditional surgeons to register with the department of health to ensure they have the requisite skills to perform circumcisions. If you would like to register, fill out these fields and a government official will contact you.
{% extends "layout_desktop.html" %} {% block content %}
It is important for traditional surgeons to register with the department of health to ensure they have the requisite skills to perform circumcisions. If you would like to register, fill out these fields and a government official will contact you.


What even is 3D Printing?
3D printing is a process of making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where layers of material are laid down in different shapes.
- thanks Wikipedia!
Why on Earth should I care about this?
Because 3D Printing is going to make the future better
It's going to change your life, man.
Revolutionising power!
"While installation is the dominate cost for solar power, it is estimated that precision 3D printing could drop production costs by 50%."
guardian.co.uk / gu.com/p/3exzx/tw
3D printing on the moon!
"By using the Moon’s loose rocks (regolith) as a base for concrete, robots based on Monolite’s D-Shape 3-D printer will be able to build up a structure that uses as many local materials as possible."
Wired / bit.ly/YuAalr
Sparking a new industrial revolution!
"...the front lines of a new industrial revolution as today’s entrepreneurs, using open source design and 3-D printing, bring manufacturing to the desktop."
Buy the book / http://amzn.com/0307720950
This is all so new fangled...
This is great! Let me explain what you can do.
You can print things in:
- Plastic
- Stainless Steel
- Silver
- Titanium
- Aluminium/plastic hybrid
- Ceramic (tea, earl grey, hot)
- Sandstone
- Glass
- Food
- Organic matter/cells
Layers
3D printing works by deposting lots of little layers of material on top of each other.
What can I print?
- Cats!
- Almost anything, size permitting.
- Complexity is free! Customisation is also free!
- Moving parts and fully assembled machines
3D Printer Anatomy
Belts + Pulleys
Screws Drive
Stepper Motor
Controller (Sanguinololu)
Filament
Extruder
Hobbed Bolt
Hot End
Print Bed
Great! Send me a printer via Amazon Prime right meow!
Woah. Woah.
Ask yourself:
- How much do I want to spend?
- How much space do I have for one?
- What do I want to use it for?
- How much do I care about style?
- Am I a tinkerer, or do I want it to 'just work'?
- Do I want to build my own?
- Do I want to support open source?
- Is ABS or PLA right for me?
Price range
Desktop home printers cost between $400 and $3500.
Price is not always an indicator, but as far as reliability and autonomy goes, the general rule is that you get what you pay for.
Lowest price: Printrbot Jr
Highest price: Formlabs Form 1
(as of Feb, 2013)
What is the deal with ABS and PLA?
They are both differing types of plastic you can buy to use with your 3D printer. ABS is the stuff Lego pieces are made of, and PLA is a corn derived non toxic plastic.
ABS
- Lego!
- Higher melting point - 437°F (225°C)
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THE END
BY @suziam & @makenai


Launched in 2010, AliExpress has now become the #1 e-commerce platform in Russia, and continues to grow in markets around the world. As our user shifts towards mainstream and our seller grows, the challenges within platform compound.
UX team
Based on the familiarity of whole checkout flow, a concept design for AliExpress main pages can be eaily deliveried.
With the communication and collaboration of our whole design team, we started from concept design then to a unified design system.
Collaborate closely with cross-functional team
We carefully made four adjustments for the design components.
1. Title size and Style: the size of title increased from 38px to 56px, style changed from normal to bold
2. Height of Cell: height of cell decreased from 96px to 88px
3. Padding of Page: padding of page decreased from 40px to 36px
4. Corner Radios: corner radios of button decreased from 12px to 2px
With the components built, we efficiently deliveried all other pages.
On Saturday, November 11, 2017. The DAU (Daily Active User) increased by 560%, Number of Downloads increased by 260%.


JScrollPane
provides a scrollable view of a component.
When screen real estate is limited,
use a scroll pane to display
a component that is large or
one whose size can change dynamically.
Other containers used to save screen space include
split panes and
tabbed panes.
The code to create a scroll pane can be minimal. For example, here's a picture of a demo program that puts a text area in a scroll pane because the text area's size grows dynamically as text is appended to it:
Here's the code that creates the text area, makes it the scroll pane's client, and adds the scroll pane to a container:
//In a container that uses a BorderLayout: textArea = new JTextArea(5, 30); ... JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea); ... setPreferredSize(new Dimension(450, 110)); ... add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
JScrollPane
,
specifying the text area as the scroll pane's client.
The program doesn't invoke any methods on the JScrollPane
object,
since the scroll pane handles everything automatically:
creating the scroll bars when necessary,
redrawing the client when the user moves the scroll knobs,
and so on.
You might have noticed that the preceding code
sets the preferred size of the scroll pane's container.
In the Java look and feel,
this preferred size happens to be a bit less tall
than required for the text area to display the 5 rows that we requested
when creating it,
so the scroll bar initially displays a vertical scroll bar.
If we didn't restrict the size of the scroll pane's container,
the scroll pane would be big enough
for the text area to display the full 5 rows and 30 columns
specified with the JTextArea
constructor.
Refer to
Sizing a Scroll Pane
for information about techniques
for making a scroll pane the size you want.
The rest of this section discusses the following topics:
JComponent
API,
but it is implemented by the custom component
that displays the image.
//Where the member variables are declared: private ScrollablePicture picture; ... //Where the GUI is created: picture = new ScrollablePicture( ... ); JScrollPane pictureScrollPane = new JScrollPane(picture);
setViewportView
method.
Note that JScrollPane
has no corresponding
getViewportView
method.
If you need to refer to the client object again,
you can either
cache it in a variable
or invoke getViewport().getViewportView()
on the scroll pane.
When the user manipulates the scroll bars in a scroll pane, the area of the client that is visible changes accordingly. This picture shows the relationship between the scroll pane and its client and indicates the classes that the scroll pane commissions to help:
A scroll pane uses a
JViewport
instance to manage the visible area of the client.
The viewport is responsible for
positioning and sizing the client,
based on the positions
of the scroll bars,
and displaying it.
A scroll pane may use two separate instances of
JScrollBar
for the scroll bars. The scroll bars provide the
interface for the user to manipulate the visible area.
The following figure shows the three areas of a scroll bar:
the knob (sometimes called the thumb), the (arrow) buttons, and the track.
When the user moves the knob on the vertical scroll bar up and down, the visible area of the client moves up and down. Similarly, when the user moves the knob on the horizontal scroll bar to the right and left, the visible area of the client moves back and forth accordingly. The position of the knob relative to its track is proportionally equal to the position of the visible area relative to the client. In the Java look and feel and some others, the size of the knob gives a visual clue as to how much of the client is visible.
By clicking a arrow button, the user can scroll by a unit increment. By clicking within the track, the user can scroll by a block increment. If the user has a mouse with a wheel, then the user can scroll vertically using the mouse wheel. The amount that the mouse wheel scrolls is platform dependent. For example, by default on Windows XP, the mouse wheel scrolls three unit increments; the Mouse control panel allows you to specify a different number of unit increments or to use a block increment instead. More information about unit and block increments is in Implementing a Scrolling-Savvy Client.
Typical programs don't directly instantiate or
call methods on a viewport or scroll bar.
Instead, programs achieve their scrolling
behavior using the JScrollPane
API
and the API discussed in
Implementing a Scrolling-Savvy Client.
Some scrolling-savvy components such as
JList
, JTable
,
and JTree
also provide
additional API
to help you affect their scrolling behavior.
Setting the Scroll Bar Policy
On startup, the scroll pane in the ScrollDemo
application has two scroll bars.
If you make the window large,
both scroll bars disappear because they are no longer needed.
If you then shrink the height of the window without
changing its width,
the vertical scroll bar reappears.
Further experimentation will show that
in this application
both scroll bars disappear and reappear as needed.
This behavior is controlled by the scroll pane's
scroll bar policy,
Actually, it's two policies:
each scroll bar has its own.
ScrollDemo
doesn't explicitly set
the scroll pane's scroll bar policies —
it uses the default.
You can set the policies when you create the scroll pane
or change them dynamically.
Of the constructors provided by JScrollPane
,
these two let you set the scroll bar policies
when you create the scroll pane:
JScrollPane(Component, int, int) JScrollPane(int, int)
int
specifies the policy for the vertical
scroll bar; the second specifies the policy for the horizontal scroll bar.
You can also set the policies dynamically with the
setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy
and
setVerticalScrollBarPolicy
methods.
With both the constructors and the methods, use
one of the following constants defined
in the
ScrollPaneConstants
interface (which is implemented by JScrollPane
):
| Policy | Description |
|---|---|
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED
|
The default. The scroll bar appears when the viewport is smaller than the client and disappears when the viewport is larger than the client. |
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS
|
Always display the scroll bar. The knob disappears if the viewport is large enough to show the whole client. |
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER
|
Never display the scroll bar. Use this option if you don't want the user to directly control what part of the client is shown, or if you want them to use only non-scroll-bar techniques (such as dragging). |
As shown in the figure, the scroll pane in ScrollDemo
has custom row and column headers.
Additionally, because all four sides are populated,
all four corners are present.
The program customizes three of the corners —
two just fill their area with the same color as the Rule
s,
and the other contains a toggle button.
The fourth corner, the lower right corner,
is the default provided by the scroll pane.
Notice that because the row and column headers are always present
in this example,
the toggle button is also always present.
If a corner contains a control that the user needs access to all the time, make sure the sides that intersect at the corner are always present. For example, if this application placed the toggle in the lower right corner where the scroll bars intersect, then the toggle would disappear if the user resized the window and even one of the scroll bars disappeared.
The scroll pane's row and column headers are provided
by a custom JComponent
subclass,
Rule
,
that draws a ruler in centimeters or inches.
Here's the code that creates and sets the scroll pane's row
and column headers:
//Where the member variables are defined: private Rule columnView; private Rule rowView; ... //Where the GUI is initialized: ImageIcon bee = createImageIcon("images/flyingBee.jpg"); ... //Create the row and column headers. columnView = new Rule(Rule.HORIZONTAL, true); rowView = new Rule(Rule.VERTICAL, true); ... pictureScrollPane.setColumnHeaderView(columnView); pictureScrollPane.setRowHeaderView(rowView);
JViewPort
s of their own.
Thus, when scrolling horizontally, the column header follows along,
and when scrolling vertically, the row header follows along. Make sure the
row and column have the same width and height as the view, because JScrollPane does not
enforce these values to have the same size. If one differs from the other, you are
likely to not get the desired behavior.
As a JComponent
subclass,
our custom Rule
class puts its rendering code
in its paintComponent
method.
The Rule
rendering code takes care
to draw only within the current clipping bounds,
to ensure speedy scrolling.
Your custom row and column headers should do the same.
You can also use any component for the corners of a scroll pane.
ScrollDemo
illustrates this by putting a toggle
button in the upper left corner,
and custom
Corner
objects in the upper right and lower left corners.
Here's the code that creates
the Corner
objects and calls setCorner
to place them:
//Create the corners. JPanel buttonCorner = new JPanel(); //use FlowLayout isMetric = new JToggleButton("cm", true); isMetric.setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.PLAIN, 11)); isMetric.setMargin(new Insets(2,2,2,2)); isMetric.addItemListener(this); buttonCorner.add(isMetric); ... //Set the corners. pictureScrollPane.setCorner(JScrollPane.UPPER_LEFT_CORNER, buttonCorner); pictureScrollPane.setCorner(JScrollPane.LOWER_LEFT_CORNER, new Corner()); pictureScrollPane.setCorner(JScrollPane.UPPER_RIGHT_CORNER, new Corner());
Remember that the size of each corner is determined by
the size of the sides intersecting there.
For some components
you must take care that the specific instance
of the component fits in its corner.
For example, the program sets the font and margins
on the toggle button so that
it fits within the space established by the headers.
It's not an issue with the Corner
class
because that class colors its entire bounds,
whatever they happen to be, with a solid color.
As you can see from the code, constants indicate the corner positions. This figure shows the constant for each position:
ScrollPaneConstants
interface, which JScrollPane
implements.
Scrollable
interface.
By implementing Scrollable
,
a client can specify both
the size of the viewport used to view it
and the amount to scroll for clicks on the different controls on a scroll bar. You can also
specify if the view should track the size of the viewport. This is typically used when the viewport
is bigger than the view, but the view should fill the available space.
setUnitIncrement
and
setBlockIncrement
methods of
JScrollBar
.
For example, the following code sets the unit increment
for vertical scrolling to 10 pixels:
scrollPane.getVerticalScrollBar().setUnitIncrement(10);
Here again are the three control areas of a scroll bar: the knob, the buttons, and the track.
ScrollDemo
that clicking the buttons
scrolls the image to a tick boundary.
You might also
have noticed that clicking in the track scrolls the
picture by a "screenful". More generally, the button
scrolls the visible area by a unit increment and the track
scrolls the visible area by a block increment.
The behavior you see in the example is not the scroll pane's default
behavior, but is specified by the client
in its implementation of the Scrollable
interface.
The client for the ScrollDemo
program is
ScrollablePicture
.
ScrollablePicture
is a subclass of JLabel
that provides implementations of all five Scrollable
methods:
getScrollableBlockIncrement
getScrollableUnitIncrement
getPreferredScrollableViewportSize
getScrollableTracksViewportHeight
getScrollableTracksViewportWidth
ScrollablePicture
implements the Scrollable
interface primarily to affect the unit and block increments.
However, it must provide implementations for all five methods.
Thus, it provides reasonable defaults for the other three methods
that you might want to copy for your scrolling-savvy classes.
The scroll pane calls the client's
getScrollableUnitIncrement
method whenever the user clicks
one of the buttons on the scroll bar. This is true as long as the client implements Scrollable.
This method returns the number of pixels to scroll.
An obvious implementation of this method returns the
number of pixels between tick marks on the header rulers.
ScrollablePicture
, however, does something different:
It returns the value required to position the image on
a tick mark boundary. Here's the implementation:
public int getScrollableUnitIncrement(Rectangle visibleRect, int orientation, int direction) { //Get the current position. int currentPosition = 0; if (orientation == SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL) { currentPosition = visibleRect.x; } else { currentPosition = visibleRect.y; } //Return the number of pixels between currentPosition //and the nearest tick mark in the indicated direction. if (direction < 0) { int newPosition = currentPosition - (currentPosition / maxUnitIncrement) * maxUnitIncrement; return (newPosition == 0) ? maxUnitIncrement : newPosition; } else { return ((currentPosition / maxUnitIncrement) + 1) * maxUnitIncrement - currentPosition; } }
Likewise,
the scroll pane calls the client's getScrollableBlockIncrement
method each time the user clicks on the track, but only if the client implements Scrollable.
Here's
ScrollablePicture
's implementation of this method:
public int getScrollableBlockIncrement(Rectangle visibleRect, int orientation, int direction) { if (orientation == SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL) return visibleRect.width - maxUnitIncrement; else return visibleRect.height - maxUnitIncrement; }
ScrollablePicture.java
has one more bit of code
that's not required by
the Scrollable
interface,
but is common in scrollable components:
a mouse motion listener
that lets the user scroll
the picture by dragging from it.
The boldface code in the following snippet
implements scrolling by dragging:
public class ScrollablePicture extends JLabel implements Scrollable, MouseMotionListener { ... public ScrollablePicture(...) { ... setAutoscrolls(true); //enable synthetic drag events addMouseMotionListener(this); //handle mouse drags } ... public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) { //The user is dragging us, so scroll! Rectangle r = new Rectangle(e.getX(), e.getY(), 1, 1); scrollRectToVisible(r); } ... }
setAutoscrolls
method
is defined by JComponent
for the purpose of assisting —
but not implementing —
scrolling by dragging.
Setting the autoscrolls property to true
makes the component fire synthetic mouse-dragged events
even when the mouse isn't moving
(because it stopped, mid-drag, outside the component).
It's up to the component's mouse motion listener
to listen for these events and react accordingly.
If the client is not scrolling-savvy, then the scroll pane sizes itself so that the client displays at its preferred size. For typical unsavvy clients, this makes the scroll pane redundant. That is, the scroll pane has no scroll bars because the client's preferred size is big enough to display the entire client. In this case, if the client doesn't change size dynamically, you should probably limit the size of the scroll pane by setting its preferred size or the preferred size of its container.
If the client is scrolling-savvy,
then the scroll pane uses the value returned by the client's
getPreferredScrollableViewportSize
method to compute the size of its viewport.
Implementations of this method
generally report a preferred size for scrolling
that's smaller than the component's standard preferred size.
For example, by default, the value returned by
JList
's implementation of
getPreferredScrollableViewportSize
is just big enough to display eight rows.
Scrolling-savvy classes, like
lists,
tables,
text components, and
trees,
often provide one or more methods
that let programmers affect the size returned from
getPreferredScrollableViewportSize
.
For example,
you can set the number of visible rows in a list
or a tree by calling the
setVisibleRowCount
method.
The list or tree takes care of figuring out the
size needed to display that number of rows.
Refer to
Methods in Other Classes Related to Scrolling
for information about scrolling-related methods
provided by classes other than JScrollPane
.
And remember —
if you don't like the value that
getPreferredScrollableViewportSize
returns,
you can always set the preferred size of the scroll pane
or its container.
Dynamically Changing the Client's Size
Changing the size of a scroll pane's client
is a two-step process.
First, set the client's preferred size. Then,
call revalidate
on the client to
let the scroll pane know that it should update itself
and its scroll bars.
Let's look at an example.
Here's a picture of an application that changes the client's size whenever the user places a circle whose bounds fall outside of the client's current bounds. The program also changes the client's size when the user clears the drawing area:
You can find the full source code for this example in
ScrollDemo2.java
,
which is based on an example provided by tutorial reader John Vella.
You can run ScrollDemo2 (
download JDK 6).
Here's the code that changes the drawing area's size when necessary:
if (changed) { //Update client's preferred size because //the area taken up by the graphics has //gotten larger or smaller (if cleared). drawingArea.setPreferredSize(/* the new size */); //Let the scroll pane know to update itself //and its scroll bars. drawingArea.revalidate(); }
Refer to
SplitPaneDemo
for another example in which
the client object changes size.
JScrollPane
object are those
such as setPreferredSize
that its superclasses provide.
See
The JComponent API
for tables of commonly used inherited methods.
The API for using scroll panes falls into these categories:
| Method or Constructor | Purpose |
|---|---|
|
JScrollPane() JScrollPane(Component) JScrollPane(int, int) JScrollPane(Component, int, int) |
Create a scroll pane.
The Component parameter, when present, sets
the scroll pane's client.
The two int parameters, when present, set the
vertical and horizontal scroll bar policies (respectively).
|
void setViewportView(Component) |
Set the scroll pane's client. |
|
void setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(int) int getVerticalScrollBarPolicy() |
Set or get the vertical scroll policy.
ScrollPaneConstants defines three values
for specifying this policy:
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED (the default),
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS , and
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER .
|
|
void setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(int) int getHorizontalScrollBarPolicy() |
Set or get the horizontal scroll policy.
ScrollPaneConstants defines three values
for specifying this policy:
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED (the default),
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS , and
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER .
|
|
void setViewportBorder(Border) Border getViewportBorder() |
Set or get the border around the viewport.This is preferred over setting the border on the component. |
| boolean isWheelScrollingEnabled() | Set or get whether scrolling occurs in response to the mouse wheel. Mouse-wheel scrolling is enabled by default. |
| Method | Purpose |
|---|---|
|
void setColumnHeaderView(Component) void setRowHeaderView(Component) |
Set the column or row header for the scroll pane. |
|
void setCorner(String, Component) Component getCorner(String) |
Set or get the corner specified.
The int parameter specifies which corner
and must be one of the following constants defined in
ScrollPaneConstants :
UPPER_LEFT_CORNER ,
UPPER_RIGHT_CORNER ,
LOWER_LEFT_CORNER ,
LOWER_RIGHT_CORNER ,
LOWER_LEADING_CORNER ,
LOWER_TRAILING_CORNER ,
UPPER_LEADING_CORNER , and
UPPER_TRAILING_CORNER .
|
| Method | Purpose |
|---|---|
|
int getScrollableUnitIncrement(Rectangle, int, int) int getScrollableBlockIncrement(Rectangle, int, int) (required by the Scrollable interface)
|
Get the unit or block increment in pixels.
The Rectangle parameter is the bounds of the
currently visible rectangle.
The first int parameter is either
SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL or
SwingConstants.VERTICAL depending on what scroll bar
the user clicked on.
The second int parameter indicates which direction
to scroll. A value less than 0 indicates up or left. A value
greater than 0 indicates down or right.
|
|
Dimension getPreferredScrollableViewportSize() (required by the Scrollable interface)
|
Get the preferred size of the viewport.
This allows the client to influence
the size of the viewport in which it is displayed.
If the viewport size is unimportant,
implement this method to return getPreferredSize .
|
|
boolean getScrollableTracksViewportWidth() boolean getScrollableTracksViewportHeight() (required by the Scrollable interface)
|
Get whether the scroll pane should force the client to be the same
width or height as the viewport.
A return value of true
from either of these methods effectively disallows
horizontal or vertical scrolling (respectively).
|
|
void setAutoscrolls(boolean) (in JComponent )
|
Set whether synthetic mouse dragged events
should be generated
when the user drags the mouse outside of the component
and stops;
these events are necessary for scrolling by dragging.
By default, the value is false ,
but many scrollable components such as JTable
and custom components
set the value to true .
|
| Method | Purpose |
|---|---|
|
void scrollRectToVisible(Rectangle) (in JComponent )
|
If the component is in a container that supports scrolling, such as a scroll pane, then calling this method scrolls the scroll pane such that the specified rectangle is visible. |
|
void setVisibleRowCount(int) int getVisibleRowCount() (in JList )
|
Set or get how many rows of the list are visible.
The getPreferredScrollableViewportSize method
uses the visible row count to compute its return value.
|
|
void ensureIndexIsVisible(int) (in JList )
|
Scroll so that the row at the specified index is visible.
This method calls scrollRectToVisible
and works only if the list is in a container,
such as a scroll pane,
that supports scrolling.
|
|
void setVisibleRowCount(int) int getVisibleRowCount() (in JTree )
|
Set or get how many rows of the tree are visible.
The getPreferredScrollableViewportSize method
uses the visible row count to compute its return value.
|
|
void scrollPathToVisible(TreePath) void scrollRowToVisible(int) (in JTree )
|
Scroll so that the specified tree path or
row at the specified index is visible.
These methods call scrollRectToVisible
and work only if the tree is in a container,
such as a scroll pane,
that supports scrolling.
|
|
void setScrollsOnExpand(boolean) boolean getScrollsOnExpand() (in JTree )
|
Set or get whether scrolling occurs automatically when the user expands a node. True by default. This feature works only when the tree is in a container, such as a scroll pane, that supports scrolling. |
|
void setPreferredScrollableViewportSize(Dimension) (in JTable )
|
Set the value to be returned by
getPreferredScrollableViewportSize .
|
JScrollPane
and where those examples are described.
| Example | Where Described | Notes |
|---|---|---|
ToolBarDemo
|
This section, How to Use Tool Bars |
Shows a simple, yet typical, use of a scroll pane. |
ScrollDemo
|
This section | Uses many of scroll pane's bells and whistles. |
ScrollDemo2
|
This section | Shows how to change the client's size. |
SplitPaneDemo
|
How to Use Split Panes, How to Use Lists |
Puts a list and a label in a scroll pane. Also, shows how to handle the case when a scroll pane's client changes size. |
TableDemo
|
How to Use Tables | Puts a table in a scroll pane. |
TextSamplerDemo
|
Using Text Components | Puts a text area, an editor pane, and a text pane each in a scroll pane. |
TreeDemo
|
How to Use Trees | Puts a tree in a scroll pane. |


Make your first repository by looking at the upper right corner, click and select New repository. Next name your repository hello-world.Write a short description. Select Initialize this repository with a README. Finally Click create New Repository.
Creating a Branch. Well, first Branching is the way to work on different versions of a repository at one time.
Step 2 - Create a New Branch.
Go to your new repository hello-world or call it whatever you want.
Click the drop down at the top of the file list that says branch: main.
Type a branch name, readme-edits, into the new branch text box area.
Select the blue Create branch box or hit “Enter” on your keyboard.
Step 3 - Make and commit changes.
Click the README.md file.
Click the icon in the upper right corner of the file view to edit.
Write a commit message that describes your changes.
Click Commit changes button.
Step 4 - Open Pull Request.
Click the Pull Request tab, then from the Pull Request page, click the green New pull request button.
Select the branch you made, readme-edits, to compare with main (the original).
When you’re satisfied that these are the changes you want to submit, click the big green Create Pull Request button.
Step 5 - Merge your Pull Request.
Click the green Merge pull request button to make merge the changes go into the main.
Click Confirm merge.
Go ahead and delete the branch, since its changes have been incorporated, with the Delete branch button in the purple box.
Before You Continue, Thank you for visiting the page. Also below is a link to GitHub!


name: inverse layout: true class: center, middle, inverse --- # Quick recap on Python, # Jupyter Notebooks # and more ### ~45min --- name: content class: left layout: false name: intro ## Python - the language * Python is a **interpreted high-level** programming language * Emphasizes is on code readability and a syntax structure that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code. -- ### Examples ```python >>> text='hello world' ``` ```python >>> print(text) hello world ``` ```python >>> 'world' in text True ``` --- name: content layout: false name: intro ## Python - What to use? - **Terminal** and a **text editor** - We recommend [IPython](https://ipython.org/) and [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) - Can be difficult to keep track of what's happening -- - **Integrated development environment (IDE)** with a nice graphical user interface (**GUI**), (i.e. like MATLAB) - Makes transition from other languages easy - We recommend [`Spyder`](https://www.spyder-ide.org/) -- - Interactive and dynamic **web application**, such as [Jupyter Notebook](http://jupyter.org/) or [JupyterLab](http://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/). - Best way for scientists to learn programming, explore data and communicate results --- name: important1 class: left layout: false name: intro ## Python - Important to know 1 ```python # Modules & Help >>> import numpy as np >>> np.mean? ``` -- ```python # Variable assignment and variable type >>> text = 'Cambridge' # Type string >>> number1 = 5 # Type integer >>> number2 = 5.0 # Type float >>> number1 == number2 # Type boolean ``` -- ```python # Strings and list slicing >>> 'Hello World'[6::2] 'Wrd' ``` -- ```python # Important: Indexing beginns at `0` >>> my_list = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'] >>> my_list[1], my_list[0] 'two', 'one' ``` -- ```python # Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries >>> a_list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 10] # content can be changed >>> a_tuple = (1, 3, 5, 7, 10) # content cannot be changed >>> a_dict = {'name': 'michael', >>> 'hobbies': ['chocolat', 'programming', 24]} >>> a_dict['hobbies'][1] 'programming' ``` --- name: important2 class: left layout: false name: intro ## Python - Important to know 2 ```python # List comprehension >>> [i**2 for i in range(5)] [0, 1, 4, 9, 16] ``` -- ```python # Indentation, Functions & Control Flow def square_positive_odd_number(number): if number % 2 != 0 and number > 0: answer = 'The square of your number is: ' answer += str(number**2) elif number < 0: answer = 'Your number is negative' else: answer = 'Your number is positive but even' return answer ``` -- ```python # Loops (for & while) and breaks for i in range(-5, 20): response = square_positive_odd_number(i) print(response) if i >= 10: break ``` --- name: anaconda ## Conda - to get Python and other packages The best way to get a good, stable and flexible Python environment on your system is [Conda](https://conda.io/docs/). Conda gives you access to almost all python packages that you need. For the rest use `pip` or `git`.  Conda allows you to have multiple Python environments next to each. --- name: jupyter ## Jupyter Notebook Open-source web application that allows to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text. Jupyter Notebooks was created for Python, but can also be used for other programming languages, such as `R`, `Julia`, `Scala`, `HTML`, etc.
--- name: important ## Jupyter Notebook - Important to know - How to create a new notebook? - Add a new cell ***above*** with `a` or ***below*** with `b`. Make sure that you escaped the current cell with `ESC` - Execute a cell with `SHIFT+Enter` - Switch between text and code with `y` and `m` - Save Jupyter Notebook as PDF, HTML, python script - Stop computation with the stop button or under `Kernel > Interrupt` - Restart kernel with `Kernel > Restart` - Change kernel with `Kernel > Change kernel` - For anything else, look into `Shortcuts` - Jupyter notebook even provides a `Terminal` (allows you to install additional packages) --- name: whygood ## Jupyter Notebooks are especially great for research! Increase the learning curve in Python Great tool to share data, results, and code - Great for open & reproducible science - See for example the [LIGO results](https://losc.ligo.org/tutorials/) Great for teaching - Interactive Notebooks via [mybinder](https://mybinder.org/) or [Google Colaboratory](https://colab.research.google.com) - See this workshop (hopefully) --- ## Scientific Python - Part 1 Python has a package for almost everything. As a researcher, you most likely want to know about the following scientific toolboxes: -- #### `Numpy` * **THE** fundamental package for computing with Python * runs very quickly and is the first step to optimizing your code -- #### `Scipy` * Contains many useful modules about - **signal processing** - **multi-dimensional image processing** - **data fitting** - **statistics** - ... -- #### `Scikit-learn` & `Scikit-image` * Advanced toolboxes to do **data mining**, **data analysis** and **machine learning** --- ## Scientific Python - Part 2 #### Statistics with Python * Python has many great and **open** alternatives to `Excel`, `SPSS` or `R`, such as: - `Pandas` - `scipy.stats` - `statsmodels` - `pingouin` - `seaborn` -- #### Visualize Data with Python * There are many ways to visualize data in python. Many are based on `matplotlib` (inspired by `MATLAB`). * Depending on what you want, you might also want to take a look at: - `Seaborn` - `Pandas` - `Bokeh` - `Plotly` --- ## `Numpy` - Important to know ```python # Load package import numpy as np ``` ```python # Indexing & Slicing >>> data = np.arange(10) array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]) >>> data[data%2==0] array([0, 2, 4, 6, 8]) ``` ```python # Elementwise operations >>> data**2 array([ 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]) ``` ```python # Basic reductions >>> data.std() 2.8722813232690143 ``` ```python # And much more... ``` --- name: exercise .left-column[ ## Duration ### Individual exploration ] ### Jupyter Notebooks The following Jupyter Notebooks should help you to refresh your knowledge on multiple Python packages. Notebook 1: [Jupyter Notebook](../../notebooks/notebooks/01a_intro_jupyter-notebook.ipynb) Notebook 2: [All about Python](../../notebooks/notebooks/01b_intro_python.ipynb) Notebook 3: [Numpy](../../notebooks/notebooks/01c_intro_numpy.ipynb) Notebook 4: [Scipy](../../notebooks/notebooks/01d_intro_scipy.ipynb) Notebook 5: [Scikit-Learn and Scikit-Image](../../notebooks/notebooks/01e_intro_scikit.ipynb) Notebook 6: [Statistics](../../notebooks/notebooks/01f_intro_statistics.ipynb) Notebook 7: [Visualization](../../notebooks/notebooks/01g_intro_visualization.ipynb) Because of time constraints, we will not be able to go through them in detail. ***Note:*** Open the link with right-click and select "open link in new tab". --- layout: true class: center, middle, inverse --- name: questions # Questions?


Puerto Esconido is known for one of the wold's best surfing beaches, Playa Zicatela. It has a beautiful yellow sand beach and huge world-class surfing waves (but be careful if you go swimming... the current is very strong!).
Tikal is the largest of the ancient ruined cities of the Mayan civilization. It is a really awesome, magical place. If you go to Tikal, you have three main lodging options:
Throwin' back pints with the locals in Dublin this past summer made me really appreciate the pub culture. The top three bars in Dublin for craic
(i.e. good fun) in order of preference are:
The price of a pint of beer is about €5. Although would recommend the cider (around €8 a pint).


A number of commands have been integrated in the library to allow the developer to interact with the file system directly instead of using AT commands. Some of the most common commands have been integrated and can be seen below.
Additionally the API allows a developer to create their own command lines (see cli for details).
| Command Name | Description |
|---|---|
help |
Display a list of the commands |
meminfo |
Display dynamic memory information |
ls |
List directory details |
cat |
Display on the terminal a files content |
rm |
Remove a file or directory |
mkdir |
Create a directory |
touch |
Create an empty file |
echo |
Write to a file |
When connected over UART2 or when using SingleFin USB DEBUG port (UART2) you will be prompted the shift right arrows.
>>
Type help to view a list of the available commands.
>> help


Create a new card and save it on Trello.
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 19 19: def create(options) 20: new('name' => options[:name], 21: 'idList' => options[:list_id], 22: 'desc' => options[:description]).save 23: end
Add a checklist to this card
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 107 107: def add_checklist(checklist) 108: Client.post("/cards/#{id}/checklists", { 109: :value => checklist.id 110: }) 111: end
Add a comment with the supplied text.
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 102 102: def add_comment(text) 103: Client.post("/cards/#{id}/actions/comments", :text => text) 104: end
Add a label
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 114 114: def add_label(colour) 115: unless %{green yellow orange red purple blue}.include? colour 116: errors.add(:label, "colour '#{colour}' does not exist") 117: return Trello.logger.warn "The label colour '#{colour}' does not exist." 118: end 119: Client.post("/cards/#{id}/labels", { :value => colour }) 120: end
Returns a list of members who are assigned to this card.
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 58 58: def members 59: members = member_ids.map do |member_id| 60: Client.get("/members/#{member_id}").json_into(Member) 61: end 62: MultiAssociation.new(self, members).proxy 63: end
Remove a label
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 123 123: def remove_label(colour) 124: unless %{green yellow orange red purple blue}.include? colour 125: errors.add(:label, "colour '#{colour}' does not exist") 126: return Trello.logger.warn "The label colour '#{colour}' does not exist." unless %{green yellow orange red purple blue}.include? colour 127: end 128: Client.delete("/cards/#{id}/labels/#{colour}") 129: end
:nodoc:
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 132 132: def request_prefix 133: "/cards/#{id}" 134: end
Saves a record.
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 66 66: def save 67: # If we have an id, just update our fields. 68: return update! if id 69: 70: Client.post("/cards", { 71: :name => name, 72: :desc => description, 73: :idList => list_id 74: }).json_into(self) 75: end
Update an existing record. Warning, this updates all fields using values already in memory. If an external resource has updated these fields, you should refresh! this object before making your changes, and before updating the record.
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 81 81: def update! 82: @previously_changed = changes 83: @changed_attributes.clear 84: 85: Client.put("/cards/#{id}", { 86: :name => name, 87: :desc => description, 88: :due => due && due.utc.iso8601, 89: :closed => closed, 90: :idList => list_id, 91: :idBoard => board_id, 92: :idMembers => member_ids 93: }) 94: end
Update the fields of a card.
Supply a hash of string keyed data retrieved from the Trello API representing a card.
# File lib/trello/card.rb, line 30 30: def update_fields(fields) 31: attributes[:id] = fields['id'] 32: attributes[:short_id] = fields['idShort'] 33: attributes[:name] = fields['name'] 34: attributes[:description] = fields['desc'] 35: attributes[:due] = Time.iso8601(fields['due']) rescue nil 36: attributes[:closed] = fields['closed'] 37: attributes[:url] = fields['url'] 38: attributes[:board_id] = fields['idBoard'] 39: attributes[:member_ids] = fields['idMembers'] 40: attributes[:list_id] = fields['idList'] 41: self 42: end
Disabled; run with --debug to generate this.
Generated with the Darkfish Rdoc Generator 1.1.6.


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ONE FINE DAY A film review by Dr. T. White Copyright 1997 Flying Inkpot
Director: Michael Hoffman Screenplay: Terrel Seltzer and Ellen Simon Producer:Via Rosa Productions / Fox 2000 Pictures Running Time: Approx. 108 minutes. Cast: Michelle Pfeiffer, George Clooney, Mae Whitman, Alex Linz Rating: ***1/2 out of *****
OK, I admit I had a bad attitude about this film from the start. A romantic comedy about the trials and tribulations of single working parents? With a couple of incredibly cute kids thrown in for good measure? Yuck.
But it's not really too bad. It has a lot working against it, for me at least. In addition to the above, it is typical of a lot of recent movies in that it is really just a glorified made-for-TV movie, but longer and with bigger stars, and you have to pay to see it. It does win you over, though, even if it is painfully predictable.
Just think about it: Two single parents, with their cute kids, are thrown together due to a missed field trip. Through a day of near disasters, they cont inually meet, get in one another's way, cause trouble for one another, and generally insult one another at every opportunity. In fact, they hate each other so much that we know that they are, or soon will be, in love. The only people who hate each other more than lovers are married couples.
So this film is predictable, just as the screwball comedies of the classical Hollywood cinema were predictable (and the screwball genre is obviously Hoffman's model for this film). Will they get fired from their yuppie jobs? Will they make the big soccer game that is so important to their kids?  Will they finally kiss? Well, what do you expect?
But there is a certain amount of satisfaction in having our expectations fulfilled, especially when it is done with as much humour, along with a lack of sticky sentimentality, as it is in this film. Pfeiffer and Clooney have a certain chemistry together that is surprisingly charming, and the kids are neither shoved into the background nor allowed to steal the show.
One word of caution, though. This film is being billed in some places as a "family" movie. Don't let that stop you. However, I think most kids, especially boys, would be pretty bored by this move. After all, nobody gets killed and there are no explosions.
All in all, a good, non-offensive date movie.
The Flying Inkpot Rating System: * Wait for the TV2 broadcast. ** A little creaky, but still better than staying at home with Gotcha! *** Pretty good, bring a friend. **** Amazing, potent stuff. ***** Perfection. See it twice.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


| Top |
| void | gdk_init () |
| gboolean | gdk_init_check () |
| void | gdk_parse_args () |
| const gchar * | gdk_get_display_arg_name () |
| void | gdk_notify_startup_complete () |
| void | gdk_notify_startup_complete_with_id () |
| void | gdk_set_allowed_backends () |
| const gchar * | gdk_get_program_class () |
| void | gdk_set_program_class () |
| gchar * | gdk_get_display () |
| void | gdk_flush () |
| gint | gdk_screen_width () |
| gint | gdk_screen_height () |
| gint | gdk_screen_width_mm () |
| gint | gdk_screen_height_mm () |
| GdkGrabStatus | gdk_pointer_grab () |
| void | gdk_pointer_ungrab () |
| gboolean | gdk_pointer_is_grabbed () |
| void | gdk_set_double_click_time () |
| GdkGrabStatus | gdk_keyboard_grab () |
| void | gdk_keyboard_ungrab () |
| void | gdk_beep () |
| void | gdk_error_trap_push () |
| gint | gdk_error_trap_pop () |
| void | gdk_error_trap_pop_ignored () |
| enum | GdkGrabStatus |
| #define | GDK_WINDOWING_X11 |
| #define | GDK_WINDOWING_WIN32 |
| #define | GDK_WINDOWING_QUARTZ |
| #define | GDK_WINDOWING_WAYLAND |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_3_0 |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_3_2 |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_3_4 |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_3_6 |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_3_8 |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_3_10 |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_3_12 |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_3_14 |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED |
| #define | GDK_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED |
| #define | GDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS |
This section describes the GDK initialization functions and miscellaneous utility functions, as well as deprecation facilities.
The GDK and GTK+ headers annotate deprecated APIs in a way that produces
compiler warnings if these deprecated APIs are used. The warnings
can be turned off by defining the macro GDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
before including the glib.h header.
GDK and GTK+ also provide support for building applications against
defined subsets of deprecated or new APIs. Define the macro
GDK_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
to specify up to what version
you want to receive warnings about deprecated APIs. Define the
macro GDK_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED
to specify the newest version
whose API you want to use.
void gdk_init (gint *argc
,gchar ***argv
);
Initializes the GDK library and connects to the windowing system.
If initialization fails, a warning message is output and the application
terminates with a call to exit(1)
.
Any arguments used by GDK are removed from the array and argc
and argv
are updated accordingly.
GTK+ initializes GDK in gtk_init()
and so this function is not usually
needed by GTK+ applications.
gboolean gdk_init_check (gint *argc
,gchar ***argv
);
Initializes the GDK library and connects to the windowing system,
returning TRUE
on success.
Any arguments used by GDK are removed from the array and argc
and argv
are updated accordingly.
GTK+ initializes GDK in gtk_init()
and so this function is not usually
needed by GTK+ applications.
void gdk_parse_args (gint *argc
,gchar ***argv
);
Parse command line arguments, and store for future
use by calls to gdk_display_open()
.
Any arguments used by GDK are removed from the array and argc
and argv
are
updated accordingly.
You shouldn’t call this function explicitly if you are using
gtk_init()
, gtk_init_check()
, gdk_init()
, or gdk_init_check()
.
argc |
the number of command line arguments. |
|
argv |
the array of command line arguments. |
[inout][array length=argc] |
Since: 2.2
const gchar *
gdk_get_display_arg_name (void
);
Gets the display name specified in the command line arguments passed
to gdk_init()
or gdk_parse_args()
, if any.
the display name, if specified explicitly,
otherwise NULL
this string is owned by GTK+ and must not be
modified or freed.
[nullable]
Since: 2.2
void
gdk_notify_startup_complete (void
);
Indicates to the GUI environment that the application has finished loading. If the applications opens windows, this function is normally called after opening the application’s initial set of windows.
GTK+ will call this function automatically after opening the first
GtkWindow unless gtk_window_set_auto_startup_notification()
is called
to disable that feature.
Since: 2.2
void
gdk_notify_startup_complete_with_id (const gchar *startup_id
);
Indicates to the GUI environment that the application has finished loading, using a given identifier.
GTK+ will call this function automatically for GtkWindow
with custom startup-notification identifier unless
gtk_window_set_auto_startup_notification()
is called to
disable that feature.
startup_id |
a startup-notification identifier, for which notification process should be completed |
Since: 2.12
void
gdk_set_allowed_backends (const gchar *backends
);
Sets a list of backends that GDK should try to use.
This can be be useful if your application does not work with certain GDK backends.
By default, GDK tries all included backends.
For example,
1 |
gdk_set_allowed_backends ("wayland,quartz,*"); |
instructs GDK to try the Wayland backend first, followed by the Quartz backend, and then all others.
If the GDK_BACKEND
environment variable
is set, it determines what backends are tried in what
order, while still respecting the set of allowed backends
that are specified by this function.
The possible backend names are x11, win32, quartz, broadway, wayland. You can also include a * in the list to try all remaining backends.
This call must happen prior to gdk_display_open()
,
gtk_init()
, gtk_init_with_args()
or gtk_init_check()
in order to take effect.
Since: 3.10
const gchar *
gdk_get_program_class (void
);
Gets the program class. Unless the program class has explicitly
been set with gdk_set_program_class()
or with the --class
commandline option, the default value is the program name (determined
with g_get_prgname()
) with the first character converted to uppercase.
void
gdk_set_program_class (const gchar *program_class
);
Sets the program class. The X11 backend uses the program class to set
the class name part of the WM_CLASS
property on
toplevel windows; see the ICCCM.
The program class can still be overridden with the --class command line option.
gchar *
gdk_get_display (void
);
gdk_get_display
has been deprecated since version 3.8 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Call gdk_display_get_name (gdk_display_get_default()
))
instead.
Gets the name of the display, which usually comes from the
DISPLAY
environment variable or the
--display
command line option.
void
gdk_flush (void
);
Flushes the output buffers of all display connections and waits until all requests have been processed. This is rarely needed by applications.
gint
gdk_screen_width (void
);
gdk_screen_width
has been deprecated since version 3.22 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Use per-monitor information
Gets the width of the default screen in pixels. The returned
size is in ”application pixels”, not in ”device pixels” (see
gdk_screen_get_monitor_scale_factor()
).
gint
gdk_screen_height (void
);
gdk_screen_height
has been deprecated since version 3.22 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Use per-monitor information
Gets the height of the default screen in pixels. The returned
size is in ”application pixels”, not in ”device pixels” (see
gdk_screen_get_monitor_scale_factor()
).
gint
gdk_screen_width_mm (void
);
gdk_screen_width_mm
has been deprecated since version 3.22 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Use per-monitor information
Returns the width of the default screen in millimeters. Note that on many X servers this value will not be correct.
gint
gdk_screen_height_mm (void
);
gdk_screen_height_mm
has been deprecated since version 3.22 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Use per-monitor information
Returns the height of the default screen in millimeters. Note that on many X servers this value will not be correct.
GdkGrabStatus gdk_pointer_grab (GdkWindow *window
,gboolean owner_events
,GdkEventMask event_mask
,GdkWindow *confine_to
,GdkCursor *cursor
,guint32 time_
);
gdk_pointer_grab
has been deprecated since version 3.0 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Use gdk_device_grab()
instead.
Grabs the pointer (usually a mouse) so that all events are passed to this
application until the pointer is ungrabbed with gdk_pointer_ungrab()
, or
the grab window becomes unviewable.
This overrides any previous pointer grab by this client.
Pointer grabs are used for operations which need complete control over mouse events, even if the mouse leaves the application. For example in GTK+ it is used for Drag and Drop, for dragging the handle in the GtkHPaned and GtkVPaned widgets.
Note that if the event mask of an X window has selected both button press and
button release events, then a button press event will cause an automatic
pointer grab until the button is released.
X does this automatically since most applications expect to receive button
press and release events in pairs.
It is equivalent to a pointer grab on the window with owner_events
set to
TRUE
.
If you set up anything at the time you take the grab that needs to be cleaned up when the grab ends, you should handle the GdkEventGrabBroken events that are emitted when the grab ends unvoluntarily.
window |
the GdkWindow which will own the grab (the grab window). |
|
owner_events |
if |
|
event_mask |
specifies the event mask, which is used in accordance with
|
|
confine_to |
If non- |
[allow-none] |
cursor |
the cursor to display while the grab is active. If this is |
[allow-none] |
time_ |
the timestamp of the event which led to this pointer grab. This usually
comes from a GdkEventButton struct, though |
void
gdk_pointer_ungrab (guint32 time_
);
gdk_pointer_ungrab
has been deprecated since version 3.0 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Use gdk_device_ungrab()
, together with gdk_device_grab()
instead.
Ungrabs the pointer on the default display, if it is grabbed by this application.
gboolean
gdk_pointer_is_grabbed (void
);
gdk_pointer_is_grabbed
has been deprecated since version 3.0 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Use gdk_display_device_is_grabbed()
instead.
Returns TRUE
if the pointer on the default display is currently
grabbed by this application.
Note that this does not take the inmplicit pointer grab on button presses into account.
void
gdk_set_double_click_time (guint msec
);
Set the double click time for the default display. See
gdk_display_set_double_click_time()
.
See also gdk_display_set_double_click_distance()
.
Applications should not set this, it is a
global user-configured setting.
GdkGrabStatus gdk_keyboard_grab (GdkWindow *window
,gboolean owner_events
,guint32 time_
);
gdk_keyboard_grab
has been deprecated since version 3.0 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Use gdk_device_grab()
instead.
Grabs the keyboard so that all events are passed to this
application until the keyboard is ungrabbed with gdk_keyboard_ungrab()
.
This overrides any previous keyboard grab by this client.
If you set up anything at the time you take the grab that needs to be cleaned up when the grab ends, you should handle the GdkEventGrabBroken events that are emitted when the grab ends unvoluntarily.
window |
the GdkWindow which will own the grab (the grab window). |
|
owner_events |
if |
|
time_ |
a timestamp from a GdkEvent, or |
void
gdk_keyboard_ungrab (guint32 time_
);
gdk_keyboard_ungrab
has been deprecated since version 3.0 and should not be used in newly-written code.
Use gdk_device_ungrab()
, together with gdk_device_grab()
instead.
Ungrabs the keyboard on the default display, if it is grabbed by this application.
void
gdk_error_trap_push (void
);
This function allows X errors to be trapped instead of the normal
behavior of exiting the application. It should only be used if it
is not possible to avoid the X error in any other way. Errors are
ignored on all GdkDisplay currently known to the
GdkDisplayManager. If you don’t care which error happens and just
want to ignore everything, pop with gdk_error_trap_pop_ignored()
.
If you need the error code, use gdk_error_trap_pop()
which may have
to block and wait for the error to arrive from the X server.
This API exists on all platforms but only does anything on X.
You can use gdk_x11_display_error_trap_push()
to ignore errors
on only a single display.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
gdk_error_trap_push (); // ... Call the X function which may cause an error here ... if (gdk_error_trap_pop ()) { // ... Handle the error here ... } |
gint
gdk_error_trap_pop (void
);
Removes an error trap pushed with gdk_error_trap_push()
.
May block until an error has been definitively received
or not received from the X server. gdk_error_trap_pop_ignored()
is preferred if you don’t need to know whether an error
occurred, because it never has to block. If you don't
need the return value of gdk_error_trap_pop()
, use
gdk_error_trap_pop_ignored()
.
Prior to GDK 3.0, this function would not automatically
sync for you, so you had to gdk_flush()
if your last
call to Xlib was not a blocking round trip.
void
gdk_error_trap_pop_ignored (void
);
Removes an error trap pushed with gdk_error_trap_push()
, but
without bothering to wait and see whether an error occurred. If an
error arrives later asynchronously that was triggered while the
trap was pushed, that error will be ignored.
Since: 3.0
Returned by gdk_device_grab()
, gdk_pointer_grab()
and gdk_keyboard_grab()
to
indicate success or the reason for the failure of the grab attempt.
|
the resource was successfully grabbed. |
||
|
the resource is actively grabbed by another client. |
||
|
the resource was grabbed more recently than the specified time. |
||
|
the grab window or the |
||
|
the resource is frozen by an active grab of another client. |
||
|
the grab failed for some other reason. Since 3.16 |
#define GDK_WINDOWING_X11
The GDK_WINDOWING_X11 macro is defined if the X11 backend is supported.
Use this macro to guard code that is specific to the X11 backend.
#define GDK_WINDOWING_WIN32
The GDK_WINDOWING_WIN32 macro is defined if the Win32 backend is supported.
Use this macro to guard code that is specific to the Win32 backend.
#define GDK_WINDOWING_QUARTZ
The GDK_WINDOWING_QUARTZ macro is defined if the Quartz backend is supported.
Use this macro to guard code that is specific to the Quartz backend.
#define GDK_WINDOWING_WAYLAND
The GDK_WINDOWING_WAYLAND macro is defined if the Wayland backend is supported.
Use this macro to guard code that is specific to the Wayland backend.
#define GDK_VERSION_3_0 (G_ENCODE_VERSION (3, 0))
A macro that evaluates to the 3.0 version of GDK, in a format that can be used by the C pre-processor.
Since: 3.4
#define GDK_VERSION_3_2 (G_ENCODE_VERSION (3, 2))
A macro that evaluates to the 3.2 version of GDK, in a format that can be used by the C pre-processor.
Since: 3.4
#define GDK_VERSION_3_4 (G_ENCODE_VERSION (3, 4))
A macro that evaluates to the 3.4 version of GDK, in a format that can be used by the C pre-processor.
Since: 3.4
#define GDK_VERSION_3_6 (G_ENCODE_VERSION (3, 6))
A macro that evaluates to the 3.6 version of GDK, in a format that can be used by the C pre-processor.
Since: 3.6
#define GDK_VERSION_3_8 (G_ENCODE_VERSION (3, 8))
A macro that evaluates to the 3.8 version of GDK, in a format that can be used by the C pre-processor.
Since: 3.8
#define GDK_VERSION_3_10 (G_ENCODE_VERSION (3, 10))
A macro that evaluates to the 3.10 version of GDK, in a format that can be used by the C pre-processor.
Since: 3.10
#define GDK_VERSION_3_12 (G_ENCODE_VERSION (3, 12))
A macro that evaluates to the 3.12 version of GDK, in a format that can be used by the C pre-processor.
Since: 3.12
#define GDK_VERSION_3_14 (G_ENCODE_VERSION (3, 14))
A macro that evaluates to the 3.14 version of GDK, in a format that can be used by the C pre-processor.
Since: 3.14
# define GDK_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED (GDK_VERSION_CUR_STABLE)
A macro that should be defined by the user prior to including
the gdk.h header.
The definition should be one of the predefined GDK version
macros: GDK_VERSION_3_0
, GDK_VERSION_3_2
,...
This macro defines the lower bound for the GDK API to use.
If a function has been deprecated in a newer version of GDK, it is possible to use this symbol to avoid the compiler warnings without disabling warning for every deprecated function.
Since: 3.4
# define GDK_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED GDK_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
A macro that should be defined by the user prior to including
the gdk.h header.
The definition should be one of the predefined GDK version
macros: GDK_VERSION_3_0
, GDK_VERSION_3_2
,...
This macro defines the upper bound for the GDK API to use.
If a function has been introduced in a newer version of GDK, it is possible to use this symbol to get compiler warnings when trying to use that function.
Since: 3.4


The password has a length of {{options.length}} The following character groups where used in the generation of the password.
Open the settings page to change the character groups and length of the password.


Memory consumption is a critical performance indicator, and is especially important on platforms with limited memory resources, such as low-end mobile devices.
Diagnosing memory issues in Unity is best performed with an open-source memory visualization tool available from Unity’s Bitbucket. Integration of this tool is as simple as downloading the linked repository and dropping the included Editor folder into a project.
The tool can be used with any version of Unity from 5.3 onwards. It can capture a wealth of information on native- and managed-code memory consumption when attached to an application built with IL2CPP.
To use the tool, simply build a project with an IL2CPP scripting backend and deploy it to the appropriate device. Attach Unity’s regular in-editor CPU profiler, then open the Memory Profiler window (menu: Window > MemoryProfilerWindow) and selet Take Snapshot.
The application on device pauses for a short time as data is gathered and transmitted to the Unity Editor. Then, the Unity Editor pauses to parse the received data; this can require a significant amount of time. For very memory-intensive applications, a trace might require 10–30 minutes to be parsed.
During this parse-and-load operation, patience is recommended.
This screenshot is from a Standard Assets Scene running on an iOS device, and shows that over three-quarters of memory usage is attributable to four very large Textures, all related to the aircraft’s fuselage.
This visualization can be zoomed. Click each box in the application to see more information about it.
One common memory problem is the duplication of Assets in memory. As Textures are often the most memory-intensive Assets in a project, Texture duplication is one of the most common memory problems found in Unity projects.
Duplicated Assets can be identified by locating two objects of the same type and same size, which appear to have been loaded from the same Asset. In the detail pane of the new Memory Profiler, examine the Name and InstanceID fields of the seemingly-identical objects.
The Name field is based on the name of the Asset file from which the object was loaded; generally, it is the file name without the file’s path or extension. The InstanceID field indicates the internal identification number assigned by the Unity runtime; this number is unique during a single run of a Unity game(1).
This diagram demonstrates a simple example of this problem. On the left and right sides of the diagram are screenshots taken from the Detail pane of the 5.4 Memory Profiler. The Assets shown in these screenshots are two Textures loaded separately in memory. The Textures have identical names and sizes, suggesting that they may be duplicates. By examining the project’s “Assets” folder, it can be determined that there is only one Asset file named wood-floorboards-texture, which very strongly points towards asset duplication.
Each individual UnityEngine.Object in memory has a unique instance ID, assigned to it when the object is created. As these two Textures have different instance IDs, it is certain that they represent two different sets of Texture data that are loaded into memory.
As the file names and Asset sizes are identical, while the instance IDs are different, it is certain that these two objects represent a Texture that has been duplicated in memory (NOTE: If there are Textures with identical filenames in the project, then this judgment is not absolute, but still strongly suggestive when correlated with the identical file sizes.).
The most common cause of Texture and Asset duplication in memory is the improper unloading of AssetBundles. See Unity’s Best Practice Guide on AssetBundles for a description of this problem. The key section is Managing Loaded Assets.
It is also possible to visualize the memory required to provide render buffers to Image Effects and RenderTexture objects in the memory visualizer.
The above screenshot demonstrates a simple Scene with a handful of Unity’s Cinematic Image Effects applied to it.  Due to the high resolution of Retina iOS devices, these temporary buffers consume significantly more memory than the rest of the project combined.
Consider that an iPad Air 2 renders at 2048x1536 – this is beyond the 1080p resolution often targeted on modern consoles and PCs, but is running on a tablet device. A full-screen temporary render buffer consumes a full 24 or 36 megabytes of memory, depending on the format of the buffer. This can be reduced by 75% by halving the pixel dimensions of the render buffer. This often does not significantly degrade the visual quality of the result.
One way to optimize Image Effects’ use of temporary render buffers and other GPU resources is to create a single “uber” Image Effect that performs all of the disparate calculations at once. When using Unity 5.5 or newer, it is possible to use the new UberFX (available from github package; this package provides a configurable “uber” Image Effect that can perform all of the operations provided by the Cinematic Image Effects with less overhead than individual Image Effects.


Whew, congrats for making it through! I know it's alot to take in but you are well under way to becoming a Rustacean. Hopefully it's clear how Rust as a language aims to solve many of these common challenges in systems programming:
In the next chapter we'll apply some of this knowledge as we look how Rust handles text.


Playground for blob-util
Welcome to the playground for blob-util
!
Below is a little Kirby GIF you can play around with.
Here's some code to get you started. Copy-paste this into your console:
var img = document.getElementById('kirby');
blobUtil.imgSrcToBlob(img.src).then(function (blob) {
var blobURL = blobUtil.createObjectURL(blob);
var newImg = document.createElement('img');
newImg.src = blobURL;
img.parentNode.appendChild(newImg);
});
If you see two Kirbys, you're on your way!


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