## motivation
### binary model systems
An element of the system can be any site capable of two states, labeled as yes or no, red or blue, occupied or unoccupied.
State of magnets
$\uparrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \uparrow \uparrow \downarrow \uparrow \downarrow ...$
State of binary bit flow
$01010000111000...$
Question: Can digital data be treated with statistical mechanics?
Claude Elwood Shannon was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory".
Shannon Entropy was introduced in a landmark paper, *A mathematical Theory of Communication*, published in 1948.
Shannon is noted for having founded information theory.
Wikipedia:
Claude Shannon.
Image:
The New Yorker.
Entropy in Statistical Thermodynamics
Boltzmann entropy formula
$\sigma=log\ g$
In Boltzmann's definition, entropy is a measure of the number of possible microstates of a system in **thermodynamic equilibrium**.
Gibbs entropy formula
$ s = - \sum_{i}^{} p_i \ log\ p_i $
A general form, used to identify the entropy of a system. The microstates of such a thermodynamic system are **not equally probable**.
In equilibrium, all microstates are equally likely, so we obtain with
$ p_i = \frac{1}{g}$
\begin{align}
s & = - \sum_{1}^{g} \frac{1}{g} log\ \frac{1}{g} =-log\ \frac{1}{g} \\\\
& =\sigma
\end{align}
Shannon Entropy or Information Entropy
$H=- \sum_{i}^{} p_i \ log_b \ p_i$
If $b=2$, the unit of entropy is bit.
- Experiment 1 with a fair coin
- Number of possible events: N = 2
- Probability of obtaining heads:
$p_1=50\%$
- Probability of obtaining tails:
$p_2=50\%$
- Shannon Entropy
$H=-p_1 log_2 p_1-p_2 log_2 p_2=1(bit)$
- Experiment 2 with a double headed coin
- Number of possible events: N = 1
- Probability of obtaining heads:
$p_1=100\%$
- Shannon Entropy
$H=-p_1 log_2 p_1=0 (bits)$
After throwing a fair coin...
We have obtained 1 bit of information.
Or, uncertainty has reduced by 1 bit.
While, aftering throwing a double headed coin...
We gained nothing.
Shannon Entropy quantifies information!
Shannon Entropy can measure how much information is produced on the average for each letter of a text in the natural language.
Findings:
1. For 27 characters (space included) with equal probability
* $H=4.75 \ (bits\ per\ character)$
* Maximum of information gained per character, theoretically
2. For 27 characters (space included) with different letter frequency
* $H=4.09 \ (bits\ per\ character)$
* neglect written conventions such as prefix, surfix (un-,in-,-ed,-tion)
Data: [Letter Distribution](http://www.macfreek.nl/memory/Letter_Distribution)
In consideration of probability unbalance and written convention
* $H=0.6 \sim 1.3 \ (bits\ per\ character)$
* Experimentally, based on the ability of human subjects to guess successive characters in text
Imformation Redundancy: Language may not be efficient enough.
To make it more effective:
1. Finding more efficient encoding method
2. Data compression
Maxwell's Demon
Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment created by James Clerk Maxwell. A demon controls a small door between two chambers of gas.
As individual gas molecules approach the door, the demon quickly opens and shuts the door so that fast molecules pass into the other chamber, while slow molecules remain in the first chamber.
Because faster molecules are hotter, the demon's behavior causes one chamber to warm up as the other cools, thus decreasing entropy and violating the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Wikipedia: [Maxwell's demon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_demon)
INFORMATION IS NOT FREE
To determine whether to let a molecule through, the demon must:
1. acquire information
2. discard or store
3. erase (thermodynamically irreversible)
The measurement process comsumes energy, and also increases entropy.
Furthermore, **Landauer's principle** quantifies the entropy increase and release of heat due to manipulation of information.
But that's another story...
### Reference
[1]. A mathematical Theory of Communication, C.E. Shannon.
[2]. Prediction and Entropy of Printed English, C.E. Shannon.
[3]. Entropy(information theory), Wikipedia.
[4]. Entropy (statistical thermodynamics), Wikipedia.
[5]. Maxwell's demon, wikipedia.
[6]. Landauer's principle, wikipedia.
[7]. [Entropy and Redundancy in English](http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/cscie129/papers/stanford_info_paper/entropy_of_english_9.htm).
[8]. Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits, [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnJq3Py0dyM&t=434s).
[9]. [Letter Distribution](http://www.macfreek.nl/memory/Letter_Distribution).
### Acknowledgement
Online presentation based on [reveal.js](https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js), an open-source html presentation framework.
Follow me on [Github](https://github.com/ustcllh).


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Chapter VII: The Z-Machine
§41 Architecture and assembly
§42 Devices and opcodes
§43 Pictures, sounds, blurbs and Blorb
§44 Case study: a library file for menus
§45 Limitations and getting around them
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Comments
-
Greg Hurrell
Summary changed:
- From: Winswitch no longer working?
- To: WinSwitch Snow Leopard compatibility
-
Greg Hurrell
Yes, in principle. The reason it was never updated for Leopard was that the third-party tool it relies on wasn't updated for Leopard (see ticket #599). Looks like there is some activity on that front though, so hopefully when a Snow Leopard-ready version of MenuCracker finally makes it out I'll be able to update WinSwitch.
-
Greg Hurrell
MenuCracker ticket on Snow Leopard compatibility:
-
Greg Hurrell
Status changed:
- From: new
- To: open
-
anonymous
Hello,
if you're just using WinSwitch to have a shortcut for Fast User Switching, there is a workaround now: http://muasch.ch/article/show/winswitch-replacement-for-snow-leopard
-
Greg Hurrell
Closed ticket #1454 (private support ticket) as a duplicate of this one.
-
Greg Hurrell
I'm marking all WinSwitch issues closed seeing as I personally no longer use it, and in fact haven't for around 4 years now.
WinSwitch addressed a real problem with the initial implementation of Fast User Switching in Panther (released October 2003), namely, the excessive screen real estate that it chewed up. Apple fixed that problem in Tiger, if I recall correctly, which came out in April 2005 (or if I'm wrong about it being Tiger, then it was definitely fixed by the time Leopard came out, in October 2007).
With this change, most of the justification for WinSwitch's existence went away, at least for me. So that's why I'm going to close all these tickets: I can't really support something that I don't use myself.
But it's open source (see http://git.wincent.com/WinSwitch.git), so if any one wants to tackle any of these issues and submit patches, I'll be happy to accept them.
-
Greg Hurrell
Status changed:
- From: open
- To: closed
Add a comment
Comments are now closed for this issue.


Putting it all together
Now we know everything we need to know to make a simple textured scene! Nothing left to do except actually make something textured! In this section i'm going to walk you trough setting up a simple textured scene, but the actual texturing work will be up to you.
Putting together the test scene
The name of this new test scene will be TexturedPlanes
, so create it in a file called TexturedPlanes.cs. For the last few examples, they have all extended a sample scene, not the empty game scene. I want to make sure we start from scratch here, notice that the TexturedPlanes
class extends the Game
scene, not the LightingExample
class like the lighting examples before this.
So, we're going to need to make a member grid, inside the intialize function we will make a new grid. Also inside of initialize we need to enable depth testing for a proper depth buffer, as well as face culling. The shutdown function is going to stay empty for now.
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
using Math_Implementation;
namespace GameApplication {
class TexturedPlanes : Game {
protected Grid grid = null;
public override void Initialize() {
base.Initialize();
grid = new Grid(true);
GL.Enable(EnableCap.DepthTest);
GL.Enable(EnableCap.CullFace);
}
public override void Shutdown() {
base.Shutdown();
}
The render function is going to set the camera at position (-7, 5, -7), looking at point (0, 0, 0). So we are going to load the appropriate view matrix.
Then we're going to render our standard grid background. Take note, when we draw the grid we disable texturing, then re-enable texturing. This is because the grid color should come from GL.Color3, not the active texture.
public override void Render() {
Matrix4 lookAt = Matrix4.LookAt(new Vector3(-7.0f, 5.0f, -7.0f), new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
GL.LoadMatrix(Matrix4.Transpose(lookAt).Matrix);
GL.Disable(EnableCap.Texture2D);
GL.Disable(EnableCap.DepthTest);
grid.Render();
GL.Enable(EnableCap.DepthTest);
GL.Enable(EnableCap.Texture2D);
}
Finally the resize function is going to set the viewport and load an updated projection matrix, then set the active matrix back to the modelview matrix.
public override void Resize(int width, int height) {
GL.Viewport(0, 0, width, height);
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection);
float aspect = (float)width / (float)height;
Matrix4 perspective = Matrix4.Perspective(60.0f, aspect, 0.01f, 1000.0f);
GL.LoadMatrix(Matrix4.Transpose(perspective).Matrix);
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Modelview);
}
}
}
At this point, the test scene should look like this:
Now, let's add a quad to the scene that is to be rendered. We are going to draw this quad using two triangles. I'll make sure to comment the code to specify which vertex is which corner of the quad. Because we use two triangles, two of the corners will be defined twice.
Modify the Render function, by adding this code at it's end:
GL.Color3(1f, 1f, 1f);
GL.Begin(PrimitiveType.Triangles);
GL.Vertex3(1, 4, 2); // Top Right
GL.Vertex3(1, 4, -2); // Top Let
GL.Vertex3(1, 0, -2); // Bottom Left
GL.Vertex3(1, 4, 2); // Top Right
GL.Vertex3(1, 0, -2); // Bottom Left
GL.Vertex3(1, 0, 2); // Bottom Right
GL.End();
Your scene should now look like this:
On your Own
First, make an assets directory and save this image into it:
Remember, you have to set visual studio's working directory to one above the asset directory for loading resources! Just like with the 2D games.
We are going to do everything inline for now, so no LoadTexture helper function. Back to our code, do the following:
- Make a new integer member variable
- This is going to be a texture handle
- In initialize, enable texturing
- In initialize, generate a texture handle
- Assign the result to the member variable you created earlyer
- In initialize, bind the new texture handle
- In initialize, set the min and mag filters to linear
- In initialize, load the texture data into the handle
- This can be done in 5 lines of code, again no helper function
- If you get stuck, look at the "Loading Help" sub page
- In shutdown, delete the texture handle
- Remember to unbind it first!
- In render, bind the texture handle before drawing the quad
- You MUST do this before GL.Begin
- In Render, add UV coordinates to each vertex
Running your game should show the textured quad. It should look like this:
Before we render the quad we set the color to white with this code: GL.Color3(1f, 1f, 1f);
. Try setting that to blue to see how vertex colors affect textures.
Adding some detail
Rendering a textured quad is interesting, but we can make this a bit better. Let's add two more quads and explore how to render images with some alpha in them! Just like above, i'm going to walk you trough adding the geometry for these images to the scene, but then it's going to be all you when it comes to actually texturing them.
First things first tough, save the following image to your Assets directory. I call my version of it houses.png
Let's modify the render function. After the crazy taxy texture is rendered, add the following code:
// TODO: When you do texturing, remove the Disable call
GL.Disable(EnableCap.Texture2D);
// House 1
GL.Color3(1f, 1f, 1f);
GL.PushMatrix();
GL.Translate(-1f, 0.5f, -1f);
GL.Rotate(-130f, 0f, 1f, 0f);
GL.Scale(0.57f, 1f, 1f);
GL.Scale(3f, 3f, 3f);
GL.Begin(PrimitiveType.Triangles);
GL.Vertex3(0.5, 0.5, 0);//top right
GL.Vertex3(-0.5, 0.5, 0);//top left
GL.Vertex3(-0.5, -0.5, 0);//bottom left
GL.Vertex3(0.5, 0.5, 0);//top right
GL.Vertex3(-0.5, -0.5, 0);//bottom left
GL.Vertex3(0.5, -0.5, 0);//bottom Right
GL.End();
GL.PopMatrix();
// House 2
GL.Color3(1f, 1f, 1f);
GL.PushMatrix();
GL.Translate(-2f, 0.5f, -3f);
GL.Rotate(-130f, 0f, 1f, 0f);
GL.Scale(0.53f, 1f, 1f);
GL.Scale(3f, 3f, 3f);
GL.Begin(PrimitiveType.Triangles);
GL.Vertex3(0.5, 0.5, 0);//top right
GL.Vertex3(-0.5, 0.5, 0);//top left
GL.Vertex3(-0.5, -0.5, 0);//bottom left
GL.Vertex3(0.5, 0.5, 0);//top right
GL.Vertex3(-0.5, -0.5, 0);//bottom left
GL.Vertex3(0.5, -0.5, 0);//bottom Right
GL.End();
GL.PopMatrix();
// TODO: When you do texturing, remove the Enable call
GL.Enable(EnableCap.Texture2D);
For now we disable texturing before drawing the quads, then enable it after were done. We do this so we can confirm that the white boxes are rendered correctly. If we didn't do this, the color of those boxes would be undefined, as OpenGL would try to read the color from the texture, for a model with no UV coordinates.
What this does is simple. We render a plane with a width of 1 and a height of 1 (a depth of 0). Then we use matrix transformations to move the plane into position in the world, rotate it towards the camera, adjust it's aspect ratio and scale it up. The following lines adjust the aspect ratio:
...
GL.Scale(0.57f, 1f, 1f);
...
GL.Scale(0.53f, 1f, 1f);
...
Where do 0.57 and 0.53 come from? Just like with the screen aspect ratio, any aspect is width divided by height. The first building is 186/326 which equals 0.57. The second building is 180/336 which equals 0.53. Of course i'm rounding the number a bit ;).
The size and location of the texture bits is on the actual texture sheet. The aspect ratio of an image is the scale of it's width compared to its height. So at a scale of 1, the width of an image is it's aspect.
Running the game, your scene should look like this:
On Your Own
Now that we have some sample planes rendering, let's actually texture them. You are going to have to do this bit on your own. Just like above, don't make a helper function, write out all the code.
- First, create another class scope texture handle
- Even tough we're texturing 2 objects, they are in an atlas
- In initialize, generate a new handle for this texture
- In initialize, bind the newly created handle
- In initialize, set min and mag filters
- In initialize, load the png file into this new texture handle
- In shutdown, delete the actual texture handle
- Set the member variable to -1, to signify that it's invalid
- In Render, remove the enable and disable texturing around the two new quads
- Before rendering the quads, bind the houses texture
- It's a good idea to bind 0 at the end of the render loop
- In render, add UV coordinates for each square
- To display each house you will need to know where it's
- rectangle is and bring it into (normalized) uv space.
Once you havedone all of that, running the game should look like this:
Well, that's cool. But it's not. Why is the alpha section of the image black? It has alpha pixels! Shouldn't it be transparent?!?!?
Yes and no. The fact is, those are transparent pixels. But if you remember, transparency is not magic. It's not free. And it's not on by default. Let's fix this. Do the following
- In initialize enable blending
- In initialize set the blend function
Once you have done that, your scene will look like this:
One more thing you can try. To see how the order of the sprites effects transparency, try moving the code that renders house 2 above the code that renders house 1. Just to see the artifacts it causes. You need to know what it looks like when you have wrong z-order for alpha blending, and this is the perfect example to check out.
Here is what that would look like, but try it anyway:
This happens because the rendering goes like this now:
- First the grid renders
- Then crazy taxy renders
- Then the closest (green) building renders.
- It's alpha pixes blend with whats on screen (grid & taxi)
- Finally the further (brown) building renders
- It blends with whats on screen (grid, taxi, green building)
- The green building is still rendered on a QUAD geometry
- So a quad is written to the Z-Buffer
- This quad has a closer Z than the new geometry,
- New geometry which fails z-test and does not render in area
And this is why order matters when you are rendering alpha blended objects. You ALWAYS should be rendering the objects furthest away first, and then the closer objects.


All formats can be tried out in the free FontLab Pad application.
The SVG format is known to work in recent Firefox versions on all platforms. Other applications will display the normal black-and-white glyphs as a fallback.
Fonts with the COLR/CPAL tables work in Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 8.1. Other applications will display the normal black-and-white glyphs as a fallback.
The Adobe/Mozilla and Microsoft formats can live together in one font without interfering with each other.
The sbix format is supported on Mac OS X 10.7+ and iOS. The color glyphs are only displayed when the fonts are installed in the system, not as web fonts. There are no fallback glyphs, applications which don’t know the format will display empty glyphs. Applications that use the system text rendering (e. g. Word 2011) will use the color glyphs, while applications with their own rendering engine (e. g. Adobe Creative Suite) display empty glyphs.
Support for the CBDT/CBLC tables is not implemented yet, and application support is unknown.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %}
Where travelers travel
TerminalX is organized by Hubs. In the hub you can access the airports classifieds, extra, and forums. These can also be accsessed via the top menu
Go to an Airports hub based on Airport code (i.e. PDX, LAX, MSP)


© 2018 Intuit, Inc. All rights reserved.
Terms, conditions, features, availability, pricing, fees, service and support options subject to change without notice.


Strength: One of Sookan's greatest strengths is her ability to act as a mother at will. When Inchun and Sookan were seperated from their mother, Inchun was longing for his mother. Sookan quickly turned herself into a mother figure, which helped in a huge way during their journey to the South.
Weakness: Sookan's weakness is her inability to make decisions. For example, while they were in this village in North Korea, Sookan spent three days contemplating whether to go back to Pyongyang, or to continue to Seoul.
Defining Moment: Sookan's defining moment is when she crossed the barbed-wire fence, passing into South Korea.
Essential Question: To be, or not to be? (I know, so cliché, but it fits.)
Picture: The cresent moon represents Sookan looking over Inchun, but periodically.
Strength: One of Grandfather's strengths is his ability to have hope for the future, while the current circumstances are dim, and when the people around him have no hope. Sadly, he never got to see the end of the Japanese occupation.
Weakness: His inability to provide information about what her is thinking. In other words, he becomes to mysterious at times.
 After this, his life proceeded in a downward spiral.
Essential Question: How can the Japanese occupation help us?
Strength: One of Mother's greatest strengths is her ability to differentiate between black and white; meaning she is able to tell when an event/decision is a positive one, or a negative one.
Weakness: Her strength could also be a weakness: if she sees only black and white, there is no room for gray, possibly leading her to false assuptions and bias.
Defining Moment: At the train station where she became detained. (Or, if you count the epilogue, the moment she had the courage to leave the house where she was a house maid.)
Essential Question: Is there good in bad? Is there bad in good?
Strength: One of Aunt Tiger's strengths is her ability to not get emotional at sad events/decisions. Also, she can crack jokes at appropriate times (helps to lighten the mood), and inappropriate times (helps to darken the mood).
Weakness: Aunt Tiger's weakness is her inability to feel emotion.
Defining Moment: Aunt Tiger's defining moment is when she declined to come with Mother to Seoul.
Essential Question: If my husband came back, would he like how I act?
*Notice: I am not trying to suggest that Aunt Tiger is a donkey, but instead that she is headfirst and stubborn, like this animal who happens to be a donkey.
Strength: Kisa's strength is his ability to persist at what he is doing, no matter the obstacles.
Weakness: Kisa's weakness is quite literal; he is weak due to his disability. Also, Kisa can get emotional at times, making him susceptible to bias and false assumptions.
Defining Moment: Pretty much the same as Aunt Tiger's: "[Kisa's] defining moment is when...[he]...declined to come with Mother to Seoul."
Essential Question: I am worth the same as everyone else?


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Suspected
case at
Columbia
Suspected
cases at
Princeton
Potential
exposure
at UPenn
Confirmed
case at
Dartmouth
Confirmed
cases
at Cornell
Suspected
cases at
Brown
Suspected
cases at
Harvard
Confirmed
case at Yale
March 8
20
12
16
Harvard, Yale,
and Cornell
announces
online classes
and student
move-out.
Dartmouth
and Brown announces online classes and student move-out.
Columbia
announces
online
classes.
Columbia
announces
student
move-out.
UPenn announces virtual classes and student move-out. Princeton announces student move-out.
Princeton
announces
online classes.
March 8
Columbia
announces
online classes.
Suspected
case at
Columbia
Princeton
announces
online classes.
Suspected
cases at
Brown
Harvard, Yale,
and Cornell
announces online
classes and
student move-out.
Suspected
cases at
Princeton
Suspected
cases at
Harvard
UPenn announces
virtual classes and student move-out.
Princeton announces
student move-out.
12
Dartmouth and Brown announces online classes and student move-out.
Potential
exposure
at UPenn
Confirmed
case at Yale
Columbia
announces
student
move-out.
Confirmed
case at
Dartmouth
16
Confirmed
cases
at Cornell
20


Different data types¶
The number of neuroimaging tools is large, ranging from electroencephalography to optogenetics to functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, not all types of analyzes have generally available tools for the analysis and documentation of datasets. Nevertheless, the open-source community is still working on solutions that can solve this problem using the most popular and easy-to-use tools such as Python, BIDS and the like.
In this section, we describe guidelines for documenting and analyzing data in an open and well-documented manner.
EEG and MEG¶
BIDS community being the result of the ongoing collaboration, shared knowledge, discussion and consesus - is constantly working on the continuous development of new tools for data analysis.
EEG-BIDS¶
In progress.
MEG-BIDS¶
In progress
MEG + EEG Analysis & Visualization¶
MNE-Python software is an open-source Python package for exploring, visualizing, and analyzing human neurophysiological data such as MEG, EEG, sEEG, ECoG, and more.
This Python package covers most types of data analysis workflow including preprocessing, visualization, source estimation, time-frequency analysis, connectivity analysis, machine learning, and statistics. All of those are covered and explained further in Tutorials.
The installation is quite easy, because it works with pip install -U mne.
Note
To find more specific information, visit the MNE’s documentation.
fMRI¶
In progress.


MA SAISON PREFEREE (MY FAVORITE SEASON) A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1996 James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 8.5 Alternative Scale: ***1/2 out of ****
France, 1993 U.S. Release Date: beginning 6/96 (limited) Running Length: 2:04 MPAA Classification: No MPAA Rating (Nudity, mature themes, profanity) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1
Cast: Catherine Deneuve, Daniel Auteuil, Marthe Villalonga, Jean-Pierre Bouvier, Chiara Mastroianni, Anthony Prada Director: Andre Techine Producer: Alain Sarde Screenplay: Andre Techine Cinematography: Thierry Arbogast Music: Philippe Sarde U.S. Distributor: Filmopolis Pictures
Despite having taken three years to make the trip across the Atlantic, Andre Techine's MA SAISON PREFEREE is surely one of the best films of the summer, if not the year. After its release in France, MA SAISON PREFEREE was unable to acquire an American distributor; however, following the modest art-house success of the director's subsequent effort, WILD REEDS, the door was opened for the movie's U.S. showing. For those who enjoy rich, complex character dramas, the arrival of MA SAISON PREFEREE is a cause for celebration.
MA SAISON PREFEREE is about relationships and communication. It's about sacrifice and misunderstandings. And, above all, it's about the ties of family and how the passage of time constantly distorts and re- invents our relationships with those we are closest to. Techine's masterful story probes these issues, constantly digging deeper to uncover hidden motivations. In the process, a pair of multi- dimensional, completely believable personalities are created. These characters get under our skin and stay there.
MA SAISON PREFEREE features international film icon Catherine Deneuve as Emilie and French star Daniel Auteuil (JEAN DE FLORETTE, UN COEUR EN HIVER) as her estranged brother, Antoine. The rift between these two has existed for three years, a time during which they haven't spoken. When their mother, Berthe (Marthe Villalonga), suffers a stroke, Emilie brings the older woman to her house to live. Bruno (Jean-Pierre Bouvier), Emilie's husband, resents Berthe's presence, and is even less pleased when Emilie breaks the silence with Antoine and invites him to Christmas dinner. On that night, with the snow falling outside, the tangled skein of Emilie and Antoine's relationship begins to untangle, causing Emilie to leave her husband and reach a new understanding with her brother.
When MA SAISON PREFEREE begins, none of the characters are happy with themselves, their lives, their relationships, or each other. As time passes, however, and Emilie and Antoine re-discover the closeness they once shared, they uncover their lost humanity. But how deep is this new understanding, and what level of sacrifice can it survive? Techine goes to great pains to illustrate that there are no easy answers to life's most difficult questions, and that no aspect of human interaction can avoid change.
Emilie and Antoine are vastly different, and that contrast forms a dynamic that keeps their relationship interesting as it mutates. Emilie is cool, reserved, and distant. Her husband calls her an emotional cripple who's incapable of love. Antoine is selfish, outgoing, and brash. Deneuve and Auteuil capture the essences of these two perfectly.
A varied and intriguing group of supporting characters populate this film. The most important is Berthe, whose circumstances and actions impel change in Emilie and Antoine's relationship. We also meet Emilie's troublesome adopted son, Lucien (Anthony Prada), and her daughter, Anne (Chiara Mastroianni, the real-life offspring of Deneuve and actor Marcello Mastroianni), who feels unloved and neglected. These two members of the younger generation have their own stories, pieces of which we see when they intersect aspects of Techine's main narrative.
MA SAISON PREFEREE is the sort of intelligent, sensitive drama that we need more of. It engages the intellect without ignoring the emotions. In the midst of this summer's glut of mind-numbing action features, it's a rare and welcome treat to find something this fresh. Regardless of the time of the year or the color of the leaves on the trees, MA SAISON PREFEREE is definitely worth seeing.
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ReelViews web site: http://www.cybernex.net/~berardin
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


DeckDataService
app
Deck factory. You can fetch here the deck from an API and the use it in controller


Status
% if details['State']['Paused'] == True:
Paused
% elif details['State']['Running'] == True:
Running for {{details['State']['StartedAt']}}
% elif details['State']['Restarting'] == True:
Restarting
% else:
Stopped {{details['State']['FinishedAt']}}. Was up for {{details['State']['UpFor']}}
% end


___________ DARK CITY A Film By Alex Proyas
Reviewed By Christian MacInnis
Upon arriving at the theater during the opening credits, I took my seat and prepared myself for what appeared to be "Hellraiser meets The Crow". But as soon as Kiefer Sutherland began speaking the narrative monologue, describing "The Strangers" and their reasons for contacting human beings, I was hooked.
There was something especially compelling about the nature of his voice. I knew from the start that I was going to witness the actions of his character rather than the actor attempting the character. Sutherland played the role as a true veteran. Upon the completion of his monologue, the camera arrives on Sutherland in such a fashion that you can only wonder how long Alex Proyas spent on cinematography. I would imagine, for a film of this caliber, that maximum hours of work were spent where they were needed the most. The film flowed beautifully.
As I was being taken through the intricate regions of the "Dark City", a clever plot began to unravel, to the point where the last time I had seen such clever plot twists were in "The Usual Suspects". Not to mention a series of special effects that would make James Cameron literally turn green with envy.
But if you're not exactly the biggest sci-fi fan, caveat emptor. Get ready for the atmostpheric darkness of "12 Monkeys" or "The Crow" without the boredom or depression. The concept of the plot is as mindstretching as "12 Monkeys" was, however, so be prepared and be sophisticated. And imagine a picture that finally does justice to the comic-book-gone-feature-film fad that Hollywood has recently become abusive of. DARK CITY simply puts "Spawn" to shame. In fact, during the climax of the film I couldn't help but feel the strong presence of an "Akira"-esque explosion throughout the general feeling of the movie. So my initial predictions were wrong. This film is anything but the meloncholy of "Hellraiser" parts one through five.
I'm never one to base a film entirly on special effects, so know that when I give DARK CITY
****1/2 (out of *****)
it's actually because the film contained all of the neccessary ingredients to keep me entertained and awake from storyline to plot twists to camerawork to even (tsk, tsk) special effects. Not since Contact have I recieved such deep insight into the way the human mind operates and never this year have I been so blown away. The best film I've seen all year, and easily one of the best I've ever seen
Christian MacInnis
Review ©1998 Christian L. MacInnis
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rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Hi, I am Loez!
Hi, my name is Luiz Gustavo de Moraes Souza, my nickname is Loez. I'm 18 years old, I started studying programming in 2020 where I got in touch with my favorite programming language called Java. In the Computer Technician course I took at QI I had my first contact with a Linux distribution: Ubuntu, which has become one of my favorite distros as I showed on the slide above.


Defines the projection, vector continuity and other operations for
a set of one or more readers. Separates the core reader protocol from
the logic of working with batches.
Schema Evolution
Drill discovers schema on the fly. The scan operator hosts multiple readers.
In general, each reader may have a distinct schema, though the user typically
arranges data in a way that scanned files have a common schema (else SQL
is the wrong tool for analysis.) Still, subtle changes can occur: file A
is an old version without a new column c, while file B includes the column.
And so on.
The scan operator works to ensure schema continuity as much as
possible, smoothing out "soft" schema changes that are simply artifacts of
reading a collection of files. Only "hard" changes (true changes) are
passed downstream.
First, let us define three types of schema change:
- Trivial: a change in vectors underlying a column. Column a may
be a required integer, but if the actual value vector changes, some
operators treat this as a schema change.
- Soft: a change in column order, but not the type or existence of
columns. Soft changes cause problems for operators that index columns by
position, since column positions change.
- Hard: addition or deletion of a column, or change of column
data type.
The goal of this package is to smooth out trivial and soft schema changes,
and avoid hard schema changes where possible. To do so, we must understand
the sources of schema change.
- Trivial schema changes due to multiple readers. In general, each reader
should be independent of other readers, since each file is independent of
other files. Since readers are independent, they should have control over
the schema (and vectors) used to read the file. However, distinct vectors
trigger a trivial schema change.
- Schema changes due to readers that discover data schema as the read
progresses. The start of a file might have two columns, a and b. A second
batch might discover column c. Then, when reading a second file, the process
might repeat. In general, if we have already seen column c in the first file,
there is no need to trigger a schema change upon discovering it in the
second. (Though there are subtle issues, such as handling required types.)
- Schema changes due to columns that appear in one file, but not another.
This is a variation of the above issue, but occurs across files, as
explained above.
- Schema changes due to guessing wrong about the type of a missing
column. A query might request columns a, b and c. The first file has columns
a and b, forcing the scan operator to "make up" a column c. Typically Drill
uses a nullable int. But, a later reader might find a column c and realize
that it is actually a Varchar.
- Actual schema changes in the data: a file might contain a run of numbers,
only to insert a string later. A file A might have columns a and b, while a
second file adds column c. (In general, columns are not removed, only added
or have the type changed.)
To avoid soft schema changes, this scan
operator uses a variety of schema smoothing "levels":
- Level 0: anything that the reader might do, such as a JDBC data source
requesting only the required columns.
- Level 1: for queries with an explicit select (SELECT a, b, c...), the
result set loader will filter out unwanted columns. So, if file A also
includes column d, and file B adds d and f, the result set loader will
project out the unneeded columns, avoiding schema change (and unnecessary
vector writes.
- Level 2: for multiple readers, or readers with evolving schema, a
buffering layer fills in missing columns using the type already seen,
if possible.
- Level 3: soft changes are avoided by projecting table columns (and
metadata columns) into the order requested by an explicit select.
- Level 4: the scan operator itself monitors the resulting schema,
watching for changes that cancel out. For example, each reader builds
its own schema. If the two files have an identical schema, then the resulting
schemas are identical and no schema change need be advertised downstream.
Keep the above in mind when looking at individual classes. Mapping of
levels to classes:
- Level 1:
LogicalTupleSet
in the ResultSetLoader
class.
- Level 2:
ProjectionPlanner
, ScanProjection
and
ScanProjector
.
- Level 3:
ScanProjector
.
- Level 4:
OperatorRecordBatch.SchemaTracker
.
Selection List Processing
A key challenge in the scan operator is mapping of table schemas to the
schema returned by the scan operator. We recognize three distinct kinds of
selection:
- Wildcard: SELECT *
- Generic: SELECT columns, where "columns" is an array of column
values. Supported only by readers that return text columns.
- Explicit: SELECT a, b, c, ... where "a", "b", "c" and so on are
the expected names of table columns
Since Drill uses schema-on-read, we are not sure of the table schema until
we actually ask the reader to open the table (file or other data source.)
Then, a table can be "early schema" (known at open time) or "late schema"
(known only after reading data.)
A selection list goes through three distinct phases to result in a final
schema of the batch returned downstream.
- Query selection planning: resolves column names to metadata (AKA implicit
or partition) columns, to "*", to the special "columns" column, or to a list
of expected table columns.
- File selection planning: determines the values of metadata columns based
on file and/or directory names.
- Table selection planning: determines the fully resolved output schema by
resolving the wildcard or selection list against the actual table columns.
A late-schema table may do table selection planning multiple times: once
each time the schema changes.
Output Batch Construction
The batches produced by the scan have up to four distinct kinds of columns:
- File metadata (filename, fqn, etc.)
- Directory (partition metadata: (dir0, dir1, etc.)
- Table columns (or the special "columns" column)
- Null columns (expected table columns that turned out to not match any
actual table column. To avoid errors, Drill returns these as columns filled
with nulls.
In practice, the scan operator uses three distinct result set loaders to create
these columns:
- Table loader: for the table itself. This loader uses a selection layer to
write only the data needed for the output batch, skipping unused columns.
- Metadata loader: to create the file and directory metadata columns.
- Null loader: to populate the null columns.
The scan operator merges the three sets of columns to produce the output
batch. The merge step also performs projection: it places columns into the
output batch in the order specified by the original SELECT list (or table order,
if the original SELECT had a wildcard.) Fortunately, this is just involves
moving around pointers to vectors; no actual data is moved during projection.
Class Structure
Some of the key classes here include:
RowBatchReader
an extremely simple interface for reading data.
We would like many developers to create new plugins and readers. The simplified
interface pushes all complexity into the scan framework, leaving the reader to
just read.
ShimBatchReader
an implementation of the above that converts from
the simplified API to add additional structure to work with the result set loader.
(The base interface is agnostic about how rows are read.)
ScheamNegotiator
and interface that allows a batch reader to
"negotiate" a schema with the scan framework. The scan framework knows the
columns that are to be projected. The reader knows what columns it can offer.
The schema negotiator works out how to combine the two. It expresses the result
as a result set loader. Column writers are defined for all columns that the
reader wants to read, but only the materialized (projected) columns have actual
vectors behind them. The non-projected columns are "free-wheeling" "dummy"
writers.
And, yes, sorry for the terminology. File "readers" read from files, but
use column "writers" to write to value vectors.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}
Medieval catalogues > PREMONSTRATENSIANS > Barlings > Lincolnshire list, 1528
{% endif %}3 identified entries found.
All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
{% if not printing %}
A key to codes used in the List is available (opens in new tab).{% endif %}


Best of Gilt 2014: Product and User Experience
Today’s “Best of” list highlights some of the fantastic new features and user experience improvements launched by Gilt’s product and UX team in 2014. Be sure to check out our other “Best of 2014” posts celebrating Gilt Engineering, the Gilt Personalization team’s favorite things of 2014, and the Gilt Mobile Team’s favorite apps of the year.
11/11 relaunch + Alipay
Gilt celebrated the most lucrative Singles’ Day yet by relaunching in China with an exciting new set of products and features. Language localization, integration of the Alipay and UnionPay platforms, and the launch of our iOS and Android apps in Chinese were just some of the elements of this amazing company-wide effort. Our hard work paid off in huge sales and coverage from the likes of Businessweek and Women’s Wear Daily. Earlier this month, Gilt Director of Product Andrew Chen recapped his experiences working on 11/11 for the Design Driven NYC meetup.
The Shops
Looking for a business suit, a new pair of jeans, or special-occasion item? The Shops, released in July, is a Gilt product feature that provides destination spots for customers to browse and shop for the basics. Current shops include The Art Shop, The Accessories Shop (men), and The Holiday Gifts Shop. How much simpler could shopping get?
One-Hour Free Shipping Countdown
To create a sense of urgency, we created a feature showing customers how much time they have left to take advantage of their one hour of free shipping after making a purchase. The timer follows the user on all the pages they browse across sales and categories.
Gilt Unlimited
In July, we rolled out the Gilt Unlimited shipping option to all of our members. With Gilt Unlimited, our members pay $9.95 once and enjoy free shipping for 30 days for all orders shipped within the U.S. This proved to be a compelling shipping option for our customers.
Personalized Sales Experience
Our personalized sales initiative allows us to decide in real-time which sales to show to which users based on their previous behavior. If it’s Thursday, and you missed a sale on Monday that you would have really liked (based on your past visits to Gilt), you’ll still be able to see the sale.
New Product Detail and Product Landing Pages
Keeping our shopping experience fresh and exciting is one of our primary goals. To this end, in September we revamped our product pages by enlarging our imagery; making it easier to switch from selecting a color to selecting a size and adding it to the shopping cart; bringing more recommended products to the top of the screen; optimizing our content and social sharing layouts, and increasing the number of “You May Also Like” products from three to four.
Gilt Global Localization System
As we’ve continued to grow our Global customer base, we’re keenly aware of our need to serve our customers in their native language. Given that Gilt has been built on an English centric system, we had to develop a new way for us to provide translations for any piece of static content on our site our mobile apps. This system has proven to allow instantaneous insertion of translations and given us a strong edge in our high priority international countries.
New Navigation Bar
In July, our user experience team completed work on a new Gilt navigation bar that saves space, highlights discounts for our customers, and aligns with our goals to make the Gilt.com website responsive. Our new nav earned the notice of others in the design community, including UX Booth.
Post Purchase Waitlist
After noticing that our customers’ waitlists combined amounted to $9 billion in potential sales, we launched this feature in May. Created by Global Lead Software Engineer Karl Norling, Post Purchase Waitlist shows available Waitlist items on the receipt page after a customer places an order, thereby alerting them to which of their personal waitlist items are available and giving them an opportunity to buy them. Post Purchase Waitlist has generated more than $36 million for Gilt so far.
Gilt Direct
Launched in August, Gilt Direct offers vendors a brand-new way to get their products on Gilt.com and sell them to our millions of users. Through an online portal, vendors can upload their photos, product descriptions and pricing to our system; then our buyers hand-select items based on our sales calendar and needs. Vendors then receive the orders, and ship the goods directly to customers. Gilt Direct is one of our innovative efforts to introduce new brands to our users and discover great products.
Shop the Warehouse
Shop the Warehouse has augmented Gilt’s keyword search index with products that we’ve sold before, but that aren’t in an upcoming sale. This feature has greatly increased the number of products available for our customers to purchase and has improved search traffic. On the engineering side of things, Shop the Warehouse illustrates the power of our microservices architecture in that there is nice isolation between the service powering search traffic and the service powering sale traffic.
Today’s Best Sellers
Curious about the day’s highest-selling products at Gilt? Today’s Best Sellers tells you what they are–and also helps you to discover new products and brands.
We Raised Shopping Cart Limits From Five to 15 Items
Just last week we raised our cart limit from 5 to 15 items for desktop and mobile apps.


src/app/authguard.service.ts
Verifies that the user is correctly logged in with a valid Google BYUI account. Redirects the user to the Google login page as needed. Provides validation for the user to access various routes.
Properties |
|
Methods |
constructor(afAuth: AngularFireAuth, router: Router)
|
||||||||||||
|
Defined in src/app/authguard.service.ts:30
|
||||||||||||
|
Parameters :
|
| canActivate |
canActivate()
|
|
Defined in src/app/authguard.service.ts:63
|
|
Used to prevent the user from navigating through Katana if they are not logged in with a valid google (byui) account.
Returns :
boolean
|
| doGoogleLogin |
doGoogleLogin()
|
|
Defined in src/app/authguard.service.ts:71
|
|
Redirects the user to the google login page, where they sign in, and then are returned to Katana to have their credentials processed.
Returns :
any
|
| retrieveToken |
retrieveToken()
|
|
Defined in src/app/authguard.service.ts:101
|
|
Retrieves the user's idToken for Firebase, so requests can be validated on the server.
Returns :
any
|
| signOut |
signOut()
|
|
Defined in src/app/authguard.service.ts:91
|
|
Signs the user out of Katana and redirects them to the Google login page.
Returns :
any
|
| Public afAuth |
afAuth:
|
Type : AngularFireAuth
|
|
Defined in src/app/authguard.service.ts:36
|
|
angularfire2 - https://github.com/angular/angularfire2
|
| Public router |
router:
|
Type : Router
|
|
Defined in src/app/authguard.service.ts:37
|
|
Used to verify location and navigate the user to new pages as needed.
|
| Private user |
user:
|
Type : Observable<User>
|
|
Defined in src/app/authguard.service.ts:20
|
|
The currently logged in user |
| Public userDetails |
userDetails:
|
Type : User
|
Default value : null
|
|
Defined in src/app/authguard.service.ts:25
|
|
The currently logged in user |
import { Injectable, Output, EventEmitter } from '@angular/core';
import { Router, CanActivate } from '@angular/router';
import { AngularFireAuth } from 'angularfire2/auth';
import { User } from 'firebase';
import { auth } from 'firebase';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
/**
* Verifies that the user is correctly logged in with a valid
* Google BYUI account. Redirects the user to the Google
* login page as needed. Provides validation for the user
* to access various routes.
*/
@Injectable()
export class AuthGuardService implements CanActivate {
/** *****************************
* The currently logged in user
*******************************/
private user: Observable<User>;
/** *****************************
* The currently logged in user
*******************************/
public userDetails: User = null;
/**
* Event emitted when auth status changes
*/
@Output() authState = new EventEmitter<boolean>();
/** ***********************************************************************************
* @param afAuth angularfire2 - https://github.com/angular/angularfire2
* @param router Used to verify location and navigate the user to new pages as needed.
*/
constructor(public afAuth: AngularFireAuth,
public router: Router) {
this.user = afAuth.authState;
this.authState.emit(false);
auth().getRedirectResult()
.catch(console.error);
this.user.subscribe(user => {
if (user) {
auth().updateCurrentUser(user);
this.userDetails = user;
} else if (!user) {
if (this.userDetails) {
this.userDetails = null;
}
this.doGoogleLogin();
}
this.authState.emit(this.canActivate());
this.router.navigate(['/']);
});
}
/** *********************************************************************************
* Used to prevent the user from navigating through Katana if they
* are not logged in with a valid google (byui) account.
***********************************************************************************/
canActivate(): boolean {
return (this.userDetails !== null && this.userDetails.email.includes('@byui.edu'));
}
/** *********************************************************************************
* Redirects the user to the google login page, where they sign in,
* and then are returned to Katana to have their credentials processed.
***********************************************************************************/
doGoogleLogin() {
return new Promise<any>((resolve, reject) => {
const provider = new auth.GoogleAuthProvider();
provider.addScope('profile');
provider.addScope('email');
auth().setPersistence(auth.Auth.Persistence.SESSION)
.then(() => {
this.afAuth.auth
.signInWithRedirect(provider)
.catch(function (error) {
console.error(error);
});
});
});
}
/** *********************************************************************************
* Signs the user out of Katana and redirects them to the Google login
* page.
***********************************************************************************/
signOut() {
return auth().signOut()
.then(this.doGoogleLogin)
.catch(console.error);
}
/** *********************************************************************************
* Retrieves the user's idToken for Firebase, so requests can be validated on the
* server.
***********************************************************************************/
retrieveToken() {
return auth().currentUser.getIdToken(true)
.catch(console.error);
}
}


I'm a web content guy learning to become more of a web development guy. Currently I work at DePaul University in Chicago. Things I do a lot at work: writing web content, producing short videos, orchestrating email campaigns, managing a bunch of websites. As you might guess, a lot of my current projects stem from my work at DePaul. But I like to stay busy learning to code at Free Code Camp and hope to be adding more personal projects soon.
I created this site using DePaul's SharePoint framework (loosely based on Bootstrap with a few JS plugins for things like sliders, etc.). For the first time, students can view all the tutoring options in place, in addition to other kinds of support like mentoring, advising, and health services.


---
layout: post
title: Rear view
date: '2015-07-07T18:30:36+02:00'
categories:
- Storyboards
picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/123499982072/toyota-ecb-sponsorship-Storyboards-title-rear
---
TOYOTA ECB sponsorship Storyboards.
Title: Rear View Wicket Camera
Film Director: Bugsy Riverbank Steel
Production: Good Egg


--- layout: post esbma_id: 1618 title: Chapter 9: Source Control Integration with IDEs date: 2006-08-01 14:59:23 keywords: scm teaser: Just as a spice rack belongs near the stove, source control should always be available where the developer is working. ---
This is part of an online book called Source Control HOWTO, a best practices guide on source control, version control, and configuration management.
| < Chapter 8 |
The various applications used by software developers are traditionally called "tools". When we speak of "developer tools", we're talking about the essential items that programmers use every day, like compilers and text editors and syntax checkers and Mountain Dew. Just as a master carpenter uses her tools to build a house, developers use their tools to build software applications.
In the old days, each developer would assemble their own collection of their favorite tools. Back around 1991, my preferred toolset looked something like this:
Fifteen years later, most developers would consider this approach to be strange. Today, everything is "integrated". Instead of selecting one of each kind of tool, we select an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), an application which collects all the necessary tools together in one place. To continue the metaphor, we would say that the focus today is not on the individual tools, but rather, on the workshop in which those tools are used.
This trend is hardly new. Ever since Borland released Turbo Pascal in 1983, IDEs have become more popular every year. In the last ten years, many IDE products have disappeared as the industry has consolidated. Today, it is only a small exaggeration to say that there are just two IDEs left: Visual Studio and Eclipse.
But despite the industry consolidation, the trend is clear. Developers want their tools to be very well integrated together. Most recently, Microsoft's Visual Studio Team System takes this trend to a higher level than we have previously seen. Mainstream IDEs in the past have provided base operations such as editing, compiling, building and documentation. Now Visual Studio also has unit tests, visual modeling, code generators, and work item tracking. Furthermore, the IDE isn't just for coders anymore. Every task performed by every person involved in the software development process is moving into the IDE.
Source control is one of the development tools which has been commonly integrated into IDEs for quite some time. The fit is very natural. Here at SourceGear, our source control product has two main client applications:
Unsurprisingly, the IDE client is very popular with our users. Many of our users would never think about using source control without IDE integration.
Why does version control work so nicely inside an IDE? Because it makes the three most common operations a lot easier:
When using the checkout-edit-checkin model, files must be checked out before they are edited. With source control integrated into an IDE, this task can be quite automatic. Specifically, when you begin to edit a file, the IDE will notice that you do not have it checked out yet and check the file out for you. Effectively, this means developers never need to remember to checkout a file.
A common and frustrating mistake is to add a new file to a project but forget to place it under source control. So when I am done with my coding task, I checkin my changes to the existing files, but the newly added file never makes it into the repository. The build is broken.
When using source control integration with an IDE, this mistake is basically impossible to make. Most IDEs today support the notion of a "project", a list of all files which are considered part of the build process. When used with source control, the IDE decides what files to place under source control because it knows every file that is part of the project. The act of adding a file to the project also adds it to source control.
IDEs excel at nagging developers. The user interface of an IDE has special places to nag the developer about compiler errors and unsaved files and even unfixed bugs. Similarly, visual indicators in the IDE can be used to remind the developer that he has not yet checked in his changes.
When source control is integrated into an IDE, developers don't have to think about it very much. They don't have to try to remember to Checkout, Add or Checkin because the IDE is either performing those actions automatically or reminding them to do it.
Once you integrate source control into an IDE, you open the possibility for cool features that go beyond the basics. For example, source control integration can be incredibly helpful when used with refactoring. When I use the refactoring features of Eclipse to rename a Java class, it is obviously nice that Eclipse figures out all the changes that need to be made. It's even nicer that Eclipse automatically handles all the necessary source control operations. It even performs the name change of the source file.
For another example, here is a screen shot of a Blame feature integrated into Eclipse:
The user story for this feature goes like this: The developer is coding and she encounters something that deserves to be on The Daily WTF. She wants to immediately know who is responsible, so she right-clicks on the offensive line and selects the Blame feature. The source control plugin queries the repository for history and determines who made the change. The task was simpler because the Blame feature is conveniently located in the place where it is most likely to be needed.
For source control, IDE integration is great in theory, but it has not always been so great in practice. The tradeoffs of having your IDE do source control for you are the same as the tradeoffs of having your IDE do anything else. It's easier, but you have less control over the process.
Before I continue, I need to make a confession:
I personally have never used source control integration with an IDE. Heck, for a long time I didn't use IDEs at all. I'm a control freak. It's not enough for me to know what's going on under the hood. Sometimes I prefer to just do everything myself. I don't like project-based build systems where I add a few files and the IDE magically builds my app. I like diving make systems where I can control exactly where everything is and where the build targets are placed.
Except for a brief and passionate affair with Think C during the late eighties, I didn't really start using IDE project files until Visual Studio .NET. Today, I am gradually becoming more and more of an IDE user, but I still prefer to do all source control operations using a standalone GUI client. Eventually, that will change, and my transformation to IDE user will be complete.
Anyway, for the sake of completeness, I will explain the tradeoffs I see with using source control integration with IDEs. This should be taken as information, not as an argument against the feature. IDE integration is the most natural way to use source control on a daily basis.
The first observation is that IDE clients have fewer features than standalone clients. The IDE is great for basic source control operations, but it is definitely not the natural place to perform all source control operations. Some things, such as branching, don't fit very well at all. However, this is a minor point which merely illustrates that an IDE client cannot be the only user interface for accessing a source control repository. If this were the only problem, it would not be a problem. This is the sort of tradeoff that I would consciously accept.
The real problem with source control integration for IDEs is that it just doesn't work very well. For this sad state of affairs, I put most of the blame on MSSCCI.
It's pronounced "misskee", and it stands for Microsoft Source Code Control Interface. MSSCCI is the API which defines the interaction between Microsoft Visual Studio and source control tools.
A source control tool which wants to support integration with Visual Studio must implement this API. Basically, it's a DLL which defines a number of documented entry points. When configured properly, the IDE makes calls into the DLL to perform source control operations as needed or as requested by the user.
Originally, Microsoft's developer tools were the only host environments for MSSCCI. Today, MSSCCI is used by lots of other IDEs as well. It has become sort of a de facto standard. Source control vendors implemented MSSCCI plugins so that their products could be used within Microsoft IDEs. In turn, vendors of other IDEs implemented MSSCCI hosting so that their products could be used with the already-available source control plugins.
The ubiquity of MSSCCI is very unfortunate. MSSCCI was designed to be a bridge between SourceSafe and early versions of Microsoft Visual Studio. It served this purpose just fine, but now the API is being used for lots of other version control tools besides SourceSafe and lots of other IDEs besides Visual Studio. It is being used in ways that it was never designed to be used, resulting in lots of frustration.
The top three problems with MSSCCI are:
On top of all this, all the world's MSSCCI hosts tend to implement their side of the API a little differently. If you implement a MSSCCI plugin and get everything working with Visual Studio 2003, you have approximately zero chance of it working well with Visual Basic 6, FoxPro or Visual Interdev. After you code in all the special hacks to get things compatible with these fringe Microsoft environments, your plugin still has no real chance of working with third party products like MultiEdit. Every IDE requires some different tweaks and quirky behavior to make it work. By the time you get your plugin working with some of these other IDEs, your regression testing shows that it doesn't work with Visual Studio 2003 anymore. Lather. Rinse. Repeat.
Most developers who work with MSSCCI eventually turn to recreational pharmaceuticals in a futile effort to cope.
Luckily, MSSCCI is fading away. Earlier in this article I flippantly joked that Visual Studio and Eclipse were the only IDEs left in the world. This is of course an exaggeration, but the fact remains that these two products have the lion's share, so we can take some comfort in their dominance when we think about the prevalence of MSSCCI in the future:
So, the two dominant IDEs today inspire us to dream of a MSSCCI-free world. The planet will certainly be a nicer place to live when MSSCCI is a distant memory.
Here at SourceGear, the various problems with MSSCCI have caused us to hold a cautious and reserved stance toward IDE integration. Most of our customers really would prefer an IDE client, so we give them one. But we consider our standalone GUI client to be the primary UI because it is faster and more full-featured. And internally, most of us on the Vault team use the standalone GUI client for our everyday work.
But our posture is changing dramatically. We are currently working on an Eclipse plugin as well as a completely new plugin for the new source control API in Visual Studio 2005. Sometime in early 2007, we will be ready to consider our IDE clients to be primary, with our other client applications to be available for less common operations. What do I mean when I say "primary"? Well, among other things, I mean that the IDE clients will be the way we use our own product. Including me. :-)
It's not yet terribly impressive to look at, but here's a screen shot of our new Visual Studio 2005 client:
The direction of this industry right now is toward more and more integration. This is a very good thing. We're going to see many new improvements. Users will be happier. Just as a spice rack belongs near the stove, source control should always be available where the developer is working.
| < Chapter 8 |


rm(list = ls())
library(tidyverse)
library(dfoptim)
library(rtdists)
library(rstan)
library(bayesplot)
source('rwald code.r') # from https://osf.io/3sp9t/
We can write down Equation 1 of the Tillman paper to simulate the process described by the race diffusion model:
rdm_path <- function(drift1, drift2, threshold, ndt, sp1=0, sp2=0, noise_constant=1, dt=0.001, max_rt=10) {
max_tsteps <- max_rt/dt
# initialize the diffusion process
tstep <- 0
x1 <- c(sp1*threshold) # vector of accumulated evidence at t=tstep
x2 <- c(sp2*threshold) # vector of accumulated evidence at t=tstep
time <- c(ndt)
# start accumulating
while (x1[tstep+1] < threshold & x2[tstep+1] < threshold & tstep < max_tsteps) {
x1 <- c(x1, x1[tstep+1] + rnorm(mean=drift1*dt, sd=noise_constant*sqrt(dt), n=1))
x2 <- c(x2, x2[tstep+1] + rnorm(mean=drift2*dt, sd=noise_constant*sqrt(dt), n=1))
time <- c(time, dt*tstep + ndt)
tstep <- tstep + 1
}
return (data.frame(time=rep(time, 2), dv=c(x1, x2), accumulator=c(rep(1, length(x1)), rep(2, length(x2)))))
}
And visualize it:
gen_drift1 = 1.7
gen_drift2 = 2
gen_threshold = 1
gen_ndt = .23
sim_path <- rdm_path(gen_drift1, gen_drift2, gen_threshold, gen_ndt)
ggplot(data = sim_path, aes(x = time, y = dv, color=factor(accumulator)))+
geom_line(size = .5) +
geom_hline(yintercept=gen_threshold, size=1.5)
To have a look at the whole distribution, though, we want to simulate more trials:
random_rdm <- function(n_trials, drift1, drift2, threshold, ndt, sp1=0, sp2=0, noise_constant=1, dt=0.001, max_rt=10) {
choice <- rep(NA, n_trials)
rt <- rep(NA, n_trials)
max_tsteps <- max_rt/dt
# initialize the diffusion process
tstep <- 0
x1 <- rep(sp1*threshold, n_trials) # vector of accumulated evidence at t=tstep
x2 <- rep(sp2*threshold, n_trials) # vector of accumulated evidence at t=tstep
ongoing <- rep(TRUE, n_trials) # have the accumulators reached the bound?
# start accumulating
while (sum(ongoing) > 0 & tstep < max_tsteps) {
x1[ongoing] <- x1[ongoing] + rnorm(mean=drift1*dt, sd=noise_constant*sqrt(dt), n=sum(ongoing))
x2[ongoing] <- x2[ongoing] + rnorm(mean=drift2*dt, sd=noise_constant*sqrt(dt), n=sum(ongoing))
tstep <- tstep + 1
# ended trials
ended1 <- (x1 >= threshold)
ended2 <- (x2 >= threshold)
# store results and filter out ended trials
if(sum(ended1) > 0) {
choice[ended1 & ongoing] <- 1
rt[ended1 & ongoing] <- dt*tstep + ndt
ongoing[ended1] <- FALSE
}
if(sum(ended2) > 0) {
choice[ended2 & ongoing] <- 2
rt[ended2 & ongoing] <- dt*tstep + ndt
ongoing[ended2] <- FALSE
}
}
return (data.frame(trial=seq(1, n_trials), choice=choice, rt=rt))
}
And have a look at the average performance and shape of the RT distributions:
sim_data <- random_rdm(n_trials=1000, drift1=.7, drift2=1.2, threshold=1.5, ndt=.23)
summary(sim_data)
## trial choice rt
## Min. : 1.0 Min. :1.000 Min. :0.3150
## 1st Qu.: 250.8 1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:0.7518
## Median : 500.5 Median :2.000 Median :1.0115
## Mean : 500.5 Mean :1.643 Mean :1.1430
## 3rd Qu.: 750.2 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:1.3980
## Max. :1000.0 Max. :2.000 Max. :4.7470
ggplot(data = sim_data, mapping = aes(x = rt, fill = factor(choice))) +
geom_histogram(binwidth=.05, alpha = .3, position="identity")
The same results can be obtained with the R code attached to the original paper, which can be downloaded and loaded in R:
sim_data <- rWaldRace(n=1000, v=c(.7, 1.2), B=1.5, A=0, t0=.23, gf = 0)
summary(sim_data)
## RT R
## Min. :0.3985 Min. :1.00
## 1st Qu.:0.7441 1st Qu.:1.00
## Median :0.9866 Median :2.00
## Mean :1.1444 Mean :1.64
## 3rd Qu.:1.3671 3rd Qu.:2.00
## Max. :4.8739 Max. :2.00
In the same file, we can also find the likelihood function.
log_likelihood_rdm <- function(par, data, ll_threshold=1e-10) {
# par order: drift1, drift2, threshold, ndt
density <- rep(NA, dim(data)[1])
data$RT <- (data$RT - par[4]) # shift the distribution by the NDT
# dWald: density for single accumulator
# pWald: cumulative density for single accumulator
density[data$R==1] <- dWald(data$RT[data$R==1], v=par[1], B=par[3], A=0)*(1 - pWald(data$RT[data$R==1], v=par[2], B=par[3], A=0))
density[data$R==2] <- dWald(data$RT[data$R==2], v=par[2], B=par[3], A=0)*(1 - pWald(data$RT[data$R==2], v=par[1], B=par[3], A=0))
density[density <= ll_threshold] = ll_threshold # put a threhsold on very low likelihoods for computability
return(sum(log(density)))
}
starting_values = c(1, 1, 1, .1) # set some starting values
print(log_likelihood_rdm(starting_values, data=sim_data))
## [1] -2033.958
fit1 <- nmkb(par = starting_values,
fn = function (x) log_likelihood_rdm(x, data=sim_data),
lower = c(0, 0, 0, 0),
upper = c(10, 10, 10, 5),
control = list(maximize = TRUE))
print(fit1$par) # print estimated parameters
## [1] 0.6788203 1.1721012 1.4287021 0.2572723
We can also recover the generating parameters of the simulated data with stan, to assess th model’s identifialbility.
First, we need to prepare our data for stan:
sim_data_for_stan = list(
N = dim(sim_data)[1],
choices = sim_data$R,
rt = sim_data$RT
)
And then we can fit the model:
fit1 <- stan(
file = "stan_models/RDM.stan", # Stan program
data = sim_data_for_stan, # named list of data
chains = 2, # number of Markov chains
warmup = 1000, # number of warmup iterations per chain
iter = 3000, # total number of iterations per chain
cores = 2 # number of cores (could use one per chain)
)
Compare the generating parameters with the recovered ones and check for convergence looking at the Rhat measures:
print(fit1, pars = c("transf_drift1", "transf_drift2", "transf_threshold", "transf_ndt"))
## Inference for Stan model: RDM.
## 2 chains, each with iter=3000; warmup=1000; thin=1;
## post-warmup draws per chain=2000, total post-warmup draws=4000.
##
## mean se_mean sd 2.5% 25% 50% 75% 97.5% n_eff Rhat
## transf_drift1 0.68 0 0.07 0.55 0.64 0.68 0.73 0.81 1133 1
## transf_drift2 1.17 0 0.06 1.05 1.13 1.17 1.22 1.29 1010 1
## transf_threshold 1.44 0 0.07 1.31 1.39 1.43 1.48 1.58 924 1
## transf_ndt 0.25 0 0.02 0.21 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.29 1040 1
##
## Samples were drawn using NUTS(diag_e) at Wed Sep 8 23:24:18 2021.
## For each parameter, n_eff is a crude measure of effective sample size,
## and Rhat is the potential scale reduction factor on split chains (at
## convergence, Rhat=1).
And (visually) assess the model’s convergence as well as some more sampling diagnostics:
traceplot(fit1, pars = c("transf_drift1", "transf_drift2", "transf_threshold", "transf_ndt"), inc_warmup = FALSE, nrow = 2)
sampler_params <- get_sampler_params(fit1, inc_warmup = TRUE)
summary(do.call(rbind, sampler_params), digits = 2)
## accept_stat__ stepsize__ treedepth__ n_leapfrog__ divergent__ energy__
## Min. :0.00 Min. : 0.0028 Min. :0.0 Min. : 1 Min. :0.0000 Min. :1255
## 1st Qu.:0.88 1st Qu.: 0.2186 1st Qu.:3.0 1st Qu.: 7 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:1257
## Median :0.96 Median : 0.2438 Median :3.0 Median : 15 Median :0.0000 Median :1258
## Mean :0.89 Mean : 0.2587 Mean :3.2 Mean : 14 Mean :0.0073 Mean :1260
## 3rd Qu.:0.99 3rd Qu.: 0.2438 3rd Qu.:4.0 3rd Qu.: 15 3rd Qu.:0.0000 3rd Qu.:1260
## Max. :1.00 Max. :14.3855 Max. :6.0 Max. :127 Max. :1.0000 Max. :2823
More plotting:
posterior <- as.matrix(fit1)
plot_title <- ggtitle("Posterior distributions",
"with medians and 95% intervals")
mcmc_areas(posterior,
pars = c("transf_drift1", "transf_drift2", "transf_threshold", "transf_ndt"),
prob = 0.95) + plot_title


--- layout: newsstory title: INTO THE BOTTOM FOUR -( match: Tamworth 3 Yeltz 2 ---
A crucial game - and after coming from behind to lead 2-1 we ended up with nothing.
With Steve Pie-arce back on loan for a month, we travelled slightly more hopefully than in recent weeks, but were deservedly 1-0 down at half-time. We then finally started to play a bit of football and unbelievably took the lead through two excellent John Ford goals - a shot from the edge of the box and an excellent header when left unmarked. Unfortunately we couldn't hold on; they equalised not long afterwards and then got a sickening winner from a free-kick in the 94th minute.
Desperately looking for something good to say, I suppose Pie-arce looked pretty sharp with very little service and new signing Costas Xiourouppa (pronunciation to be determined) made a promising debut. However the bad news is we've slipped back into the relegation zone and really are in dire straits (a pun may be added here if/when I cheer up a bit).
Next Saturday, it's now been confirmed we're back at "Fortress Grove" for the rearranged game at home to Ilkeston .
Halesowen Town: Quy; Corns (Xiourouppa 38), Hines, Owen (Ford 55), Lloyd, Collins, Cartwright, Piearce, Bowen (Sutton 72), Smith, Crisp
Referee: D. Adcock (Long Eaton) Attendance: 602
With both teams enduring a troubled season, this crunch meeting promised a repeat of the recent history of dramatic games and goals between the two sides at the Lamb. The game was given added spice with Halesowen enthused by the return of Yeltz-hero and goal-ace Steve Piearce from Hereford Utd and Tamworth's Caretaker Manager Caretaker Manager Tim Steele taking charge for his first game following the insensitively timed dismissal of Paul Hendrie so soon after his brutal street attack.
However, a forgettable first half of little creativity or tactical awareness revealed why both teams are surprise strugglers at the foot of the Dr Martens Premier this season and the game was only brought to life when Tamworth took the lead in the 22nd minute with right fullback Rob Warner lashing home a cross from David Foy from 15 yards.
Stuart Corns picked up an early injury and after signalling to the bench for several minutes was finally replaced by the splendidly named new capture Costas Xiourouppa from Bolton Wanderers who went on to reveal some neat first touches.  Despite a frail looking Tamworth defence, it was nearly halftime before the potentially potent strike force of Sam Bowen and Piearce combined with Piearce sending over a right-wing cross for Bowen to head into the side netting from an acute angle.
 The injured Jason Owen was replaced by Jon Ford who was only on the field for a few moments before scoring two goals within four minutes. In the 61st minute Ford collected the ball on the edge of the penalty area and his 20 yard shot beat Darren Acton to creep into the corner of the net. With renewed self belief Halesowen went ahead when Xiourouppa cleverly took two defenders out of the game before laying off the ball, allowing the resulting cross to be powerfully headed home by Ford.
However as the strong contingent of travelling fans found their voice and contemplated the prospect of opening up some daylight between themselves and Tamworth in the league table, Halesowen once again lacked the resilience to hold onto a vital lead and conceded another two late goals in this must-win game. In the 76th minute, the ball was lost cheaply on the right wing, and ex-Stourbridge forward Christie McKenzie whipped over a cross for Mark Hallam to equalise from close range. Kicking down the slope, the goal inspired Tamworth who pressed forward and were awarded a late freekick on the edge of the penalty area which Foy cracked home for the winner with 94 minutes showing on the stopwatch.
Ominously, with half the league programme now complete, Halesowen have only won four games and would seem to require ten more victories to ensure safety in what is arguably a more difficult second part of the season. Individually, Halesowen would seem to have enough talent and experience in the current squad for the task ahead but it's not happening for them as a team at present and it's time for everyone to pull together and understand their own role in the arduous but mouth-watering task ahead.


ABSTRACT
Lebid I.H., Tkachenko V.A., Lysak R.S., Khrutba A.S. Methods of Communication Management in Projects Visnyk National Transport University. Series «Technical sciences». Scientific and Technical Collection. - Kyiv: National Transport University, 2020. - Issue 1 (46).
The effectiveness of the process of solving contemporary social problems is greatly enhanced by the application of models and methods of project management. Projects that have many stakeholders and project team members from various industries have gained considerable popularity and are called distributed. Higher education institutions often introduce “flexible projects” into the educational process, which, when preparing specialists for different industries, contribute to the formation of their respective competences. The process of implementing such projects goes through mini-cycles and involves a complex and extensive communication system, especially with the external environment.
The purpose of the work is to choose the method of communication management in different types of projects. The features of communication management in flexible projects are defined in the article and the analysis of existing methods of communication on the example of environmental educational projects is carried out. The method of expert evaluation has identified effective methods of communication in flexible projects, namely educational, environmental and scientific, since the success of their implementation is the basis for the further formation of a stable internal environment of our country. For educational and scientific projects, the most effective are the written methods of communication, while the implementation of environmental projects, electronic communications are the most successful.
KEYWORDS: COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT, FLEXIBLE PROJECTS,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS, EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS, RESEARCH PROJECTS, COMMUNICATION PROCESS.
REFERENCES
. Bolshak, L.I. (2012). Ekologizatsiia osvity iak potreba suchasnoho suspilstva [Ecologyzation of education as a social need of modern society]. Candidate's thesis. Kyiv: Natsionalnyi pedahohichnyi universytet imeni M.P. Drohomanova [in Ukrainian].
Khrutba, A.S., Morozov, V.V., & Khrutba, Yu.S. (2019). Osoblyvosti vzaiemodii zatsikavlenykh storing u pryrodoohoronnykh proektakh [Features of interventions of stakeholders in nature-protect projects]. Upravlinnia rozvytkom skladnykh system - Management of Development of Complex Systems, 37, 32-39
AUTHOR
Lebid I.H., Candidate of Science (Engineering), Associate Professor, National Transport University, Associate Professor of Department of International Transportation and Customs Control, e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>tel. +380681238733, Ukraine 01010, Kyiv, Omelianovycha-Pavlenka Str., 1, of. 437, orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-4179
Tkachenko V.A., National Transport University, Associate Professor of Department of Transport Law and Logistics, e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>тел. +380502675775, Ukraine 01010, Kyiv, Omelianovycha- Pavlenka Str., 1, of. 439, orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-0772
Lysak R.S., National Transport University, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Ecology and Safety of Vital Functions, e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>tel. +380979756341, Ukraine 01010, Kyiv, Omelianovycha- Pavlenka Str., 1, of. 312, orcid.org/0000-0002-2776-5623
Khrutba A.S., Taras Shevchenko National University, Postgraduate Student, Department of Management Technologies, Faculty of Information Technologies, e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>tel. +380936000895, Ukraine, Kyiv, Bohdan Havrylyshyn Str., 24, orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-8437
REVIEWER
Shramenko N.Y., Doctor of Technical Science, Professor, Kharkiv Petro Vasilenko National Technical University of Agriculture, Professor of the Department of Transport Technologies and Logistics, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Prokudin H.S., Doctor of Technical Science, Professor, National Transport University, Head Department of International Transportation and Customs Control, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Article language: Ukrainian
Open Access: http://publications.ntu.edu.ua/visnyk/46/174.pdf
Print date: 15.04.2020
Online publication date: 27.10.2020


Ability Skin: This skin unlocks a unique Hero portrait for your in-game Avatar and also an additional ability while equipped.
Health lost due to "Scorching Ray" is reduced by 20%. Firehawk is also immune to Control Abilites for 2 seconds when he activates "Scorching Ray"
Ability only available while Radiant Wings Skin is equipped


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
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| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
| Packages that use java.util.concurrent | |
|---|---|
| java.util.concurrent | Utility classes commonly useful in concurrent programming. |
| java.util.concurrent.locks | Interfaces and classes providing a framework for locking and waiting for conditions that is distinct from built-in synchronization and monitors. |
| Classes in java.util.concurrent used by java.util.concurrent | |
|---|---|
| AbstractExecutorService
Provides default implementation of ExecutorService
execution methods. |
|
| BlockingQueue
A Queue that additionally supports operations
that wait for the queue to become non-empty when retrieving an element,
and wait for space to become available in the queue when storing an
element. |
|
| BrokenBarrierException
Exception thrown when a thread tries to wait upon a barrier that is in a broken state, or which enters the broken state while the thread is waiting. |
|
| Callable
A task that returns a result and may throw an exception. |
|
| CompletionService
A service that decouples the production of new asynchronous tasks from the consumption of the results of completed tasks. |
|
| ConcurrentMap
A Map providing additional atomic
putIfAbsent, remove, and replace methods. |
|
| Delayed
A mix-in style interface for marking objects that should be acted upon after a given delay. |
|
| ExecutionException
Exception thrown when attempting to retrieve the result of a task that aborted by throwing an exception. |
|
| Executor
An object that executes submitted Runnable tasks. |
|
| ExecutorService
An Executor that provides methods to manage termination and
methods that can produce a Future for tracking progress of
one or more asynchronous tasks. |
|
| Future
A Future represents the result of an asynchronous computation. |
|
| RejectedExecutionHandler
A handler for tasks that cannot be executed by a ThreadPoolExecutor . |
|
| ScheduledExecutorService
An ExecutorService that can schedule commands to run after a given
delay, or to execute periodically. |
|
| ScheduledFuture
A delayed result-bearing action that can be cancelled. |
|
| ThreadFactory
An object that creates new threads on demand. |
|
| ThreadPoolExecutor
An ExecutorService that executes each submitted task using
one of possibly several pooled threads, normally configured
using Executors factory methods. |
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| TimeoutException
Exception thrown when a blocking operation times out. |
|
| TimeUnit
A TimeUnit represents time durations at a given unit of granularity and provides utility methods to convert across units, and to perform timing and delay operations in these units. |
| Classes in java.util.concurrent used by java.util.concurrent.locks | |
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| TimeUnit
A TimeUnit represents time durations at a given unit of granularity and provides utility methods to convert across units, and to perform timing and delay operations in these units. |
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{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block title %}Home{% endblock %} {% block content %}
We are a product based startup company & we create software product in the field of Machine Learning.
When we started as a team we were all a students in the college, Datta Meghe college of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai. We did the product as our first project in the final year of BE. Now we are professionals & improvising the product so that our targeted audience will love it,
CEO & Founder
Mr. Aniket is the co-founder of the company
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>CTO & Co-Founder
Mr. Akhil is the co-founder who leads tech team.
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Sr. App Developer
Mrs. Pradnya is the Sr. UI Developer.
pradnya@gmail.com


--- layout: default title: "NDLS" ---
NUST Deep Learning society is a network of passionate individuals who want to share their knowledge and experience to create awareness about deep learning, an emerging field, among the masses of NUST. We aim to highlight recent research in this fascinating area and discuss possible future directions and collaborations.
Our motive is to promote open research culture and a provide a platform where academic literature is discussed and valued. The society is committed to integrating deep learning study resources and conducting deep learning seminars for members as well as the general audience.


Guest access allows teams in your organization to collaborate with people outside your organization by granting them access to existing teams and channels on one or more of your tenants.
A guest is someone who isn't an employee, student, or member of your organization; for example, partners, vendors, suppliers, or consultants. Anyone who isn't part of your organization can be added as a guest in Teams. This means that anyone with a business account (that is, an Azure AD account) or a consumer email account (with Outlook.com, Gmail.com, or others) can participate as a guest in Teams, with full access to teams and channel experiences. All guests in Teams are covered by the same compliance and auditing protection as the rest of Microsoft 365 and can be managed securely within Azure AD.
Guest access is a tenant-level setting in Teams that is turned off by default. When guest access is turned on, everyone in your organization can add guest users to a Microsoft 365 Group. The guests will have access to all Microsoft 365 Group features. Guest access is included with many Microsoft 365 subscriptions with no additional licensing requirement. Guest access is subject to Azure AD and Microsoft 365 service limits.
Guest access differs from external access:
External access is discussed in the unit Manage external access in this module.
You can manage Teams guest access features and capabilities through four different levels of authorization: Azure Active Directory (Azure AD), Microsoft Teams, Microsoft 365 Groups, and SharePoint Online and OneDrive for Business. All the authorization levels apply to your Microsoft 365 tenant.
Administrators can manage guest access by using the Microsoft Teams admin center, Azure AD, or the Microsoft 365 admin center.
The different authorization levels provided by these tools give you flexibility in how you set up guest access for your organization. For example, if you don’t want to allow guest users in Teams but want to allow it overall in your organization, just turn off guest access in Teams.
Administrators can also use Azure AD to determine whether external collaborators can be invited into your tenant as guests, and in what ways.
In Azure AD, the settings for invitations apply at the tenant level and control the guest experience at the directory, tenant, and application levels. Administrators can configure settings to limit guest user permissions and grant members and guests the ability to invite additional guests.
You can use the Teams admin center to add guests at the tenant level, set and manage guest user policies and permissions, and pull reports on guest user activity. Guest user content and activities are under the same compliance and auditing protection as the rest of Microsoft 365.
Team owners can invite new guests and add existing directory guest users to their teams. Team owners can also set channel-related capabilities for guests, including allowing guests to create, update, and delete channels.
Administrators can use the Microsoft 365 admin center to control guest access to Microsoft 365 Groups for their whole organization or for individual Microsoft 365 Groups. They can also control who can allow guests to be added to groups. Among other management tasks, administrators can use the Microsoft 365 admin center to manage, log, monitor, and remove guest users.


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