Request is designed to be the simplest way possible to make http calls. It supports HTTPS and follows redirects by default.
var request = require('request');
request('http://www.google.com', function (error, response, body) {
console.log('error:', error); // Print the error if one occurred
console.log('statusCode:', response && response.statusCode); // Print the response status code if a response was received
console.log('body:', body); // Print the HTML for the Google homepage.
});
Request also offers convenience methods like
request.defaults
and request.post
, and there are
lots of usage examples and several
debugging techniques.
You can stream any response to a file stream.
request('http://google.com/doodle.png').pipe(fs.createWriteStream('doodle.png'))
You can also stream a file to a PUT or POST request. This method will also check the file extension against a mapping of file extensions to content-types (in this case application/json
) and use the proper content-type
in the PUT request (if the headers don’t already provide one).
fs.createReadStream('file.json').pipe(request.put('http://mysite.com/obj.json'))
Request can also pipe
to itself. When doing so, content-type
and content-length
are preserved in the PUT headers.
request.get('http://google.com/img.png').pipe(request.put('http://mysite.com/img.png'))
Request emits a "response" event when a response is received. The response
argument will be an instance of http.IncomingMessage.
request
.get('http://google.com/img.png')
.on('response', function(response) {
console.log(response.statusCode) // 200
console.log(response.headers['content-type']) // 'image/png'
})
.pipe(request.put('http://mysite.com/img.png'))
To easily handle errors when streaming requests, listen to the error
event before piping:
request
.get('http://mysite.com/doodle.png')
.on('error', function(err) {
console.log(err)
})
.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('doodle.png'))
Now let’s get fancy.
http.createServer(function (req, resp) {
if (req.url === '/doodle.png') {
if (req.method === 'PUT') {
req.pipe(request.put('http://mysite.com/doodle.png'))
} else if (req.method === 'GET' || req.method === 'HEAD') {
request.get('http://mysite.com/doodle.png').pipe(resp)
}
}
})
You can also pipe()
from http.ServerRequest
instances, as well as to http.ServerResponse
instances. The HTTP method, headers, and entity-body data will be sent. Which means that, if you don't really care about security, you can do:
http.createServer(function (req, resp) {
if (req.url === '/doodle.png') {
var x = request('http://mysite.com/doodle.png')
req.pipe(x)
x.pipe(resp)
}
})
And since pipe()
returns the destination stream in ≥ Node 0.5.x you can do one line proxying. :)
req.pipe(request('http://mysite.com/doodle.png')).pipe(resp)
Also, none of this new functionality conflicts with requests previous features, it just expands them.
var r = request.defaults({'proxy':'http://localproxy.com'})
http.createServer(function (req, resp) {
if (req.url === '/doodle.png') {
r.get('http://google.com/doodle.png').pipe(resp)
}
})
You can still use intermediate proxies, the requests will still follow HTTP forwards, etc.
request
supports application/x-www-form-urlencoded
and multipart/form-data
form uploads. For multipart/related
refer to the multipart
API.
URL-encoded forms are simple.
request.post('http://service.com/upload', {form:{key:'value'}})
// or
request.post('http://service.com/upload').form({key:'value'})
// or
request.post({url:'http://service.com/upload', form: {key:'value'}}, function(err,httpResponse,body){ /* ... */ })
For multipart/form-data
we use the form-data library by @felixge. For the most cases, you can pass your upload form data via the formData
option.
var formData = {
// Pass a simple key-value pair
my_field: 'my_value',
// Pass data via Buffers
my_buffer: new Buffer([1, 2, 3]),
// Pass data via Streams
my_file: fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/unicycle.jpg'),
// Pass multiple values /w an Array
attachments: [
fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/attachment1.jpg'),
fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/attachment2.jpg')
],
// Pass optional meta-data with an 'options' object with style: {value: DATA, options: OPTIONS}
// Use case: for some types of streams, you'll need to provide "file"-related information manually.
// See the `form-data` README for more information about options: https://github.com/form-data/form-data
custom_file: {
value: fs.createReadStream('/dev/urandom'),
options: {
filename: 'topsecret.jpg',
contentType: 'image/jpeg'
}
}
};
request.post({url:'http://service.com/upload', formData: formData}, function optionalCallback(err, httpResponse, body) {
if (err) {
return console.error('upload failed:', err);
}
console.log('Upload successful! Server responded with:', body);
});
For advanced cases, you can access the form-data object itself via r.form()
. This can be modified until the request is fired on the next cycle of the event-loop. (Note that this calling form()
will clear the currently set form data for that request.)
// NOTE: Advanced use-case, for normal use see 'formData' usage above
var r = request.post('http://service.com/upload', function optionalCallback(err, httpResponse, body) {...})
var form = r.form();
form.append('my_field', 'my_value');
form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer([1, 2, 3]));
form.append('custom_file', fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/unicycle.jpg'), {filename: 'unicycle.jpg'});
See the form-data README for more information & examples.
Some variations in different HTTP implementations require a newline/CRLF before, after, or both before and after the boundary of a multipart/related
request (using the multipart option). This has been observed in the .NET WebAPI version 4.0. You can turn on a boundary preambleCRLF or postamble by passing them as true
to your request options.
request({
method: 'PUT',
preambleCRLF: true,
postambleCRLF: true,
uri: 'http://service.com/upload',
multipart: [
{
'content-type': 'application/json',
body: JSON.stringify({foo: 'bar', _attachments: {'message.txt': {follows: true, length: 18, 'content_type': 'text/plain' }}})
},
{ body: 'I am an attachment' },
{ body: fs.createReadStream('image.png') }
],
// alternatively pass an object containing additional options
multipart: {
chunked: false,
data: [
{
'content-type': 'application/json',
body: JSON.stringify({foo: 'bar', _attachments: {'message.txt': {follows: true, length: 18, 'content_type': 'text/plain' }}})
},
{ body: 'I am an attachment' }
]
}
},
function (error, response, body) {
if (error) {
return console.error('upload failed:', error);
}
console.log('Upload successful! Server responded with:', body);
})
request.get('http://some.server.com/').auth('username', 'password', false);
// or
request.get('http://some.server.com/', {
'auth': {
'user': 'username',
'pass': 'password',
'sendImmediately': false
}
});
// or
request.get('http://some.server.com/').auth(null, null, true, 'bearerToken');
// or
request.get('http://some.server.com/', {
'auth': {
'bearer': 'bearerToken'
}
});
If passed as an option, auth
should be a hash containing values:
user
|| username
pass
|| password
sendImmediately
(optional)bearer
(optional)The method form takes parameters
auth(username, password, sendImmediately, bearer)
.
sendImmediately
defaults to true
, which causes a basic or bearer
authentication header to be sent. If sendImmediately
is false
, then
request
will retry with a proper authentication header after receiving a
401
response from the server (which must contain a WWW-Authenticate
header
indicating the required authentication method).
Note that you can also specify basic authentication using the URL itself, as
detailed in RFC 1738. Simply pass the
user:password
before the host with an @
sign:
var username = 'username',
password = 'password',
url = 'http://' + username + ':' + password +<EMAIL_ADDRESS>request({url: url}, function (error, response, body) {
// Do more stuff with 'body' here
});
Digest authentication is supported, but it only works with sendImmediately
set to false
; otherwise request
will send basic authentication on the
initial request, which will probably cause the request to fail.
Bearer authentication is supported, and is activated when the bearer
value is
available. The value may be either a String
or a Function
returning a
String
. Using a function to supply the bearer token is particularly useful if
used in conjunction with defaults
to allow a single function to supply the
last known token at the time of sending a request, or to compute one on the fly.
HTTP Headers, such as User-Agent
, can be set in the options
object.
In the example below, we call the github API to find out the number
of stars and forks for the request repository. This requires a
custom User-Agent
header as well as https.
var request = require('request');
var options = {
url: 'https://api.github.com/repos/request/request',
headers: {
'User-Agent': 'request'
}
};
function callback(error, response, body) {
if (!error && response.statusCode == 200) {
var info = JSON.parse(body);
console.log(info.stargazers_count + " Stars");
console.log(info.forks_count + " Forks");
}
}
request(options, callback);
OAuth version 1.0 is supported. The default signing algorithm is HMAC-SHA1:
// OAuth1.0 - 3-legged server side flow (Twitter example)
// step 1
var qs = require('querystring')
, oauth =
{ callback: 'http://mysite.com/callback/'
, consumer_key: CONSUMER_KEY
, consumer_secret: CONSUMER_SECRET
}
, url = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token'
;
request.post({url:url, oauth:oauth}, function (e, r, body) {
// Ideally, you would take the body in the response
// and construct a URL that a user clicks on (like a sign in button).
// The verifier is only available in the response after a user has
// verified with twitter that they are authorizing your app.
// step 2
var req_data = qs.parse(body)
var uri = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authenticate'
+ '?' + qs.stringify({oauth_token: req_data.oauth_token})
// redirect the user to the authorize uri
// step 3
// after the user is redirected back to your server
var auth_data = qs.parse(body)
, oauth =
{ consumer_key: CONSUMER_KEY
, consumer_secret: CONSUMER_SECRET
, token: auth_data.oauth_token
, token_secret: req_data.oauth_token_secret
, verifier: auth_data.oauth_verifier
}
, url = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token'
;
request.post({url:url, oauth:oauth}, function (e, r, body) {
// ready to make signed requests on behalf of the user
var perm_data = qs.parse(body)
, oauth =
{ consumer_key: CONSUMER_KEY
, consumer_secret: CONSUMER_SECRET
, token: perm_data.oauth_token
, token_secret: perm_data.oauth_token_secret
}
, url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/users/show.json'
, qs =
{ screen_name: perm_data.screen_name
, user_id: perm_data.user_id
}
;
request.get({url:url, oauth:oauth, qs:qs, json:true}, function (e, r, user) {
console.log(user)
})
})
})
For RSA-SHA1 signing, make the following changes to the OAuth options object:
signature_method : 'RSA-SHA1'
consumer_secret
, specify a private_key
string in
PEM formatFor PLAINTEXT signing, make the following changes to the OAuth options object:
signature_method : 'PLAINTEXT'
To send OAuth parameters via query params or in a post body as described in The Consumer Request Parameters section of the oauth1 spec:
transport_method : 'query'
or transport_method : 'body'
in the OAuth
options object.transport_method
defaults to 'header'
To use Request Body Hash you can either
body_hash: '...'
body_hash: true
If you specify a proxy
option, then the request (and any subsequent
redirects) will be sent via a connection to the proxy server.
If your endpoint is an https
url, and you are using a proxy, then
request will send a CONNECT
request to the proxy server first, and
then use the supplied connection to connect to the endpoint.
That is, first it will make a request like:
HTTP/1.1 CONNECT endpoint-server.com:80
Host: proxy-server.com
User-Agent: whatever user agent you specify
and then the proxy server make a TCP connection to endpoint-server
on port 80
, and return a response that looks like:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
At this point, the connection is left open, and the client is
communicating directly with the endpoint-server.com
machine.
See the wikipedia page on HTTP Tunneling for more information.
By default, when proxying http
traffic, request will simply make a
standard proxied http
request. This is done by making the url
section of the initial line of the request a fully qualified url to
the endpoint.
For example, it will make a single request that looks like:
HTTP/1.1 GET http://endpoint-server.com/some-url
Host: proxy-server.com
Other-Headers: all go here
request body or whatever
Because a pure "http over http" tunnel offers no additional security
or other features, it is generally simpler to go with a
straightforward HTTP proxy in this case. However, if you would like
to force a tunneling proxy, you may set the tunnel
option to true
.
You can also make a standard proxied http
request by explicitly setting
tunnel : false
, but note that this will allow the proxy to see the traffic
to/from the destination server.
If you are using a tunneling proxy, you may set the
proxyHeaderWhiteList
to share certain headers with the proxy.
You can also set the proxyHeaderExclusiveList
to share certain
headers only with the proxy and not with destination host.
By default, this set is:
accept
accept-charset
accept-encoding
accept-language
accept-ranges
cache-control
content-encoding
content-language
content-length
content-location
content-md5
content-range
content-type
connection
date
expect
max-forwards
pragma
proxy-authorization
referer
te
transfer-encoding
user-agent
via
Note that, when using a tunneling proxy, the proxy-authorization
header and any headers from custom proxyHeaderExclusiveList
are
never sent to the endpoint server, but only to the proxy server.
The following environment variables are respected by request
:
HTTP_PROXY
/ http_proxy
HTTPS_PROXY
/ https_proxy
NO_PROXY
/ no_proxy
When HTTP_PROXY
/ http_proxy
are set, they will be used to proxy non-SSL requests that do not have an explicit proxy
configuration option present. Similarly, HTTPS_PROXY
/ https_proxy
will be respected for SSL requests that do not have an explicit proxy
configuration option. It is valid to define a proxy in one of the environment variables, but then override it for a specific request, using the proxy
configuration option. Furthermore, the proxy
configuration option can be explicitly set to false / null to opt out of proxying altogether for that request.
request
is also aware of the NO_PROXY
/no_proxy
environment variables. These variables provide a granular way to opt out of proxying, on a per-host basis. It should contain a comma separated list of hosts to opt out of proxying. It is also possible to opt of proxying when a particular destination port is used. Finally, the variable may be set to *
to opt out of the implicit proxy configuration of the other environment variables.
Here's some examples of valid no_proxy
values:
google.com
- don't proxy HTTP/HTTPS requests to Google.google.com:443
- don't proxy HTTPS requests to Google, but do proxy HTTP requests to Google.google.com:443, yahoo.com:80
- don't proxy HTTPS requests to Google, and don't proxy HTTP requests to Yahoo!*
- ignore https_proxy
/http_proxy
environment variables altogether.request
supports making requests to UNIX Domain Sockets. To make one, use the following URL scheme:
/* Pattern */ 'http://unix:SOCKET:PATH'
/* Example */ request.get('http://unix:/absolute/path/to/unix.socket:/request/path')
Note: The SOCKET
path is assumed to be absolute to the root of the host file system.
TLS/SSL Protocol options, such as cert
, key
and passphrase
, can be
set directly in options
object, in the agentOptions
property of the options
object, or even in https.globalAgent.options
. Keep in mind that, although agentOptions
allows for a slightly wider range of configurations, the recommended way is via options
object directly, as using agentOptions
or https.globalAgent.options
would not be applied in the same way in proxied environments (as data travels through a TLS connection instead of an http/https agent).
var fs = require('fs')
, path = require('path')
, certFile = path.resolve(__dirname, 'ssl/client.crt')
, keyFile = path.resolve(__dirname, 'ssl/client.key')
, caFile = path.resolve(__dirname, 'ssl/ca.cert.pem')
, request = require('request');
var options = {
url: 'https://api.some-server.com/',
cert: fs.readFileSync(certFile),
key: fs.readFileSync(keyFile),
passphrase: 'password',
ca: fs.readFileSync(caFile)
};
request.get(options);
options.agentOptions
In the example below, we call an API requires client side SSL certificate (in PEM format) with passphrase protected private key (in PEM format) and disable the SSLv3 protocol:
var fs = require('fs')
, path = require('path')
, certFile = path.resolve(__dirname, 'ssl/client.crt')
, keyFile = path.resolve(__dirname, 'ssl/client.key')
, request = require('request');
var options = {
url: 'https://api.some-server.com/',
agentOptions: {
cert: fs.readFileSync(certFile),
key: fs.readFileSync(keyFile),
// Or use `pfx` property replacing `cert` and `key` when using private key, certificate and CA certs in PFX or PKCS12 format:
// pfx: fs.readFileSync(pfxFilePath),
passphrase: 'password',
securityOptions: 'SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3'
}
};
request.get(options);
It is able to force using SSLv3 only by specifying secureProtocol
:
request.get({
url: 'https://api.some-server.com/',
agentOptions: {
secureProtocol: 'SSLv3_method'
}
});
It is possible to accept other certificates than those signed by generally allowed Certificate Authorities (CAs).
This can be useful, for example, when using self-signed certificates.
To require a different root certificate, you can specify the signing CA by adding the contents of the CA's certificate file to the agentOptions
.
The certificate the domain presents must be signed by the root certificate specified:
request.get({
url: 'https://api.some-server.com/',
agentOptions: {
ca: fs.readFileSync('ca.cert.pem')
}
});
The options.har
property will override the values: url
, method
, qs
, headers
, form
, formData
, body
, json
, as well as construct multipart data and read files from disk when request.postData.params[].fileName
is present without a matching value
.
a validation step will check if the HAR Request format matches the latest spec (v1.2) and will skip parsing if not matching.
var request = require('request')
request({
// will be ignored
method: 'GET',
uri: 'http://www.google.com',
// HTTP Archive Request Object
har: {
url: 'http://www.mockbin.com/har',
method: 'POST',
headers: [
{
name: 'content-type',
value: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
}
],
postData: {
mimeType: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
params: [
{
name: 'foo',
value: 'bar'
},
{
name: 'hello',
value: 'world'
}
]
}
}
})
// a POST request will be sent to http://www.mockbin.com
// with body an application/x-www-form-urlencoded body:
// foo=bar&hello=world
The first argument can be either a url
or an options
object. The only required option is uri
; all others are optional.
uri
|| url
- fully qualified uri or a parsed url object from url.parse()
baseUrl
- fully qualified uri string used as the base url. Most useful with request.defaults
, for example when you want to do many requests to the same domain. If baseUrl
is https://example.com/api/
, then requesting /end/point?test=true
will fetch https://example.com/api/end/point?test=true
. When baseUrl
is given, uri
must also be a string.method
- http method (default: "GET"
)headers
- http headers (default: {}
)qs
- object containing querystring values to be appended to the uri
qsParseOptions
- object containing options to pass to the qs.parse method. Alternatively pass options to the querystring.parse method using this format {sep:';', eq:':', options:{}}
qsStringifyOptions
- object containing options to pass to the qs.stringify method. Alternatively pass options to the querystring.stringify method using this format {sep:';', eq:':', options:{}}
. For example, to change the way arrays are converted to query strings using the qs
module pass the arrayFormat
option with one of indices|brackets|repeat
useQuerystring
- If true, use querystring
to stringify and parse
querystrings, otherwise use qs
(default: false
). Set this option to
true
if you need arrays to be serialized as foo=bar&foo=baz
instead of the
default foo[0]=bar&foo[1]=baz
.body
- entity body for PATCH, POST and PUT requests. Must be a Buffer
, String
or ReadStream
. If json
is true
, then body
must be a JSON-serializable object.form
- when passed an object or a querystring, this sets body
to a querystring representation of value, and adds Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
header. When passed no options, a FormData
instance is returned (and is piped to request). See "Forms" section above.formData
- Data to pass for a multipart/form-data
request. See
Forms section above.multipart
- array of objects which contain their own headers and body
attributes. Sends a multipart/related
request. See Forms section
above.{chunked: false, data: []}
where
chunked
is used to specify whether the request is sent in
chunked transfer encoding
In non-chunked requests, data items with body streams are not allowed.preambleCRLF
- append a newline/CRLF before the boundary of your multipart/form-data
request.postambleCRLF
- append a newline/CRLF at the end of the boundary of your multipart/form-data
request.json
- sets body
to JSON representation of value and adds Content-type: application/json
header. Additionally, parses the response body as JSON.jsonReviver
- a reviver function that will be passed to JSON.parse()
when parsing a JSON response body.jsonReplacer
- a replacer function that will be passed to JSON.stringify()
when stringifying a JSON request body.auth
- A hash containing values user
|| username
, pass
|| password
, and sendImmediately
(optional). See documentation above.oauth
- Options for OAuth HMAC-SHA1 signing. See documentation above.hawk
- Options for Hawk signing. The credentials
key must contain the necessary signing info, see hawk docs for details.aws
- object
containing AWS signing information. Should have the properties key
, secret
, and optionally session
(note that this only works for services that require session as part of the canonical string). Also requires the property bucket
, unless you’re specifying your bucket
as part of the path, or the request doesn’t use a bucket (i.e. GET Services). If you want to use AWS sign version 4 use the parameter sign_version
with value 4
otherwise the default is version 2. Note: you need to npm install aws4
first.httpSignature
- Options for the HTTP Signature Scheme using Joyent's library. The keyId
and key
properties must be specified. See the docs for other options.followRedirect
- follow HTTP 3xx responses as redirects (default: true
). This property can also be implemented as function which gets response
object as a single argument and should return true
if redirects should continue or false
otherwise.followAllRedirects
- follow non-GET HTTP 3xx responses as redirects (default: false
)followOriginalHttpMethod
- by default we redirect to HTTP method GET. you can enable this property to redirect to the original HTTP method (default: false
)maxRedirects
- the maximum number of redirects to follow (default: 10
)removeRefererHeader
- removes the referer header when a redirect happens (default: false
). Note: if true, referer header set in the initial request is preserved during redirect chain.encoding
- Encoding to be used on setEncoding
of response data. If null
, the body
is returned as a Buffer
. Anything else (including the default value of undefined
) will be passed as the encoding parameter to toString()
(meaning this is effectively utf8
by default). (Note: if you expect binary data, you should set encoding: null
.)gzip
- If true
, add an Accept-Encoding
header to request compressed content encodings from the server (if not already present) and decode supported content encodings in the response. Note: Automatic decoding of the response content is performed on the body data returned through request
(both through the request
stream and passed to the callback function) but is not performed on the response
stream (available from the response
event) which is the unmodified http.IncomingMessage
object which may contain compressed data. See example below.jar
- If true
, remember cookies for future use (or define your custom cookie jar; see examples section)agent
- http(s).Agent
instance to useagentClass
- alternatively specify your agent's class nameagentOptions
- and pass its options. Note: for HTTPS see tls API doc for TLS/SSL options and the documentation above.forever
- set to true
to use the forever-agent Note: Defaults to http(s).Agent({keepAlive:true})
in node 0.12+pool
- An object describing which agents to use for the request. If this option is omitted the request will use the global agent (as long as your options allow for it). Otherwise, request will search the pool for your custom agent. If no custom agent is found, a new agent will be created and added to the pool. Note: pool
is used only when the agent
option is not specified.maxSockets
property can also be provided on the pool
object to set the max number of sockets for all agents created (ex: pool: {maxSockets: Infinity}
).pool
objects, maxSockets
will not work as intended. To
work around this, either use request.defaults
with your pool options or create the pool object with the maxSockets
property outside of the loop.timeout
- Integer containing the number of milliseconds to wait for a
server to send response headers (and start the response body) before aborting
the request. Note that if the underlying TCP connection cannot be established,
the OS-wide TCP connection timeout will overrule the timeout
option (the
default in Linux can be anywhere from 20-120 seconds).localAddress
- Local interface to bind for network connections.proxy
- An HTTP proxy to be used. Supports proxy Auth with Basic Auth, identical to support for the url
parameter (by embedding the auth info in the uri
)strictSSL
- If true
, requires SSL certificates be valid. Note: to use your own certificate authority, you need to specify an agent that was created with that CA as an option.tunnel
- controls the behavior of
HTTP CONNECT
tunneling
as follows:undefined
(default) - true
if the destination is https
, false
otherwisetrue
- always tunnel to the destination by making a CONNECT
request to
the proxyfalse
- request the destination as a GET
request.proxyHeaderWhiteList
- A whitelist of headers to send to a
tunneling proxy.proxyHeaderExclusiveList
- A whitelist of headers to send
exclusively to a tunneling proxy and not to destination.time
- If true
, the request-response cycle (including all redirects) is timed at millisecond resolution. When set, the following properties are added to the response object:
elapsedTime
Duration of the entire request/response in milliseconds (deprecated).responseStartTime
Timestamp when the response began (in Unix Epoch milliseconds) (deprecated).timingStart
Timestamp of the start of the request (in Unix Epoch milliseconds).timings
Contains event timestamps in millisecond resolution relative to timingStart
. If there were redirects, the properties reflect the timings of the final request in the redirect chain:socket
Relative timestamp when the http
module's socket
event fires. This happens when the socket is assigned to the request.lookup
Relative timestamp when the net
module's lookup
event fires. This happens when the DNS has been resolved.connect
: Relative timestamp when the net
module's connect
event fires. This happens when the server acknowledges the TCP connection.response
: Relative timestamp when the http
module's response
event fires. This happens when the first bytes are received from the server.end
: Relative timestamp when the last bytes of the response are received.timingPhases
Contains the durations of each request phase. If there were redirects, the properties reflect the timings of the final request in the redirect chain:wait
: Duration of socket initialization (timings.socket
)dns
: Duration of DNS lookup (timings.lookup
- timings.socket
)tcp
: Duration of TCP connection (timings.connect
- timings.socket
)firstByte
: Duration of HTTP server response (timings.response
- timings.connect
)download
: Duration of HTTP download (timings.end
- timings.response
)total
: Duration entire HTTP round-trip (timings.end
)har
- A HAR 1.2 Request Object, will be processed from HAR format into options overwriting matching values (see the HAR 1.2 section for details)
callback
- alternatively pass the request's callback in the options objectThe callback argument gets 3 arguments:
error
when applicable (usually from http.ClientRequest
object)http.IncomingMessage
object (Response object)response
body (String
or Buffer
, or JSON object if the json
option is supplied)There are also shorthand methods for different HTTP METHODs and some other conveniences.
This method returns a wrapper around the normal request API that defaults to whatever options you pass to it.
Note: request.defaults()
does not modify the global request API;
instead, it returns a wrapper that has your default settings applied to it.
Note: You can call .defaults()
on the wrapper that is returned from
request.defaults
to add/override defaults that were previously defaulted.
For example:
//requests using baseRequest() will set the 'x-token' header
var baseRequest = request.defaults({
headers: {'x-token': 'my-token'}
})
//requests using specialRequest() will include the 'x-token' header set in
//baseRequest and will also include the 'special' header
var specialRequest = baseRequest.defaults({
headers: {special: 'special value'}
})
Same as request()
, but defaults to method: "PUT"
.
request.put(url)
Same as request()
, but defaults to method: "PATCH"
.
request.patch(url)
Same as request()
, but defaults to method: "POST"
.
request.post(url)
Same as request()
, but defaults to method: "HEAD"
.
request.head(url)
Same as request()
, but defaults to method: "DELETE"
.
request.del(url)
request.delete(url)
Same as request()
(for uniformity).
request.get(url)
Function that creates a new cookie.
request.cookie('key1=value1')
Function that creates a new cookie jar.
request.jar()
There are at least three ways to debug the operation of request
:
Launch the node process like NODE_DEBUG=request node script.js
(lib,request,otherlib
works too).
Set require('request').debug = true
at any time (this does the same thing
as #1).
Use the request-debug module to view request and response headers and bodies.
Most requests to external servers should have a timeout attached, in case the server is not responding in a timely manner. Without a timeout, your code may have a socket open/consume resources for minutes or more.
There are two main types of timeouts: connection timeouts and read timeouts. A connect timeout occurs if the timeout is hit while your client is attempting to establish a connection to a remote machine (corresponding to the connect() call on the socket). A read timeout occurs any time the server is too slow to send back a part of the response.
These two situations have widely different implications for what went wrong
with the request, so it's useful to be able to distinguish them. You can detect
timeout errors by checking err.code
for an 'ETIMEDOUT' value. Further, you
can detect whether the timeout was a connection timeout by checking if the
err.connect
property is set to true
.
request.get('http://<IP_ADDRESS>', {timeout: 1500}, function(err) {
console.log(err.code === 'ETIMEDOUT');
// Set to `true` if the timeout was a connection timeout, `false` or
// `undefined` otherwise.
console.log(err.connect === true);
process.exit(0);
});
var request = require('request')
, rand = Math.floor(Math.random()*100000000).toString()
;
request(
{ method: 'PUT'
, uri: 'http://mikeal.iriscouch.com/testjs/' + rand
, multipart:
[ { 'content-type': 'application/json'
, body: JSON.stringify({foo: 'bar', _attachments: {'message.txt': {follows: true, length: 18, 'content_type': 'text/plain' }}})
}
, { body: 'I am an attachment' }
]
}
, function (error, response, body) {
if(response.statusCode == 201){
console.log('document saved as: http://mikeal.iriscouch.com/testjs/'+ rand)
} else {
console.log('error: '+ response.statusCode)
console.log(body)
}
}
)
For backwards-compatibility, response compression is not supported by default.
To accept gzip-compressed responses, set the gzip
option to true
. Note
that the body data passed through request
is automatically decompressed
while the response object is unmodified and will contain compressed data if
the server sent a compressed response.
var request = require('request')
request(
{ method: 'GET'
, uri: 'http://www.google.com'
, gzip: true
}
, function (error, response, body) {
// body is the decompressed response body
console.log('server encoded the data as: ' + (response.headers['content-encoding'] || 'identity'))
console.log('the decoded data is: ' + body)
}
).on('data', function(data) {
// decompressed data as it is received
console.log('decoded chunk: ' + data)
})
.on('response', function(response) {
// unmodified http.IncomingMessage object
response.on('data', function(data) {
// compressed data as it is received
console.log('received ' + data.length + ' bytes of compressed data')
})
})
Cookies are disabled by default (else, they would be used in subsequent requests). To enable cookies, set jar
to true
(either in defaults
or options
).
var request = request.defaults({jar: true})
request('http://www.google.com', function () {
request('http://images.google.com')
})
To use a custom cookie jar (instead of request
’s global cookie jar), set jar
to an instance of request.jar()
(either in defaults
or options
)
var j = request.jar()
var request = request.defaults({jar:j})
request('http://www.google.com', function () {
request('http://images.google.com')
})
OR
var j = request.jar();
var cookie = request.cookie('key1=value1');
var url = 'http://www.google.com';
j.setCookie(cookie, url);
request({url: url, jar: j}, function () {
request('http://images.google.com')
})
To use a custom cookie store (such as a
FileCookieStore
which supports saving to and restoring from JSON files), pass it as a parameter
to request.jar()
:
var FileCookieStore = require('tough-cookie-filestore');
// NOTE - currently the 'cookies.json' file must already exist!
var j = request.jar(new FileCookieStore('cookies.json'));
request = request.defaults({ jar : j })
request('http://www.google.com', function() {
request('http://images.google.com')
})
The cookie store must be a
tough-cookie
store and it must support synchronous operations; see the
CookieStore
API docs
for details.
To inspect your cookie jar after a request:
var j = request.jar()
request({url: 'http://www.google.com', jar: j}, function () {
var cookie_string = j.getCookieString(url); // "key1=value1; key2=value2; ..."
var cookies = j.getCookies(url);
// [{key: 'key1', value: 'value1', domain: "www.google.com", ...}, ...]
})


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Interfaces
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Classes
Alignment
ExportAlignmentPR
Exceptions
AlignmentActionInitializationException
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Group membersColivers {{user?.login.username}}AdminRemoveLeave the groupSocial sharingReferral codeShare a link with potential candidates for your flatmates. You can copy the link and share it wherever you want. Once the link is clicked the candidate will be asked to fill-up the flatmate questionnaire and the answers will appear on the bottom of this page.
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Live blog for Saturday's football: Premier League and Sky Bet EFL coverage - updates, statistics and in-play betting tips
by George PittsJoin us for coverage of Saturday's football in the Premier League and key Sky Bet EFL matches.
- Latest football scores
- Latest Premier League table
- Blades to blunt Ole's United
- Monday night goals at Villa
Latest scores
- FT: West Ham 2-3 Tottenham
- Arsenal v Southampton
- Bournemouth v Wolves
- Brighton v Leicester
- Crystal Palace v Liverpool
- Everton v Norwich
- Watford v Burnley
- Manchester City v Chelsea (1730)
↻ Please refresh for latest blog update ↻
1443: What next for Pellegrini?
Manuel Pellegrini is now EVENS with Sky Bet to be the next Premier League manager to leave his job. He faces a big task to turn it around at the London Stadium after such a poor run. They spent big in the summer.
1432: Last call for tips
Kick-off is nearly here, but you still have time to get your weekend wagers in. Take your pick:
- Brighton v Leicester
Leicester were on a roll before the international break and Brendan Rodgers will be hoping they can continue where they left off.
Brighton have made improvements under Graham Potter and have won three of their last five, including against Spurs at the Amex, and will give it a good go on Saturday.
This Foxes side, though, looks to have a great mindset under Rodgers and they should just edge the Seagulls, although the break could mean it's closer than they would like.
A nice price we are opting for is in the scoring markets - on a midfielder who contributes a lot in the final third and is available at 11/2 anytime.
Belgium international Youri Tielemans has five goals and five assists for the Foxes this term in all competitions, averaging just over two shots per game in the Premier League.
He had four efforts in the win over Arsenal last time out and has registered a total of six in the previous three games before that.
He has not scored in a couple of games and is due. With the positions he gets in, late runs into the box and a tendency to shoot on sight, this price makes the 22-year-old well worth a small play.
Super 6 prediction: Brighton 1-2 Leicester (Sky Bet odds: 8/1)
Best bet: Youri Tielemans to score anytime at 11/2
After last week's welcome 12/1 winner, Saturday's Sporting Life Accumulator is an 18/1 four-fold which covers three divisions of the EFL.
Stoke, Rotherham, Peterborough and Forest Green are our selected quartet - access it by clicking the above link.
Leicester were on a roll before the international break and Brendan Rodgers will be hoping they can continue where they left off.
Brighton have made improvements under Graham Potter and have won three of their last five, including against Spurs at the Amex, and will give it a good go on Saturday.
This Foxes side, though, looks to have a great mindset under Rodgers and they should just edge the Seagulls, although the break could mean it's closer than they would like.
A nice price we are opting for is in the scoring markets - on a midfielder who contributes a lot in the final third and is available at 11/2 anytime.
Belgium international Youri Tielemans has five goals and five assists for the Foxes this term in all competitions, averaging just over two shots per game in the Premier League.
He had four efforts in the win over Arsenal last time out and has registered a total of six in the previous three games before that.
He has not scored in a couple of games and is due. With the positions he gets in, late runs into the box and a tendency to shoot on sight, this price makes the 22-year-old well worth a small play.
Super 6 prediction: Brighton 1-2 Leicester (Sky Bet odds: 8/1)
Best bet: Youri Tielemans to score anytime at 11/2
Key stats
- Leicester have won six of their last seven Premier League games (L1), winning the last four by an aggregate score of 15-1 and keeping a clean sheet in their last three. The Foxes have won five Premier League games in a row twice before, in April 2016 and April 2017.
- Leicester have conceded the fewest goals in the Premier League this season (8), while only Manchester City (35) have netted more than the Foxes (29).
- This is the first time Leicester are playing a Premier League game when starting the day in the top two of the table since the final game of their 2015-16 title winning season (1-1 vs Chelsea). Brighton have lost seven of their eight Premier League games against sides in the top two, including the last six in a row since a 1-0 win over Man Utd in May 2018.
- Since the start of last season, Leicester’s James Maddison has scored more Premier League goals from outside the box than any other player in the competition (7), including three of his four strikes this term.
1428: FT - West Ham 2-3 Tottenham
Jose gets his first win as Spurs boss.
1420: Team news
- Crystal Palace Liverpool
One change to Palace's squad as Max Meyer returns to the bench but their XI remains the same.
Liverpool meanwhile, have Andrew Robertson starts after doubts in midweek while Mo Salah is only fit enough for the bench.
- Arsenal v Southampton
Unai Emery makes two changes, including the return of summer signing Kieran Tierney at left-back while James Ward-Prowse makes his 250th appearance for Southampton.
- Brighton v Leicester
Graham Potter makes three changes as Adam Webster replaces suspended Lewis Dunk, Solly March and Aaroh Mooy also come into the Seagulls side.
Brendan Rodgers' Foxes are unchanged.
- Bournemouth v Wolves
One change for the Cherries from their defeat at Newcastle, Nuno Espirito Santo's Wolves are unchanged.
- Everton v Norwich
Marco Silva's side also unchanged while the Canaries make three alterations from the defeat at Watford. Zimmermann makes his first return after being out since August, Byram and Cantwell also come in.
- Watford v Burnley
Kabasele is suspended for the Hornets, Janmaat and Pereyra also out. Mariappa, Femenia and Gray come into the XI. Sean Dyche's Clarets unchanged.
1410: Good afternoon!
Welcome to our live coverage of Saturday's football.
I am George Pitts, here to keep you company for what should hopefully be an exciting afternoon.
After Jose Mourinho got off to a winning start with Spurs in the early kick-off at West Ham, we now have six fixtures in the Premier League, with key Sky Bet EFL matches, followed by Man City v Chelsea at 1730 GMT - join us on the blog for that.
Today's 3pm fixtures are as follows:
- Arsenal v Southampton
- Bournemouth v Wolves
- Brighton v Leicester
- Crystal Palace v Liverpool
- Everton v Norwich
- Watford v Burnley
We will provide updates, goal flashes, statistics, the odd in-play tip and much more. Sit back, relax and enjoy domestic football after another long international break!
Get in touch with your fancies by tweeting @SportingLifeFC or @GeorgePitts_
Now, onto team news...
SUNDAY'S PREVIEW: Blades to blunt Ole's United
Premier League predictions, best bets and stats for the Super Sunday clash between Sheffield United and Manchester United. Take a look by clicking the image, below...
MONDAY'S PREVIEW: Monday night goals at Villa
Steve Bruce returns to one of his former clubs and there should be plenty of action on and off the field as Paul Higham previews Monday Night Football. Take a look by clicking the image, below...


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- Address
- {{company.address}}
- Zip+city
- {{company.zip}} {{company.city}}
- Start date
- {{company.startdate}}
- Employees
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- Email
- {{company.email}}
- Phone
- {{company.phone}}
- Address
- {{pu.address}}
- Zip+city
- {{pu.zip}} {{pu.city}}
- Start date
- {{company.startdate}}
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Dataset¶
-
class
package.dataset.
BaseDataset
(audio_paths, label_paths, sos_id=2037, eos_id=2038, target_dict=None, input_reverse=True, use_augment=True, batch_size=None, augment_ratio=0.3, pack_by_length=True)[source]¶ Dataset for audio & label matching
Parameters: - audio_paths (list) – set of audio path
- label_paths (list) – set of label paths
- sos_id (int) – identification of <start of sequence>
- eos_id (int) – identification of <end of sequence>
- target_dict (dict) – dictionary of filename and labels
- input_reverse (bool) – flag indication whether to reverse input feature or not (default: True)
- use_augment (bool) – flag indication whether to use spec-augmentation or not (default: True)
- augment_ratio (float) – ratio of spec-augmentation applied data (default: 1.0)
- pack_by_length (bool) – pack by similar sequence length
- batch_size (int) – mini batch size
-
package.dataset.
split_dataset
(hparams, audio_paths, label_paths, valid_ratio=0.05, target_dict=None)[source]¶ Dataset split into training and validation Dataset.
Parameters: - hparams (package.hparams.HyperParams) – set of hyper parameters
- audio_paths (list) – set of audio path
- label_paths (list) – set of label path
- target_dict (dict) – dictionary of filename and target
- Returns: train_batch_num, train_dataset_list, valid_dataset
- train_batch_num (int): num of batch for training
- train_dataset_list (list): list of training dataset
- valid_dataset (utils.dataset.BaseDataset): validation dataset


Yorkshire News
Accident and Emergency Service
We provide accident and emergency services for a population of over 5 million
Patient Transport Service
886,312 journeys in 2013-14
Emergency Operations Centre
We received an average of 2,180 calls a day in 2013-14
Accident and Emergency Service
We provide accident and emergency services for a population of over 5 million
Patient Transport Service
886,312 journeys in 2013-14
Emergency Operations Centre
We received an average of 2,180 calls a day in 2013-14
Accident and Emergency Service
We provide accident and emergency services for a population of over 5 million
Patient Transport Service
886,312 journeys in 2013-14
Emergency Operations Centre
We received an average of 2,180 calls a day in 2013-14
Accident and Emergency Service
We provide accident and emergency services for a population of over 5 million
Patient Transport Service
886,312 journeys in 2013-14
Emergency Operations Centre
We received an average of 2,180 calls a day in 2013-14


@(courselist : List[Course])
@home(session().get("connected")){
A teacher Yoda is.
Congratulations!
You've signed up successfully as a tutor on Yoda. You will now be listed every time a student runs a search for tutors.
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Sorry!
Looks like you've already signed up as a tutor for this. Try again, maybe?
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Sorry!
You need to add at least one course to be a tutor. Try again, maybe?
×
}


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.thirdpartydeveloperfrontend.domain.models.developers.DeveloperSession @import uk.gov.hmrc.thirdpartydeveloperfrontend.domain.models.applications.Environment @import uk.gov.hmrc.thirdpartydeveloperfrontend.domain.models.controllers.ApplicationSummary @import include._ @import uk.gov.hmrc.thirdpartydeveloperfrontend.domain.models.controllers.Crumb @import uk.gov.hmrc.thirdpartydeveloperfrontend.controllers.routes @import uk.gov.hmrc.thirdpartydeveloperfrontend.domain.models.views.BackButtonWithJavaScript @this(devMain: DevMainWithFormErrors) @(form: Form[uk.gov.hmrc.thirdpartydeveloperfrontend.controllers.ChooseApplicationToUpliftForm], upliftableApps: Seq[ApplicationSummary], showFluff: Boolean)(implicit request: play.api.mvc.Request[Any], loggedIn: DeveloperSession, messagesProvider: MessagesProvider, appConfig: ApplicationConfig) @pageHeading = @{ "Which application do you want production credentials for?" } @principalWording = @{appConfig.nameOfPrincipalEnvironment.toLowerCase} @needToChoose = @{upliftableApps.size > 1} @invalidAppsSignpost = {
Your other sandbox applications subscribe to APIs not available in production.
If you want production credentials for a different sandbox application, you need to:
You do not need production credentials for applications that only subscribe to:


SPAN Company
We’re in this business since 1975 and We provide the best “ Engineering Consultant ” services
Thai national engineering consultant with a commitment to develop and upgrade engineering consulting services to “ World standards ”.
Over the past 40 years, Span Co., Ltd. has continually developed its capabilities in many areas in order to be accepted by both domestic and international users. In addition, the company has given importance with continuous development of personnel quality
Over the past 40 years, Span Co., Ltd. has continually developed its capabilities in many areas in order to be accepted by both domestic and international users. In addition, the company has given importance with continuous development of personnel quality and the company is also a member of the Council of Engineers and a member of the Engineering Institute of Thailand under the royal patronage as well


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If you are having trouble while using the system, or for further comments or requests, contact one of the following members.
Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais
Institute of Exact Sciences and Informatics
Computer Science Department
Wender Zacarias Xavier - Undergraduate Student -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Humberto Torres Marques-Neto - Faculty -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For ferms of fervice of the used APIs, chech the following link: Terms of Service


{% extends 'topics/_base_topics.html' %} {% load list_tables %} {% block content %}
While people often think of the Census as asking questions about people, the American Community Survey also gathers extensive data about the housing conditions of respondents, including whether they own or rent their home, how much they spend on housing,
and the physical characteristics of homes. The ACS primarily reports housing data in tables with codes beginning with 25.
Most of the tables count the number of housing units for a given characteristic. However, a few tables estimate the number of people living in owned or rented housing units.
A housing unit is anything from a house to an apartment or even a boat if a person is currently living there.
The Census provides a couple of tables which establish basic counts of housing units, as well as their occupancy status. One table, B25006 provides estimates of the number of houseolders of different races.
Every housing unit is recorded as either occupied or vacant. Some vacancies are market related, such as houses for sale or apartments for rent. Other housing units are seasonally vacant. Table B25004 (Vacancy Status) records the number of vacancies in each category. In 2021, tables were added to provide more insight into reasons for vacancy and duration of vacancy. These will only be available in the 1-year ACS for a few years, and data for smaller geographies may be missing.
Occupied housing units in the ACS are split into two categories: renter-occupied and owner-occupied. This distinction is known as “tenure” (think “tenant”). There are dozens of tables in the primary "housing" category which crosstabulate tenure with other responses.
In addition to the "tenure" tables in the primary "housing" category, there are several linked to non-housing questions.
The ACS records estimated selling prices for occupied housing units under “value”. Note that the values are calculated from self-reported estimates of occupied units and vacant units on the market. Therefore, estimates may become less reliable in a fluctuating or falling housing market.
For vacant units, the ACS uses "price asked" instead of "value".
Table B25081 (Mortgage Status) records the type of mortgage on owner-occupied housing units. This includes first mortgages, second mortgages and home equity loans. A simpler classification, “with/without”,
is used in tables relating mortgage status to topics like real estate taxes, household income, and tenure.
Homeowners with and without mortgages have ongoing monthly costs, and the American Community Survey gathers data about these costs, which are reported in tables referring to "selected monthly owner costs." The costs are reported as either a percentage
of the household income or the number of housing units in a monthly cost range such as “$1,250 to $1,499”. The selected costs used for these estimates are:
In 2021, tables were added to catalog specific utility costs: monthly for electricity and gas, and annual for "water and sewer" and "other fuel" costs. There are a large number of tables relating rent to other attributes of the housing unit or the householder. There are two main categories for rent, contract and gross. Contract rent is the monthly rent agreed to without adjustments for utilities or other payments. Gross rent is similar to selected monthly owner costs. It is the sum of contract rent and
the average cost of the utilities (electricity, gas, and water and sewer) and fuel (oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc).
A few tables provide general information about the structural characteristics of buildings where people live in a given geography.
The ACS records the number of rooms, and separately, the number of bedrooms for each housing unit, and provides some tables to relate those numbers to tenure and rent. Housing units with only one room are listed as having no bedrooms.
The lack of complete facilities for housing units are recorded in two areas: kitchen and plumbing.


Canadian Income Tax Calculator
After recieving my first pay-stub, I was curious about how income tax was calculated. I decided to investigate the Canadian
income tax system further and I thought it would be a good idea to create lightweight mobile application. This
would serve as a tool to those who want to quickly estimate their post-tax salaries.
I became familiar with the BlackBerry 10 (C++ / Qt) development platform and launched the application on native BlackBerry. But after switching my personal phone to Android, I decided to develop
native Android (Java) version as well. I eventually played around with the Ionic Framework, and decided to re-build the app using Ionic 2 (TypeScript & Angular).
I launched the app on iOS recently, and ported the hybrid app onto Android. Since the app's inception, it has garnered over 50,000 cross-platform downloads.
Symmetric Predictive Estimators (Neural Networks)
I enrolled into a Master's of Computer Science program at the University of Waterloo to pursue my interests in Computational Neuroscience
and machine learning. My thesis focused on Predictive Estimators, a theory of how the brain processes bottom-up and top-down information.
My professor Jeff Orchard, and I proposed a Symmetric Predictive Estimator, a biologically plausible model of how the brain perceives information
from sensory input (e.g. eyes), and top-down information (e.g. conciousness). We used the spiking neural framework written in Python, called
Nengo, which powers Spaun, the world's largest functional brain model.
This research was published in the
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, and presented at
COSYNE 2016 (Computational and Systems Neuroscience).
Simultaneous learning of forward and backward identity functions in a biologically plausible, spiking neural network.
Brain Decoding of Mice Hippocampus
The 2014 Nobel Prize Physiology or Medicine were
awarded to a group of scientists who were able to decode brain signals in mice and relate them to a location inside a maze.
This discovery led to the Hippocampus playing a role of an internal GPS. In general, based on neuron firing patterns, it is possible
to determine (or read the mind) of where a mice is in a maze.
Using similar datasets, I decided to benchmark various machine learning techniques and evaluate the accuracy and speed
each technique has when decoding neural signals in the hippocampus. I tested custom K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm, as well as
a tuned SVM classifier.
Whitepaper
Using neural signals from mice's Hippocampus, you can decode the mice's interal map, and determine position.


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SA court opens way to send ex-Mozambique minister to US trial
by Staff ReporterJOHANNESBURG (AP) — A South African court has set aside an earlier decision to extradite former Mozambican finance minister Manuel Chang back to his country.
Friday’s decision paves the way for South African Justice Minister Roland Lamola to approve Chang’s extradition to the United States to face trial related to Mozambique’s $2 billion debt scandal.
Lamola’s predecessor had wanted to send Chang back home but Lamola has asserted that Mozambique has not shown seriousness in prosecuting him.
Chang was arrested in South Africa last year on the request of the U.S. government in relation to the scandal involving secret loans guaranteed by Mozambique’s government during his tenure from 2005 to 2015.


HACK-GTBIT 2.0
H@ckGTBIT 2.0 isn't just an event for us, it is, in fact, a journey that has helped us to define
ourselves, find our paths and most importantly take something from it to cherish as a team. We
aim to let this event take the form of a platform that would help the students, faculty,
participants, and sponsors interact with each other and form bonds stronger than those made on paper.
Last time we gained all of that by forming a team we could trust, who had each other's back! This year
we're back with double energy and enthusiasm to make this event an absolute success for everyone. So,
we invite all the sponsors to have trust in us and get associated with us.


TIFFMEDIAN(1) TIFFMEDIAN(1) NAME tiffmedian - apply the median cut algorithm to data in a TIFF file SYNOPSIS tiffmedian [ options ] input.tif output.tif DESCRIPTION tiffmedian applies the median cut algorithm to an RGB image in input.tif to generate a palette image that is written to output.tif. The generated colormap has, by default, 256 entries. The image data is quantized by mapping each pixel to the closest color values in the colormap. OPTIONS -c Specify the compression to use for data written to the output file: none for no compression, packbits for PackBits compression, lzw for Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression, and zip for Deflate com‐ pression. By default tiffmedian will compress data according to the value of the Compression tag found in the source file. LZW compression can be specified together with a predictor value. A predictor value of 2 causes each scanline of the output image to undergo horizontal differencing before it is encoded; a value of 1 forces each scanline to be encoded without differencing. LZW-spe‐ cific options are specified by appending a ``:''-separated list to the ``lzw'' option; e.g. -c lzw:2 for LZW compression with hori‐ zontal differencing. -C Specify the number of entries to use in the generated colormap. By default all 256 entries/colors are used. -f Apply Floyd-Steinberg dithering before selecting a colormap entry. -r Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of data writ‐ ten to the output file. By default, tiffmedian attempts to set the rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a strip. NOTES This program is derived from Paul Heckbert's median program. SEE ALSO pal2rgb(1), tiffinfo(1), tiffcp(1), tiffcmp(1), libtiff(3TIFF) Color Image Quantization for Frame Buffer Display, Paul Heckbert, SIG‐ GRAPH proceedings, 1982, pp. 297-307. Libtiff library home page: http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/ libtiff November 2, 2005 TIFFMEDIAN(1)


Methods
combine(arr1, arr2, processFunction) → {Array}
Call to processFunction wich each possible combination of elements in arr1 and arr2
and return an array with the result of each call to processFunction. ej. We have two list of coords and
we want all possible combinations of points. Simple as call this functions with the list and the constructor.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
arr1 |
Array | Unsorted array. |
arr2 |
Array | Unsorted array. |
processFunction |
Array | Two arguments function which return a new element. |
Returns:
Array of elements according to description.
- Type
- Array
compare(srtf1, srtf2, compareFunction) → {Number}
Compared each two elements in two sorted arrays until one return non sero value.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
srtf1 |
Array | SortFilter Array. |
srtf2 |
Array | SortFilter Array. |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
Returns:
A number minor, equal or bigger than 0 according to description.
- Type
- Number
equal(srtf1, srtf2, compareFunction) → {Bool}
Compare two sorted array
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
srtf1 |
Array | SortFilter Array. |
srtf2 |
Array | SortFilter Array. |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
Returns:
Return true if succeed or false other way.
- Type
- Bool
exclusion(srtf1, srtf2, compareFunction)
New SortFilter Array with elements of srtf1 which are not duplicated in srtf2.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
srtf1 |
Array | , SortFilter Array. |
srtf2 |
Array | , SortFilter Array. |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
intersection(srtf1, srtf2, compareFunction) → {Array}
New SortFilter Array with elements duplicated in both Arrays, by duplicate means compare function return 0.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
srtf1 |
Array | , SortFilter Array. |
srtf2 |
Array | , SortFilter Array. |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
Returns:
New Array of elements according to description.
- Type
- Array
mutualExclusion(srtf1, srtf2, compareFunction)
New SortFilter Array with elements of srtf1 which are not duplicated in srtf2
and elements of srtf2 which are not duplicated in srtf1.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
srtf1 |
Array | , SortFilter Array. |
srtf2 |
Array | , SortFilter Array. |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
removeEquals(srtf, compareFunction) → {Array}
Compare contiguous elemented and remove the second if the compare function return any
value different than 0.
This method is usual used to remove repeated elements in a previously sorted Array.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
srtf |
Array | SortFilter Array. |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
Returns:
New Array of elements according to description.
- Type
- Array
sliceFind(srtf, value, compareFunction) → {Array}
New Array starting from first index where compare function return 0 or positive numeber.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
srtf |
Array | , SortFilter Array. |
value |
* | |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
Returns:
New Array of elements according to description.
- Type
- Array
sort(array, compareFunction) → {Array}
Same as Array.sort with the addition that is retuning a new Array.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
array |
Array | |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
Returns:
New Array of elements according to description.
- Type
- Array
sortFilter(array, compareFunction) → {Array}
Sort Array and then remove equal contiguos elements in both cases using compare function.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
array |
Array | |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
Returns:
New Array of elements according to description.
- Type
- Array
union(srtf1, srtf2, compareFunction) → {Array}
SortFilter Array of values in both sorted arrays without repeating values.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
srtf1 |
Array | SortFilter Array. |
srtf2 |
Array | SortFilter Array. |
compareFunction |
Funcion | Two argument function that return a number minor, equal or bigger than 0. |
Returns:
New Array of elements according to description.
- Type
- Array


Pokémon Center London Calls In New Pikachu Plush As Items Start To Permanently Sell Out
The "unprecedented demand" continues
by Ryan CraddockLondon's pop-up Pokémon Center has introduced a new Pikachu plush for visitors to buy as other products begin to completely disappear from shelves.
The Pokémon Company has revealed that, starting today, the London Guard Pikachu plush will be available in limited quantities. There is a limit of one London Guard Pikachu plush per visitor, and daily quantities will also be limited, presumably ensuring that stock lasts until the store's closure at the end of the week.
While not exclusive to the pop-up store, the London Guard plush appears to have been stocked in a bid to cope with the number of visitors still arriving each day. The London City Pikachu plush sold out completely yesterday due to what the store has called "phenomenal demand", and the Grookey, Scorbunny and Sobble Varsity Hoodies also sold out at the same time.
The store has been struggling to cope with demand ever since it opened last month, with an increasing number of Pokémon fans asking for a permanent solution in the future. We've said it before and we'll say it again: the UK could absolutely benefit from a full-time Nintendo/Pokémon store.
Here's hoping it'll happen sometime soon.
[via twitter.com]


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block head %} {{ super() }}
| Steam Games* | Games w/HLTB times (%) | Average Main | Average Completion | Steam IDs queried | Total # of queries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{stats.total_steam}} | {{stats.total_with_hours}} ({{"%.2f" % ((stats.total_with_hours / stats.total_steam) * 100) }}%) | {{"%.2f" % stats.average_main}} | {{"%.2f" % stats.average_completion}} | {{ids}} | {{queries}} |
* Note: This number is likely not completely accurate. The reason is that the method used to retrieve games from the Steam API also returns stuff like demos and trailers. A good chunk of those are not actually games. Additionally, the percentage of Games w/HLTB times should keep going up as we find more games with inconsistent titles.
{% endblock content %}


Python is an object-oriented programming language. It allows us to develop applications using Object Oriented approach. In Python, we can easily create and use classes and objects.
Major principles of object-oriented programming system are given below:
=> Object
=> Class
=> Method
=> Inheritance
=> Polymorphism
=> Data Abstraction
=> Encapsulation
Object::
Object is nothing but physical entity.
For example: mouse, keyboard, chair, table, pen etc.
Class::
Class is nothing but logical entity.
For example: animals,motorvical etc
Method:
A special kind of function that is defined in a class definition.
Inheritance:
The transfer of the characteristics of a class to other classes that are derived from it.
Polymorphism:
Polymorphism is made by two words "poly" and "morphs". Poly means many and Morphs means form, shape. It defines that one task can be performed in different ways.
Data Abstraction:
Abstraction is used to hide internal details and show only functionalities.
Encapsulation:
Encapsulation is also the feature of object-oriented programming. It is used to restrict access to methods and variables. In encapsulation, code and data are wrapped together within a single unit from being modified by accident.
syntax:
class ClassName:
statement-1
.
.
statement-N
Example
Display Employee Name and Salary
class Employee:
empCount = 0
def __init__(self, name, salary):
self.name = name
self.salary = salary
Employee.empCount += 1
def Count(self):
print("Total Employee %d" % Employee.empCount)
def Employee(self):
print("Name : ", self.name, ", Salary: ", self.salary)
ob=Employee("Chandan",67000.23) #creating object
ob.Count()
ob.Employee()
o/p:
Total Employee 1
Name : Chandan , Salary: 67000.23
Example
Display Employee Name and Salary
class Employee:
empCount = 0
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
Employee.empCount += 1
def Count(self):
print("Total Employee %d" % Employee.empCount)
def Employee(self,sal):
print("Name : ", self.name, ", Salary: ", sal)
name=input("Enter Employee name")
sal=float(input("Enter salary"))
ob=Employee(name)
ob.Count()
ob.Employee(sal)
o/p:
Enter Employee nameRam
Enter salary61000.236
Total Employee 1
Name : Ram , Salary: 61000.236
It is a method that is useful to create instance variable and initialize them :
Type of constructor:
1. Default constructor or zero parameterize constructor
2. parameterize constructor one or more constructors
When we called constructor : It is called automatically when object is created
Parameterize constructor:
Example
#create a student class store name and marks in 5 subject
class student:
def __init__(self,name,mark):
self.name=name
self.mark=mark
def division(self):
print("Name:",self.name,"\nmarks:\t",self.mark[0],self.mark[1],self.mark[2],self.mark[3],self.mark[4])
print("\nTotal marks:\t",sum(self.mark))
ob=student("Tarun",[82,66,68,72,55,75])
ob.division()
o/p:
Name: Tarun
marks: 82 66 68 72 55
Total marks: 418
Default constructor:
Example
#create a student class store name and marks in 5 subject
class student:
def __init__(self,name="Barun",mark=[57,87,92,86,78]): #in parameter we use defult value
self.name=name
self.mark=mark
def division(self):
print("Name:",self.name,"\nmarks:\t",self.mark[0],self.mark[1],self.mark[2],self.mark[3],self.mark[4])
print("\nTotal marks:\t",sum(self.mark))
ob=student()
ob.division()
o/p:
Name: Barun
marks: 57 87 92 86 78
Total marks: 400
1.Instance variable:
=> If instance var is modified in an object it will not effect other objects.
=> If class var is modified in an object it will affect other objects.
=> but class var is modified in instance namespace ,it not affect in other object .
2.Static variable or class variable :
Single copy share by all objects.
Example
class st:
x=10
class st:
x=10
@classmethod # @classmethod decorator work as global obj Next progrem write without decorator and see output
def modify(cls):
cls.x+=1
s1=st()
s2=st()
print(s1.x,s2.x)
s1.modify()
print(s1.x,s2.x)
o/p:
10 10
11 11
Example 2
class st:
x=10
#@classmethod # @classmethod decorator work as global obj
def modify(cls):
cls.x+=1
s1=st()
s2=st()
print(s1.x,s2.x)
s1.modify()
print(s1.x,s2.x)
o/p:
10 10
11 10
The variable which are inside a class 2 type :
1> Instance variable
2> Class variable
Types of methods:
1> Instance method -> act upon instance variable
a> accessor method->only read not modify the instance variable
Eg. getter method.getxxx()
b> mutator method->not only read but also modify them
Eg. setter method.getxxx()
#write emp class with getter and setter method
class emp:
def setId(self,id):
self.id=id
def getid(self):
return(self.id)
def setName(self,name):
self.name=name
def getName(self):
return(self.name)
def setSal(self,sal):
self.sal=sal
def getSal(self):
return(self.sal)
ob=emp()
ob.setId(10)
ob.setName("Babu")
ob.setSal(123532.45)
print(ob.getid())
print(ob.getName())
print(ob.getSal())
o/p:
10
Babu
123532.45
Outer class and Inner class :
Example
#create DOB class inside student class
class std:
def __init__(self):
self.id=10
self.name="Babu"
def disp(self):
print("Id:",self.id,"\tName:\t",self.name)
class dob: #inner class
def __init__(self):
self.dd=4
self.mm=11
self.yy=1994
def disp(self):
print("DOB:\t",self.yy,"-",self.mm,"-",self.dd)
s=std()
s.disp()
#for inner class
d=std().dob()
d.disp()
o/p:
Id: 10 Name: Babu
DOB: 1994 - 11 - 4


Bristol-based Multimedia Professional, specialising in Audio Engineering and Webside Development.
This site serves as both a professional portfolio and a space for me to share my musings on aspects of my various professional projects. The site is built on the MEAN.JS Javascript stack (MongoDB, Express, Angular and Node), and the source code for the site is available from my GitHub account.
Links to recent Projects
Links to recent Articles
Links to recent Tutorials


A subtrope of Title Drop, where the title of a work is used as the last line spoken or near its end. Often, the title drop will finally explain why the episode/book/etc is called that way to begin with. You can probably find these mainly in thriller works, where it makes you sit up and think (and adds a bit of drama to the ending). It's also common in plays that were written during the Victorian era.
The Namesake could be this, when revealed in the final moments.
Compare to Theme Music Withholding. Not to be confused with Close on Title. When it's not dropped in-universe but rather as the title of the finale, it's a Title Drop Chapter.
Examples
- Baka and Test: Summon the Beasts. The final episodes for both seasons are titled: "Baka to Test to Shoukanjuu," though an exclamation mark was added for the second season.
- Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann. The final version of the Gurren Lagann mecha that they used in the finale against the Anti Spirals is called exactly as the title (meaning "Heaven Piercing Gurren Lagann").
- The name of the final episode of Hoshi no Kirby (dubbed as Kirby: Right Back at Ya!) was "Tobe!" ("Fly!" in English) followed by the title of the show.
- The final episode's title for Darker Than Black is "Does the Reaper Dream of Darkness Darker than Black?".
- The very last words of Shangri-La.
- The final episode's title and last spoken word for Welcome to the N.H.K., aside from the first episode.
- Goshuushou-sama Ninomiya-kun ends with the show's title as the final spoken line by Hosaka as he overlooks another normal, chaotic morning with the many women surrounding Shungo Ninomiya.
- Re:CREATORS turns out to be the name of the novel Meteora writes in the last episode about all the things the Creations experienced.
- Yamada-kun and the Seven Witches is revealed to be the name of the book Yamada reads to his children in the Distant Finale.
- Never Been Bothered's final line is "And not once, ever, did I care. It's never bothered me." This refers to the protagonist not caring that Anna and Elsa are sisters.
- The sixth and final Chapter of Where Talent Goes To Die shares the title of the fanfic.
- My Name Is Molly ends with Molly giving her ID and confirming her identity with "My name is Molly".
- The final line in Final Toll is "The final bell tolled."
- The Petriculture Cycle: The last chapter of Avocation is "Avocation", named such because the story is of someone trying to find a job, a.k.a an avocation, and they have succeeded at the end.
- The Great Mouse Detective. Dawson's closing lines.
Dawson: From that time on, Basil and I were a close team, and over the years we had many cases together. But I shall always look back on that first with the most fondness: My introduction to Basil of Baker Street: The great mouse detective.
- The last line of Big Hero 6 is Hiro asking "Who are we?", then the scene cuts to a title card showing "Big Hero 6".
- The Dark Knight. Commissioner Gordon's final monologue.
Gordon: Because he's the hero Gotham deserves, but not the one it needs right now. So, we'll hunt him, because he can take it. Because he's not our hero. He's a silent guardian. A watchful protector. A Dark Knight.
- In the final moments of Countess Dracula Elizabeth Bathroy, bricked up in the room she'll spend the rest of her life in, hears the whisperings outside as they call her Countess Dracula - an allusion to Dracula which hadn't occurred at any point earlier in the film.
- In the last scene of Back to the Future Part III, Marty asks Doc if he's going "back to the future."
Doc: Already been there.
- The final line of Chinatown:
Walsh: Forget it, Jake... it's Chinatown.
- The ending of Fantastic Four (2015) mixes this trope with Close on Title when the main characters are discussing what name they should give to their team:
Reed Richards: We've come a long way since the garage.
The Thing: Gotta say, it's fantastic.
Reed Richards: Say that again...
The Thing: It's fantastic.
Reed Richards: Yes, it is. Guys, I got it. Ready?
Johnny Storm: Yeah...
FANT4STIC - The titular address of 10 Cloverfield Lane is the street on which Howard lives. We learn this when Michelle knocks over the house's mailbox as she flees Howard's bunker after destroying the alien craft.
- In While You Were Sleeping, the title is quoted by the main character:
Lucy: Peter once asked me when I fell in love with Jack. And I told him, "It was while you were sleeping."
- The final line from the film adaptation of The Land That Time Forgot:
Tyler: However, we are determined to move ever northward, ever forward, toward the greater mysteries that lie ahead, of this land that time forgot.
- The last line of The Last of the Mohicans concludes with the title.
Chingachgook: Bid them patience and ask death for speed; for they are all there but one - I, Chingachgook - Last of the Mohicans.
- The closing narration of Spider-Man ends with the title:
Peter Parker: This is my gift. My curse. Who am I? I'm Spider Man."
- Iron Man ends with Tony Stark admitting:
Tony Stark: Truth is... I am Iron Man.
- I, Frankenstein has a closing monologue ending with the title:
Adam: I, defender of the demon hoard. I, my father's son. I, Frankenstein.
- The essay read at the end of The Breakfast Club is signed "Sincerely yours, The Breakfast Club"
- Subverted in the final scene of Mystery Men the team is being interviewed by a group of reporters, wanting to know their team name.
Becky Beaner: Well, whatever you call them, Champion City will forever owe a debt of gratitude to these mystery men.
The Sphinx: Wait! Wait, that's it! We are... the Super Squad! [awkward silence]
The Bowler: No, no, alliteration in these situations is corny.
- The Heroes of Olympus. Hera/Juno does it while speaking with Jason about his destiny in the last chapter of The Lost Hero, the first book of the series.
- The last five words of the novel The Silence of the Lambs are "the silence of the lambs," in reference to an intense conversation Clarice had earlier on with Lecter about witnessing lambs being slaughtered as a child.
- Done in I Am Legend.
- The Avi book Sometimes I Think I Hear My Name uses itself as the last line spoken.
- The title of All Quiet on the Western Front appears on the last page. It's the official report of combat status on the day the narrator dies.
- Happens in the short novel/novella They Shoot Horses, Don't They?, where the title is used in the last chapter as an explanation for why the main character shot his depressed girlfriend who couldn't kill herself�he had to put her out of her misery. (Don't worry, not a spoiler, it's the first thing in the book.)
- The Crying of Lot 49 plays with this. The title is the final line of text, and deliberately makes absolutely no sense until then. It turns out that the 49th lot (property) at an auction is maybe relevant to the mystery, and Oedipa is waiting for that lot to be cried (sold). The book ends just before the crying starts, because Thomas Pynchon likes doing that sort of thing, so we never find out what happens.
- The Boy Who Was As Hard As Stone
- The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas
- Till We Have Faces. The explanation for the title only comes near the end of the final chapter:
I saw well why the gods do not speak to us openly, nor let us answer. Till that word can be dug out of us, why should they hear the babble that we think we mean? How can they meet us face to face till we have faces?
- Rush Limbaugh Is a Big Fat Idiot by Al Franken has this as the last paragraph of the original final chapter (not counting the four extra chapters added to the paperback edition):
And as the plane turned and banked its wings, a stream of light pierced the window, bathing my face in the orange glow of the sun setting over the American continent.
- Isaac Asimov:
- "The Bicentennial Man": The phrase "bicentennial man" shows up near the end, in a heartfelt recognition of Andrew's very human life.
- Foundation Series:
- "The Merchant Princes": At the end of the story, Mayor Mallow casually mentions the original title ("The Big and the Little") when explaining the Proxy War between Foundation and the Empire, with Korell as the Empire's proxy. The Foundation thinks and is "little", while the Empire thinks and was "big" (still the largest Galactic Superpower, but much smaller than it was).
- "The General (Foundation)": When this story was revised for publication in Foundation and Empire, the original title "Dead Hand" was reused for chapter 3, "The Dead Hand". The last line of Chapter 3 is General Riose summarizing the conflict; "a dead hand against a living will".
- it's such a beautiful day: The story occurs in a future where everyone uses a Door to teleport from place-to-place. It ends with the psychiatrist deciding to walk home, so that they can enjoy the beautiful weather.
So he said in a soft voice, as his hand fell away from the board and his feet turned away from the Door, "You know, it's such a beautiful day that I think I'll walk."
- "Not Final": This story is about Prosser, a scientist working on creating force fields capable of holding an atmosphere against the vacuum of space. He declares that it is scientifically impossible, and repeats "That's final!" several times. This story subverts the trope by having an epilogue where another character has managed to do exactly that, showing how wrong Prosser is, and making the title a response to Prosser's claim.
- George's Secret Key to the Universe. The title of the talk George gives at the end is My Secret Key To The Universe.
- In George and the Ship of Time, the sixth and final book in the series, "ship of time" is dropped by Annie in the last paragraph. Downplayed as it was dropped earlier in the book as well and it is not the full title.
- The last spoken words in the the TV series Happy Days 11-season run.
Howard Cunningham: Here's to happy days.
- Heartbreakingly delivered by Marisa in the final episode of Aquí no hay quien viva:
Marisa: Vámonos, que aquí ya no hay quien viva.Translation
- Private Practice has this in the final episode in the form of Violet's book title.
- Star Trek: The Next Generation: Close to the end of the last episode...
Q: It's time to put an end to your trek through the stars.
- Orphan Black is revealed to be the title of Helena's memoir in the series finale.
- In The Importance of Being Earnest, the title drop is the final line of the play. Lady Bracknell reproaches Jack, who has just become engaged to the woman he loves, for displaying signs of levity, and he assures her that he now understands as never before "the vital importance of being earnest".
Jack Worthing: On the contrary, Aunt Augusta, I've now realised for the first time in my life the vital Importance of Being Earnest.
- "You're a good man, Charlie Brown." Not only the first song, but the last line of the play (spoken by Lucy, of all people).
- Touhou: The final spellcards of Mountain of Faith and Scarlet Weather Rhapsody share their names with the English half of game's title. Similarly, Ten Desires' final card includes the Japanese portion of the title in its name. Double Spoiler just has a regular Title Drop in the last bit of dialogue.
- OFF has this as the last text before the credits in the normal ending:
The switch is now on OFF
- Sonic the Hedgehog gets in two title drops during the final, minute-long cutscene of Sonic Heroes, one of which is the very last line of dialogue in the game. The subtitles even render them in all upper case to make them even more obvious.
Neo Metal Sonic: It's no use... but why can't I defeat you?Sonic: Because... we're Sonic Heroes![later]Sonic: Alright! Our next adventure awaits us, so there's no time to waste! Yeah! We're Sonic Heroes!
- Eternal Senia: Hydrangea After The Rain: Dropped both exactly, and by implication:
- The subtitle, "Hydragea After The Rain", is the title of the last chapter, before the epilogue, seen in the "The Story So Far menu".
- In the final chapter before the epilogue, when Magaleta compares Senia to such hydrageas:
You are just like the star in the night sky, the hydrangea that blooms in the rainy spring...
Dainty, fragile
I want to shield you from every terrible thing in this world
But you're so strong.
You blossom splendidly, even after storms and tempests,
just like the hydrangea. - Dark Souls III: The phrase "dark soul" comes up multiple times in The Ringed City, the last DLC, which is intended as the Grand Finale of the series. Lapp, a.k.a Patches even says "A fine dark soul to you" during your last encounter with him, as though he's telling the player goodbye, and the item you get for beating the final boss is called "The Dark Soul of Man".
- The sequel to Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan has an epic Title Scream as the two cheer squads reconcile their differences and cheer hard enough to reignite the dying sun:
Leaders: OSU!Other members: TATAKAE!Everyone they helped: OUENDAAAAN!!
- The final chapter of Rose Guns Days has the series' title with the Final Season's cover splashing on the screen (the "chapter change" animation also has several page flips instead of one normally). Just before it appears, Rose also declares "the final chapter of these days of roses and guns", which is the closest thing to a Title Drop the dialogues can have.
- Dinosaur Comics: Discussed in #2009, where T-rex and his friends invent new last lines for famous novels that would be examples of this trope.
T-rex: In the end, I guess we really had crossed... The Bridges of Madison County.
- Better Days: In the end, the last spoken words are a title drop:
Fisk: With all I've been through, the future can only hold better days.
- Leftover Soup ends with Jamie offering to teach cooking to his new friend.
Jamie: I think I've got some leftovers at home [...]. Let's go see what we can turn them into.
- Aqua Teen Hunger Force titled one episode "Last Last One Forever and Ever", and one of the last lines of that episode is Carl commenting that Master Shake, Frylock, and Meatwad truly were an Aqua Teen Hunger Force. The creators believed this would be the show's final episode, but then the series was renewed. The hilarious part is that even so late into the show's run, the title still makes just as little sense as it always has.


A multiplayer drawing app.
(2020-11-02)
(2020-11-01)
Blushies community Blushyface Katzen48 Dracaratos adeleine
Are you sure you want to clear the room? This will delete everything that was drawn. Including everything drawn from others!


Todo¶
Subcommands in IPython and Jupyter.¶
There’s a ton that could be done here. Well I guess sub-apps would be a better name for it but whatever.
Mostly here to note that I think the ‘editor’ hooks
doesn’t work the way it’s supposed to if you want to configure it.
If you run %edit
in the shell it doesn’t provide any arguments, but
it’ll complain that it needs a function that accepts 4 positional parameters.
I’m pretty confident it isn’t just me calling the function wrong too. Try this.:
from IPython import get_ipython
ip = get_ipython()
ip.hooks['editor'].chain
# inspect your hooks look normal
from IPython.core.hooks import fix_error_editor
ip.hooks['editor'].add(fix_error_editor)
%edit # --> complains that it needs 3 more positional parameters
Before I noticed this, I wrote a function that only accepts 1 positional arg, which btw…it was the filename duh. I don’t know or care what column number I start at??? and takes optional keyword arguments.
Said the function was getting called wrong as it only accepted 1 positional and was being called with 4. sigh.
IPython history¶
-
history
¶
Here’s some seemingly inconsistent behavior.
$: ipython history
No subcommand specified. Must specify one of: dict_keys(['trim', 'clear'])
Manage the IPython history database.
Subcommands
-----------
Subcommands are launched as `ipython-history cmd [args]`. For information
on using subcommand 'cmd', do: `ipython-history cmd -h`.
So there we have instructions to use the invocation ipython-history
.
$: ipython-history -h
ipython-history: command not found
Erhm. That’s confusing.
So how does the history
command work?
IPython History API¶
Interact with the IPython sqlite3
database.
-
trim
¶
Trim the IPython history database to the last 1000 entries.
-
clear
¶
Clear the IPython history database, deleting all entries.
Also the original implementation only defines 2 options for the subcommand.
But it would be nice to have options like backup
and grep
or something. Though to be fair the :class:`~IPython.utils.text.SList` class
has a ‘grep’ method.
There are a handful of nice to have but ultimately pointless functions in
IPython.utils
so why not take advantage?
Writing Magics For Our Users¶
In the documentation, it specifies the requirements for a magic.
And I quote the custommagics
document.:
There are two main ways to define your own magic functions: from standalone functions and by inheriting from a base class provided by IPython,
Magics
.
It then gives an example.
from IPython.core.magic import (Magics, magics_class,
line_magic,cell_magic, line_cell_magic)
# The class MUST call this class decorator at creation time
@magics_class
class MyMagics(Magics):
@line_magic
def lmagic(self, line):
"my line magic"
print("Full access to the main IPython object:", self.shell)
print("Variables in the user namespace:", list(self.shell.user_ns.keys()))
return line
@cell_magic
def cmagic(self, line, cell):
"my cell magic"
return line, cell
@line_cell_magic
def lcmagic(self, line, cell=None):
"Magic that works both as %lmagic and as %%cmagic"
if cell is None:
print("Called as line magic")
return line
else:
print("Called as cell magic")
return line, cell
# In order to actually use these magics, you must register them with a
# running IPython instance.
def load_ipython_extension(ipython):
"""
Any module file that define a function named `load_ipython_extension`
can be loaded via `%load_ext module.path` or be configured to be
autoloaded by IPython at startup time.
"""
# You can register the class itself without instantiating it. IPython will
# call the default constructor on it.
ipython.register_magics(MyMagics)
How can we rewrite the magic implementation so that the decorator magics_class
isn’t required anymore?
Like if they pass us a string can we not just feed it to our own home-brewed wrapper function? Off the top of my head I’m guessing something like this.:
arg, _ = sys.argv[1:]
if not hasattr(arg, 'load_ext'): # or whatever interface is expected
@magics_class
@functools.wraps
def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
return *args, **kwargs
shell.register_magic('MyMagic') # <---- incorrectly passed as a str
# But in the register_magic method we would do:
class InteractiveShell:
...
def register_magic(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Run that interface check with
if not hasattr(arg, 'load_ext'): # or whatever interface is expected
# and then call the wrapped function with the args that were passed to us
...
# the usual stuff
I’m sure that I poorly executed that here; however, after some deliberation, would it be that hard to do?
-
%alias_magic
¶ Create an alias for an already definedmagic.
%alias_magic
is really convenient and makes it possible to create really
short monikers for rather complicated mixes of shell scripts and object-oriented
python. But it doesn’t copy over the __doc__ from the old magic.
There’s a ton of good information that gets lost going from %edit
to %ed
and
%history
to %hist
. Anything we can do about that?


--- layout: default ---
{{ site.author_bio }}
{{ skill }}
{{ project.project_description }}
{{ project.project_url}}
{{ exp.description }}
{{ exp.company_url}}
{{detail.description}}
{{ detail.college_url}}
{{project.project_description}}
{{project.project_url}}
{{cert.cert_description}}
{{cert.cert_url}}


Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Best class template with details
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Do share
Help us to get more
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Help us to get more
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
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{
if(!$c{org}->is_generic_nctest)
{
$OUT.=<<"+++";
Processing a quiz means turning scores (e.g 34.5 / 50) into Assessments (e.g. level 4a).
This is performed as to the assessment groups created in the quiz paper.
The automatic marking analysis gives you an overview of the system marks assigned for the quiz.
The question analysis gives you a summary of which questions were scored by which pupils.
The level analysis is a summary of the levels attained by each pupil as a result of this quiz.
+++
}
else
{
$OUT.=<<"+++";
Processing is not really needed (it is used in other versions of the system) but will complete the grid of tests shown on the left.
+++
}
}


{{ backLink({
"href": "prior-notification-5-defer-length",
"text": "Back to step 3 - How long do you want to defer the patient for?"
}) }}
Step 3 of 3
View more information about the patient
Status
Routine
Next test due date
1st May 2020
Last test result Date
1st May 2017
Last test result
(X0A) No cytology result, HPV negative, routine recall


Toggle navigation
Master node monitor interface - Graph visualization
Network visualization for Iteration: #{{ master_iteration_id }}
Center graph
Mouse wheel to zoom, click and drag to move.


The following example shows how to configure a password policy with passfault. Just slide the bar.
Imagine configuring a password policy based on the time to crack. As an administrator you specify the strength of your organizations passwords. It is as easy as moving a slider bar. As you move the slider bar higher, the time to crack is increased for your entire organization. You know exactly the risk passwords pose to your organization.
Now consider the alternatives. Instead of setting the strength of passwords as a policy, alternatives check only properties that may, or may not, increase password strength. As an administrator consider the usual policy options:
These restrictions do not indicate password strength. As an example consider this password pattern: press all the keys under your hand in a row, "4567", then hold shift and do it again "$%^&", then move your hand down and repeat, "rtyuRTYU". The result is a 16 character password that satisfies most policies. Passfault recognizes the four horizontal keyboard pattern each with a size of 296, easily cracked, and only detected by passfault.


DA-ESS-MITREContent¶
Overview¶
This application provides compliance and triage dashboards for MITRE ATT&CK Framework that are fully integrated with Splunk Enterprise Security(https://splunkbase.splunk.com/app/263/) and Splunk ES Content Update (https://splunkbase.splunk.com/app/3449/) with drill-down capabilities.
Prerequisites:¶
Splunk Enterprise 7.x or above
Splunk Enterprise Security 5.2 or above
Splunk ES Content Update 1.0.40 or above


Creating Responses - New Telegram Instant Message
- To setup this feature, you need to select a valid "Telegram Bot" from
the dropdown menu or start
adding one.
- Specify the message that should be send to all reciepents. You could
make use of placeholders that will be replaced in the following manner:
You could use the following placeholders:
'$lockname' = will be replaced by the name of the lock on which the event
has been arised
'$lockphi' = ... by the serialnumber (phi) of the lock ...
'$transpondername' = ... by the name of the transponder owner ...
'$transponderphi' = ... and its phi ...
'$datetime' = ... by the time, the event has been received from the
EventMessenger
'$accessresult' ... by the result of the particular event (e.g. access
granted)
If you leave this blank, a default Message weill be send in english.
BE AWARE: Availability of placeholders is bound to the event type. A
doormonitoring event for example doesnt know anything about the transponder
owner. With that said, $transpondername and $transponderphi will be replaced
with "$dontcare" if used in an doormonitoring event.
- Click on "OK" to complete the telegram message configuration.