When learning CSS for the first time, there is an overwhelming amount of information to take in -- elements, parents and children, inheritance, cascading, specificity, and so on. Add to this that CSS is a visual language, so you have to hold two concepts in your mind -- the verbal commands you give the computer, and what they should look like on the screen.
CSS was very challenging for me, but one thing that I did understand was the Box Model. The Box Model shows the interaction between content, padding, border, and margins. It helped me to think of this as a piece of art that you might take to the store to get framed. First, let's look at our box model, and then we'll compare it to a painting.
Here you can see the distinctions between each attribute.
Content: The content is whatever you want to have inside your block, typically text or an image. This is your painting.
Padding: This is the space between your content and your border. Think of this as the mat board that surrounds your painting.
Border: As you've probably already figured out, the border in CSS is just like the frame for your painting. You can change the color, thickness, and even the style of the border (or have no visible border at all).
Margin: Here is where we need to stretch our imaginations a bit. The margin is an invisible line drawn around the framed painting. Anything between the outside edge of the margin and the outside edge of your border (frame) is transparent.
There are two important things to note here. The first is that when two margins touch, the smaller margin collapses into the larger margin. So if you have two paintings with mats and frames, the first with a margin of 20px and the second with margin of 50px, only the 50px margin remains. In other words...
The second is that all of these properties increase the size of your element. So if you have a 50px by 50px image with a padding of 5px all around, then the div is now 60px wide and 60px tall. Add a border of 1px, and now you have a div that is 62px by 62px.
Let's see an example in code.
Here we start with 2 divs.
Add padding to the coral div. (Notice how the overall size changes.)
Then add a border.
Note how adding the 5px margin-bottom attribute creates a white space between our first and second divs.
But when we add a larger 20px margin-top to our second div, it takes precedence over the 5px margin-bottom of the first div.
Those are the basics on padding, borders, and margins. If you're struggling to keep theses three terms straight, just think of your content as a matted and framed painting. I found that the best way to understand these concepts was to play around in the Chrome Dev Tools so that I could directly manipulate each object and see the results immediately. I also found this video helpful.


## Curved Progress Bar A tuner can be seen as a fancy **round** progress-bar or as a gauge. It can be also interactive, thus behaving like an input control. In the following example the `PacemTunerElement` is set as interactive: > drag the curved line to set new values.


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This file gives information about the samples provide in this directory. Just to note, none of these were created
by me unless otherwise stated.
- hello_world.troll: prints "Hello World!" to the console.
- fibbonacci.troll: prints the first 16 numbers of the fibbonacci sequence
- troll_art.troll: prints out pixel-art of a "troll face"". If it looks
strange to you, try viewing it from farther away.


X-AXIS
Deprivation - IMD Rank
Proportion of budget spent on agency staff
A & E Waiting Times
Financial performance
% Of Staff who would recommend hospital to friends and family
Y-AXIS
Deprivation - IMD Rank
Proportion of budget spent on agency staff
A & E Waiting Times
Financial performance
% Of Staff who would recommend hospital to friends and family
SIZE
Deprivation - IMD Rank
Proportion of budget spent on agency staff
A & E Waiting Times
% Of Staff who would recommend hospital to friends and family


I'm a software developer interested in computer graphics and computer vision. Right now, I'm a junior Computer Science major at UCLA (go Bruins!). If you want to take a look at my coding projects, check out my Github. And, if you want to connect then message me on LinkedIn.
Walt Disney Imagineering
The winter quarter of my sophomore year (Jan 2020-Apr 2020), I was a software development intern in Imagineering's Tech Studio. At Imagineering, I worked on a variety of projects including a CGI/CAD webtool (details under NDA).
Technologies used: .NET Core, Azure App Service, Snowflake, Python, REST APIs, 3D APIs
Dolby Laboratories
As part of my summer internship at Dolby's Enterprise Applications team, I completed a full-stack website using the .NET Core MVC framework in C# for external partner companies. The motivation for this is to provide an external service to the employees of Dolby partner companies.
BACKEND: As the developer for this project, I used Okta's REST API for user authentication and management. Using Visual Studio, I built this website and hosted it on a Windows server.
FRONTEND: For the frontend, I used the Bootstrap Library as well as Dolby's CSS library to create a interactive user interface. The frontend was programmed in HTML/CSS/Javascript, with C# embedded using Razor pages.
Examining Realistic Animation for Bird Flight Locomotion and Flocking Behavior
An exploration into realistic and intelligent boids
For a more detailed look at our work, check out our presentation or our paper.
Raytracer
This is a basic pathtracer for diffuse, glass, and metal materials with a positionable camera! Currently being developed in C++. Based on the guide from Peter Shirley.
3D4E
vp...


Popcorn is a medium level machine based on Linux, the initial approach is focused on a torrent web site that has a file upload vulnerability
. The privilege escalation is simple and is based on Linux PAM.
Recon
Starting with Nmap:
The scan result show us that the port 80 is open and accessing it results in a simple page displayed to us:
We need to enumerate the web server to find directories and files:
The file test
contains the PHP Info:
The /rename
directory contains an unfinished API to rename files but it doesn’t work.
And the /torrent
directory seems to be a web application to upload torrents and share them. Has a login/signup and a torrent management system.
Exploiting - Uploading a PHP webshell through image upload
In order to upload torrents we need to create an account, after that we can try to upload a simple PHP webshell but without success, we need to upload a torrent file first.
After the torrent file upload it’s possible to upload an image to the torrent:
We can try to upload a PHP webshell file but changing the Content-Type
from application/x-php
to image/jpeg
using the Burpsuite’s proxy:
After that we got a 200 response from the above request:
Now we can execute system commands on the machine as user www-data
:
Let’s set up the netcat on listening mode and the following Python payload stager tha will be send through cmd
param:
The reverse shell connection will be established, gaving us access to the server to capture the first flag:
Exploiting - Using a custom exploit
For knowledge purposes I made a custom exploit that exploits the file upload vulnerability and spawn an interactive reverse shell to us, it’s available on my GitHub :)
Post Exploitation - Exploiting the Linux PAM
On privilege escalation process we easily found an interesting directory located at /home/george/.cache/
that has a file called motd.legal-displayed
. Searching for any exploit for this service we found an exploit with the CVE 2010-0832
.
Linux PAM 1.1.0 (Ubuntu 9.10/10.04) - MOTD File Tampering Privilege Escalation (2)
This bash script basically exploits the Linux PAM permissions
of MOTD, adding a SSH key to change the root user’s password to toor
.
Downloading the exploit, sending it to the Popcorn machine through the Python module called SimpleHTTPServer, spawning a better shell using pty and executing will result in a privilege escalation to root!
Now we finish the machine capturing the last flag!


| 054:003 Khan | : |
They belied (the Verses of Allah, this Qur'an), and followed their own lusts. And every matter will be settled [according to the kind of deeds (for the doer of good deeds, his deeds will take him to Paradise, and similarly evil deeds will take their doers to Hell)]. |
| 054:003 Maulana | : |
And they deny and follow their low desires; and every affair is settled. |
| 054:003 Pickthal | : |
They denied (the Truth) and followed their own lusts. Yet everything will come to a decision |
| 054:003 Rashad | : |
They disbelieved, followed their opinions, and adhered to their old traditions. |
| 054:003 Sarwar | : |
They have rejected it and have followed their own desires, but all matters will be settled (by God). |
| 054:003 Shakir | : |
And they call (it) a lie, and follow their low desires; and every affair has its appointed term. |
| 054:003 Sherali | : |
They have rejected the truth and follow their own fancies. But for everything there is an appointed time. |
| 054:003 Yusufali | : |
They reject (the warning) and follow their (own) lusts but every matter has its appointed time. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > إعراضهم عن آيات الله Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> Their Turning away from Allah's Signs أركان الإسلام > (محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم > مخاطبة الله إياه Pillars of Islam> The Blessed Muhammad(PBUH)> Allah's Address to Him(PBUH)
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


AHEM mailboxes are created ad-hoc when an e-mail reaches its address or when you generate a random one. Please use one of the links below to continue.


Protect The Earth! If Earth's Population Reaches 0 It's Game Over! Earn Powerups for Protecting Earth to Aid in your Endeavors.
Default Attack - Left Click on Individual Rockets
Gravity Mine - Right Click
Nuke - Spacebar
Toggle Inventory - i


3Dfunctiongrapher module¶
-
3Dfunctiongrapher.
funcprocess
(function)[source]¶ Checks the raw function string for malicious code
Parameters: function – Raw function input from tkinter.Text() box
-
3Dfunctiongrapher.
github_open
()[source]¶ Opens new tab in browser and directs user to GitHub repository
-
3Dfunctiongrapher.
grapher
(func, graphtype, xmin, xmax, xscale, ymin, ymax, yscale, zmin, zmax, zscale)[source]¶ Uses the processed variables to graph the function
Parameters: - func – Processed function string
- graphtype – Graphtype value from tkinter.Radiobutton()
- xmin – X-axis minimum
- xmax – X-axis maximum
- xscale – X-axis step
- ymin – Y-axis minimum
- ymax – Y-axis maximum
- yscale – Y-axis step
- zmin – Z-axis minimum
- zmax – Z-axis maximum
- zscale – Z-axis step
-
3Dfunctiongrapher.
main
()[source]¶ Uses window_process(), funcprocess(), and grapher() to take the inputs and use the grapher to graph the inputted function in the specified window


A simple performance test for calling a web worker from inside a hot loop.
Normal for 1000:
Normal for 10000:
Normal for 100000:
Worker for 1000:
Worker for 10000:
Worker for 100000:


These quick guides will help you get started. For more detailed instructions check out the documentation.
Quick Reference
Components
These quick guides will help you get started. For more detailed instructions check out the documentation.
Buttons (_buttons.scss)
Social icons are achived by prefixing icon text with:<span class="icon-[socialNework]">
Menus (_menus.scss)
Forms (_forms.scss)
All HTML5 form elements are normalized to a set of core styles.
full reference


Research Interests
I'm interested in machine learning security, machine learning privacy, and adverserial machine learning.
My current projects mainly focus on:
- Membership inference attack
- Model inversion attack
- Backdoor attack on neural network
- Privacy-preserving defense
|
Publications
|
Practical Blind Membership Inference Attack via Differential Comparisons
Bo Hui*, Yuchen Yang*, Haolin Yuan*, Philippe Burlina, Neil Gong, Yinzhi Cao *:equally contributed
in the Proceedings of Network & Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS), 2021
- Different from typical MI attacks utilizing shadow models to simulate the target model
- Probes the target model and extracts membership semantics via differential comparison.
|
WebAlly - A case study of Web-task friend sourcing in solving CAPTCHA
Zhuohao Zhang, Zhilin Zhang, Haolin Yuan, Nata M Barbosa, Sauvik Das, Yang Wang
ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW), 2021, Submitted
- We designed and tested a proof-of-concept system called WebAlly
- We used Google reCAPTCHA as the task in studies with PVI adults and their friends or families.
|
Teachning/Researching Experience
Teaching Asssitant | Brandeis University
Course: Precalculus Mathematics
Course Assistant | Johns Hopkins University
Course: Web Security
Research Assistant | Johns Hopkins University
Date: Mar 2020 - present
|
|


Monitoring v1¶
Note
This service is only available for Rackspace users.
Setup¶
The first step is to pass in your credentials and set up a client. For Rackspace users, you will need your username and API key:
use OpenCloud\Rackspace;
$client = new Rackspace(Rackspace::US_IDENTITY_ENDPOINT, array(
'username' => '{username}',
'apiKey' => '{apiKey}',
));
Monitoring service¶
Now to instantiate the Monitoring service:
$service = $client->monitoringService('{catalogName}', '{region}', '{urlType}');
- {catalogName} is the name of the service as it appears in the service catalog. OpenStack users must set this value. For Rackspace users, a default will be provided if you pass in null.
- {region} is the region the service will operate in. For Rackspace users, you can select one of the following from the supported regions page.
- {urlType} is the type of URL to use, depending on which endpoints your catalog provides. If omitted, it will default to the public network.
Operations¶
Glossary¶
- agent
- A monitoring daemon that resides on the server being monitored. The agent gathers metrics based on agent checks and pushes them to Cloud Monitoring. The agent provides insight into your servers with checks for information such as load average and network usage. The agent acts as a single small service that runs scheduled checks and pushes metrics to the rest of Cloud Monitoring so the metrics can be analyzed, trigger alerts, and be archived. These metrics are gathered via checks using agent check types, and can be used with the other Cloud Monitoring primitives such as alarms.
- agent token
- An authentication token used to identify the agent when it communicates with Cloud Monitoring.
- alarm
- An alarm contains a set of rules that determine when the monitoring system sends a notification. You can create multiple alarms for the different checks types associated with an entity. For example, if your entity is a web server that hosts your company’s website, you can create one alarm to monitor the server itself, and another alarm to monitor the website.
- check
- Checks explicitly specify how you want to monitor an entity. Once you’ve created an entity, you can configure one or more checks for it. A check is the foundational building block of the monitoring system, and is always associated with an entity. The check specifies the parts or pieces of the entity that you want to monitor, the monitoring frequency, how many monitoring zones are launching the check, and so on. It contains the specific details of how you are monitoring the entity.
- entity
- The object or resource that you want to monitor. It can be any object or device that you want to monitor. It’s commonly a web server, but it might also be a website, a web page or a web service.
- monitoring zone
- A monitoring zone is the “launch point” of a check. When you create a check, you specify which monitoring zone(s) you want to launch the check from. This concept of a monitoring zone is similar to that of a datacenter, however in the monitoring system, you can think of it more as a geographical region.
- notification
- A notification is an informational message sent to one or more addresses by the monitoring system when an alarm is triggered. You can set up notifications to alert a single individual or an entire team. Rackspace Cloud Monitoring currently supports webhooks and email for sending notifications.
- notification plan
- A notification plan contains a set of notification rules to execute when an alarm is triggered. A notification plan can contain multiple notifications for each of the following states:


[React] Reducer return undefined during initialization
When I was working on the redux reducer in
glossarySlice file, I came across an error like this and my reducer file is like
following.
Error: Reducer "glossary" returned undefined during initialization. If
the state passed to the reducer is undefined, you must explicitly
return the initial state. The initial state may not be undefined. If
you don't want to set a value for this reducer, you can use null
instead of undefined.
const glossarySlice = (state = initState, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case "ADDWORD":
return [...state, action.payload];
case "UPDATEWORD": {
const word = action.payload.word;
let newArray = state.slice();
const index = newArray.findIndex(item => item.word === word);
newArray[index] = action.payload;
return newArray;
}
case "REMOVEWORD": {
const word = action.payload.word;
let newArray = state.slice();
const index = newArray.findIndex(item => item.word === word);
newArray.splice(index, 1);
return newArray;
}
};
After searching online, I found out that I have to add default case in
the switch. Because for the first time, reducer doesn't have any value
in which situation it can't match any of the cases. So it needs to fail
in one case to initiate which is the default case. So the correct one
should be:
const glossarySlice = (state = initState, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case "ADDWORD":
return [...state, action.payload];
case "UPDATEWORD": {
const word = action.payload.word;
let newArray = state.slice();
const index = newArray.findIndex(item => item.word === word);
newArray[index] = action.payload;
return newArray;
}
case "REMOVEWORD": {
const word = action.payload.word;
let newArray = state.slice();
const index = newArray.findIndex(item => item.word === word);
newArray.splice(index, 1);
return newArray;
}
default:
return state;
};


|
ECS160Android
FortNitta Android platform team
|
Groups the tilesets together. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| void | dispose () |
| final void | Load (CGame game) |
| Loads the tilesets. More... | |
Groups the tilesets together.
| final void game.tilesets.CTilesets.Load | ( | CGame | game | ) |
Loads the tilesets.
| game |
| C2DShipsTileset game.tilesets.CTilesets.D2DShipsTileset = new C2DShipsTileset() |
Ship tileset for Ship mode.
| C2DSiegeTileset game.tilesets.CTilesets.D2DSiegeTileset = new C2DSiegeTileset() |
2D Siege tileset
| C3DShipsBurnTileset game.tilesets.CTilesets.D3DShipsBurnTileset = new C3DShipsBurnTileset() |
3D Ship tileset for burning ships
| C3DShipsExplosionTileset game.tilesets.CTilesets.D3DShipsExplosionTileset = new C3DShipsExplosionTileset() |
3D Ship tileset for sinking ships
| C3DShipsTileset game.tilesets.CTilesets.D3DShipsTileset = new C3DShipsTileset() |
3D Ship tileset for battle
| C3DSiegeTileset game.tilesets.CTilesets.D3DSiegeTileset = new C3DSiegeTileset() |
3D Siege tileset for battle


Stratus clouds are flat and generally featureless. They don't precipitate all the time; but then they do, they produce drizzle to light rain or snow. A sky full of stratus will completely obscure the sun; but if there are breaks, you can see cool stuff like this. (Those rays of sun peeking through the cloud deck are called ‘crepuscular rays’.)
Stratocumulus look kind of like stratus; but instead of being flat, the clouds have a more rounded shape. These too only produce light precipitation.
Nimbostratus look kind of like just-plain-stratus, but produce heavier precipitation. Another way to tell the difference is to look at the cloud base. If the clouds have a defined bottom, you're looking at stratus. If the sky is just a dreary grey schmutz like the photo here, you're looking at nimbostratus.


We've received a request to reset your password
If this was you, click the link below. Otherwise, ignore this email
{{ reset_url }}
Thanks!
P.S., this link will expire in 15 minutes!


You will be given a random number at the start of the game.
There are four crystals below. By clicking on a crystal you will add a specific amount of points to your total score.
You win the game by matching your total score to random numver, you lose the game if your total score goes above the random number
The Value of each crystal is hidden from you until you click on it.
Each time when the game starts, the game will change the values of each crystal.


Welcome To My Homepage
Welcome!
Authenticate
Bankster
App Instructions
Instructions on how to use this app.
Close panel
Welcome To My Bank app (page one)
Welcome!
Post a New bank Account to Firebase
Check your accounts in Firebase
Post your payments online
Check your accounts in Firebase
Logging options
About this app.
Close
Click on the button below to see how to use this app.
App user instructions.
Log in
Sign up
Log out
Anonymous Log In
Adding account(Page Two)
Back
Test Data-Store
Name for account(saving, basic etc.):
Name of bank:
Platform:
Android
iOS
Website
Country:
Scotland
England
Ireland
Wales
Germany
Add Account
Page Two Footer
Accounts table(Page Three)
Back
Get Table
Post a New Account to Firebase
Clear Details
Country
bank
Name
Platform
Bankster
Payment Page
Back
Update your payments!
Amount of transfer(in GBP):
Date of Payment(dd.mm.yy):
Account:
RBS
Bank of Scotland
Santander
NatWest
Barclays
Update your transfer to database
Bankster
Payments table(Page Three)
Back
Get Table
Post new payments to Firebase
Clear Details
Amount
date
Account
Bankster


Ten Question About you
Answer these questions to find out more about yourself
* Required
Would you rather live in Florida or New York City?
*
New York City
Florida
This is a required question
Would you rather watch the Bachelorette or the Bachelor?
*
The Bachelor
The Bachelorette
This is a required question
Summer or Winter?
*
Summer
Winter
This is a required question
Would you rather watch One Tree Hill or Gossip Girl?
*
Gossip Girl
One Tree Hill
This is a required question
Sour Patch Kids or Sour Patch Watermelons?
*
Watermelons
Kids
This is a required question
Do you like Safari of Google Chrome better?
*
Safari
Google Chrome
This is a required question
Do you prefer iPhone or Samsung?
*
iPhone
Samsung
This is a required question
Pizza of French Fries?
*
Pizza
French Fries
This is a required question
Would you rather be 21 or 16 for the rest of your life?
*
21
16
This is a required question
Would you prefer to watch Baseball or Basketball?
*
Baseball
Basketball
This is a required question


It comes as no surprise that $$R^2$$ (“coefficient of determination”) equals $$r^2$$ in simple regression (predictor X, criterion Y), where $$r(X,Y)$$ is Pearson’s correlation coefficient. $$R^2$$ equals the fraction of explained variance in a simple regression. However, the statistical (mathematical) background is often less clear or buried in less-intuitive formula.
The goal of this post is to offer a gentle explanantion why
$$R^2 = r^2$$,
where $$r$$ is $$r(Y,\hat{Y})$$ and $$\hat{Y}$$ are the predicted values.
Some more notation: $$Y_i$$ are the individual values of the criterion, and $$\bar{Y}$$ is the mean of the criterion.
As an example, suppose we wanted to predict the grades ($$Y$$) of some students based on their studying time ($$X$$). Of course, our prediction won’t be perfect most of the time, so there will be gaps (errors or residuals) between what we predict and what the actual grade in some particular $$Y_i$$ case will be. So
$$Y_i - \hat{Y_i} \ne 0$$, or, similarly $$(Y_i - \hat{Y_i})^2 > 0$$.
Let’s start with the idea that the variance is additive, see here or here for details. The additivity of variance implies that the whole variation in the students’ grades is the sum of the variance of our prediction errors and the improvement of our prediction/ regression model:
$$\sum_i{(Y_i - \hat{Y})}^2 = \sum_i{(Y_i - \hat{Y_i})}^2 + \sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})}^2$$.
In words:
Total = Error^2 + Improvement^2.
Or:
Total variance in simple regression equals error variance plus variance explained by model.
This expression can be rearranged to
1 = Error^2 / Total + Improvement^2 / Total.
As formula:
$$1 = \frac{\sum_i{(Y_i - \hat{Y_i})}^2}{\sum_i{(Y_i - \bar{Y})}^2} + \frac{\sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})}^2}{\sum_i{(Y_i - \bar{Y})}^2}$$.
Puh, quite some stuff. Now we apply a property of least square regression stating that there is no correlation between the residuals (e) and the predicted value (we don’t discuss that property here further). More formally:
$$r { (Y_i - \hat{Y_i}, \hat{Y}) } = 0$$.
A bit more readable:
$$r(e, \hat{Y}) = 0$$.
Now we write the (sample) correlation between actual (observed) and predicted (fitted) values as follows:
$$r(Y, \hat{Y}) = \frac{n^{-1} \sum_i({Y_i - \bar{Y}) \cdot (\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})}}{\sqrt{n^{-1} \sum_i{(Y_i - \bar{Y})^2} \cdot n^{-1} \sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})^2}}}$$
In other words,
$$r(Y, \hat{Y}) = \frac{Cov(Y, \hat{Y})} {\sqrt{Var(Y) \cdot Var(\hat{Y})}}$$
Note that $$n^{-1}$$ cancel out, leaving
$$r(Y, \hat{Y}) = \frac{\sum_i({Y_i - \bar{Y}) \cdot (\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})}}{\sqrt{ \sum_i{(Y_i - \bar{Y})^2} \cdot \sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})^2}}}$$
The variance can be seen as the average of the squared sums (SS) of some delta (d): $$Var(X) = n^{-1}\sum{d}$$. If we on our way “lose” the $$n^{-1}$$ part (as it happened in the line above), we are left with the sum of squares (SS), as they are called. Now, as we are concerned with the variance of the error, variance of the model improvement and the total variance, we can in the same way speak of the according SS-terms. We will come back to the SS-terms later on.
Now a little trick. We add the term $$-\hat{Y_i} + \hat{Y_i}$$, which is zero, so no harm caused. We get:
$$r(Y, \hat{Y}) = \frac{\sum_i({Y_i - \hat{Y_i}) + (\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})) \cdot (\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})}}{\sqrt{ \sum_i{(Y_i - \bar{Y})^2} \cdot \sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})^2}}}$$
Now stay close. Observe that we have three terms in the numerator, let’s call them $$a$$, $$b$$, and $$c$$. We can multiplicate that out resulting in $$(a+b)c = ac + bc$$. So:
$$ = \frac{\sum{(Y_i - \hat{Y_i})(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y}) + (\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})}}{D}$$
As the denominator did not change, we just abbreviated it in the obvious way. Note that the numerator now is of the form $$ac + cc$$ (as b = c). Thus we can further simplify to
$$ = \frac{\sum{{ (Y_i - \hat{Y_i})(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y}) + (\hat{Y_i} + \bar{Y})^2 }}}{D}$$
Referring back to our notion of the two parts of the total variance in regression we can think of the numerator above as $$\sum{(e \cdot m + m^2)}$$, where e indicates the error or residual term, and m the model improvement. However, as the correlation between m and e (which is zero, see above) is nothing but average product of m and e, their sum also is zero. Thus we are left with
$$ = \frac{\sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})^2}}{\sqrt{ \sum_i{(Y_i - \bar{Y})^2} \cdot \sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})^2}}}$$
Think of the numerator as a and then $$a = \sqrt{a^2}$$, thus
$$ = \sqrt{ \frac{\sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})^2 \cdot \sum_i(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})^2}}{ \sum_i{(Y_i - \bar{Y})^2} \cdot \sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})^2}}}$$
After canceling out the obvious we are left with
$$ = \sqrt{ \frac{\sum_i{(\hat{Y_i} - \bar{Y})^2}}{ \sum_i{(Y_i - \bar{Y})^2}}}$$
This term is nothing but
Model variance / Total variance.
And we are there! To summarise
$$r(Y, \hat{Y})^2 = \frac{SS_M}{SS_T} = R^2$$
OK, quite some ride. At least we arrived where we headed to. Some algebra kungfu turned out to be handy. It took me some time to decypher the algebra without any explanation. So I hope me comments make the voyage a bit shorter for you.
Without some expertise in algebra (multiplicating out, adding zero-terms, …) and some knowledge of regression properties we would not have arrived at the end. The good news are that each of the steps is not really difficult to understand (I am not saying it is easy to discover these steps).


Boiler Room rated R 120 minutes New Line Cinema starring Giovanni Ribisi, Vin Diesel, Nia Long, Nicky Katt, Scott Caan, Ron Rifkin, Jamie Kennedy, Taylor Nichols, Bill Nichols, Tom Everett Scott, Ben Affleck, David Younger written and directed by Ben Younger A Review by Akiva Gottlieb
At some point in their lives, many adults look back upon their twenty-or-so years of schooling and wonder where all the knowledge went; or better yet, what was the point of the knowledge? The characters in `Boiler Room' figured out early on that their upper-class prep school upbringing, and the limited amount of knowledge that came along with it, was all just preparation for fulfilling life's most important task: becoming a millionaire .
Seth (Giovanni Ribisi), the son of upper-class Jewish parents, knows that money is nothing without hard work. When we first meet him, he has dropped out of college and pays the rent by running a casino in his home. His overbearing father (Ron Rifkin), who happens to be a prominent judge, disapproves of his son's work.
At this point, fate brings Greg (Nicky Katt) into Seth's casino. He offers him a job as a stock broker at his small firm J.T. Martin, where Seth is guaranteed to make a million dollars in his first three years. Why pass it up, thinks Seth, if I can make money and please my father at the same time? So he decides to take the job and learn the ropes of telemarketing.
It only takes a few weeks for Seth to become one of the firm's high-rollers, along with a group of guys who can quote every line from Oliver Stone's `Wall Street'. But la dolce vita is spoiled when Seth finds out that the firm is selling stocks that don't exist. An intense battle with his supervisor doesn't help matters much.
First-time writer/director Ben Younger makes `Boiler Room' into a dark, direct study of day-traders. However, the film lacks much of the immediacy found in similar films such as `Glengarry Glen Ross' and `The Firm'. Younger's hip-hop style is anything but conventional, yet `Boiler Room's' storyline paints by the numbers.
What makes `Boiler Room' an involving picture are the brilliantly smug performances from the young ensemble cast. Along with Ribisi and Katt as the leads, this young group includes Ben Affleck, Nia Long, Tom Everett Scott, Jamie Kennedy and Vin Diesel. The energy needed to make this film successful is provided by each of the aforementioned actors.
`Boiler Room' is certainly an ambitious first project for Ben Younger, so it's disappointing to note that the film's elements never quite jell. The first portion of the film is often comical, while the final statement is largely depressing. Younger has built `Boiler Room' around one probable assumption. The world is one big stock market; some sell out, others buy in.
C+ Akiva Gottlieb<EMAIL_ADDRESS>http://pictureshow.8m.com
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COME BLOW YOUR HORN
May 8-11, 1980 at the Arabian Theatre
Director - John Sumrall
Assistant to the Director - Cathy Huff
Lighting/Sound - Ken Cantrell
THE CAST
Alan Baker - Don Johnson
Peggy Evans - Robin Logan
Buddy Baker - Steve Barrett
Mr. Baker - John Bisnette
Connie Dayton - Missy Fortner Bailey
Mrs. Baker - Betty Whitt


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Ask questions about the core tech here, but not questions about prices or personal questions or GUI and please don't DM JL777.
https://dexstats.info/richlistlookup.php?address=RLVzC4tr9cNKvuw2z4m8KuMfZURwCehx55
https://medium.com/@jameslee777
100 messages
Before 05-Dec-19 12:00 AM
PTYX29-Jun-18 11:53 AM
We also threw around STaK
Same tech as Komodo
smk762 - dracocanis ominator29-Jun-18 11:54 AM
spores have properties implying interconnected growth
gcharang29-Jun-18 11:55 AM
lets move to marketing guys
PTYX29-Jun-18 11:55 AM
The spore analogy works well for tokens in my eyes
smk762 - dracocanis ominator29-Jun-18 11:55 AM
I'll admit its not really apparent tho
PTYX29-Jun-18 11:55 AM
But we are talking about native blockchains
1
For example the Nem mosaic is perfect. It's a little tile you create on Nem. It's not a blockchain
In any case, I feel it needs to be decided because it's affecting the service providers when trying to create content to explain Komodo
jorian29-Jun-18 11:57 AM
in before Alright angryness: #komodo-team
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:07 PM
@jl777c where can I read up on the difficulty algo related to notaries? because I'd imagine malicious notaries may be able to abuse their mining priviliges?
btw, how does the community veto / kick notaries? can a vote be called?
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:08 PM
notaries get to mine at easy diff once per 65 blocks
with 64 notaries there is room for some underperforming notaries, the annual election will sort that out
a single notary couldnt really do much to abuse their mining, a 1.6% attack isnt very strong
certianly if all the notaries are compromised, then we have a problem
but a lot of notaries are known community members
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:11 PM
the ratio of notary mined blocks to standard is 3:1 but 64/65 blocks a notary will get a chance to mine one, how does that play out?
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:11 PM
the notaries add delayes to their mining where longer and logner random delays are added the loser the external mining percentage gets
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:12 PM
is there a document on this algorithm?
or something i could search for
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:12 PM
a dishonest notary could get 20% more blocks, but they would be found out
the code is the documentation in this case:
if ( gpucount < 33 )
{
uint8_t tmpbuffer[40]; uint32_t r; int32_t n=0; uint256 randvals;
memcpy(&tmpbuffer[n],&My_notaryid,sizeof(My_notaryid)), n += sizeof(My_notaryid);
memcpy(&tmpbuffer[n],&Mining_height,sizeof(Mining_height)), n += sizeof(Mining_height);
memcpy(&tmpbuffer[n],&pblock->hashPrevBlock,sizeof(pblock->hashPrevBlock)), n += sizeof(pblock->hashPrevBlock);
vcalc_sha256(0,(uint8_t )&randvals,tmpbuffer,n);
memcpy(&r,&randvals,sizeof(r));
pblock->nTime += (r % (33 - gpucount)(33 - gpucount));
}
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:14 PM
if honest notaries should be mining 1.17% of the blocks, you're saying a dishonest notary could mine 1.4% of the blocks but it would be obvious to the public
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:15 PM
yes
all the notary statistics are closely monitored by the notaries
doing such things would disqualify a notary
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:16 PM
okay and if someone, or a group of people, start abusing the network the community could hardfork? or is there a protocol level way to kick notaries
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:16 PM
if majority of notaries area compromised, a hardfork seems the only safe way to correct things
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:17 PM
if around 5 start performing selfish mining attacks and trying to gain more control?
how could they be dealt with?
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:17 PM
most notary operators are known community members
loss of reputation would be a big loses, and wouldnt it take closer to 20 notaries to do selfih mining, unless you mean the 1.4%
notary corruption is unlikely and in any case it is visbiel and correctable if the unlikely happens
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:18 PM
correctable through a hard fork though?
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:19 PM
yes,we have a sheduled annual hardfork
and we use it to activate new consusus changes at the same time
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:20 PM
okay, and if someone is caught buying votes they are disqualified through social consensus?
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:20 PM
sometimes there is an in-between hardfork
it seems it is impossible to detect buying of votes
and if KMD holder wants to give his voting decision to someone else, that in a way is his decision
there are all sorts of doomsday theories how all the notaries will be planted zombies and such nonsense. the reality is that the community makes a serious decision about who the 64 are, as the last elections showed
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:22 PM
okay, fair enough. how do asset chains pay for notarization? As I understand, that is currently a manual process?
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:23 PM
yes, notaries need to get the coin being notarized and the KMD to cover the notarizing txfees (but not the BTC txfees that are already paid)
an the notaries have to start running the coin, and the notarize it. there is no way to automate that, so it is necessarily a manual pricess
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:27 PM
I'm just wondering what the reason for requiring 13 notaries to reach consensus? Would it not be possible to let anyone notarize and it to just be a part of the normal mining process?
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:28 PM
where is the incentive for them to notarize?
without a decent number notarizing how to know it is very likely the mainchain?
without knowing who the noataries are how would we know who is notarizing? and if they are not known then there is no reputation loss, to prevent playing games
so, yes it is possible, but we have a public election process, etc. not sure what is gained from anonymous randome notarizers
it seem you are trying to make problems out of non-issues
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:35 PM
1) To secure their chain of PoW, with SCs you could attach a bounty to proving notarization.
2) Surely you can have individuals optionally run the Bitcoin blockchain. If someone tries to fake that Merkle tree, the nodes with the BTC chain can send a proof showing that the merkle was invalid and the others can ignore the previous notarization. (not sure how this works but might help: https://blog.kyber.network/chain-relays-or-a-practical-approach-for-cross-chain-trades-d0d7003f266b)
3) We build systems that don't need trust because they are more efficient and resilient.
if you make notarization anonymous using incentives, you can support many more chains and without any middleman handling the money
Blockchain technology has revolutionized the movement of value. Being able to transfer millions of dollars digitally with no intermediary and a transaction fee of just a few cents was unheard of…
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:38 PM
i thoguht btc relay was discontinued, the daily cost of ETH txfee was $10,000+ or something like that
nice theoretical solutions are nice, but until it is proven you can get regular BTC notarizations with miners upfronting the BTC and somehow coordinating with each other, it is unproven
trusting BTC relay to exist is not any better
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:42 PM
maybe not the BTC cost
but from other chains into KMD
that should be automated and can be
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:42 PM
such enhancements are not prohibited and likely will be done
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:43 PM
and why do the miners need to coordinate?
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:43 PM
the BTC fees are the big hurdle
you will trust a single anonymous notarizer? doesnt that open up a lot more minority attack vectors
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:44 PM
you dont trust anyone, you trust the BTC blockchains
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:44 PM
a losing fork can be notarized by a single miner? seems very weak
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:44 PM
*blockchain
look, the problem with BTC is its slow so yes its not perfect
but smaller coins into MKD
*KMD
you should be able to anonymize and automate the proccess
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:45 PM
any blockchain is always in flux, also we are believing that BTC tx when it goes into the mempool
the odds of it not getting eventually confirmed are very small
thiough it is of course better when there isnt a mempool backlog
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:46 PM
okay, forget BTC
we are trying to make Komodo the best it can be
so, it seems that automatic notarization on KMD is relatively straight forward and would be a big bonus to the network? it decreases a central reliance on notary nodes and makes the protocol more resilient
jl777c29-Jun-18 12:51 PM
not sure it is relatively straight forward, but I would definitely consider such a pull request as long as there are no issues found by the anonymous and lack of N nodes in agreement
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 12:56 PM
where do you see problems? the main pre-requisite is a scripting language / smart contracts so these chains can manage their notarizations
the contract has a function submitNotarization() which takes a block header / proof as an argument. It has a second function submitChallenge() which lets someone challenge a previous submission by submitting a block that shows an earlier inclusion of the notarization TX. If they do this, the previous notarization is removed and the new notarization is accepted
that's probably a naive SC implementation but you guys are the devs here so you tell me
@jl777c the current solution requires notaries to run every child chain, right?
jl777c29-Jun-18 01:04 PM
yes
xRobeSx29-Jun-18 01:04 PM
@ProficieNt I’m not sure this helps, but I saw you mentioning everyone should be able to notarize. Technically anyone can setup a tier 2 Notary Node network and notarize whatever coins they wanna run to KMD. So technically you could run your own private NN’s to notarize your private assetchain to KMD for example. As for notarizing to BTC, as James said it’s very expensive so that’s why the KMD team covers paying the btc fees for the elected (tier 1) NN’s.
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 01:05 PM
@jl777c this will pose great scalability issues, issues that trustless notarization will solve
@xRobeSx but that mechanism still requires you to trust someone. someone who probably isnt as trustworthy as the current notaries
im suggesting a mechanism by which you trust no one, in the sense that anyone can be a notary and prove if someone is disingenuous(edited)
add a few economic incentives and you've got a highly scalable protocol
xRobeSx29-Jun-18 01:07 PM
I’m just saying in the scenario I just mentioned, you wouldn’t have to trust the notarization to KMD as you could do it yourself with your own NN’s. As for the KMD -> BTC notarization of the previous, you’d be trusting just the elected NN’s
I’m not trying to persuade your thinking, just bringing up another angle, as I don’t think many people realize there can be sub NN tiers
jl777c29-Jun-18 01:09 PM
this is all in the realm of possible, the subNN is not enabled yet, it is needing a bit more work
xRobeSx29-Jun-18 01:11 PM
Oh thanks for the clarification James. I thought it was possible and @SHossain was using a subNN to notarize the scaling chains
jl777c29-Jun-18 01:12 PM
it is called a notarizing testnet
for testing, not mainchain use (yet)
but yes, the notarization group can be customized with an external JSON config file
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 01:23 PM
@xRobeSx are we building a blokchain or an SQL database? why should my network participants trust me to solely manage notarization?
xRobeSx29-Jun-18 01:25 PM
I'm not saying just you. You could setup 1 private NN and maybe release documentation for anyone using your coin to notarize it? Maybe you could make the first assetchain that has decentralized notarizations
ProficieNt29-Jun-18 01:29 PM
dont have a use for an asset chain personally haha
Komodo is supposed to provide utility to small PoW chains, not have small PoW chains build features for Komodo


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Working with Lists
Now that we've established what a list is, let's talk about operations we can perform on it. Imagine a list as a deck of playing cards. A deck is the list and each playing card represents an item.
Photo by Christian Gidlöf
What queries can we make from the list? This accesses existing properties.
- Number of cards in the deck? 52.
- Number of suits? 4.
- Material? Paper.
- Length? 3.5" or 89mm.
- Width? 2.5" or 64mm.
What actions can we perform on the list? This changes the list based on a given operation.
- We can shuffle the deck.
- We can sort the deck by value.
- We can sort the deck by suit.
- We can split the deck.
- We can partition the deck by dealing out individual hands.
- We can select a specific card in the deck.
All of the operations listed above have analogous Dynamo nodes for working with lists of generic data. The lessons below will demonstrate some of the fundamental operations we can perform on lists.
List Operations
The image below is the base graph we will be using to demonstrate basic list operations. We'll explore how to manage data within a list and demonstrate the visual results.
Exercise - List Operations
Download the example file that accompanies this exercise (Right click and "Save Link As..."): List-Operations.dyn. A full list of example files can be found in the Appendix.
- Begin with a code block with a value of
500;
- Plug into the x input of a Point.ByCoordinates node.
- Plug the node from the previous step into the origin input of a Plane.ByOriginNormal node.
- Using a Circle.ByPlaneRadius node, plug the node from the previous step into the plane input.
- Using code block, designate a value of
50;
for the radius. This is the first circle we'll create.- With a Geometry.Translate node, move the circle up 100 units in the Z direction.
- With a code block node, define a range of ten numbers between 0 and 1 with this line of code:
0..1..#10;
- Plug the code block from the previous step into the param input of two Curve.PointAtParameter nodes. Plug Circle.ByPlaneRadius into the curve input of the top node, and Geometry.Translate into the curve input of the node beneath it.
- Using a Line.ByStartPointEndPoint, connect the two Curve.PointAtParameter nodes.
- A Watch3D node shows the results of the Line.ByStartPointEndPoint. We are drawing lines between two circles to represent basic list operations and will use this base Dynamo graph to walk through the list actions below.
List.Count
The List.Count node is straightforward: it counts the number of values in a list and returns that number. This node gets more nuanced as we work with lists of lists, but we'll demonstrate that in the coming sections.
Exercise - List.Count
Download the example file that accompanies this exercise (Right click and "Save Link As..."): List-Count.dyn. A full list of example files can be found in the Appendix.
- The List.Count node returns the number of lines in the Line.ByStartPointEndPoint node. The value is 10 in this case, which agrees with the number of points created from the original code block node.
List.GetItemAtIndex
List.GetItemAtIndex is a fundamental way to query an item in the list. In the image above, we are using an index of "2" to query the point labeled "C".
Exercise - List.GetItemAtIndex
Download the example file that accompanies this exercise (Right click and "Save Link As..."): List-GetItemAtIndex.dyn. A full list of example files can be found in the Appendix.
- Using the List.GetItemAtIndex node, we are selecting index "0", or the first item in the list of lines.
- The Watch3D node reveals that we've selected one line. Note: to get the image above, be sure to disable the preview of Line.ByStartPointEndPoint.
List.Reverse
List.Reverse reverses the order of all of the items in a list.
Exercise - List.Reverse
Download the example file that accompanies this exercise (Right click and "Save Link As..."): List-Reverse.dyn. A full list of example files can be found in the Appendix.
- To properly visualize the reversed list of lines, create more lines by changing the code block to
0..1..#100;
- Insert a List.Reverse node in between Curve.PointAtParameter and Line.ByStartPointEndPoint for one of the list of points.
- The Watch3D nodes show two different results. The first one shows the result without a reversed list. The lines connect vertically to neighboring points. The reversed list, however, will connect all of the points to the opposing order in the other list.
List.ShiftIndices
List.ShiftIndices is a good tool for creating twists or helical patterns, or any other similar data manipulation. This node shifts the items in a list a given number of indices.
Exercise - List.ShiftIndices
Download the example file that accompanies this exercise (Right click and "Save Link As..."): List-ShiftIndices.dyn. A full list of example files can be found in the Appendix.
- In the same process as the reverse list, insert a List.ShiftIndices into the Curve.PointAtParameter and Line.ByStartPointEndPoint.
- Using a code block, designated a value of "1" to shift the list one index.
- Notice that the change is subtle, but all of the lines in the lower Watch3D node have shifted one index when connecting to the other set of points.
- By changing to code block to a larger value, "30" for example, we notice a significant difference in the diagonal lines. The shift is working like a camera's iris in this case, creating a twist in the original cylindrical form.
List.FilterByBooleanMask
List.FilterByBooleanMask will remove certain items based on a list of booleans, or values reading "true" or "false".
Exercise - List.FilterByBooleanMask
Download the example file that accompanies this exercise (Right click and "Save Link As..."): List-FilterByBooleanMask.dyn. A full list of example files can be found in the Appendix.
In order to create a list of values reading "true" or "false", we need to a little more work...
- Using a code block, define an expression with the syntax:
0..List.Count(list);
. Connect the Curve.PointAtParameter node to the list input. We'll walk through this setup more in the code block chapter, but the line of code in this case is giving us a list representing each index of the Curve.PointAtParameter node.- Using a "%" (modulus) node, connect the output of the code block into the x input, and a value of 4 into the y input. This will give us the remainder when dividing the list of indices by 4. Modulus is a really helpful node for pattern creation. All values will read as the possible remainders of 4: 0, 1, 2, 3.
- From the modulus node, we know that a value of 0 means that the index is divisible by 4 (0,4,8,etc...). By using a "==" node, we can test for the divisibility by testing it against a value of "0".
- The Watch node reveals just this: we have a true/false pattern which reads: true,false,false,false....
- Using this true/false pattern, connect to the mask input of two List.FilterByBooleanMask nodes.
- Connect the Curve.PointAtParameter node into each list input for the List.FilterByBooleanMask.
- The output of Filter.ByBooleanMask reads "in" and "out". "In" represents values which had a mask value of "true" while "out" represents values which had a value of "false". By plugging the "in" outputs into the startPoint and endPoint inputs of a Line.ByStartPointEndPoint node, we've created a filtered list of lines.
- The Watch3D node reveals that we have fewer lines than points. We've selected only 25% of the nodes by filtering only the true values!


Solutions
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XSS 101
by Richie Yang*Switch to vulnerable version of this website
1. Reflected XSS Test Section
Showing your name:
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2. Stored-based XSS Test Section
Showing all comments:
{% for comment in comments%}
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3. DOM-based XSS Test Section
Welcome to XSS 101


EVERYONE SAYS I LOVE YOU A film review by Michael Dequina Copyright 1996 Michael Dequina
(R) *** (out of ****)
Like some stars, some movies can coast by on their charm alone, and Woody Allen's new musical comedy Everyone Says I Love You is one such film--a trifle, yes, but a cute and enjoyable one at that. The thin plot centers on the various romances within a wealthy family in New York, as narrated by one DJ (spunky newcomer Natasha Lyonne), a Columbia University student who falls in love with a new guy just about every month. The two most prominent storylines focus on DJ's father (Woody Allen), an--big surprise--unlucky in love nebbish who woos an unhappily married younger woman (Julia Roberts, thankfully back in light comedy mode) with information secretly obtained from her psychotherapy sessions (by DJ, of course); and DJ's half-sister Skylar (Drew Barrymore), who is betrothed to the nice Holden (Edward Norton) yet later falls for a rugged, not-so-rehabilitated ex-con (Tim Roth, who all but steals the show)--with hilarious results. There are other minor subplots floating around, such as DJ's two other half-sisters (Natalie Portman and Gaby Hoffmann) battling over the same boy, but these plotlines aren't fleshed out as satisfactorily or as memorably as the main two plots. The film is, at its heart, an affectionate tribute to old Hollywood musicals, and this is reflected in the songs, all of which are old pop and showtunes for the '30s and '40s. While the songs add to the old fashioned atmosphere, the fact that they weren't written expressly for the film means that they don't always advance the story; a lot of times it stops it dead in its tracks, especially the elaborate, over-the-top production numbers, which simultaneously celebrate and skewer the genre's surreal conventions. As for the singing, most of the cast--from Norton and Alan Alda (as DJ's stepfather) to Sleepers's Billy Crudup (as one of DJ's paramours) and a startlingly better-than-most Roth--does an adequate job, with a few exceptions. Surprisingly, there is only one truly horrific singer: Roberts, who brings new meaning to the term tone-deaf. Allen himself is by no means OK, but he sort of talk-sings his song, which makes his warbling less offensive. The major standout is the vocally talented Goldie Hawn, who plays DJ's mother and Allen's ex-wife; her dancing and singing showcase at the close is by far the film's highlight. She's the only one who seems like a true musical star. Oddly and disappointingly enough, one star actually cheated when it came to singing--Barrymore, whose vocals are dubbed in by a ghost singer. I can't imagine her actual singing voice being any worse than Roberts's... The movie musical is, sadly for this musical fan, pretty much dead, and I don't see this film (or, for that matter, the forthcoming Evita) miraculously reviving the genre. But genre revival isn't the aim of the film. Everyone Says I Love You simply sets out to be a fun little charmer, and it more than accomplishes that modest goal.
Michael Dequina<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Visit Mr. Brown's Movie Site at http://members.tripod.com/~MrBrown/ Personal Page: http://members.tripod.com/~MrBrown/home.html
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In 2020, the average closing price of Gold on the US Stock market was $1,773.73. Compared to June of 1971, when Gold was averaging $248.53, that's an increase of 613%! But... why?
Throughout the project, all reference to Gold prices are based on 24k / per oz.
Does the price of Gold see an impact from Inflation Rate fluxuation? The change in the US Dollar index? Is there impact from the exchange rate of other currencies? In this project, our group set out to understand what (if any) correlation these factors had with each other.
The major factors we chose to use when analyzing correlation of historical (and future) Gold prices were Inflation Rates, and the US Dollar Index. For background, those can be defined as:
US Dollar Index
Historical Inflation Rates
HOWEVER, like all great projects, we had our stumbling blocks before we found our Golden idea.
Our first idea was one of glamorous proportions. We initially wanted to develop a Machine Learning algorythm to accurately predict future winners of Ru Paul's Drag Race through the first few episode's Runway Challenge winners, overall winners, and overall losers. Unfortunately, there isn't enough consistent data between seasons to accurately analyze and create a clean data set. Unfortunately, we had to sashay away from that idea.
Stumbling upon an image library with thousands of screenshots of each Simpsons character, we set out with the idea to use Machine Learning to create an algorythm which would accurately identify a character by a single image. Unfortunately, our AWS bucket did not have the appropriate power to handle the images, and our Machine Learning dreams were a bit lofty. We moved on to our final, more sparkly idea.


In 2012 I moved to Portland, OR from upstate NY to live with my partner, Stephanie Adams-Santos, and our Guatemalan rescue dog. Before moving to the west coast, I was a graphic designer for a small town publishing company, mostly designing logos and ads for local businesses. Currently, I am an artisan bread baker at New Seasons Market as well as a student at Epicodus, working my way back into the tech scene. On my free time, I enjoy baking vegan pastries and bagels from scratch and exploring the beautiful Pacific Northwest.


To qualify for provincial health care benefits a person must be a resident of
B.C. As you intend to leave B.C. when your studies are completed, you are not
eligible for Medical Services Plan coverage. Please contact the health care plan
in your home province for information about medical coverage while studying in B.C.


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It's ugly for the test code to be in the engine, but maven doesn't easily let test code to depend on test code in another module.


Before Change
indices = range(4)
for i in range(4):
map = np.abs(maps[i]) > np.abs(maps[i]).max() * 0.95
for j in indices:
ref_map = components[j].ravel() != 0
if np.all(map.ravel() == ref_map):
indices.remove(j)
After Change
// FIXME: This could be done more efficiently, e.g. thanks to hungarian
// Find pairs of matching components
// compute the cross-correlation matrix between components
K = np.corrcoef(components, maps.reshape(4, 400))[4:, :4]
// K should be a permutation matrix, hence its coefficients
// should all be close to 0 1 or -1
K_abs = np.abs(K)
assert_true(np.sum(K_abs > .9) == 4)


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We at YBC made sure that we always provide the best support, decreasing the response time while increasing the number of happy customers.
At YBC, we made sure that the customers would not face any end-moment revisions whether it be the price or the delivery time.
The reason for our popularity was our best in class products offered at the lowest price possible, thus abetting customers to make the purchases.
Swimwear for Kids
We offer a great collection of swimwear for kids, wherein we had products specially designed for the young ones.
Couple Beachwear
The hottest selling products, the couple collection was designed specifically for couples who wanted to pair up there beachwears.
Coverups
As Coverups gets more in trend, our team decided to put that on sale and boom goes the dynamite, the trend sold quickly.
Eyewear
We offered a number of eyewear to complete your beach castle, so when you think of beachwear next time, you think of Your Beach Castle.


Module: Model¶
Overview¶
This module provides a very simple Flux implementation with a lightweight publish / subscribe pattern. Flux is a design pattern for application data models created by Facebook.
The basic idea of Flux is that in an application the data model should not be accessed directly. In Flux the data model defines the current state of the application. Only well-defined access methods (“actions”) change the application state. Subscribers get notifications of state changes and can react on the new state.
See this page for a better understanding of Flux: https://facebook.github.io/flux/
There are two APIs available in this Module which are complementary to each other - State and Model.
Introduction to State-API¶
“State” stores the application state in an immutable manner. It contains data structures which replace both traditional javascript collections: objects are replaced with a “Map” data structure and arrays are replaced with a “List” data structure.
Since application state should not be subject to side effects, these collections are immutable. Every time the collection is altered a new instance is created and the old instance is left unchanged. E.g. the Map data structure has a method to add new items which returns a new instance of Map which contains the added item:
var map = new State({});
var map2 = map.put("id", 1);
console.log(map.toJSON()); // map => {}, i.e. it stays the same after put().
console.log(map2.toJSON()); // map2 => { "id": 1 }
Lists follow the same idea:
var list = new State([]);
var list2 = list.add(1);
console.log(list.toJSON()); // list => []
console.log(list2.toJSON()); // list2 => [ 1 ];
Immutable data structures can be shared between different Model instances without having one model interfere with the other. If an action in one model changes a shared state the new state is “forked” off from the other models.
Introduction to Model-API¶
The “Model” data structure implements a publish/subscribe pattern for instances of State
. Model
stores and manages
one specific instance of State
and defines a set of well known actions (= functions) which alter this state.
To prevent side effects there is no other way to alter the state than through this set of actions.
As an example we implement the general idea of a form within a web page that disables the submit button when the form has been submitted. For simplification, we retrieve the form and the submit button through the jQuery selector API and do not care about the HTML and CSS details.
var form = $('form');
var submitButton = $('input [type="submit"]');
Define actions to change the state¶
Model
exposes a constructor which receives an object with one callback for each action. The callbacks are named
after the corresponding action and must return the new state which is desired as the outcome of the action.
If we wanted to define a model which represents a financial transaction and an action which marks the transaction as “paid”
we would define a callback pay
within an object and pass that object to the Model
constructor.
var actions = {
pay: function() { return new State({ paid: true }); }
};
var model = new Model(actions);
model.pay();
The constructor returns a new Model
instance which exposes the actions through corresponding methods.
In the “form example” from above we define a Model
with an action initalState
.
In initialState
the form is defined as “not submitted yet” by returning a new State
instance.
The action is called to initialize the model.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | var model = new Model({
initialState: function() {
return new State({ submitted: false});
},
submitted: function(isSubmitted) {
return { submitted: isSubmitted };
}
});
model.initialState();
|
An additional action submitted
is defined in lines 6-8. This action changes the submit state to true
or false
depending on an input parameter. The return value is a plain Javascript object which converts to a new State
instance
automatically for convenience.
Subscribe to state changes¶
Subscribers can subscribe to state changes and get notifications about the new state whenever an action has been called.
var model = new Model({
// ...
});
model.initialState();
var subscriber = function(state) {
var disabled = state.get('submitted');
$('input [type=submit]').prop('disabled', disabled);
};
model(subscriber);
Whenever the state of the model changes, the subscriber is called with the current state (which is an instance of State
).
In this example the submit button is disabled or enabled if the form has been submitted. To connect the model to the form
we need to add an event handler that calls the submitted
action.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | var model = new Model({
initialState: function() {
return new State({ submitted: false});
},
submitted: function(isSubmitted) {
return { submitted: isSubmitted };
}
});
model.initialState();
var subscriber = function(state) {
var disabled = state.get('submitted');
$('input [type=submit]').prop('disabled', disabled);
};
model(subscriber);
form.on('submit', function() {
model.submitted(true);
});
|
Unsubscribe later¶
Subscribing to a model returns an unsubscribe function to be used later for unsubscribing. In our form example we use that function to prevent the submit button to be activated again once the form has been submitted.
// ...
var unsubscribe;
var subscriber = function(state) {
var disabled = state.get('submitted');
$('input [type=submit]').prop('disabled', disabled);
unsubscribe();
};
unsubscribe = model(subscriber);
form.on('submit', function() {
model.submitted(true);
});
Use current state within the action callbacks¶
Within the action callbacks the this
context exposes the current state through a state()
method. The current
state can be used to preserve data which is not effected be the current action. If we had a form validation action which
stores a valid
attribute in the state, we would have to preserve this attribute in the submitted
action somehow.
That’s what the this.state()
method is for.
var model = new Model({
initialState: function() {
return new State({ submitted: false, valid: true });
},
validate: function() {
// ...
},
submitted: function(isSubmitted) {
var state = this.state();
// Before: { submitted: false, valid: true }
state = state.put('submitted', isSubmitted);
// After: { submitted: false/true, valid: true }
// The "valid" property is still there.
return state;
}
});
Actions are asynchronous and can be combined¶
Note that there is a difference between the action callbacks you provide to the constructor and the actions exposed through the instance created by the constructor.
var actionCallback = function() { ... };
var model = new Model({
action: actionCallback
});
model.action();
model.action !== actionCallback; // true
When the action is executed by calling the method from the Model
instance, a wrapper is called which creates the
this
context, executes the callback and stores its return value as the current state of the Model
instance.
The callback is called as an asynchronous task inside a Promise which resolves with the current state after the callback returned a value.
// ...
var promise = model.action();
promise.then(function(state) {
console.log("Current state is: " + state.toJSON());
});
You can chain actions by chaining their promises:
// ...
model.action1().then(function(state) {
return model.action2();
}).then(function(state) {
return model.action3();
}).then(function(state) {
// ...
});
The Promises present an alternative to the subscriber API and both APIs can be combined as well. Furthermore, there is a third way to combine actions.
In addition to this.state()
the this
context contains a second method this.model()
. It is the model
instance itself providing a way to call one action from another action.
var model = new Model({
action1: function() {
var model = this.model();
model.action2();
return new State({ ... });
},
action2: function() {
// ...
}
});
Special case: An undefined state¶
If an action does not return a value (i.e. undefined
), the current state is left unchanged. This is helpful
when chaining actions conditionally or when an input changes the state only under certain conditions.
var model = new Model({
action1: function(input) {
if ( input === 'OK' ) {
return new State({ valid: true });
}
return; // If input is not "OK", the state is the same.
},
action2: function(input) {
if ( input === 'OK' ) {
this.model().action1(input);
return;
}
return new State({ /*...*/ });
}
});
In action1
the state is only changed if the input is the string "OK"
. In action2
another action is only called if the input has a certain value. In that case the state is left
unchanged and altered within action1
. If the value is not "OK"
, the state is changed in place.
Special case: Throwing an exception in an action callback¶
If an exception occurs within an action callback, the action’s promise is rejected with that exception. No subscriber is notified and the state is left unchanged.
var model = new Model({
action: function() {
throw new Error('Error within action.');
}
});
model.action().catch(function(error) {
console.log(error); // 'Error: Error within action.'
});
Special case: Dead state¶
If an Error
instance is returned as the new state, the model goes into the “dead state”. If a model enters the “dead state”,
it cannot leave that state and will reject every action call with the Error
instance. Additionally all subscribers are
unsubscribed and are never notified again.
var model = new Model({
action: function() {
return {};
},
kill: function() {
return new Error('Model entered dead state at ' + new Date() + '.');
}
});
model.kill();
// Later...
model.action().catch(function(err) {
console.log(err); // 'Model entered dead state at 2017-03-05T22:30:33Z.'
});
Note that this is slightly different than throwing an exception within an action callback. If an exception is thrown (or just occurs), the model rejects the action but is not in the “dead state”. Further actions execute as if nothing happened, while once in “dead state” the model does not “react” to state changes any more. This subtle difference has been introduced to prevent the model from being sent into dead state by accident. Returning an error is an intentional decision by the developer while exceptions can be thrown for various reason including accidental error conditions.
Dependencies¶
This module has no dependencies except a Promise/A+ implementation which is provided by Node.js and most modern browsers.
API¶
State¶
constructor: new State()¶
new State( { /* ... */ }; // => Map()
new State( [ /* ... * / }; // => List()
if ( state instanceof State)
new State( state ); // => state
new State( literal ); // => undefined
new State(); // => undefined
The State()
constructor creates a new instance of State
depending on the input parameter. If the parameter is
an object, a Map
instance is returned. If the parameter is an array, a List
instance is created. If the paramter
is a List
or a Map
, the input is returned as is. In any other case the constructor returns undefined
.
The constructor creates state instances recursively for each object property and each array element.
state.$Map / state.$List¶
state.$Map === true; // if the instance is a Map.
state.$List === true; // if the instance is a List.
Since all state instances share a common constructor regardless of the state type, the type cannot be determined using
instanceof
. The $Map
and the $List
properties can be used instead to retrieve the type of the state instance.
state.type()¶
var type = state.type(); // 'LIST' or 'MAP'
Returns either ‘LIST’ or ‘MAP’ depending on the type of the state instance.
state.toJS()¶
var array = list.toJS(); // an array which represents the List instance.
var object = map.toJS(); // an object which represents the Map instance.
Converts the current instance to a plain javascript object or array from either a List or a Map respectively. The conversion is recursive, resulting in a full Javascript copy of the current state. Note that this is only a copy of the state, which stays immutable.
state.toJSON(indent)¶
var json = state.toJSON(); // a JSON string representing the current state.
state.toJSON(' '); // 1 space for indentation
Returns a JSON string representing the current instance. This method is mostly for debugging purposes. The indent
parameter is copied to JSON.stringify(obj, undefined, indent)
.
List: state.get(index)¶
var el = list.get(3); // Returns the fourth element in the list.
Returns the list element at the specified numerical index index
. Indices start at 0.
If the list element is a state instance itself, this instance is returned. Just like with plain arrays, accessing
an index greater than the list size returns undefined
.
List: state.size()¶
var size = list.size(); // Returns the number of elements in the list.
Returns the size of the list which is the containing number of elements as a Number.
List: state.add(element)¶
var newList = list.add(1); // Creates a new list with an additional element "1".
Creates a new list from this instance with the element added at its end. The current instance is unchanged. If element
is an array or an object, it is converted to a state instance and this instance is added to the new list.
List: state.remove(index)¶
var newList = list.remove(3); // Creates a new list with the fourth element removed.
Creates a new list from this instance with the element at index
removed. The current instance is unchanged.
List: state.insert(element, index)¶
var newList = list.insert("INSERT_ME", 3); // Creates a new list with "INSERT_ME" at the fourth position.
Creates a new list from this instance with element
inserted at index
and moving all following
elements by one position towards the end. The current instance is unchanged. If element
is an array or an object, it is converted to a state instance and this instance is inserted into the new list. If index is
negativ element
is inserted at the first list position.
List: state.push(element)¶
var newList = list.push("END"); // Creates a new list with an additional element "END" at the end.
Creates a new list from this instance with element
added to the list. The current instance is unchanged. If element
is an array or an object, it is converted to a state instance and this instance is inserted into the new list.
List: state.pop()¶
var newList = list.pop(); // Creates a new list with the last element removed.
Creates a new list from this instance with the last element removed. The current instance is unchanged.
List: state.shift()¶
var newList = list.shift(); // Creates a new list with the first element removed.
Creates a new list from this instance with the first element removed. The current instance is unchanged.
List: state.unshift(element)¶
var newList = list.unshift('START'); // Creates a new list 'START' added at the beginning.
Creates a new list from this instance with the element
added at the beginning. The current instance is unchanged.
If element
is an array or an object, it is converted to a state instance and this instance is added to the new list.
Map: state.get(key)¶
var value = map.get('a'); // Gets the value of element 'a' from the map.
Retrieves value of element key
from the map. If the map does not have an element key
, undefined
is returned.
Map: state.keys()¶
var size = map.keys(); // Gets the keys of the map.
Returns keys of all elements in the map as an array.
Map: state.has(key)¶
map.has('a'); // True if the map has an element "a".
Returns true
if the map has an element key
, false
otherwise.
Map: state.put(key, value)¶
var newMap = map.put('a', 'OK'); // Returns a new map with element 'a' set to 'OK'.
Returns a new map with an element key
set to value
. The current instance of the map is unchanged.
If value
is an array or an object, it is converted to a State
instance recursively and that instance
is added instead.
Map: state.remove(key)¶
var newMap = map.remove('a'); // Returns a new map with element 'a' removed.
Returns a new map with element key
removed. The current instance of the map is unchanged.
Map: state.merge(object)¶
var newMap = map.merge( { 'b': 2 } ); // Returns a new map the object merged into the current map.
Returns a new map with object
merged into the current state. If object
contains any properties
already present in the current state, the present properties are replaced with the properties from
object
. All other properties are identical (i.e. the same instances) in the new and the old state.
object
is converted recursively to state instances before merging. Note that this is a “shallow” merge simply
replacing all properties at the “upper” level of the object removing any ramification under the present properties.
Model¶
constructor: new Model()¶
var actions = {
action1: function() { /* ... */ },
action2: function() { /* ... */ }
/* ... */
};
var model = new Model(actions);
model.action1();
var promise = model.action2();
promise.then(function(state) {
/* ... */
});
var subscriber = function(state) { /* ... */ };
var unsubscribe = model(subscriber);
unsubscribe();
Creates a new instance of Model
. The constructor takes a Javascript object as its single argument which consists of
name / value pairs of action callbacks. The action callbacks are wrapped in methods of the instance returned by the
constructor. Their method names correspond to the names of the name / value pairs from the Javascript object.
Whenever such a method is called the callback is executed and its return value is stored as the new state
of the model. The methods return a promise which resolves with the new state.
The Model
instance can be used as a function to subscribe to state changes by passing a subscriber function. On state
changes the subscriber function is called with the new state as its first argument. The state is passed as an instance
of State
and is immutable.
Calling the Model
instance as a function (i.e. subscribing) returns an unsubscribe function which can be used to
unsubscribe from the model later.
Inside the action callback¶
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | var actions = {
action1: function(id) {
var state = this.state();
return state.put('id', id);
};
action2: function() {
this.model().action1(2001);
}
};
var model = new Model(actions);
model.action2();
|
The action callbacks - action1
and action2
in the example above - are called whenever an action is called
on the model (line 15). They are expected to return a State
instance but for simplicity literals, objects and arrays
are accepted as valid return values and converted conveniently to State
instances. The return value is stored as the new state
of the model.
For partial state changes the former state is provided through the method this.state()
within the callback function
context. The former state can be used to built a new state from and to be returned by the callback.
Other actions can trigger from within the action through the this.model()
method which exposes the current model
instance.
If an action callback returns undefined
(or returns nothing), the current state is left unchanged and no subscriber’s
are notified.
If the return value is an instance of Error
, the model is sent into the “dead state”. In “dead state” any further
calls of actions are rejected with the Error
instance and all subscribers are unsubscribed immediately. They
do not receive a notification about a state change. Note that this is different from throwing an exception
within the callback.
When an exception is thrown during the action callback execution, the action’s promise is rejected and the state is unchanged. Hence, no subscriber is notified about any state changes.
Subscribers are only notified about valid state changes ensuring that the state is in a expectable format. The difference
between returning an Error
instance through return new Error()
and throwing an exception throw new Error()
prevents the model from entering the “dead state” by accident. Returning an error is a thoughtful act by the developer
while exception may happen by various reasons like mistakes or unexpected input values.
Model.state(arg)¶
var state = Model.state( { a: 1 } );
Creates a new State
instance from anything. If an object or an array is passed, it is converted recursively to an
instance of State
- a map or a list. If a State
instance is passed, it is returned as is. If a literal is passed,
the literal is returned as is while everything else resolves to undefined
(including undefined
itself).
Model.subscribe(model, subscriber)¶
var model = new Model( /* ... */ );
var subscriber = function(state) { /* ... */ };
var unsubscribe = Model.subscribe(model, subscriber);
unsubscribe();
Syntactic sugar for calling the Model
instance as a function. It expects a function as its second argument
and adds it as a subscriber to state changes of the model from the first argument. It returns an unsubscribe
function to call later for unsubscribing.


By {{ author }} and featured on SitePoint.com
{{#if devBuild}}Development{{else}}Production{{/if}} build, version {{ version }}, {{ template }} template


Although we can now automatically install and update libraries/packages, we are still manually including each one from the node_modules folder in our HTML Code.
Essentially, we are creating a global variable, that all scripts after its declaration have access to.
Even if we use node.js to load our libraries for us, once the website is running in the browser, we no longer have access to the file system
We can see this by checking out the errors in the console


|
数字式立体视觉刺激系统
1.0.1
Digital Stereo System
|
so arrays are bound. 更多...
#include <nvapi.h>
Public 属性 | |
| NvU32 | version |
| Version of this structure. 更多... | |
| NvU32 | topoBriefsCount |
| Number of topologies in below array. 更多... | |
| NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF | topoBriefs [NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_MAX] |
| List of supported topologies with only brief details. 更多... | |
| NvU32 | displaySettingsCount |
| Number of display settings in below array. 更多... | |
| NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING | displaySettings [NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTINGS_MAX] |
| List of per display settings possible. 更多... | |
so arrays are bound.
This structure is used to contain a list of supported Mosaic topologies along with the display settings that can be used.
| NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO::displaySettings[NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTINGS_MAX] |
List of per display settings possible.
| NvU32 NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO::displaySettingsCount |
Number of display settings in below array.
| NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO::topoBriefs[NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_MAX] |
List of supported topologies with only brief details.
| NvU32 NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO::topoBriefsCount |
Number of topologies in below array.
| NvU32 NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO::version |
Version of this structure.


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rcc Verifier
Constraint Verifier
rcc executes correctness checks, using the properties of the
routing logic as a model for correctness. Here is a list of
tests currently performed by the verifier.
The constraint verifier performs three steps:
- Expands configuration languages (e.g., Cisco's peer-group
etc.)
- Converts the configuration into an intermediate format, in the form
of relational database tables.
- Checks constraints by executing a sequence of queries on the
database tables.
Each constraint is written as a simple SQL query. (Please see the
development section in the manual for details.)
The flexibility of how constraints are specified permits router-specific
configuration checks, as well as AS-wide configuration checks.
We have included some examples that are included with the initial
release and fully intend to develop more as people demand more features.
Additionally, we have made the specification language simple enough that
operators can write their own checks and incorporate them into the tool
very easily.
Tests
Currently, the verifier performs the following tests.
Send us suggestions for other constraints
you need checked!
Example Output
- Example output from the verifier.
(Note: the example output is from an older version of the tool,
so the output from newer versions may look slightly different.)