|
|
| code |
| |
|
| file_name |
| |
|
| client |
| |
|
| flow |
| |
|
| data_document |
| |
|
| root |
| |
|
| main_window |
| |
|
| fname |
| |
|
| f_name |
| |
|
| f_name_label |
| |
|
| lname |
| |
|
| l_name |
| |
|
| l_name_label |
| |
|
| character_name |
| |
|
| character_name_entry |
| |
|
| character_name_label |
| |
|
| birthdate_month |
| |
|
| birthdate_month_entry |
| |
|
| birthdate_day |
| |
|
| birthdate_day_entry |
| |
|
| birthdate_year |
| |
|
| birthdate_year_entry |
| |
|
| birthdate_label |
| |
|
| dropbox_frame |
| |
|
| line1 |
| |
|
| db_line1 |
| |
|
| line2 |
| |
|
| db_line2 |
| |
|
| line3 |
| |
|
| db_line3 |
| |
|
| auth_code |
| |
|
| submit_button |
| |
| def authenticate.db.__init__ |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
This runs the dropbox setup function when a db object is first initialized.
| def authenticate.db.dropbox_finish |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
code, |
|
|
|
firstname, |
|
|
|
lastname, |
|
|
|
username, |
|
|
|
birthday |
|
) |
| |
Call this function to finish the dropbox flow and create a dropbox client
(after the user pastes their authorization code in the login screen).
| def authenticate.db.dropbox_start |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
starts the dropbox process; control will be passed
to the login window if necessary
| def authenticate.db.finish_flow |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
This function is tied to our 'submit' button. it takes the value that the
user input and passes it to the dropbox_finish() function,
then it destroys the window when that's finished.
| def authenticate.db.login_window |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
This function contains all the tkinter code to create the login window
| def authenticate.db.sync_files |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
file_name = 'character.xml' |
|
) |
| |
Call this function and it will compare the local file
with the copy on the user's dropbox. it replaces the older file with the
contents of the newer.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


Volume
Stereo Width (doesn't do anything yet)
WARNING: Reverb kinda sounds like trash at the moment
Reverb Volume
Reverb Length
Reverb Decay
Apply


Parameters
Frames : Set frame rate (frames per second). Max value 10, default 5.
Start : Seek to given time position in seconds. "hh:mm:ss" syntax is also
supported. Default is from start
* 100 - begin from second 100
* 01:40 - begin from minute 1 and second 40
Duration : Restrict the captured video sequence to the duration specified in
seconds. "hh:mm:ss" syntax is also supported. Default is all duration
* 200 - take 200 seconds from start
* 03:20 - take 3 minutes and 20 seconds from start
Scale : Set width:height , if one parameter is -1 it will automatically determine the
other while preserving the aspect ratio. Default is 320:160: MAX 480
* 400:400 set width = 400 and height = 400
* 380:-1 set width = 380 and height automatically preserving the aspect ratio
* -1:320 set height = 320 and width automatically preserving the aspect ratio


Category:Tutorials
From Kx Wiki
Category for all articles written more as a tutorial or explanation than as a reference.
Pages in category "Tutorials"
The following 47 pages are in this category, out of 47 total.


Found 2 records.
Errata ID: 2622
Status: Verified
Type: Technical
Reported By: Alfred Hoenes
Date Reported: 2010-11-11
Verifier Name: Gonzalo Camarillo
Date Verified: 2013-04-03
Section <IP_ADDRESS> says:
If the DNS request to resolve the Configuration Service Domain name to a request URL does not receive any response, the UA should follow standard DNS retry procedures. If the DNS request to resolve the Configuration Service Domain name | to a host name returns a response that indicates that no matching | result is available (NXDOMAIN), the UA SHOULD attempt to obtain another Configuration Service Domain name using the procedures in Section 2.2, "Obtaining the Configuration Service Domain".
It should say:
If the DNS request to resolve the Configuration Service Domain name to a request URL does not receive any response, the UA should follow standard DNS retry procedures. If the DNS request to resolve the Configuration Service Domain name | to a request URL returns a response that indicates that the queried | domain does not exist (NXDomain), that no matching result is | available at that domain (NoError response with an empty NAPTR RRset | in the Answer section), or that a permanent error condition exists | (other non-zero RCODE value, e.g., ServFail), the UA SHOULD attempt to obtain another Configuration Service Domain name using the procedures in Section 2.2, "Obtaining the Configuration Service Domain".
Notes:
Rationale:
a) This section discusses the U-NAPTR usage; therefore, as in the first
paragraph, the second paragraph should not erroneously indicate
a "host name" return, it also should precisely indicate that it
talks about U-NAPTR lookup; hence s/host name/request URL/ .
b) It is an unfortunately widespread misconception that a DNS query
for a RR type that does not exists at a particular domain name
returns a NXDomain response. This is not the case. An empty RRset
is a valid response returned with RCODE=0 (NoError). Further, the
RFC text omits the important error cases that also need to be dealt
with by the SIP UA configuration procedure.
The replacement text tries to clarify the different situations
where no NAPTR record can be obtained.
c) Use the standard version spelling of DNS RCODE names as registered
in the "DNS RCODEs" sub-registry -- part of
http://www.IANA.ORG/assignments/dns-parameters.
Errata ID: 2623
Status: Verified
Type: Technical
Reported By: Alfred Hoenes
Date Reported: 2010-11-11
Verifier Name: Gonzalo Camarillo
Date Verified: 2013-04-03
Section 2.4.2 says:
[[ first bullet on page 14: ]] o If a DNS request to resolve the host name in the request URL returns a response that indicates that no matching result is | available (NXDOMAIN), the UA MUST remove that request URL from the list of alternatives for the Configuration Service Domain.
It should say:
o If a DNS request to resolve the host name in the request URL returns a response that indicates that no matching result is | available, the UA MUST remove that request URL from the list of alternatives for the Configuration Service Domain.
Notes:
Rationale:
See the related Errata Note for Section <IP_ADDRESS> (EID=2622) for
background and details. Dropping the parenthetical "NXDOMAIN"
here seems to be the most simple way to remove the misleading
allusion that "no matching data available" be equivalent to a
NXDomain response.


×
About
Resume
Portfolio
Skillset
Contact
Reflections
☰
Portfolio
Click the photos to open small programs and websites created by me.
Used JavaScript, CSS and HTML to create a mini game that used functions, event listeners and conditions.
Coded a webpage IDENTICAL to Google.com using HTML and CSS.
Created a mock ATM application using Python that allows the user to "deposit", "withdraw", "check balance" and more!


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load i18n static%} {% block content %}
{% blocktrans %}
If you are a person in need of help, you can
sign-up
to directly
create a help call in our system. After your call we will connect you with civil organizations.
Our main objective is to bring people and civil organizations together. We have started our journey to
inform society
about Civil Organizations and created this platform to become the bridge between people and civil
organizations.
{% endblocktrans %}
{% trans 'We will do everything to help you!' %}
{% blocktrans %}
You are able to create help calls on the system. Whilst creating it, you will provide us a brief
description of your situation, your contact information and the relevant category for your situation.
Categories are decided by our team considering our partnerships and our potential effect on that
category.
After help calls we will reach out to you and we will make sure you find help.
{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans %}
If you need help
sign-up
to find help!
{% endblocktrans %}


Class AV.User
A AV.User object is a local representation of a user persisted to the AV cloud. This class is a subclass of a AV.Object, and retains the same functionality of a AV.Object, but also extends it with various user specific methods, like authentication, signing up, and validation of uniqueness.
Defined in: av.js.
| Constructor Attributes | Constructor Name and Description |
|---|---|
|
AV.User()
|
| Method Attributes | Method Name and Description |
|---|---|
|
Checks whether this user is the current user and has been authenticated.
|
|
| <static> |
AV.User.become(sessionToken, options)
Logs in a user with a session token.
|
| <static> |
AV.User.current()
Retrieves the currently logged in AVUser with a valid session,
either from memory or localStorage, if necessary.
|
|
fetch(options)
|
|
|
follow(target, options)
Follow a user
|
|
|
Create a followee query to query the user's followees.
|
|
| <static> |
AV.User.followeeQuery(userObjectId)
Create a followee query for special user to query the user's followees.
|
|
Create a follower query to query the user's followers.
|
|
| <static> |
AV.User.followerQuery(userObjectId)
Create a follower query for special user to query the user's followers.
|
|
getEmail()
Returns get("email").
|
|
|
Returns get("mobilePhoneNumber").
|
|
|
Returns get("username").
|
|
|
Returns true if
current would return this user. |
|
| <static> |
AV.User.logIn(username, password, options)
Logs in a user with a username (or email) and password.
|
|
logIn(options)
Logs in a AV.User.
|
|
| <static> |
AV.User.logInWithMobilePhone(mobilePhone, password, options)
Logs in a user with a mobile phone number and password.
|
| <static> |
AV.User.logInWithMobilePhoneSmsCode(mobilePhone, smsCode, options)
Logs in a user with a mobile phone number and sms code sent by
AV.User.requestLoginSmsCode.On success, this
saves the session to disk, so you can retrieve the currently logged in
user using
current . |
| <static> |
AV.User.logOut()
Logs out the currently logged in user session.
|
| <static> |
AV.User.requestEmailVerfiy(email, options)
|
| <static> |
AV.User.requestEmailVerify(email, options)
Requests a verify email to be sent to the specified email address
associated with the user account.
|
| <static> |
AV.User.requestLoginSmsCode(mobilePhone, options)
Requests a logIn sms code to be sent to the specified mobile phone
number associated with the user account.
|
| <static> |
AV.User.requestMobilePhoneVerify(mobilePhone, options)
Requests a verify sms code to be sent to the specified mobile phone
number associated with the user account.
|
| <static> |
AV.User.requestPasswordReset(email, options)
Requests a password reset email to be sent to the specified email address
associated with the user account.
|
| <static> |
AV.User.requestPasswordResetBySmsCode(mobilePhone, options)
Requests a reset password sms code to be sent to the specified mobile phone
number associated with the user account.
|
| <static> |
AV.User.resetPasswordBySmsCode(code, password, options)
Makes a call to reset user's account password by sms code and new password.
|
|
save(arg1, arg2, arg3)
|
|
|
setEmail(email, options)
Calls set("email", email, options) and returns the result.
|
|
|
setMobilePhoneNumber(mobilePhoneNumber, options)
Calls set("mobilePhoneNumber", phoneNumber, options) and returns the result.
|
|
|
setPassword(password, options)
Calls set("password", password, options) and returns the result.
|
|
|
setUsername(username, options)
Calls set("username", username, options) and returns the result.
|
|
| <static> |
AV.User.signUp(username, password, attrs, options)
Signs up a new user with a username (or email) and password.
|
|
signUp(attrs, options)
Signs up a new user.
|
|
| <static> |
AV.User.signUpOrlogInWithMobilePhone(mobilePhoneNumber, smsCode, attributes, options)
Sign up or logs in a user with a mobilePhoneNumber and smsCode.
|
|
signUpOrlogInWithMobilePhone(attrs, options)
Signs up a new user with mobile phone and sms code.
|
|
|
unfollow(target, options)
Unfollow a user.
|
|
|
updatePassword(oldPassword,, newPassword,, An)
Update user's new password safely based on old password.
|
|
| <static> |
AV.User.verifyMobilePhone(code, options)
Makes a call to verify sms code that sent by AV.User.Cloud.requestSmsCode
If verify successfully,the user mobilePhoneVerified attribute will be true.
|
- Returns:
- (Boolean) whether this user is the current user and is logged in.
current
.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} sessionToken
- The sessionToken to log in with.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that is fulfilled with the user when the login completes.
- Returns:
- {AV.Object} The currently logged in AV.User.
- Parameters:
- options
- See:
- AV.Object#fetch
- Parameters:
- target
- The target user or user's objectId to follow.
- {Object} options
- An optional Backbone-like options object with success and error callbacks that will be invoked once the iteration has finished.
- Since:
- 0.3.0
- Since:
- 0.3.0
- Parameters:
- userObjectId
- {String} The user object id.
- Since:
- 0.3.0
- Since:
- 0.3.0
- Parameters:
- userObjectId
- {String} The user object id.
- Since:
- 0.3.0
- Returns:
- {String}
- See:
- AV.Object#get
- Returns:
- {String}
- See:
- AV.Object#get
- Returns:
- {String}
- See:
- AV.Object#get
current
would return this user.
- See:
- AV.User#current
current
.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} username
- The username (or email) to log in with.
- {String} password
- The password to log in with.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that is fulfilled with the user when the login completes.
- See:
- AV.User#logIn
current
.
A username and password must be set before calling logIn.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that is fulfilled with the user when the login is complete.
- See:
- AV.User.logIn
current
.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} mobilePhone
- The user's mobilePhoneNumber
- {String} password
- The password to log in with.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that is fulfilled with the user when the login completes.
- See:
- AV.User#logIn
current
.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} mobilePhone
- The user's mobilePhoneNumber
- {String} smsCode
- The sms code sent by AV.User.requestLoginSmsCode
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that is fulfilled with the user when the login completes.
- See:
- AV.User#logIn
current
will return null
.
- Parameters:
- options
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} email
- The email address associated with the user that doesn't verify their email address.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} mobilePhone
- The mobile phone number associated with the user that want to login by AV.User.logInWithMobilePhoneSmsCode
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} mobilePhone
- The mobile phone number associated with the user that doesn't verify their mobile phone number.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} email
- The email address associated with the user that forgot their password.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} mobilePhone
- The mobile phone number associated with the user that doesn't verify their mobile phone number.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Parameters:
- {String} code
- The sms code sent by AV.User.Cloud.requestSmsCode
- {String} password
- The new password.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that will be resolved with the result of the function.
- Parameters:
- arg1
- arg2
- arg3
- See:
- AV.Object#save
- Parameters:
- {String} email
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {Boolean}
- See:
- AV.Object.set
- Parameters:
- {String} mobilePhoneNumber
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {Boolean}
- See:
- AV.Object.set
- Parameters:
- {String} password
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {Boolean}
- See:
- AV.Object.set
- Parameters:
- {String} username
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {Boolean}
- See:
- AV.Object.set
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} username
- The username (or email) to sign up with.
- {String} password
- The password to sign up with.
- {Object} attrs
- Extra fields to set on the new user.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that is fulfilled with the user when the signup completes.
- See:
- AV.User#signUp
current
.
A username and password must be set before calling signUp.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {Object} attrs
- Extra fields to set on the new user, or null.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that is fulfilled when the signup finishes.
- See:
- AV.User.signUp
current
.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {String} mobilePhoneNumber
- The user's mobilePhoneNumber.
- {String} smsCode
- The sms code sent by AV.Cloud.requestSmsCode
- {Object} attributes
- The user's other attributes such as username etc.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that is fulfilled with the user when the login completes.
current
.
A username and password must be set before calling signUp.
Calls options.success or options.error on completion.
- Parameters:
- {Object} attrs
- Extra fields to set on the new user, or null.
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object.
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that is fulfilled when the signup finishes.
- Parameters:
- target
- The target user or user's objectId to unfollow.
- options
- {Object} An optional Backbone-like options object with success and error callbacks that will be invoked once the iteration has finished.
- Since:
- 0.3.0
- Parameters:
- {String} oldPassword,
- the old password.
- {String} newPassword,
- the new password.
- {Object} An
- optional Backbone-like options object with success and error callbacks that will be invoked once the iteration has finished.
- Parameters:
- {String} code
- The sms code sent by AV.User.Cloud.requestSmsCode
- {Object} options
- A Backbone-style options object
- Returns:
- {AV.Promise} A promise that will be resolved with the result of the function.


Doge Social network
Home
Profile
Friends
Friends of Doge
Such Friend
best friend
Many Friends
unknown
Wow
yeah, right


| 005:072 Khan | : |
Surely, they have disbelieved who say: "Allah is the Messiah ['Iesa (Jesus)], son of Maryam (Mary)." But the Messiah ['Iesa (Jesus)] said: "O Children of Israel! Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Verily, whosoever sets up partners in worship with Allah, then Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and the Fire will be his abode. And for the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers) there are no helpers. |
| 005:072 Maulana | : |
Certainly they disbelieve who say: Allah, He is the Messiah, son of Mary. And the Messiah said: O Children of Israel, serve Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Surely whoever associates (others) within Allah, Allah has forbidden to him the Garden and his abode is the Fire. And for the wrongdoers there will be no helpers. |
| 005:072 Pickthal | : |
They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary. The Messiah (himself) said: O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Lo! whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah, for him Allah hath forbidden paradise. His abode is the Fire. For evil-doers there will be no helpers. |
| 005:072 Rashad | : |
Pagans indeed are those who say that GOD is the Messiah, son of Mary. The Messiah himself said, "O Children of Israel, you shall worship GOD; my Lord and your Lord."  The wicked have no helpers. |
| 005:072 Sarwar | : |
Those who say that Jesus, the son of Mary, is God, have, in fact, turned to disbelief. Jesus said to the Israelites, "Worship God, my Lord and yours.  The unjust people have no helpers." |
| 005:072 Shakir | : |
Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah, He is the Messiah, son of Marium; and the Messiah said: O Children of Israel! serve Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Surely whoever associates (others) with Allah, then Allah has forbidden to him the garden, and his abode is the fire; and there shall be no helpers for the unjust. |
| 005:072 Sherali | : |
Indeed, they are disbelievers who say, 'ALLAH, HE is the Messiah, son of Mary,' whereas the Messiah himself said, 'O Children of Israel, worship ALLAH Who is my Lord and your Lord.' Surely, whoso associates partners with ALLAH, him has ALLAH forbidden Heaven, and the Fire will be his resort. And the wrongdoers shall have no helpers. |
| 005:072 Yusufali | : |
They do blaspheme who say: "Allah is Christ the son of Mary." But said Christ: "O Children of Israel! worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Whoever joins other gods with Allah,- Allah will forbid him the garden, and the Fire will be his abode. There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > ربوبيته جلّ وعلا Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> His Divinity, the Great and Almighty أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > وحدانيته Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> Singularity and Being Unique الإيمان > الغيب > النار > أصحاب النار Faith> The Unseen World> Hell-Fire>Hell Fellows الديانات > النصارى > التثليث Religions>The Christians>The Trinity
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


As an engineer / Over 10 Years (产品 , 设计 , 开发 , 运营)
As a leader / Amazing (沟通力 , 领导力 , 影响力 , 执行力)
Axsure
React
Angular
Vue
Parallax, Responsive, Flat, Metro, Material
Boilerplate , Bootstrap , Foundation
Repeat (目标 , 功能 ,设计 )
代码
测试
案例
This is the Best guy I have ever seen. I wanted to thank you all your hard work. I am really looking forward to sphere project!
You have top notch customer service . Such a great with unparalleled support. Can’t thank you enough for all the support.
First, love mike! Best guy I have worked with by far.. I wanted to thank you all your hard work.


|
Will the Real Judge Stand-Up:
Virtual Integration on TV Reality Court Shows
by Taunya Lovell Banks
Reality court shows have been around since the mid 1980s when
Judge Joseph A. Wapner, a retired member of the Los Angeles County
bench, handled small claims cases, on The People's Court.
Although not a ratings smash, The People's Court was successful
enough, and in a classic example fiction merging with legal reality,
Judge "Wapner became America's most famous jurist better
known, said the polls, than United States Supreme Court Chief
Justice William H. Rehnquist." Almost twenty years later,
television reality court shows have replaced soap operas as the
top daytime viewing genre.
On shows like The
People's Court the "judge" is the center of attention
due in part to the absence of lawyers. While the absence of lawyers
is not unusual in pro se courts, Divorce Court suggests pro se
representation also is the norm in family court. Thus, viewers
like Anthony Widgeon mistakenly think they know how the family
court system works from watching Judge Judy and Judge
Joe Brown, the two most popular daytime court reality television
programs on commercial television. Instead, when Mr. Widgeon
appeared in circuit court on a domestic matter without legal
representation, he quickly ended up in jail. He mistakenly thought
he could delay his case by making a motion for a continuance.
Real court, however, is not like
Judge Judy. Daytime reality television court shows are
real fake courts involving minor, even petty matters. Ads for
some shows tout them as offering the viewers real judges, real
disputes and real justice. What the promotions for these shows
do not clearly disclose is that what we are seeing is a distorted
form of arbitration portrayed as a real trial. In truth, television
syndicators hire the "judges" most, but not all, of
whom are former real-life judges, seeks out and pays litigants
to present their case before television cameras in courtroom
settings constructed by producers.
Despite their entertainment value, the impact of reality court
shows on viewer's perceptions of the legal system cannot be over
estimated. Two social scientists writing in 1988 about litigant's
expectations of the civil justice systems were struck by litigants'
repeated references in small claims court to The People's
Court. They wrote "we now suspect that the television
program is a significant factor in many litigants' decisions
to go to small claims courts and an important influence on the
way they prepare their
cases." These studies fail to address whether contemporary
reality court shows' educational function is overshadowed by
what some argue is a gross distortion of the judicial system,
an important American institution. Also unclear is whether these
court shows reflect reality, or create a false realty so powerful
that it overshadows conventional public perceptions about the
actual civil court system in America.
For more than forty years, television has been a window to our
world, shaping our image of local and world events. Today approximately
100 million American homes have television sets. In 1995 it was
estimated that collectively, Americans watch over 120 billion
hours of television each year. Television is a primary news source
for most Americans, and "an almost constant companion of
many." Studies of television viewing audiences find that
women, especially women over 50, watch more television than men;
blacks watch more television than whites; and less educated and
less affluent Americans watch more television than more educated
and more affluent Americans.
Given the pervasiveness of television, its power to affect and
define how the viewing audience perceives the legitimacy of public
and private institutions of power is great. The resulting public
perceptions about institutions like the court may affect whether
the institutional failings are corrected. One clear distortion
of the American judicial system present in the TV reality court
shows is the representation of judges.
During the 2000-2001 television season there were nine reality
court shows in syndication, The People's Court, Judge Judy,
Judge Joe Brown, Divorce Court, Judge Hatchett, Judge Greg Mathis,
Curtis Court, Judge Mills Lane, and Moral Court.
Six of the nine judges were male, two were white, and four were
black.  When the 2001-2002 television season began, there were
eight daytime court shows, and none of the judges were white
males. In January 2002 Larry Joe Doherty, a white male, aired
on a new show entitled Texas Justice. When the 2002-2003 season
began seven shows remained with three male and four female judges.
The fourth woman was Judge Marilyn Milian, a Cuban American,
who took over The People's Court. Of the seven current
television judges, only Judge Doherty is white and male.
In real life, however, most judges are white and male. Only 3.3%
of all judges in the United States are black, and the percentages
are even lower for Latinas/os and Asian Americans. Women comprise
only 7% are of all federal judges and 9% of all state judges.
The percentage of black women judges is even lower than the percentages
for blacks and women generally. Thus, it is surprising that two
black women, one Cuban American woman, one white woman, two black
men and only one white man preside over the seven reality court
television shows that air daily in most major cities.
Perhaps the overrepresentation of women, blacks and black males
on TV reality court shows simply reflects network attempts to
reach targeted viewing audiences. Yet this over representation
is not only a distortion of actual judicial demographics in the
United States, it also is a distortion of demographic make-up
of the television population generally. A recent survey of the
small screen by Children Now found that only 17% of the prime
time television population is black; 75% of the prime time television
population is white. Women account for only a third of prime
time television characters.
The Children Now study concedes that increasingly women are portrayed
on television as professionals like lawyers and doctors, and
whites and blacks "appear with about equal frequency as
physicians, attorneys and in service/retail/restaurants jobs."
Thus, television creates the impression that women and non-whites,
primarily black male lawyers, are well represented in the legal
community.
Whatever the reasons, the over representation of women and non-white
judges on reality court shows, coupled with the perceived over
representation of black judges on television in general, is problematic
in the highly racialized society in which we live. The over representation
of women and black male judges on television not only sends an
erroneous message about the extent of their representation in
the judiciary, but may actually undermine popular support for
increased racial and gender diversity on the bench by suggesting
that our nation's benches are already diverse, or that blacks
and/or women have taken over the courts.
Arguably, the overrepresentation of women and black men on daytime
reality court shows creates a "'synthetic experience,' a
substitute for reality that feels real." Leonard Steinhorn
and Barbara Diggs-Brown argue in their book, BY THE COLOR OF
OUR SKIN: THE ILLUSION OF INTEGRATION AND THE REALITY OF RACE,
that "the average white American family. . . . see[s] more
blacks beamed into their living room on a typical evening than
they have seen at any other time or place during the day. . .
. creating the impression that the world is more integrated than
it truly is." They call this phenomenon virtual integration.
Thus, it is conceivable that the composition of daytime reality
court shows misleads viewers about the racial and gender composition
of real judges.
On television the court room is integrated. On the shows the
race of the bailiff is always different from the race of the
judge. Also male judges tend to have female bailiffs and female
judges tend to have male bailiffs. Since all the shows share
this feature, clearly race and gender are factors considered
by snydicators. Perhaps syndicators realize that integrated courtrooms
with women and black judges appeal to television audiences. The
presence of women and non-white judges in integrated settings
reassure viewers that justice in the United States is meted out
impartially. While there are positive aspects to this portrayal
of the courts, there are negative aspects as well.
One political scientist speculates that white's misperceptions
about blacks' standing in American society make be the result
of the success of some blacks. "As the black middle class
swells, more whites see blacks who have the same skills, earn
the same money, and live in the same kinds of neighborhoods,"
and the increased sense of competition these observations engender
in white Americans. It is no surprise that whites with the greatest
misperceptions about the socio-economic status of blacks are
less educated and affluent. Since less affluent and educated
viewers are some of the same people who watch more daytime television,
the possibility of the distorted information about the gender
and racial composition of the judiciary is increased.
When virtual integration actually occurs, it easy for this group
of whites viewers to doubt claims of the under representation
of women and non-whites in the judiciary and the need for American
society to make meaningful steps to address this problem.  Given these concerns, reality
television court shows bear closer examination.
Overall, the women judges, especially Judge Judy, the prototype
for the new daytime reality court shows, come off as shrill.
Judge Mablean Ephraim is an especially discomforting television
image with her harsh sermons, mammy-like physique and gestures.
Glenda Hatchett, initially more reserved during her first season,
has become increasingly shrill as her show lags behind Judge
Judy, Judge Joe Brown and Divorce Court in the ratings.
A brief comparison of The People's Court and Judge
Judy with Divorce Court and Judge Hatchett
suggests that the two black women judges, in varying degrees
go beyond the legal framework of the law to help litigants resolve
their problems. The willingness of judges to openly go beyond
the law can be seen by the viewing audience as either a positive
or negative attribute. Viewers who do not have much faith in
the American judicial system might feel more positively about
using the system to resolve grievances.
On the other hand, other viewers may conclude, especially when
comparing Divorce Court and Judge Hatchett with
The People's Court and Judge Judy, that black women
judges, like the black jurors in the O.J. Simpson case, routinely
nullify or disregard the law. As a result, these viewers may
be less inclined to support the election or appointment of black
women judges in real life. It is simply too early to know whether
this suspicion is true or false, but the impact of these two
shows on viewer perceptions about the courts and judges bears
watching.
Even if one concludes that the over representation of women and
non-white male judges on reality court shows distorts the civil
justice system, there is no clear linkage between over representation
on television, and under representation in real court rooms across
the nation. The long-term impact, if any, is something to be
monitored. Nevertheless, one should not under estimate the power
of virtual integration in shaping public perceptions.
Posted January 16, 2003
|


This is the first paragraph of text. This is the first paragraph of text. Really, the first paragraph of this very long text.
This is second paragraph of text. This is second paragraph of text. Yes, this is the second paragraph of this very long text.


Visualisation alone is not enough to solve most data analysis challenges. The data may be too big or too messy to show in a single plot. In this talk, I'll outline my current thinking about how the synthesis of visualisation, modelling, and data manipulation allows you to effectively explore and understand large and complex datasets. This work is embedded in R so I'll not only talk about the ideas, but show concrete code for working with large sets of model. You'll see how you can combine the dplyr and purrr packages to fit many models, then use tidyr and broom to convert to tidy datas which can be visualised with ggplot2.


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The mind behind Linux
2016-04-10
The mind behind Linux
The mind behind Linux：
00:12 Chris Anderson: This is such a strange thing. Your software, Linux, is in millions of computers, it probably powers much of the Internet. And I think that there are, like, a billion and a half active Android devices out there. Your software is in every single one of them. It's kind of amazing. You must have some amazing software headquarters driving all this. That's what I thought -- and I was shocked when I saw a picture of it. I mean, this is -- this is the Linux world headquarters.
00:42 (Laughter)
00:44 (Applause)
00:48 Linus Torvalds: It really doesn't look like much. And I have to say, the most interesting part in this picture, that people mostly react to, is the walking desk. It is the most interesting part in my office and I'm not actually using it anymore. And I think the two things are related.
01:08 The way I work is ... I want to not have external stimulation. You can kind of see, on the walls are this light green. I'm told that at mental institutions they use that on the walls.
01:26 (Laughter)
01:28 It's like a calming color, it's not something that really stimulates you.
01:34 What you can't see is the computer here, you only see the screen, but the main thing I worry about in my computer is -- it doesn't have to be big and powerful, although I like that -- it really has to be completely silent. I know people who work for Google and they have their own small data center at home, and I don't do that.  And I sit there alone in the quiet. If the cat comes up, it sits in my lap. And I want to hear the cat purring, not the sound of the fans in the computer.
02:12 CA: So this is astonishing, because working this way, you're able to run this vast technology empire -- it is an empire -- so that's an amazing testament to the power of open source.
02:24 Tell us how you got to understand open source and how it lead to the development of Linux.
02:32 LT: I mean, I still work alone. Really -- I work alone in my house, often in my bathrobe. When a photographer shows up, I dress up, so I have clothes on.
02:42 (Laughter)
02:44
And that's how I've always worked. I mean, this was how I started Linux, too. I did not start Linux as a collaborative project. I started it as one in a series of many projects I had done at the time for myself, partly because I needed the end result, but even more because I just enjoyed programming. So it was about the end of the journey, which, 25 years later, we still have not reached. But it was really about the fact that I was looking for a project on my own and there was no open source, really, on my radar at all.
03:20
And what happened is ... the project grows and becomes something you want to show off to people. Really, this is more of a, "Wow, look at what I did!" And trust me -- it was not that great back then. I made it publicly available, and it wasn't even open source at that point. At that point it was source that was open, but there was no intention behind using the kind of open-source methodology that we think of today to improve it. It was more like, "Look, I've been working on this for half a year, I'd love to have comments."
03:59
And other people approached me. At the University of Helsinki, I had a friend who was one of the open source -- it was called mainly "free software" back then -- and he actually introduced me to the notion that, hey, you can use these open-source licenses that had been around. And I thought about it for a while. I was actually worried about the whole commercial interests coming in. I mean, that's one of the worries I think most people who start out have, is that they worry about somebody taking advantage of their work, right? And I decided, "What the hell?" And --
04:43
CA: And then at some point, someone contributed some code that you thought, "Wow, that really is interesting, I would not have thought of that. This could actually improve this."
04:52
LT: It didn't even start by people contributing code, it was more that people started contributing ideas. And just the fact that somebody else takes a look at your project -- and I'm sure it's true of other things, too, but it's definitely true in code -- is that somebody else takes an interest in your code, looks at it enough to actually give you feedback and give you ideas. That was a huge thing for me.
05:16
I was 21 at the time, so I was young, but I had already programmed for half my life, basically. And every project before that had been completely personal and it was a revelation when people just started commenting, started giving feedback on your code. And even before they started giving code back, that was, I think, one of the big moments where I said, "I love other people!" Don't get me wrong -- I'm actually not a people person.
05:45
(Laughter)
05:48
I don't really love other people --
05:51
(Laughter)
05:52
But I love computers, I love interacting with other people on email, because it kind of gives you that buffer. But I do love other people who comment and get involved in my project. And it made it so much more.
06:08
CA: So was there a moment when you saw what was being built and it suddenly started taking off, and you thought, "Wait a sec, this actually could be something huge, not just a personal project that I'm getting nice feedback on, but a kind of explosive development in the whole technology world"?
06:24
LT: Not really. I mean, the big point for me, really, was not when it was becoming huge, it was when it was becoming little. The big point for me was not being alone and having 10, maybe 100 people being involved -- that was a big point. Then everything else was very gradual. Going from 100 people to a million people is not a big deal -- to me. Well, I mean, maybe it is if you're --
06:50
(Laughter)
06:51
If you want to sell your result then it's a huge deal -- don't get me wrong. But if you're interested in the technology and you're interested in the project, the big part was getting the community. Then the community grew gradually. And there's actually not a single point where I went like, "Wow, that just took off!" because it -- I mean -- it took a long time, relatively.
07:12
CA: So all the technologists that I talk to really credit you with massively changing their work. And it's not just Linux, it's this thing called Git, which is this management system for software development. Tell us briefly about that and your role in that.
07:29
LT: So one of the issues we had, and this took a while to start to appear, is when you ... When you grow from having 10 people or 100 people working on a project to having 10,000 people, which -- I mean, right now we're in the situation where just on the kernel, we have 1,000 people involved in every single release and that's every two months, roughly two or three months. Some of those people don't do a lot. There's a lot of people who make small, small changes.
08:00
But to maintain this, the scale changes how you have to maintain it. And we went through a lot of pain. And there are whole projects that do only source-code maintenance. CVS is the one that used to be the most commonly used, and I hated CVS with a passion and refused to touch it and tried something else that was radical and interesting and everybody else hated.
08:30
CA: (Laughs)
08:31
LT: And we were in this bad spot, where we had thousands of people who wanted to participate, but in many ways, I was the kind of break point, where I could not scale to the point where I could work with thousands of people.
08:46
So Git is my second big project, which was only created for me to maintain my first big project. And this is literally how I work. I don't code for -- well, I do code for fun -- but I want to code for something meaningful so every single project I've ever done has been something I needed and --
09:08
CA: So really, both Linux and Git kind of arose almost as an unintended consequence of your desire not to have to work with too many people.
09:17
LT: Absolutely. Yes.
09:18
(Laughter)
09:19
CA: That's amazing. LT: Yeah.
09:21
(Applause)
09:22
And yet, you're the man who's transformed technology not just once but twice, and we have to try and understand why it is. You've given us some clues, but ...   What were you like as a kid?
09:51
LT: Yeah, I think I was the prototypical nerd. I mean, I was ... I was not a people person back then. That's my younger brother. I was clearly more interested in the Rubik's Cube than my younger brother.
10:05
(Laughter)
10:06
My younger sister, who's not in the picture, when we had family meetings -- and it's not a huge family, but I have, like, a couple of cousins -- she would prep me beforehand. Like, before I stepped into the room she would say, "OK. That's so-and-so ..." Because I was not -- I was a geek. I was into computers, I was into math, I was into physics. I was good at that. I don't think I was particularly exceptional. Apparently, my sister said that my biggest exceptional quality was that I would not let go.
10:46
CA: OK, so let's go there, because that's interesting. You would not let go. So that's not about being a geek and being smart, that's about being ... stubborn?
10:56
LT: That's about being stubborn. That's about, like, just starting something and not saying, "OK, I'm done, let's do something else -- Look: shiny!"
11:09
And I notice that in many other parts in my life, too. I lived in Silicon Valley for seven years. And I worked for the same company, in Silicon Valley, for the whole time. That is unheard of. That's not how Silicon Valley works. The whole point of Silicon Valley is that people jump between jobs to kind of mix up the pot. And that's not the kind of person I am.
11:36
CA: But during the actual development of Linux itself, that stubbornness sometimes brought you in conflict with other people. Talk about that a bit. Was that essential to sort of maintain the quality of what was being built? How would you describe what happened?
11:53
LT: I don't know if it's essential. Going back to the "I'm not a people person," -- sometimes I'm also ... shall we say, "myopic" when it comes to other people's feelings, and that sometimes makes you say things that hurt other people. And I'm not proud of that.
12:17
(Applause)
12:18
But, at the same time, it's -- I get people who tell me that I should be nice. And then when I try to explain to them that maybe you're nice, maybe you should be more aggressive, they see that as me being not nice.
12:37
(Laughter)
12:39
What I'm trying to say is we are different. I'm not a people person; it's not something I'm particularly proud of, but it's part of me. And one of the things I really like about open source is it really allows different people to work together. We don't have to like each other -- and sometimes we really don't like each other. Really -- I mean, there are very, very heated arguments. But you can, actually, you can find things that -- you don't even agree to disagree, it's just that you're interested in really different things.
13:12
And coming back to the point where I said earlier that I was afraid of commercial people taking advantage of your work, it turned out, and very quickly turned out, that those commercial people were lovely, lovely people. And they did all the things that I was not at all interested in doing, and they had completely different goals. And they used open source in ways that I just did not want to go. But because it was open source they could do it, and it actually works really beautifully together.
13:41
And I actually think it works the same way. You need to have the people-people, the communicators, the warm and friendly people who like --
13:49
(Laughter)
13:51
really want to hug you and get you into the community. But that's not everybody. And that's not me. I care about the technology. There are people who care about the UI.  I mean, if I was stranded on an island and the only way to get off that island was the make a pretty UI, I'd die there.
14:11
(Laughter)
14:12
So there's different kinds of people, and I'm not making excuses, I'm trying to explain.
14:17
CA: Now, when we talked last week, you talked about some other trait that you have, which I found really interesting. It's this idea called taste.
14:24
And I've just got a couple of images here. I think this is an example of not particularly good taste in code, and this one is better taste, which one can immediately see.  And it's taught -- This, the first not very good taste approach, is basically how it's taught to be done when you start out coding. And you don't have to understand the code.
15:03
The most interesting part to me is the last if statement. Because what happens in a singly-linked list -- this is trying to remove an existing entry from a list -- and there's a difference between if it's the first entry or whether it's an entry in the middle. Because if it's the first entry, you have to change the pointer to the first entry. If it's in the middle, you have to change the pointer of a previous entry. So they're two completely different cases.
15:32
CA: And that's better.
15:33
LT: And this is better. It does not have the if statement. And it doesn't really matter -- I don't want you understand why it doesn't have the if statement, but I want you to understand that sometimes you can see a problem in a different way and rewrite it so that a special case goes away and becomes the normal case. And that's good code. But this is simple code. This is CS 101. This is not important -- although, details are important.
16:00
To me, the sign of people I really want to work with is that they have good taste, which is how ...  Good taste is much bigger than this. Good taste is about really seeing the big patterns and kind of instinctively knowing what's the right way to do things.
16:23
CA: OK, so we're putting the pieces together here now. You have taste, in a way that's meaningful to software people.  But there must be something else. I mean, you've changed the future. You must have the ability of these grand visions of the future. You're a visionary, right?
16:52
LT: I've actually felt slightly uncomfortable at TED for the last two days, because there's a lot of vision going on, right? And I am not a visionary. I do not have a five-year plan. I'm an engineer. And I think it's really -- I mean -- I'm perfectly happy with all the people who are walking around and just staring at the clouds and looking at the stars and saying, "I want to go there." But I'm looking at the ground, and I want to fix the pothole that's right in front of me before I fall in. This is the kind of person I am.
17:21
(Cheers)
17:22
(Applause)
17:24
CA: So you spoke to me last week about these two guys. Who are they and how do you relate to them?
17:31
LT: Well, so this is kind of cliché in technology, the whole Tesla versus Edison, where Tesla is seen as the visionary scientist and crazy idea man. And people love Tesla. I mean, there are people who name their companies after him.
17:47
(Laughter)
17:50
The other person there is Edison, who is actually often vilified for being kind of pedestrian and is -- I mean, his most famous quote is, "Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration." And I'm in the Edison camp, even if people don't always like him.  Edison may not have been a nice person, he did a lot of things -- he was maybe not so intellectual, not so visionary. But I think I'm more of an Edison than a Tesla.
18:36
CA: So our theme at TED this week is dreams -- big, bold, audacious dreams. You're really the antidote to that.
18:42
LT: I'm trying to dial it down a bit, yes.
18:44
CA: That's good.
18:45
(Laughter) We embrace you, we embrace you.
18:50
Companies like Google and many others have made, arguably, like, billions of dollars out of your software.   And one of them is, I'm doing fine. I'm really doing fine.
19:03
But the other reason is -- I mean, without doing the whole open source and really letting go thing, Linux would never have been what it is. And it's brought experiences I don't really enjoy, public talking, but at the same time, this is an experience. Trust me. So there's a lot of things going on that make me a very happy man and thinking I did the right choices.
19:29
CA: Is the open source idea -- this is, I think we'll end here -- is the open source idea fully realized now in the world, or is there more that it could go, are there more things that it could do?
19:43
LT: So, I'm of two minds there. I think one reason open source works so well in code is that at the end of the day, code tends to be somewhat black and white. There's often a fairly good way to decide, this is done correctly and this is not done well. Code either works or it doesn't, which means that there's less room for arguments. And we have arguments despite this, right? In many other areas -- I mean, people have talked about open politics and things like that -- and it's really hard sometimes to say that, yes, you can apply the same principles in some other areas just because the black and white turns into not just gray, but different colors.
20:35
So, obviously open source in science is making a comeback. Science was there first. But then science ended up being pretty closed, with very expensive journals and some of that going on. And open source is making a comeback in science, with things like arXiv and open journals. Wikipedia changed the world, too. So there are other examples, I'm sure there are more to come.
21:04
CA: But you're not a visionary, and so it's not up to you to name them.
21:08
LT: No.
21:09
(Laughter)
21:10
It's up to you guys to make them, right?
21:12
CA: Exactly.
21:13
Linus Torvalds, thank you for Linux, thank you for the Internet, thank you for all those Android phones.
21:19
Thank you for coming here to TED and revealing so much of yourself.
21:22
LT: Thank you.
21:23
(Applause)
Category: interview Tagged: interview


I am currently employed as a Service Provider for the development of the Android apps at a great company called Nomanini, which means "anytime" in Siswati.
Nomanini provides affordable access to payments for everyone, everywhere. They do this by working with banks to optimise transactions in the informal retail sector. Nomanini's main focus is on making financial transactions geared towards the informal merchant market as quick, easy and pleasant as possible to the merchant and the client.
Nomanini has won several prestigious awards during the years (see images below for a few of them).


Serve
“… just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom to many.” Matthew 20:28
It is our belief that to take on the mindset of Christ we must go and serve others. At Bolingbrook Church we want to make it easy and meaningful for you to find an opportunity to serve in our church, in our community, and in our world.


What is the Tech Radar?
The Tech Radar is a list of technologies, complemented by an assessment result, called ring assignment. We use four rings with the following semantics:
- ADOPT — Technologies we have high confidence in to serve our purpose, also in large scale. Technologies with a usage culture in our Zalando production environment, low risk and recommended to be widely used.
- TRIAL — Technologies that we have seen work with success in project work to solve a real problem; first serious usage experience that confirm benefits and can uncover limitations. TRIAL technologies are slightly more risky; some engineers in our organization walked this path and will share knowledge and experiences.
- ASSESS — Technologies that are promising and have clear potential value-add for us; technologies worth to invest some research and prototyping efforts in to see if it has impact. ASSESS technologies have higher risks; they are often brand new and highly unproven in our organisation. You will find some engineers that have knowledge in the technology and promote it, you may even find teams that have started a prototyping effort.
- HOLD — Technologies not recommended to be used for new projects. Technologies that we think are not (yet) worth to (further) invest in. HOLD technologies should not be used for new projects, but usually can be continued for existing projects.
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Data Engineer / Python Software Engineer
Please note in the "ADDITIONAL INFORMATION" field that you are coming from the tech radar page
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User Management System
Add User
id
First name
Last name
Payment
Option
<#list users as user>
${user.getId()}
${user.getFirstName()}
${user.getLastName()}
${user.getPayment()}
#list>


Main settings
Notifications
E-mail address
Password
E-Mail
Telegram
Pushover
notifications type
telegram instance
telegram receiver
pushover instance
device ID (optional)
email receiver
email sender
email instance


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Weight Out
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Weight:
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Date:
03-02-2016
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Written by Bryce Cronkite-Ratcliff Julia Lee, TY Huang and Chris Piech.
Handouts: Graphics Reference, ArrayList Reference, Karel Reference
Sandcastles may be short-lived, but they're fun and beautiful, just like this collection of small problems. Complete these problems individually.
Karel loves stairs! Make a diagonal line of blue corners across the world. You may assume the world is square.
Print out the number sequence 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25... Print 20 numbers in all.
The user (an earthling) enters his or her weight on earth. Your program will print the user`s weight on the moon, which is 16.5% of his or her weight on earth.
Print 30 randomly generated numbers using a RandomGenerator.
Add 2 GRects and 2 GOvals to the screen (any size or color). If the user clicks any of the GObjects, it should be removed from the screen.
Write a method that returns a boolean indicating whether an integer (provided as a parameter) is your favorite number or not (choose your favorite number if you don`t have one already!!). Use this method to write a program that accepts an integer and tells the user if the integer is your favorite number.
Generate a random integer between 0 and 100. Ask the user to guess the random number. Tell the user if their guess is too high, too low, or correct. Continue asking for guesses until the user guesses the correct number.
Accept input from the user. Keep track of the sum of all the numbers you have seen so far and print that sum to the user.
Draw a staircase! Use GRects and a double for loop to draw the image below. Do not fill the GRects. Hint: There is a first row with 0 GRects.
Fill in the provided method so that it takes in an income and returns the corresponding amount of tax (in YTL) that is collected (a double).
The percentage you are taxed is based off of your income, as shown in the table below:
| The Tax Base (YTL) | Tax % |
|---|---|
| 0-20.000 | 15 |
| 20.001 or greater | 20 |
Draw 5 GOvals. Using an ArrayList, make the GOvals grow bigger forever.


We provide the computer program of the Open Application Standard Platform, (hereinafter "Software") free of charge to download. Regarding this software the license terms of the Apache License 2.0 apply. The user shall be responsible to provide the required system environment for using the software. In accordance with the license terms of the Apache License 2.0, the user is entitled to use the Software in own / other projects (also commercial projects), provided that the copyright notice will be taken.
The software also requires open-source components of third-parties (providers), for which the respective open source license terms apply. The open-source components of third parties are not from us and must be licensed directly from the respective third party. The rights to use will be granted directly by the respective right owner to the extent of each relevant open source license terms. The user himself can download the desired third party component from the servers of the respective provider and install them in his own environment.
The open-source components of third-parties are shown in the following table including the respective and applicable license terms:
We indicate that the software is offered free of charge, therefore the liability and warranty provisions of the donation law shall apply.


This is your Tiny Robo. Your Tiny Robo is young and still has much to learn - your Tiny Robo hopes that you can help it. Today's lesson should help your Tiny Robo practice its ability to count.
Your Tiny Robo enjoys watching television programs while you are not actively teaching it. Your Tiny Robo's favorite show is Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
Sometimes your Tiny Robo confuses lines from its favorite show with other words/characters in the English language. Sometimes it confuses words with plain old Robo Speak (beeps and boops). Do not be mad if your Tiny Robo makes mistakes.


About Me!!
Welcome to my site! My name is Hannah, and I'm glad you're here.
What is my name?
Was I born in Washington?
Do I like dogs?
Do I eat gummy bears?
Do I like vegan ice cream?
Am I taller than six feet?


Guy Told His Carb-Free Dinner Looks ‘Lacking In Satisfaction And Joy’
by Julia BanimAfter lovingly serving and photographing a light and healthy meal, there are some things you just don’t want to hear.
Unfortunately for one would-be Jamie Oliver, it’s not just his plates that have ended up getting absolutely rinsed.
An amateur chef known only as ‘Gary G’ made the bold decision to share his culinary creation with the infamously brutal foodie group Rate My Plate, apparently believing he had hit upon a stroke of genius.
Now, imagine you’ve just got in from work after a hard day. Your stomach is beginning to rumble and your thoughts have turned exclusively to what you can rustle up out of the fridge.
Would you – under any circumstances – decide the best way to fill your tum would be to wrap up a piece of ham inside a flaccid lettuce leaf and declare it to be a ‘carb free tea’?
Of course you wouldn’t.
I’ve frozen yoghurt in ice cube trays to make ‘sweets’ and have roasted cauliflower to sate my crisp addiction. But, dear reader, Gary’s ‘carb free tea’ is where I draw a firm line in the sand.
I could of course get on board if this was lunch, a hurried meal at your desk or stuffed in your gob before you run to catch a train. But this is being billed as tea.
Tea time in my book should be a wonderfully comforting time of day; a time for warm, flavourful food which replenishes your energy and allows you to hop into bed happily. This meal is, if anything, the absolute antithesis of teatime.
It’s not clear at the time of writing whether or not Gary believed the good people of Rate My Plate would be left salivating at his dish, or whether this was some sort of elaborate ploy to get them choking on their dinners in horror.
If it was the latter, then his skills in causing absolute mayhem far outweigh his culinary abilities. Which, admittedly, isn’t saying much.
The reaction to Gary’s frustratingly simple ham and lettuce combo has been nothing short of deliciously harsh, with Rate My Plate members making an absolute salad out of Gary’s ‘sandwich’.
One person gagged:
Thanks Gary, can send this to my parents to show them something more disappointing than my life choices.
Another lamented:
Carb free indeed. Also free from flavour, satisfaction and joy. I really hope this isn’t a microcosm of your life Gary.
Gary’s meal may have been devoid of flavour, but at least the comments section had plenty of spice…
Jules studied English Literature with Creative Writing at Lancaster University before earning her masters in International Relations at Leiden University in The Netherlands (Hoi!). She then trained as a journalist through News Associates in Manchester. Jules has previously worked as a mental health blogger, copywriter and freelancer for various publications.


${head}
${navbar}
${_('Download Clients')}
${_('Usenet')}
${_('Disabled')}
NzbGet
Sabnzbd
${_('Black Hole')}
${_('Host')}
${_('Port')}
${_('User Name')}
${_('Password')}
${_('Category')}
${_('Priority')}
${_('Very Low')}
${_('Low')}
${_('Normal')}
${_('High')}
${_('Forced')}
${_('Add Paused')}
${_('Add NZBs in Paused state.')}
${_('Host')}
${_('Port')}
${_('API Key')}
${_('Category')}
${_('Priority')}
${_('Paused')}
${_('Low')}
${_('Normal')}
${_('High')}
${_('Forced')}
${_('Directory')}
${_('Torrent')}
${_('Disabled')}
Deluge Daemon
Deluge WebUI
Put.IO
rTorrent SCGI
rTorrent HTTP
Synology DownloadStation
Transmission
QBittorrent
${_('Black Hole')}
${_('Host')}
${_('Port')}
${_('User Name')}
${_('Password')}
${_('Category')}
${_('Priority')}
${_('Low')}
${_('Normal')}
${_('High')}
${_('Add Paused')}
${_('Add Torrents in Paused state.')}
${_('Remove Finished Torrents')}
${_('Remove torrents when ratio is reached.')}
${_('Stop seeding when ratio X is reached')}
${_('Remove torrents stalled for X hours')}
${_('Host')}
${_('Port')}
${_('Password')}
${_('Category')}
${_('Priority')}
${_('Low')}
${_('Normal')}
${_('High')}
${_('Add Paused')}
${_('Add Torrents in Paused state.')}
${_('Remove Finished Torrents')}
${_('Remove torrents when ratio is reached.')}
${_('Stop seeding when ratio X is reached')}
${_('Remove torrents stalled for X hours')}
${_('Application Token')}
Create Token
${_('Put.IO Directory ID')}
${_('Enable Post Processing')}
${_('Allow Put.IO to contact Watcher when complete.')}
${_('Watcher External Address')}
${_('Download to Local Directory')}
${_('Download and Postprocess in local dir.')}
${_('Download Directory')}
${_('Delete from Put.IO')}
${_('Delete file from Put.IO after downloading.')}
${_('Host')}
${_('Port')}
${_('Label')}
${_('Add Paused')}
${_('Add Torrents in Paused state.')}
${_('HTTP RPC Address')}
${_('Label')}
${_('User Name')}
${_('Password')}
${_('Add Paused')}
${_('Add Torrents in Paused state.')}
${_('Hosts')}
${_('Port')}
${_('User Name')}
${_('Password')}
${_('Destination')}
${_('Host')}
${_('Port')}
${_('User Name')}
${_('Password')}
${_('Category')}
${_('Priority')}
${_('Low')}
${_('Normal')}
${_('High')}
${_('Add Paused')}
${_('Add Torrents in Paused state.')}
${_('Remove Finished Torrents')}
${_('Remove torrents when ratio is reached.')}
${_('Stop seeding after being idle for X hours')}
${_('Stop seeding when ratio X is reached')}
${_('Remove torrents stalled for X hours')}
${_('Host')}
${_('Port')}
${_('User Name')}
${_('Password')}
${_('Category')}
${_('Directory')}


Ad Serving Demo
Select a user in dropdown and click on the link to run test with that user -
Select a User
Click here to simulate the selected user


--- title: Hello There # date: only required in landscape theme tags: [wishful, story] categories: - [love] ---
Too Long. Too Late. So Far Away. So Far Too Long.
Who am I to keep you wait?


Welcome! My name is Robert Tung. I graduated with the Class of 2020 from Clarkson University with a BS in Computer Engineering and a minor in Software Engineering. Throughout my post-graduation, I have been focusing more into software engineering and development. Specifically, I am learning more into AI/ML, AR/VR/XR, and game development with Unity.
I have been studying these topics either through Coursera courses or through self-learning. I have also recently taken up learning about AWS and currently hold a foundational certification.
I have developed mostly with these programming languages:
I have done a lot of my work with Python, with examples such as:
More recently, I hosted the Discord bot on AWS through an EC2 instance.
While actively searching for a job, I continue to expand my knowledge into areas that are new to me to broaden my skillset.


getComputedStyle
sizes
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Nesting: (1(2(3(4(5(6(7(8(9(10))))))))))
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OOOOOOOOOOOOO
(Sub-pixel font sizing, running from 10px to 11px in 0.1px increments)
OOOOOOOOOOO


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| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
| Packages that use org.objectstyle.cayenne.map | |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne | Core Cayenne classes and interfaces. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.access | Contains core Cayenne container classes. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.access.jdbc | |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.access.trans | Provides translators for Cayenne queries. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.access.types | |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.access.util | |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.conf | Provides classes to work with Cayenne configuration files. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dataview | |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba | Provides default implementation of DbAdapter architecture. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.db2 | DbAdapter implementation for IBM DB2 RDBMS. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.firebird | DbAdapter implementation for Firebird RDBMS. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.hsqldb | DbAdapter implementation for HSQLDB RDBMS. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.mysql | DbAdapter implementation for MySQL RDBMS. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.openbase | DbAdapter implementation for OpenBase RDBMS. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.oracle | DbAdapter implementation for Oracle RDBMS. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.postgres | DbAdapter implementation for PostgeSQL RDBMS. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.sybase | DbAdapter implementation for Sybase RDBMS. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.exp.parser | |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.gen | Contains classes that provide Java source generation facility. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.map | Contains O/R mapping classes that store relational database metadata information and map it to Java classes. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.map.event | |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.project | Contains model classes used by CayenneModeler or any other MVC type of application to work with Cayenne project files. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.project.validator | |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.query | Provides classes to build database queries in object terms. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.tools | Command line tools and Ant tasks. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.util | General utility classes. |
| org.objectstyle.cayenne.wocompat | Contains classes that interface Cayenne with Apple's WebObjects. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne| DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.access| DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. EntityInheritanceTree
|
A tree structure representing inheritance hierarchy of an ObjEntity and its subentities. EntityResolver
|
Represents a virtual shared namespace for zero or more DataMaps. EntitySorter
|
Defines API for sorting of Cayenne entities based on their mutual dependencies. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. ObjRelationship
|
Describes navigational association between two Java classes, represented as source and target ObjEntity. Procedure
|
A mapping descriptor for a database stored procedure. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.access.jdbc| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. ObjAttribute
|
An ObjAttribute is a mapping descriptor of a Java class property. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.access.trans| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. ObjRelationship
|
Describes navigational association between two Java classes, represented as source and target ObjEntity. Procedure
|
A mapping descriptor for a database stored procedure. ProcedureParameter
|
A descriptor for the StoredProcedure parameter. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.access.types| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.access.util| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. ObjRelationship
|
Describes navigational association between two Java classes, represented as source and target ObjEntity. Procedure
|
A mapping descriptor for a database stored procedure. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.conf| DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dataview| EntityResolver
|
Represents a virtual shared namespace for zero or more DataMaps. ObjAttribute
|
An ObjAttribute is a mapping descriptor of a Java class property. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. ObjRelationship
|
Describes navigational association between two Java classes, represented as source and target ObjEntity. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. ObjAttribute
|
An ObjAttribute is a mapping descriptor of a Java class property. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.db2| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.firebird| DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.hsqldb| DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.mysql| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.openbase| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.oracle| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.postgres| DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.dba.sybase| DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.exp.parser| Entity
|
An Entity is an abstract descriptor for an entity mapping concept. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.gen| DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.map| Attribute
|
An Attribute defines an abstract descriptor of an entity attribute. DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. DataMapException
|
A DataMapException is thrown to indicate problemes with DataMap loading. DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbAttributePair
|
Deprecated. Since 1.1 DbJoin is used.DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. DbJoin
|
Defines a join between two attributes of a given relationship. DbKeyGenerator
|
DbKeyGenerator is an abstraction of a primary key generator It configures the primary key generation per DbEntity in a RDBMS independent manner. DbRelationship
|
A DbRelationship is a descriptor of a database inter-table relationship based on one or more primary key/foreign key pairs. Entity
|
An Entity is an abstract descriptor for an entity mapping concept. EntityInheritanceTree
|
A tree structure representing inheritance hierarchy of an ObjEntity and its subentities. EntitySorter
|
Defines API for sorting of Cayenne entities based on their mutual dependencies. MapObject
|
Superclass of DataMap objects. MappingNamespace
|
Defines API of a container of DbEntities, ObjEntities, Procedures, Queries and other mapping objects. ObjAttribute
|
An ObjAttribute is a mapping descriptor of a Java class property. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. ObjRelationship
|
Describes navigational association between two Java classes, represented as source and target ObjEntity. Procedure
|
A mapping descriptor for a database stored procedure. ProcedureParameter
|
A descriptor for the StoredProcedure parameter. Relationship
|
Superclass of metadata relationship classes. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.map.event| Attribute
|
An Attribute defines an abstract descriptor of an entity attribute. DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. Entity
|
An Entity is an abstract descriptor for an entity mapping concept. Procedure
|
A mapping descriptor for a database stored procedure. ProcedureParameter
|
A descriptor for the StoredProcedure parameter. Relationship
|
Superclass of metadata relationship classes. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.project| DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. Entity
|
An Entity is an abstract descriptor for an entity mapping concept. Relationship
|
Superclass of metadata relationship classes. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.project.validator| DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. Entity
|
An Entity is an abstract descriptor for an entity mapping concept. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. Procedure
|
A mapping descriptor for a database stored procedure. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.query| DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. DbAttribute
|
A DbAttribute defines a descriptor for a single database table column. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. EntityResolver
|
Represents a virtual shared namespace for zero or more DataMaps. ObjAttribute
|
An ObjAttribute is a mapping descriptor of a Java class property. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. ObjRelationship
|
Describes navigational association between two Java classes, represented as source and target ObjEntity. Procedure
|
A mapping descriptor for a database stored procedure. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.tools| DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.util| DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. |
Classes in org.objectstyle.cayenne.map used by org.objectstyle.cayenne.wocompat| Attribute
|
An Attribute defines an abstract descriptor of an entity attribute. DataMap
|
Stores a collection of related mapping objects that describe database and object layers of an application. DbEntity
|
A DbEntity is a mapping descriptor that defines a structure of a database table. Entity
|
An Entity is an abstract descriptor for an entity mapping concept. MapObject
|
Superclass of DataMap objects. ObjAttribute
|
An ObjAttribute is a mapping descriptor of a Java class property. ObjEntity
|
ObjEntity is a mapping descriptor for a DataObject Java class. |
|
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| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


In September 1872, six Chinese children aged between 10 and 16 years old reached the coast of California. According to Chinese Educational Commission Students in Qing Dynasty, this was the first group of Chinese students to study overseas. The kids with their long braids and Qing dynasty’s style robes, had their photo taken on arrival in San Francisco.
By 1880, the Qing government had sent about 50 Chinese students to study Western science and engineering in the United State under the suggestions of Yung Wing, who went abroad with a missionary and later became the first Chinese graduates of Yale University. To the surprise of the Americans, the Chinese kids all performed exceedingly well even though everything was taught in English. Twenty two of them went on to Yale University, eight to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, three to Columbia University, and one to Harvard.
These kids later became pioneer eminent figures in 19th Century’s China and in the international community. What they didn’t know was that this was just the start of Chinese people’s aspiration to get a foreign education and hopefully, a bright future.
In the following century, it was either out of a thirst for knowledge, or simply that the diplomatic situation was favorable then, countless young people from China went to study in the USA, France, Japan, Germany and the Soviet Union.
Some of them stayed in those countries after they finished their education. They became the first generation of Chinese emigrants. Some went back to contributed their homeland with the advanced knowledge they gained overseas, the famous architect couple Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin, were one of them.
These very first generation of pioneers, especially those ones after May Fourth Student Movement, in which students across the China called for the emphasize of science and democracy, had become the chief source of Chinese people’s fantasy in oversea education: “a lot of students after the movement, bearing the mission of saving their country, went abroad and came back with advanced knowledge and broad horizon. They played important roles in the modern China’s history,” said Prof. Wang Qisheng, history professor of Peking University, in an article he submitted for China Scholars Abroad magazine.
“When I was little, I heard from my parents about how a peer of them were treated differently after he came back from the Soviet Union,” said a 48-year-old parent Ms Zhang: “it was such a glorious thing to be sent to abroad for education.”
In recent decades, the number of Chinese students who wish to study abroad has exploded. This, in turn, created business opportunities. English education institutions, visa helper centers and later study-abroad agencies, which act as one stop shops for students who want to go overseas, are now all over China
In 1978, when the Chinese government began Reform and Opening up, the 40-years’ break of Chinese education due to war and political instability was finally ended, families who could afford it, tried every which way to send their children abroad. The patriarch leader, Deng Xiaoping, expanded the quota of students who could go overseas from “around ten”, to “hundreds and thousands” (要成千上萬地派，不是只派十個八個").
In 1980, China began to grant approval for self-funded students to study abroad. Those seeking a foreign education increased ten times between 1983 and 1986, said a documentary about the history of oversea education done by Phoenix TV. Only one year later by 1987, 100 thousand Chinese students went abroad for education.
According to Prof.Wang’s analysis, over 220 thousands student went to over 100 different countries and regions for education during 1978 to 2000, covered almost every science and social science majors.
In late 1980s and early 1990s, many institutions opened up to prepare students for life outside China. Not only did they provide English classes, they also arranged applications to schools and universities overseas and helped with visa preparation. New Oriental Education, the biggest English education institution in China today with more than 67 branch offices now, was founded at that time.
A major obstacle for Chinese students in that period was a lack of access to information on education institutions overseas. They didn’t know how to apply nor did they know what would happen once they went abroad.
Agents, consultants and so-called “foreign ambassadors” then appeared. They worked for English education companies and helped to sort out applications for the students.
The lack of regulation on how these companies and agents operate led to cases of fraud and exploitation of families who aspired for a better future for their children.
Yun Jiang (not her real name) was a high school student at Beijing. One day in 2003, she saw an advertisement for a China Education Service Center” (CESC) in a newspaper. It offered services for students who wanted to go to university in Germany.
Yun thought her dream of going overseas would come true, but it turned out to be a nightmare.
That October, Yun’s father and her signed a contract with CESC and paid 15,000 RMB. The institution promised that after a one-year language course, and if Yun could pass the test, she could be admitted to a public university in Germany.
The family then paid another 12,200 Euros, approximately 90,000 RMB. That was supposed to include all the tuition, processing fees, accommodation and other course charges, Yun and four other students from Beijing signed similar contracts with CESC. They arrived in Augsburg, Germany, in February 2004.
Ten months’ study later, the four students received a notification from the Germany language school in Augsburg, saying that the school had not received their tuition fees since October, 2004. They also found that of the ten months’ worth of insurance fee they paid through CESC, only one month’s was actually paid to the German school.
The parents contacted CESC manager, Li Jingyan. Li told them that CESC would fix the problem. But that never happened.
In order to keep their visas, the four students had no choice but to pay the rest of the fees themselves.
A year later, Yun passed the language test.
But CESC never helped her to apply to the university she wanted to go. Yun then started to apply to a private school herself. Her father then found out that Chinese high school students were not allowed to apply for public universities in Germany without a qualified preparation course’s diploma. It was only then that they realisd CESC had been lying to them.
Yun’s family then filed a fraud claim against CESC.
In an email, CESC told JingHua Newspaper that the manager Li Jingyan, had colluded with a man named Yang Zheng. They apparently pocketed the money. The company, the email said, had never hired Yang Zheng. They claimed they had already fired Li by the time they received the claim.
The email also pointed out that Yun and other students’ parents were responsible too because they didn’t follow the contract to give the money directly to the company. Instead they paid Li.
“The company can’t supervise the actions of every employee everyday,” CESC said in the reply, “it’s very likely that they took the money for themselves”.
CESC was founded on 1984 by the National Education Commission of the People’s Republic of China as one of four official institutions that dealt with study-abroad affairs. But it changed into a limited company in 2001. In 2005, CESC’s publications still claimed that it was operating under the Ministry of Education. In 2009, the Ministry of Education stated on their official website that “although it has the title of ‘China education’, CESC did not belong to the ministry in any form.”
Yun told JingHua Newspaper in 2005 that she was frustrated, anxious and busy. A preparatory entrance test for the private school she was interested in might be cancelled because not enough students had registered.
She rented a place with several other people and could only afford one meal a day: “It’s very expensive here,” said Yun.
Little did Yun know that she was just one of many victims of fraudulent study-abroad agencies, similar things happened to another kid that was reported by the Ministry of Education as a warning case.
Due to low information accessibility and transparency, the same trick of language school, preparatory courses and public university that some agencies played had hoodwinked a lot of Chinese high school students in the early 2000s, as recorded by the Ministry of Education.
According to the Ministry of Education, one student was cheated out of more than 10,000 RMB in expenses and 15,000 RMB in agency fees. He spent three years studying at a language center in Köln,Germany. The student, who wanted to remain anonymous, was settled in a house that was remote from the city.
His teachers were immigrants from the former Soviet Union and not native German speakers. For three years, the agency kept changing its claim of what it could do for the student’s study plan and his visa arrangement.
He was initially promised that he would share an apartment with only one other person, get a German language qualification, have the chance of being admitted into a German university. None of it came true.
A certain Mr. Xu, the so-called “Chief of Student Union” in Germany showed up at the language school, forced the students to sign contracts with language center without mutually agreement on the payment and intrigued new students to buy expensive traffic plans to get kickback from the traffic companies.
Despite Yun’s case and another boy’s case been reported by the Ministry of Education at that time, several study agencies linked to CESC continue to operate today.
In April 2017, CESC’s website still claimed that it “originally belong to the Ministry of Education”. The website though had not been updated for ten years.
According to the Ministry of Education’s study-abroad information website, CESC’s was still on the list of licensed agencies that are qualified to deal with study-abroad business, not as what they claimed on the their website, that it was expired by 2010.
The site directs users to the advertisement page of another education agency, earthedu.com.
This new agency shared the same address and business license as CESC, except the liable party named in the licence was “China Center for International Information Exchange” or “Eastday.com study-aboard”. Clicking around, the website turned out to be an advertisement of another agency: study-abroad 360.
At the same time, CESE’s Baidu page claims that the agency has been working with yet another a study-abroad website: juesheng.com since 2012.
The Baidu page also states that CESC has a group of education consultants, several of whom, it says, are senior government officers and university professors. The identities of these individuals could be confirmed on the official websites of the institutions they belonged, but there is no proof of the links with CESC.
As for juesheng.com, it is introduced as an organization to organization education gateway.
Moreover, several institutions that claimed to be CESC’s sub-companies in Yangzhou, Wuhan and other Chinese cities continue to hold conferences and sharing sessions on studying overseas. They share the same logo claiming their links to the Ministry of Education, on their websites.
(Caption: Logo of CESE's sub-company in Hubei)


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| Completion date | 1 December 2018 |
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Class ToscaAttributeDefinition
An attribute definition defines a named, typed value that can be associated with an entity
defined in this specification (e.g., a Node, Relationship or Capability Type).
Specifically, it is used to expose the “actual state” of some property of a TOSCA entity
after it has been deployed and instantiated (as set by the TOSCA orchestrator).
Attribute values can be retrieved via the get_attribute function from the instance model
and used as values to other entities within TOSCA Service Templates.
Inheritance
Inherited Members
Namespace:Toscana
Assembly:Toscana.dll
Syntax
public class ToscaAttributeDefinition
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceToscaAttributeDefinition()
Initializes an instance of ToscaAttributeDefinition
Declaration
public ToscaAttributeDefinition()
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceDefault
An optional key that may provide a value to be used as a default if not provided by another means. This value SHALL be type compatible with the type declared by the property definition’s type keyname.
Declaration
public object Default { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Object |
Description
The optional description for the attribute.
Declaration
public string Description { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
EntrySchema
The optional key that is used to declare the name of the Datatype definition for entries of set types such as the TOSCA list or map.
Declaration
public string EntrySchema { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
Status
The optional status of the attribute relative to the specification or implementation.
Declaration
public ToscaPropertyStatus Status { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ToscaPropertyStatus |
Type
The required data type for the attribute.
Declaration
[Required(ErrorMessage = "type is required on attribute")]
public string Type { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |


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The Academy Awards, or "Oscars", is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (A.M.P.A.S.) to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements in the United States film industry as assessed by the Academy's voting membership
Grammy Museum 800 W. Olympic Blvd. Los Angeles, 90015
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Here is a monomorphic type of binary trees:
Inductive Z_btree : Set := Z_leaf : Z_btree | Z_bnode : Z->Z_btree->Z_btree->Z_btree.
Build the type btree of polymorphic binary trees. Define translation functions from Z_btree to btree Z and vice versa. Prove that they are inverse to each other.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block content %}
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