Alan T. Arnholt
For Students
Resources
Teaching
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Software
Scholarship
Cool Stuff
Resources
R
R homepage
Download R
Quick R (all types of examples)
An Introduction to R
R Programming for Data Science
by Roger D. Peng
Exploratory Data Analysis with R
by Roger D. Peng
Efficient R programming
by Colin Gillespie and Robin Lovelace
Advanced R Development
by Hadley Wickham
Advanced R Solutions
by Malte Grosser and Henning Bumann
Functional Programming and Unit Testing for Data Munging with R
YaRrr! The Pirate’s Guide to R by Nathaniel D. Phillips
Roger Peng’s Computing for Data Analysis Videos
Learning Statistics/R on youtube
DataCamp
Free Code School intro R Course
swirl
“swirl teaches you R programming and data science interactively, at your own pace, and right in the R console”
Why Use Docker with R?
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R Graphics Cookbook, 2nd edition
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R
Graph Gallery
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documentation
ggplot2
Main Page
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Book
Cookbook for R
Lattice: Multivariate Data Visualization with R - Figures and code
Graph Catalog
ggplot2
The Grammar and Graphics of Data Science (Video)
(58:50)
plotly
for R
Plotly tutorial: Plotly and R
Interactive Data Visualization (2nd Day)
by Paul C. Bauer and Richard Traunmüller
DiagrammeR
Shiny Apps
Shiny
shinyapps.io server
Interactive web-based data visualization with R, plotly, and shiny
Shiny Apps Documentation
Shiny Cheatsheet
Building Shiny Apps
Simulating Confidence Intervals (running on RStudio Shiny Apps server)
Normal Distribution Calculator (running on ASU’s connect server)
Normal Distribution Calculator (running on RStudio Shiny Apps server)
How to get your very own RStudio Server and Shiny Server with DigitalOcean
Building Dashboards with Shiny Tutorial
Dynamic Dashboards with Shiny
R Package Building
R Packages
by Hadley Wickham
Mastering Software Development in R
by Roger D. Peng, Sean Kross, and Brooke Anderson
packagedocs
pkgdown
Using
dplyr
Introduction to
dplyr
vignette
dplyr
video1-tutorial
dplyr
video2-tutorial
Reproducible Analysis
knitr
Homepage
knitr
Package Development on GitHub
Bookdown: Authoring Books with R Markdown
by Yihui Xie
Reproducible Research with
R/RStudio Development on GitHub
CRAN views of Reproducible Analysis
Reproducible Reporting (Video)
(58:03)
Getting used to R, RStudio, and R Markdown
by Chester Ismay
My Final College Paper
by Chester Ismay
A Guide to Reproducible Code in Ecology and Evolution
Good enough practices in scientific computing
R Markdown
R Markdown: The Definitive Guide
by Yihui Xie, J. J. Allaire, and Garrett Grolemund
R Markdown Cookbook
R Markdown V2
Using R Markdown
Getting started with R Markdown (Video)
(1:02:44)
Markdown
Creating Slides with R
R Markdown - ioslides, reveal.js, Slidy, and Beamer
xaringan
R Presentations
Git
Happy Git and GitHub for the useR
by Jenny Bryan and the STAT 545 TAs
Download Git
GitHub Help Page
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Create a Project
Git Cheatsheet
Free Code School Intro to Git
Pro Git Book
Try Git on GitHub
Phillip Guo’s Basic Git and Github tutorials (Three tutorials about 10 minutes each)
Clone a GitHub Repo with RStudio (Video)
(5:05)
Clone a GitHub Repo with RStudio (Slides)
Collaboration and time travel: version control with git, github and RStudio (Video)
(48:56)
Using Unix Like Commands
Play Terminus to learn basics of the shell
Phillip Guo’s Unix-like command line tutorials (Four tutorials about 10 minutes each)
Michael Stonebank’s Unix Tutorial for Beginners
Data Science
R for Data Science
by Garrett Grolemund and Hadley Wickham
MODERN DIVE: An Introduction to Statistical and Data Sciences via R
by Chester Ismay and Albert Y. Kim
Introduction to Data Science
by Hui Lin and Ming Li
Introduction to Data Science
by Tiffany-Anne Timbers, Trevor Campbell and Melissa Lee
The
caret
Package
Feature Engineering and Selection: A Practical Approach for Predictive Models
by Max Kuhn and Kjell Johnson
Tidymodels
Tidy Text Mining with R
by Julia Silge and David Robinson
OnePageR
Interpretable Machine Learning
by Christoph Molnar
Beyond Multiple Linear Regression
Databricks
—Databricks Community Edition
\(\LaTeX\)
Download LaTeX for Macs (TeXLive)
Download LaTeX for Windows (MikTeX)
More Math into LaTeX
Getting started with LaTeX
LaTeX Wikipedia
Clever help finding LaTeX symbols
Zotero
Using Zotero
Other Interesting Stuff
R-bloggers
John Chambers recounts the history of S and R


file: extract_md.ahk
| file: extract_md.ahk |
|---|
| > Type: AutoHotkey (Version <IP_ADDRESS>) |
| > file version: 1.6 |
| > License: MIT |
project: Extract Markdown (MD) code from files
author: Florian SCHMID
company: private
version: 1.4
Scriptlanguage: AutoHotkey.
The aim of this tool is to extract Markdown textblocks
from files and merge them into a single file.
The file can then be processed by a tool like Pandoc to convert it from Markdown into a HTML page for example.
The INI-File looks like this:
Filename: <Name of .exe or .ahk file>.ini
[SETUP]
BLOCK_START=<string>
BLOCK_LINE=<string>
BLOCK_END=<string>
CUSTOM_BR=<string>
BLOCK_SEP=<string>
FILE_SEP=<string>
OUTPUT=<filename>
BLOCK_START
Tag to identify the start of a block.
standard value: /*md
BLOCK_LINE
If a line inside the block starts with this string it will be removed from the line.
standard value: (empty)
BLOCK_END
Tag to identify the end of a block.
standard value: */
CUSTOM_BR
If this tag is found, it will be replaced with 2 space-characters. (inducing a line-break)
standard value: -b
BLOCK_SEP
Tag that will be used to seperate 2 blocks in the output md-file.
standard value: (empty)
FILE_SEP
Tag that will be used to seperate 2 files in the output md-file.
standard value: *******************
OUTPUT
Default filename in the file-selection dialog.
standard value: output.md
syntax: LoadSettings
version: 1.1
author: Florian SCHMID
added in project version: 1.0
Loads custom user settings from INI-file.
Gosub LoadSettings
For more information about the INI format, look in the File description.
syntax: extractMD( in_sFile) : string
version: 1.3
author: Florian SCHMID
added in project version: 1.0
sMD = extractMD( "file.js" )
sMD contains the extracted MD-codeblock.


Welcome to my web page! This is Yuwen and currently I am a boot camp student learning coding skills of full stack development. I am actively seeking career opportunities as full stack developer and preparing to apply master degree in the fields of web development at the same time. I am going to share all my exciting projects work here and will keep update any time as my work in progress.
In my spare time, I would like to visit some beautiful views and do photography. I am living in Seattle now and hiking is one of my favorite activities during summer.If I have vacation then I would always enjoy to travel and experience the different cultures. It's the best way to recharge me with full power before returning to daily work!


@*
* Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*@
@import uk.gov.hmrc.play.views.html.helpers.form
@import views.html.helpers.inputRadioGroup
@(cancelSelection : Form[Boolean])(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages, appConfig: config.FrontendAppConfig)
@main_template(title = Messages("page.reg.cancelpaye.description"), mainClass = None){
@Messages("common.button.back")
@Messages("page.reg.cancelpaye.p1")


How to use Javascript to build real project
What is Javascript
?
For most of the people, they may think JavaScript is nothing but a browser language, yes, but furthermore, it can be a common purpose programming language too.
So how do I use it?
1. run it at a browser
open your browser like firefox
or chrome
, press F12
, you shell see a debug window. Click Console
, you will see a terminal-like
layout, yes, that's it, you can run basic Javascript codes
in it.
2. we do it locally. (Actually writing it at local)
- you shell know what is
npm
and what isyarn
. Basically, they do the same things. Butyarn
is a newer tool for managingJavascript packages
- let’s creat a
Javascript project
first.
- install
npm
oryarn
bysudo apt install npm
orsudo apt install yarn
- go to your terminal,
mkdir our_javascript_project
,cd our_javascript_project
- use
npm init -y
oryarn init -y
to initialize your project (you will get a file which namespackage.json
, that's thecore configuration
for yourJavascript Project
) - now, let’s create our
index.js
file withvim index.js
, typing following:console.log("hello, world!")
, save it
3. import and compile
after downloaded your packages(like yarn
or npm
would do), if you want to run your JavaScript
codes, you have to import
your package, and in the end, compile your codes to the native codes that every browser can run. So this time, we have to use a new tool, parcel
- install
parcel
by this command:sudo yarn global add parcel-bundler
(you can google the installation instruction too) - create a html page which contains
<script src="./index.js"></script>
- render this page using
parcel index.html
- now open the local serving link, for example,
http://localhost:1234
, pressF12
, you'll see thehello, world
was printed at your browser console, great!
4. see, what if we want to add a new package to this project, what we should do now?
- just use
yarn add your_package_name
, that should do it
5. and, what if I want to get a single static website, which can run in any browser without the yarn, parcel
tools, what I should do?
- well, try this:
parcel build index.html
- after that, you can see a new folder
dist
has been created in your project folder. Inside it, it's your static website, cheer!
Beyond all of these, is endless packages and their own special usage, like react
, vue
Congratulations! you have learned all you should know to make a JavaScript project!
I’ll see you soon, don’t forget to support me, I am poor in Money: PayPal


| Head cell | Head cell | Head cell |
|---|---|---|
| Body cell | Body cell | Body cell |
| Body cell | Body cell | Body cell |
| Body cell | Body cell | Body cell |

...
...

...
...

Tip: You can align cells on top with a mod-alignTop
class on table
.
| Head cell | Head cell | Head cell |
|---|---|---|
| Body cell | Body cell | Body cell |
| Body cell | Body cell | Body cell |
| Body cell | Body cell | Body cell |

...

...
Tip: You can use a

&
structure if you want to have links on your rows.
| Sortable column | Sortable column | Sortable column |
|---|---|---|
| Body cell | Body cell | Body cell |
| Body cell | Body cell | Body cell |

...
...
...

...

| Table cell | Table cell | |
| Table cell | Table cell | |
| Table cell | Table cell |

Table cell
Table cell

<button class="actionIcon">edit</button>
<button class="actionIcon">trash</button>

...

| Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
| Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
| Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |

Table cell
Table cell
Table cell

...

You can use a table inside a card. To do it, put it outside card-content
and add a mod-card
to it.
| Table head | Table head |
|---|---|
| Table cell | Table cell |
| Table cell | Table cell |
| Table cell | Table cell |

...
...

...
...

...

You can use a mod-filters
on the first row of your table body to use it as a filter row.
| Head cell | Head cell | Head cell |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| Body cell | Body cell | Body cell |

Head cell
...

<input class="textfield-input" type="text" placeholder="Search">

...

Body cell
...


Measurement system: {{ measurement_system }} Image count: {{ image_count }} Values can be modified if the user has sufficient permissions (livesettings_setting:change).
Measurement system: {{ measurement_system }}
Image count: {{ image_count }}
Values can be modified if the user has sufficient permissions (livesettings_setting:change).


 She died in hospital six days later
by Adam HaleA husband burned his wife of 30 years to death at their chip shop by pouring scalding hot cooking oil over her, a court has heard.
Geoffrey Bran, 71, allegedly murdered his wife Mavis Bran, 69, with a deep fat fryer at the Chipoteria in Hermon, Carmarthenshire, following arguments between the pair.
On Monday Swansea Crown Court was told Mrs Bran suffered severe burns to her body after her husband allegedly pushed or threw one of three fryers on top of her.
Mrs Bran died in hospital six days after the alleged incident in October last year.
Prosecutor Paul Lewis QC said: "It is the prosecution case in a nutshell that the terrible burns Mrs Bran suffered were not the result of an accident, but were caused by her husband deliberately pushing or throwing over her a deep fat fryer which contained scalding oil."
The couple, who had no children together, owned a small number of commercial proprieties and businesses around South Wales, and opened the Chipoteria together in January 2018 in a cabin situated next to their home in the small West Wales village.
The court heard that financial pressures of their various businesses would sometimes put strain on their marriage leading to arguments about money.
Mr Lewis said in the months leading up to her death a friend of Mrs Bran had noticed their relationship had been "deteriorating", with Mrs Bran phoning the friend in tears saying "he's getting nasty".
Gareth Davies, another friend of the couple who lived with them, said on the afternoon of October 23 last year Mrs Bran returned home naked from the waist up shouting "I've been burned" and "I've had boiling hot fat all over me".
He described her upper body as "crimson" and that her skin was peeling off her wrists.
Despite her injuries Mrs Bran told Mr Davies to fetch more fish for customers and declined an ambulance.
Bran, who was sporting a cut above his eye, told Mr Davies his wife had been cooking fish when she slipped and grabbed the fryer, causing it to come out of the holder and spill over her.
But Mrs Bran's friend, Caroline Morgan, said she received a call from her around 1.15pm in which Mrs Bran screamed: "Geoff has thrown boiling oil over me. Please get here, I need you now, help."

Bran, from Hermon, denies murder.
The trial continues.


class: center, middle # Dynamic Memory Allocation and Linked List #### Yueh-Hua Tu #### 2020.11.6 --- # Memory allocation When memory is required to store values, memory allocation happens... -- ### Static memory allocation Allocate memory before runtime (e.g. compile time). -- #### Example ```c int a; float b = 2.3; int *ptr; int arr[10]; ``` --- # Memory allocation ### Dynamic memory allocation Allocate memory in runtime. -- * `malloc()`: memory allocation, dynamically allocates single large contiguous block of memory. * `calloc()`: contiguous allocation, dynamically allocates multiple contiguous blocks of memory. * `free()`: de-allocation or release memory * `realloc()`: re-allocation, dynamically changes the memory previously allocated. -- #### Example ```c ptr = (int*) malloc(100 * sizeof(int)); // do something... free(ptr); ``` > [Dynamic Memory Allocation in C](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-memory-allocation-in-c-using-malloc-calloc-free-and-realloc/) --- # Pitfalls of pointers ### Wild pointer Uninitialized pointer, address which pointer point to is undefined. ```c int *ptr; ``` -- ### Dangling pointer A pointer which points to illegal memory trunk. ```c int *ptr = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int)); free(ptr); int i = 3; *ptr = &i; ``` --- # Pitfalls of pointers ### Memory leakage Don't release memory after using memory. --- # Memory allocation in process
> [Processes](https://notes.shichao.io/tlpi/ch6/) --- # Memory allocation of array -- ### Allocates array in compile time
```c int arr[10]; // in stack ``` -- ### Allocates array in runtime
```c int *ptr = (int*) malloc(10 * sizeof(int)); // in heap ``` --- # Speed in register, cache and memory
> [你所不知道的 C 語言：記憶體管理、對齊及硬體特性](https://hackmd.io/@sysprog/c-memory?type=view) --- # Memory allocation for struct ```c typedef struct { char name[20]; unsigned age; } person; person p = {"Peter", 35}; ``` -- ### Point type in struct ```c typedef struct { double x; double y; } point; point *pt = malloc(sizeof(point)); ``` --- # struct as a node -- ### Self-referencing ```c typedef struct { int data; Node * next; } Node; ``` --
> [如何建構Linked List](https://medium.com/@MyCollegeNotebook/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%BB%BA%E6%A7%8Blinked-list-4f49604e044a) --- # Linked list
--
--
--- # Linked list ```c Node *insert(Node * ptr, int pos, int value); ``` -- ```c Node *delete(Node * ptr, int pos); ``` --- # Advanced * [What a C programmer should know about memory](https://marek.vavrusa.com/memory/) --- # Homework Implement linked list in C. * Complete data structure for node and optional linked list. * Implement `insert`, `delete` and `length` function for linked list. ### API reference ```c Node *insert(Node * ptr, int pos, int value); Node *delete(Node * ptr, int pos); int length(Node * ptr); ```


Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet
consectetur adipisicing elit.
Cupiditate adipisci repudiandae
quam natus nisi laboriosam nam,
placeat odio delectus exercitationem.
sometimes known as scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota (from Ancient Greek, "horny scale"). The one extant family, Manidae, has three genera: Manis, Phataginus and Smutsia. Manis comprises the four species found in Asia, while Phataginus and Smutsia include two species each, all found in Sub-Saharan Africa [2]. These species range in size from 30 to 100 cm (12 to 39 in). A number of extinct pangolin species are also known.
Pangolins have large, protective keratin scales covering their skin; they are the only known mammals with this feature. They live in hollow trees or burrows, depending on the species. Pangolins are nocturnal, and their diet consists of mainly ants and termites, which they capture using their long tongues. They tend to be solitary animals, meeting only to mate and produce a litter of one to three offspring, which they raise for about two years.
Pangolins are threatened by poaching (for their meat and scales, which are used in Chinese traditional medicine) and heavy deforestation of their natural habitats, and are the most trafficked mammals in the world.As of January 2020, of the eight species of pangolin, three (Manis culionensis, M. pentadactyla and M. javanica) are listed as critically endangered, three (Phataginus tricuspis, Manis crassicaudata and Smutsia gigantea) are listed as endangered and two (Phataginus tetradactyla and Smutsia temminckii) are listed as vulnerable on the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
1/3 + 2/4


Welcome to Cocktail, an interactive soundscape engine.
User name:
Search tags to create snippet set
Search snippet info by tag names. Separate tags with whitespace.
Tags:
Related tags:
Max Length:
Exclusive search?
Search
Set operation between two sets.
Execute!
Snippet set Information
Download Set
SetName:
Rename Set
Number of snippets:
Tags in set:
Snippets in set:
Remove from set
Snippet Id:
Tags in set:
Snippet file name:
Snippet start time:
Snippet duration:
Area for editing
Tags:
Start:
Duration:
New Snippets table
Filename
Start time
Duration
Tags
Stage area.
START
STOP
Weighted distribution?
Fixed delay
0
Delay variation
0
Fixed Gain
0
Gain variation
0
Fixed Balance
0
Mix Sets
0


Chris Fox. Posted 2 days ago
What is machine learning?Totally. Totally does.
posted by Chris, 1 day ago
Totally. Totally does.
posted by Vee, 3 hrs ago
Totally. Totally does.
posted by Cos, 1 min ago
Vee Vicky. Posted 5 minutes ago
where do I start from?Anywhere. Totally does.
posted by Chris, 1 day ago
Somewhere. Totally does.
posted by Vee, 3 hrs ago
Totally everywhere. Totally does.
posted by Cos, 1 min ago
Cos Bren. Posted 5 minutes ago
What OS can run on Raspberry PI 3??Totally. Totally does.
posted by Chris, 1 day ago
Totally. Totally does.
posted by Vee, 3 hrs ago
Totally. Totally does.
posted by Cos, 1 min ago


Home
Inspirations
Books
Now
Tag: syntax
Code blocks
More goodies
© Jacob Wood. Website built with
Franklin.jl
and the
Julia programming language
.


Tooltips can be anchored to elements using their ID
<3 <3 <3
wake up!
halp I am trapped in a tooltip
meow!
Tooltips can be anchored to elements relative to their parent
Tooltips can open in different directions
👈
👉
👍
👎
Tooltips can contain rich text (though against the Material Design spec)
Rich-text tooltips are doable but against the Material Design spec.


Request
Send
Abort
Abort all
Get all requests
Apply middleware
Clear middleware
Method
HEAD
OPTIONS
GET
POST
PUT
DELETE
FILE
Custom headers
Add a header
Custom parameters (todo)
Content type
plain text
json
URL
http://<IP_ADDRESS>:1337/
,
/demo/server.php
Timeout for request (sec)
Timeout for response (sec)
Select file:
0% Complete (success)
Response
REQUEST id (readonly)
Output (readonly):


| kales.ApplicationRecord |
Maps model classes to database records. Kales follows some conventions when dealing with models: |
| kales.activemodel.Association | |
| kales.activemodel.BelongsToAssociation |
Represents an association where a model A's table contains a foreign key to another model B's ApplicationRecord object, in a "A belongs to B" fashion. |
| kales.BelongsToAssociationColumnMapper | |
| kales.activemodel.BelongsToAssociationImpl | |
| kales.internal.Delegate | |
| kales.activemodel.HasManyAssociation |
Represents a one-to-many association between models F and T respectively |
| kales.activemodel.HasManyAssociationImpl | |
| org.jdbi.v3.core.Jdbi (extensions in package kales.activemodel) | |
| kales.JdbiFactory | |
| kales.internal.KApplicationRecordClass | |
| kales.internal.LazyBelongsToAssociation | |
| kales.internal.LazyHasManyAssociation | |
| kales.activemodel.MaybeRecordId |
Data type that represents ApplicationRecord.id. Can be either NoneId or RecordId to represent the fact that an ID may or may not exist depending on whether the record has been previously persisted to the DB or not. |
| kales.internal.MaybeRecordIdArgumentFactory | |
| kales.MaybeRecordIdColumnMapper | |
| kales.activemodel.NoneId |
ID for records that are only in-memory and not persisted in the database yet (or at all)
Since |
| kales.activemodel.RecordId |
ID for records that have been previously persisted to the database and have an auto generated value. |
| kales.internal.RecordQueryBuilder | |
| kales.internal.RecordUpdater | |
| kotlin.String (extensions in package kales.internal) |


Top Questions
|
0 1 13 |
|
votes answer views tags asked 29 1 min ago by user10819491 |
|
0 2 13 |
|
votes answer views tags asked 1 hour ago by Thomas Colpaert |
|
-1 1 43 |
|
votes answer views tags asked 33 mins ago ago Lou |
|
0 0 7 |
|
votes answer views tags asked 27 mins ago by Debashish Das |
|
3 1 60 |
|
votes answer views tags modified 29 mins ago Vreddhi Bhat |


Contents
Home
Final Group Project
Single Location Shoot
Week 3
ARTS3061
Abhi Dutta
Portfolio
Single Location Shoot
Final Film
Planning
Exegesis
Week 3 Workshop
Final Group Project - Inside Mind
Production Documentation
Link to Documentation
Exegesis


Cross-sections of the 3D displacement-field function in the spatial grid nodes {15, 15, 15}, respectively, −0.5 ≤ { X, Y} ≤ 0.5, at Z-levels: ( a) Z = 0.375; ( b) Z = 0.5. The upper and lower rows: the cross-sections of the true and recovered 3D displacement-field functions by the qNGD algorithm.


Two Way binding is most important part of Atoms.js Framework, which makes it very easy to update the data dynamically without writing any JavaScript. Binding framework automatically updates any relative one way binding and updates the changes throughout the page.
In above example, there is a toggle button bar, which displays list of items and one can be selected. Binding expression atom-selected-item is written with $ prefix, which makes this expression as two way binding, which means any time either side expression is modified, other will be updated at the same time. Here, whenever selected item will be changed by user (by clicking and changing the default selected item of Toggle Button Bar), this binding expression will save selected item as selection named property in scope.
So, whenever $[scope.selection] will be updated by atom-selected-item by user interaction, other elements bound to $scope.selection will be updated automatically.
By default, two way binding is updated on "change" event of HTML Element. This is done to improve performance, however if you want binding to be updated on every keyboard event, then you can use ^ instead of $. Or you can specify comma separated event names in bracket after the binding expression as shown below.


Ingredients
- 1 1/4 cups sugar
- 1/2 cup canola oil
- 3 tbsp almond milk
- 1 tbsp rosewater
- 2 tsp vanilla extract
- 1 tbsp fresh lime juice
- 1 tsp fresh lime zest
- 1/4 cup corn starch
- 1 3/4 cups flour
- 1 tsp baking powder
- 1/2 tsp salt
- 1/4 tsp ground cardamom
- 1/2 cup shelled pistachios, coarsely chopped
Instructions
- Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F and grease a cookie sheet.
- Whisk together the sugar, oil, almond milk, rosewater, vanilla, and lime.
- Add cornstarch, and whisk until dissolved.
- Mix in the the flour, baking powder, salt, and cardamom.
- Roll the dough into teaspoons-sized balls, and press into pistachios, so that they stick to the bottom, and arrange on the cookies sheet.
- Bake for 13 minutes, then remove from the oven and allow to cool for 5 minutes on the cookie sheet.
- Transfer to cooling rack to cool completely


{% extends "base/base.html" %} {% block title %}OVE Asset Manager - Store list{% endblock %} {% block content %}
This platform is designed to store project data for an Open Visualisation Environment (OVE) installation.


You are being redirected to GlassCast.
If you are not redirected after a few seconds, please click on the link above!


68KB URLs
By default, URLs in 68KB are designed to be search-engine and human friendly. Rather than using the standard "query string" approach to URLs that is synonymous with dynamic systems, 68KB uses a segment-based approach:
example.com/article/my_article
Note: Query string URLs can be optionally enabled, as described below.
URI Segments
The segments in the URL, in following with the Model-View-Controller approach, usually represent:
example.com/class/function/ID
- The first segment represents the controller class that should be invoked.
- The second segment represents the class function, or method, that should be called.
- The third, and any additional segments, represent the ID and any variables that will be passed to the controller.
Removing the index.php file
By default, the index.php file will be included in your URLs:
example.com/index.php/article/my_article
You can easily remove this file by using a .htaccess file with some simple rules. Here is an example of such a file, using the "negative" method in which everything is redirected except the specified items:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|images|robots\.txt)
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L]
In the above example, any HTTP request other than those for index.php, images, and robots.txt is treated as a request for your index.php file.
Here is another method that may work if the above doesn't:
Options +FollowSymLinks
Options -Indexes
DirectoryIndex index.php
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|images|robots\.txt)
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L,QSA]
Adding a URL Suffix
In your includes/config.php file you can specify a suffix that will be added to all URLs generated by 68KB. For example, if a URL is this:
example.com/index.php/article/my_article
You can optionally add a suffix, like .html, making the page appear to be of a certain type:
example.com/index.php/article/my_article.html


Privacy and Technology
Companies like to gather information about people. It makes sense to me why that is. Companies want to use their resources most effectively when marketting to customers. They don't want to waste time trying to sell baby products to people that don't have babies, sell beef jerkey to vegetarians, and sell kilts to people with no affinity for Irish or Scottish culture. Being able to sell products to people that genuinely want them is part of how our society works.
Governments like to gather information about their citizens. It makes sense to me why that is. Governments want to have statistical data to use towards policy decisions. Governments also want to track down criminals as efficiently as possible. The more concerning part of this is how far can the government go, and who is keeping and eye on them? There needs to be a way to hold the government accountable for the information they gather and how they use it. Otherwise, great injustices will arrise.
Companies like Facebook and Google have collected vast ammounts of information about millions of individuals, and the government has tapped into these companies for private information in order to track down persons of interest. Facebook and Google have also used people's preferrences and photos in order to market products and services. What does this mean to you and me? Should it be allowed? What should we be doing about it? Do you care?
People in general like to share things about themselves publicly. They also like to keep some things private. I believe people's privacy should be respected. How that can be possible in our current world is beyond me, however. The best advice I can offer and put into practice myself, is if I don't want anyone else to know about something I said, something I believe, pictures I've taken, etc., then don't post it online. If you don't want people to know what your interests are, don't do a search on Google. I think there should be regulations on how data is collected and distributed, and that needs to be worked out by politicians and the voters who elect them. In the mean time though, I think people need to be aware of how their private information can and is being used, and to be careful of what they share.


1.5 Changing nature of business
It is clear that the retail companies in rapid growth are those who are able to upgrade the services of the traditional storefront into a more convenient, efficient and user-friendly setting that compliments the services available online. Banks have moved their services online and to ATM to increase the convenience of handling money while lowering operating costs. Online companies like Amazon have teamed up with traditional shopping chains like Target to allows customers the opportunity to compare, touch and feel products before purchasing them either in the shop or online. Online orders can be delivered to shops to reduce shipping costs. Amazon has even integrated such high tech features as AI, face recognition and sensor to change the user shopping experience.(Amazon.com 2016) Technology play a critical role in all of these developments.
New generation 7-11 (Seven Eleven)
View this news clip about a new Seven Eleven outlet that opened in Pattaya with a new look that is in keeping with the era of Thailand 4.0. The store is full of sensors, monitors and systems to create a modern, futuristic, efficient shopping and eating environment complete with innovations to improve energy-saving and user convenience. Watch the video (Suriyawong 2018) and list the number of ways computers have been used to change the user experience.
1.5.1 Nature of Online Commerce
With the launch of the Internet in the 1990s founded by the development of the world wide web in the 1990s, online commerce has gained an advantage over corresponding brick and mortar firms especially for the following reasons:
- The customer has access to more information to make better purchasing decisions
- The customer can shop 24x7
- The customer can track the progress of order fulfillment.
- Customers can find and provide feedback verified through social media.
- The functions of e-commerce can be purchased and updated to keep development costs low and to maximize economies of scale
1.5.2 The e-shopping customer experience
As shown by the table below, The process of shopping for goods online has many similarities to shopping at traditional brick and mortar shops. These similarities have contributed to rapid growth in online purchases which in 2018 totaled $2,489 trillion worldwide. This represents about 8.8% of all sales worldwide. (Saleh 2019)
| Custome Customer Customer Customer Customer The fina The cust The fina The vend The fulf The fulf The ship The cust | r finds the store. shops for items of searches for infor chooses items for checkouts the sele ncial institution i omer transfers fund ncial institution s or sends a pick-lis illment center send illment center upda per delivers the go omer takes possessi | Ads and billboards | Google and Facebook Ads; Referrals from blogs interest | Window shopping | Search the website
mation on the products| Check packaging and sales staff | Internet searches and social media recommendations
purchase | Places them in a cart or shopping basket | Virtual transfer of items to an electronic shopping cart
cted items for purchase | The customer takes the shopping cart to the check out counter | The virtual cart is checked out creating a preliminary bill complete with shipping information
dentifies and authenticates the payer|The customer swipes a credit card or ATM card|The customer logs into to e-banking, e-payment or credit card services
s to the vendor.| The customer signs the electronic receipt or pays cash|The customer verifies and authorizes payment
end payment verification.|ATM or Credit card service authenticates the transaction or the cashier |The financial institution sends a secure memo to the e-store that payment was made.
t order to the fulfillment center.|The storekeeper faxes the order to the warehouse | The fulfillment center is notified of the order and its payment and picks the items
s the goods to the shipper.|The items are boxed and set aside for pickup|The items are boxed and sent to the shipper.
tes the order status.|The customer is called to pick up his order.| The online system is updated and the customer can track its location.
ods.|The counter staff check the delivery items and turns them over to the customer.|The shipper delivers the goods.
on of the goods.|The customer picks up the bags and leaves|The customer signs for the goods and the tracking system is updated. |
| Computer | Tablet | Smartphone | |
|---|---|---|---|
| E-commerce traffic | 53.9% | 12.4% | 33.7% |
| Volume of Retail sales | 76.9% | 12.4% | 10.7% |
Adoption of online shopping by age
| Frequency | 18-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-64 | >65 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Once per week | 35% | 37% | 23% | 17% | 11% |
| Once per month | 41% | 35% | 35% | 38% | 31% |
| Once per year | 24% | 28% | 42% | 45% | 50% |
| Never | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 8% |
```
References
Amazon.com. 2016. “Introducing Amazon Go and the World’s Most Advanced Shopping Technology.” https://youtu.be/NrmMk1Myrxc.
Saleh, Khalid. 2019. “Global Online Retail Spending: Statistics and Trends.” https://www.invespcro.com/blog/global-online-retail-spending-statistics-and-trends/; Invesp.
Suriyawong, Thekkit Chat. 2018. “7-11 (Seven Eleven) with New Generation 4.0 High Tech.” https://youtu.be/Xl3rEUbpgsE; Channel 3 News.


Plugin Information |
|---|
View jenkins-cloudformation-plugin on the plugin site for more information. |
The current version of this plugin may not be safe to use. Please review the following warnings before use:
This plugin is up for adoption. Want to help improve this plugin? Click here to learn more!
A plugin that allows for the creation of cloud formation stacks before running the build and the deletion of them after the build is completed.
This plugin gives Jenkins the ability to spawn Amazon Cloud Formation stacks before running the build and stopping it at the end.
This is particularly useful for testing; where you can create your application stacks in the Amazon cloud; deploy your application to them, run tests against it and finally take all the stacks down.
If the stack takes parameters, you can enter them as a semi-colon separated list of value=pair. For backward compatibility you can also use comma as separator for parameters. This however prevents you from passing comma separated lists as values for parameters. If you need to pass lists as values for parameters then you should separate your parameters with a semi-colon like this:
param1=value1;param2=v2,v3,v4,v5;param3=v3,v4;param4=value4
If the stack that is created has outputs, they will be added as variables to the build environment so you can use them during the build just as any other environment variable like $WORKSPACE. The name of the variables will be the name of the output item defined in the stack json document prefixed with the name of the stack that produced it (ie. stack1_outputName).
This has the useful side effect of allowing for the chaining of several stacks where the ones further down can be fed the outputs of the previous stacks as parameters. In this way, if you have a stack that creates an instance and outputs its IP address you can potentially pass the IP address into another stack as a parameter and use it in whatever way you need.
The timeout value in the configuration refers to the maximum amount of time to wait before giving up on the stack creation. Keep in mind that if this threshold is reached the plugin will make no effort to delete the stack. Future version may change this behavior.
The stacks order can be re-arranged by dragging them. WARNING: If you are chaining stacks the order is relevant and therefore you should revise the parameters configuration of each of the stacks.
If an error occurs during the creation of the stack, this plugin will mark the build as failed and all previously created stacks will be deleted (Assuming they were flagged to be deleted at the end of the job)
As of version 0.8 a Build Notifier has been added to delete stacks. This feature allows jobs to kill stacks that were created in previous jobs. Here is a snapshot of the configuration for notifier:
Attachments:
Picture 12.png (image/png)
Picture 13.png (image/png)
Picture 14.png (image/png)
Picture 3.png (image/png)
Screen Shot 2013-03-04 at 2.47.15 PM.png (image/png)
Screen Shot 2013-03-04 at 2.48.33 PM.png (image/png)


German economy grows slightly in 3rd quarter, averting feared recession
by EndPlayBERLIN - BERLIN (AP) - German economy grows slightly in 3rd quarter, averting feared recession.
BERLIN - BERLIN (AP) - German economy grows slightly in 3rd quarter, averting feared recession.


(c) Information relating to impeachment. -- An
independent counsel shall advise the House of Representatives of any substantial
and credible information which such independent counsel receives, in carrying
out the independent counsel's responsibilities under this chapter, that may
constitute grounds for an impeachment. Nothing in this chapter or section 49 of
this title [concerning the assignment of judges to the Special Division that
appoints an independent counsel] shall prevent the Congress or either House
thereof from obtaining information in the course of an impeachment proceeding.
2. Ms. Jones also named Arkansas State Trooper Danny
Ferguson as a defendant. For a detailed background of the Jones v.
Clinton lawsuit, see the accompanying Appendix, Tab C.
3. In 1991, Ms. Jones was an employee of the Arkansas
Industrial Development Corporation. Ms. Jones alleged that while at work at a
meeting at the Excelsior Hotel that day, she was invited into a hotel room with
Governor Clinton, and that once she was there, the Governor exposed his genitals
and asked her to perform oral sex on him. Ms. Jones alleged that she suffered
various job detriments after refusing Governor Clinton's advances. This Referral
expresses no view on the factual or legal merit, or lack thereof, of Ms. Jones's
claims.
4. Jones v. Clinton, 117 S. Ct. 1636, 1652 (1997).
5. The purpose of discovery in a civil lawsuit is "to allow
a broad search for facts, the names of witnesses, or any other matters which may
aid a party in the preparation or presentation of his case." Fed. R. Civ. P. 26
advisory committee notes (1946). The discovery process allows the parties to
obtain from their respective opponents written answers to interrogatories, oral
testimony in depositions under oath, documents, and other tangible items so long
as the information sought "appears reasonably calculated to lead to the
discovery of admissible evidence." Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1).
6. 921-DC-00000461 (Dec. 11, 1997 Order at 3). Similarly, in
a December 18, 1997 Order, Judge Wright noted that "the issue [was] one of
discovery, not admissibility of evidence at trial. Discovery, as all counsel
know, by its very nature takes unforeseen twists and turns and goes down
numerous paths, and whether those paths lead to the discovery of admissible
evidence often simply cannot be predetermined." 1414-DC-00001012-13 (Dec. 18,
1997 Order at 7-8).
7. V002-DC-00000020 (President Clinton's Responses to
Plaintiff's Second Set of Interrogatories at 5).
8. V002-DC-00000053 (President Clinton's Supplemental
Responses to Plaintiff's Second Set of Interrogatories at 2). During discovery
in a civil lawsuit, the parties must answer written questions
("interrogatories") that are served on them by their opponent. Fed. R. Civ. P.
33. The answering party must sign a statement under penalty of perjury attesting
to the truthfulness of the answers. Id.
9. For a brief discussion of the scope of the OIC's
jurisdiction, see "The Scope of the Referral," below.
10. The full text of the Special Division's Order is set
forth in the Appendix, Tab A.
11. Jones v. Clinton, Motion of the United States
for Limited Intervention and a Stay of Discovery, at 6. The overlap in the
proceedings was significant. Witnesses called before the grand jury in the
criminal investigation had been subpoenaed by both parties to the civil case;
defendant's counsel had subpoenaed information from the OIC; and the plaintiff's
attorneys had subpoenaed documents directly related to the criminal matter.
12. Jones v. Clinton, Order, Jan. 29, 1998, at 2.
13. Id.
14. Id. at 2-3.
15. Id. at 3.
16. Jones v. Clinton, 993 F. Supp. 1217, 1222 (E.D.
Ark. 1998) (footnote and emphasis omitted).
17. Jones v. Clinton, 990 F. Supp. 657, 679 (E.D.
Ark. 1998).
18. In the course of its investigation, the OIC gathered
information from a variety of sources, including the testimony of witnesses
before the grand jury. Normally a federal prosecutor is prohibited by Rule 6(e)
of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure from disclosing grand jury material,
unless it obtains permission from a court or is otherwise authorized by law to
do so. This Office concluded that the statutory obligation of disclosure imposed
on an Independent Counsel by 28 U.S.C. ß595(c) grants such authority.
Nevertheless, out of an abundance of caution, the OIC obtained permission from
the Special Division to disclose grand jury material as appropriate in carrying
out its statutory duty. A copy of the disclosure order entered by the Special
Division is set forth in the Appendix, Tab B. We also advised Chief Judge Norma
Holloway Johnson, who supervises the principal grand jury in this matter, of our
determination on that issue.
19. U.S. Const., art. I, ß 2, cl. 5; art. I, ß 3, cl. 6.
20. 28 U.S.C. ß 594(a).
21. Before the grand jury, the President refused to answer
certain questions about his conduct with Ms. Lewinsky on the ground that he
believed the inquiries were unnecessary "and . . . I think, frankly, go too far
in trying to criminalize my private life." Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 94.
Others have argued that alleged "lies about sex" have nothing to do with the
President's performance in office, and thus, are inconsequential. Former White
House Counsel Jack Quinn articulated this view:
This is a matter of sex between consenting adults, and the question of
whether or not one or the other was truthful about it. . . . This doesn't go to
the question of his conduct in office. And, in that sense, it's trivial.
John F. Harris, "In Political Washington, A Confession Consensus,"
Washington Post, Aug. 4, 1998, at A1 (quoting Quinn's statement on CBS's
"Face the Nation").
The President echoed this theme in his address to the Nation on August 17,
1998, following his grand jury testimony:
. . . I intend to reclaim my family life for my family. It's nobody's
business but ours. Even Presidents have private lives. It is time to stop the
pursuit of personal destruction and the prying into private lives and get on
with our national life.
Testing of a President: In His Own Words, Last Night's
Address, The New York Times, Aug. 18, 1998, at A12.
22. Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 9. As two commentators have
noted: "[T]o the extent that discovery is permitted with respect to the sexual
activities of either the complainant or the alleged harasser, courts likely will
freely entertain motions to limit the availability of such information to the
parties and their counsel and to prohibit general dissemination of such
sensitive data to third parties." See Barbara Lindeman & David D.
Kadue, Sexual Harassment in Employment Law 563 (1992).
23. A sexual harassment case can sometimes boil down to a
credibility battle between the parties, in which "the existence of corroborative
evidence or the lack thereof is likely to be crucial." Henson v. City of
Dundee, 682 F.2d 897, 912 n.25 (11th Cir. 1982). If there are no
eyewitnesses, it can be critical for a plaintiff to learn in discovery whether
the defendant has committed the same kind of acts before or since. Thus, the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission explained in a 1990 policy statement
that the plaintiff's allegations of an incident of sexual harassment "would be
further buttressed if other employees testified that the supervisor
propositioned them as well." EEOC Policy Guidance (1990). The rules of evidence
establish that such corroboration may be used to show the defendant's "motive,
opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of
mistake or accident." Fed. R. Evid. 404(b). In short, a defendant's sexual
history, at least with respect to other employees, is ordinarily discoverable in
a sexual harassment suit.
24. United States v. Mandujano, 425 U.S. 564, 576
(1975) (plurality opinion).
25. ABF Freight Sys., Inc. v. NLRB, 510 U.S. 317,
323 (1994).
26. United States v. Norris, 300 U.S. 564, 574
(1937). There is occasional misunderstanding to the effect that perjury is
somehow distinct from "obstruction of justice." While the crimes are distinct,
they are in fact variations on a single theme: preventing a court, the parties,
and the public from discovering the truth. Perjury, subornation of perjury,
concealment of subpoenaed documents, and witness tampering are all forms of
obstruction of justice.
27. See Eugene Lyons, Herbert Hoover: A
Biography 337 (1964) (quoting Hoover).
28. U.S. Const., art. II, ß 1, cl. 8.
29. U.S. Const., art. II, ß 3; see also George
Washington, Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1793:
Previous to the execution of any official act of the President the
Constitution requires an oath of office. This oath I am now about to take, and
in your presence: That if it shall be found during my administration of the
Government I have in any instance violated willingly or knowingly the
injunctions thereof, I may (besides incurring constitutional punishment) be
subject to the upbraidings of all who are now witnesses of the present solemn
ceremony.
Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States, H.R. Doc. No.
82-540, at 4 (1954).
30. Jordan, House Testimony, 7/24/97, at 46.
31. From April through November 1994, 17 different persons
or entities retained Mr. Hubbell as a consultant. In 1994, he collected $450,010
for this work. In 1995, he collected $91,750, despite beginning a 28-month
prison term in August of that year.


The Value Set Workbench is a editing environment used to capture the semantics of your data and to map meanings of terms between data sources.
Value Sets - Find out how to manage allowable values from your data sources.
Maps - See how Value Set Definitions can be mapped to help align semantics and meaning.


Full Stack Developer / DevOps / Project Management
Frontend Developer
Full Stack Developer
Web Developer
Front End Developer
Full Stack Developer (Hobby)
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>No 10 Ohinoyi Road U/Rimi GRA Kaduna
+2347068869376


|
Elektra
0.8.25
|
This is a plugin reading and writing JSON files using the library yail
The plugin was tested with yajl version 1.0.8-1 from Debian 6 and yajl version 2.0.4-2 from Debian 7.
Examples of files which are used for testing can be found below the folder in "src/plugins/yajl/yajl".
The JSON grammar can be found here.
A validator can be found here.
Supports every KeySet except when arrays are intermixed with other keys. Has only limited support for metadata.
libyajl-dev
(version 1 and 2 should work)The type of the data is available via the metadata type
:
string
: The JSON string type.boolean
: The JSON boolean type (true or false)double
: For JSON numbers.If no metadata type
is given, the type is either:
null
on binary null-keystring
otherwiseAny other type/value will still be treated as string, but the warning #78
will be added because of the potential data loss.
In JSON it is possible to have empty arrays and objects. In Elektra this is mapped using the special names
###empty_array
and
___empty_map
Arrays are mapped to Elektra’s array convention #0, #1,..
iconv
plugin if your locale are not UTF-8. When using non-UTF-8 the plugin will be able to write the file, but cannot parse it back again. You will error #77, invalid bytes in UTF8 string.Because of these potential problems a type checker and comments filter are highly recommended.
The following example shows you how you can read and write data using this plugin.
`` <h1>Mount the plugin to the cascading namespace
/tests/yajl` sudo kdb mount config.json /tests/yajl yajl
printf '{ "number": 1337 }' > kdb file /tests/yajl
kdb get /tests/yajl/number #> 1337
kdb getmeta /tests/yajl/number type #> double
kdb set /tests/yajl/key value #> Using name user/tests/yajl/key #> Create a new key user/tests/yajl/key with string "value"
kdb get /tests/yajl/key #> value
user/tests/yajl/
).kdb file user/tests/yajl/ | xargs cat #> { #> "___dirdata": "", #> "key": "value", #> "number": 1337 #> }
kdb set user/tests/yajl/piggy/#0 straw kdb set user/tests/yajl/piggy/#1 sticks kdb set user/tests/yajl/piggy/#2 bricks
kdb get user/tests/yajl/piggy/#2 #> bricks
kdb file user/tests/yajl | xargs cat #> { #> "___dirdata": "", #> "key": "value", #> "number": 1337, #> "piggy": [ #> "___dirdata: ", #> "straw", #> "sticks", #> "bricks" #> ] #> }
kdb rm -r /tests/yajl sudo kdb umount /tests/yajl
/tests/yajl
sudo kdb mount config.json /tests/yajl yajl
kdb set /tests/yajl/roots 'Things Fall Apart' kdb set /tests/yajl/roots/bloody 'Radical Face' kdb set /tests/yajl/roots/bloody/roots 'No Roots'
kdb set /tests/yajl/now ', Now' kdb set /tests/yajl/now/#0 'Neighbors' kdb set /tests/yajl/now/#1 'Threads'
kdb ls /tests/yajl #> user/tests/yajl #> user/tests/yajl/now #> user/tests/yajl/now/#0 #> user/tests/yajl/now/#1 #> user/tests/yajl/roots #> user/tests/yajl/roots/bloody #> user/tests/yajl/roots/bloody/roots
kdb get /tests/yajl/roots #> Things Fall Apart kdb get /tests/yajl/roots/bloody #> Radical Face
kdb get /tests/yajl/roots/bloody/roots #> No Roots
kdb get /tests/yajl/now #> , Now kdb getmeta /tests/yajl/now array #> #1 kdb get /tests/yajl/now/#0 #> Neighbors kdb get /tests/yajl/now/#1 #> Threads
kdb rm -r /tests/yajl sudo kdb umount /tests/yajl
or:
Then you can copy the OpenICC_device_config_DB.json
to systemwide or user config, e.g.
prints out then all device entries available in the config
prints out "Glasshuette" with the example config in source
You can export the whole system openicc config to ini with:
or import it:


{% extends 'hierarchy/base_commodity_object_detail.html' %} {% load dotted_format %} {% block title %}Chapter information for {% for commodity_code_segment in chapter.commodity_code_split %}{{ commodity_code_segment }} {% endfor %}{% endblock title %} {% block heading %} {% include "hierarchy/_hierarchy_header.html" with object=chapter %} {% endblock %} {% block subheading %}
If your item is not listed by name, it may be shown under what it's used for, what it's made from or 'other'.
{% endblock %}


Planet Sick-Boy: http://www.sick-boy.com "We Put the SIN in Cinema"
© Copyright 2001 Planet Sick-Boy. All Rights Reserved.
Leave it to Robert Rodriguez to make a high-octane kiddie pic largely set in Mexico and full of music straight from his Hollywood calling card, El Mariachi. If I had seen Spy Kids as a child, it would have blown my mind, and it's easy to envision the sequel-ready blockbuster-to-be becoming a Star Wars for today's grammar school crowd.
Kids is about a brother and sister who, unbeknownst to them, are the offspring of two of the world's top secret agents. The film opens with mother Ingrid (Carla Gugino, Snake Eyes) telling young Carmen (Alexa Vega) and Juni (Daryl Sabara) a bedtime story called "The Two Spies Who Fell in Love." The story, of course, is a non-fictional account of how she and husband Gregorio (Antonio Banderas, Play It To the Bone) met, fell in love and decided to trade in a life of espionage for parenting. They've been out of the spy game for years but still maintain old contacts and keep up on the latest international terrorist news.
Meanwhile, the star of a children's Teletubby-ish TV show is threatening to wreak havoc on the world (what would a spy film be without a guy like this?). It seems that Floop (Alan Cumming, Get Carter), the star of "Floop's Fooglies," has been capturing spies and turning them into mutants for his show. His goal, apparently, is to create a race of atomic super-robots that he will use to do his bidding. Floop has a sidekick named Minion (Tony Shalhoub, Galaxy Quest) who is the real brains of the operation - a Sideshow Bob, if you will, to Floop's Krusty the Clown.
The catch is that Floop and Minion need an intelligence prototype created by Gregorio to complete their dastardly creations. They kidnap Gregorio and Ingrid, leaving the two kids to rescue their parents, and the world. Carmen and Juni get to play with all kinds of cool gadgets and modes of transportation that, frankly, put the recent James Bond films to shame. They also engage in typical sibling battles with each other while they battle Floop's henchmen and cronies.
The special effects in Kids range from really cheesy to quite staggering (at least for a kids' film; we're not talking The Matrix here). Rodriguez has a reputation of making expensive-looking films for peanuts, and he doesn't disappoint here. Kids cost $36 million, but it looks like two or three times that amount was used. To keep costs down, Rodriguez, as usual, wore many hats on the set, serving as producer, editor, director, writer, sound mixer and visual supervisor. Vega and Sabara helped out by insisting they perform most of their own stunts.
The casting here is pretty decent, with Vega the only real standout.  Kelly Preston was originally cast in Gugino's role but backed out because she had just given birth to an evil little Scientologist
Kids reminded me a lot of Cloak & Dagger, a similar kid-oriented spy caper from the early '80s that starred a hot-off-E.T. Henry Thomas. Like Dagger, this film doesn't dumb down the action for really young kids and, as a result, makes the picture a lot more enjoyable for older kids and adults.
1:28 - PG for action sequences
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29089 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 198965 X-RT-TitleID: 1106024 X-RT-SourceID: 595 X-RT-AuthorID: 1146
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


| 002:023 Khan | : |
And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down (i.e. the Qur'an) to Our slave (Muhammad Peace be upon him ), then produce a Surah (chapter) of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if you are truthful. |
| 002:023 Maulana | : |
And if you are in doubt as to that which We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a chapter like it and call on your helpers besides Allah if you are truthful. |
| 002:023 Pickthal | : |
And if ye are in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto Our slave (Muhammad), then produce a surah of the like thereof, and call your witness beside Allah if ye are truthful. |
| 002:023 Rashad | : |
If you have any doubt regarding what we revealed to our servant, then produce one sura like these, and call upon your own witnesses against GOD, if you are truthful. |
| 002:023 Sarwar | : |
Should you have any doubt about what We have revealed to Our servant, present one chapter comparable to it and call all your supporters, besides God, if your claim is true. |
| 002:023 Shakir | : |
And if you are in doubt as to that which We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a Chapter like it and call on your witnesses besides Allah if you are truthful. |
| 002:023 Sherali | : |
And if you are in doubt as to what WE have sent down to OUR servant, then produce a chapter like it, and call upon your helpers besides ALLAH, if you are truthful. |
| 002:023 Yusufali | : |
And if ye are in doubt as to what We have revealed from time to time to Our servant, then produce a Sura like thereunto; and call your witnesses or helpers (If there are any) besides Allah, if your (doubts) are true. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > تحدي الكفار Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> Challenging the Disbelievers القرآن الكريم > حقيقته وتصديقه للكتب الأوائل The Holy Quran> The Quran's Reality and its confirmation of the Previous Books القرآن الكريم > محاججة المنكرين والجاحدين The Holy Quran> Arguing the Denyers and the Unbelievers
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block meta %} {% endblock %} {% block google_ads %} {% endblock %} {% block style %} #p {color:#9c9c9c;} /* Facebook Section */ #facebook { {% comment %} background: #ee8c3a; {% endcomment %} background-image: url("http://www.confep.in/static/facebook.png"); background-repeat: no-repeat; padding: 80px 0px; text-align: center; color: #fff; } #facebook h3 { font-size: 36px; font-weight: 400; color: #fff; } #facebook p { font-size: 15px; font-style: italic; padding: 0px; margin: 25px 0px 40px; } #facebook form { background: #fff; padding: 6px 10px; position: relative; border-radius: 50px; box-shadow: 0px 2px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); text-align: left; } #facebook form input[type="text"] { border: 0; padding: 4px 8px; width: calc(100% - 100px); } #facebook form input[type="submit"] { position: absolute; top: 0; right: -1px; bottom: 0; border: 0; background: none; font-size: 16px; padding: 0 20px; background: #000000; color: #fff; border: 2px solid #fff; border-radius: 50px; box-shadow: 0px 5px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } #facebook form input[type="submit"]:hover { opacity: 0.9; } {% endblock %} {% block facebook %}active{% endblock %} {% block title %}Free Facebook Video Downloader{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Download Facebook Videos on your Device by just providing the link
What is Facebook Downloader?
It is a simple online service for downloading any video content from the Facebook social media platform. With this tool, you can save any format videos - post, streaming live, story, from one second to five hours long to your PC, Mac, Android, or iPhone. All you need to do is paste a link to the content you would like to get.
Why does everybody need to use Facebook Downloader?
1 - It’s fast and simple. It saves your time trying to find a good way to save Facebook content or screenshot it, editing your screenshots, and figuring out if the quality is any good.
2 - It’s reliable. This service saves the content you need in the best quality possible.
3 - It’s convenient. No one can save five years of profile content in just 10 minutes in one button. But the downloader can. Just try it out.
Can I save videos with this Facebook Video Downloader service?
You can save any video from Facebook with this free Facebook Video Downloader tool. Get the best quality available with this Facebook Video downloader. Just paste a link to the content you’d like to get.
Can I use Facebook Downloader for PC?
The Confep Facebook Video Downloader is a web service. So, you can use it on any device you prefer. Download videos and photos to your computer, Windows, Mac, Android, etc.


Hi, welcome to
U
biquity
Version
{{app.getVersion()}}
It works !
Your application is now ready. You can start working by reading the
Quick start guide
.
Instance informations
{% set infos = infos|merge({'Template': _self}) %}
{% for index in [0,4] %}
{% for key, value in infos |slice(index, 4)%}
{{key}}
{{value}}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
Ubiquity
{% for name, link in links %}
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{% endfor %}


(#) Valid Full Backup Content File
!!! ERROR: Valid Full Backup Content File
This is an error, and is also enforced at build time when
supported by the build system. For Android this means it will
run during release builds.
Id
: `FullBackupContent`
Summary
: Valid Full Backup Content File
Severity
: Fatal
Category
: Correctness
Platform
: Android
Vendor
: Android Open Source Project
Feedback
: https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=192708
Affects
: Resource files
Editing
: This check runs on the fly in the IDE editor
See
: https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2015/07/auto-backup-for-apps-made-simple.html
Implementation
: [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-checks/src/main/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/FullBackupContentDetector.kt)
Tests
: [Source Code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/FullBackupContentDetectorTest.kt)
Copyright Year
: 2015
Ensures that ` and ``
files, which configure backup options, are valid.
(##) Example
Here is an example of lint warnings produced by this check:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~text
res/xml/data_extraction_rules.xml:6:Error: foo.xml is not in an included
path [FullBackupContent]
<exclude domain="sharedpref" path="foo.xml"/>
-------
res/xml/full_backup_content.xml:5:Error: foo.xml is not in an included
path [FullBackupContent]
<exclude domain="sharedpref" path="foo.xml"/>
-------
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Here are the relevant source files:
`src/AndroidManifest.xml`:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~xml linenumbers
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="my.pkg" >
<application
android:fullBackupContent="@xml/full_backup_content">
android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
android:label="@string/app_name">
...
</application>
</manifest>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
`res/xml/data_extraction_rules.xml`:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~xml linenumbers
<data-extraction-rules>
<cloud-backup>
<include domain="file" path="dd"/>
<exclude domain="file" path="dd/fo3o.txt"/>
<exclude domain="file" path="dd/ss/foo.txt"/>
<exclude domain="sharedpref" path="foo.xml"/>
</cloud-backup>
<device-transfer>
<include domain="file"/>
<exclude domain="file" path="dd/fo3o.txt"/>
<include domain="sharedpref" path="something"/>
</device-transfer>
</data-extraction-rules>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
`res/xml/full_backup_content.xml`:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~xml linenumbers
<full-backup-content>
<include domain="file" path="dd"/>
<exclude domain="file" path="dd/fo3o.txt"/>
<exclude domain="file" path="dd/ss/foo.txt"/>
<exclude domain="sharedpref" path="foo.xml"/>
</full-backup-content>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can also visit the
[source code](https://cs.android.com/android-studio/platform/tools/base/+/mirror-goog-studio-main:lint/libs/lint-tests/src/test/java/com/android/tools/lint/checks/FullBackupContentDetectorTest.kt)
for the unit tests for this check to see additional scenarios.
(##) Suppressing
You can suppress false positives using one of the following mechanisms:
* Adding the suppression attribute `tools:ignore="FullBackupContent"`
on the problematic XML element (or one of its enclosing elements).
You may also need to add the following namespace declaration on the
root element in the XML file if it's not already there:
`xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"`.
* Using a special `lint.xml` file in the source tree which turns off
the check in that folder and any sub folder. A simple file might look
like this:
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<lint>
<issue id="FullBackupContent" severity="ignore" />
</lint>
```
Instead of `ignore` you can also change the severity here, for
example from `error` to `warning`. You can find additional
documentation on how to filter issues by path, regular expression and
so on
[here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/lintxml.md.html).
* In Gradle projects, using the DSL syntax to configure lint. For
example, you can use something like
```gradle
lintOptions {
disable 'FullBackupContent'
}
```
In Android projects this should be nested inside an `android { }`
block.
* For manual invocations of `lint`, using the `--ignore` flag:
```
$ lint --ignore FullBackupContent ...`
```
* Last, but not least, using baselines, as discussed
[here](https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/usage/baselines.md.html).


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{% extends 'rbase.html' %} {% block title %}Password Reset{% endblock %} {% block content %}
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{% raw %}{% extends "base.html" %} {% load bootstrap_tags %} {% block title %}Home{% endblock title %} {% block content %}
Include a short description of how to use this app here.


Bradley Holbrook
Bradley is a college instructor and a cloud application engineer and loves the Muppets.
Bradley is a college instructor and a cloud application engineer and loves the Muppets.
Colby is a student at Focus college with a passion for programming. He also enjoys long(or short preferably) walks on the beach
Hi, I'm Gavin and I like coding and chicken wings!
Angham is a student, and she loves monkeys.
Derrick is a student at Focus College & works full time but spends his limited free time biking
Doug is a computer, beep boop. He writes code.
This is a dude.  Who is operating a computer. A thumbs up rings like a trumpet defiantly through the air. He whispers underneath his breath. "The repo has finally been pulled."
Tyler is a college level student studying computer science
All of these creators work hard to create websites.


A pipe is a descriptor pair for interprocess communication.1 It allows data to flow in one direction, from its read end to the write end. In a way, a pipe is the prototypical cod channel; they have been standing model for how channels work.
Pipes are mainly used to communicate with subprocesses; they can be accessed by everyone in the process group of the creating process. The patterns shown here will illustrate what real uses such communication can have.
Pipes can be closed on either end. If the last write end is closed, further
reads will raise a Cod::ConnectionLost[2]
.
Pipes in cod are constructed using
Cod.pipe
This returns a pipe that is either to be used for writing or for reading, but never both. If you really need both ends of a pipe in one and the same process, you should use either of these two obtain two copies:
# either call #dup
copy = pipe.dup
# or call #split (this closes pipe)
read, write = pipe.split
The penalty for not doing this is exceptions, so there, I warned you.
When you create a process fork (Kernel.fork
) on the other hand,
things become really simple.  This would close
either end and render them useless:
chan = Cod.pipe
chan.put :smthng # raises <Errno::EPIPE: Broken pipe>
fork do
chan.get
end
Instead, create your pipes and only then fork all the processes you need to communicate with. They will see your pipes because they inherit memory and open IO streams from you; writing or reading from the pipes will still close the other end, but that will happen in separate processes. This is the advantage of share-nothing concurrency. Do this:
chan = Cod.pipe
fork do
chan.put :test
end
chan.get # => :test
Let’s assume we want to run a subprocess and have it produce a value for us. This is really a solved problem3, but let’s assume it isn’t. cod makes this easy:
def heavy_computation # nomen est omen
41 + 1
end
channel = Cod.pipe
fork do
channel.put heavy_computation()
end
channel.get # => 42
No need to stop the world just to get a simple answer; you fork a subprocess and read the answer from a cod channel.
A few things to note. cod is a friendly fellow, it communicates in Ruby values by default. This frequently comes in very handy indeed. If you happen to run into one of the infrequent cases where this bothers you, please skip ahead to the chapter on serialisation.
Also, cod will often block if you issue a #get
. This is really
a feature, not a bug. If you need to wait for new data to come in while doing
other work, please look at Cod.select
Have a look at this nifty trick:
channel = Cod.pipe
fork do
begin
fail "Meanwhile, back at the ranch:"
rescue => ex
channel.put ex
end
end
channel.get # => #<RuntimeError: Meanwhile, back at th...
One could even raise the error returned in the parent process, simulating a single process executing.
Want to distribute work to a few workers and gather their results? cod works for that as well. Here’s an example of N message producers, one consumer:
pipe = Cod.pipe
pids = 10.times.map {
fork {
pipe.put Process.pid } }
communicated_pids = 10.times.map { pipe.get }
pids.sort == communicated_pids.sort # => true
And here ’s an example of one producer, M consumers:
# A simple worker class
Worker = Struct.new(:n) do
def work_on(from, to)
loop do
work_item = from.get
to.put [n, work_item]
end
end
end
def Worker(n)
Worker.new(n)
end
work = Cod.pipe # for issuing work
result = Cod.pipe # for receiving results
# Set up ten worker processes
pids = 10.times.map do |i|
fork { Worker[i].work_on(work, result) }
end
# Distribute some work
10.times { |i| work.put (i+1) }
# Read back the results
10.times.map {
p result.get }
pids.each { |pid| Process.kill(:TERM, pid) }
Output will look like this:
[1, 1] [3, 2] [9, 3] [6, 4] [4, 5] [0, 6] [2, 7] [2, 8] [5, 9] [7, 10]
… in best case. Be warned, process scheduling is not as fine in granularity as thread scheduling is. The number of cores of the system you’re on and the operating system that you’re running this under will dramatically affect these results. Sometimes it is hard to get more than one processor to read from a single pipe.
1 $ man 2 pipe
2 Cod::ConnectionLost
in the YARD documentation.
3 Something that another library of mine could help you with: procrastinate by doing your work in child processes.
4 This has pitfalls. Have a look at the section titled “Signal handling might mess up library X” in the chapter on unix tricks.


MotoGP, Puig: "Lorenzo is a true gentleman with a big heart"
"His character impressed me. I'm sorry we didn't win together. Zarco and Alex Marquez are two of the names on the list to replace him."
by Matteo Aglio"Jorge Lorenzo is a great person with a big heart who behaved like a true gentleman," were Alberto Puig's words after Jorge announced his retirement, which he himself knew of only a few days ago. The team manager was the one who planned Lorenzo's arrival in Honda and, today, he bore witness to his farewell to racing.
"In my career as a manager, I was able to work with many great riders, and Jorge was a true gentleman. It's not often that you meet a champion with certain qualities ," he said. "He impressed me with his fairness and his way of behaving with people next to him. He made a courageous decision. I respect it, but I'm also sad. I'm sorry we weren't able to succeed with him."
Was stopping the best decision?
"I don't know. It's not up to me to say. All I know is that both he and Honda tried everything to improve. From my point-of-view, I hope this was the best decision for him. Unfortunately, we didn't meet during the best moment of his career."
Lorenzo said he disappointed you.
"That's not true, nor is it for Honda. I know the Japanese well, and when I can't help a rider achieve certain goals, they get frustrated. The fact that Jorge stopped is not a liberation. Things between us didn't work, and we have to accept it. If anything, I'm worried because we lost another champion."
Do you think he will be able to return to racing, perhaps after a sabbatical year?
"Those are personal choices. Surely, he'll have plenty of time to think about it. I don't know what to answer. The only thing I want is for him to be happy."
Who will take Lorenzo's place?
"Frankly, I can't answer that. We are logically thinking about the future, but we have not yet made a decision about it."
Not even for next week's tests?
"This is absolutely not a problem. The important thing is that Marquez is able to try the new bike, nothing else. Logically, it would be better if other riders did too, but Stefan Bradl will probably join us."
For 2020, two names are constantly mentioned: Zarco and Alex Marquez.
"They're both on the list, as are other riders, but I don't want to mention names now. We had little time to think, and we're not in a hurry."
Is a team with the two Marquez brothers possible?
"Alex is on the list not because of his last name but because of the results he got. Being the world champion in the Moto2 is an option."


My new favorite subreddit is r/boomershumor
by Mark FrauenfelderMy 16-year-old introduced me to r/boomershumor, a subreddit dedicated the the kinds of cartoons boomers enjoy sending as attachments in emails (usually address to dozens of people because they don't know about the bcc: field).


This dashboard and push notification system was designed and developed to accompany the mobile apps we have created for our clients.
Our main goals were to give them easy acess to install and usage data of both ios and android apps and allow smart push notifications to both platforms via one interface.


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Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM
Abstract
The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following new names and new combinations under
the procedure described previously [Int J Syst Bacteriol 27(3), iv (1977)]. Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should
send the pertinent reprint or a photocopy thereof to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It should be noted that the date
of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original
publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors'
names will be included in the author index of the present issue and in the volume author index. Inclusion of a name on these
lists validates the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list
is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may,
in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of
a new combination.⇓
References
- ↵
Albuquerque, L., Santos, J., Travassos, P., Nobre, M. F., Rainey, F. A., Wait, R., Empadinhas, N., Silva, M. T. & da Costa,
M. S. (2002). Albidovulum inexpectatum gen. nov., sp. nov., a nonphotosynthetic and slightly thermophilic bacterium from a marine hot spring that is very closely
related to members of the photosynthetic genus Rhodovulum. Appl Environ Microbiol 68, 4266–4273.
- ↵
Eder, W. & Huber, R. (2002). New isolates and physiological properties of the Aquificales and description of Thermocrinis albus sp. nov. Extremophiles 6, 309–318.
- ↵
Goris, J., Dejonghe, W., Falsen, E., De Clerck, E., Geeraerts, B., Willems, A., Top, E. M., Vandamme, P. & De Vos, P. (2002). Diversity of transconjugants that acquired plasmid pJP4 or pEMT1 after inoculation of a donor strain in the A- and B-horizon
of an agricultural soil and description of Burkholderia hospita sp. nov. and Burkholderia terricola sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 25, 340–352.
- ↵
Hall, V., Collins, M. D., Hutson, R., Falsen, E. & Duerden, B. I. (2002). Actinomyces cardiffensis sp. nov. from human clinical sources. J Clin Microbiol 40, 3427–3431.
- ↵
Otoguro, M., Hayakawa, M., Yamazaki, T., Tamura, T., Hatano, K. & Iimura, Y. (2001). Numerical phenetic and phylogenetic analyses of Actinokineospora isolates, with a description of Actinokineospora auranticolor sp. nov. and Actinokineospora enzanensis sp. nov. Actinomycetologica 15, 30–39.
- ↵
Place, R. B., Hiestand, D., Burri, S. & Teuber, M. (2002). Staphylococcus succinus subsp. casei subsp. nov., a dominant isolate from surface ripened cheese. Syst Appl Microbiol 25, 353–359.
- ↵
Stetter, K. O. (2001). Genus VII. Thermodiscus gen. nov. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria), pp. 189–190. Edited by D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity. New York: Springer.


Getting Started With TensorFlow
Table of Contents
This guide gets you started programming in TensorFlow. Before using this guide, install TensorFlow. To get the most out of this guide, you should know the following:
- How to program in Python
- At least a little bit about arrays
- Ideally, something about machine learning. However, if you know little or nothing about machine learning, then this is still the first guide you should read
TensorFlow provides multiple APIs. The lowest level API– TensorFlow Core – provides you with complete programming control. We recommend TensorFlow Core for machine learning researchers and others who require fine levels of control over their models. The higher level APIs are built on top of TensorFlow Core. These higher level APIs are typically easier to learn and use than TensorFlow Core. In addition, the higher level APIs make repetitive tasks easier and more consistent between different users. A high-level API like tf.estimator helps you manage data sets, estimators, training and inference
This guide begins with a tutorial on TensorFlow Core. Later, we demonstrate how to implement the same model in tf.estimator. Knowing TensorFlow Core principles will give you a great mental model of how things are working internally when you use the more compact higher level API
tensors
The central unit of data in TensorFlow is the tensor . A tensor consists of a set of primitive values shaped into an array of any number of dimensions. A tensor's rank is its number of dimensions. Here are some examples of tensors:
3 # a rank 0 tensor; a scalar with shape [] [1., 2., 3.] # a rank 1 tensor; a vector with shape [3] [[1., 2., 3.], [4., 5., 6.]] # a rank 2 tensor; a matrix with shape [2, 3] [[[1., 2., 3.]], [[7., 8., 9.]]] # a rank 3 tensor with shape [2, 1, 3]
tensorFlow core
import TensorFlow
The canonical import statement for TensorFlow programs is as follows:
import tensorflow as tf
This gives Python access to all of TensorFlow's classes, methods, and symbols. Most of the documentation assumes you have already done this
computational graph
You might think of TensorFlow Core programs as consisting of two discrete sections:
- Building the computational graph
- Running the computational graph
A computational graph is a series of TensorFlow operations arranged into a graph of nodes. Let's build a simple computational graph. Each node takes zero or more tensors as inputs and produces a tensor as an output. One type of node is a constant. Like all TensorFlow constants, it takes no inputs, and it outputs a value it stores internally. We can create two floating point Tensors node1 and node2 as follows:
node1 = tf.constant(3.0, dtype=tf.float32) node2 = tf.constant(4.0) # also tf.float32 implicitly print(node1, node2)
The final print statement produces
Tensor("Const:0", shape=(), dtype=float32) Tensor("Const_1:0", shape=(), dtype=float32)
Notice that printing the nodes does not output the values 3.0 and 4.0 as you might expect. Instead, they are nodes that, when evaluated, would produce 3.0 and 4.0, respectively. To actually evaluate the nodes, we must run the computational graph within a session . A session encapsulates the control and state of the TensorFlow runtime
The following code creates a Session object and then invokes its run method to run enough of the computational graph to evaluate node1 and node2 . By running the computational graph in a session as follows:
sess = tf.Session() print(sess.run([node1, node2]))
we see the expected values of 3.0 and 4.0:
[3.0, 4.0]
We can build more complicated computations by combining Tensor nodes with operations (Operations are also nodes). For example, we can add our two constant nodes and produce a new graph as follows:
from __future__ import print_function node3 = tf.add(node1, node2) print("node3:", node3) print("sess.run(node3):", sess.run(node3))
The last two print statements produce
node3: Tensor("Add:0", shape=(), dtype=float32) sess.run(node3): 7.0
TensorFlow provides a utility called TensorBoard that can display a picture of the computational graph. Here is a screenshot showing how TensorBoard visualizes the graph:
As it stands, this graph is not especially interesting because it always produces a constant result. A graph can be parameterized to accept external inputs, known as placeholders . A placeholder is a promise to provide a value later
a = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) b = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) adder_node = a + b # + provides a shortcut for tf.add(a, b)
The preceding three lines are a bit like a function or a lambda in which we define two input parameters (a and b) and then an operation on them. We can evaluate this graph with multiple inputs by using the feed_dict argument to the run method to feed concrete values to the placeholders:
print(sess.run(adder_node, {a: 3, b: 4.5})) print(sess.run(adder_node, {a: [1, 3], b: [2, 4]}))
resulting in the output
7.5 [ 3. 7.]
In TensorBoard, the graph looks like this:
We can make the computational graph more complex by adding another operation. For example,
add_and_triple = adder_node * 3. print(sess.run(add_and_triple, {a: 3, b: 4.5}))
produces the output
22.5
The preceding computational graph would look as follows in TensorBoard:
In machine learning we will typically want a model that can take arbitrary inputs, such as the one above. To make the model trainable, we need to be able to modify the graph to get new outputs with the same input. Variables allow us to add trainable parameters to a graph. They are constructed with a type and initial value:
W = tf.Variable([.3], dtype=tf.float32) b = tf.Variable([-.3], dtype=tf.float32) x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) linear_model = W*x + b
Constants are initialized when you call tf.constant , and their value can never change. By contrast, variables are not initialized when you call tf.Variable . To initialize all the variables in a TensorFlow program, you must explicitly call a special operation as follows:
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
sess.run(init)
It is important to realize init is a handle to the TensorFlow sub-graph that initializes all the global variables. Until we call sess.run , the variables are uninitialized
Since x is a placeholder, we can evaluate linear_model for several values of x simultaneously as follows:
print(sess.run(linear_model, {x: [1, 2, 3, 4]}))
to produce the output
[ 0. 0.30000001 0.60000002 0.90000004]
We've created a model, but we don't know how good it is yet. To evaluate the model on training data, we need a y placeholder to provide the desired values, and we need to write a loss function.
A loss function measures how far apart the current model is from the provided data. We'll use a standard loss model for linear regression, which sums the squares of the deltas between the current model and the provided data. linear_model - y creates a vector where each element is the corresponding example's error delta. We call tf.square to square that error. Then, we sum all the squared errors to create a single scalar that abstracts the error of all examples using tf.reduce_sum :
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) squared_deltas = tf.square(linear_model - y) loss = tf.reduce_sum(squared_deltas) print(sess.run(loss, {x: [1, 2, 3, 4], y: [0, -1, -2, -3]}))
producing the loss value
23.66
We could improve this manually by reassigning the values of W and b to the perfect values of -1 and 1. A variable is initialized to the value provided to tf.Variable but can be changed using operations like tf.assign . For example, W=-1 and b=1 are the optimal parameters for our model. We can change W and b accordingly:
fixW = tf.assign(W, [-1.]) fixb = tf.assign(b, [1.]) sess.run([fixW, fixb]) print(sess.run(loss, {x: [1, 2, 3, 4], y: [0, -1, -2, -3]}))
The final print shows the loss now is zero
0.0
We guessed the "perfect" values of W and b , but the whole point of machine learning is to find the correct model parameters automatically. We will show how to accomplish this in the next section
tf.train API
A complete discussion of machine learning is out of the scope of this tutorial. However, TensorFlow provides optimizers that slowly change each variable in order to minimize the loss function. The simplest optimizer is gradient descent. It modifies each variable according to the magnitude of the derivative of loss with respect to that variable. In general, computing symbolic derivatives manually is tedious and error-prone. Consequently, TensorFlow can automatically produce derivatives given only a description of the model using the function tf.gradients. For simplicity, optimizers typically do this for you. For example
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.01) train = optimizer.minimize(loss) sess.run(init) # reset values to incorrect defaults. for i in range(1000): sess.run(train, {x: [1, 2, 3, 4], y: [0, -1, -2, -3]}) print(sess.run([W, b]))
results in the final model parameters:
[array([-0.9999969], dtype=float32), array([ 0.99999082], dtype=float32)]
Now we have done actual machine learning! Although this simple linear regression model does not require much TensorFlow core code, more complicated models and methods to feed data into your models necessitate more code. Thus, TensorFlow provides higher level abstractions for common patterns, structures, and functionality. We will learn how to use some of these abstractions in the next section
linear regression
The completed trainable linear regression model is shown here:
import tensorflow as tf # Model parameters W = tf.Variable([.3], dtype=tf.float32) b = tf.Variable([-.3], dtype=tf.float32) # Model input and output x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) linear_model = W*x + b y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) # loss loss = tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(linear_model - y)) # sum of the squares # optimizer optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.01) train = optimizer.minimize(loss) # training data x_train = [1, 2, 3, 4] y_train = [0, -1, -2, -3] # training loop init = tf.global_variables_initializer() sess = tf.Session() sess.run(init) # reset values to wrong for i in range(1000): sess.run(train, {x: x_train, y: y_train}) # evaluate training accuracy curr_W, curr_b, curr_loss = sess.run([W, b, loss], {x: x_train, y: y_train}) print("W: %s b: %s loss: %s"%(curr_W, curr_b, curr_loss))
When run, it produces
W: [-0.9999969] b: [ 0.99999082] loss: 5.69997e-11
Notice that the loss is a very small number (very close to zero). If you run this program, your loss may not be exactly the same as the aforementioned loss because the model is initialized with pseudorandom values.
This more complicated program can still be visualized in TensorBoard:
tf.estimator
tf.estimator is a high-level TensorFlow library that simplifies the mechanics of machine learning, including the following:
- running training loops
- running evaluation loops
- managing data sets
tf.estimator defines many common models
basic usage
Notice how much simpler the linear regression program becomes with tf.estimator:
# NumPy is often used to load, manipulate and preprocess data. import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf # Declare list of features. We only have one numeric feature. There are many # other types of columns that are more complicated and useful. feature_columns = [tf.feature_column.numeric_column("x", shape=[1])] # An estimator is the front end to invoke training (fitting) and evaluation # (inference). There are many predefined types like linear regression, # linear classification, and many neural network classifiers and regressors. # The following code provides an estimator that does linear regression. estimator = tf.estimator.LinearRegressor(feature_columns=feature_columns) # TensorFlow provides many helper methods to read and set up data sets. # Here we use two data sets: one for training and one for evaluation # We have to tell the function how many batches # of data (num_epochs) we want and how big each batch should be. x_train = np.array([1., 2., 3., 4.]) y_train = np.array([0., -1., -2., -3.]) x_eval = np.array([2., 5., 8., 1.]) y_eval = np.array([-1.01, -4.1, -7, 0.]) input_fn = tf.estimator.inputs.numpy_input_fn( {"x": x_train}, y_train, batch_size=4, num_epochs=None, shuffle=True) train_input_fn = tf.estimator.inputs.numpy_input_fn( {"x": x_train}, y_train, batch_size=4, num_epochs=1000, shuffle=False) eval_input_fn = tf.estimator.inputs.numpy_input_fn( {"x": x_eval}, y_eval, batch_size=4, num_epochs=1000, shuffle=False) # We can invoke 1000 training steps by invoking the method and passing the # training data set. estimator.train(input_fn=input_fn, steps=1000) # Here we evaluate how well our model did. train_metrics = estimator.evaluate(input_fn=train_input_fn) eval_metrics = estimator.evaluate(input_fn=eval_input_fn) print("train metrics: %r"% train_metrics) print("eval metrics: %r"% eval_metrics)
When run, it produces something like:
train metrics: {'average_loss': 7.8779564e-08, 'loss': 3.1511826e-07, 'global_step': 1000} eval metrics: {'average_loss': 0.0025512243, 'loss': 0.010204897, 'global_step': 1000}
Notice how our eval data has a higher loss, but it is still close to zero. That means we are learning properly
custom model
tf.estimator does not lock you into its predefined models. Suppose we wanted to create a custom model that is not built into TensorFlow. We can still retain the high level abstraction of data set, feeding, training, etc. of tf.estimator. For illustration, we will show how to implement our own equivalent model to LinearRegressor using our knowledge of the lower level TensorFlow API
To define a custom model that works with tf.estimator, we need to use tf.estimator.Estimator . tf.estimator.LinearRegressor is actually a sub-class of tf.estimator.Estimator. Instead of sub-classing Estimator, we simply provide Estimator a function model_fn that tells tf.estimator how it can evaluate predictions, training steps, and loss. The code is as follows:
import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf # Declare list of features, we only have one real-valued feature def model_fn(features, labels, mode): # Build a linear model and predict values W = tf.get_variable("W", [1], dtype=tf.float64) b = tf.get_variable("b", [1], dtype=tf.float64) y = W*features['x'] + b # Loss sub-graph loss = tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(y - labels)) # Training sub-graph global_step = tf.train.get_global_step() optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.01) train = tf.group(optimizer.minimize(loss), tf.assign_add(global_step, 1)) # EstimatorSpec connects subgraphs we built to the # appropriate functionality. return tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec( mode=mode, predictions=y, loss=loss, train_op=train) estimator = tf.estimator.Estimator(model_fn=model_fn) # define our data sets x_train = np.array([1., 2., 3., 4.]) y_train = np.array([0., -1., -2., -3.]) x_eval = np.array([2., 5., 8., 1.]) y_eval = np.array([-1.01, -4.1, -7., 0.]) input_fn = tf.estimator.inputs.numpy_input_fn( {"x": x_train}, y_train, batch_size=4, num_epochs=None, shuffle=True) train_input_fn = tf.estimator.inputs.numpy_input_fn( {"x": x_train}, y_train, batch_size=4, num_epochs=1000, shuffle=False) eval_input_fn = tf.estimator.inputs.numpy_input_fn( {"x": x_eval}, y_eval, batch_size=4, num_epochs=1000, shuffle=False) # train estimator.train(input_fn=input_fn, steps=1000) # Here we evaluate how well our model did. train_metrics = estimator.evaluate(input_fn=train_input_fn) eval_metrics = estimator.evaluate(input_fn=eval_input_fn) print("train metrics: %r"% train_metrics) print("eval metrics: %r"% eval_metrics)
When run, it produces:
train metrics: {'average_loss': 7.8779564e-08, 'loss': 3.1511826e-07, 'global_step': 1000} eval metrics: {'average_loss': 0.0025512243, 'loss': 0.010204897, 'global_step': 1000}
Notice: how the contents of the custom model_fn() function are very similar to our manual model training loop from the lower level API