A call for Reform dress had begun in the mid 19th century, as men and women argued that the amount of women’s underclothing, the constrictive corset, and the sheer weight of women’s clothes were all harmful to women’s health.
Aesthetic or artistic dress was sparked by influential artists and designers .
Paintings increased the popularity of the style, at first within the art community, and then more widely.
The fashionable silhouette of the 1830s was created by a series of undergarments .
In addition to the requisite long, tightly-laced corset, the giant leg-o-mutton sleeves also
necessitated support to maintain their shape.
Menswear reflected many of the same influences in womenswear.
Indeed, the general silhouette of men’s clothing resembled that of women’s.
Coats nipped in at the waist, their skirts flared, and most notably, sleeves featured a marked fullness t
hat puffed at the shoulder, echoing the gigot sleeves of female fashions.
During the day, the dress coat and frock coat were worn with trousers, which were usually a lighter color than the coat.
Trousers were generally narrowly fitted and featured instep straps around the foot to maintain a firm line; a fashionable choice.
Boys remained in dresses, like their sisters, with white drawers underneath until about age three or four,
when they were breeched, a symbolic act of donning their first trousers. They then entered a transitional phase in which they were still too young for trousers and jackets .
Instead, from ages three to seven or eight, boys wore tunic-dresses over trousers. These tunics could take many forms, from those much like a man’s frock coat, to loosely-cut versions that were worn with a wide belt.
By eight years of age, a boy moved into jackets and trousers, and was then considered fully breeched (Callahan).
Fashions for young girls were modeled after adult styles. One of the only distinguishing features was the length of the skirt. During the 1830s, the hemline was calf-length for young girls, lengthening as she aged. Young girls’ dresses were cut
with low necklines, almost off-the-shoulder and often featured elbow-length sleeves, another element that was unique to childhood
Catch the best wear from us and order more. we shall deliver at your door step
Beauty Fact!
The question of what to wear can be answered
by the analysis of what constitutes art and utility with beauty."By Annie Jeness miller
women chose this outfit intended to serve as serviceable, neat daywear.
Made of the best material you can ever have. Please don't afford to fail to get one bacause it will be a big lose to you
women chose this outfit intended to serve as serviceable, neat daywear.
Made of the best material you can ever have. Please don't afford to fail to get one bacause it will be a big lose to you
women chose this outfit intended to serve as serviceable, neat daywear.
Made of the best material you can ever have. Please don't afford to fail to get one bacause it will be a big lose to you
women chose this outfit intended to serve as serviceable, neat daywear.
Made of the best material you can ever have. Please don't afford to fail to get one bacause it will be a big lose to you
women chose this outfit intended to serve as serviceable, neat daywear.
Soft-front shirts were introduced during this period but they became widespread in the 1920s.
women chose this outfit intended to serve as serviceable, neat daywear.
Made of the best material you can ever have. Please don't afford to fail to get one bacause it will be a big lose to you
Best shoes u can have
Descriptions and price
Best shoes u can have
Descriptions and price
Best shoes u can have
Descriptions and price
Best shoes u can have
Descriptions and price
Best shoes u can have
Descriptions and price
Best shoes u can have
Best shoes u can have


{% extends 'topics/_base_topics.html' %} {% load list_tables %} {% block content %}
While most of the tables in the American Community Survey deal with people living in houses, apartments, or even mobile homes and boats, all of which are "housing units," there is also data about persons living in college dormitories, nursing facilities,
military barracks, and correctional facilities, all of which are considered "group quarters."
More generally, "group quarters" are defined as places where "people live or stay, in a group living arrangement, that is owned or managed by an entity or organization providing housing and/or services for the residents." (Census glossary)
Persons who live in group quarters are not normally related to each other.
For the ACS, the Census Bureau gathers data about group quarters circumstances through a different process than the main ACS questionnaire. In the first phase, they coordinate with the facilty administrators to verify information. At that time, they also
work with the facility to randomly select residents to participate in the ACS. Generally, those residents participate in a personal interview with an ACS field respresentative, although in some cases, participants respond via a paper questionnaire.
Table B26001 counts the number of persons in group quarters for a given geography. This is the only group quarters table widely available across different geographic summary levels.
The remaining tables in the subject are produced twice, once with three categories of facility, (Type 3 tables), and once with five categories, (Type 5). Although most of the category titles are self explanatory, a few may bear a little more explanation.
Adult Correctional Facilities is a term used to categorize a number of correctional facilities including federal and state prisons, local jails and federal detention centers.
Juvenile Facilities is a term used to describe locations such as group homes, residential treatment centers and correctional facilities for juveniles.
Household Population designates the number of persons not in group quarters. Since respondents to the ACS are either categorized as living in households or group quarters, this is the rest of the population for a given area.
All Type 3 table codes begin with 261. These tables are available at the national, divisional, regional and state levels, and have three detailed categories:
All Type 5 table codes begin with 262. Data is only provided at the national level but the tables contain five detailed categories:
Overview
3 Types
{% list_tables prefix='261' %}
Type 5


Testing: Getting Started
Introduction
Laravel is built with testing in mind. In fact, support for testing with PHPUnit is included out of the box and a phpunit.xml
file is already set up for your application. The framework also ships with convenient helper methods that allow you to expressively test your applications.
By default, your application's tests
directory contains two directories: Feature
and Unit
. Unit tests are tests that focus on a very small, isolated portion of your code. In fact, most unit tests probably focus on a single method. Tests within your "Unit" test directory do not boot your Laravel application and therefore are unable to access your application's database or other framework services.
Feature tests may test a larger portion of your code, including how several objects interact with each other or even a full HTTP request to a JSON endpoint. Generally, most of your tests should be feature tests. These types of tests provide the most confidence that your system as a whole is functioning as intended.
An ExampleTest.php
file is provided in both the Feature
and Unit
test directories. After installing a new Laravel application, execute the vendor/bin/phpunit
or php artisan test
commands to run your tests.
Environment
When running tests, Laravel will automatically set the configuration environment to testing
because of the environment variables defined in the phpunit.xml
file. Laravel also automatically configures the session and cache to the array
driver while testing, meaning no session or cache data will be persisted while testing.
You are free to define other testing environment configuration values as necessary. The testing
environment variables may be configured in your application's phpunit.xml
file, but make sure to clear your configuration cache using the config:clear
Artisan command before running your tests!
The .env.testing
Environment File
In addition, you may create a .env.testing
file in the root of your project. This file will be used instead of the .env
file when running PHPUnit tests or executing Artisan commands with the --env=testing
option.
The CreatesApplication
Trait
Laravel includes a CreatesApplication
trait that is applied to your application's base TestCase
class. This trait contains a createApplication
method that bootstraps the Laravel application before running your tests. It's important that you leave this trait at its original location as some features, such as Laravel's parallel testing feature, depend on it.
Creating Tests
To create a new test case, use the make:test
Artisan command. By default, tests will be placed in the tests/Feature
directory:
php artisan make:test UserTest
If you would like to create a test within the tests/Unit
directory, you may use the --unit
option when executing the make:test
command:
php artisan make:test UserTest --unit
{tip} Test stubs may be customized using stub publishing.
Once the test has been generated, you may define test methods as you normally would using PHPUnit. To run your tests, execute the vendor/bin/phpunit
or php artisan test
command from your terminal:
<?php
namespace Tests\Unit;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* A basic test example.
*
* @return void
*/
public function test_basic_test()
{
$this->assertTrue(true);
}
}
{note} If you define your own
setUp
/tearDown
methods within a test class, be sure to call the respectiveparent::setUp()
/parent::tearDown()
methods on the parent class.
Running Tests
As mentioned previously, once you've written tests, you may run them using phpunit
:
./vendor/bin/phpunit
In addition to the phpunit
command, you may use the test
Artisan command to run your tests. The Artisan test runner provides verbose test reports in order to ease development and debugging:
php artisan test
Any arguments that can be passed to the phpunit
command may also be passed to the Artisan test
command:
php artisan test --testsuite=Feature --stop-on-failure
Running Tests In Parallel
By default, Laravel and PHPUnit execute your tests sequentially within a single process. However, you may greatly reduce the amount of time it takes to run your tests by running tests simultaneously across multiple processes. To get started, ensure your application depends on version ^5.3
or greater of the nunomaduro/collision
package. Then, include the --parallel
option when executing the test
Artisan command:
php artisan test --parallel
By default, Laravel will create as many processes as there are available CPU cores on your machine. However, you may adjust the number of processes using the --processes
option:
php artisan test --parallel --processes=4
{note} When running tests in parallel, some PHPUnit options (such as
--do-not-cache-result
) may not be available.
Parallel Testing & Databases
Laravel automatically handles creating and migrating a test database for each parallel process that is running your tests. The test databases will be suffixed with a process token which is unique per process. For example, if you have two parallel test processes, Laravel will create and use your_db_test_1
and your_db_test_2
test databases.
By default, test databases persist between calls to the test
Artisan command so that they can be used again by subsequent test
invocations. However, you may re-create them using the --recreate-databases
option:
php artisan test --parallel --recreate-databases
Parallel Testing Hooks
Occasionally, you may need to prepare certain resources used by your application's tests so they may be safely used by multiple test processes.
Using the ParallelTesting
facade, you may specify code to be executed on the setUp
and tearDown
of a process or test case. The given closures receive the $token
and $testCase
variables that contain the process token and the current test case, respectively:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\ParallelTesting;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
ParallelTesting::setUpProcess(function ($token) {
// ...
});
ParallelTesting::setUpTestCase(function ($token, $testCase) {
// ...
});
// Executed when a test database is created...
ParallelTesting::setUpTestDatabase(function ($database, $token) {
Artisan::call('db:seed');
});
ParallelTesting::tearDownTestCase(function ($token, $testCase) {
// ...
});
ParallelTesting::tearDownProcess(function ($token) {
// ...
});
}
}
Accessing The Parallel Testing Token
If you would like to access to current parallel process "token" from any other location in your application's test code, you may use the token
method. This token is a unique, integer identifier for an individual test process and may be used to segment resources across parallel test processes. For example, Laravel automatically appends this token to the end of the test databases created by each parallel testing process:
$token = ParallelTesting::token();


Interfaces
AffineRable
ClipRable
ColorMatrixRable
ComponentTransferRable
CompositeRable
ConvolveMatrixRable
DiffuseLightingRable
DisplacementMapRable
Filter
FilterChainRable
FilterColorInterpolation
FilterResRable
FloodRable
GaussianBlurRable
MorphologyRable
OffsetRable
PadRable
PaintRable
SpecularLightingRable
TileRable
TurbulenceRable |


Marios Pizza
Our pizza is made fresh everyday!
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER> | Order Online | In-Store Pick-Up
12 Inch
18 Inch
Pepperoni
Bacon
Chicken
Pepperoni
Bacon
Chicken
No Second
Add Pizza
Your Order!
Order?
Delivery?
Your Order!
Pick Up?
Delivery?


Solution
Options
Depot Location
Customer Locations (1 per line)
# Workers
Max Route Length
Length Overage Penalty
Stability
Submit


CORS Demystified
Demos to show different types of cross-origin requests and responses.
Request
Response
Same-origin
Cross-origin: CORS not enabled on server
Cross-origin: Client origin not in
Allow-Origin
header
Cross-origin: Client origin in
Allow-Origin
header
Cross-origin, non-standard headers
Cross-origin, with credentials:
Allow-Credentials
is
false
Cross-origin, with credentials:
Allow-Credentials
is
true
Cross-origin, Basic Authorization (valid user)
Cross-origin, Basic Authorization (invalid user)
Cross-origin, Basic Authorization (missing header)
Send Request
XHR Options
CORS Config
Status:
n/a
Data/Error
XHR Object


Welcome our GitHub Projects Hub.
The internet is a dynamic and complex world. Things are constantly changing and new problems are emerging with new technological solutions. As a result Khem Labs keeps on exploring, investigating and using existing and upcoming technologies.
Applications & Microservices
We create innovative solutions designed to enrich and enhance the user experience across browsers and smartphones in the internet.
Multimedia applications
We develop interactive experiences and games that strengthen the link between user and technology. They run on the same web browser without the need of an installation. We also do versions for different technological devices (phones, consoles, etc.)
Authors and Contributors
Lucio Moya Farina - @dnangelus | Pablo Gambetta - @elgambet


Small font? Say: Bigger text!
To scroll, say: Scroll down!
To read in all caps, say: Uppercase!
Cat ipsum dolor sit amet, sleep. Chew the plant purr like an angel, a nice warm laptop for me to sit on for kitty kitty but prance along on top of the garden fence, annoy the neighbor's dog and make it bark and find something else more interesting. Leave hair everywhere. Spend all night ensuring people don't sleep sleep all day love me! but paw your face to wake you up in the morning for eat half my food and ask for more scratch yet meow to be let out. Eat plants, meow, and throw up because i ate plants groom forever, stretch tongue and leave it slightly out, blep.  Licks paws play riveting piece on synthesizer keyboard go into a room to decide you didn't want to be in there anyway. Rub face on owner attack feet find a way to fit in tiny box for i just saw other cats inside the house and nobody ask me before using my litter box.   With tail in the air.


Preparation time
overnight
Cooking time
over 2 hours
Serves
Serves 6
If you are looking for an authentic recipe for seafood ramen then look no further. It takes time and effort but the exceptional results make it worthwhile.
For the soy base and seasoned eggs, in a large stock pot bring 1 litre/1¾ pints water to the boil. Add the bonito flakes and cook for 10 minutes. Remove the bonito flakes using a sieve.
Add the rest of the ingredients, except the eggs, to the bonito stock. Bring to the boil then set aside to cool.
Boil the eggs in a saucepan of boiling water for 6 minutes 20 seconds. When cooked, run the eggs under cold water until cool enough to handle. Remove the shells and add the eggs to the stock to marinate overnight.
 Bring to boil then reduce the heat and simmer for 2 hours.  This should produce a clear chicken stock.
For the salt base, bring 300ml/10fl oz water and the konbu to the boil then simmer for 10 minutes. Remove the konbu and discard. Add bonito flakes and simmer for 10 minutes then remove the flakes using a sieve and discard. Add the remaining ingredients. When the sea salt has dissolved, turn off heat and set aside to cool. (You will make more salt base than you need.)
For the garnish, season the squid and prawns with salt and pepper. Heat a little vegetable oil in a frying pan and cook the squid for 1-2 minutes.
Steam the prawns in a bamboo steamer for 4 minutes.
Heat two litres of the chicken stock in a saucepan. Once boiling, add the clams and prawn shells. Discard any clams that do not open. After 2-3 minutes strain the stock through a rough sieve. Retain the clams and discard the prawn shells.
Use a fine sieve lined with muslin to filter the stock back into a clean saucepan. Bring back to the boil.
Bring a large pan of water to boil and cook the fresh noodles for 34 seconds and drain.
To serve, put a tablespoon of the salt base into each bowl. Add 350ml/12fl oz of the chicken stock to each bowl. Add the cooked noodles, squid, prawns, clams, a seasoned egg, halved and some slices of spring onion.


FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions and answers.
You can make the payments in our shop with any Debit/Credit cards. We take Visa, MasterCard, Amex, Discover.
Absolutely not! All of orders come with FREE shipping, that means you only pay for the game, nothing else!


Features
- Customizable velocity template.
- Support template import/export.
- Support template grouping.
- Support Rest API generation.
- Support Service/Repository/Controller generation.
- Version 1.2.0.RELEASE
- update idea version to 2018.1.3
- Version 1.1.0.RELEASE
- fix some bugs
- add import/export template support
- Version 1.0.0.RELEASE


Co-op Term 1 (CCS)
Jill Hogg & Carolyn Pollard
Jill and Carolyn were incredibly helpful and friendly during my time at CCS.
Co-op Term 2 (Linamar)
Tahoor Hassan, Dexter Rivney, & Saeed Bemat
Tahoor was my supervisor while at Linamar, providing a wealth of knowledge and entertainment while at work. Both Dexter and Saeed aided me during Tahoor's medical leave.
Co-op Term 3 & 4 (GFHT)
Justin Wolting
Justin was my supervisor during my time at the Guelph Family Health Team. He gave a lot of great insight and aid during my time with GFHT.


Summary Report.
My goal is to direct traffic to my Accessibility page. I choose this as my goal because this is helping me understand the power of tools like Google Analytics, Optimize and making an Accessible site. And other benefit was to educate the users and testers about Accessibility. I implemented this into my homepage by placing a link on the top left next to the links for my blogs. Next step was to add tags for GA and GO on my homepage so I can track the traffic and user behavior. After creating this experiment, I set the funnel to follow the link from my homepage to Accessibility page.
Yes, I have been able to drive users to my goal. Even though overall traffic has been limited to close friends and classmates I am still able to collect data on my experiment. When I conducted my user test, I didn’t tell them where to navigate. I simply gave them the task to research about Accessibility and since I labeled the link “Learn about Accessibility” on my homepage it was easy for them to locate it and click on it. Lack of attention-grabbing image, text size, and labeling are the reasons why users will leave the site. In my experiment the first variant I added background color and increase font size so my goal will stand out. Google optimize made it very easy to create this test and monitor results. The results were surprising I was hoping for more user traffic to interact with variant versions of my site since it had increased font size and color background. Also, the amount of users who saw variant version are half of the original version.
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Conclusion
My next step would be to maintain this blog site and improving it. I will be following testing best practices from GA and Steve Krug. I am also going to implement grid layout with images so it’s more visually appealing.
Testing practices by Steve Krug
- If you want a great site, you've got to test.
- Testing one user is 100 precent better than testing none.
- Testing one user early in the project is better than tesing 50 near the end.


Extracting and Aggregation of the UKgrid Dataset
extract_grid( type = "tsibble", columns = "ND", start = NULL, end = NULL, aggregate = NULL, weekly_agg = "index", na.rm = TRUE )
| type | A character, define the output type - c(`tsibble`,`xts`, `zoo`, `ts`, `mts`, `data.frame`, `tbl`, `data.table`) |
|---|---|
| columns | Selecting the columns names to be used from the UKgrid dataset, can be either the numeric values of the columns index, or a string with the column names. Please see below the field descriptions |
| start | Defines the starting date and time of the data extractions, could be either an integer with the year value (4-digits format) or Date/POSIXt obejct |
| end | Defines the ending date and time of the data extractions, could be either an integer with the year value (4-digits format) or Date/POSIXt obejct |
| aggregate | A string, if not NULL (default) aggregate up the series. possible aggregation options are c("hourly", "daily", "weekly", "monthly", "quarterly", "yearly") |
| weekly_agg | A string, define the week count methodology (according to the lubridate |
| na.rm | A boolean, if TRUE will use the na.rm function to ignore any missing values in the aggregation process |
Field descriptions, source National Grid UK website
TIMESTAMP - a POSIXt object (if not aggregate to daily frequency and above), the time stamp of the series observations
ND - National Demand, National Demand is calculated as a sum of generation based on National Grid operational generation metering
I014_ND - Equivalent to ND (above) but calculated using settlement metered generation data from the I014 file where available
TSD - Transmission System Demand, This is the Transmission System generation requirement and is equivalent to the Initial Transmission System Outturn (ITSDO) and Transmission System Demand Forecast on BM Reports. Transmission System Demand is equal to the ND plus the additional generation required to meet station load, pump storage pumping and interconnector exports
I014_TSD - Equivalent to TSD (above), but calculated using settlement metered generation data from the I014 file where available
ENGLAND_WALES_DEMAND - England and Wales Demand, as ND above but on an England and Wales basis
EMBEDDED_WIND_GENERATION - Estimated Embedded Wind Generation, This is an estimate of the GB wind generation from wind farms which do not have Transmission System metering installed. These wind farms are embedded in the distribution network and invisible to National Grid. Their effect is to suppress the electricity demand during periods of high wind. The true output of these generators is not known so an estimate is provided based on National Grid’s best model
EMBEDDED_WIND_CAPACITY - Estimated Embedded Wind Capacity, This is National Grid’s best view of the installed embedded wind capacity in GB. This is based on publically available information compiled from a variety of sources and is not the definitive view. It is consistent with the generation estimate provided above
EMBEDDED_SOLAR_GENERATION - Estimated Embedded Solar Generation, As embedded wind generation above, but for solar generation
EMBEDDED_SOLAR_CAPACITY - Embedded Solar Capacity, As embedded wind capacity above, but for solar generation
df <- extract_grid(type = "tsibble", columns = "ND", start = 2017)


Azim
Ibragimov
Translator
Translate from
Translate to
Enter your text here
search
Translated text
Text will appear here


Welcome to the Coral Project documentation! This site aims to familiarize you with the Coral Project, how it works, and how you can help.
What is the Coral Project?
The Coral Project is an open source project to help publishers of all sizes build better communities around their journalism. We’re creating tools that allow everyone feel safe, respected, and heard. It consists of four products: Ask, Trust, Talk, and Guides.
If you’d like to learn more about the Coral Project from a high-level perspective, the main Coral Project website is the best place to do that. You can find information there about the project, our goals, and the individual products.
Why Coral?
We’ve designed our products to meet essential needs of journalism through effective online communities.
For Publishers
- Increase engagement
- Increase loyalty
- Improve content
For Engagement Editors
- Customize your tools
- Scale your workload
- Find great contributions
For Journalists
- Have smarter interactions
- Find potential sources
- Create an audience
For Community Members
- Control your experience
- Interact with the newsroom
- Avoid harassment
Coral products
Ask
Ask is a tool that enables editors to create embeddable calls for contributions, including text, photo, video, and audio. The contributions can be connected to existing user profiles. Editors can manage high volumes of contributions, and display the best ones alongside the call.
Read more about Ask and how to install it on our Ask user guide page.
Trust
Trust allows journalistic organizations to filter through and create metrics based on individual comment behavior, and also add qualitative information. This information can be used to help journalistic organizations take next steps to better utilize and strengthen their communities.
Trust will initially be implemented as part of Talk. Read more about Trust on our Trust user guide page. You can install a pre-release prototype of Trust as part of our all in one Docker installation.
Talk
Talk is still in development. The first beta will be released in Q4 of 2016.
Guides
Strong community is about more than software. Our guides will help everyone in the newsroom be intentional about their community choices, whatever technology you use. We are currently covering these issues on our blog; the complete guides will be released in Q1 2017.
Product roadmap
Ask
- Beta release: Q3 2016
Trust
- As part of Talk: Q4 2016
- Standalone product: Q2 2017
Talk
- Beta release: Q4 2016/Q1 2017
Guides
- v1.0: Q1 2017
How can I contribute?
 Join our community of contributors.
How the documentation is organized
The documentation is organized into sections based on what you want to do with Coral.
- The Developer Guide section contains information geared towards a technical audience: those who want to install Coral, those who want to learn about how the various components of Coral fit together,
- The User Guide section contains information geared towards a less-technical audience. It has overviews and tutorials for those who want to use the Coral products like Trust, Ask, and Talk. If you’re a publisher, moderator, journalist, or reader who wants to learn how to use Coral, this section is for you.
- The Contribute section contains information for those who want to contribute to the Coral Project.  There are a number of ways you can help out, which are outlined on the Introduction page.
Learn more
For more information about us and to see our blog, please visit our website and sign up to our newsletter. We are also on Twitter.
The Coral Project is a collaboration between The Mozilla Foundation, The New York Times, and The Washington Post, and is funded by a grant from The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.


Installing the Game Engine
The game engine is built in Python, using the Pygame and NumPy packages.
Pygame is a 32-bit package. You will need a 32-bit version of Python. We use Python 2.7.
Windows
- Install Python (version 2.7.x recommended) https://www.python.org/downloads/
- Install pygame-1.9.2a0.win32-py2.7.msi
- Download NumPy 1.9.1 32-bit for Python 2.7 from http://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/NumPy/1.9.1/
Macintosh OSX 10.7 and above
The following instructions work with the default version of Python bundled with your Mac:
- Install X11 (XQuartz) from http://xquartz.macosforge.org/landing/
- Install pygame-1.9.2pre-py2.7-macosx10.7.mpkg
- Download NumPy 1.9.1 32-bit for Python 2.7 from http://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/NumPy/1.9.1/
Or:
- brew install python
- pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
- pip install pygame
Macintosh OSX above 10.3.9 but below 10.7
- Download the Pygame 1.9.1 installation package from http://www.pygame.org/download.shtml that matches the version of Python installed on your computer.
- Download NumPy 1.9.1 32-bit for Python 2.7 from http://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/NumPy/1.9.1/
Linux Fedora
- sudo yum install numpy
- sudo yum install pygame pygame-devel
In order to run package-manager-downloaded packages, you will need to use the command line /usr/bin/python in the event that you might have multiple versions of Python installed.
Linux Mint
- Get Python 2.7.6
- sudo apt-get install python-pygame
- sudo apt-get install python numpy


Field definitions for the DataTables Editor.
Each Database column that is used with Editor can be described with this
Field method (both for Editor and Join instances). It basically tells
Editor what table column to use, how to format the data and if you want
to read and/or write this column.
Field instances are used with the Editor::field and
Join::field methods to describe what fields should be interacted
with by the editable table.
Namespace: DataTables\
Editor
Example:
Simply get a column with the name "city". No validation is performed.
Field::inst( 'city' )
Example:
Get a column with the name "first_name" - when edited a value must
be given due to the "required" validation from the DataTables\Editor\Validate
class.
Field::inst( 'first_name' )->validator( 'Validate::required' )
Example:
Working with a date field, which is validated, and also has get and
set formatters.
Field::inst( 'registered_date' )
->validator( 'Validate::dateFormat', 'D, d M y' )
->getFormatter( 'Format::date_sql_to_format', 'D, d M y' )
->setFormatter( 'Format::date_format_to_sql', 'D, d M y' )
Example:
Using an alias in the first parameter
Field::inst( 'name.first as first_name' )
Located at Editor/Field.php
Methods summary
public
|
#
__construct( string $dbField = null, string $name = null )
Field instance constructor.
Field instance constructor.
Parameters
- $dbField
- Name of the database column
- $name
Name to use in the JSON output from Editor and the
HTTP submit from the client-side when editing. If not given then the
$dbField name is used.
|
public
string|DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
dbField( string $_ = null )
Get / set the DB field name.
Get / set the DB field name.
Note that when used as a setter, an alias can be given for the field
using the SQL as keyword - for example: firstName as name . In this
situation the dbField is set to the field name before the as , and the
field's name (name() ) is set to the name after the as .
As a result of this, the following constructs have identical
functionality:
Field::inst( 'firstName as name' ); Field::inst( 'firstName', 'name' );
Parameters
- $_
- Value to set if using as a setter.
Returns
|
public
boolean|DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
get( boolean $_ = null )
Get / set the 'get' property of the field.
Get / set the 'get' property of the field.
A field can be marked as write only when setting the get property to false
here.
Parameters
- $_
- Value to set if using as a setter.
Returns
|
public
callable|string|DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
getFormatter( callable|string $_ = null, mixed $opts = null )
Get formatter for the field's data.
Get formatter for the field's data.
When the data has been retrieved from the server, it can be passed through
a formatter here, which will manipulate (format) the data as required. This
can be useful when, for example, working with dates and a particular format
is required on the client-side.
Editor has a number of formatters available with the DataTables\Editor\Format class
which can be used directly with this method.
Parameters
- $_
Value to set if using as a setter. Can be given as
a closure function or a string with a reference to a function that will
be called with call_user_func().
- $opts
Variable that is passed through to the get formatting
function - can be useful for passing through extra information such as
date formatting string, or a required flag. The actual options available
depend upon the formatter used.
Returns
|
public
callable|string|DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
getValue( callable|string|number $_ = null )
Get / set a get value. If given, then this value is used to send to the
client-side, regardless of what value is held by the database.
Get / set a get value. If given, then this value is used to send to the
client-side, regardless of what value is held by the database.
Parameters
- $_
Value to set, or no value to use as a
getter
Returns
|
public
string|DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
name( string $_ = null )
Get / set the 'name' property of the field.
Get / set the 'name' property of the field.
The name is typically the same as the dbField name, since it makes things
less confusing(!), but it is possible to set a different name for the data
which is used in the JSON returned to DataTables in a 'get' operation and
the field name used in a 'set' operation.
Parameters
- $_
- Value to set if using as a setter.
Returns
|
public
DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
options( string|callable $table = null, string $value = null, string $label = null, callable $condition = null, callable $format = null, string $order = null )
Get a list of values that can be used for the options list in radio,
select and checkbox inputs from the database for this field.
Get a list of values that can be used for the options list in radio,
select and checkbox inputs from the database for this field.
Note that this is for simple 'label / value' pairs only. For more complex
data, including pairs that require joins and where conditions, use a
closure to provide a query
Parameters
- $table
Database table name to use to get the
paired data from, or a closure function if providing a method
- $value
Table column name that contains the pair's
value. Not used if the first parameter is given as a closure
- $label
Table column name that contains the pair's
label. Not used if the first parameter is given as a closure
- $condition
Function that will add where
conditions to the query
- $format
- Function will render each label
- $order
- SQL ordering
Returns
|
public
DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
searchPaneOptions( DataTables\Editor\SearchPaneOptions |callable $spInput = null )
Get a list of values that can be used for the options list in SearchPanes
Get a list of values that can be used for the options list in SearchPanes
Parameters
- $spInput
- SearchPaneOptions instance or a closure function if providing a method
Returns
|
public
string|DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
set( string|boolean $_ = null )
Get / set the 'set' property of the field.
Get / set the 'set' property of the field.
A field can be marked as read only using this option, to be set only
during an create or edit action or to be set during both actions. This
provides the ability to have fields that are only set when a new row is
created (for example a "created" time stamp).
Parameters
- $_
Value to set when the method is being used as a
setter (leave as undefined to use as a getter). This can take the
value of:
true - Same as Field::SET_BOTH
false - Same as Field::SET_NONE
Field::SET_BOTH - Set the database value on both create and edit commands
Field::SET_NONE - Never set the database value
Field::SET_CREATE - Set the database value only on create
Field::SET_EDIT - Set the database value only on edit
Returns
|
public
callable|string|DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
setFormatter( callable|string $_ = null, mixed $opts = null )
Set formatter for the field's data.
Set formatter for the field's data.
When the data has been retrieved from the server, it can be passed through
a formatter here, which will manipulate (format) the data as required. This
can be useful when, for example, working with dates and a particular format
is required on the client-side.
Editor has a number of formatters available with the DataTables\Editor\Format class
which can be used directly with this method.
Parameters
- $_
Value to set if using as a setter. Can be given as
a closure function or a string with a reference to a function that will
be called with call_user_func().
- $opts
Variable that is passed through to the get formatting
function - can be useful for passing through extra information such as
date formatting string, or a required flag. The actual options available
depend upon the formatter used.
Returns
|
public
callable|string|DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
setValue( callable|string|number $_ = null )
Get / set a set value. If given, then this value is used to write to the
database regardless of what data is sent from the client-side.
Get / set a set value. If given, then this value is used to write to the
database regardless of what data is sent from the client-side.
Parameters
- $_
Value to set, or no value to use as a
getter
Returns
|
public
DataTables\Editor\Upload |DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
upload( DataTables\Editor\Upload $_ = null )
Get / set the upload class for this field.
Get / set the upload class for this field.
Parameters
- $_
- Upload class if used as a setter
Returns
|
public
callable|string|DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
validator( callable|string $_ = null, mixed $opts = null )
Get / set the 'validator' of the field.
Get / set the 'validator' of the field.
The validator can be used to check if any abstract piece of data is valid
or not according to the given rules of the validation function used.
Multiple validation options can be applied to a field instance by calling
this method multiple times. For example, it would be possible to have a
'required' validation and a 'maxLength' validation with multiple calls.
Editor has a number of validation available with the DataTables\Editor\Validate class
which can be used directly with this method.
Parameters
- $_
Value to set if using as the validation method.
Can be given as a closure function or a string with a reference to a
function that will be called with call_user_func().
- $opts
Variable that is passed through to the validation
function - can be useful for passing through extra information such as
date formatting string, or a required flag. The actual options available
depend upon the validation function used.
Returns
callable|string| DataTables\Editor\Field The validation method if no parameter is given,
or self if used as a setter.
|
public
DataTables\Editor\Field
|
#
xss( callable|false $xssFormatter )
Set a formatting method that will be used for XSS checking / removal.
This should be a function that takes a single argument (the value to be
cleaned) and returns the cleaned value.
Set a formatting method that will be used for XSS checking / removal.
This should be a function that takes a single argument (the value to be
cleaned) and returns the cleaned value.
Editor will use HtmLawed by default for this operation, which is built
into the software and no additional configuration is required, but a
custom function can be used if you wish to use a different formatter such
as HTMLPurifier.
If you wish to disable this option (which you would only do if you are
absolutely confident that your validation will pick up on any XSS inputs)
simply provide a closure function that returns the value given to the
function. This is not recommended.
Parameters
- $xssFormatter
XSS cleaner function, use false or
null to disable XSS cleaning.
Returns
|
public
string
|
#
xssSafety( mixed $val )
Perform XSS prevention on an input.
Perform XSS prevention on an input.
Parameters
Returns
string Safe value
|


-: In this work, the used numerical datasets are for informational use only and with an only purpose to illustrate numerically our research points. Most of these research points have been inspired by our seminal work in: Quasi-Monte Carlo Simulation of Diffusion, in a way that can be directly applied to Stock Market Volatility Calculations.
Terms: A security is a tradable asset in a financial market, this term refers to any form of financial instrument.
In financial stock market, security is termed as stock, asset, equity or share. In this essay, stock is used to refer to security.
The degree by which its price fluctuates can be termed as volatility. Volatility Contagion refers to the fact that stock returns in interconnected stock markets manifest anomalous patterns of correlation during turning points(crisis). Specially, during the last global financial crisis period, the affected asset markets induced a financial contagion effects that got spread out globally to other asset markets.
Aims and Objectives
Volatility transmission among major World stock market exchanges is empirically studied. Daily closing prices of all major equity indices from a number of countries are examined by applying numerical analysis, machine learning and analytic estimations to a mathematical model based on oscillatory processes. The derivation of these oscillatory processes uses the stochastic assumptions in the conventional stochastic financial framework. This analytical framework provides numerical values that are capable of being compared and calibrated to capture key stylized facts of historical data from Worldwide equity markets and to characterize empirically the volatility spillovers and contagion.
As an effective application of this analytical framework, we assess the price volatilities of a number of specific stocks in a given financial stock exchange subject to a well-established regulatory environment, the recently installed policies after the crisis 2007-2008 around the World stock markets as “Marketplace Thresholds" or "Volatility Control Mechanism"(VCM). VCM is a measure designed to protect market integrity by preventing extreme price volatility arising from major trading errors and other unusual incidents.
Volatility Community Structure(VCS): the derived numerical features for each stock help to build a volatility network between all the considered stocks traded in the considered stock exchange. Unsupervised Machine Learning methods are used for the detection and identification of communities in this complex volatility network. This community structure groups sets of stocks such that each set of stocks is volatility-connected internally. Each community structure is assigned the averaged features that are computed from the features of stocks belonging to this community structure.
Numerical Comparisons between pre-crisis and post-crisis volatility are provided to assess the impact of these reform measures and changes in financial markets micro-structure during the crisis period on volatility spillover?
Real Data(Yahoo!) & Numerical Results:
The numerical results related to major World stock market indices, since 2001 up to recently, are provided to empirically assess the existence of any evidence for volatility transmission or volatility spillover in the major World stock market exchanges.
The volatility transmission is found to have time varying nature, showing higher volatility spillover during
global financial crisis. Also the domestic financial contagion is of equal importance in inducing volatility spillover especially
during internal shocks related to investors and policy makers decisions, asset markets in the economy get affected and showed diverging volatility control mechanisms around these turning points.
These numerical results are presented in the following Interactive Charts:
(a double click on a Volatility Community Structure(VCS) shows its associated curve)
The insight analysis uses R programming language to process the results ( R is a software environment for statistical computing
and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing ). The interactive data visualizations in web browsers uses the NVD3 data visualization library.
Author scientific profile:
Statistics and Applied Mathematics for Data Analytics, Identify opportunities to apply Mathematical Statistics, Numerical Methods, Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition to investigate and implement solutions to the field of Data Content Analytics. Data prediction via computational methods to predict from massive amounts of data (Big Data Content). These methods included clustering, regression, survival analysis, neural network, classification , ranking, deep discrepancy learning .


Browse our Gallery!
Home
Accommodations
Activities
Pictures
Travel Arrangements
For any inquiries on this resort
contact us
!


// link to the MQTT javascript client library - downloaded and stored locally
0
00:00
Enter Message here


Class RealSolver
Class for solving sets of equations with real numbers.
Implements
Inherited Members
Namespace: SpiceSharp.Algebra
Assembly: SpiceSharp.dll
Syntax
public class RealSolver : Solver<double>, IFormattable
Constructors
RealSolver()
Initializes a new instance of the RealSolver class.
Declaration
public RealSolver()
RealSolver(Int32)
Initializes a new instance of the RealSolver class.
Declaration
public RealSolver(int size)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Int32 | size | The number of equations and variables. |
RealSolver(Int32, PivotStrategy<Double>)
Initializes a new instance of the RealSolver class.
Declaration
public RealSolver(int size, PivotStrategy<double> strategy)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Int32 | size | The number of equations and variables. |
| PivotStrategy<System.Double> | strategy | The pivot strategy. |
Methods
Factor()
Factor the matrix.
Declaration
public override bool Factor()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if factoring was successful. |
Overrides
FixEquations()
Fix the number of equations and variables.
Declaration
public override void FixEquations()
Overrides
Remarks
This method can be used to make sure that the matrix is fixed during solving. When fixed, it is impossible to add more elements to the sparse matrix or vector.
OrderAndFactor()
Factor while reordering the matrix
Declaration
public override void OrderAndFactor()
Overrides
Solve(Vector<Double>)
Solve the system of equations.
Declaration
public override void Solve(Vector<double> solution)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector<System.Double> | solution | The solution vector that will hold the solution to the set of equations. |
Overrides
SolveTransposed(Vector<Double>)
Solve the transposed problem.
Declaration
public override void SolveTransposed(Vector<double> solution)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector<System.Double> | solution | The solution vector that will hold the solution to the transposed set of equations. |
Overrides
UnfixEquations()
Unfix the number of equations and variables.
Declaration
public override void UnfixEquations()


- close() - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceContext
-
Close the ResourceContext, unbinding from all threads and removing all meters.
- contexts() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ResourceContextFactory
-
Returns a Stream of the existing ResourceContexts.
- create(ResourceType, long) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.BoundedMeter
-
Returns a new BoundedMeter with the type and upper bound.
- create(ResourceType, long, ResourceRequest) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.BoundedMeter
-
Returns a new BoundedMeter with the type, upper bound, and parent.
- create(ResourceType, long, ResourceRequest, ResourceApprover) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.BoundedMeter
-
Returns a new BoundedMeter with the type, upper bound, parent, and
approver.
- create(ResourceType, long, ResourceApprover) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.BoundedMeter
-
Returns a new BoundedMeter with the type, upper bound, and approver.
- create(ResourceType, ResourceApprover) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.NotifyingMeter
-
Returns a new NotifyingMeter with the type and approver.
- create(ResourceType, ResourceRequest, ResourceApprover) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.NotifyingMeter
-
Returns a new NotifyingMeter with the type, approver and parent approver.
- create(String) - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ResourceContextFactory
-
Create a new ResourceContext.
- create(ResourceType) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.SimpleMeter
-
Returns a new SimpleMeter with the ResourceType.
- create(ResourceType, ResourceRequest) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.SimpleMeter
-
Returns a new SimpleMeter with the ResourceType and allocating from a parent.
- create(ResourceType, long, ResourceApprover) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.ThrottledMeter
-
Create a new meter with a throttle rate and approver.
- create(ResourceType, ResourceRequest, ResourceApprover) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.ThrottledMeter
-
Create a new meter with unlimited rate, parent and approver.
- create(ResourceType, long, ResourceRequest, ResourceApprover) - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.ThrottledMeter
-
Create a new meter with a throttle rate, parent and approver.
- getAccuracy() - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceId
-
Returns the accuracy of the measurement for the current resource request.
- getAllocated() - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceMeter
-
Returns the cumulative total of allocations from the ResourceMeter.
- getAllocated() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.SimpleMeter
-
- getApprover() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.NotifyingMeter
-
Return the ResourceApprover.
- getBound() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.BoundedMeter
-
Returns the upper bound for the meter.
- getCurrentRate() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ThrottledMeter
-
Returns an estimate of the current rate in amount per second.
- getGranularity() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.NotifyingMeter
-
Returns the granularity.
- getInstance() - Static method in class jdk.management.resource.ResourceContextFactory
-
Returns the factory for ResourceContexts if enabled in the runtime.
- getMeter(ResourceType) - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceContext
-
Return the ResourceMeter for the ResourceType.
- getName() - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceContext
-
Return the name of the ResourceContext.
- getName() - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceId
-
Returns the name of the resource.
- getName() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ResourceType
-
Returns the name of the resource.
- getParent() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.SimpleMeter
-
Returns the parent ResourceRequest.
- getRatePerSec() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ThrottledMeter
-
Returns the current throttle rate per second.
- getResourceRequest(ResourceType) - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceContext
-
Returns the ResourceRequest in the ResourceContext that handles
requests to allocate or release for the ResourceType.
- getResourceRequest(ResourceType) - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ResourceContextFactory
-
Returns the ResourceRequest for the current ResourceContext and ResourceType.
- getThreadContext() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ResourceContextFactory
-
Returns the ResourceContext associated with the current thread.
- getThreadContext(Thread) - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ResourceContextFactory
-
Returns the ResourceContext associated with the thread.
- getTotalsContext() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ResourceContextFactory
-
Returns a ResourceContext that provides the totals for all
ResourceContexts.
- getType() - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceMeter
-
Returns the ResourceType
.
- getType() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.SimpleMeter
-
- getUnassignedContext() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.ResourceContextFactory
-
Returns the ResourceContext that is the default when a thread is not
associated with a ResourceContext.
- getValue() - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceMeter
-
Returns the current net value of the ResourceMeter.
- getValue() - Method in class jdk.management.resource.SimpleMeter
-
- removeResourceMeter(ResourceMeter) - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceContext
-
Remove the ResourceMeter from the ResourceContext.
- request(ResourceMeter, long, long, ResourceId) - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceApprover
-
Requests approval to allocate or release a resource from a
ResourceMeter.
- request(long, ResourceId) - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceRequest
-
Request or release amount
units of the resource.
- request(long, ResourceId) - Method in class jdk.management.resource.SimpleMeter
-
Returns the validated and allocated amount and adjusts the meter.
- requestAccurateUpdate(ResourceAccuracy) - Method in interface jdk.management.resource.ResourceContext
-
Request an update of the metrics for the ResourceContext.
- ResourceAccuracy - Enum in jdk.management.resource
-
ResourceAccuracy reflects the accuracy of an amount being requested though a
ResourceMeter.
- ResourceApprover - Interface in jdk.management.resource
-
A ResourceApprover is a callback to approve resource
requests.
- ResourceContext - Interface in jdk.management.resource
-
A set of ResourceMeters that accumulate resource usage by threads.
- ResourceContextFactory - Class in jdk.management.resource
-
The ResourceContextFactory provides access to ResourceContext functions.
- ResourceId - Interface in jdk.management.resource
-
ResourceId provides a name and accuracy for a resource instance.
- ResourceMeter - Interface in jdk.management.resource
-
A resource meter with a current value and a ResourceType.
- ResourceRequest - Interface in jdk.management.resource
-
A ResourceRequest is an interface to allocate or release resources.
- ResourceRequestDeniedException - Exception in jdk.management.resource
-
ResourceRequestDeniedException indicates a resource exception.
- ResourceRequestDeniedException() - Constructor for exception jdk.management.resource.ResourceRequestDeniedException
-
Constructs a new ResourceRequestDeniedException with null
as its
detail message.
- ResourceRequestDeniedException(String) - Constructor for exception jdk.management.resource.ResourceRequestDeniedException
-
Constructs a new ResourceRequestDeniedException with the specified detail message.
- ResourceRequestDeniedException(String, Throwable) - Constructor for exception jdk.management.resource.ResourceRequestDeniedException
-
Constructs a new ResourceRequestDeniedException with the specified detail message and
cause.
- ResourceType - Class in jdk.management.resource
-
A ResourceType with a name.


NU'EST wins #1 on this week's 'Inkigayo' + performances from DAY6, TXT, WINNER, & more!
by danisurstSBS's 'Inkigayo' aired its latest episode with energetic and fun performances from your favorite idols, along with MCs MONSTA X's Minhyuk, April's Naeun, and NCT's Jaehyun!
On today's episode, BDC debuted with "Remember Me." WINNER came back with "So So," MONSTA X came back with "Find You," NU'EST returned with "Love Me," TXT returned with "Run Away," DAY6 came back with "Sweet Chaos," VAV returned with "Poison," OnlyOneOf returned with "Sage," Sunny Hill made a comeback with "Nom Nom Nom," and Youngjae returned with "Forever Love."
As for the winner, NU'EST, AKMU, and TXT were this week's nominees. In the end, NU'EST won with their single "Love Me."
Other performers were N.Flying, Ladies' Code, and ONF.
Check out this week's performances below!
COMEBACK: WINNER
==
COMEBACK: MONSTA X
==
COMEBACK: NU'EST
==
COMEBACK: TXT
==
COMEBACK: DAY6
==
COMEBACK: VAV


|
Apache Mesos
|
Namespaces | |
| mesos | |
| slices | |
Classes | |
| class | Flags |
| Flags to initialize systemd state. More... | |
Functions | |
| const Flags & | flags () |
| Try< Nothing > | initialize (const Flags &flags) |
| Initialized state for support of systemd functions in this file. More... | |
| bool | exists () |
Check if we are on a systemd environment by: (1) Testing whether /sbin/init links to systemd. More... | |
| bool | enabled () |
| Check if systemd exists, and whether we have initialized it. More... | |
| Path | runtimeDirectory () |
| Returns the path to the runtime directory for systemd units. More... | |
| Path | hierarchy () |
| Return the path to the systemd hierarchy. More... | |
| Try< Nothing > | daemonReload () |
| Runs systemctl daemon-reload. More... | |
| bool systemd::enabled | ( | ) |
Check if systemd exists, and whether we have initialized it.
| bool systemd::exists | ( | ) |
Check if we are on a systemd environment by: (1) Testing whether /sbin/init
links to systemd.
(2) Testing whether we have a systemd version. TODO(jmlvanre): This logic can be made more robust, but there does not seem to be a standardized way to test the executing init system in a cross-platform way. The task is made slightly easier because we are only interested in identifying if we are running on systemd, not which specific init system is running.
| const Flags& systemd::flags | ( | ) |
| Path systemd::hierarchy | ( | ) |
Return the path to the systemd hierarchy.
| Path systemd::runtimeDirectory | ( | ) |
Returns the path to the runtime directory for systemd units.


Leibniz Series
Begin Calculation
x.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cycle
Frac
Current Approx
Euler's approach
Begin Calculation
x.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cycle
Frac
Current Approx


face
(type)
A face is a table context for the renderer to store information that it needs to render a cel.
- font
- if present this should be a font returned from cel.loadfont()
- layout
- if present this should be a table describing the layout of the cel, each metacel will define its own layout if any.
- flow
- if present this should be a table of flow functions, the metacel will define the names to use and what they mean.
function
face:new([t]) Creates a new face that inherits all the properties of the existing face.
Creates a new face that inherits all the properties of the existing face. Inheritance is via metatable.__index, not copying.
cel.getface('cel'):new {
a = 'a',
b = 'b',
}
arguments
t table
- optional table to use to create the new face. If this is nil a table is created for the new face.
returns
face
- a new face that inherits the properties of this face.
function
face:register(name) Give the specified name to the face so that it may be looked up by name.
Give the specified name to the face so that it may be looked up by name. The name must be unique to the metacel face. For example 2 faces could be registered with the same name as long as they are for different metacels. To lookup the face use cel.getface(metacelname, name) where name is the name passed to face:register()
cel.getface('cel'):new {
a = 'a',
b = 'b',
}:register('@ab')
cel.getface('button'):new {
a = 'A',
b = 'B',
}:register('@ab')
assert(cel.getface('cel', '@ab').a == 'a')
assert(cel.getface('button', '@ab').a == 'A')
arguments
name any
- name of the face, typically a string.
returns
face
- self.


Class: Rack::Multipart::UploadedFile
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Inherits: | Object |
| Defined in: | lib/rack/multipart/uploaded_file.rb |
Class Method Summary
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#content_type
rw
The content type of the “uploaded” file.
-
#original_filename
readonly
The filename, not including the path, of the “uploaded” file.
Instance Method Summary
-
#local_path
Alias for #path.
- #path (also: #local_path)
- #respond_to?(*args) ⇒ Boolean
- #method_missing(method_name, *args, &block) Internal use only
Constructor Details
.new(filepath = nil, ct = "text/plain", bin = false, path: filepath, content_type: ct, binary: bin, filename: nil, io: nil) ⇒ UploadedFile
# File 'lib/rack/multipart/uploaded_file.rb', line 16
def initialize(filepath = nil, ct = "text/plain", bin = false, path: filepath, content_type: ct, binary: bin, filename: nil, io: nil) if io @tempfile = io @original_filename = filename else raise "#{path} file does not exist" unless ::File.exist?(path) @original_filename = filename || ::File.basename(path) @tempfile = Tempfile.new([@original_filename, ::File.extname(path)], encoding: Encoding::BINARY) @tempfile.binmode if binary FileUtils.copy_file(path, @tempfile.path) end @content_type = content_type end
Dynamic Method Handling
This class handles dynamic methods through the method_missing method
#method_missing(method_name, *args, &block)
This method is for internal use only.
[ GitHub ]
# File 'lib/rack/multipart/uploaded_file.rb', line 40
def method_missing(method_name, *args, &block) #:nodoc: @tempfile.__send__(method_name, *args, &block) end
Instance Attribute Details
#content_type (rw)
The content type of the “uploaded” file
# File 'lib/rack/multipart/uploaded_file.rb', line 14
attr_accessor :content_type
#original_filename (readonly)
The filename, not including the path, of the “uploaded” file
# File 'lib/rack/multipart/uploaded_file.rb', line 11
attr_reader :original_filename
Instance Method Details
#local_path
Alias for #path.
# File 'lib/rack/multipart/uploaded_file.rb', line 34
alias_method :local_path, :path
#path Also known as: #local_path
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/rack/multipart/uploaded_file.rb', line 31
def path @tempfile.path if @tempfile.respond_to?(:path) end
#respond_to?(*args) ⇒ Boolean
# File 'lib/rack/multipart/uploaded_file.rb', line 36
def respond_to?(*args) super or @tempfile.respond_to?(*args) end


Help near me
Online Resources
About us
FAQ
Select Crisis Type
Sexual Assault
Depression
LGBTQ
Reboot is run by Girls Who Code, a nonprofit organization.

donate
copyright Reboot 2016. Reboot: Power up


. THE X FILES: FIGHT THE FUTURE A film review by Christopher Null Copyright 1998 Christopher Null
Little more than an expensive, flashy, and painfully drawn-out season finale, THE X FILES: FIGHT THE FUTURE has little chance to draw any new fans to the TV show, if this is the best that can be done.
The movie opens with Agents Mulder (Duchovny) and Scully (Anderson) finding themselves on a new assignment after the closing of the X-files. Of course, through a bizarre coincidence, their very first assignment leads them to uncover a conspiracy involving the hiding of bodies of some would-be aliens. The plot turns alternately confusing and ridiculous after that.
It's surprising that a TV show which leaves so much to the imagination does so little for it in feature film version. At two hours, X FILES is really pretty boring. I found myself falling asleep in the especially dull first half, only to be revived later by one thing after another that *JUST DIDN'T MAKE ANY SENSE!*
For example, if the bad guys went to so much trouble to *blow up a building* in order to hide four bodies, why were the bodies recovered in perfect condition? Why does the road the agents follow on gut instinct alone lead directly to the bad guys? Why did a bee wait 24 hours in Scully's coat before stinging her? Why does the Syndicate want to destroy the world - and if it has the power (imminently displayed in the film), then why don't they just do it!? Then again, if a vaccine to this destruction exists (again, displayed in the film), then why don't the good guys just release *that* into the world?
Well, you won't find any answers to questions like these in the film. In fact, the movie goes a long way toward undoing the mysteries that the TV show has built up over the last five years. If this is a portent for the way things are going to go next season, I'm not sure I'm interested.
Still, I am a fan, and there's enough juice to sustain a fan's interest for awhile. It ain't much, but watching Scully and Mulder inch closer romantically, and seeing some cool special effects is worth the price of admission.
Okay, a matinee.
(Recommended only for fans of the show; casual viewers needn't bother.)
RATING: ***
|------------------------------| \ ***** Perfection \ \ **** Good, memorable film \ \ *** Average, hits and misses \ \ ** Sub-par on many levels \ \ * Unquestionably awful \ |------------------------------|
MPAA Rating: PG-13
Director: Rob Bowman Producer: Chris Carter, Daniel Sackheim Writer: Chris Carter Starring: David Duchovny, Gillian Anderson, Martin Landau, Blythe Danner, Armin Meuller-Stahl
http://www.xfilesmovie.com
-Christopher Null /<EMAIL_ADDRESS>/ Writer-Producer / http://www.filmcritic.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


1956 - Won a "brilliancy" that became known as "The Game of the Century".
1958 - Became both the youngest grandmaster up to that time and the youngest candidate for the World Championship.
1956 - Won the U.S. Junior Chess Championship, scoring 8½/10 at Philadelphia to become the youngest-ever Junior Champion at age 13.
1960 - Fischer tied for first place with Soviet star Boris Spassky at the strong Mar del Plata Tournament in Argentina, winning by a two-point margin, scoring 13½/15 (+13−1=1),ahead of David Bronstein.
1962 - He was the first non-Soviet player to win an Interzonal since FIDE instituted the tournament in 1948.
1962 / 1963 - Fischer experienced his first single-game loss (to Edmar Mednis) in round one.
1963 / 1964 - Fischer achieved his second perfect score, this time against the top-ranked chess players in the country: "This tournament became, as they say, the stuff of legend.
1964 - Eligible as U.S. Champion, decided against his participation in the 1964 Amsterdam Interzonal, taking himself out of the 1966 World Championship cycle,even after FIDE changed the format of the eight-player Candidates Tournament from a round-robin to a series of knockout matches, which eliminated the possibility of collusion.
1972 - After the 1972 World Chess Championship, Fischer did not play a competitive game in public for nearly 20 years.In 1977, he played three games in Cambridge, Massachusetts against the MIT Greenblatt computer program, winning all of them.
1981 - Fischer was arrested by a police patrolman, allegedly because Fischer matched the description of a man who had just committed a bank robbery in the area. Fischer, who alleged that he was slightly injured during the arrest,said that he was held for two days, subjected to assault and various types of mistreatment, and released on $1,000 bail.
2008 - Dies at the age of 64.
Fischer’s beautiful chess and his immortal games will stand forever as a central pillar in the history of our game.


Everyone's Progress
CJ Lin:
Looked at research papers, videos, and other online resources to gain inspiration on possible ideas to conduct for our AR capstone project. Also worked on individual assignments to gain a better grasp of WebXR.
Peter Michael:
Looked at research papers, videos, and other online resources to gain inspiration on possible ideas to conduct for our AR capstone project. Also worked on individual assignments to gain a better grasp of WebXR.
Yan Zhe Ong:
Looked at research papers, videos, and other online resources to gain inspiration on possible ideas to conduct for our AR capstone project. Also worked on individual assignments to gain a better grasp of WebXR.
Jasmine Woon:
Looked at research papers, videos, and other online resources to gain inspiration on possible ideas to conduct for our AR capstone project. Also worked on individual assignments to gain a better grasp of WebXR. In addition, worked on getting the HTML/CSS for our team's website and uploading it to GitHub Pages.
Updates on Code
We haven't started programming our project just yet. However, we did get our team's website up and running by enabling GitHub pages and uploading our code to our team's repository.
Updates on Ideas
We had a great brainstorm session! We listed a total of 15 distinct ideas. and within each idea, we expanded upon it with 1-2 sub-bullets. We have ideas ranging from using ML to place the most aesthetically pleasing furniture in a space, a recreation of Wii sports, display infographics during a watch party, and many more! With many ideas to consider, we chosed our top 4 choices and sought out our amazing TAs to gain some feedback and insight.
After discussing our idea and much thought and consideration, our team is creating an AR application that allows 2+ people from remote locations to play Poker and socialize.
To start the game, the user will be asked to place down a virtual table. Once the players are in the lobby, they will be seated around the table. Players will be represented by cartoon-style characters that will include their hand, torso, and face. Features such as voice chat will enable facial movement and the ability to customize characters. Controllers in this game will be optional. If controllers are used, they will receive haptic feedback when placing chips or cards. In the case that only hands are used, then the user will be using hand gestures to manipulate cards and chips. We plan to add windows such as game rules and the player's current hand ranking calculation. We also want to incorporate animations into it as well.
On a high level, this is what we hope to accomplish. We may be adding or removing some features as the quarter goes by. We may change our idea completely! But stay tuned to see what we make in 10 weeks!
Plan for Next Week
The plan next week is to start programming our project! As we begin to program, we hope to flush our idea out more and assign everyone a clear mini part of the project to be working on. Also, we will be working on our slide deck for pitch day next Tuesday!
Blocking Issues
So far we haven't ran into any issues yet.


Make the First Move.  Click here to find your soulmate. Welcome to the world of online dating. But does it really work? Find below how the world of online dating works and if you will find love. The links below take you into the world of online dating and modern love. The first part of this website will take you into the world of online dating and the second will explain love can be as easy as a click of a button thanks to the internet


The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learning society for computing. It was founded in 1947, and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society. The ACM is a non-profit professional membership group. The ACM is an umbrella organization for academic and scholarly interests in computer science. Its motto is "Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession". It is a platform where all the computing researchers, educators, professionals work together for the advancement of the society. ACM is delighted to welcome the new ideas, discoveries and inventions from all around the globe to the ACM family. Take initiative and start an ACM Student Chapter at your college today!
ACM offers access to following services:


{# Render favorite icons for many different devices and sizes. #} {%- macro render(title) -%} {%- endmacro -%}


THtmlViewer, component
function GetCharAtPos(Pos: integer; var Ch: WideChar; var Font: TFont): boolean;
Given Pos, a position in the display, the character at that position is returned as well as its font. Character position is sequential and starts with 0.
The function returns false if Pos is out of range.
See also


Priest Benedict:
You refuse?
You could buy a nicer one at the blacksmith shop for 1000 Adena.
I'll buy it for 10,000! What do you say?
"No!"


Module: ActiveSupport::Callbacks
Overview
Callbacks
are code hooks that are run at key points in an object’s life cycle. The typical use case is to have a base class define a set of callbacks relevant to the other functionality it supplies, so that subclasses can install callbacks that enhance or modify the base functionality without needing to override or redefine methods of the base class.
Mixing in this module allows you to define the events in the object’s life cycle that will support callbacks (via ClassMethods#define_callbacks), set the instance methods, procs, or callback objects to be called (via ClassMethods#set_callback), and run the installed callbacks at the appropriate times (via #run_callbacks).
By default callbacks are halted by throwing :abort
. See ClassMethods#define_callbacks for details.
Three kinds of callbacks are supported: before callbacks, run before a certain event; after callbacks, run after the event; and around callbacks, blocks that surround the event, triggering it when they yield. Callback
code can be contained in instance methods, procs or lambdas, or callback objects that respond to certain predetermined methods. See ClassMethods#set_callback for details.
class Record
include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
define_callbacks :save
def save
run_callbacks :save do
puts "- save"
end
end
end
class PersonRecord < Record
set_callback :save, :before, :
def
puts "saving..."
end
set_callback :save, :after do |object|
puts "saved"
end
end
person = PersonRecord.new
person.save
Output:
saving...
- save
saved
Constant Summary
-
CALLBACK_FILTER_TYPES =
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb', line 71[:before, :after, :around]
Class Method Summary
Concern
- Extended
| class_methods | Define class methods from given block. |
| included | Evaluate given block in context of base class, so that you can write class macros here. |
| prepended | Evaluate given block in context of base class, so that you can write class macros here. |
| append_features, prepend_features |
Instance Method Summary
-
#run_callbacks(kind)
Runs the callbacks for the given event.
-
#halted_callback_hook(filter, name)
private
A hook invoked every time a before callback is halted.
DSL Calls
included
[ GitHub ]66 67 68 69
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb', line 66
included do extend ActiveSupport::DescendantsTracker class_attribute :__callbacks, instance_writer: false, default: {} end
Instance Method Details
#halted_callback_hook(filter, name) (private)
A hook invoked every time a before callback is halted. This can be overridden in Callbacks
implementors in order to provide better debugging/logging.
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb', line 147
def halted_callback_hook(filter, name) end
#run_callbacks(kind)
Runs the callbacks for the given event.
Calls the before and around callbacks in the order they were set, yields the block (if given one), and then runs the after callbacks in reverse order.
If the callback chain was halted, returns false
. Otherwise returns the result of the block, nil
if no callbacks have been set, or true
if callbacks have been set but no block is given.
run_callbacks :save do
save
end
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb', line 95
def run_callbacks(kind) callbacks = __callbacks[kind.to_sym] if callbacks.empty? yield if block_given? else env = Filters::Environment.new(self, false, nil) next_sequence = callbacks.compile # Common case: no 'around' callbacks defined if next_sequence.final? next_sequence.invoke_before(env) env.value = !env.halted && (!block_given? || yield) next_sequence.invoke_after(env) env.value else invoke_sequence = Proc.new do skipped = nil while true current = next_sequence current.invoke_before(env) if current.final? env.value = !env.halted && (!block_given? || yield) elsif current.skip?(env) (skipped ||= []) << current next_sequence = next_sequence.nested next else next_sequence = next_sequence.nested begin target, block, method, *arguments = current. (env, invoke_sequence) target.send(method, *arguments, &block) ensure next_sequence = current end end current.invoke_after(env) skipped.pop.invoke_after(env) while skipped&.first break env.value end end invoke_sequence.call end end end


I am a software developer, working on a wide variety of platforms and languages for the past years. I have been programming since I was 10 years old (in 1998) and have been teaching myself new languages ever since.
My Web, Android, iOS, Linux, and Windows software are all written with original, innovative, and efficient code with algorithms that are based on simplicity and reliability.
I am currently studying Computer Science at Temple University, and live in Philadelphia.
Website and application development using HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, PHP, ASP, SQL, XML, JSON, jQuery, AJAX, Bootstrap, foundation, Apache, Node.js, REST, Rails, Symfony2, IIS
Application development for mobile phones and devices using Android, iOS, Android Studio, XCode, Eclipse, AVR, Atmel Studio
Software development using Linux, Windows, Mac OSX, C, C++, C#, Objective-C, Java, Visual Basic, .NET Framework, Visual Studio, Eclipse, XCode, Git, VMWare


Dagger Assembly
I was a huge fan of a show called Sword Art Online, and really wanted to make a prop. With a name being a major indicator, any relevant memorabilia would be a sword, and my printer bead couldn't quite handle it. I chose to replicate the Elucidator at the size of a dagger, hence Elucidagger.
As I was using a FDM printer, I couldn't print any pieces with an overhang. I sketched the rough dimensions and shape of the dagger, and designed each part and it's mirror that could be made with a flat base. The holes left in the guard allow it to be positioned and secured with 2 press fit M5 dowel pins and 1 M10 dowel pin. The XIIF on the blade is my own personal mark.
I'm also a big Naruto fan. I've been building origami shuriken for as long as I can remember, so I jumped at the chance to print one. It turned out to be a pretty quick project, so I designed a kunai knife as well.
I designed both parts as a whole, and cut them in half so that they could be easily printed. I wanted to try a different attachment method that was less permanent. I had neodymium magnets on hand, so I created small depressions in each half of the parts to accommodate the magnets. While the depressions would cause material to print on an overhang, the feature was small enough that any warping would be negligible.
While I do like the look of the parts, I would print future revisions with metal rather than PLA for a more realistic look. I would also explore different attachment methods, as pieces held together by magnets tend to fall apart when dropped. Half of the fun of throwing starts is throwing them! (which is no fun if they immediately explode)
Shuriken Assembly
Kunai Render
Seismic Render
Quitting Runescape is easy, I've done it a thousand times! But seriously, some good has come of this terrible addiction- I have a bunch of things to make now. The Seismic Wand is a super expensive magic weapon that I would rather build because I could never afford it in game *tear*. This particular design was inspired by another player named Tsaboc who embarked on a similar project.
This one is still in development, so no actual print yet. The assembly is split into 5 distinct sections, each designed to be printed as halves with no overhang. The plan is to assemble each section using a strong adhesive.
I wanted the blue sections to have a more crystalline look, so I looked into shaped plastics and fake gems. One thing I considered was printing a negative of the crystalline parts as a resin mold. I would also like to add some kind of lighting, much like Tsaboc's project (maybe with a voice command so I can make my lumos mean something).


At my old job I would frequently come up against problems that required technical solutions. or example, finding a way to measure our website RAM without going to the current web host. Unfortunately, I was most of the time unable to ask for a persons’ assistance. In this case I would research the internet for what the problem is, and for solutions to that problem. I felt like I was learning as I went. I found it interesting. I would then find a step by step list to follow that would enable me to solve this problem. I learned to take more initiative, as the internet is an array of knowledge if you know how to perform a good search.
This is a made-up programming language. Design language. You cannot compile it as the computer doesn’t understand it but it helps us explore how we should design our programs. The longer you will spend designing the less time you will spend programming. Whereas if you spend a short time designing you will need to spend a much longer time working out how to build the program successfully.
First thing we need to do is decide on the name of the program, if required using camel case (CamelCase).

I feel confident in using this strategy, but have not yet adopted the process for frequent use.
I have found other methods more helpful.
This is something I had done in the past and thus comes naturally to me. I like to try out many different varieties of potential solutions. If you don’t try, you will not know for sure.
AKA - Talking your problems out.
Software engineering term. As a programmer you are too close to your code and if you run into an issue you are too close to it to solve the issue.
You could however explain what it is supposed to do, and what it is currently doing now.
This practice usually helps resolve discrepancies and helps bring issues to light.
Helping by explaining the difference between the two.
Programmers learn that they can explain their code to anon programmer and get just the same insights as if they were talking to a non coder.
That’s where the process of talking to a duck came to life.
This is my second favorite way to understand and solve problems.
I would feel I understand my issue more once I’ve talked about it.
Not that helpful when you have a serious problem. But I guess it’s helpful for smaller problems.
I haven’t given this method enough of a try to successfully comment on it’s usefulness.
My first preferred method of finding solutions to problems. 90% of the time when I really apply myself to googling solutions, I usually find the answer.
I really like this method if it was in person. Online I feel I am still getting used to it.
I don’t feel reflection helps me understand coding better. However, seems as though it’s more of a psychotherapy analysis which helps me understand my thought process better by checking in with myself.


| Package ID | Title | Description | From | To | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ package_sent.id }} | {{ package_sent.title }} | {{ package_sent.description }} | {{ package_sent.from_node }} | {{ package_sent.to_node }} | View detail |
| Title | Description | Send Date | From | To | Status | Action | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ package_received.title }} | {{ package_received.description }} | {{ package_received.send_date }} | {{ package_received.From_title }} | {{ package_received.To_title }} | Received | Pending | View detail |
| Title | Description | From | To | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ to_beneficiary.title }} | {{ to_beneficiary.description }} | {{ to_beneficiary.From_title }} | Beneficiary | View detail |
| Title | Description | From | To | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ from_beneficiary.title }} | {{ from_beneficiary.description }} | Beneficiary | {{ from_beneficiary.From_title }} | View detail |


BETA - This site may not yet work on your browser. Passwords are generated locally, your master password is not sent to any server. See the source or run the test suite.
V0 V1 V2 V3
PIN Short Basic Medium Long Maximum Name Phrase


reading time: 10 min.
Pearson’s correlation (short: correlation) is one of statistics’ all time classics. With an age of about a century, it is some kind of grand dad of analytic tools – but an oldie who is still very busy!
Formula, interpretation and application of correlation is well known.
In some non-technical lay terms, correlation captures the (linear) degree of co-variation of two linear variables. For example: if tall people have large feet (and small people small feet), on average, we say that height and foot size are correlated.
But what is maybe less well known is some intuitive understanding of correlation. That’s the plan of this post.
Roughly, correlation can be seen as the average deviation rectangle:
library(ggplot2)
data(tips, package = "reshape2")
(ggplot(tips) +
geom_hline(yintercept = mean(tips$tip), linetype = "dashed") +
geom_vline(xintercept = mean(tips$total_bill), linetype = "dashed") +
annotate("rect",xmin = mean(tips$total_bill), ymin = mean(tips$tip),
xmax = tips$total_bill[24], ymax = tips$tip[24], alpha = .1,
color = "red", fill = "red") +
annotate("text", x = 30, y = 8,
label = "X[i] - bar(X)", parse = T, colour = "Red") +
annotate("text", x = 42, y = 5.5,
label = "Y[i] - bar(Y)", parse = T, colour = "Red") +
geom_point(aes(x = total_bill, y = tip)) +
geom_point(x = tips$total_bill[24], y = tips$tip[24], color = "red",
alpha = .1, size = 4) +
theme(axis.title=element_text(size=28),
plot.title = element_text(size = rel(4))))
“Deviation” means here distance from the mean. For example, if my height is 1.95 meters, and the mean height is 1.80 meters my “deviation” or “delta” $$ \Delta X=X_i - \bar{X}$$ would be 0.15 meters.
A bit more formally, this mean average deviation is $$\varnothing (\Delta X \cdot \Delta Y$$) , where $$\varnothing X$$ means “mean of X” or “average X”.
This measure of “joint deviation” or let’s say coordinated deviation is called covariance as it measures the degree to which large deltas in X go together with large deltas in Y.
Looking at a more official formula we find:
$$Cov(X,Y) = \frac{1}{n} \sum{(X_i - \bar{X}) \cdot (Y_i - \bar{Y})} = \varnothing(\Delta X \Delta Y)$$.
Now, let’s do the same calculation not with the normal, raw data (such as my height of 1.95 meters) but use z-standardized values instead.
Computing the “average deviation rectangle” with z-values (instead of raw values) yields the correlation or Person’s correlation coefficient:
$$Cor(X,Y) = \varnothing((z_{X_i} - z_{\bar{X}}) \cdot (z_{Y_i} - z_{\bar{Y}}))= \varnothing(z_{X_i} - 0) \cdot (z_{Y_i} - 0) = \varnothing(z_X z_Y)$$.
In words, the correlation (Cor) of X and Y is the mean z deviation rectangle.
Wait a minute! Does that mean that if correlation is zero, than the mean deviation rectangle equals zero? Yes, thats true! How can that be? Let’s visualize:
library(TeachingDemos)
library('MASS')
##
## Attaching package: 'MASS'
## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## select
samples = 200
data_1 = mvrnorm(n=samples, mu=c(0, 0), Sigma=matrix(c(1, 0, 0, 1), nrow=2), empirical=TRUE)
data_df_1 <- data.frame(data_1)
cor.rect.plot(y = data_df_1$X1, x = data_df_1$X2)
We see that the average red rectangle appears roughly the average blue rectangle. Now, the red rectangle have a positive sign (+), whereas the blue ones have a negative sign.
This is because in the upper right corner, both X and Y delta is positive (my height and my foot size is above average), yielding a positive product value (eg., +10 * +3 = +30). Similarly, in the lower left (red) corner, both deltas are negative (values below average), yielding a positive product (eg., -10 * -3 = -30).
In the “blue corners” (upper left, lower right), one delta has a negative sign and one delta has a positive sign, yielding a negative sign for their product (e.g, -10 * + 3 = -30).
Hence, some rectangles have a positive value, some a negative. In sum, the average rectangle is zero. Zero mean rectangle means zero correlation.
To the contrary, in the following diagram we see that the average rectangle is positive and quite large (as their are only few blue ones):
library(TeachingDemos)
library('MASS')
data_2 = mvrnorm(n=samples, mu=c(0, 0), Sigma=matrix(c(1, .9, .9, 1), nrow=2), empirical=TRUE)
data_df_2 <- data.frame(data_2)
cor.rect.plot(y = data_df_2$X1, x = data_df_2$X2)
The “averaging rectangles process” can be visualized like this:
Sum up the value (area) of the deviation rectangles. Then divide by the number of rectangles to get the average rectangle (or average value). This value is the covariance (if you started with raw values). Or the correlation, if you started with z-values.
For more in depth voyage, have a look at the paper where 13 ways to look at the correlation coefficient are discussed.


Located in Governor's Corner, Potter is a quiet upper-class dorm, small enough for residents to get to know one another, large enough to consider big ideas. It is a community of listeners. Residents who choose Potter as their home are able to press pause on their own opinions and imagine things from another’s point of view.
Diversity is celebrated as students learn not only the art of conversation but how to connect with those who are different. As Brenda Ueland wrote, “Listening is a magnetic and strange thing, a creative force. Think how the friends that really listen to us are the ones we move toward, and we want to sit in their radius as though it did us good, like ultraviolet rays. This is the reason: When we are listened to, it creates us, makes us unfold and expand. Ideas actually begin to grow within us and come to life.”
Jazmin was born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area. She lived in New York before moving to England for graduate school. She worked to help a number of non-governmental organizations in London, England and served as a consultant with Accenture. Jazmin joined Stanford University as a lecturer in the department of Psychology where she co-directed its flagship Introductory Psychology Program. Jazmin began her current appointment as an Associate Director in Student Affairs in 2006.
Lawrence is an Englishman who joined the university as a founding member of Stanford’s Center on Ethics before moving to Cal State to become a professor of political philosophy. As the Director of the Center on Ethics at SJSU, he has addressed subjects from the credit crunch of 2008, urban farming in the USA, to the ethics of drone use in civilian airspace. He is a member of the political theory discussion group at Stanford and has given talks in the Ethics in Society Program and at Stanford Law School.
Available for fur therapy year-round!
The new gym with climbing wall, swimming pool, and more is right across the street.
Best desserts on campus!
Sign up for lessons on Axess or get great student discounts for the Twilight Back 9.
Dr. Watson is always available for a quick stroll.