lab01 : Define implement and apply a C++ class
| num | ready? | description | assigned | due |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lab01 | true | Define implement and apply a C++ class | Tue 04/03 11:00AM | Mon 04/09 11:59PM |
Goals for this lab
By the time you have completed this lab, you should be able to
- Define a simple C++ class
- Implement a simple C++ class definition
- Test a simple C++ class implementation
We assume you already know everything that was covered in Lab00, and we will not repeat instructions given there for basic operations. This assignment must be completed individually.
Step by Step Instructions
Step 1a: Do some initial ONE-TIME git configurations
-
On separate machines, log onto your account.
-
Open a terminal window. As a reminder, that’s the Application Menu, then System Tools, then Terminal Window.
-
In your ~/cs24 directory, type the following commands, replacing Alex Triton with your name and<EMAIL_ADDRESS>with your email address.
git config --global user.name "Alex Triton"
git config --global user.email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-
Next, generate a private/public key pair and upload your public key to your github account. Refer to this tutorial: https://ucsb-cs56-pconrad.github.io/topics/github_ssh_keys/. In the process of setting up your key pair, when asked for a passphrase just press enter. By doing this step you will avoid having to enter a password or passphrase everytime you push your code to git.
-
Clone the starter code repo from our class organization to your cs24 directory.
git clone git@github.com:ucsb-cs24-s18/cs24-s18-starter-code.git
Note that this repo contains the starter code for all labs and programming assignments (although only the code for lab01 is up to date). So, you don’t have to repeat the above step in subsequent labs.
Step 1b: Create a new repo and clone it on your local machine
-
Create a repo for this lab just like you did in lab00: To do this, open a browser and navigate to https://github.com. Log into your github account. From the drop down menu on the left, select our class organization: ucsb-cs24-s18 and proceed to create a new repo using the correct naming convention. You may refer to the instructions in lab00. Also you must set the visibity of your repo to be ‘PRIVATE’ when creating it. We will not repeat these instructions in subsequent labs.
-
Clone the repo on your local machine: Navigate to your repo on github. If your repo is named lab00_jgaucho, then you have to go to to the link: https://github.com/ucsb-cs24-s18/lab00_jgaucho. Click on the green “clone or download” button. Then click on the address of your repo as shown in the figure below:
- In your terminal navigate to your cs24 directory, then paste the address you just copied to the terminal following the git clone command. Here is an example of the steps
cd ~/cs24
git clone git@github.com:ucsb-cs24-s18/lab00_jgaucho.git
- The above command will create a new directory with the same name as your git repo. Change into that directory. For our example repo we need to type
cd lab00_jgaucho
You will write all the code for this assignment in this directory
Step 1c: Copy the starter code to your repo
Copy the starter code to your git repo directory
cp ../cs24-s18-starter-code/lab01/* ./
You should see two files in your current directory: rugfit1.cpp and rugfit2.cpp
Step 1d: Push your code to github
In furture labs we will refer to all the steps in this section as “push your code to github”. What we really mean is that you sync up a current version of your code with your repo on https://github.com. Follow these steps to sync the current version of your code:
- Check the status of the files that changed since the last time you synced your repo. Just type git status as follows:
git status
You should see the following output:
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
rugfit1.cpp
rugfit2.cpp
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
- Now add the files that were modified since the last sync using git add
git add rugfit1.cpp rugfit2.cpp
OR
git add .
Type git status
again and you should see that two files appear in green. This means they are ready to be “saved” locally as a new version of your project.
- Save the current version of your code as follows:
git commit -m "Initial version of lab01"
- Finally sync your latest changes with your repo on https://github.com using git push
git push origin master
Navigate to your repo and refresh your browser. You should see the two new files that you added to your repo appear in your repo online.
Your code is now accessible to the CS24 teaching staff for feedback. This is the primary reason we are using github in this class. As you write new code in your local repo, repeat the steps in this section to sync your changes with your repo on github.
Step 3: Study a non-OO program
In the rest of this lab, you will finish writing a C++ program that uses an object-oriented (OO) approach to solve exactly the same problems that are solved by rugfit1.cpp - but first study this program to understand the problems and their non-OO solutions:
- After including the standard C++ input-output library, a utility function is defined for calculating the area of a rectangle. All other work is done inside the main function.
- All variables are declared at the beginning of main.
- The user is prompted to enter data, and the data are read into the appropriate variables.
- Calculations are performed using the area function to help.
- Results are printed.
Here is a sample run of the program :
-bash-4.3$ ./rugfit1
enter width and length of floor: 10.5 15
enter width and length of rug: 13.2 7.9
floor area: 157.5
rug area: 104.28
leftover rug area: 0
empty floor area: 53.22
Your revision of this program should operate exactly the same way. You will make the revision using the provided skeleton code in rugfit2.cpp
Step 4: Know what it means to design an OO program
An experienced OO programmer would frown at the sight of variable names like floorWidth and floorLength, and would absolutely cringe at then seeing names like rugWidth and rugLength. Such a programmer’s object-oriented training would scream out the need for objects named floor and rug, each with its own width and length attributes. And although this programmer would appreciate the procedural abstraction of an area function, he or she would prefer to let the floor and rug objects calculate their own areas. In response, the OO programmer probably would decide to write a class that can represent either a floor or a rug, or any other rectangle for that matter. Then he would use objects of this class to solve problems - maybe even future problems the programmer is not facing yet.
Here are the steps necessary to achieve such an object-oriented solution:
-
Write a class definition for class Rectangle. This definition includes declarations for private instance variables to store a width and a height, and declarations for public methods that can be used by programs that need Rectangle objects. This class is the abstraction (the ADT).
-
Define (a.k.a. implement) the methods of class Rectangle that were only declared in the class definition. These method definitions use a special syntax that includes a “scope resolution operator” (::) to tie them to the Rectangle class. These methods implement the abstraction.
-
Create and use Rectangle objects to solve problems, often just in a main function. This main function applies the abstraction.
-
Discuss the meaning of these steps with your lab partner, to make sure you both understand (at least generally) what you are to do, and hopefully gain an appreciation for why you might want to do it that way.
Step 5: Complete rugfit2.cpp
First you should study the parts of rugfit2.cpp that are complete. It consists of three main parts - and in later labs you will normally store such parts in separate files: (1) the abstraction - class Rectangle is defined; (2) the implementation - the methods of class Rectangle are defined (a.k.a. implemented); and (3) the application - the main function is defined. Your job involves additions to each of these parts.
Now it is time to edit the program with emacs or another editor of your choice. Lab00 had a link to some emacs help if you need it.
emacs rugfit2.cpp
-
Make the following edits, then save, and quit the editor. Maybe you want to switch roles between pilot and navigator about now (but stay logged into the original pilot’s account).
-
Fix the comment at the top to show your names and the date you are doing this lab. By the way, this instruction always applies whether or not we remind you to do it in future labs or programming projects - always type your name(s) and the date at the top of all your programs.
-
In the definition of class Rectangle: declare a function named area that will take no arguments and will return a double value. Make the function const - meaning it promises not to change the object on which it is called - just like the getWidth and getLength functions that are already declared in the skeleton.
-
Scroll down past the end of the class definition and past the existing definitions of the constructor and four standard get and set methods, and then define the area method you declared above. Look at the other method definitions as examples for how to do it - notice they use the scope resolution operator to identify their connection to a particular class, as in Rectangle::setLength which identifies it as pertaining to class Rectangle. Return the value of length times width.
-
In the main function: prompt the user for the width and length of the rug, read those two values from the user, and then reset the width and length of the Rectangle object named rug with the user’s dimensions (using the rug’s setWidth and setLength methods, of course). As a reminder, you use the object’s name, the dot operator, and the name of the method to do such things. For example, if we wanted to find the value of the floor’s width, we could do so by using the getWidth method as follows: floor.getWidth()
-
Also in main: change the two assignment statements for floorArea and rugArea to use the area method for each of the floor and rug objects.
Step 6: Compile and run the program to test it
Use make to compile your program. Then run it to make sure everything works.Here is a test of our solution:
-bash-4.3$ make rugfit2
g++ rugfit2.cpp -o rugfit2
-bash-4.3$ ./rugfit2
enter width and length of floor: 10 11.5
enter width and length of rug: 8 15
floor area: 115
rug area: 120
leftover rug area: 5
empty floor area: 0
If errors occur: read the error messages and try to figure out what needs changing. Don’t just randomly make changes, but instead really think about the problem and how to fix it. Ask a TA or tutor for help only if you are truly stumped, but give it at least 5-10 minutes worth of study first.
Step 7: Upload your code to github one last time
Hopefully you remembered to sync your local changes to github often as you were completing the assignment.
If you forgot to do so, be sure to follow the steps in section 1d (above) to upload your final code to github
Step 8: Submit your code to gradescope
Go to our class site on www.gradescope.com. Navigate to the assignment for this lab and submit your code via github just like you did in lab00.
You should see a score of 100/100 for this lab.
Step 9: Lab check off
- Meet with any of the TAs/tutors to get checked off on the lab
- Talk to them about any challenges you faced while completing the lab
- Talk to them about your next steps
You may now attempt the optional extra challenge or work on pa01 (and then return to the challenge problems)
Optional Extra Challenge
DO NOT CHANGE rugfit2.cpp to do these challenge problems, and DO NOT resubmit Lab01. Instead you should create copies that have different names. The problems below are just for practice - you will not turn in any of your solutions.
The current program seems incomplete in a way. It says how much bare floor space might result or how much extra rug there is, but it does not match up the width and length dimensions in any way. A nicer program would say something like “cut X from the length to fit” or “add Y more rug to the width” for instance. It seems straightforward to find two new Rectangle objects - one for excess or lacking width, and one for excess or lacking length. Change the main function (in your new copy of the program) to work this way (no need to change anything else), or do the next challenge instead.
Realize that without making any changes to class Rectangle or its implementation, you can use those parts to solve completely different problems just by changing main. For instance, first use cp to copy rugfit2.cpp to wallpaper.cpp, and then change main as follows:
-
Create objects named wall and paper (in place of floor and rug, respectively), with user-entered dimensions for the wall and for a single strip of wallpaper.
-
Then calculate how many strips of wallpaper are needed to cover the wall. Notice how this problem shows that your abstraction is reusable, and it is why we normally store the abstraction in a separate file, so we can use it again and again to solve different problems.
-
Modify wallpaper.cpp (from the last challenge) to account for one or more windows and/or one or more doors - just create and use some more Rectangle objects of course.
-
In case you need something more to do, why not improve class Rectangle a bit? For instance, you might want a rectangle to store the locational coordinates (x, y) of one of its corners. This might help you reuse the class in a graphical application someday, or as a way to determine whether or not two rectangles intersect one another in a different type of application. Specifically, do the following:
-
Add two variables named x and y to class Rectangle’s private section. Add the corresponding get and set method declarations to the public portion of class Rectangle: getX, getY, setX and setY. Note: usually we routinely provide such methods for private instance variables, unless there is a good reason not to provide such access (which does happen sometimes).
-
Define the get and set methods outside the class definition - in the same way the other class methods are defined.
-
Revise or replace the main function to test your new parts of class Rectangle.
-
Already finished the previous challenge, and still got some time? Add an intersects and/or intersection method to class Rectangle. Then implement and test. Here are suggested method declarations:
bool intersects(Rectangle const &other) const;
Rectangle intersection(Rectangle const &other) const;
Both methods refer to another Rectangle object, and both methods promise not to change either object. The first one returns true or false, but the second one returns a Rectangle object that is the intersection (this second version presumably would return a 0-length and 0-width rectangle if the objects do not intersect).
Push your code to github, but do not resubmit to gradescope. Attempting the extra credit portion of the lab earns you star points which work in magical ways.


INDEX OF REFERENCE MANUAL DOCUMENTATION
INDEX
Open Source 64-Bit Using Qt and SoQt
Basic README file in Open Source Root Directory
Test maps and Point Clouds and testing procedures
Checklist for Preparation for Distribution
Readme for Damon Conover and Anyone Else Using Code at ARL
Additional Testing Datasets and Redistribution
Readme for Distribution of Fusion3D Executable Only
Maps for Mars and Other Planets
Open Heritage 3D Point Clouds in e57 Format
Digital Globe Website Notes and Test Data
GRiD Website Notes and Test Data
Point Clouds for Fine Algorithm and MACHETE Fopen
Puget Sound Data for Testing Commercial Data Sources
University of Virginia Data for Testing Commercial Data Sources
Additional Executables for Utility Functions
gridder Code for Making DEMs from Point Clouds
mosaicr Code for Creating Downsampled Mosaics from Group of Texture Files
PCCull Code for Culling Point-Cloud Files where Points are Close to DSMs
cropr Code for Cropping Point Clouds to a Specified Subregion and/or Decimating Point Clouds
pcConvert Code for Converting Point-Cloud Files in Ascii to LAS Format
lasFormat Code for Data Processing Tasks
Stereo
Problem with Nvidia Quadbuffered Stereo and Windows10
Stereo
Fusion3D Structures
Object Managers
Communication within Fusion3D using Buffers or Global Variables
Fusion3D Features
Vector Overlays
Displaying Military Icons
Draw Function Processing of Altitudes
Improved Low-Res Implementation for Large Maps
Implementation of Very High Resolution Texture
Line-of-Sight Calculations
Fusion3D Experimental Features -- CAD Models
Assimp Library Imported CAD Models
Shapefile CAD Models
Fusion3D Experimental Features -- Write DEM Visualization to File in .obj Format
Implementation of Multithreading
Implementation of Menus using Microsoft Foundation Classes
Creating New Menu Items
Gui Design and Architecture
QT Modeler Plugin
Visual Studio -- Ports, Documentation and Revision Control
Visual Studio and Revision Control
Using Doxygen to Automatically Generate Reference Manual


| In 1860s Paris, a young woman, Therese, is trapped in a loveless marriage to the sickly Camille by her domineering aunt, Madame Raquin. She spends her days behind the counter of a small shop and her evenings watching Madame play dominos with an eclectic group. After she meets her husband’s alluring friend, Laurent, she embarks on an illicit affair that leads to tragic consequences. Based on Emile Zola’s novel, Thérèse Raquin. | |
| Genres: | Crime, Drama, Thriller |
| Director: | Charlie Stratton |
| Writer: | Neal Bell, Charlie Stratton, Émile Zola |
Cast: | Thérèse Raquin - Elizabeth Olsen Laurent - Oscar Isaac Camille - Tom Felton Madame Raquin - Jessica Lange Suzanne - Shirley Henderson Olivier - Matt Lucas Grivet - Mackenzie Crook Inspector Michaud - John Kavanagh Young Thérèse - Lily Laight Therese's Father - Matt Devere Young Camille - Dimitrije Bogdanov Coachman #1 - Aleksandr Ivanovic Coachman #2 - Filip Dedakin Chief Clerk - Richard Sharkey Funeral Priest - Miodrag Milovanov Madame Chainet - Marija Opsenica Priest - István Tesner Doctor - Michael Cronin Mademoiselle Hubert - Milica Stankovic Absinthe Bar Transvestite - James McGrady Chemist - Nicholas Blane Inspector - Zoran Pajic Policeman - Aleksandr Zikic Madame Cecile - Jo Korer Marry - Verica Nikolic |


Buttons placed inline need to be spaced and usually the is some extra margin before and/or after the group of button. The
.buttons
class does this.
(also: check here that
tag buttons and <button>
buttons look similar)

tag buttons<button>


Building the Firmware
-
Uncomment in the file src/Firmware/cmake/configs/nuttx_px4fmu-v2_default.cmake the line examples/px4_simple_app. This will register the application src/examples/px4_simple_app.
-
Rebuild the Firmware:
~/src/Firmware$ make px4fmu-v3_rover
- Upload it to the board. This step will erase what is currently installed on the board and processed to install the new compiled px4 Firmware.
~/src/Firmware$ make px4fmu-v3_rover upload
chip: 20016419
family: STM32F42x
revision: 3
flash 2080768
Erase : [====================] 100.0%
Program: [====================] 100.0%
Verify : [====================] 100.0%
Rebooting.
- Check if all is good by connecting to the console onboard the pixhawk via mavlink.
~/src/Firmware/Tools$ ./mavlink_shell.py /dev/ttyACM0
Connecting to MAVLINK...
NuttShell (NSH)
nsh>
nsh> help
...
dataman
px4_simple_app
serdis
...
Note that px4_simple_app is now part of the available commands. Start it by typing px4_simple_app and ENTER:
Modules
General system control
- modules/commander
- modules/events
- modules/gpio_led
- modules/load_mon
- modules/mavlink
Estimation modules
Vehicle control
modules/navigator modules/uavcan modules/camera_feedback
Communcation between Raspberrypi and Pixhawk2
The pixhawk2 outputs information on the TELEM2 connection which is done via the /dev/ttyAMA0 device. The device transmits on a Broadcom UART.
Arming example
Companion computer/ground station
Mavproxy can be used to send commands to the pixhawk flight stack. Consier the arming of the vehicle from the terminal:
> arm throttle
The following code in the MAVProxy will be called (see mavproxy_arm.py):
if args[0] == "throttle":
self.master.arducopter_arm()
return
def arducopter_arm(self):
'''arm motors (arducopter only)'''
if self.mavlink10():
self.mav.command_long_send(
self.target_system, # target_system
self.target_component,
mavlink.MAV_CMD_COMPONENT_ARM_DISARM, # command
0, # confirmation
1, # param1 (1 to indicate arm)
0, # param2 (all other params meaningless)
0, # param3
0, # param4
0, # param5
0, # param6
0) # param7
You can see that MAVProxy is wrapper of pymavlink which does the actual sending of the mavlink message over the ttyAMA0 device. Below is the functin definition from pymavlink.
def command_long_send(self, target_system, target_component, command, confirmation, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, force_mavlink1=False):
'''
Send a command with up to seven parameters to the MAV
target_system : System which should execute the command (uint8_t)
target_component : Component which should execute the command, 0 for all components (uint8_t)
command : Command ID, as defined by MAV_CMD enum. (uint16_t)
confirmation : 0: First transmission of this command. 1-255: Confirmation transmissions (e.g. for kill command) (uint8_t)
param1 : Parameter 1, as defined by MAV_CMD enum. (float)
param2 : Parameter 2, as defined by MAV_CMD enum. (float)
param3 : Parameter 3, as defined by MAV_CMD enum. (float)
param4 : Parameter 4, as defined by MAV_CMD enum. (float)
param5 : Parameter 5, as defined by MAV_CMD enum. (float)
param6 : Parameter 6, as defined by MAV_CMD enum. (float)
param7 : Parameter 7, as defined by MAV_CMD enum. (float)
'''
Next we see how the Pixhawk receives and processes the message.
Pixhawk
In the file src/modules/mavlink/mavlink_receiver.cpp incoming mavlink messages are received and published via the micro object request broker (uORB) protocol.
void MavlinkReceiver::handle_message_command_long(mavlink_message_t *msg){
/* command */
mavlink_command_long_t cmd_mavlink;
mavlink_msg_command_long_decode(msg, &cmd_mavlink);
bool target_ok = evaluate_target_ok(cmd_mavlink.command, cmd_mavlink.target_system, cmd_mavlink.target_component);
(code hidden for brevity)
struct vehicle_command_s vcmd = {
.timestamp = hrt_absolute_time(),
.param5 = cmd_mavlink.param5,
.param6 = cmd_mavlink.param6,
/* Copy the content of mavlink_command_long_t cmd_mavlink into command_t cmd */
.param1 = cmd_mavlink.param1,
.param2 = cmd_mavlink.param2,
.param3 = cmd_mavlink.param3,
.param4 = cmd_mavlink.param4,
.param7 = cmd_mavlink.param7,
// XXX do proper translation
.command = cmd_mavlink.command,
.target_system = cmd_mavlink.target_system,
.target_component = cmd_mavlink.target_component,
.source_system = msg->sysid,
.source_component = msg->compid,
.confirmation = cmd_mavlink.confirmation,
.from_external = 1
};
if (_cmd_pub == nullptr) {
_cmd_pub = orb_advertise_queue(ORB_ID(vehicle_command), &vcmd, vehicle_command_s::ORB_QUEUE_LENGTH);
} else {
orb_publish(ORB_ID(vehicle_command), _cmd_pub, &vcmd);
}
The commander, see file src/modules/commander/commander.cpp, subscribs to the vehicle_command uORB topic and is able to further process arm command.
/* Subscribe to command topic */
int cmd_sub = orb_subscribe(ORB_ID(vehicle_command));
Position control example
In /mavros/src/plugins/setpoint_position.cpp a position can be sent to the pixhawk with the mavlink message (set-position-target-local-ned)[http://ardupilot.org/dev/docs/copter-commands-in-guided-mode.html#copter-commands-in-guided-mode-set-position-target-local-ned].
set_position_target_local_ned(stamp.toNSec() / 1000000,
utils::enum_value(MAV_FRAME::LOCAL_NED),
ignore_all_except_xyz_y,
p,
Eigen::Vector3d::Zero(),
Eigen::Vector3d::Zero(),
ftf::quaternion_get_yaw(q), 0.0);
This message is received by the px4 mavlink process. You can see this in src/modules/mavlink/mavlink_receiver.cpp
case MAVLINK_MSG_ID_SET_POSITION_TARGET_LOCAL_NED:
handle_message_set_position_target_local_ned(msg);
break;
The mavlink message is processed in the handle_message_set_position_target_local_ned which publishes the result on a uORB topic.
if (_pos_sp_triplet_pub == nullptr) {
_pos_sp_triplet_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(position_setpoint_triplet), &pos_sp_triplet);
} else {
orb_publish(ORB_ID(position_setpoint_triplet), _pos_sp_triplet_pub, &pos_sp_triplet);
}
The position_setpoint_triplet is further processed by anyone who subscribes to the ORB publisher. It looks like the navigator module takes care of further processing this commanded.
src/modules/navigator/navigator_main.cpp
void Navigator::publish_vehicle_cmd(const struct vehicle_command_s &vcmd)
{
if (_vehicle_cmd_pub != nullptr) {
orb_publish(ORB_ID(vehicle_command), _vehicle_cmd_pub, &vcmd);
} else {
_vehicle_cmd_pub = orb_advertise_queue(ORB_ID(vehicle_command), &vcmd, vehicle_command_s::ORB_QUEUE_LENGTH);
}
}
Mixers
- Folder Firmware/ROMFS/px4fmu_common/init.d
- file: 50002_traxxas_stampede_2wd (for throttle and steering)
- Folder Firmware/ROMFS/px4fmu_common/mixers/
devices
- /dev/ttyACM0 is a USB communication device (CDC) of sub-type “abstract control model” (ACM).
- /dev/ttyAMA0 is the Broadcom UART (appears as under Linux).


This device is designed to work with the WebThingsgateway.
In order to use it, please follow steps described here. MixBox bridge connects to the gateway as the WebThing, presenting each connected MixBox as the separate property.
WebThing description
you put this URL into the gateway when you want to add the MixBox as a WebThing
Third party software and open source licenses


(Realm should be all lower case with dashes for spaces.)
Realm:
Character:
Show My Character
Profile
|
Mounts
|
Battle Pets
|
Reputation
{{ characterName }}
Profile
Race: {{ characterRace }}
Class: {{ characterClass }}
Battle Pets
Collected: {{ numBattlePetsCollected }}
Still out there: {{ numBattlePetsNotCollected }}
Mounts
Reputation
Switch Characters


| 058:015 Yusufali | : |
Allah has prepared for them a severe Penalty: evil indeed are their deeds. |
| 058:016 Khan | : |
They have made their oaths a screen (for their evil actions). Thus they hinder (men) from the Path of Allah, so they shall have a humiliating torment. |
| 058:016 Maulana | : |
They take shelter under their oaths, so they turn (men) from Allah's way; for them is an abasing chastisement. |
| 058:016 Pickthal | : |
They make a shelter of their oaths and turn (men) from the way of Allah; so theirs will be a shameful doom. |
| 058:016 Rashad | : |
They used their oaths as a means of repelling from the path of GOD. Consequently, they have incurred a shameful retribution. |
| 058:016 Sarwar | : |
They have made their oaths as a shield to obstruct others from the way of God. They will suffer a humiliating torment. |
| 058:016 Shakir | : |
They make their oaths to serve as a cover so they turn away from Allah's way; therefore they shall have an abasing chastisement. |
| 058:016 Sherali | : |
They have made their oaths a shield for their falsehoods, and thereby they seek to turn men away from the path of ALLAH; for them therefore, will be an humiliating punishment. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > النهي عن موالاة الكفار Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> The Prohibition to Follow the Atheists الإيمان > الإيمان بالله > النفاق Faith> Belief In Allah> Hypocrisy الديانات > بنو إسرائيل > حالاتهم Religions>Children of Israel>Their Status
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


Back to Sketch
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Basic Tools for Astrophysical Research¶
Data format used in astronomy¶
Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)
The default standard for the exchange of data in astronomy now
The full document of FITS and the MAST data format guidelines
CFITSIO is a library of C and Fortran subroutines for reading and writing data files in FITS.
astropy.io.fits can help you deal with FITS files in Python
Advanced Scientific Data Format (ASDF)
Next generation interchange format for scientific data developed by STScI
It follows the new ASDF Standard
HDF5 - High-performance data management and storage suite
In the age of big data, HDF5 format is also becoming more popular in astronomy. For example, many hydro-simulations use HDF5 to store large and complex data.
If you use Python, it is also convenient to use the pickle and dill (an even better pickle) module for serializing and de-serializing python objects to the majority of the built-in python types.
World Coordinate Systems (WCS)¶
FITS World Coordinate System (WCS)
wcslib is a C library, supplied with a full set of Fortran wrappers, that implements the “World Coordinate System” (WCS) standard in FITS
All the tools that deals with FITS format can also deal with WCS information (normally stored in the header). For example, the astropy.wcs
stwcs - WCS based distortion models and coordinate transformation
-
tweakwcs is a package that provides core algorithms for computing and applying corrections to WCS objects such as to minimize mismatch between image and reference catalogs. Currently only aligning images with FITS WCS and JWST gWCS are supported.
Astrometry and Positional Astronomy¶
Skyfield - Elegant Astronomy for Python
Skyfield computes positions for the stars, planets, and satellites in orbit around the Earth. Its results should agree with the positions generated by the United States Naval Observatory and their Astronomical Almanac to within 0.0005 arcseconds. The Github version is here
Astrometry.net – automatic recognition of astronomical images
Made by Dustin Lang. The best astrometric calibration tool on the market.
SOFA - Standard of Fundamental Astronomy
The International Astronomical Union’s SOFA service has the task of establishing and maintaining an accessible and authoritative set of algorithms and procedures that implement standard models used in fundamental astronomy. The library is now in Fortran and C
pysofa2 - A python module for wrapping the International Astronomical Union’s C SOFA libraries
ERFA - Essential Routines for Fundamental Astronomy
ERFA is a C library containing key algorithms for astronomy, and is based on the SOFA library published by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).
NOVAS - The United States Naval Observatory NOVAS astronomy library
NOVAS is an integrated package of functions for computing various commonly needed quantities in positional astronomy. At a lower level, NOVAS also provides astrometric utility transformations, such as those for precession, nutation, aberration, parallax, and gravitational deflection of light.
The computations are accurate to better than one milliarcsecond.
-
Made by STScI. Online document is here
Flux standards¶
Plan an observation¶
Flux unit conversion¶
Filter Response Curves¶
tynt - Color filter approximations in Python
By Brett Morris. tynt is a super lightweight package containing approximate transmittance curves for more than five hundred astronomical filters, weighing in at just under 150 KB. Document can be found here
Extinction calculator¶
Coordinate Service¶
Managing Catalogs¶
astropy.table is a flexible Python module that can handle a variant types of tables.
TOPCAT - Tool for OPerations on Catalogues And Tables
Really powerful GUI tool to deal with tables. It is written as a Java application.
Have great functions for cross-matching catalogs, querying on-line databases, and making publication-grade figures.
STILTS - Starlink Tables Infrastructure Library Tool Set provides most of TOPCAT’s capabilities in command line.
Table cross-match¶
smatch - Code to match points on the sphere using the healpix scheme
By Erin Sheldon. Very fast cross-match tool, C-code wrapped in Python.
nway - Bayesian cross-matching of astronomical catalogues
Bayesian match probabilities based on astronomical sky coordinates (RA, DEC)
xmatch - Cross match of catalogs
By Alexandre Beelen.
Cosmology Calculator¶
Simulate Galaxy Spectrum¶
Sky Projection Maps of Surveys¶
List of Observatories¶
-
Including U.S observatories and observatories worldwide.
Basic Astronomy Database¶
SIMBAD Astronomical Database - CDS
The SIMBAD astronomical database provides basic data, cross-identifications, bibliography and measurements for astronomical objects outside the solar system.
-
VizieR provides the most complete library of published astronomical catalogues -tables and associated data- with verified and enriched data, accessible via multiple interfaces.
-
Aladin is an interactive sky atlas allowing the user to visualize digitized astronomical images or full surveys, superimpose entries from astronomical catalogues or databases, and interactively access related data and information from the Simbad database, the VizieR service and other archives for all known astronomical objects in the field.
NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
NED is a comprehensive database of multiwavelength data for extragalactic objects, providing a systematic, ongoing fusion of information integrated from hundreds of large sky surveys and tens of thousands of research publications.
NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive
IRSA is chartered to curate the science products of NASA’s infrared and submillimeter missions, including many large-area and all-sky surveys.
MAST - Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes
MAST provides a variety of astronomical archives focused on scientific data sets in the optical, ultraviolet, and near-infrared parts of the spectrum.
The MAST Portal lets you search multiple collections of astronomical datasets all in one place.


11+ Kiln Dried Logs Wicklow Pictures. High quality kiln dried ash logs ideal for stoves. Until you log in, your list will be saved temporarily and can only be accessed from the device you are using now.
Bags of kiln dried logs. 100% 'ready to burn' assured british kiln dried hardwood. 700 hours of burning* therefore you use less logs.
Suppliers of kiln dried hardwood logs to public and trade.
Produce less gas & smoke just a lovely, natural smell. Kiln dried wood is the perfect firewood. Our suppliers are kiln dried wood and logs from the best manufacturers in the uk. Trusty logs deliver consistent warmth and produce a lovely welcoming blaze on the coldest of days.


We at Island Apparel have been serving beautiful Micronesia since 1991. Our primary services are Screenprinting, embroidery and various amounts of promotional products. We are located in Puerto Rico after Pacific Trading Co. We also have a small store that features locally designed affordable shirts called "Fashion Clicks" that is right next to us.
First our customers meet with a sales associate to discuss the details of the merchandise you wish to order, of which it includes the styles, sizes, colors and quatities that you need. After the customer is satified the artwork will be forwarded to the graphic artist. Then the graphic artist will email customer's for final approval. If we don't have a stock item available it will take 4-6 weeks to order, unless an expedited fee is paid then it is 2-3 weeks.
Our production team uses 4 stations for manual printing and 1 fully automatic station as well. If the shirt is a 1 color design, we can produce 1000 finished shirts per day. If the design includes more than 1 color contact us for accurate information on our output.
For embroidery please email/call us for an accurate quote.
We provide a delivery local service to customers on island upon request. If delivery is off island it will be sent through cargo at the airport if destination in the CNMI or via standard mail if destination is outside of the CNMI.


--- layout: posts title: iPod 4th Gen Teardown date: 2009-03-01 19:10:53.000000000 -08:00 type: post parent_id: '0' tags: - 4th Gen iPod - teardown - tech guide ---
The series continues... My roommate had a 4th Gen iPod that someone had given him which wouldn't turn on, so he gave it to me. My inner five-year-old was screaming for me to see its insides, so I cracked it open. Here are the results:
I cracked the case open using a combination of an xacto knife and a little metal scale. You've got to be careful that you don't scratch or cut the plastic case while doing this, so I'd recommend using something made out of nylon or other plastic to do this. All I had was the Xacto and scale though, and I managed to get it open without butchering the plastic too badly:
After carefully working around the outside of the case, the two halves just pop apart, revealing the hard drive and connector circuit board:
Here's another view of the input circuit board, the hard drive, and the ribbon connector that connects to the main circuit board:
Gently pulling on the ribbon connector frees it from the main circuit board, and the two halves can be separated:
Once the iPod is in half, it's easy to remove the hard drive. It's not screwd in or anything, just held in by the pressure of the two case halves. Pull the cable out of the end of it, and you end up with:
If you were to replace the hard-drive, you'd have to pull the rubber bumper off of the perimeter of it, and the foam backing off the back side.
From here, it's possible to remove the main PCB by unscrewing the Torx T6 screws that hold it in place, and removing the battery connector in the lower right. There's also a little flex cable that runs to the buttons on the front that you will have to disconnect:
Here are all the guts laid out together:
And as proof that I'm at least *somewhat* better than a five-year-old, here's a video of the reassembly:
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wt6hl7SWtFE]


Before Change
metric, value = mv.split(":")
cols[metric.strip()] = "%.02f"%(100*float(value.strip()))
print("\t".join([cols[c] for c in col_order]))
except BaseException as e:
print("Error:", e, path)
After Change
// Extract diagnostic set results, which are in results.tsv. Rediculous, but this is probably the path of least resistance.
results_path = os.path.join(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(path), os.pardir), "results.tsv")
run_name = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(path))
diagnostic_results_formatted = get_strings(results_path, run_name)
if len(diagnostic_results_formatted) > 0:
output += "\t\t\t%s" % diagnostic_results_formatted[-1] // Use the most recent evaluation.
print(output)


What is it?
Facebox-Bootstrap is a shim to make the older Facebox code work with Bootstrap 3. It's easier to use than the Bootstrap modal for most applications.
Download
Requires jQuery 1.2.1.
In addition to jQuery and Bootstrap, you need only load "facebox-bootstrap.js". Note that if you're upgrading from the older facebox you will need to remove the stylesheet. The loading image and close button are no longer used.
Want to live on the edge? The code is kept in GitHub at http://github.com/mdchaney/facebox-bootstrap
Help!
For now, email Michael Chaney at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Images
View 'images/stairs.jpg' in the Facebox
The Code
text
Load Dependencies
Make sure jQuery and Bootstrap are loaded before Facebox.

Attach It onLoad
While calling facebox()
on any anchor tag will do the trick, it's easier to give your Faceboxy links a rel="facebox"
and hit them all onLoad.
jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
$('a[rel*=facebox]').facebox()
})
Extra Classes
You can give the facebox container an extra class (to fine-tune the display of reusable remote pages)
with the facebox[.class]
rel syntax.
Maybe your Terms and Conditions can be loaded standalone or via Facebox. When loaded in Facebox,
you might want to tweak some styles -- like making the h1
positioned absolutely?
We do this on FamSpam.
View an an example which makes the remote.html
page bigger and bolder using css.
The Code
text
Controlling Facebox Programmatically
It's possible to attain a higher level control over Facebox by calling methods directly. The following will open the Facebox and insert the passed string into it:
Arbitrary Text
jQuery.facebox('something cool');
jQuery.facebox('something cool', 'my-groovy-style');
Remote files
jQuery.facebox({ ajax: 'remote.html' });
jQuery.facebox({ ajax: 'remote.html' }, 'my-groovy-style');
Image
jQuery.facebox({ image: 'images/stairs.jpg' });
jQuery.facebox({ image: 'images/stairs.jpg' }, 'my-groovy-style');
A Page Element
jQuery.facebox({ div: '#box' });
jQuery.facebox({ div: '#box' }, 'my-groovy-style');
If you plan to fill the Facebox with the result of an Ajax call, you'll want the loading graphic
displayed whilst your asynchronus task runs. This is the automatic behavior if the facebox()
method is passed a function.
Loading Image Displayed
jQuery.facebox(function() {
jQuery.get('code.js', function(data) {
jQuery.facebox('<textarea>' + data + '</textarea>')
})
})
Thanks & Contact
Thanks to Facebook for the idea and style. Thanks to Mindy Tchieu for her help in getting this working. Thanks to Chris Wanstrath and Kyle Neath for creating and maintaining this code for years.


Rules
Boys/Girls
1.Concerning the gameplay, all standard FIVB rules will be followed and maximum of 12 players are allowed per team.
2."Rotation" rule will be followed during all the matches unless both the teams agree to play "fixed".
3.The format of the tournament will be decided upon the arrival... of teams.
4.Set will be of 25 points.
5.The schedule will be provided to the teams upon their arrival and is subject to change at any point of time, so the teams are requested to check the notice board regularly.
6.In case of any dispute during the match, the decision of the referees will be considered final and binding.
7.Any disciplinary violation by any member of the team will lead to disqualification of the team.
8.All the players will be required to show their ID cards before the beginning of the match failing which the defaulting individual will not be allowed to play.
9.If a team arrives late by more than 15 minutes, it will be awarded a 20(250, 250) loss.


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| Package | sandy.materials |
| Class | public class Appearance |
The appearance holds the front and back materials of the object.
See also
| Property | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| backMaterial : Material
The back material held by this appearance.
| Appearance | ||
| flags : uint [read-only]
Returns the flags for the front and back materials.
| Appearance | ||
| frontMaterial : Material
The front material held by this appearance.
| Appearance | ||
| lightingEnable : Boolean
Return if the light has been enable on one of the 2 material (OR exclusion).
| Appearance | ||
| modified : Boolean [read-only]
Returns a boolean if the appearance has been modified and needs a redraw.
| Appearance | ||
| useVertexNormal : Boolean [read-only]
Get the use of vertex normal feature of the appearance.
| Appearance |
| Method | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Creates an appearance with front and back materials.
| Appearance | ||
|
dispose():void
Dispose the front and back materials.
| Appearance | ||
|
toString():String
Returns a string representation of this object.
| Appearance |
| backMaterial | property |
backMaterial:Material
[read-write]The back material held by this appearance.
Implementation public function get backMaterial():Material
public function set backMaterial(value:Material):void
| flags | property |
flags:uint
[read-only]Returns the flags for the front and back materials.
Implementation public function get flags():uint
See also
| frontMaterial | property |
frontMaterial:Material
[read-write]The front material held by this appearance.
Implementation public function get frontMaterial():Material
public function set frontMaterial(value:Material):void
| lightingEnable | property |
lightingEnable:Boolean
[read-write]Return if the light has been enable on one of the 2 material (OR exclusion).
Implementation public function get lightingEnable():Boolean
public function set lightingEnable(value:Boolean):void
| modified | property |
modified:Boolean
[read-only]Returns a boolean if the appearance has been modified and needs a redraw.
Implementation public function get modified():Boolean
| useVertexNormal | property |
useVertexNormal:Boolean
[read-only]Get the use of vertex normal feature of the appearance.
Note: Only one of the materials is using this feature.
Implementation public function get useVertexNormal():Boolean
| Appearance | () | constructor |
public function Appearance(p_oFront:Material = null, p_oBack:Material = null)
Creates an appearance with front and back materials.
If no material is passed, the default material for back and front is a default ColorMaterial.
If only a front material is passed, it will be used as back material as well.
p_oFront:Material (default = null ) — The front material
|
|
p_oBack:Material (default = null ) — The back material
|
See also
| dispose | () | method |
public function dispose():void
Dispose the front and back materials. Be careful, this may affect the other shapes that are using the same appearance or materials. References to front and back materials are set to null.
| toString | () | method |
public function toString():String
Returns a string representation of this object.
ReturnsString — The fully qualified name of this object.
|


| 1. |
Broad Areas of Research
|
|
| 2. |
Focused Area of Research
|
|
|
3.
|
Total No. of Publications
|
|
|
|
(i) Journal Publications listed in SCImago Journal Rank (Rating … Q1 OR Q2 OR Q3 OR Q4). Specify rating referring to the website: https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php
|
|
|
|
(ii) Journal publications -Not listed in SCImago
Journal rating rank
|
|
|
|
(iii) Google Impact factor of journal
|
|
|
|
(iv) Conference Presentations
|
|
|
4.
|
Publications/periodicals etc. where in the research
work has been referred to or referenced. Please give citation index of the contribution, using google scholar data.
|
|
|
5.
|
Enclose a complete list of publications giving details
of reputed Journals in which they are published
(Please refer to the web, mention the journal name, index)
|
|
|
6.
|
Any other information of academic / technical in nature about the research publications that you have listed in item no.4 in support of the application/ nomination (limit: 100 words)
|
|
|
7.
|
Provide details if you have generated any patents, products out of your research publications.
|
|


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2 Samuel 13:11
And when she had brought them unto him to eat, he took hold of her, and said unto her, Come lie with me, my sister.


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Govt.of Maharashtrafor making the industrial directories of the state.


|
AllJoyn™ About Service API Reference Manual
Version 14.02.00
|
AnnounceHandler is a helper class used by an AllJoyn IoE client application to receive AboutService signal notification. More...
#include <AnnounceHandler.h>
Public Types | |
|
typedef std::map< qcc::String, ajn::MsgArg > | AboutData |
| map of AboutData using qcc::String as key and ajn::MsgArg as value. | |
| typedef std::map< qcc::String, std::vector< qcc::String > > | ObjectDescriptions |
| map of ObjectDescriptions using qcc::String as key std::vector<qcc::String> as value, describing interfaces | |
Public Member Functions | |
| AnnounceHandler () | |
| Construct an AnnounceHandler. | |
| ~AnnounceHandler () | |
| Destruct AnnounceHandler. | |
| virtual void | Announce (uint16_t version, uint16_t port, const char *busName, const ObjectDescriptions &objectDescs, const AboutData &aboutData)=0 |
Friends | |
| class | AnnouncementRegistrar |
AnnounceHandler is a helper class used by an AllJoyn IoE client application to receive AboutService signal notification.
The user of the class need to implement virtual void Announce(...) function
| typedef std::map<qcc::String, std::vector<qcc::String> > ajn::services::AnnounceHandler::ObjectDescriptions |
map of ObjectDescriptions using qcc::String as key std::vector<qcc::String> as value, describing interfaces
| virtual void ajn::services::AnnounceHandler::Announce | ( | uint16_t | version, |
| uint16_t | port, | ||
| const char * | busName, | ||
| const ObjectDescriptions & | objectDescs, | ||
| const AboutData & | aboutData | ||
| ) | [pure virtual] |
| [in] | version | of the AboutService. |
| [in] | port | used by the AboutService |
| [in] | busName | well known name of the service |
| [in] | objectDescs | map of ObjectDescriptions using qcc::String as key std::vector<qcc::String> as value, describing interfaces |
| [in] | aboutData | map of AboutData using qcc::String as key and ajn::MsgArg as value |
AllJoyn is a trademark of Qualcomm Innovation Center, Inc. AllJoyn is
used here with permission to identify unmodified materials originating
in the AllJoyn project.
The AllJoyn open source project is hosted by the AllSeen Alliance.


{block name="mall_top"}{include file='default/base/mall_top'/}{/block} {block name="member_header"}{include file='default/base/member_header'/}{/block}


Body is the body of the message being sent. It contains the main contents of the message and is the "wrappee" of the more general structure called GenericMessage.
type Body struct { Message string `json:"message"` // Message is an arbitrary string, in some messages is just used for debugging purposes, in other it is crucial. Proposal proposal.Proposal `json:"proposal"` // Proposal is a Proposal instance. Learnt string `json:"learnt"` // Learnt is a field used to notify the receiver that a value has already been learnt for the current turn id. The value of the field is the value itself. If "" is found then no value has been learnt for this turn ID. }
GenericMessage is used as wrapper for the Body type. It adds two crucial fields: the TurnID field and the Type field.
type GenericMessage struct { TurnID int `json:"turn_id"` // TurnID is an integer that uniquely identifies which turn the messages refer to. Type string `json:"message_type"` // Type is Body Body `json:"message_body"` }
LearntWithTid is the representation of an entry of the 'learnt' table. it's composed of a turn id field and a learnt field. This class is useful when printing all or multiple learnt values.
type LearntWithTid struct { TurnID int `json:"turn_id"` // TurnID is an integer that uniquely identifies which turn the messages refer to. Learnt string `json:"learnt"` // Learnt is a string representing the learnt value for this turn id. If "" is found then no value has been learnt for this turn id. }
NewValuesRequest describes what our highest learnt turn id is and which past turn ids we are missing.
type NewValuesRequest struct { Missing []int `json:"missing"` // Missing is a list of missing turn ids. See ComputeNewValuesRequest in 'seeker.go' to understand how this list is computed. Last int `json:"last"` // Last is the highest turn id with a learnt value known to us. }
NewValuesResponse describes the response received after a NewValueRequest message was sent. When receiving this kind of message all of its contents must be learned.
type NewValuesResponse struct { // map having integers as keys and strings as values; the keys are the turn ids, the values are the learnt values for the respective key. // See ComputeNewValueResponse in'seeker.go' to understand how this map is computed. ToLearn map[int]string `json:"to_learn"` }
ProposalWithTid is self explaining. It appends a turn id field to the proposal. This class is useful when printing all or multiple proposals values.
type ProposalWithTid struct { TurnID int `json:"turn_id"` Proposal proposal.Proposal `json:"proposal"` }


Performance
Process
To measure scaling we used an AWS EMR cluster of 8 m4.xlarge workers (which have 4 cores each) to compute historical analytics on the detected objects that we identified from 150 GB of video.
Strong Scaling
We evaluate strong scaling (fixed problem size) for our analytics/aggregation stage for historical data processing. We do this by running our analytics/aggregation code on of 100 hours of bounding boxes (Spark dataframes output from the object detection stage) with aggregation into 10-minute windows. We vary the computation by varying the number of executors and executors per core.
The following is a plot of our speedup results for various numbers of executors and executors per core on Spark, as well as a table containing the same information.
| # Executors (Row) / Cores (Col) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |<PHONE_NUMBER>552948 |<PHONE_NUMBER>269562 |<PHONE_NUMBER>330719 |<PHONE_NUMBER>9274293 |
| 2 |<PHONE_NUMBER>252991 |<PHONE_NUMBER>780365 |<PHONE_NUMBER>255035 |<PHONE_NUMBER>3172302 |
| 3 |<PHONE_NUMBER>451752 |<PHONE_NUMBER>940521 |<PHONE_NUMBER>022003 |<PHONE_NUMBER>9165954 |
| 4 |<PHONE_NUMBER>522797 |<PHONE_NUMBER>131073 |<PHONE_NUMBER>300079 |<PHONE_NUMBER>3016662 |
| 5 |<PHONE_NUMBER>735230 |<PHONE_NUMBER>521881 |<PHONE_NUMBER>184631 |<PHONE_NUMBER>4656372 |
| 6 |<PHONE_NUMBER>230835 |<PHONE_NUMBER>649323 |<PHONE_NUMBER>167969 |<PHONE_NUMBER>7189026 |
| 7 |<PHONE_NUMBER>911652 |<PHONE_NUMBER>265564 |<PHONE_NUMBER>309296 |<PHONE_NUMBER>9222717 |
| 8 |<PHONE_NUMBER>533417 | 95.38883476257324 | 98.73593525886535 | 91.498237657547 |
TODO: Add analysis
Weak Scaling
TODO
Fixed Computation Scaling
We evaluate fixed computation scaling for our analytics/aggregation stage for historical data processing. We again do this by running our analytics/aggregation code on various amounts of bounding boxes (Spark dataframes output from the object detection stage) with aggregation into 10-minute windows. In particular, to vary the amount of data that we feed in, we duplicate our 100 hours of data various numbers of time.
The following is a plot of our speedup results for various numbers of executors and executors per core on Spark, as well as a table containing the same information.
| # Duplications of data | Runtime (s) |
|---|---|
| 1 |<PHONE_NUMBER>1865234 |
| 2 |<PHONE_NUMBER>2485962 |
| 3 |<PHONE_NUMBER>4831238 |
| 4 |<PHONE_NUMBER>0819092 |
| 6 |<PHONE_NUMBER>280853 |
| 8 |<PHONE_NUMBER>1008606 |
| 12 |<PHONE_NUMBER>34436 |
| 16 |<PHONE_NUMBER>265503 |
TODO: Add analysis


A feature-length documentary on the history of MIT, spanning from World War 2 to COVID-19.
Full release coming soon.
Created by Wes and Luke.
Copyright © 2022 REGRESSIONS, a registered 501(c)(3)


Hi im D short for Da Lova, I love going for long walks and giving hugs.
I'm excited to be apart of the lovin movement. It makes me want to giggle with happiness.
I chose to start the lovin lifestyle because a youtuber named Sensei McLovin.
Sensei McLovin has shown me the way of enlightenment and sensitivity.
My main goal in life is to spread lovin all around the globe.


The mist rolled in from the sea, disguising massive icebergs in a soft white veil. Locals retreated into their humble homes as the mist grew heavy and temperatures dropped. Ilulissat, a large town on Greenland’s west coast was transformed from a colourful seaside village into an airy and deserted place.
Only the sled dogs remained in the now white landscape. Distant howls echoed across the small town as white dogs curled up and took shelter in their wooden kennels. But one pack remained atop a mist covered hilltop beside Hotel Arctic. Their tail wagging, wide-eyed excitement was aimed at a man in blue overalls clanking a cart down a wooden boardwalk towards them. It was feeding time in the Arctic.
These dogs form part of Greenlandic history and culture. Dog-sledding, ice-fishing and life among freezing temperatures are synonymous with the Arctic and Greenland’s indigenous Inuit people.
Fighting their chains, the dogs splashed through the mud towards a bucket of food scraps closely guarded by the hotel’s manager, Erik Bjerregaard. Fifteen messy minutes later the dogs were quiet and still, except for their happily wagging tails. Like a proud parent, Bjerregaard rubbed the puppies’ grubby tummies and scratched the older dogs’ ears with his magic fingers. You can learn a lot about a man by the way he treats his dogs. And if these furry customers were anything to go by, we were in for a treat staying at the world’s northernmost four-star hotel. The Dane’s 15 dogs are a great cause of joy for him, whether hunting in the winter months or taking pride of place in front of the hotel. The view of Ilulissat’s harbour and working fisherman, including Bjerregaard’s dogs, is hard to ignore from any of the hotel’s 85 rooms, five contemporary igloos or five-star rated conference facilities. But, more than a centerpiece, these dogs form part of Greenlandic history and culture. Dog-sledding, ice-fishing and life among freezing temperatures are synonymous with the Arctic and Greenland’s indigenous Inuit people.
Mounting pressure and media scrutiny have reached the Arctic nations in recent years, in particular Greenland, where the Inuit’s landscape and culture are under attack from climate change. Effects of global warming are taking their toll on daily life in Greenland, and in particular the role of its famous sled dogs. These huskies provide the most important and ancient form of transportation in the polar regions.
Although physically similar to the Canadian sled dog, the Greenlandic breed is slightly taller and not as heavy. They are renowned for their high endurance, strength and ability to thrive in some of the harshest conditions on the planet, aided by their dense undercoat and thick outer coat which sheds in summer. This vital coat allows them to withstand freezing temperatures below -40 and -60 degrees Celsius. Huskies have extremely powerful jaws and small triangular ears which avoid frostbite. Their iconic bushy tails curl over the dogs’ back and protect their faces from the cold while sleeping.
Sadly, due to the onslaught of climate change in the region, the sled dogs are becoming obsolete. Greenland’s dog numbers have reduced to a third in the last two decades. Ilulissat’s dog population has reduced from 6000 to 1800 in just 20 years.
The decline in the use of sled dogs is a sign that climate change is already taking its toll. In previous years, autumn temperatures would begin to drop and the sea would freeze for the duration of winter. In the winter months these dogs would pull heavy laden sleds across the ice to hunt seals and polar bears.
Today, due to the effects of global warming, the sea ice is unpredictable. In places such as Ilulissat, the constant fluctuations between frozen and unfrozen ocean make it impossible to use either dog sleds or boats. During this time the locals cannot go hunting or fishing at all. It is referred to as the dead period.
When the ice finally freezes it may only remain for two or three weeks. Consequently, the lack of ice and high cost of keeping dogs in Ilulissat has led many hunters and fishermen to replace their sleds with boats. With no sea ice, the need for sled dogs diminishes and some animals remain chained up and malnourished for months at a time. Luckily for Bjerregaard’s dogs, they may be the best nurtured, and certainly the best fed dogs in Greenland, being fed scraps by chef Jeppe Ejvind Nielsen from the hotel’s restaurant Ulo.
Bjerregaard is doing his bit to help Greenlandic dogs and the environment. During his 22 years as manager, the 70-plus-year-old Dane has watched the hotel transform into a CO2 neutral, environmentally sustainable, four-star hotel with water saving toilets, taps, shower heads and 240m2 of solar panels which generate 20 per cent of the hotel’s daily electricity use (except in December and January when there is no sun).
In his 70s, Bjerregaard views his age as an advantage, not a weakness. “When you get older you learn everything you learnt during your teenage years as a young man makes sense,” he says. He also supports Greenlandic artists like Miki Jagasen, whose work fills the hotel’s walls. Artists include Bjerregaard’s wife Susannah who runs the Glacier Shop in Ilulissat’s town centre. But his weak spot is for the works of Danish photographer Carsten Egevang, whose photographic prints of husky dogs fill the dining hall’s entrance. These works, unlike the dogs’ Greenlandic population, are continually growing in numbers.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Thinking.20about.20lists.20backwards.html ---
I have a simple question, and then a follow up philosophy question.
If I have a list, and a statement that it is not empty, is there an existing mechanism for extracting all but the last element (the equivalent of python's mylist[:-1]
. In particular, one that is "supported" in terms of lemmas about its length etc.
My philosophical question is how to deal with the back of lists. Since lists are defined inductively "from the front", it is easy to talk about their heads, tails and such forth. It seems less simple to talk about their last element and the preceding sublist. How should one treat the back of a list, or operations done to the back? Should one reverse the list and then talk about the reversed head and then reverse again if necessary? Is it possible to _neatly_ do the opposite to
def foo : list ℕ → ℕ | [] := 0 | (a :: b) := a
i.e. something along the lines of
def foo : list ℕ → ℕ | [] := 0 | (b ++ [a]) := a
There are a few variants on last
available, but I guess init
was not defined, or I missed it in the initial pass (although inits
is there)
It is of course easy to define
def init {α} : list α → list α | [] := [] | [a] := [] | (a::l) := a :: init l
But to answer your second question, lean will certainly not let things be as nice if you want to manipulate lists from the right end. Besides the fact that both init
and last
are O(n) while head
and tail
are O(1), you can't use them in pattern matching. If you want to use pattern matching to decompose a list from the right, I suggest reversing it and then pattern matching.
Right. That is sort of what I thought. Thanks.
Ah, no I've found init
in the library. It doesn't have much more than a definition that I can see though.
There's also list.reverse_rec_on
(might be called something slightly different)
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Snookes1516.github.io
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Environment models profiles and properties
Environment
You can use this abstraction to create configurations for multiple environments like: dev, staging, production
Environment abstraction docs


class Regex
Overview
A Regex
represents a regular expression, a pattern that describes the
contents of strings. A Regex
can determine whether or not a string matches
its description, and extract the parts of the string that match.
A Regex
can be created using the literal syntax, in which it is delimited by
forward slashes (/
):
/hay/ =~ "haystack" # => 0
/y/.match("haystack") # => #<Regex::MatchData "y">
Interpolation works in regular expression literals just as it does in string literals. Be aware that using this feature will cause an exception to be raised at runtime, if the resulting string would not be a valid regular expression.
x = "a"
/#{x}/.match("asdf") # => #<Regex::MatchData "a">
x = "("
/#{x}/ # raises ArgumentError
When we check to see if a particular regular expression describes a string, we can say that we are performing a match or matching one against the other. If we find that a regular expression does describe a string, we say that it matches, and we can refer to a part of the string that was described as a match.
Here "haystack"
does not contain the pattern /needle/
, so it doesn't match:
/needle/.match("haystack") # => nil
Here "haystack"
contains the pattern /hay/
, so it matches:
/hay/.match("haystack") # => #<Regex::MatchData "hay">
Regex methods that perform a match usually return a truthy value if there was
a match and nil
if there was no match. After performing a match, the
special variable $~
will be an instance of Regex::MatchData
if it matched, nil
otherwise.
When matching a regular expression using =~
(either String#=~
or
Regex#=~
), the returned value will be the index of the first match in the
string if the expression matched, nil
otherwise.
/stack/ =~ "haystack" # => 3
"haystack" =~ /stack/ # => 3
$~ # => #<Regex::MatchData "stack">
/needle/ =~ "haystack" # => nil
"haystack" =~ /needle/ # => nil
$~ # raises Exception
When matching a regular expression using #match
(either String#match
or
Regex#match
), the returned value will be a Regex::MatchData
if the expression
matched, nil
otherwise.
/hay/.match("haystack") # => #<Regex::MatchData "hay">
"haystack".match(/hay/) # => #<Regex::MatchData "hay">
$~ # => #<Regex::MatchData "hay">
/needle/.match("haystack") # => nil
"haystack".match(/needle/) # => nil
$~ # raises Exception
Regular expressions have their own language for describing strings.
Many programming languages and tools implement their own regular expression language, but Crystal uses PCRE, a popular C library for providing regular expressions. Here give a brief summary of the most basic features of regular expressions - grouping, repetition, and alternation - but the feature set of PCRE extends far beyond these, and we don't attempt to describe it in full here. For more information, refer to the PCRE documentation, especially the full pattern syntax or syntax quick reference.
The regular expression language can be used to match much more than just the
static substrings in the above examples. Certain characters, called
metacharacters,
are given special treatment in regular expressions, and can be used to
describe more complex patterns. To match metacharacters literally in a
regular expression, they must be escaped by being preceded with a backslash
(\
). escape
will do this automatically for a given String.
A group of characters (often called a capture group or
subpattern)
can be identified by enclosing it in parentheses (()
). The contents of
each capture group can be extracted on a successful match:
/a(sd)f/.match("_asdf_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "asdf" 1:"sd">
/a(sd)f/.match("_asdf_").try &.[1] # => "sd"
/a(?<grp>sd)f/.match("_asdf_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "asdf" grp:"sd">
/a(?<grp>sd)f/.match("_asdf_").try &.["grp"] # => "sd"
Capture groups are indexed starting from 1. Methods that accept a capture
group index will usually also accept 0 to refer to the full match. Capture
groups can also be given names, using the (?<name>...)
syntax, as in the
previous example.
Following a match, the special variables $N (e.g., $1, $2, $3, ...) can be used to access a capture group. Trying to access an invalid capture group will raise an exception. Note that it is possible to have a successful match with a nil capture:
/(spice)(s)?/.match("spice") # => #<Regex::MatchData "spice" 1:"spice" 2:nil>
1 # => "spice"
2 # => raises Exception
This can be mitigated by using the nilable version of the above: $N?,
(e.g., $1? $2?, $3?, ...). Changing the above to use $2?
instead of $2
would return nil
. $2?.nil?
would return true
.
A character or group can be
repeated
or made optional using an asterisk (*
- zero or more), a plus sign
(+
- one or more), integer bounds in curly braces
({n,m}
) (at least n
, no more than m
), or a question mark
(?
) (zero or one).
/fo*/.match("_f_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "f">
/fo+/.match("_f_") # => nil
/fo*/.match("_foo_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "foo">
/fo{3,}/.match("_foo_") # => nil
/fo{1,3}/.match("_foo_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "foo">
/fo*/.match("_foo_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "foo">
/fo*/.match("_foooooooo_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "foooooooo">
/fo{,3}/.match("_foooo_") # => nil
/f(op)*/.match("fopopo") # => #<Regex::MatchData "fopop" 1: "op">
/foo?bar/.match("foobar") # => #<Regex::MatchData "foobar">
/foo?bar/.match("fobar") # => #<Regex::MatchData "fobar">
Alternatives can be separated using a
vertical bar
(|
). Any single character can be represented by
dot
(.
). When matching only one character, specific
alternatives can be expressed as a
character class,
enclosed in square brackets ([]
):
/foo|bar/.match("foo") # => #<Regex::MatchData "foo">
/foo|bar/.match("bar") # => #<Regex::MatchData "bar">
/_(x|y)_/.match("_x_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "_x_" 1: "x">
/_(x|y)_/.match("_y_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "_y_" 1: "y">
/_(x|y)_/.match("_(x|y)_") # => nil
/_(x|y)_/.match("_(x|y)_") # => nil
/_._/.match("_x_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "_x_">
/_[xyz]_/.match("_x_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "_x_">
/_[a-z]_/.match("_x_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "_x_">
/_[^a-z]_/.match("_x_") # => nil
/_[^a-wy-z]_/.match("_x_") # => #<Regex::MatchData "_x_">
Regular expressions can be defined with these 3 optional flags:
i
: ignore case (PCRE_CASELESS)m
: multiline (PCRE_MULTILINE and PCRE_DOTALL)x
: extended (PCRE_EXTENDED)
/asdf/ =~ "ASDF" # => nil
/asdf/i =~ "ASDF" # => 0
/^z/i =~ "ASDF\nZ" # => nil
/^z/im =~ "ASDF\nZ" # => 5
PCRE supports other encodings, but Crystal strings are UTF-8 only, so Crystal regular expressions are also UTF-8 only (by default).
PCRE optionally permits named capture groups (named subpatterns) to not be
unique. Crystal exposes the name table of a Regex
as a
Hash
of String
=> Int32
, and therefore requires named capture groups to have
unique names within a single Regex
.
Defined in:
crystal_on_steroids/regex.crInstance Method Summary
-
#match?(str, pos = 0, options = Regex::Options::None) : Bool
Returns
true
if a character match at specified index.
Instance methods inherited from class Object
in?(another_object)
in?,
presence
presence,
presence_in(another_object)
presence_in,
present?
present?,
to_param
to_param,
to_query(namespace)to_query to_query
Class methods inherited from class Object
❨╯°□°❩╯︵┻━┻
❨╯°□°❩╯︵┻━┻
Instance Method Detail
Returns true
if a character match at specified index. Matches a regular expression against String
str. Starts at the character index given by pos if given, otherwise at
the start of str. Returns a Regex::MatchData
if str matched, otherwise
nil
. $~
will contain the same value that was returned.
/ab/.match?("abc") # => true
/z/.match?("abc", 1).try &.[2] # => false


{{ post.title }}
{{ post.excerpt }}
Read More
--- layout: default ---
Here at TFF we believe in going back to what works. Less bells and whistles, more quality analysis. That's why you won't find any distractions on our site. We get straight to the point. The only graphics we include are ones that help us make our argument. We entertain via simplicity. Scroll below to see our curated featured content, or use the menu to navigate to posts categorized by sport, and clicking all posts will take you to our archive. Hope you enjoy your time with us. A tip to enjoy our site? Bring it back to the fundamentals. Want to join the team? Check the About Us tab.


Showcase the new formatter interface with cellStyles and cellCss array members which you are free to manipulate in your custom formatter.
TODO


Problem 8. Replace tags
Write a JavaScript function that replaces in a HTML document given as string all the tags
…
with corresponding tags [URL=…]…/URL].
You could use Chrome console (F12) or Firebug to see the results.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block content %}
Your color:
Players: {{ game.player1.username }} vs. {{ game.player2.username }}
Game status: {{ game.status }}
Winner: {{ game.winner }}
Congratulations! You won!!!
Join another game and play again now?
Sorry :( You lost!
Hmmm it's a draw
Let's try again!
You cannot make 2 moves in a row! Please wait for your friend to move.
You cannot put more coin in this column!
Sorry, this game is already finished!


Mail Clients
Through the magic of AppleScript, Maildrop works with 3 Major email clients.
|
|
Apple Mail
OSX 10.5 & OSX 10.6 : No Known Issues
OSX 10.7 (aka Lion) : Important!:
-
There is a bug in Mail that causes an error when accessing attachments via Applescript, this bug is fixed
in the OSX 10.7.2 update, it is highly recommended that you update to 10.7.2 or later.
|
|
|
Outlook 2011
Known issues: Applescript support in Outlook 2011 is currently lacking in a few areas, causing
- No attachment support (you can't access the actual attachment data via applescript yet)
- HTML emails may not be extracted correctly, Outlook doesn't provide a plain text version of the email,
Maildrop will attempt to extract a plaintext version from the HTML, but this is far from perfect.
|
|
|
Entourage 2008
Known issues: None.
|
See also
The Add Email Window
Maildrop Preferences


help
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Contact
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Delivery information
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3
Home
About
Contact
Call us : 012 0324 4599
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Logout
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Four varaibles from US Genearl Social Survey from 2014, three describe
respondent's religious identification(relig
, denom
, other
),
and fourth bible
is for biblical litteracy, or answers on the question
if the bible is "the word of god", "inspired word", "book of fables", or "other".
Data is used in vignettes, to demonstrate the use of
recode_religion
, and to provide some comparison between
the use of packages foreign
and haven
in importing SPSS data
and their different recoding of categorical variables from GSS. gss14_f
was imported through foreign
, with use of following options:
to.data.frame = TRUE, trim.factor.names = TRUE, trim_values = TRUE,
use.missings = FALSE
, accordingly varaibles are factors without missing
values.
gss14_f
Factor, feelings about the bible.
Factor, respondents religious preference.
Factor, specific denomination.
Factor, other Protestant denominations.


Why my cat is the worst!
Gives a lot of headbutts
Loves belly scratches, and then scratches you for it
Has no teeth, due to
Stomatitus
(but he's ok now)
Purrfectly
potty trained
Always sits like a goof
Plots world domimation


Michelle Dee to bring autism advocacy awareness to 69th Miss World
by Eton B. ConcepcionModel and actress Michelle Dee heeded her mom Melanie Marquez’s advice to lighten up a bit to enhance her personality for the coming Miss World 2019 pageant.
“You see, I’m a very serious person and mom helped me to be a lighter person and to have fun and enjoy and enjoy myself,” the statuesque 23-year-old said during the send-off press conference held in Quezon City on Wednesday.
“My game plan is to just do my best in all the fast-track events of Miss World. I hope for the world to see the beauty in Filipinos and what we have to offer as a country,“ the psychology graduate said. “For the Miss World Beauty with a Purpose, I think my personal advocacy happens to fit the Miss World criteria, that is raising awareness on addressing autism.”
Michelle has been collaborating with the Autism Society Philippines, specifically, to bring attention to the needs of children on the spectrum. She wants to help on how to increase the chapters of Autism Society Philippines, especially, in the rural areas, knowing the high number of undiagnosed cases of autism due to lack of facilities and awareness.
For Miss World Philippines national director, being the daughter of a former Miss International could work to Michelle’s favor.
“Of course there’s a lot of pressure living up to her family’s legacy, but let’s just hope she does her best,” said Vegafria. “Her Filipina looks, plus her experience as an actress and model are definitely a big plus, and I think her heart is in the right place when it comes to her personal advocacy.”
Michelle is going to the Miss World with a set of wardrobe from nothing but the best with the likes of Renee Salud, Nono Palmos, Chris Nick, and Jojo Bragais, to name a few.
Contributing to ensure the Fil-Chinese beauty’s victory, Michelle’s finals evening gown and national costume are designed by Francis Libiran.
Will Michelle duplicate Melanie’s feat and achieve the rare distinction as the first-ever mother-daughter to win major international titles?
Miss World 2019 finals will be held at the Excel Arena in London, England on Dec.14, to be telecast live on GMA-7, Saturday at 10:00 p.m.


{% include "trial\navbar.html" %}
Set time interval
{% now 'Y' %}
All year
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Set time interval
{% now 'Y' %}
All year
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Sales by months
Select category:
All categories
{% for c in c_list %}
{{ c }}
{% endfor %}
Select product name:
All products
{% for n in d_list %}
{{ n }}
{% endfor %}
{% include "trial\footer.html" %}


Emotional intelligence is how well you're able to work with others and how others are able to work with you. It comes down to your mindset for how you work, and being able to relate to and being fun or friendly to interact with. The difference from EQ to IQ is that IQ are your actual tech skills, in this case our IQ would be our ability of HTML/CSS or whatever language we would use.
That being said, just because some people are better with IQ stuff such as coding, doesn't make them better if their EQ is horrible and people are unable to work with them, as Emotional Intelligence is important for communicating and working together. And that's why EQ is so important, teamwork is a huge role in almost every task we put ourselves to in any career we choose to take, you can be an incredibly smart person but if no one wants to work with you you're not getting the most productive work ethic you could be getting.


{% from "govuk-jinja-components/button/macro.jinja" import govukButton -%} {% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Platform documentation - {{config.PROJECT_NAME}}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
The {{config.PROJECT_NAME}} helps companies that operate digital services more easily meet the requirements of the government's upcoming online harms legislation, while still focusing on meeting the needs of your users.
The {{config.PROJECT_NAME}}'s API means you can integrate issues raised by your users on the {{config.PROJECT_NAME}} directly into your CRM.
By integrating directly with the {{config.PROJECT_NAME}}, you can customise the types of information collected to, for example, requesting a screen name.
We flag duplicates and categorise each report so you can prioritise which issues to deal with and understand trends. Because we follow up each case, you'll also get better data about if your users feel their issues are being resolved.


Tuesday, June 20 — 8:50 AM to 6:00 PM
Organized by Tamara Broderick, Bailey Fosdick, Dan Larremore, & Aaron Clauset
Download slides via the green links in the schedule below
| Time | Type | Title | Speaker |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8:50 | WELCOME | Dan Larremore & Aaron Clauset | |
| 9:00 | Invited | Network sampling for Stochastic Blockmodel inference | Karl Rohe |
| 9:40 | Contributed | Efficient detection of hierarchical block structures in networks | Leto Peel |
| 10:00 | Contributed | Convex Relaxation for Community Detection with Covariates | Bowei Yan |
| 10:20 | Flash Talk | A blockmodel for node popularity in networks with community structure | Srijan Sengupta |
| 10:30 | COFFEE | ||
| 11:00 | Invited | Causal inference with social network data exhibiting dependence, contagion, and interference | Betsy Ogburn |
| 11:40 | Contributed | Statistical Estimation and Inference for Network Centrality in Covariance Derived Networks | Manjari Narayan |
| 12:00 | Contributed | Estimation of Monotone Treatments in Network Experiments | David Choi |
| 12:20 | Flash Talk | Inferring visibility networks from high-resolution remotely sensed data | Jia Li (Vena) |
| 12:30 | LUNCH | ||
| 2:00 | Flash Talk | Data-enabled Inference of Spatial Complex Networks | Jie Sun |
| 2:10 | Invited | Lifted and Constrained Sampling of Attributed Graphs with Generative Network Models | Jennifer Neville |
| 2:50 | Contributed | Consistency between model selection and link prediction in networks | Tiago Peixoto |
| 3:10 | Flash Talk | Estimating the number of communities in a bipartite network | Tzu-Chi Yen |
| 3:20 | Flash Talk | Parameter Inference and Model Selection for Mechanistic Network Models | JP Onnela |
| 3:30 | COFFEE | ||
| 4:00 | Flash Talk | Sampling and estimation for (sparse) exchangeable graphs | Victor Veitch |
| 4:10 | Contributed | A Paintbox Representation of Edge-Exchangeable Network Models | Trevor Campbell |
| 4:30 | Contributed | Standard errors for regression on relational data with exchangeable errors | Frank Marrs |
| 4:50 | Flash Talk | The Block Point Process Model for Continuous-Time Event-Based Dynamic Networks | Kevin Xu |
| 5:00 | Flash Talk | Detectability thresholds in networks with dynamic link and community structure | Paolo Barucca |
| 5:10 | Contributed | Sparse and Projective Latent Space Models | Neil Spencer |
| 5:30 | PANEL | Karl Rohe, Betsy Ogburn, and Jennifer Neville | |
| 5:55 | CLOSING | Dan Larremore & Aaron Clauset |