Long... Long... HELL
I live in mexico... so Datura or Brugmansia plants aren't hard to find... At the highway sometimes you can see hundreds of these plants... but the most common ones are Brugmansia candida and Brugmansia versicolor. Anyway, I picked up 3 yellow flowers (B. versicolor) and 2 white ones (B. candida)... also picked 5 leaves.
I wasnt sure if boiling would cause scopolamine and atropine to disappear due to heat action, so it seemed logical to me that heat wasn't needed... I chewed a leaf and nothing happened... except for that nasty flavor... So I mixed 3 B. versicolor flowers and 3 leaves in about 500ml water... I waited for about 3 hrs to let tropane alkaloids out of the flower/leaves iber.
First I drank about 100ml and the way it tasted was awful.
I waited half an hour to see if the effects would appear as with Real Daturas (Datura inoxia... also called Toloache or Yerba del Diablo) but nothing happened...
I thought that Brugmansias had a very poor amount of Scopolamine/atropine so I decided to drink the rest of the solution... Again the solution flavor almost caused me to vomit, but anyways I drank it all.
I waited for about 30 minutes and nothing happened...
I was kind of frustrated but about an hour after ingestion, I started to feel some strange things about my conscience.
I started to walk around my house... went to my room, studio, kitchen, living room, garden etc... I didnt knew why I was doing that... I looked through the windows and the world outside seemed artificial (something like those sketches that use in movies)... Outside seemed so new, so artificial, but also so nice...
I felt happy because Iīve never tried Brugmansia... This 'artificial world feeling' lasted for about 30 minutes and then altough it was still there, it was barely noticeable.
Then I started to feel my legs very weak and I decided to sit in my bed for a while...
I was looking through the window and then strange things happened... My peripheral vision changed at the point that images were disstortioned like if they were covered by water or some jelly like substance... I tried to feel my heart (as I always do when trying a psychoactive), but i couldnt feel it... I countinued trying and trying but I could feel nothing.
I started to feel nausea, and I decided to go to bed again, this time to rest... I tried to rest, but I couldnt... I felt disoriented... I didnt know were was my roomīs window, or if I was lying on my bed... I felt confused.
Those things were nasty, but something happened that still makes me feel scared... I was lying on my bed and then I felt like someone had touch my shoulder... I had read about tropane alkaloids, so this seemed normal to me... then I felt again like someone had touched my back, then my lef leg, then my arms, then my other leg... etc...
This wasn't scary or something, but then I started to feel electric shocks all over my body, but in specific areas... first I felt a shock in my back, then my legs, etc... This was HORRIBLE... I couldnt stop that!!... I tried to calm down and I did it well... shocks almost disappeared.
I fell asleep, although I'm not sure if I was sleeping or if I was awake but in some altered conscience state... My girlfriend woke me up and we talked for some minutes. Then two friends entered to my room and I talked to them... when I turned back my girl wasnt there!!! then I turned around again and my friends weren't there either!!!
I knew those were hallucinations, but DAMN!! they were sooooo reaaall... Friends and people keeped coming the whole night but although i knew they were hallucinations, I talked to them loud as if they were real people. It was just that my brain wanted to talk to them... I couldnt stop... then electricity came back, but this time harder...
That nasty feeling attacked my neck to the point that I couldn't move my head... that lasted for about an hour!... an hour of suffering... and then it disappeared.
Many other friends came to visit me and then I felt electricity in my right arm... This time I felt really bad... that 'electricity' feeling was really really painful and I couldnt stop it... This lasted for about 3 hours and I couldn't rest or be distracted or anything else to forget about that pain.
I started to think the solution was poisonous, but I woke up and went to the bathroom to relax a bit. Pain in the right arm dissapeared as i looked at myself in front of the mirror. I knew it was me at the mirror, but I felt like if that guy wasnt me... like if it was a different person, with different feelings that was looking at me. I laughed at that feeling but the reflection didn't...I got close to the mirror, but the reflection didnt move a single cm...
I returned to my bed and started to feel cramps, nausea, touching, electricity running all over my arms. I opened my eyes to see if everything was ok, and my room was different... I mean... same stuff in there, but all furniture was in a different place... I closed my eyes again, and opened them in about 2 minutes... Damn!! the furniture wasnt there!
I looked through my window again, and I saw a flashing light... one... two... three!... like the ones u see in a big rain storm... I rested again and friends appeared again. I talked to them the whole night as if they were there.
Next morning i woke up and I couldn't tell if my world was real or not. Daturaīs hallucinations are so real that I couldnt tell if I was still 'dreaming'.  I went to the kitchen... etc... then I started to feel cramps at my right arm, but nothing seriouse... I was happy because everything was over...
I went to the bathroom and saw me at the mirror.. The reflection was normal, except for one thing... Itīs eyes were closed. Then I moved and it moved too... even it felt normal, but the eyes... closed eyes... DAMN!!!
I touched my eyes, and they were closed too!!! The reflection wasn't wrong! I could see even if my eyes were closed!!!... This felt so real!!!... so real!!! I could walk, sit, watch tv, everything as if my eyes where open...
Then cramps started again... so i decided to rest a little... I woke up and nothing was wrong... Im pretty sure I wasnt at Brugmansia's effects anymore. Everything was normal again, but I couldnt read, or see some details of the things in my house, my vision was pretty blurry due to scopolamine as I had read.
Blurry vision disappeared sometimes, but it came back in a few minutes.
Then electricity again... and again, and again, It was a living hell... hallucinations were over... All I had was that I was poisoned... Not something to worry about, but it is something I wouldn't wish on anyone.
My trip (If u can call it that) lasted for about 20 hours... and the blurry vision lasted 3 days...
That night I learned something...
Brugmansia can give u hallucinations so real that u can be confused about whether you are hallucinating or not... Also... Brugmansia are highly poisonous. You must treat this lady with all respect she deserves. She is the kind of plant you dont want to mess with.
I dont know if my uncooked solution was the problem, but I'm sure I wont do it again... cooked, smoked, snorted or whatever. This plant is for the kind of persons that want to try everything at least once.
I personally discourage the use of this plant as a recreational psychoactive. It seemed really dangerous and if u have a bad trip like mine you may be TORTURED for hours or even days...
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


| DOSE: T+ 0:00 |
|
oral |
Coffee |
(liquid) |
| T+ 0:00 |
5 flowers |
oral |
Passion Flower |
(flowers) |
| T+ 0:00 |
2.5 Tbsp |
oral |
Kava |
(tea) |
| T+ 1:00 |
2.5 Tbsp |
oral |
Kava |
(tea) |
So after almost being evicted by my parents for smoking weed again, even though I'm a vocal legal weed proponent (doesn't phase them), I decided that I would attempt to find another, more legal way to satisfy my need to get messed up on occasion. My best friend then read about this stuff called kava, a plant in the pepper family grown and traditionally consumed in the pacific islands.
The active ingredients in kava are numerous, and all fall under the group known as alkaloids, more specifically, kavalactones. Anyone who knows anything about brain chemistry also knows that MAOIs (like those found in passion flower) amplify the effect of a wide variety of alkaloids to a great degree. Note however: mixing MAOIs with ANY NUMBER OF THINGS can be dangerous, so be very mindful of your decisions and what it is you eat. So I decided after some reading that mixing these two legal plants for an intoxicating effect was not the worst of the legal inebriations I have dreamt up.
At about 11:15 pm, I brewed up a strong pot of coffee (2 1/2 scoops) to counter the double sedative effects of passion flower and kava. In retrospect, this was dumb: caffeine reacts very badly with MAOIs in high concentrations, and even in low concentrations can leave a nasty headache. I won't do it again, and I didn't learn about this interaction until after I consumed both. But nevertheless, I downed the coffee, and within minutes was wired as expected. I then sat down and began to read up on kava brewing recipes while munching the passion flowers. Very strong generic plant taste, nasty but not intolerable. This being my second night in a row to have kava in my system, I expected good things since kava has a reverse tolerance. After the last passion flower, I was feeling relaxed and clear-headed, while still energetic from the caffeine.
I mixed up some kava drink with ~2 1/2 tbsp kava powder, strained, in 12 oz. of water, along with oz. of lemon juice, 2 oz of pure cane syrup, and a few ice cubes. After profuse stirring, I began to drink. The flavor was tolerable at first, and kava's aroma is quite inviting. Near the end of the glass, there tended to be a vomit-like aftertaste, so I took to closing my nostrils while consuming. This allowed much speedier consumption.
Within 20 minutes of starting the glass, I was as drunk in the body as 4 or 5 beers would do me (pretty good past-driving buzz), but I was still thinking clearly. It was hard for me to tell I was drunk until I stood up, and almost fell over onto my bed. I then called my best friend and proceded to talk with him for 30 minutes about the possibilities of kava. He and I are nerdy science geeks that popular high school kids like, cuz we dream up great ways of getting wasted. We talked about purifying kava, extracting kava, etc.
I then felt the urge to drink more, as my buzz was beginning to wear off. I then mixed a replica of my earlier beverage, and downed it more quickly. Once again, the feelings came about 15 to 20 minutes later in full force, leaving me thoroughly drunk (8 to 9 beers), and I was starting to notice I had very limited control of my body. It became difficult to stand up, and it was more pleasurable to sit anyways.
I wanted badly to masturbate, so I indulged. It ended in the most amazing orgasm I have ever had - better than any I've had in actual sex! After this, the effects began to subside, though my head continued to feel heavy until I went to sleep at about 3:30 am.  I do not recommend doing this standing - you may fall down.
I awoke the next morning at 6:00 with a surprisingly light headache, and overall in a good, relaxed mood. Kava's wonderful reasonless happiness after-effect is much like weed, but the mental clarity never leaves. I was very chill and calm, almost drowsy, but very sociable and nice to people.
I highly recommend kava consumption to people that enjoy drunkeness but do not like hangovers and clouded judgement, and to people that enjoy a baseline calm happiness the next day. I do not, however, recommend the consumption of any MAOI-containing substance unless you know what you are doing. Pulling a caffeine mistake like I did with more passion flower could have been a hospital visit, and would definitely not been fun.
Paying extra for better/fresher kava is worth the money. And allow yourself 3 uses 3 days in a row before making a conclusion about the plant. My first night was rather boring. I simply relaxed.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


val analyzerVersion: String
Which version of the Spotify analyzer the analysis was run on
analyzerVersion - Which version of the Spotify analyzer the analysis was run on
analyzerVersion


Here we use Morph to transform the box on the left to be the same dimensions as the box on the right.
import Morph from 'morph';
const M = Morph(leftBox, rightBox);
M.morph();
Here we use Morph to transform the box on the left to be the same dimensions as the box on the right.
Here we use Morph to transform the box on the left to be the same dimensions as the box on the right.


| File | Statements | Branches | Functions | Lines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BaseIntegration.ts | 95.45% | 21/22 | 100% | 4/4 | 83.33% | 5/6 | 94.12% | 16/17 | |
| Cordova.ts | 41.74% | 48/115 | 18.18% | 8/44 | 31.25% | 5/16 | 41.35% | 43/104 | |
| Electron.ts | 87.32% | 62/71 | 48.28% | 14/29 | 100% | 6/6 | 88.24% | 60/68 | |
| GenericJavascript.ts | 42.31% | 11/26 | 50% | 1/2 | 100% | 2/2 | 37.5% | 9/24 | |
| GenericNode.ts | 42.11% | 8/19 | 0% | 0/2 | 50% | 1/2 | 35.29% | 6/17 | |
| MobileProject.ts | 75.61% | 31/41 | 61.54% | 8/13 | 83.33% | 5/6 | 75.76% | 25/33 | |
| ReactNative.ts | 38.27% | 75/196 | 15.85% | 13/82 | 26.67% | 8/30 | 36.36% | 64/176 |


Express router to mount Agency-related functions on.
- Source:
Methods
(inner) addBusinessContractToParticipants(contract, callback)
After a BusinessContract is made, a reference to it needs to be added to both of its participants.
A BusinessContract is always between a) Agency and Worker or b) Agency and Business.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
contract |
BusinessContract | The created BusinessContract to be added to participants. |
callback |
function | A function(error, result) which will handle the outcome of this function. |
- Source:
(inner) createBusinessContract(participants)
Helper function to avoid duplicate code. Function creates the businessContract and saves it to database.
Note: ONLY workerId OR businessId should be present in participants. Otherwise will return an error.
Returns {Object|Error} Error if saving the contract was not successful or both workerId and businessId were given in parameter. A BusinessContract object if saving to database was successful.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
participants |
Object | { agencyId, businessId || workerId }
Properties
|
- Source:
(inner) DELETE /businesscontracts/:businessContractId()
Returns response.body: { The updated BusinessContract object }, response.header.Location: The updated businesscontract url api/businesscontracts/:businessContractId
Requires user logged in as an Agency taking part in this specific BusinessContract.
Route for an Agency to delete an existing BusinessContract and remove its references from its participants
businessContractId is read from url param and the matching BusinessContract is put to request.businessContract by businessContractExists-middleware
The logged in Agency object is in request.agency by needsToBeAgency-middleware
- Source:
(inner) GET /agencies/businesscontracts()
Returns response.body: { [{businessContract1}, {businessContract2},...] }
Requires user logged in as Agency.
Route for getting full data of all BusinessContracts that the logged in Agency has.
{ [{businessContract1}, {businessContract2},...] }
- Source:
(inner) GET /businesscontracts/:businessContractId()
Returns response.body: { businessContract: TheWholeBusinessContractObject }
Requires user logged in as a participant of this specific BusinessContract. body requirements: body.role = "agency" / "business" / "worker"
Route for getting one specific businessContract
- Source:
(inner) get/me()
- Source:
(inner) POST /agencies()
Returns a token that is used for user log in.
Request requirements:
Body.email, Body.name, Body.password
- Source:
(inner) POST /businesscontracts()
Returns response.body: { The created businessContract object }, response.header.Location: created businesscontract url api/businesscontracts/:businessContractId
Requires User logged in as an Agency. body requirements: {businessId: "businessId" OR workerId: "workerId"}
Route for initiating a connection between Agency and Business or Worker.
The BusinessContract is created and the url to the contract resource is returned so that it can be sent to the Business or Worker.
agencyId from jwt-token
- Source:
(inner) PUT /businesscontracts/:businessContractId()
Returns response.body: { The updated BusinessContract object }, response.header.Location: The updated businesscontract url api/businesscontracts/:businessContractId
Requires user logged in as a Business/Worker taking part in this specific BusinessContract.
Route for a Business/Worker to accept a BusinessContract created by an Agency
businessContractId is read from url param and the matching BusinessContract is put to request.businessContract by businessContractExists-middleware
- Source:


Session Library
The Session class permits you to maintain a user’s “state” and track their activity while they browse your site.
CodeIgniter comes with a few session storage drivers, that you can see in the last section of the table of contents:
Using the Session Class
Initializing a Session
Sessions will typically run globally with each page load, so the Session class should be magically initialized.
To access and initialize the session:
<?php
$session = \Config\Services::session($config);
The $config
parameter is optional - your application configuration.
If not provided, the services register will instantiate your default
one.
Once loaded, the Sessions library object will be available using:
$session
Alternatively, you can use the helper function that will use the default configuration options. This version is a little friendlier to read, but does not take any configuration options.
<?php
$session = session();
How Do Sessions Work?
When a page is loaded, the session class will check to see if a valid session cookie is sent by the user’s browser. If a sessions cookie does not exist (or if it doesn’t match one stored on the server or has expired) a new session will be created and saved.
If a valid session does exist, its information will be updated. With each update, the session ID may be regenerated if configured to do so.
It’s important for you to understand that once initialized, the Session class runs automatically. There is nothing you need to do to cause the above behavior to happen. You can, as you’ll see below, work with session data, but the process of reading, writing, and updating a session is automatic.
Note
Under CLI, the Session library will automatically halt itself, as this is a concept based entirely on the HTTP protocol.
A Note about Concurrency
Unless you’re developing a website with heavy AJAX usage, you can skip this section. If you are, however, and if you’re experiencing performance issues, then this note is exactly what you’re looking for.
Sessions in CodeIgniter v2.x didn’t implement locking, which meant that two HTTP requests using the same session could run exactly at the same time. To use a more appropriate technical term - requests were non-blocking.
However, non-blocking requests in the context of sessions also means unsafe, because, modifications to session data (or session ID regeneration) in one request can interfere with the execution of a second, concurrent request. This detail was at the root of many issues and the main reason why CodeIgniter 3 has a completely re-written Session library.
Why are we telling you this? Because it is likely that after trying to find the reason for your performance issues, you may conclude that locking is the issue and therefore look into how to remove the locks …
DO NOT DO THAT! Removing locks would be wrong and it will cause you more problems!
Locking is not the issue, it is a solution. Your issue is that you still have the session open, while you’ve already processed it and therefore no longer need it. So, what you need is to close the session for the current request after you no longer need it.
<?php
$session->close();
What is Session Data?
Session data is simply an array associated with a particular session ID (cookie).
If you’ve used sessions in PHP before, you should be familiar with PHP’s $_SESSION superglobal (if not, please read the content on that link).
CodeIgniter gives access to its session data through the same means, as it
uses the session handlers’ mechanism provided by PHP. Using session data is
as simple as manipulating (read, set and unset values) the $_SESSION
array.
Note
In general, it is bad practice to use global variables.
So using the superglobal $_SESSION
directly is not recommended.
In addition, CodeIgniter also provides 2 special types of session data that are further explained below: Flashdata and Tempdata.
Note
For historical reasons, we refer to session data excluding Flashdata and Tempdata as “userdata”.
Retrieving Session Data
Any piece of information from the session array is available through the
$_SESSION
superglobal:
<?php
$item = $_SESSION['item'];
Or through the conventional accessor method:
<?php
$item = $session->get('item');
Or through the magic getter:
<?php
$item = $session->item;
Or even through the session helper method:
<?php
$item = session('item');
Where item
is the array key corresponding to the item you wish to fetch.
For example, to assign a previously stored name
item to the $name
variable, you will do this:
<?php
$name = $_SESSION['name'];
// or:
$name = $session->name;
// or:
$name = $session->get('name');
Note
The get()
method returns null if the item you are trying
to access does not exist.
If you want to retrieve all of the existing session data, you can simply omit the item key (magic getter only works for single property values):
<?php
$userData = $_SESSION;
// or:
$userData = $session->get();
Important
The get()
method WILL return flashdata or tempdata items when
retrieving a single item by key. It will not return flashdata or tempdata when
grabbing all data from the session, however.
Adding Session Data
Let’s say a particular user logs into your site. Once authenticated, you could add their username and e-mail address to the session, making that data globally available to you without having to run a database query when you need it.
You can simply assign data to the $_SESSION
array, as with any other
variable. Or as a property of $session
.
You can pass an array containing your new session data to the
set()
method:
<?php
$session->set($array);
Where $array
is an associative array containing your new data. Here’s
an example:
<?php
$newdata = [
'username' => 'johndoe',
'email' =><EMAIL_ADDRESS>'logged_in' => true,
];
$session->set($newdata);
If you want to add session data one value at a time, set()
also
supports this syntax:
<?php
$session->set('some_name', 'some_value');
If you want to verify that a session value exists, simply check with
isset()
:
<?php
// returns false if the 'some_name' item doesn't exist or is null,
// true otherwise:
if (isset($_SESSION['some_name'])) {
// ...
}
Or you can call has()
:
<?php
$session->has('some_name');
Pushing New Value to Session Data
The push()
method is used to push a new value onto a session value that is an array.
For instance, if the hobbies
key contains an array of hobbies, you can add a new value onto the array like so:
<?php
$session->push('hobbies', ['sport' => 'tennis']);
Removing Session Data
Just as with any other variable, unsetting a value in $_SESSION
can be
done through unset()
:
<?php
unset($_SESSION['some_name']);
// or multiple values:
unset(
$_SESSION['some_name'],
$_SESSION['another_name']
);
Also, just as set()
can be used to add information to a
session, remove()
can be used to remove it, by passing the
session key. For example, if you wanted to remove some_name
from your
session data array:
<?php
$session->remove('some_name');
This method also accepts an array of item keys to unset:
<?php
$array_items = ['username', 'email'];
$session->remove($array_items);
Flashdata
CodeIgniter supports “flashdata”, or session data that will only be available for the next request, and is then automatically cleared.
This can be very useful, especially for one-time informational, error or status messages (for example: “Record 2 deleted”).
It should be noted that flashdata variables are regular session variables, managed inside the CodeIgniter session handler.
To mark an existing item as “flashdata”:
<?php
$session->markAsFlashdata('item');
If you want to mark multiple items as flashdata, simply pass the keys as an array:
<?php
$session->markAsFlashdata(['item', 'item2']);
To add flashdata:
<?php
$_SESSION['item'] = 'value';
$session->markAsFlashdata('item');
Or alternatively, using the setFlashdata()
method:
<?php
$session->setFlashdata('item', 'value');
You can also pass an array to setFlashdata()
, in the same manner as
set()
.
Reading flashdata variables is the same as reading regular session data
through $_SESSION
:
<?php
$item = $_SESSION['item'];
Important
The get()
method WILL return flashdata items when
retrieving a single item by key. It will not return flashdata when
grabbing all data from the session, however.
However, if you want to be sure that you’re reading “flashdata” (and not
any other kind), you can also use the getFlashdata()
method:
<?php
$session->getFlashdata('item');
Note
The getFlashdata()
method returns null if the item cannot be
found.
Or to get an array with all flashdata, simply omit the key parameter:
<?php
$session->getFlashdata();
If you find that you need to preserve a flashdata variable through an
additional request, you can do so using the keepFlashdata()
method.
You can either pass a single item or an array of flashdata items to keep.
<?php
$session->keepFlashdata('item');
$session->keepFlashdata(['item1', 'item2', 'item3']);
Tempdata
CodeIgniter also supports “tempdata”, or session data with a specific expiration time. After the value expires, or the session expires or is deleted, the value is automatically removed.
Similarly to flashdata, tempdata variables are managed internally by the CodeIgniter session handler.
To mark an existing item as “tempdata”, simply pass its key and expiry time
(in seconds!) to the markAsTempdata()
method:
<?php
// 'item' will be erased after 300 seconds
$session->markAsTempdata('item', 300);
You can mark multiple items as tempdata in two ways, depending on whether you want them all to have the same expiry time or not:
<?php
// Both 'item' and 'item2' will expire after 300 seconds
$session->markAsTempdata(['item', 'item2'], 300);
// 'item' will be erased after 300 seconds, while 'item2'
// will do so after only 240 seconds
$session->markAsTempdata([
'item' => 300,
'item2' => 240,
]);
To add tempdata:
<?php
$_SESSION['item'] = 'value';
$session->markAsTempdata('item', 300); // Expire in 5 minutes
Or alternatively, using the setTempdata()
method:
<?php
$session->setTempdata('item', 'value', 300);
You can also pass an array to setTempdata()
:
<?php
$tempdata = ['newuser' => true, 'message' => 'Thanks for joining!'];
$session->setTempdata($tempdata, null, $expire);
Note
If the expiration is omitted or set to 0, the default time-to-live value of 300 seconds (or 5 minutes) will be used.
To read a tempdata variable, again you can just access it through the
$_SESSION
superglobal array:
<?php
$item = $_SESSION['item'];
Important
The get()
method WILL return tempdata items when
retrieving a single item by key. It will not return tempdata when
grabbing all data from the session, however.
Or if you want to be sure that you’re reading “tempdata” (and not any
other kind), you can also use the getTempdata()
method:
<?php
$session->getTempdata('item');
Note
The getTempdata()
method returns null if the item cannot be
found.
And of course, if you want to retrieve all existing tempdata:
<?php
$session->getTempdata();
If you need to remove a tempdata value before it expires, you can directly
unset it from the $_SESSION
array:
<?php
unset($_SESSION['item']);
However, this won’t remove the marker that makes this specific item to be
tempdata (it will be invalidated on the next HTTP request), so if you
intend to reuse that same key in the same request, you’d want to use
removeTempdata()
:
<?php
$session->removeTempdata('item');
Closing a Session
close()
New in version 4.4.0.
To close the current session manually after you no longer need it, use the
close()
method:
<?php
$session->close();
You do not have to close the session manually, PHP will close it automatically after your script terminated. But as session data is locked to prevent concurrent writes only one request may operate on a session at any time. You may improve your site performance by closing the session as soon as all changes to session data are done.
This method will work in exactly the same way as PHP’s session_write_close() function.
Destroying a Session
destroy()
To clear the current session (for example, during a logout), you may
simply use the library’s destroy()
method:
<?php
$session->destroy();
This method will work in exactly the same way as PHP’s session_destroy() function.
This must be the last session-related operation that you do during the same request. All session data (including flashdata and tempdata) will be destroyed permanently.
Note
You do not have to call this method from usual code. Cleanup session data rather than destroying the session.
stop()
Deprecated since version 4.3.5.
The session class also has the stop()
method.
Warning
Prior to v4.3.5, this method did not destroy the session due to a bug.
Starting with v4.3.5, this method has been modified to destroy the session.
However, it is deprecated because it is exactly the same as the destroy()
method. Use the destroy()
method instead.
Accessing Session Metadata
In CodeIgniter 2, the session data array included 4 items by default: ‘session_id’, ‘ip_address’, ‘user_agent’, ‘last_activity’.
This was due to the specifics of how sessions worked, but is now no longer necessary with our new implementation. However, it may happen that your application relied on these values, so here are alternative methods of accessing them:
session_id:
$session->session_id
orsession_id()
(PHP’s built-in function)ip_address:
$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']
user_agent:
$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
(unused by sessions)last_activity: Depends on the storage, no straightforward way. Sorry!
Session Preferences
CodeIgniter will usually make everything work out of the box. However, Sessions are a very sensitive component of any application, so some careful configuration must be done. Please take your time to consider all of the options and their effects.
Note
Since v4.3.0, the new app/Config/Session.php has been added. Previously, the Session Preferences were in your app/Config/App.php file.
You’ll find the following Session related preferences in your app/Config/Session.php file:
Preference |
Default |
Options |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
driver |
CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\FileHandler |
CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\FileHandler CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\DatabaseHandler CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\MemcachedHandler CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\RedisHandler CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\ArrayHandler |
The session storage driver to use. |
cookieName |
ci_session |
[A-Za-z_-] characters only |
The name used for the session cookie. |
expiration |
7200 (2 hours) |
Time in seconds (integer) |
The number of seconds you would like the session to last. If you would like a non-expiring session (until browser is closed) set the value to zero: 0 |
savePath |
null |
None |
Specifies the storage location, depends on the driver being used. |
matchIP |
false |
true/false (boolean) |
Whether to validate the user’s IP address when reading the session cookie. Note that some ISPs dynamically changes the IP, so if you want a non-expiring session you will likely set this to false. |
timeToUpdate |
300 |
Time in seconds (integer) |
This option controls how often the session class will regenerate itself and create a new session ID. Setting it to 0 will disable session ID regeneration. |
regenerateDestroy |
false |
true/false (boolean) |
Whether to destroy session data associated with the old session ID when auto-regenerating the session ID. When set to false, the data will be later deleted by the garbage collector. |
Note
As a last resort, the Session library will try to fetch PHP’s session related INI settings, as well as CodeIgniter 3 settings such as ‘sess_expire_on_close’ when any of the above is not configured. However, you should never rely on this behavior as it can cause unexpected results or be changed in the future. Please configure everything properly.
Note
If expiration
is set to 0
, the session.gc_maxlifetime
setting set by PHP in session management will be used as-is
(often the default value of 1440
). This needs to be changed in
php.ini
or via ini_set()
as needed.
In addition to the values above, the Session cookie uses the following configuration values in your app/Config/Cookie.php file:
Preference |
Default |
Description |
|---|---|---|
domain |
‘’ |
The domain for which the session is applicable |
path |
/ |
The path to which the session is applicable |
secure |
false |
Whether to create the session cookie only on encrypted (HTTPS) connections |
sameSite |
Lax |
The SameSite setting for the session cookie |
Note
The httponly
setting doesn’t have an effect on sessions.
Instead the HttpOnly parameter is always enabled, for security
reasons. Additionally, the Config\Cookie::$prefix
setting is completely
ignored.
Session Drivers
As already mentioned, the Session library comes with 4 handlers, or storage engines, that you can use:
CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\FileHandler
CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\DatabaseHandler
CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\MemcachedHandler
CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\RedisHandler
CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\ArrayHandler
By default, the FileHandler
Driver will be used when a session is initialized,
because it is the safest choice and is expected to work everywhere
(virtually every environment has a file system).
However, any other driver may be selected via the public $driver
line in your app/Config/Session.php file, if you chose to do so.
Have it in mind though, every driver has different caveats, so be sure to
get yourself familiar with them (below) before you make that choice.
Note
The ArrayHandler is used during testing and stores all data within a PHP array, while preventing the data from being persisted.
FileHandler Driver (the default)
The ‘FileHandler’ driver uses your file system for storing session data.
It can safely be said that it works exactly like PHP’s own default session implementation, but in case this is an important detail for you, have it mind that it is in fact not the same code and it has some limitations (and advantages).
To be more specific, it doesn’t support PHP’s directory level and mode
formats used in session.save_path,
and it has most of the options hard-coded for safety. Instead, only
absolute paths are supported for public string $savePath
.
Another important thing that you should know, is to make sure that you don’t use a publicly-readable or shared directory for storing your session files. Make sure that only you have access to see the contents of your chosen savePath directory. Otherwise, anybody who can do that, can also steal any of the current sessions (also known as “session fixation” attack).
On UNIX-like operating systems, this is usually achieved by setting the 0700 mode permissions on that directory via the chmod command, which allows only the directory’s owner to perform read and write operations on it. But be careful because the system user running the script is usually not your own, but something like ‘www-data’ instead, so only setting those permissions will probably break your application.
Instead, you should do something like this, depending on your environment:
mkdir /<path to your application directory>/writable/sessions/
chmod 0700 /<path to your application directory>/writable/sessions/
chown www-data /<path to your application directory>/writable/sessions/
Bonus Tip
Some of you will probably opt to choose another session driver because file storage is usually slower. This is only half true.
A very basic test will probably trick you into believing that an SQL database is faster, but in 99% of the cases, this is only true while you only have a few current sessions. As the sessions count and server loads increase - which is the time when it matters - the file system will consistently outperform almost all relational database setups.
In addition, if performance is your only concern, you may want to look into using tmpfs, (warning: external resource), which can make your sessions blazing fast.
DatabaseHandler Driver
Important
Only MySQL and PostgreSQL databases are officially supported, due to lack of advisory locking mechanisms on other platforms. Using sessions without locks can cause all sorts of problems, especially with heavy usage of AJAX, and we will not support such cases. Use the close() method after you’ve done processing session data if you’re having performance issues.
The ‘DatabaseHandler’ driver uses a relational database such as MySQL or PostgreSQL to store sessions. This is a popular choice among many users, because it allows the developer easy access to the session data within an application - it is just another table in your database.
However, there are some conditions that must be met:
You can NOT use a persistent connection.
Configure DatabaseHandler
Setting Table Name
In order to use the ‘DatabaseHandler’ session driver, you must also create this
table that we already mentioned and then set it as your
$savePath
value.
For example, if you would like to use ‘ci_sessions’ as your table name,
you would do this:
<?php
namespace Config;
use CodeIgniter\Config\BaseConfig;
use CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\FileHandler;
class Session extends BaseConfig
{
// ...
public string $driver = 'CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\DatabaseHandler';
// ...
public string $savePath = 'ci_sessions';
// ...
}
Creating Database Table
And then of course, create the database table …
For MySQL:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ci_sessions` (
`id` varchar(128) NOT null,
`ip_address` varchar(45) NOT null,
`timestamp` timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT null,
`data` blob NOT null,
KEY `ci_sessions_timestamp` (`timestamp`)
);
For PostgreSQL:
CREATE TABLE "ci_sessions" (
"id" varchar(128) NOT NULL,
"ip_address" inet NOT NULL,
"timestamp" timestamptz DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
"data" bytea DEFAULT '' NOT NULL
);
CREATE INDEX "ci_sessions_timestamp" ON "ci_sessions" ("timestamp");
Note
The id
value contains the session cookie name (Config\Session::$cookieName
)
and the session ID and a delimiter. It should be increased as needed, for example,
when using long session IDs.
Adding Primary Key
You will also need to add a PRIMARY KEY depending on your $matchIP setting. The examples below work both on MySQL and PostgreSQL:
// When $matchIP = true
ALTER TABLE ci_sessions ADD PRIMARY KEY (id, ip_address);
// When $matchIP = false
ALTER TABLE ci_sessions ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);
// To drop a previously created primary key (use when changing the setting)
ALTER TABLE ci_sessions DROP PRIMARY KEY;
Important
If you don’t add the correct primary key, the following error may occur:
Uncaught mysqli_sql_exception: Duplicate entry 'ci_session:***' for key 'ci_sessions.PRIMARY'
Changing Database Group
The default database group is used by default.
You can change the database group to use by changing the $DBGroup
property
in the app/Config/Session.php file to the name of the group to use:
<?php
namespace Config;
use CodeIgniter\Config\BaseConfig;
use CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\FileHandler;
class Session extends BaseConfig
{
// ...
public ?string $DBGroup = 'groupName';
}
Setting Up Database Table with Command
If you’d rather not do all of this by hand, you can use the make:migration --session
command
from the cli to generate a migration file for you:
php spark make:migration --session
php spark migrate
This command will take the $savePath
and $matchIP
settings into account
when it generates the code.
RedisHandler Driver
Note
Since Redis doesn’t have a locking mechanism exposed, locks for
this driver are emulated by a separate value that is kept for up
to 300 seconds. With v4.3.2
or above, you can connect Redis
with TLS protocol.
Redis is a storage engine typically used for caching and popular because of its high performance, which is also probably your reason to use the ‘RedisHandler’ session driver.
The downside is that it is not as ubiquitous as relational databases and requires the phpredis PHP extension to be installed on your system, and that one doesn’t come bundled with PHP. Chances are, you’re only be using the RedisHandler driver only if you’re already both familiar with Redis and using it for other purposes.
Configure RedisHandler
Just as with the ‘FileHandler’ and ‘DatabaseHandler’ drivers, you must also configure
the storage location for your sessions via the
$savePath
setting.
The format here is a bit different and complicated at the same time. It is
best explained by the phpredis extension’s README file, so we’ll simply
link you to it:
For the most common case however, a simple host:port
pair should be
sufficient:
<?php
namespace Config;
use CodeIgniter\Config\BaseConfig;
use CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\FileHandler;
class Session extends BaseConfig
{
// ...
public string $driver = 'CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\RedisHandler';
// ...
public string $savePath = 'tcp://localhost:6379';
// ...
}
MemcachedHandler Driver
Note
Since Memcached doesn’t have a locking mechanism exposed, locks for this driver are emulated by a separate value that is kept for up to 300 seconds.
The ‘MemcachedHandler’ driver is very similar to the ‘RedisHandler’ one in all of its properties, except perhaps for availability, because PHP’s Memcached extension is distributed via PECL and some Linux distributions make it available as an easy to install package.
Other than that, and without any intentional bias towards Redis, there’s not much different to be said about Memcached - it is also a popular product that is usually used for caching and famed for its speed.
However, it is worth noting that the only guarantee given by Memcached is that setting value X to expire after Y seconds will result in it being deleted after Y seconds have passed (but not necessarily that it won’t expire earlier than that time). This happens very rarely, but should be considered as it may result in loss of sessions.
Configure MemcachedHandler
The $savePath
format is fairly straightforward here,
being just a host:port
pair:
<?php
namespace Config;
use CodeIgniter\Config\BaseConfig;
use CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\FileHandler;
class Session extends BaseConfig
{
// ...
public string $driver = 'CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\MemcachedHandler';
// ...
public string $savePath = 'localhost:11211';
// ...
}
Bonus Tip
Multi-server configuration with an optional weight parameter as the
third colon-separated (:weight
) value is also supported, but we have
to note that we haven’t tested if that is reliable.
If you want to experiment with this feature (on your own risk), simply separate the multiple server paths with commas:
<?php
namespace Config;
use CodeIgniter\Config\BaseConfig;
use CodeIgniter\Session\Handlers\FileHandler;
class Session extends BaseConfig
{
// ...
// localhost will be given higher priority (5) here,
// compared to <IP_ADDRESS> with a weight of 1.
public string $savePath = 'localhost:11211:5,<IP_ADDRESS>:11211:1';
// ...
}


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %} Settings Address Details Add A New Address × Address Line 1 Address Line 2 City Zip Code State Country {% for i in range(address|length) %} Address {{i+1}} Line 1: {{address[i].Address_Line1}} Line 2: {{address[i].Address_Line2}} City: {{address[i].City}} State: {{address[i].State}} Zip: {{address[i].Zip}} Country: {{address[i].Country}} {%endfor%} Payment Details Add A New Payment Method × Card Holder Name Card Number Card Expiry Date {% for i in range(payments|length) %} Payment Method {{i+1}} Name: {{payments[i].Card_Name}} Number: {{payments[i].Card_Number}} Expiry Date: {{payments[i].Card_Expiry_Date}} {%endfor%} {% endblock content%}


You Ask We Build
Home
About
Contact
C O M I N G S O O N
We are currently building something cool, join the waiting list. We will keep you posted.
Notify me!


| Author | Matthew Schinkel - borntechi.com, copyright © 2009, all rights reserved. |
| Adapted-by | |
| Compiler | >=2.4n |
This library provides functions for I2C real time clock mcp7940. A nice small RTC with a backup power supply pin to keep time during power outage. 64bytes sram is also kept during power outage.
Works, but not complete. Still need to add procedures to set time and calabrate.
No dependency found
var byte rtc_mcp7940_array[]
const byte _RTC_MCP7940_ADDRESS = 0b11011110
const byte _RTC_MCP7940_WRITE = 0
const byte _RTC_MCP7940_READ = 1
rtc_mem'put(byte in address, byte in data)
rtc_mcp7940_write(byte in address, byte in data)
rtc_mcp7940_select_supply_voltage()
rtc_mcp7940_init()
rtc_week_day'get() return byte
rtc_minute'get() return byte
rtc_mcp7940_read(byte in address) return byte
rtc_mem'get(byte in address) return byte
rtc_month'get() return byte
rtc_hour'get() return byte
rtc_year'get() return word
rtc_day_of_month'get() return byte
rtc_second'get() return byte
var byte rtc_mcp7940_array[]
No documentation found
const byte _RTC_MCP7940_ADDRESS = 0b11011110
No documentation found
const byte _RTC_MCP7940_WRITE = 0
No documentation found
const byte _RTC_MCP7940_READ = 1
No documentation found
rtc_mem'put(byte in address, byte in data)
Write to SRAM memory. SRAM is backed up during power outage if VBAT is connected. There are 64 bytes available.
rtc_mcp7940_write(byte in address, byte in data)
Write data to mcp7940 at input address
rtc_mcp7940_select_supply_voltage()
Use supply voltage, not VBAT battery backup. This must be used after any power outage. Using this procedure will clear the time stamp registers (the time the outage occurred).
rtc_mcp7940_init()
Init mcp7940 (start it's clock)
rtc_week_day'get() return byte
read clock week day (1-7)
rtc_minute'get() return byte
read clock minute
rtc_mcp7940_read(byte in address) return byte
Read data from mcp7940 at input address
rtc_mem'get(byte in address) return byte
Read from SRAM memory. SRAM is backed up during power outage if VBAT is connected. There are 64 bytes available.
rtc_month'get() return byte
read clock month
rtc_hour'get() return byte
read clock hour
rtc_year'get() return word
read clock year
rtc_day_of_month'get() return byte
read day of month
rtc_second'get() return byte
read clock second
| 18f4620 | 18f4620_rtc_mcp7940.jal |


Angular Range of Circularly Distributed Data:
The distribution can either be spread in the range 0° bis 180°, or in the range 0° bis 360°. In the first case we have bipolar data (axes), which point in a direction and in the opposite direction.
In the second case we have polar data with only one direction.


| Faster-Than-Light Standardization Effort | M. Casadevall, Ed. |
| Internet-Draft | Indepedent |
| Intended status: Informational | January 5, 2021 |
| Expires: July 9, 2021 |
Faster-Than-Light Streaming Protocl Specification
draft-ftl-specification-00
With the demise of Microsoft's Mixer, the future of the Faster-Than-Light (FTL) streaming protocol has been left in doubt. As the Internet's first practical subsecond streaming protocol, several successors to Mixer have decided to re-implement FTL from the original SDK and notes. While Mixer's original FTL specification had a de-facto specification in the form of ftl-sdk, the source code was in-complete, and several aspects of the FTL were left undocumented.
In an effort to keep FTL viable and cross-service compatible, this specification denotes a canonical implementation of FTL, handshake protocols, WebRTC notes, and all relevant information as relating to FTL with the hope that FTL may still be continued as a vechile for low latency video streaming over the Internet.
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on July 9, 2021.
Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document.
This specification covers several components of the FTL protocol stream, and is primarily derieved from the implementation used at Mixer and the freely available source code in ftl-sdk. This document details the handshaking protocol known as Charon, the SRTP ingest behaviors, and defines a recommended ingest->endpoint streaming protocol, as well as notes in regards to implementation of the last mile WebRTC connections.
FTL was specifically designed with the following objectives in mind which is must handle at all times.
As originally designed, the following criticera were also kept in mind, although not realized at least during the initial implementation phases.
TBD
TBD
TBD
Charon handles negotiation of RTP streams to Styx, and acts as an out of band signaling method for FTL stream behavior. The Charon connection MUST be kept-alive at all times as a TCP/IP connection on port 8084 (MC: should apply for IANA number). Upon establishment of a CONNECT, a client must send PING messages once every five seconds, or the server MAY time-out the connection.
It is RECOMMENDED that the server wait 10 seconds before assuming that a client has hung and hanging up. PING messages must be responded to with a 201 respond code. The server should send 5XX Timeout message before disconnecting. (Ed: fix this and actually put the client behavior)
If the TCP/IP connection is reset, the broadcaster MUST assume that the ingest point of presence has become unavailable, and begin clean-up and teardown. Likewise, the ingest daemon MUST begin teardown and disregard any UDP traffic from the streamer upon Charon connection loss.
The Charon protocol is built upon ASCII verbs with optional arguments. The lifecycle of this connection under normal circumstances is as follows.
Charon is directly modeled on SMTP commands and response codes. As such, commands take the form of a verb, followed by a three digital response. An example exchange looks as such:
Client: PING\r\n\r\n Server: 201 Ping OK!\r\n\r\n
For legacy reasons, linebreaks in Charon are encoded as '\r\n\r\n' (hex 0x0D0A0D0A), with an unusually complex implementation detail. See the section "On Linebreaks" for more details.
For commands that do not need additional meta-data, the server SHALL process them immediately upon receiving a linebreak, otherwise, a multiline format using RFC822 headers is defined, with the message ended with a single period. Unknown headers MUST be disregarded by the server. This message exchange looks as follows:
Client: CONNECT 1234-myhashhere\r\n\r\n C: Video: true\r\n\r\n C: Audio: true\r\n\r\n C: .\r\n\r\n Server: 200 Send UDP!\r\n\r\n
The Charon protocol does not allow for transmission of binary data without encoding. If necessary, it is RECOMMENDED that binary data base encoded in Base64.
The reference implementation of FTL uses the message signature '\r\n\r\n' as an end of line marker. This is an intentional implementation detail due to an unintentional similarity between FTL's CONNECT message, and the HTTP CONNECT proxy command, and Microsoft discovered that some commercial firewalls would intercept Charon's messages. The original justification was left as this comment in ftl_helpers.c
/* Please note that throughout the code, we send "\r\n\r\n", where a normal newline ("\n") would suffice. This is done due to some firewalls / anti-malware systems not passing our packets through when we don't send those double-windows-newlines. They seem to incorrectly detect our protocol as HTTP. */
A problem however arises that earlier implementations of FTL used "\n" as a newline indicator. While it is unlikely that any of these legacy FTL clients are still in use, clients and ingests must use the following behaviors
Charon servers MUST disregard any empty newline, and treat "\r\n" and "\n" as identical for the purposes of message parsing. In effect, all the following are the same.
CONNECT 1234-hash\n Option1: 1234\n Option2: 1234\n .\n CONNECT 1234-hash\r\n Option1: 1234\r\n Option2: 1234\r\n .\r\n CONNECT 1234-hash\r\n Option1: 1234\r\n\r\n Option2: 1234\r\n\r\n .\r\n\
Charon clients are MUST to use '\r\n\r\n' when transmitting commands over clear text.
TDB
TDB
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


By definition, [1] functional derivative of a functional \(G[f]\) with respect to \(f\) along the ‘direction’ of \(h\) is
As an example, the functional derivative of \(G[f]=\int dx f^n(x)\) \(\delta G[f][h]\) is
Now the problem appears. We have an unknown function \(h\) which makes sense because we haven’t specify a direction of the derivative yet.
For a physicist, the savior of integral is Dirac delta. So we use delta distribution as the direction in the functional derivative of action which is an integral,
It can be ambiguous to just write down \(\delta_y\) without an example. Here is the previous example continued,
It seems that we can just think of \(f\) as a variable then take the ordinary derivative with respect to it. It is NOT true.
Consider such a functional \(G[f]=\int (f'(x))^2 dx\) where ‘ means the derivative of \(f(x)\).
which is not that straightforward to understand from function derivatives.
| [1] | Chapter 15 of Physical Mathematics |
Legendre transformation is NOT just some algebra. Given \(f(x)\) as a function of \(x\), which is shown in blue, we could find the distance between a line \(y=px_i\) and the function value \(f(x_i)\).
However, as we didn’t fix \(x\), this means that the distance
varies according to \(x\). This is a transformation that maps a function \(f(x)\) to some other function \(F(p,x)\) which depends on the parameter \(p\). A more pedagogical way of writing this is
To have a Legendre transformation, let’s choose a relation between \(x\) and \(p\). One choice is to make sure we have a maximum distance given \(p\), which means the \(x\) we choose is the point that makes the slope of \(f(x)\) the same as the line \(y=px\). In the language of math, the condition we require is
which indeed shows that the slope of function and slope of the straight line match eath other at the specified point. Thus we have a relation between \(x\) and \(p\).
Substitute \(x(p)\) back into \(F(p,x)\), we will get the Legendre transformation \(F(p,x(p))\) of \(f(x)\).
Back to the math we learned in undergrad study. A Legendre transformation transforms a function of \(x\) to another function with variable \(\frac{f(x)}{x}\). Using \(f(x)\) and its Legendre transformation \(F(p = p x - f(x(p))\) as an example, we can show that the slope of \(F(p)\) is \(x\),
which is intriging because the slope of \(f(x)\) is \(p\) in our requirement. We removed the dependence of \(x\) in \(F(p)\) because we have this extra constrain.
Let’s Move to Another Level
We require the function \(f(x)\) is convex (second order derivative is not negative ). This is required because otherwise we would NOT have a one on one mapping of \(x\) and \(p\).
One imediately notices the symmety of Legendre transformation on interchanging of F and f.
This graph is taken from this paper Making Sense of the Legendre Transform .
This is the triangle that represents the Legendre transformation.
If we have a slope that vanishes, which means \(f(x)\) is at minimium, then we have the relation
The ultimate trick is to use component form.
One should be able to find the component forms of gradient \(\vec \nabla \cdot\), divergence \(\vec \nabla \times\), Laplace operator, in spherical coordinates, cylindrical coordinates and cartisian coordinates.
© 2017, Lei Ma. | Created with Sphinx and . | On GitHub | Neutrino Notebook Statistical Mechanics Notebook | Index | Page Source


Grocery List
Enter the first item:
Enter the second item:
Enter the third item:
Add to grocery list
List of Grocery Items


| Offerer | Location | Last Login | Trade | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{copy.user.displayName || copy.user.name}} | {{copy.user.email || '-'}} | {{copy.user.location || '-'}} | {{copy.user.lastLogin | date}} |
You have already completed this trade You currently have an ongoing trade with this user. By requesting again, the current trade will be reset |
No offer for this book at the moment


Macker Guide
Home
|
FAQ
|
Download
|
Sourceforge page
|
Contact
Table of Contents
Basic Example
Regular Expressions
Naming and Combining Patterns
Access Rules
Variables and For Each
Filters
Using Macker with Ant
Generating Reports
Examples
First section:
Basic Example


POLA X (director/writer: Léos Carax; screenwriters: Lauren Sedofsky/Jean-Pol Fargeau; cinematographer: Éric Gautier; editor: Nelly Quettier; cast: Katerina Golubeva (Isabelle), Guillaume Depardieu (Pierre), Catherine Deneuve (Marie), Delphine Chuillot (Lucie), Laurent Lucas (Thibault), Petruta Catana (Razerka), Mihaella Silaghi (The Child), Patachou (Margherite), Miguel Yeco (Augusto); Runtime: 134; Winstar Cinema; 1999-France)
Reviewed by Dennis Schwartz
Pola X is a film by the 39-year-old French director Léos Carax (The Lovers on the Bridge), who is noted for being an inspired madman. It is adapted from Herman Melville's 1852 novel Pierre (Pola is the acronym of the French title of Melville's novel, X stands for the tenth draft of the screenplay which writer/director Leos Carax completed). It is a film about madness and excesses, topics that are always fuzzy to portray on the screen. It's set in modern France though it starts out looking like a romantic 19th century literary work, where its background is a rich, idyllic country setting in Normandy of palatial chateaus void of modern traffic. We know it's modern times only because the protagonist rides a motorcycle and uses a computer.
The story is about a pampered, handsome blond young man, Pierre (Guillaume Depardieu, son of Gerard), a wealthy upper-class egotist who has written a best-selling mystery novel under the pseudonym Aladin and lives in his deceased diplomat father's chateau with his mother Marie (Catherine Deneuve).
 Their relationship appears to be either completely innocent of any sexual deviation, or perhaps of a incestuous one.
Pierre's girlfriend is his wealthy, attractive, blonde cousin Lucie (Delphine Chuillot), also a child of an aristocrat, living in close proximity to him in a chalet. They are soon to be married, and their love is brimming with the joy of a storybook romance. Just returning from doing a stint on the Chicago Stock Exchange, is his best-friend and cousin, Thibault (Laurent Lucas), who shows a satanic jealousy that Pierre has what he wants and is taking Lucie away from him. At one point of the conversation between Pierre and him, he refers to them as "the three inseparables," but the other two don't seem to share that same feeling.
Pierre is stalked by someone he mysteriously only sees through the shadows. But he has dreams about this mystery person being very important to him. When he encounters this ghoulish looking women dressed as a peasant, after chasing her down with his motorcycle, she goes into a monologue about being raised in the woods and that she's the secret child of his father's. It turns out she's an eastern European war refugee named Isabelle (Katerina Golubeva), who claims to be his half-sister.  She becomes his muse and his destroyer.  They stay for a while in the Hotel Ahab, located in a seedy part of Paris, where he plans to write another novel using his new found truths he found locked up in himself. But when the young girl is killed after telling a passer-by that he stinks, Pierre and Isabelle make arrangements to live in seclusion among a group of terrorists and guerrilla theater musicians in a huge warehouse in the outskirts of Paris.
This is a unique film, that has an inexplicable brilliance to it that defies reason and its soap opera melodramatics. It is precious film, though parts of it may not be pleasing or deciferable. But there is an intelligence it has about it that should overcome all doubts about its excesses: as the film goes from showing Pierre's change from being a self-indulgent aristocrat to his complete breakdown as a self-indulgent raving lunatic.
REVIEWED ON 5/28/2001 GRADE: B +
Dennis Schwartz: "Ozus' World Movie Reviews"
http://www.sover.net/~ozus
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


{% extends '../layouts/layout-email.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} {{ data.primaryUserFirstName or 'Alice' }} {{ data.primaryUserLastName or 'Smith' }} has invited you to act on their behalf within {{ data.service or 'stepWell' }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
If you accept the invite, you will be able to:
To respond to the invite, you must log in with NHS login.
If you do not have an NHS login, you must:
If you do not want to accept {{ data.primaryUserFirstName or 'Alice' }}'s invite, please ignore this email.
This invite will expire in 7 days.
Contact us if you do not know this person or you think this may be an error.


Dumbledisle Resort
Come stay with us with any of the following arrangements we provide, or supply your own!
Flight
- Hop a flight from your local airport!
Boat
- Travel on a boat from our fleet!
Hogwart's Express
- Take ye olde Hogwart's Express from Platform 9 3/4 across the ocean to our island!
Floo
- Hop in a fireplace with some floo powder and be instantly teleported! (Caution: Results may vary)


flask.ctx
~~~~~~~~~
Implements the objects required to keep the context.
:copyright: (c) 2011 by Armin Ronacher.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
import sys
from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
from .globals import _request_ctx_stack, _app_ctx_stack
from .module import blueprint_is_module
A plain object.
class _AppCtxGlobals(object):
pass
Executes a function after this request. This is useful to modify
def after_this_request(f):
response objects. The function is passed the response object and has to return the same or a new one.
Example::
@app.route('/')
def index():
@after_this_request
def add_header(response):
response.headers['X-Foo'] = 'Parachute'
return response
return 'Hello World!'
This is more useful if a function other than the view function wants to modify a response. For instance think of a decorator that wants to add some headers without converting the return value into a response object.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
_request_ctx_stack.top._after_request_functions.append(f)
return f
If you have code that wants to test if a request context is there or
def has_request_context():
not this function can be used. For instance, you may want to take advantage of request information if the request object is available, but fail silently if it is unavailable.
::
class User(db.Model):
def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None):
self.username = username
if remote_addr is None and has_request_context():
remote_addr = request.remote_addr
self.remote_addr = remote_addr
Alternatively you can also just test any of the context bound objects
(such as :class:request
or :class:g
for truthness)::
class User(db.Model):
def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None):
self.username = username
if remote_addr is None and request:
remote_addr = request.remote_addr
self.remote_addr = remote_addr
.. versionadded:: 0.7
return _request_ctx_stack.top is not None
Works like :func:has_request_context
but for the application
def has_app_context():
context. You can also just do a boolean check on the
:data:current_app
object instead.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
return _app_ctx_stack.top is not None
The application context binds an application object implicitly
class AppContext(object):
to the current thread or greenlet, similar to how the
:class:RequestContext
binds request information. The application
context is also implicitly created if a request context is created
but the application is not on top of the individual application
context.
def __init__(self, app):
self.app = app
self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(None)
self.g = app.app_ctx_globals_class()
Like request context, app contexts can be pushed multiple times but there a basic "refcount" is enough to track them.
self._refcnt = 0
Binds the app context to the current context.
def push(self):
self._refcnt += 1
_app_ctx_stack.push(self)
Pops the app context.
def pop(self, exc=None):
self._refcnt -= 1
if self._refcnt <= 0:
if exc is None:
exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc)
rv = _app_ctx_stack.pop()
assert rv is self, 'Popped wrong app context. (%r instead of %r)' \
% (rv, self)
def __enter__(self):
self.push()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
self.pop(exc_value)
The request context contains all request relevant information. It is
class RequestContext(object):
created at the beginning of the request and pushed to the
_request_ctx_stack
and removed at the end of it. It will create the
URL adapter and request object for the WSGI environment provided.
Do not attempt to use this class directly, instead use
:meth:~flask.Flask.test_request_context
and
:meth:~flask.Flask.request_context
to create this object.
When the request context is popped, it will evaluate all the
functions registered on the application for teardown execution
(:meth:~flask.Flask.teardown_request
).
The request context is automatically popped at the end of the request
for you. In debug mode the request context is kept around if
exceptions happen so that interactive debuggers have a chance to
introspect the data. With 0.4 this can also be forced for requests
that did not fail and outside of DEBUG
mode. By setting
'flask._preserve_context'
to True
on the WSGI environment the
context will not pop itself at the end of the request. This is used by
the :meth:~flask.Flask.test_client
for example to implement the
deferred cleanup functionality.
You might find this helpful for unittests where you need the
information from the context local around for a little longer. Make
sure to properly :meth:~werkzeug.LocalStack.pop
the stack yourself in
that situation, otherwise your unittests will leak memory.
def __init__(self, app, environ):
self.app = app
self.request = app.request_class(environ)
self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(self.request)
self.flashes = None
self.session = None
Request contexts can be pushed multiple times and interleaved with other request contexts. Now only if the last level is popped we get rid of them. Additionally if an application context is missing one is created implicitly so for each level we add this information
self._implicit_app_ctx_stack = []
indicator if the context was preserved. Next time another context is pushed the preserved context is popped.
self.preserved = False
Functions that should be executed after the request on the response object. These will be called before the regular "after_request" functions.
self._after_request_functions = []
self.match_request()
XXX: Support for deprecated functionality. This is going away with Flask 1.0
blueprint = self.request.blueprint
if blueprint is not None:
better safe than sorry, we don't want to break code that already worked
bp = app.blueprints.get(blueprint)
if bp is not None and blueprint_is_module(bp):
self.request._is_old_module = True
def _get_g(self):
return _app_ctx_stack.top.g
def _set_g(self, value):
_app_ctx_stack.top.g = value
g = property(_get_g, _set_g)
del _get_g, _set_g
Can be overridden by a subclass to hook into the matching
def match_request(self):
of the request.
try:
url_rule, self.request.view_args = \
self.url_adapter.match(return_rule=True)
self.request.url_rule = url_rule
except HTTPException, e:
self.request.routing_exception = e
Binds the request context to the current context.
def push(self):
If an exception ocurrs in debug mode or if context preservation is activated under exception situations exactly one context stays on the stack. The rationale is that you want to access that information under debug situations. However if someone forgets to pop that context again we want to make sure that on the next push it's invalidated, otherwise we run at risk that something leaks memory. This is usually only a problem in testsuite since this functionality is not active in production environments.
top = _request_ctx_stack.top
if top is not None and top.preserved:
top.pop()
Before we push the request context we have to ensure that there is an application context.
app_ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
if app_ctx is None or app_ctx.app != self.app:
app_ctx = self.app.app_context()
app_ctx.push()
self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(app_ctx)
else:
self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(None)
_request_ctx_stack.push(self)
Open the session at the moment that the request context is
available. This allows a custom open_session method to use the
request context (e.g. code that access database information
stored on g
instead of the appcontext).
self.session = self.app.open_session(self.request)
if self.session is None:
self.session = self.app.make_null_session()
Pops the request context and unbinds it by doing that. This will
def pop(self, exc=None):
also trigger the execution of functions registered by the
:meth:~flask.Flask.teardown_request
decorator.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9
Added the exc
argument.
app_ctx = self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.pop()
clear_request = False
if not self._implicit_app_ctx_stack:
self.preserved = False
if exc is None:
exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
self.app.do_teardown_request(exc)
clear_request = True
rv = _request_ctx_stack.pop()
assert rv is self, 'Popped wrong request context. (%r instead of %r)' \
% (rv, self)
get rid of circular dependencies at the end of the request so that we don't require the GC to be active.
if clear_request:
rv.request.environ['werkzeug.request'] = None
Get rid of the app as well if necessary.
if app_ctx is not None:
app_ctx.pop(exc)
def __enter__(self):
self.push()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
do not pop the request stack if we are in debug mode and an exception happened. This will allow the debugger to still access the request object in the interactive shell. Furthermore the context can be force kept alive for the test client. See flask.testing for how this works.
if self.request.environ.get('flask._preserve_context') or \
(tb is not None and self.app.preserve_context_on_exception):
self.preserved = True
else:
self.pop(exc_value)
def __repr__(self):
return '<%s \'%s\' [%s] of %s>' % (
self.__class__.__name__,
self.request.url,
self.request.method,
self.app.name
)


BASEKETBALL A film review by Matt Williams
RATING: * * 1/2* out of * * * *
The first film to take advantage of the South Park craze has hit the big screens. Starring the creators of Comedy Central's crudely funny animated show, BASEketball is a hamhanded attempt to merge their brand of offbeat insult humor with the zany gags that have been a trademark of director David Zucker. Surprisingly, the alliance actually works, creating a movie that, while not for all tastes, has moments of genuine hilarity.
The new sport baseketball gets its start as the brainchild of two friends, Coop (Trey Parker), and Remer (Matt Stone). Making up rules on the spot, the two merge baseball and basketball, removing all sense of athleticism while adding a heaping dose of trash talking. The end result is enjoyed by Coop and Remer and several of their neighbors, including Kenny "Squeak" Scolari (Dian Bachar).
However, things take off when the wealthy Theodore Denslow (Ernest Borgnine), enjoying the freshness and innocence of the new sport, creates a national league. Within five years, the new sport has become a national craze, but can it live up to its idealism?
One man, owner Baxter Cain (Robert Vaughn), seeks to spoil the sport. Will his desire for higher profits lead to the corruption and downfall of baseketball? And can Theodore Denslow's trophy wife, Yvette (Jenny McCarthy), be up to any good? At least Coop & Remer's love interest, Jenna (Yasmine Bleeth), seems to be on the side of goodwill...or is she?
Fans of South Park are obviously the film's intended primary audience, and said fans are likely to have a blast here. (Though, the film only resorts to using South Park voices twice.) However, if the South Park brand humor doesn't particularly strike your fancy, BASEketball isn't likely to convert you.
The film expends most of its gags on its insult humor, applied when the teams attempt to "psych out" their opponents. The result is a mixed bag, with some of the psych-outs being genuinely funny, others landing with a dull thud. The film is actually better when it aims its comical eye elsewhere: such as at the excesses of pro sports.
The film's plot is a letdown, constructed merely as a loose framework for gags and jokes. There's hardly an unanticipated step in the film. Even in the sporting scenes, you never are made to care who wins or loses... it's all done for the gags.
Vulgar and gross, the film never rises above low comedy. But at times, the low comedy really shines. It's never as consistent as There's Something About Mary, and its laughs are rarely as intense, but it does have its fair share of them.
BASEketball should please it's target audience. If simply hearing about this film makes you want to go see it, then this is likely for you. For those with second thoughts, this one can easily wait until video.
Copyright 1998 Matt Williams
- Matt Williams<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Reviewer for Cinematter: http://www.cinematter.com Home of over 500 reviews, and information on over 600 upcoming releases
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Offline Page
This page is offline! You won't see a dinosaur but this handcrafted page by
@computistic
whenever you are offline.


Researchers at Stanford University gathered data on more than 60 million police stops in the United States, revealing disparities in the way officers treat minority motorists.
Does a similar bias exist in Maryland, where the population is one of the most racially and socioeconomically diverse in the nation?
Who gets stopped?
The racial breakdown of who police pulled over in Maryland roughly reflects the state population.
Maryland population compared to stopped motorists
However, year-over-year data appears to show an increase in the percentage of stops with black motorists.
Percent of stopped motorists who were black
Why do people get stopped?
Initial violations leading to the police stops shows that black and Hispanic motorists are about twice as likely than other ethnicities to be pulled over for equipment violations.
However, only three percent of the violations were equipment-related. Overall, there were no huge disparities between black, Hispanic and white motorists.
Asian motorists had the highest rate of speeding and safe movement violations.
Violations
Who gets searched and why?
The data shows black and Hispanic motorists are the most likely to have their vehicle searched. Black motorists are searched at nearly twice the rate of white and Asian motorists.
Percent of stops resulting in a search
According to the data, 45 percent of searches conducted on Hispanic motorists were incident to the arrest. In other words, these are counting searches occurring after an arrest. Black motorists have the lowest rate of incident to arrest searches at 22%.
This statistic is flipped for searches conducted for probable cause. Black motorists were searched far more often for probable cause while Hispanic motorists have the lowest rate for probable cause.
Searches for probable cause
Who's found with contraband?
Although black and Hispanic motorists are searched most often, white and Asian drivers were more likely to have contraband when searched.
Contraband chart
This figure is at odds with national statistics analyzed by Stanford researchers. In the U.S., officers find contraband at similar rates between black and white drivers
The gap grows larger when filtering for searches officers conducted for probable cause.
Contraband probable cause
The figures for Asian and Hispanic motorists are prone to error due to the sample sizes, but the difference is clear for black and white motorists in Maryland.
Stanford researchers warn that this is not a guaranteed sign of discriminatory behavior, as many unseen factors may skew the data.
What was the outcome?
Hispanic and black motorists were most likely to have their stop result in an arrest.
White motorists were least likely to receive a citation and most likely to leave with a warning.
Stop outcomes for:
0.6
percent arrested
39.9
percent citation
10.5
percent repair order
49.0
percent warning
Sample size: 944,728
Caveats
Etiam id nisl nisl.
Pellentesque scelerisque faucibus placerat. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas.
Sed posuere, nibh posuere suscipit sodales, elit odio dapibus eros, eget luctus nisi velit non orci.
Quisque ac luctus nunc, id lacinia orci. Donec suscipit lorem ac justo pulvinar, ut mattis massa viverra.
Nam ornare sodales tellus quis condimentum.
Etiam laoreet tempus libero, et pharetra mi consequat id.
Vivamus eget dui hendrerit, vehicula nibh in, dictum est.


We're sorry but Schedule-Generator-PHP doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.


Thinking To Turn Vegan? Sahher Bambba Has A SPECIAL Message For You
Sahher also feels better as a person after turning vegan.
by IANS“Pal Pal Dil Ke Pass” actress Sahher Bambba has turned vegan. She calls it her “best decision”.
“I turned vegan a few months ago and I think it is the best decision I have made. I was vegetarian for the longest time but being vegan is a lifestyle so rich in nutrients while being extremely light on the stomach. I am now more aware of what goes into my body and how that changes the way I look and feel from within and outside,” she said.
 There are so many athletes in this country and outside who are vegans. They need lots of protein every day and they achieve it while following a vegan diet,” she added.
Sahher also feels better as a person after turning vegan.
“The feeling of having clean food takes care of my mental as well as physical well-being,” she said.


222 Suspend propagation processing. When propagation is suspended, calls to propagate do not proceed, instead a propagate call is deferred until a matching resumePropagate is called.
POSSIBLE OPTIMIZATION (need to benchmark) instead of the separate map for visited data
const visitedAt = new Map<this, number>()
store the number in the node itself (as non-enumerable symbol property)
Generated using TypeDoc
Resume propagation. If propagation is resumed (calls may be nested which increments a suspension counter), then if a call to propagate was made during suspension, propagate is executed.


| stargazer_table_layout_characters {stargazer} | R Documentation |
The following character strings can be used in the table.layout
and omit.table.layout
arguments of the stargazer
command.
"-" | single horizontal line |
"=" | double horizontal line |
"-!" | mandatory single horizontal line |
"=!" | mandatory double horizontal line |
"l" | dependent variable caption |
"d" | dependent variable labels |
"m" | model label |
"c" | column labels |
"#" | model numbers |
"b" | object names |
"t" | coefficient table |
"o" | omitted coefficient indicators |
"a" | additional lines |
"n" | notes |
"s" | model statistics |


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load static otree %} {% block styles %} {% endblock %} {% block title %}{% if is_trial %} OT: 12-Round Test Game {% else %} GAME: {{ current_month }} Investment {% endif %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Before we proceed, we’ll ask you to play a 12-round test game with simulated random feedback so that you can get familiar with the the setup of the game, the slider tool with which you can invest your energy tokens.
{% endif%}Click on the slider to get a handle with which to choose any value between 0 and 10.
0 10


HackNC is all about creating opportunities for you to become a better programmer, inventor, and team member.
Web development (or web dev) refers to the tools used to develop a website to put on the web. This includes HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, Ruby, and much more. Web dev makes the internet fun, so take a look at the following links to become a web guru!
The Mozilla Developer Network (MDN) is one of the most popular resources for web developer on the web. It is a network of easily readable documentation on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, graphics, API's and more. The site also includes tutorials on HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
If you're looking for more of a tutorial on web dev, this site is great! Aimed towards beginers, Learn to Code HTML and CSS takes you step by step through the basics.
If you have nowhere else to turn, W3 schools will always pop up in a Google search. Their information is beginner friendly but not always the most accurate. Take it with a grain of salt.
Virtual reality, besides being super cool, has many awesome applications. It is used in gaming, military, healthcare, education, sports, and many other areas.
Programming for Oculus is greatly simplified by using Unity Pro. The pro version costs quite a lot but you can get a 14-day trial for free!
This article includes videos on six cool ways that virtual reality is impacting the world, including treating children with autism and allowing surgeons to practice techniques before operating on patients.
This article presents ten very cool projects done with the Oculus Rift, a virtual reality head-mounted display. These projects include using the Rift to give medical students a first person view of surgery, and how NASA is working on using the Rift to move robots in space.
Java is an object-oriented language designed for almost any platform you can think of. If you're just starting out with programming there might be simpler ways to get started but learning Java will provide you with a fundamental understanding of the object-oriented programming paradigm.
For easy to understand tutorials on specific aspects of the Java language, the official Java tutorials are a great starting point.
This alternative to the Java Tutorials will help you learn the basics of programming in Java. It starts with setting up your environment and fundamentals of programming. If you want to learn more there are pages on advanced topics like multithreading and networking.
You can develop for Android with Java, so those of you who know it have a head start! Even if you don't know Java, making an Android app can be fun and easy, and in the end you will have an awesome working app! Here are tutorials on Android development.
The official Android tutorials. They go through the works from setting up your workspace through building a UI.
For another opinion on how to do Android, check out this article. They give the different ways to develop Android apps and include more resources for developers.
Want your apps on the Apple App Store? Look no further than iOS development. iOS apps are created using Objective-C or Swift, which recently became open source. You must have a Mac and XCode to build apps for iOS.
Download XCode to get started. Xcode provides everything you need to create great applications for Mac, iPhone, and iPad.
Learn how to build a note-taking app through Apple's official tutorials.
Read Apple's documentation on Objective-C if you get stuck with programming language problems.
This quick tutorial from Apple quickly goes over the basics of Swift and includes a language reference.
By usage, Windows has the largest marketshare of any OS. Learning to make apps for Windows might be a worthwhile investment. It's really easy with their newest tools too!
Talk to Joshua J. Bakita, Microsoft Student Partner for more information on Azure.
Talk to Joshua J. Bakita, Microsoft Student Partner for more information on VSO.
Talk to Joshua J. Bakita, Microsoft Student Partner for more information on making Windows Apps.


--- layout: post title: Futuroscope date: '2015-10-05T18:30:45+02:00' categories: - Storyboards picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/130580409163 ---


{{ vehicle.type }}
Location
Color
Brand
Date added
{% extends 'layouts/main.html' %} {% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html' as wtf %} {% set active_page = "vehicles" %} {% block app_content %} {% if current_user.is_active %}
You are logged in as {{ current_user.username }}. As a registered user, you can add a new vehicle.
{% endif %}


I haven’t yet tried any techniques in real life yet but I found the idea of making tough decisions with kindness and empathy interesting. The way we conduct ourselves in situations like this can affect us and our interests in the short and log term.
I did get to use empathic listening a few days ago at work, we have a new lady learning our computer system and I was helping her out. When I was going through it with her, I took myself back to those overwhelming, nervous, unconfident feelings I felt when I started using the computer systems. It allowed me to relate to her, show empathy and I think she appreciated that.
Approaching the meditation from a position of equality, with both yourself and your partner, allowed a positive and nonjudgemental experience. I really liked the quote in the chapter “This person wishes to be happy, just like me!”


About
Hi! My name is CJ. I am a programmer and sound-designer.
I’ve always had a deep emotional connection with music, and was fortunate to have the opportunity to self teach guitar from an early age. I attended two years of college for music production, which covered midi, studio operation, audio engineering, music fundamentals, and piano.
During my time in school, searching for my production style, I discovered a love for synthesis. I found myself immersed in the UK bass music production scene, following artists like KOAN Sound and Joe Ford. I saw an ocean of difference between the UK sounds and the American EDM that my peers listened to, and saw an opportunity to contribute something new to the scene.
Over the last eight years, I invested many thousands of hours exploring synthesis, and invested all of my earnings into learning sound-design from established professionals. I realized early on that my own learning would be infinite, as the craft is never ending. So to better support continued learning, I took to teaching sound-design/synthesis one-on-one.
I created this blog to talk about and demonstrate sound-design and synthesis. I will also have a series of posts that deal with software/hardware reviews, and genre education. My hope is that exposure to this information will propel readers to find a strong desire for mastery in this field.
As for programming.. I have experience in web design and app design, using React, React-Native, Javascript, AWS, and others. I am mentored and self taught, but about to start a structured education at a bootcamp. My portfolio is small because I have focused all of my energy on the app project which can be found at my GitHub. There you will find the front end of the ScreenCache app, and the AWS back end. I am currently open to employment offers.


AutoMart.com
Sell A Car
Sign in
sell your vehicle
Your Car Details
make
model
manufacturer
condition
price
Your Pictures
Upload Your Pictures
CHOOSE A FILE
Upload
No file choose, yet
CHOOSE A FILE
Upload
No file choose, yet
CHOOSE A FILE
Upload
No file choose, yet
CHOOSE A FILE
Upload
No file choose, yet
Contact
Name
Location
Phone Number
submit


Drones
Released: 8th June 2015
Tracks: 12
Length: 52:40
Tracklist
- Dead Inside – 4:23
- Drill Sergeant – 0:21
- Psycho – 5:16
- Mercy – 3:51
- Reapers – 5:59
- The Handler – 4:33
- JFK – 0:54
- Defector – 4:32
- Revolt – 4:05
- Aftermath – 5:48
- The Globalist – 10:07
- Drones – 2:51


Toggle navigation
J.J.C Design
Gallery
Team
Contact
Welcome To Our Workshop!
It's Nice To Meet You
Our work
Gallery
A story about love lasts forever
Jewelry
Home Décor
Shrinker
Drift Bottle
Accessories
Paper-cut
Designer
Jenny
Hi! Welcome to my aesthetic fairy tale world~
There are many original ideas in our workshop.
We make them into the amazing jewelleries and decorations through polymer clay, shrinky dinks, artistic wire and resin.
Hope our stuff make you happy. Enjoy!
{{item.title}}
{{item.title}}
{{item.title}}


Odom, Mel
- o Lethal Interface
O'Donohoe, Nick
- o Too too solid flesh
Olsen, Lance
- o William Gibson
- overview of William Gibson's works & cyberpunk phenomenon.
Omniaveritas, Vincent
- o (see Sterling, Bruce)
Ore, Rebecca
- o The illegal rebirth of billy the kid
Orwell, George
- o 1984
- Big Brother holds control over the populace through observation,
heavy-handedness, and fear in a world where information and personal
relations are always suspect.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Sander van Zoest
Send suggestions, comments, etc. to <cyberpunk@replicant.net>


# --------------------------------------------------------
# (c) Copyright 2014, 2020 by Jason DeLaat.
# Licensed under BSD 3-clause licence.
# --------------------------------------------------------
""" Implements the Monad base class.
The Monad base class is an abstract class which defines the operations
available on all monad instances. To create a new Monad instance,
users should create a class which inherits from Monad and provides
implementations for the methods map, amap, bind, and class method
insert. See the documentation for those methods for more information on
how to implement them properly.
"""
from typing import Callable, Generic, TypeVar, Union
S = TypeVar("S") # pylint: disable=invalid-name
T = TypeVar("T") # pylint: disable=invalid-name
[docs]class Monad(Generic[T]):
"""
Represents a "context" in which calculations can be executed.
You won't create 'Monad' instances directly. Instead, sub-classes implement
specific contexts. Monads allow you to bind together a series of calculations
while maintaining the context of that specific monad.
"""
def __init__(self, value, monoid):
""" Initializes the internal values of the monad instance.
All monads can be expressed as a tuple, (a, m). Representing
all monads internally in this canonical form allows for some
interesting effects such as easily aliasing existing monads
instances and, if desired, adding operators. Occasionally it
also makes implementation of the monad methods itself easier.
Args:
value: if we think of monads as storing some data of
interest plus some 'meta data', then 'value' is the data of
interest. Exactly what 'value' is/means will depend on the
specific context of the monad in question.
monoid: this is the 'meta data' part. While implementers may
use an instance of the Monoid class here it is not
required. However, the value passed in here should be a type
that can be treated as a monoid, such as integers; strings;
lists; etc., in order to ensure that the monad laws are
obeyed. This is not enforced but it will result in an
incorrect implementation.
"""
self.value = value
self.monoid = monoid
[docs] @classmethod
def apply(cls, function):
""" Supplies a cleaner interface for applicative functor/amap usage.
Args:
function: A regular function which returns non-monadic values.
Returns:
A monad object based on the input class with the wrapped
function and a new method, 'to_arguments' which will apply
the function.
Example:
>>> @curry(2)
>>> def add(a, b): return a + b
>>>
>>> x = Just(1)
>>> y = Just(2)
>>>
>>> Maybe.apply(add).to_arguments(x, y) # results in Just(3)
"""
class _Applicative(cls):
""" An internal class which provides the 'to_arguments' method. """
amap = cls.amap
bind = cls.bind
insert = cls.insert
map = cls.map
@staticmethod
def to_arguments(*args):
""" Applies arguments to the function wrapped by the call to the apply method.
Args:
*args: a variable number of arguments to be supplied
to the function wrapped by a previous call to the
'apply method.
Returns:
A monadic value of type 'cls'
"""
result = cls.insert(function)
for arg in args:
result = result.amap(arg)
return cls(result.value, result.monoid)
return _Applicative(None, None) # We don't actually care about the inputs here
[docs] @classmethod
def insert(cls, value: T) -> "Monad[T]":
""" Returns an instance of the Functor with 'value' in a minimum context. """
raise NotImplementedError
[docs] def amap(self: "Monad[Callable[[S], T]]", monad_value: "Monad[S]") -> "Monad[T]":
""" Applies the function stored in the functor to the value inside 'functor_value'
returning a new functor value.
"""
return monad_value.map(self.value)
[docs] def bind(
self: "Monad[S]", kleisli_function: Callable[[S], "Monad[T]"]
) -> "Monad[T]":
""" Applies 'function' to the result of a previous monadic calculation. """
raise NotImplementedError
[docs] def map(self: "Monad[S]", function: Callable[[S], T]) -> "Monad[T]":
""" Applies 'function' to the contents of the functor and returns a new functor value. """
raise NotImplementedError("'fmap' not defined.")
[docs] def then(
self: "Monad[S]", function: Union[Callable[[S], T], Callable[[S], "Monad[T]"]]
) -> "Monad[T]":
""" Combines the functionality of bind and fmap.
Instead of worrying about whether to use bind or fmap,
users can just use the then method to chain function
calls together. The then method uses attempts to use
bind first and if that doesn't work, uses fmap
instead.
Args:
function: A python function or lambda expression
which returns either a build-in type (int, string,
etc.) or an appropriate monad type (Maybe, Either,
etc.)
Returns:
A monad value of the same type as 'self'
"""
try:
result = self.bind(function)
if isinstance(result, Monad): # pylint: disable=no-else-return
return result
else:
return self.map(function)
except AttributeError:
return self.map(function)
[docs]class MonadAlias(Monad[T]):
""" Provides monad method overrides which make it easy to give a monad an alias.
MonadAlias provides monad methods which call their base class but
then re-cast the result into the alias class. This gives users a
mechanism to give monads more semantically meaningful names
without needing to re-implement them.
Example:
>>> class Option(MonadAlias, Maybe): # MonadAlias must be the first parent class
>>> def __repr__(self):
>>> return f'Some {self.value}' if self.monoid else 'Nothing'
>>> def Some(value):
>>> return Option(value, True)
>>> # Nothing = Nothing, we don't need to change that one.
Functions which have been previously defined to work with the base
type, Maybe in this case, work transparently with the aliased type
without needing to be re-written.
Example:
>>> def add_1(x): return Just(x + 1) # Written for the Maybe monad.
>>> opt_val = Option.insert(1).then(add_1) # Result: Some(2)
"""
[docs] @classmethod
def insert(cls, value):
result = super().insert(value)
return cls(result.value, result.monoid)
[docs] def amap(self, monad_value):
result = super().amap(monad_value)
return self.__class__(result.value, result.monoid)
[docs] def bind(self, kleisli_function):
result = super().bind(kleisli_function)
return self.__class__(result.value, result.monoid)
[docs] def map(self, function):
result = super().map(function)
return self.__class__(result.value, result.monoid)
[docs] def then(self, function):
result = super().then(function)
return self.__class__(result.value, result.monoid)


RRD matrix by frontend groups
[
Status
|
Browse
|
Group Graphs
]
Groups
RRD
Status_Attributes
Update
Javascript needed for this page to work
RRD file
None
Powered by
RRDTool
,
JavascriptRRD
and
Flot
.


foo bar baz wumpus blockquote inside a blockquote > what about this? more stuff
blockquote inside a blockquote
> what about this? more stuff