- Type Parameters:
R
-
L
-
- All Superinterfaces:
- IBBDBeanBroker<R,L>, java.io.Serializable
- All Known Implementing Classes:
- BBDDefaultBroker
public interface IBBDBroker<R extends IBBDRow<IBBDField>,L extends BBDRowArrayList<R>>
extends IBBDBeanBroker<R,L>
Brokers provide methods for basic Create, Update, Delete (CRUD) functions.
Extended classes operate on groups of stored procedures, such as: testInsert
testUpdate testDelete
These stored procedures may be operating on one table or various tables
internal to the stored procedure. But the broker and the stored procedrues
represent a logical grouping in the applications business data model.


Hi, I'm Bella! Right now, I'm studying computer science at Carnegie Mellon University with intention to concentrate in Algorithms and Complexity and minor in Game Design. I love solving problems and taking on challenging new projects in CS.
My current focus is on program analysis. I began research in Spring 2021 to explore mutation-guided fuzz testing in CMU's PASTA Lab with Dr. Rohan Padhye, published some preliminary results in the SRC at ICSE '22 and am currently continuing that work. Also, for the summers in 2020 and 2021, I worked with the Reference Design, Security Controls, and Architecture (REDSCAR) team at Salesforce to develop automated security bug catching in the form of tools now used across Salesforce. This past summer, I worked on automated test generation and bug catching at Apple, where I will be going to work full-time after I graduate.
My personal projects and hobbies include animation, game design, reading, writing, and programming effects and transitions for my anime music videos (AMVs).
I can be reached at ilaybour@andrew.cmu.edu.


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{% set section = 'app' %} {% extends "admin/layout.html" %} {% block content %}
| App ID | Filename | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| {{ app.id }} | {{ app.filename }} | [ Manage App ] | [ Delete App ] |
Warning: Large apps and packages will take a long time to upload, hash, and process. Please be patient!
{% endblock %}


salmon cookies
They'll catch your taste buds hook, line, sinker.
Contact Us:<PHONE_NUMBER> Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Home
Estimated Hourly Cookie Sales by Location


Using Self-Signed Certificates in Mobile Clients
Throughout the development lifecycle of a mobile applications, a common requirement is often the need to integrate and connect with some backend services, often in a secure manner. However in order for the client device to connect over SSL/TLS, it will need to trust the root certificate authority. This cert must be installed on the client device to ensure that the client trusts server certificates that are signed by the CA.
When the certificate is using a trusted root CA this is not an issue and is done automatically. In a development environment, such as a local OpenShift cluster which uses self-signed certificates, this is not the case. However we have the ability to easily extract the root certificate from the cluster allowing us to install it on the device and mark it as trusted, allowing our application and/or web browser to connect over a secure layer.
Extracting Root CA
The simplest method for extracting the required root certificate is to
query the API server for the OpenShift routers secret and parse the
result. The following command, which parses the response and saves it to
a file localcluster.crt
in the /tmp
directory should be run as
system:admin
user.
oc get secret router-certs --template='{{index .data "tls.crt"}}' -n default | \
base64 --decode | sed -e '1,/^-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----$/ d' > /tmp/localcluster.crt
Installing on Device
Once the certificate file has been created, follow the instructions below for the required device type. For both device types, a pin should be configured to ensure the certificate can be installed.
Various methods can be used to get the certificate to the device.
-
USB (Android only) - Attach the device to the machine hosting OpenShift via USB and drag the certificate to the devices file system
-
Email attachment - Simply email the certificate to an address accessible from the device and download the attachment.
-
Cloud service - Use a cloud storage service such as Dropbox or Google Drive which is accessible from the device, browse to the certificate and proceed to download it.
-
Local file server - Both device and OpenShift cluster will need to be on the same network for the following to work. On the machine which is running the OpenShift cluster, browse to the directory where the certificate exists and start a temporary web server:
#Python 2 python -m SimpleHTTPServer #Python 3 python3 -m http.server
Browse to the address of the OpenShift host at port 8000
and proceed
to download the certificate. Close the web server.


Summary
Deprecated since core 1.480.3. Use Team Concert Plugin instead. This plugin integrates IBM's Rational Team Concert (RTC) source control to Hudson.
Plugin Information |
|---|
No information for the plugin 'rtc' is available. It may have been removed from distribution. |
This plugin uses the RTC's command line interface, scm (or lscm), to issue commands to the RTC Server.
At the moment, this plugin supports:
- Loading a workspace (checkout in RTC's lingo).
- Polling a RTC Stream to automatically accept changes and start builds.
- Links from the Hudson change sets to Jazz Team Server Web Access. (Also known as a repository browser)
Configuration
Requirements
The plugin requires that the SCM command line tool from Rational Team Concert is installed and findable in the path of the server.
System configuration
There will be a new "Rational Team Concert" section where you can configure the executable name.
This is the command line tool that will be invoked. It's advised to use lscm (lscm.bat for Windows servers) instead of the default scm, because the former uses less system resources.
Job configuration
In your Job configuration, select RTC as your Source Code Management option and fill the required fields:
Username and password are not required if you previously issued the following command in your system:
scm login -r https://yourrepository/address -u username -c
It's recommended to have a username and workspace dedicated to Jenkins.
Changelog
Version 0.3 (Dec 12 2011)
* Passwords are now hidden (in job configuration screen and config.xml)
* Now works on master/slave environment
* Some internal changes to support a future plugin to integrate with RTC's build system
Version 0.2.2 (Nov 29 2011)
* Fixed timeout issue with large workspaces
* Initial support for chinese version of 'scm' (not fully tested yet)
Version 0.2.1 (Nov 16 2011)
* Fixed compatibility with older 'scm' versions
Version 0.2 (Nov 14 2011)
* Fixed compatibility with Unix systems
* Supporting 'scm' versions older than 2.1.0 (tested with 2.0.2)
Version 0.1 (Nov 10 2011)
* Initial version


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tommy williams
websitewommy.io
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>phone312 818 9011
locationroyal oak, mi
skills
DEVELOPMENT
html5 css3 javascript rails python php
templating - jade haml liquid yaml markdown
scss less postcss cssnext - bemit oocss
node es6 npm json - webpack react riot
DESIGN
mockups wireframes sitemaps gui
balsamiq axure sketch atomic
rapid prototyping - agile scrum
test creation, data collection, statistical analysis
DATABASE
nosql mysql mariadb postgresql
experience
2015 JUNE=>OCTOBER
Original Graphics Printing - branding: tshirts & signage
Full-Stack Developer - client-based custom websites
2015 JANUARY=>JUNE
Solution People - creative space management, digital marketing
Web Intern - managed/updated content & code for a 30+ sites
2010 & ONGOING
freelance web design & development, 13+ clients
identifying needs => designing & developing solutions
education
COLUMBIA COLLEGE
transferred to
DEPAUL UNIVERSITY
graduated: spring 2015
bachelor of arts: psychology
minor: interactive & social media


Badges and labels are used to indicate status. Colors, generally in combination with text, are used to easily highlight the state of an object.
- Black is used to indicate default or inactive status
- Green indicates positive status, used for active, published, approved
- Orange can be used for a warning status or to indicate that an action can be taken
- Red indicates error status
fd-badge--pill
modifier can be used to render a pill version of the badge.
fd-badge--filled
modifier can be used to render a filled version of the badge.


We often divide things into three parts when we conceptualize about them.
House: Foundation, storeys, roof.
Tree: Roots, trunk, branches.
Arbitrary stretch in space: Front, middle, back; or time: Begining, middle, end.
This conceptual pattern arises even when the three parts are not readily identifiable. For instance, for a window opening we get the upper rail, window panes, and stool. The first and last elements can be easily discarded, conceptually, because the window panes are what really defines a window, but they are there nevertheless, even if mostly hidden.
In UI design, there is the classic trichotomy of the interface *:
Simpler UIs have to use this pattern only once, at the top level: the app's shell, its main layout. But as the UI gets more complex, there arises a need to repeat this pattern, over and over. Think DAW interfaces that can get pretty complex.
Therefore it would be useful to define an implementation of this concept/pattern into web design, using current technologies, based on these principles:
It's nothing new. But it brings to the table a few advantages: utmost simplicity while retaining meaning in relation to the underlying concept; scalability; disregard of all else but the underlying concept, including prettiness - that is the concern of the frontend library you may chose for the task.
Any consumer may simply import trichotomy.css and use the container classes (.trichotomy, .vertical, .horizontal) and the .centerpiece class. The rest takes care of itself by the magic of flex. The implementation does not rely on any framework, it's pure HTML5/CSS3. This should make it play nice with all frontend frameworks (Bootstrap, Semantic UI, etc.), the use of which along with this is, in fact, encouraged.
Dynamic functionality, some of the actual sizing, obviously the final styling, are all the responsibility of the consumer.


Enable or disable '@' gutter icon where IntelliJ IDEA has inferred @Nullable/@NotNull/@Contract annotations for source code.


A basic HTML page. As long as this page runs through the Static Files Module in ASP.NET CORE you can make changes and live reload it after making a change in this file.
Go ahead and change me!
wwwroot/test.html
wwwroot/css/site.css
to live reload style changes


Everything you need to know about Facebook Pay
San Francisco: Marking its foray into the digital payments system, Facebook has launched a new payment system named Facebook Pay which lets users send money to friends, shop and donate on the social networking platform and Messenger. Currently available in the US, it will be expanded to Facebook-owned Instagram and WhatsApp later.
It is not yet clear if Facebook Pay will launch in India as Facebook’s plans in the country are focused around WhatsApp Pay as it has a massive WhatsApp user base in the country. However, it hasn’t been introduced so far due to regulatory issues. It is also not known if both Facebook Pay and WhatsApp Pay will be introduced in India.
According to the social networking giant, users do not need to download anything new — Facebook Pay works seamlessly on the apps they use. Mobile billing will also be a mode of payment on the platform, said the firm’s payment terms. “Getting started is quick and easy. Simply add your credit card, debit card, or PayPal, and you’re good to go,” the company said in its support page. Eligible users can set up Facebook Pay by setting it up for use across all Facebook apps individually. They can go to Settings > Facebook Pay, on the Facebook app or website, then add a payment method. (IANS)
Also Read: Facebook’s Digital Coin Libra Delusional
Also Watch: India’s First PM Jawaharlal Nehru’s 130th Birth Anniversary observed


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One of my favorite games to play to see character progression and developement.
One of the games that I don't believe has lost its touch ove the years.


Reid started writing the novel in 2015, while she was applying to graduate school, and finished it while pursuing her MFA at the University of Iowa. It was during this period that the deaths of Freddie Gray and Philando Castile took place, and Reid said she was "absolutely inspired by the everyday terror" but that, in the novel, she wanted to explore "instances of racial biases that don’t end in violence as a way of highlighting those moments that we don’t see on the news but still exist every day."Reid has also said that the novel was partly inspired by the years she spent in her 20s working as a babysitter.
Author: Kiley Reid
Hardcover: 320 pages
Page Numbers Source ISBN: 059308733X
ASIN: B07QLJ7VTN
Language: English
Product review
Story was interesting but felt it was very superficial overall. I found myself predicting what would happen next & it did. No challenge in reading this book. The original description did not fit this book at all. If you want an easy to read book with a predictable story line that you have to think about this is your book, but not mine. Disappointed
Name 1
I began the new year with a book that had me so riveted that I don’t know how anything is going to come close to matching its verve. This is Kiley Reid’s debut novel SUCH A FUN AGE. A thought-provoking tale of race, privilege, relationships, motherhood, and more. The book brings it to the new decade with wit, engaging characters, and mouth-gaping plot twists.
Name 2


Commonly, the first row of an HTML table is a header row that names the columns beneath it. By default, Spry uses the first row to set column names in the data set, and from these you can derive the data reference names that you use in the pages that display your data ({email}, {firstname}, and so on). In generic HTML structures, however, the first repeating element in the structure may or may not be an actual table column name, so you can set custom column names if you need to.
var ds1 = new Spry.Data.HTMLDataSet(null, "myContainer", {columnNames:['firstcolumnname','secondcolumnname']});
When you use the columnNames option, the number of custom column names in the array must equal the number of columns in the data set. After you’ve set custom column names, you can use them in Spry regions as your data references.


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| Ad |
Ad interface is a common interface implemented by all Facebook ad controls.
|
| AdListener |
AdListener interface is notified of events in ad control lifecycle.
|
| AudienceNetworkActivity.BackButtonInterceptor | |
| ImpressionListener | Deprecated
See
AbstractAdListener
ImpressionListener interface is notified of impression events in ad control lifecycle. |
| InstreamVideoAdListener |
InstreamVideoAdListener interface is notified of events
in
InstreamVideoAdView lifecycle. |
| InterstitialAdListener |
InterstitialAdListener interface is notified of events in
InterstitialAd lifecycle. |
| MediaViewListener |
MediaViewListener interface is notified of events in
MediaView lifecycle. |
| NativeAdScrollView.AdViewProvider | |
| NativeAdsManager.Listener | |
| RewardedVideoAdListener |
RewardedVideoAdListener interface is notified of events
in
RewardedVideoAd lifecycle. |
| S2SRewardedVideoAdListener |
S2SRewardedVideoAdListener interface is notified of events
in
RewardedVideoAd lifecycle using
severside validation |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AbstractAdListener | |
| AdChoicesView |
An expandable, clickable ad choices icon.
|
| AdError |
AdError contains the error information returned by Facebook.
|
| AdSettings |
AdSettings contains global settings for all ad controls.
|
| AdSize |
AdSize is the dimension of the ad control.
|
| AdView |
AdView displays advertisements by Facebook.
|
| AudienceNetworkActivity |
AudienceNetworkActivity is the Android activity for displaying and handling ads.
|
| InstreamVideoAdView |
InstreamVideoAd displays a Instream video advertisement by Facebook
To use the Instream video, do the following:
|
| InterstitialAd |
InterstitialAd displays an advertisement by Facebook in an interstitial.
|
| InterstitialAdActivity | Deprecated
as of 4.16 Audience Network SDK, replaced by
AudienceNetworkActivity . |
| MediaView |
Mediaview displays native ad media content.
|
| NativeAd |
NativeAd provides ad creative for apps to rendered in custom layout.
|
| NativeAd.Image |
Image creative.
|
| NativeAd.Rating |
Rating info.
|
| NativeAdScrollView |
NativeAdScrollView provides a horizontal scrolling experience hosting either NativeAdViews or
custom views.
|
| NativeAdsManager |
The NativeAdsManager provides a mechanism to fetch a set of NativeAds and then use them within
your application.
|
| NativeAdView |
NativeAdView provides a templated view for a NativeAd with flexible width and height determined
by NativeAdView.Type.
|
| NativeAdViewAttributes |
NativeAdViewAttributes controls layout and display elements of the NativeAdView.
|
| RewardData |
RewardData represents the data used to reward the user in
RewardedVideoAd |
| RewardedVideoAd |
RewardedVideoAd displays a rewarded video advertisement by Facebook
To use the rewarded video, do the following:
|
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| AdNetwork | |
| AudienceNetworkActivity.Type | |
| NativeAd.MediaCacheFlag |
Media Cache flag
|
| NativeAdView.Type |


Startup and Shutdown¶
Introduction¶
The first step in using the PhysX SDK in a program is the initialization of some global objects. These objects can be released when PhysX is no longer needed to free resources. This chapter describes how to do this.
Foundation and Physics¶
First, in some startup code, create a PxFoundation object:
static PxDefaultErrorCallback gDefaultErrorCallback;
static PxDefaultAllocator gDefaultAllocatorCallback;
mFoundation = PxCreateFoundation(PX_PHYSICS_VERSION, gDefaultAllocatorCallback,
gDefaultErrorCallback);
if(!mFoundation)
fatalError("PxCreateFoundation failed!");
Every PhysX module requires a PxFoundation instance to be available. The required parameters are a version ID, an allocator callback and an error callback. PX_PHYSICS_VERSION, is a macro predefined in our headers to enable PhysX to check for a version mismatch between the headers and the corresponding SDK DLLs.
Usually, the allocator callback and error callback are specific to the application, but PhysX provides default implementations that make it easy to get started. See Memory Management and Error Reporting for more details of these callbacks. (The actual sample code supports an advanced memory allocator that tracks allocations instead of the default, but we have omitted that detail here.)
Now create the top-level PxPhysics object:
bool recordMemoryAllocations = true;
mPvd = PxCreatePvd(*gFoundation);
PxPvdTransport* transport = PxDefaultPvdSocketTransportCreate(PVD_HOST, 5425, 10);
mPvd->connect(*transport,PxPvdInstrumentationFlag::eALL);
mPhysics = PxCreatePhysics(PX_PHYSICS_VERSION, *mFoundation,
PxTolerancesScale(), recordMemoryAllocations, mPvd);
if(!mPhysics)
fatalError("PxCreatePhysics failed!");
Again, the version ID has to be passed in. The PxTolerancesScale parameter makes it easier to author content at different scales and still have PhysX work as expected, but to get started simply pass a default object of this type. The recordMemoryAllocations parameter specifies whether to perform memory profiling. The optional PVD instance enables the debugging and profiling with the PhysX Visual Debugger.
Cooking¶
The PhysX cooking library provides utilities for creating, converting, and serializing bulk data. Depending on your application, you may wish to link to the cooking library in order to process such data at runtime. Alternatively you may be able to process all such data in advance and just load it into memory as required. Initialize the cooking library as follows:
mCooking = PxCreateCooking(PX_PHYSICS_VERSION, *mFoundation, PxCookingParams(scale));
if (!mCooking)
fatalError("PxCreateCooking failed!");
The PxCookingParams struct configures the cooking library to target different platforms, use non-default tolerances or produce optional outputs. It is important to use consistent PxTolerancesScale values everywhere in your application (see Using Different Units for more details).
The cooking library generates data through a streaming interface. In the samples, implementations of streams are provided in the PxToolkit library to read and write from files and memory buffers. Heightfield or Trianglemesh cooked meshes can be directly inserted into PxPhysics without serialization using the PxPhysicsInsertionCallback. The default callback must be used and can be obtained using the PxPhysics::getPhysicsInsertionCallback().
Extensions¶
The extensions library contains many functions that may be useful to a large class of users, but which some users may prefer to omit from their application either for code size reasons or to avoid use of certain subsystems, such as those pertaining to networking. Initializing the extensions library requires the PxPhysics object:
if (!PxInitExtensions(*mPhysics, mPvd))
fatalError("PxInitExtensions failed!");
Optional SDK Components¶
When linking PhysX as a static library on memory constrained platforms, it is possible to avoid linking the code of some PhysX features that are not always used in order to save memory. Currently the optional features are:
- Articulations
- Height Fields
If your application requires a subset of this functionality, it is recommended that you call PxCreateBasePhysics as opposed to PxCreatePhysics and then manually register the components you require. Below is an example that registers some of the options:
physx::PxPhysics* customCreatePhysics(physx::PxU32 version,
physx::PxFoundation& foundation,
const physx::PxTolerancesScale& scale,
bool trackOutstandingAllocations
physx::PxPvd* pvd)
{
physx::PxPhysics* physics = PxCreateBasePhysics(version, foundation, scale,
trackOutstandingAllocations, pvd);
if(!physics)
return NULL;
PxRegisterArticulations(*physics);
PxRegisterHeightFields(*physics);
return physics;
}
Note that this will only save memory when linking PhysX as a static library, as we rely on the linker to strip out the unused code.
Delay-Loading DLLs¶
The PhysXCommon DLL and PhysXFoundation DLL are marked as delay-loaded inside of the PhysX, PhysXCooking and PhysXCommon projects. So it is possible to have delay-loaded PhysXFoundation, PhysXCommon, PhysX and PhysXCooking DLLs.
PhysXCommon DLL and PhysXFoundation DLL load¶
- If delay load hook is specified the PhysXCommon name or PhysXFoundation name provided by user is used
- If delay load hook is not specified, the corresponding PhysXCommon DLL or PhysXFoundation DLL is used
PxDelayLoadHook¶
The PxDelayLoadHook class supports loading of the PhysXCommon, PhysXFoundation DLLs with different names and paths. This can be achieved by providing different DLL paths to the PhysX SDK through a custom subclass of PxDelayLoadHook, see the following example:
class SnippetDelayLoadHook: public PxDelayLoadHook
{
virtual const char* getPhysXCommonDllName() const
{ return "customPath\\PhysXCommon_x64_Renamed.dll"; }
virtual const char* getPhysXFoundationDllName() const
{ return "customPath\\PhysXFoundation_x64_Renamed.dll"; }
} gDelayLoadHook;
Now the hook must be set for PhysX, PhysXCooking, PhysXCommon:
PxSetPhysXDelayLoadHook(&gDelayLoadHook);
PxSetPhysXCookingDelayLoadHook(&gDelayLoadHook);
PxSetPhysXCommonDelayLoadHook(&gDelayLoadHook);
For more information please see the SnippetDelayLoadHook.
PxGpuLoadHook¶
The PxGpuLoadHook class supports loading of the PhysXGpu DLL with a different name or path. This can be achieved by providing a different DLL path to the PhysX SDK through a custom subclass of PxGpuLoadHook, see the following example:
class SnippetGpuLoadHook: public PxGpuLoadHook
{
virtual const char* getPhysXGpuDllName() const
{ return "customPath\\PhysXGpu_x64_Renamed.dll"; }
} gGpuLoadHook;
Now the hook must be set for PhysX:
PxSetPhysXGpuLoadHook(&gGpuLoadHook);
For more information please see the SnippetDelayLoadHook.
PhysXCommon Secure Load¶
All PhysX DLLs distributed by NVIDIA are signed. The PhysXCommon DLL signature is checked, when it is loaded by PhysX or PhysXCooking. If signature test fails the application is terminated.
Shutting Down¶
To dispose of any PhysX object, call its release() method. This will destroy the object, and all contained objects. The precise behavior depends on the object type being released, so refer to the reference guide for details. To shut down the extensions library, call the function PxCloseExtensions(). To shut down physics, call release() on the PxPhysics object, and this will clean up all of the physics objects:
mPhysics->release();
Do not forget to release the foundation object as well, but only after all other PhysX modules have been released:
mFoundation->release();


---
layout: post
title: Let's write an SNES emulator - Part 4
published: true
meta:
posterous_60e8ef2b7d9ddd23e14a941a8878b49c_post_id: "44732349"
posterous_60e8ef2b7d9ddd23e14a941a8878b49c_permalink: http://maxlynchmadison.posterous.com/lets-write-an-snes-emulator-part-4
tags: []
type: post
status: publish
---
I've been neglecting my SNES emulator project lately. I've been hard at work at http://perblue.com and on my side-project Widgetfame. However, I spent a little bit of time on it tonight. Basically, I'm digging into the 6502 instruction set (which is a subset of the 65816 instruction set and an easier place to start) and starting to write basic 6502 instructions. I've started on the basic execution loop and started some instruction decoding stuff. More to come in the next few weeks.


●●●●●
AT&T
5:30 AM
50%
Calendar
Photos
Camera
Clock
Weather
Maps
Contacts
Videos
Stocks
Wallet
App Store
Itunes
News
Reminders
Notes
Health
Settings
Kindle
Calculator
iBook
●
●
Phone
Safari
Mail
Music


Initial Landing Page, move your mouse wheel and change pages.
second page
info page
about us page
contact us page


1. Introduction
The web’s traditional position calculation mechanisms rely on explicit queries of DOM state that are known to cause (expensive) style recalculation and layout and, frequently, are a source of significant performance overhead due to continuous polling for this information.
A body of common practice has evolved that relies on these behaviors, however, including (but not limited to):
-
Building custom pre- and deferred-loading of DOM and data.
-
Implementing data-bound high-performance scrolling lists which load and render subsets of data sets. These lists are a central mobile interaction idiom.
-
Calculating element visibility. In particular, ad networks now require reporting of ad "visibility" for monetizing impressions. This has led to many sites abusing scroll handlers (causing jank on scroll), synchronous layout invoking readbacks (causing unneccessary critical work in rAF loops), and resorting to exotic plugin-based solutions for computing "true" element visibility (with all the associated overhead of the plugin architecture).
These use-cases have several common properties:
-
They can be represented as passive "queries" about the state of individual elements with respect to some other element (or the global viewport)
-
They do not impose hard latency requirements; that is to say, the information can be delivered asynchronously (e.g. from another thread) without penalty
-
They are poorly supported by nearly all combinations of existing web platform features, requiring extraordinary developer effort despite their widespread use.
A notable non-goal is pixel-accurate information about what was actually displayed (which can be quite difficult to obtain efficiently in certain browser architectures in the face of filters, webgl, and other features). In all of these scenarios the information is useful even when delivered at a slight delay and without perfect compositing-result data.
The Intersersection Observer API addresses the above issues by giving developers a new method to asynchronously query the position of an element with respect to other elements or the global viewport. The asynchronous delivery eliminates the need for costly DOM and style queries, continuous polling, and use of custom plugins. By removing the need for these methods it allows applications to significantly reduce their CPU, GPU and energy costs.
var observer = new IntersectionObserver(function(changes) { for (var i in changes) { console.log(changes[i].time); // Timestamp when the change occurred console.log(changes[i].rootBounds); // Unclipped area of root console.log(changes[i].intersectionRect); // Unclipped area of target intersected with rootBounds console.log(changes[i].boundingClientRect); // target.boundingClientRect() console.log(changes[i].target); // the Element target } }, {}); // Watch all threshold events on a specific descendant of the viewport observer.observe(childElement); observer.disconnect(); // removes all
2. Intersection Observer
The Intersection Observer API enables developers to understand the visibility and position of DOM elements relative to a root element or the top level document’s viewport.
2.1. The IntersectionObserverCallback
callback IntersectionObserverCallback = void (sequence<IntersectionObserverEntry> entries, IntersectionObserver observer)
This callback will be invoked when there are changes to target’s intersection with root, as per the processing model.
2.2. The IntersectionObserver interface
The IntersectionObserver
interface can be used
to observe changes in the intersection of a target Element
and a root Element
(or the top-level document’s viewport).
Note: In MutationObserver
,
the MutationObserverInit
options are passed to observe()
while in IntersectionObserver
they are passed to the constructor.
This is because for MutationObserver,
each Node
being observed could have a different set of attributes to filter.
For IntersectionObserver
,
having different root
, rootMargin
or threshold
values
for each target seems to introduce more complexity without solving additional use-cases.
Per-observe()
options could be provided in the future if V2 introduces a need for it.
[Constructor(IntersectionObserverCallback callback, optional IntersectionObserverInit options), Exposed=Window] interface IntersectionObserver { readonly attribute Element? root; readonly attribute DOMString rootMargin; readonly attribute sequence<double> thresholds; void observe(Element target); void unobserve(Element target); void disconnect(); sequence<IntersectionObserverEntry> takeRecords(); };
-
-
Let this be a new
IntersectionObserver
object -
Set this’s internal
[[callback]]
slot to callback. -
Attempt to parse a root margin from options.
rootMargin
. If a list is returned, set this’s internal[[rootMargin]]
slot to that. Otherwise, throw aSyntaxError
exception. -
Let thresholds be a list equal to options.
threshold
. -
If any value in thresholds is less than 0.0 or greater than 1.0, throw a
RangeError
exception. -
Sort thresholds in ascending order
-
If thresholds is empty, append
0
to thresholds. -
Set this.
thresholds
to thresholds. -
Append this to the unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts’s IntersectionObservers list.
-
Return this.
-
-
-
If target is in this’s internal
[[ObservationTargets]]
slot, return. -
If target is NOT a descendent of this.
root
, throw aTypeError
. -
Let intersectionObserverRegistration be an
IntersectionObserverRegistration
record with anobserver
property set to this and apreviousVisibleRatio
property set to0
. -
Append intersectionObserverRegistration to target’s internal
[[RegisteredIntersectionObservers]]
slot. -
Add target to this’s internal
[[ObservationTargets]]
slot.
-
-
-
Remove the element whose
observer
property is equal to this from target’s internal[[RegisteredIntersectionObservers]]
slot. -
Remove target from this’s internal
[[ObservationTargets]]
slot.
Note:
MutationObserver
does not implementunobserve()
. ForIntersectionObserver
,unobserve()
addresses the lazy-loading use case. After a target becomes visible, it does not need to be tracked. It would be more work to eitherdisconnect()
all targets andobserve()
the remaining ones, or create a separateIntersectionObserver
for each target. -
-
For each target in this’s internal
[[ObservationTargets]]
slot:-
Remove the element whose
observer
property is equal to this from target’s internal[[RegisteredIntersectionObservers]]
slot. -
Remove target from this’s internal
[[ObservationTargets]]
slot.
-
-
-
Let queue be a copy of this’s internal
[[QueuedEntries]]
slot. -
Clear this’s internal
[[QueuedEntries]]
slot. -
Return queue.
-
-
root, of type Element, readonly, nullable
-
The root to use for intersection.
-
rootMargin, of type DOMString, readonly
-
Represents offsets from the intersection root’s bounding box, growing the "box" that is used to calculate intersections.
On getting, return the result of serializing the elements of
[[rootMargin]]
space-separated, where pixel lengths serialize as the numeric value followed by "px", and percentages serialize as the numeric value followed by "%". See IntersectionObserverInit/rootMargin
. -
thresholds, of type sequence<double>, readonly
-
Represents a list of thresholds, where each threshold is a percentage of a target’s bounding box
List of thresholds at which to trigger callback.
The intersection root for an IntersectionObserver
is the value of its root
attribute,
if it’s an element,
or else the top-level document’s viewport.
The root intersection rectangle for an IntersectionObserver
is the rectangle we’ll use to check against the targets.
- If the intersection root is a scrollable element,
- it’s the element’s scroll viewport.
- If the intersection root is a document’s viewport,
- it’s that document’s layout scroll viewport.
- Otherwise,
- it’s the element’s axis-aligned bounding box of its fragments after layout.
In all cases, the rectangle is then further grown
according to the offsets in the IntersectionObserver
’s [[rootMargin]]
slot
in a manner similar to CSS’s margin property,
with the four values indicating
the amount the top, right, bottom, and left edges, respectively, are offset by,
with positive lengths indicating an outward offset.
Percentages are resolved relative to the width of the undilated rectangle,
unless the intersection root is a document’s viewport,
in which case they resolve to 0.
To parse a root margin from an input string marginString, returning either a list of 4 pixel lengths or percentages, or failure:
-
Parse a list of component values marginString, storing the result as tokens.
-
Remove all whitespace tokens from tokens.
-
If the length of tokens is 0 or greater than 4, return failure.
-
Replace each token in tokens:
-
If token is an absolute length dimension token, replace it with a an equivalent pixel length.
-
If token is a <percentage> token, replace it with an equivalent percentage.
-
Otherwise, return failure.
-
-
If there is one element in tokens, append three duplicates of that element to tokens. If there is two elements are tokens, append a duplicate of each element to tokens. If there are three elements in tokens, append a duplicate of the second element to tokens.
-
Return tokens.
2.3. The IntersectionObserverEntry interface
[Constructor(IntersectionObserverEntryInit intersectionObserverEntryInit)] interface IntersectionObserverEntry { readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp time; readonly attribute DOMRectReadOnly rootBounds; readonly attribute DOMRectReadOnly boundingClientRect; readonly attribute DOMRectReadOnly intersectionRect; readonly attribute Element target; }; dictionary IntersectionObserverEntryInit { required DOMHighResTimeStamp time; required DOMRectInit rootBounds; required DOMRectInit boundingClientRect; required DOMRectInit intersectionRect; required Element target; };
-
boundingClientRect, of type DOMRectReadOnly, readonly
-
A
DOMRectReadOnly
obtained by the same algorithm as that ofElement
'sgetBoundingClientRect()
performed on target. -
intersectionRect, of type DOMRectReadOnly, readonly
-
boundingClientRect
, intersected by each of target’s ancestors' clip rects (up to but not includingroot
), intersected withrootBounds
. This value represents the portion of target actually visible withinrootBounds
. -
rootBounds, of type DOMRectReadOnly, readonly
-
On getting, if
root
isnull
, returnnull
. Otherwise, return aDOMRectReadOnly
representing the root intersection rectangle in the coordinate space of the document the root element is in. -
target, of type Element, readonly
-
time, of type DOMHighResTimeStamp, readonly
-
The attribute must return a
DOMHighResTimeStamp
that corresponds to the time the intersection was recorded.
2.4. The IntersectionObserverInit dictionary
dictionary IntersectionObserverInit { Element? root = null; DOMString rootMargin = "0px"; (double or sequence<double>) threshold = 0; };
-
root, of type Element, nullable, defaulting to
null
-
The root to use for intersection. If not provided, use the top-level document’s viewport.
-
rootMargin, of type DOMString, defaulting to
"0px"
-
Similar to the CSS margin property, this is a string of 1-4 components, each either an absolute length or a percentage.
"5px" // all margins set to 5px "5px 10px" // top & bottom = 5px, right & left = 10px "-10px 5px 8px" // top = -10px, right & left = 5px, bottom = 8px "-10px -5px 5px 8px" // top = -10px, right = -5px, bottom = 5px, left = 8px
-
threshold, of type
(double or sequence<double>)
, defaulting to0
-
List of threshold(s) at which to trigger callback. callback will be invoked when intersectionRect’s area changes from greater than or equal to any threshold to less than that threshold, and vice versa.
Threshold values must be in the range of [0, 1.0] and represent a percentage of the area as specified by target.
getBoundingClientRect()
.Note: 0.0 is effectively "any non-zero number of pixels".
3. Processing Model
This section outlines the steps the user agent must take when implementing the Intersection Observer API.
3.1. Internal Slot Definitions
3.1.1. Browsing Contexts
Each unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts has an IntersectionObserverTaskQueued flag which is initialized to false and an IntersectionObservers list which is initially empty.
3.1.2. Element
Element
objects have an internal [[RegisteredIntersectionObservers]] slot,
which is initialized to an empty list.
This list holds IntersectionObserverRegistration records,
which have an observer property
holding an Element
and a previousVisibleRatio property
holding a number between 0 and 1.
3.1.3. IntersectionObserver
IntersectionObserver
objects have internal [[QueuedEntries]] and [[ObservationTargets]] slots,
which are initialized to empty lists and an internal [[callback]] slot
which is initialized by IntersectionObserver(callback, options)
.
They also have an internal [[rootMargin]] slot
which is a list of four pixel lengths or percentages.
3.2. Algorithms
3.2.1. Queue an Intersection Observer Task
To queue an intersection observer task for a unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts unit, run these steps:
-
If unit’s IntersectionObserverTaskQueued flag is set to true, return.
-
Set unit’s IntersectionObserverTaskQueued flag to true.
-
Enqueue a task to notify intersection observers in the list of idle request callbacks with a timeout of 100.
3.2.2. Notify Intersection Observers
To notify intersection observers for a unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts unit, run these steps:
-
Set unit’s IntersectionObserverTaskQueued flag to false.
-
Let notify list be a copy of unit’s IntersectionObservers list.
-
For each
IntersectionObserver
object observer in notify list, run these steps:-
If observer’s internal
[[QueuedEntries]]
slot is empty, continue. -
Let queue be a copy of observer’s internal
[[QueuedEntries]]
slot. -
Clear observer’s internal
[[QueuedEntries]]
slot. -
Invoke callback with queue as the first argument and observer as the second argument and callback this value. If this throws an exception, report the exception.
-
3.2.3. Queue an IntersectionObserverEntry
To queue an IntersectionObserverEntry for observer, given a unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts unit, observer, time, rootBounds, boundingClientRect, intersectionRect and target, run these steps:
-
Construct an
IntersectionObserverEntry
, passing in time, rootBounds, boundingClientRect, intersectionRect and target. -
Append it to observer’s internal
[[QueuedEntries]]
slot. -
Queue an intersection observer task for unit.
3.2.4. Run the Update Intersection Observations Steps
To run the update intersection observations steps for an event loop loop given a timestamp time, run these steps:
-
Let unit be the unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts for loop.
-
For each observer in unit’s IntersectionObservers list:
-
Let rootBounds be observer’s root intersection rectangle.
-
For each target in observer’s internal
[[ObservationTargets]]
slot:-
Let boundingClientRect be a
DOMRectReadOnly
obtained by the same algorithm as that ofElement
'sgetBoundingClientRect()
performed on target. -
Let intersectionRect be the intersection of boundingClientRect with rootBounds, intersected with the clip rect of each ancestor between target and observer.
root
(or the top-level document’s viewport if observer.root
is null).TBD: Do the clip rects include clip-path and other clipping properties or just overflow clipping?
-
Let area be boundingClientRect’s area.
-
Let visibleArea be intersectionRect’s area.
-
Let visibleRatio be visibleArea divided by area if area is non-zero, and
0
otherwise. -
Let threshold be the index of the first entry in observer.
thresholds
whose value is greater than or equal to visibleRatio. If visibleRatio is equal to0
, let threshold be-1
. -
Let intersectionObserverRegistration be the element in target’s internal
[[RegisteredIntersectionObservers]]
slot whoseobserver
property is equal to observer. -
Let oldVisibleRatio be set to intersectionObserverRegistration’s
previousVisibleRatio
property. -
Let oldThreshold be the index of the first entry in observer.
thresholds
whose value is greater than or equal to oldVisibleRatio. If oldVisibleRatio is equal to0
, let oldThreshold be-1
. -
If threshold does not equal oldThreshold, queue an IntersectionObserverEntry for unit, passing in observer, time, rootBounds, boundingClientRect, intersectionRect and target.
-
Assign visibleRatio to intersectionObserverRegistration’s
previousVisibleRatio
property.
-
-
3.2.5. Removing Steps
Whenever the removing steps run with an oldNode, run these steps:
-
Let nodes be oldNode’s inclusive descendants, in tree order.
-
For each node in nodes, run this substep:
-
For each observer in node’s internal
[[RegisteredIntersectionObservers]]
slot, run theunobserve()
algorithm on observer, passing in node as target.
-
3.3. External Spec Integrations
3.3.1. HTML Processing Model: Event Loop
An Intersection Observer processing step should take place AFTER the layout and rendering steps have been performed in the update the rendering event loop in the HTML Processing Model.
This step is:
- Run the update intersection observations steps for the event loop in question, passing in now as the timestamp.


Note: this section was written on 6/29/01. CCured has changed since
then..
Once you download the sources for a new package, you can run the translator
on it. To create a Makefile target for a package you typically add to
cil/Makefile a target that just invokes make on the package's own Makefile
with the CC variable bound to “ccured –merge”. I'll use the 6/29/01 version
of ftpd as my example.
First we try to run it without our tool involved:
% make ftpd-clean
% cd test/ftpd/ftpd
% make
This succeeds, generating an 'ftpd' binary. In the case of 'ftpd',
running it is slightly complicated:
% ./ftpd -D -d -p 3333
(then in another window)
% telnet localhost 3333
Trying <IP_ADDRESS>...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 madrone.cs.berkeley.edu FTP server (Version 6.5/OpenBSD, linux port 0.3.2) ready.
(etc)
This is (to our way of measuring) success.
Now we try it in 'cil' mode:
% cd cil
% make ftpd-clean
% make ftpd
At the moment, this also works, producing another 'ftpd' binary. We test
it the same way, and rejoice at its success.
Finally, we dare to try it in 'box' mode, meaning the instrumentation
module will be used:
% make ftpd-clean
% make ftpd INFERBOX=4
After crunching for a while, it reports this error (you have to scroll
back a bit to see the right one):
./ls_all.c:1338: Bug: Calling non-wild ioctl with too many args
This is an error from the 'box' module, complaining about what it
perceives to be a type error. If we investigate the named source
line, we see
if(ioctl(1, 0x5413, & win) == 0 && win.ws_col > 0)
confirming that 'ioctl' is involved. Since the *_all.c files are the
output of our tool, and do not themselves #include any files, we can
simply search in this file for ioctl's declaration. We do so, and see
extern int ioctl(int __fd , unsigned long int __request , ...) ;
Hmmm... looks like it was declared to accept any number (>=2) of args, so
this looks like a bug in the 'box' module; it should accept this code,
but it does not.
The next step is to write a tiny C program which calls ioctl (see
test/small2/ioctl.c), and verify it fails the same way
% make scott/ioctl INFERBOX=4
[...]
ioctl.c:9: Bug: Calling non-wild ioctl with too many args
[...]
Yep, same problem. Now we report this to George, since typically he's
much faster at identifying the problem, since he wrote the 'box' module.
In the meantime (waiting for George to magically fix the problem), we
could temporarily comment-out the call so we can proceed to find other
bugs. Or, perhaps we change the ioctl call to instead call a wrapper
function (wrappers are defined in lib/ccuredlib.c, which gets linked into
the translated program).
Eventually (see "make go INFERBOX=4") we'll get an executable. If it
runs correctly, celebration is in order. If not, it will usually fail
because of a failed runtime check (this one is from a test vector for
which go fails);
% make go INFERBOX=4
% cd test/spec/099.go/src
% ./go 5 4
[...]
array bug: index is 5980 (vs 5980)
Failure: Ubound
Abort
Tracking down the source of such failures is the most time-consuming
part of pushing a program through. Sometimes it's a bug in the
translator, in which case ideally a test case can be isolated for easy
diagnosis.
Sometimes (more and more often) it's a bug in the original program (go
had 10 array bounds violation bugs at last count). In this case you
have to change the original code to fix the bug; this may be easy or
hard. If it's hard, try just surrounding the offending statement with
an explicit bounds check in an 'if' statement, so the program skips
the bad statements (that is what I did to cause all of the "array bug"
outputs in the "5 4" case above).
C.2 Writing Wrappers Manually
To interface with external code, you are usually better off using the automatic
wrapper system described in Chapter 8. However if that isn't possible,
you'll need to write a wrapper directly in C:
-
Step 1:
-
Consult the name-mangling algorithm documented Section 8.1
and ccuredlib.c to decode the required types of the parameters.
- Step 2:
-
Determine the semantics of the function being wrapped (e.g.,
if it's a unix libc call, consult its man page). In particular,
find out how memory passed via pointers is accessed (read and
written).
- Step 3:
-
Write the wrapper, and make calls to the verification
and query functions in the section in ccuredlib.c titled
“general-purpose”. If the function manipulates wild pointers,
be sure to update tags; conversely, if no wild pointers are
involved, there are no tags to worry about.
Good examples to consult (in ccuredlib.c) include read_w,
fgets_ffw, stat_ww, strcat_www, memmove_www.
C.3 Apache Modules
This section applies to CCured as of July 2002
C.3.1 Introduction
This writing assumes Apache 1.3.19 and an x86/Linux system. Apache is an
open source web server that has the ability to dynamically load third-party
modules. Modules can examine and alter HTTP requests and also examine and
alter the webserver replies. For example, a compression module might
examine the HTTP request to see if it contains the “Accept-Encoding:
gzip” tag. If it does it might alter the HTTP reply, replacing the text of
the webpage body with a compressed version of that text. Modules can be
configured (via a file called httpd.conf) so that their behavior is
limited to a certain location or directory.
Apache modules share the same address space as the Apache webserver: no
software fault isolation is present. As a result, if the module crashes it
brings down that webserver (although apache is usually configured to
immediately spawn a new webserver thread to replace the fallen one). More
distressingly, a module with a security violation (for example, a
format-string bug) can allow remote users to gain shell access to the
webserver machine (one version of mod_php3 features such a
vulnerability: CCured prevents that vulnerability).
Apache modules are typically single files with a fairly standard naming
convention: mod_foo.c is the foo module, where foo
ranges over fairly descriptive keywords like gzip, random, urlcount, auth or layout. mod_foo.c almost invariable
contains a global data structure of type module with the C name foo_module. This data structure is a table of function pointers and entry
points. Once mod_foo.c has been compiled to the shared object mod_foo.so, Apache will dynamically load it and call the function
pointers listed in the foo_module structure at the appropriate time
(e.g., when a new request comes in).
C.3.2 Curing Apache Modules
Most Apache modules are of a relatively modest size and curing them is no
great chore. However, some annotation work must be done. Since the cured
module must interact with the non-cured Apache webserver, objects that are
passed between them must not change size. As a result, WILD and other
fat pointers cannot be introduced into such objects. Annotations must be
added to convince CCured that the module can be made safe without such
run-time checks.
Imagine that you are trying to cure mod_urlcount.c. Take out your
favorite text editor and open up the file. Near the top you should find a
configuration record structure. Each module defines a separate
configuration record structure with a separate (non-exported) name. For
example, mod_urlcount has:
typedef struct urlcount_config_rec {
int urlcount_default;
CounterType urlcount_type;
int urlcount_auto_add;
char *urlcount_file;
} urlcount_config_rec;
Each module also contains functions that create, manipulate and merge such
configuration structures. This is the mechanism through which Apache modules
maintain global state. Each time Apache calls one of the function pointers
exported by the module, it passes along a way to get to the appropriate
configuration record. Since Apache does not know how the config structure
will be defined, it uses void pointers to describe the type. CCured
comes with a set of macros that instantiate those void *s on a
per-module basis. Add the line:
NEW_MODULE_TYPE(urlcount, urlcount_config_rec) // this is a macro
where the first parameter is the module suffix name and the second is the
type name of the configuration record. This macro declares a type named
module_urlcount. As mentioned earlier, each module exports a module
structure (full of function pointers). We must redeclare the module to take
advantage of the instantiated types. Change:
module urlcount_module; // full of "void *"s
to
module_urlcount urlcount_module; // uses "url_config_rec *", not "void *"
Now scroll down a bit and look for the word keyword void. Apache
modules often feature unnecessary casts to void. For example, mod_headers contains this function:
static void *merge_headers_config(pool *p, void *basev, void *overridesv)
{
headers_conf *a = (headers_conf *) ap_pcalloc(p, sizeof(headers_conf));
headers_conf *base = (headers_conf *) basev,
*overrides = (headers_conf *) overridesv;
a->headers = ap_append_arrays(p, base->headers, overrides->headers);
return a;
}
Every void in this function really stands for headrs_conf (the
mod_headers version of urlcount_config_rec). Change it so
that the void types are no longer present:
static headers_conf *
merge_headers_config(pool *p, headers_conf *basev, headers_conf *overridesv)
{
headers_conf *a = (headers_conf *) ap_pcalloc(p, sizeof(headers_conf));
headers_conf *base = (headers_conf *) basev,
*overrides = (headers_conf *) overridesv;
a->headers = ap_append_arrays(p, base->headers, overrides->headers);
return a;
}
Repeat this process with all configuration functions that contain void. Now search for ap_get_module_config. It is a macro that
contains a (safe) cast to and from void * – it allows modules to
extract their configuration record from the global server state. For
example, mod_headers contains:
headers_conf *serverconf =
(headers_conf *) ap_get_module_config(s->module_config, &headers_module);
Change this to:
headers_conf * serverconf;
{ __NOBOXBLOCK
serverconf = ap_get_module_config(s->module_config, &headers_module);
}
The __NOBOXBLOCK block keyword tells CCured to leave the block
alone: we are asserting that it is already safe. Modify every instance of
ap_get_module_config and ap_get_perdir_module_config
the same way.
Now look for a datatype with the suffix entry. For example, mod_headers features:
typedef struct {
hdr_actions action;
char *header;
char *value;
} header_entry;
This marks a use of Apache's polymorphic (via void *) array routines.
Insert the following macro declaration to tell CCured about this array
type:
NEW_TABLE_TYPE(header_entry, header_entry) // macro
This macro declares a new type, array_header_FOO (where FOO
is the first argument) that is a specialized version of the Apache-provided
type array_header. Other data structure (for example, the
configuration record structure) will contain array_headers. We
change them to use this new datatype. Change all declarations like:
typedef struct {
array_header *headers;
} headers_conf;
into:
typedef struct {
array_header_header_entry *headers;
} headers_conf;
Now search for every call to ap_make_array, ap_append_arrays, ap_push_array and append FOO (in our
running example, header_entry) to the name of each called function.
For example, change:
new = (header_entry *) ap_push_array(dirconf->headers);
into:
new = (header_entry *) ap_push_array_header_entry(dirconf->headers);
Finally, surround all global table declarations with #pragmas that
tell CCured to leave them alone (because Apache must read them). Often
there are three such global tables per module. One is an array of struct const command_recs, one is an array of struct const
handler_recs, and the last is a module. Surround them all with #pragmas as follows:
static const handler_rec mod_gzip_handlers[] =
{
{"mod_gzip_handler", mod_gzip_handler},
{CGI_MAGIC_TYPE, mod_gzip_handler},
{"cgi-script", mod_gzip_handler},
{"*", mod_gzip_handler},
{NULL}
};
becomes:
#pragma box(off)
static const handler_rec mod_gzip_handlers[] =
{
{"mod_gzip_handler", mod_gzip_handler},
{CGI_MAGIC_TYPE, mod_gzip_handler},
{"cgi-script", mod_gzip_handler},
{"*", mod_gzip_handler},
{NULL}
};
#pragma box(on)
Finally, change the declaration of the global module to use the new
specialized type we created earlier. For example, change:
module MODULE_VAR_EXPORT urlcount_module = {
into:
module_urlcount MODULE_VAR_EXPORT urlcount_module = {
Voilą.
C.3.3 Linking Apache Modules
Suppose you have just finished making the source modifications to mod_foo.c. Now you want to test it on Apache. Use CCured to compile it to
mod_foo.o. Make sure that there are no WILD pointers and that
the sizes of types involved in the apache-module interface did not change.
Now you must link it:
$ gcc -shared -o mod_foo.so mod_foo.o
$ cp mod_foo.so /path/to/apache/bin/
Now go to your Apache binary directory and edit httpd.conf. Go to the
LoadModule section and add something appropriate according to the
documentation for your module. For example, mod_usertrack can be
configured by adding:
LoadModule usertrack_module bin/mod_usertrack.so
CookieTracking On
CookieExpires "1 days"
Now try to start Apache:
$ ./apachectl stop
$ ./apachectl start
./apachectl start: httpd started
If you see the “httpd started” message, it worked. If there were
messages about undefined symbols, you probably have to write a few
wrappers. For example, you might see:
./httpd: undefined symbol strdup_ff: mod_foo cannot be loaded
In this case you must write a wrapper for strdup that uses FSEQ
pointers. Suppose you write it in wrapper_foo.c and compile that to
wrapper_foo.o. Now go back to the linking step:
$ gcc -shared -o mod_foo.so mod_foo.o wrapper_foo.o
$ cp mod_foo.so /path/to/apache/bin/
And try to start Apache again. Eventually this process converges (you can
skip ahead by using a utility like nm to list all of the undefined
symbols in mod_foo.so if you like) and your Apache module will be up
and running.
If for some reasons your Apache module crashes at run-time, consider using
the underlying CIL –logcalls mechanism to track down the error
(Apache modules do not treat well with normal debuggers). Make sure that
the debugging comments are directed to syslog(3) rather than printf(3) or somesuch.
As daunting as it may seem, it actually takes less than 30 minutes to Cure
an Apache module of average size and get it up and running. Some of that
time is spend reading the module's documentation so that it can be loaded
and tested correctly. Good luck!


One of our most popular offers, Champion vs Challenger, puts little known reds up against big name (big priced) champions to see if they can match them in flavour and style. It may seem like an unfair competition, but one taste will show that these challengers are fighting fit! Taste both the Shiraz and Cabernet Champions & Challengers in one great case here or choose your favourite style below. With massive savings of up to $204, one thing is definitely guaranteed – the biggest winner is YOU!
Don’t miss your chance to secure these mighty Shiraz and cracking Cabernets at these winning prices. Only VERY limited stocks – be quick to secure your share.


Thank you for installing the Barnabas Robotics driver package.
To being programming, visit our website for instructions on how to connect to your Barnabas hardware.


A skilled developer student with expertise in using new tools and technical developments to drive improvements throughout a entire software development lifecycle. Excellent communication skills and able to work in teams and to define and refine new functionality. Looking for an ambitious company that will challenge my developer and problem solving skills and allow me to continue to develop my knowledge and potential.
At the moment as Freelancer I am evolving and I maintain systems of the Padéria Matox and Organization ONAIEPE.
Technologies: Java, JavaScript, HTML 5, CSS 3, Bootstrap, Eclipse,Spring,Jasper Reports, Hibernate, Thymeleaf.GPA: 4.25 (First semestr)
GPA: 3.85
GPA: 15.23
Besides being a Java developer I like sports so I take time to play soccer with friends and another time to go to the gym.
I am also engaged in the word of God so a part of my time is spent studying the Bible to enrich my religious knowledge.
I like to learn and teach so spend some time learning something new and teaching friends interested in the subject.


We were unable to deliver the e-mail message you sent because we couldn’t find any Object by that name.
You can look up contacts in the directory of People and send as many messages as you want to their Objects.
Visit our website to check out the directory.
-- Violet. Let All Things Be Connected --


Customized holiday tour packages has its root in the desire you always have to ensconce yourself and your closed ones and soak in nature with no one in vicinity.


| Number of Classes | Line Coverage | Mutation Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 91% | 74% |
| Name | Line Coverage | Mutation Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| JacobianMultivariateVectorOptimizer.java | 100% |
100% |
| ModelFunction.java | 100% |
100% |
| ModelFunctionJacobian.java | 100% |
100% |
| MultiStartMultivariateVectorOptimizer.java | 91% |
18% |
| MultivariateVectorOptimizer.java | 100% |
100% |
| Target.java | 100% |
100% |
| Weight.java | 44% |
50% |


PART III. LOANS AND EXTENSIONS OF CREDIT
§412:9-300 General requirements for loans and extensions of credit. A financial services loan company shall make loans and extensions of credit that are consistent with prudent lending practices, and in compliance with all applicable federal and state laws. [L 1993, c 350, pt of §1]
Cross References
Credit sale contracts, finance charges on, see §476‑28.
Foreign lender, exclusion, see §207‑11.
Secured transactions, Uniform Commercial Code, see §490:9‑203.


Which Programming Langauge would you like to generate "Hello, World" in?
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MII-DIAG
Section: Maintenance Commands (8)Updated: September 9, 2003
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
mii-diag - Network adapter control and monitoringSYNOPSIS
mii-diag [options]<interface>DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents briefly the mii-diag network adapter control and monitoring command. Addition documentation is available from http://scyld.com/diag/index.html.
This mii-diag command configures, controls and monitors the transceiver management registers for network interfaces, and configures driver operational parameters. For transceiver control mii-diag uses the Media Independent Interface (MII) standard (thus the command name). It also has additional Linux-specific controls to communicate parameters such as message enable settings and buffer sizes to the underlying device driver.
The MII standard defines registers that control and report network transceiver capabilities, link settings and errors. Examples are link speed, duplex, capabilities advertised to the link partner, status LED indications and link error counters.
OPTIONS
The mii-diag command supports both single character and long option names. Short options use a single dash (´-´) in front of the option character. For options without parameters, multiple options may be concatenated after a single dash. Long options are prefixed by two dashes (´--´), and may be abbreviated with a unique prefix. A long option may take a parameter of the form --arg=param or --arg param.
A summary of options is as follows.
- -A, --advertise <speed|setting>
-
.B-F,--fixed-speed<speed|setting>
Speed is one of: 100baseT4, 100baseTx, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD. For more precise control an explict numeric register setting is also allowed.
- -a, --all-interfaces
-
Show the status of all interfaces. This option is not recommended with
any other option, especially ones that change settings.
- -s,--status
-
Return exit status 2 if there is no link beat.
- -D
-
Increase the debugging level. This may be used to understand the
actions the command is taking.
- -g, --read-parameters
-
Show driver-specific parameters.
- -G, --set-parameters value[,value...]
-
Set driver-specific parameters.
Set a adapter-specific parameters.
Parameters are comma separated, with missing elements retaining the
existing value.
- -v
-
Increase the verbosity level. Additional "-v" options increase the
level further.
- -V
-
Show the program version information.
- -w, --watch
-
Continuously monitor the transceiver and report changes.
- -?
-
Emit usage information.
DESCRIPTION
Calling the command with just the interface name (which defaults to capabilities, configuration and current status.
The '--monitor' option allows scripting link beat changes.
This option is similar to --watch, but with lower overhead and simplifed
output. It polls the interface only once a second and the output format
is a single line per link change with three fixed words
<unknown|down||negotiating|up> <STATUS> <PARTNER-CAP>
Example output: mii-diag --monitor eth0
down 0x7809 0x0000
negotiating 0x7829 0x45e1
up 0x782d 0x45e1
down 0x7809 0x0000
This may be used as
mii-diag --monitor eth0 |
while read linkstatus bmsr linkpar; do
case $linkstatus in
up) ifup eth0 ;;
down) ifdown eth0 ;;
esac
done
It may be useful to shorten the DHCP client daemon timeout if it does not receive an address by adding the following setting to /etc/sysconfig/network: DHCPCDARGS="-t 3"
SEE ALSO
ether-wake(8),net-diag(8),mii-tool(8).Addition documentation is available from http://scyld.com/diag/index.html.
KNOWN BUGS
The --all-interfaces option is quirky. There are very few settings that are usefully applied to all interfaces.AUTHOR
The manual pages, diagnostic commands, and many of the underlying Linux network drivers were written by Donald Becker for the Scyld Beowulf() cluster system.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:27 GMT, December 24, 2015


Work together, be stronger
We are efficient in handling every conceivable type of event, whether corporate, party, wedding, or any other event. Events range from small group meetings to arena-size conferences, concert sound systems, or anything else; nothing is difficult for us to handle.


Extensive global and small-area estimation procedures for multiphase forest inventories under the design-based Monte-Carlo approach are provided. The implementation includes estimators for simple and cluster sampling published by Daniel Mandallaz in 2007 (<doi:10.1201/9781584889779>), 2013 (<doi:10.1139/cjfr-2012-0381>, <doi:10.1139/cjfr-2013-0181>, <doi:10.1139/cjfr-2013-0449>, <doi:10.3929/ethz-a-009990020>) and 2016 (<doi:10.3929/ethz-a-010579388>). It provides point estimates, their external- and design-based variances as well as confidence intervals. The procedures have also been optimized for the use of remote sensing data as auxiliary information.
| Version: | 0.3.1 |
| Imports: | plyr (≥ 1.8.3), stats, utils, tidyr, ggplot2 |
| Suggests: | R.rsp |
| Published: | 2017-10-16 |
| Author: | Andreas Hill [aut, cre], Alexander Massey [aut], Daniel Mandallaz [ctb] |
| Maintainer: | Andreas Hill <andreas.hill at usys.ethz.ch> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Citation: | forestinventory citation info |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | forestinventory results |
| Reference manual: | forestinventory.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
The R Package forestinventory: Design-Based Global and Small Area Estimations for Multi-Phase Forest Inventories |
| Package source: | forestinventory_0.3.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: forestinventory_0.3.1.zip, r-release: forestinventory_0.3.1.zip, r-oldrel: forestinventory_0.3.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: forestinventory_0.3.1.tgz, r-oldrel: forestinventory_0.3.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | forestinventory archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=forestinventory to link to this page.


Adding your iTunes Artwork to your project
Adding your iTunes artwork to your project gives your app a polished look when you are testing or deploying to test users. In order to get your application's icon to appear in iTunes there are a few simple steps to follow.
-
Create a 512x512 version of your applications icon in png format.
-
Save the png file to your application Resources folder as 'iTunesArtwork.png'
-
Right-click the file in Titanium Studio and choose rename. Then remove the .png extension from the filename.
-
Do a clean build of your project for Device.
With those steps you should see your application icon show up in iTunes.


Note
Click here to download the full example code
Fitting a function with pytma¶
pytma contains a number of tools for fitting functions to data. This example shows us how to load data into python, fit a function to our datapoints with pytma, and then plot the result.
This example is meant to demonstrate the functionality of sphinx-gallery, which allows you to generate narrative-style documents from python files.
import os.path as op
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pytma
plt.style.use('ggplot')
Loading data¶
First, we’ll load some data into pytma.
data_path = op.join(pytma.__path__[0], 'data')
ortho_x, ortho_y, ortho_n = pytma.transform_data(op.join(data_path, 'ortho.csv'))
para_x, para_y, para_n = pytma.transform_data(op.join(data_path, 'para.csv'))
Fitting a model¶
With pytma, models are created with the :ref:Model class. This class has a fit method that returns the coefficients for the given input data.
# Instantiate our model and fit it on two datasets
model = pytma.Model()
ortho_fit = model.fit(ortho_x, ortho_y)
para_fit = model.fit(para_x, para_y)
# These are the parameters that our model has discovered
print(ortho_fit.params)
print(para_fit.params)
Out:
[0.46438638 0.13845926]
[0.57456788 0.13684096]
Visualizing results¶
Now we will visualize the results of our model fit. We’ll generate a vector of input points, and use them to determine the model’s output for each input. Then we’ll plot what these curves look like.
# Create figure and generate input points
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1)
x_predict = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)
# Make the first plot
for x, y, n in zip(ortho_x, ortho_y, ortho_n):
ax.plot(x, y, 'bo', markersize=n)
ax.plot(x_predict, ortho_fit.predict(x_predict), 'b')
# Make the second plot
for x, y, n in zip(para_x, para_y, para_n):
ax.plot(x, y, 'go', markersize=n)
ax.plot(x_predict, para_fit.predict(x_predict), 'g')
ax.set_xlabel('Contrast in interval 1')
ax.set_ylabel("Proportion answers '1'")
ax.set_ylim([-0.1, 1.1])
ax.set_xlim([-0.1, 1.1])
fig.set_size_inches([8, 8])
Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 0.217 seconds)


| GTK+ 2.0 Tutorial using Ocaml | ||
|---|---|---|
| <<< Previous | Miscellaneous Widgets | Next >>> |
These are the little text strings that pop up when you leave your pointer over a button or other widget for a few seconds. They are easy to use, so I will just explain them without giving an example. If you want to see some code, take a look at the testgtk.ml program distributed with LablGTK.
Widgets that do not receive events (widgets that do not have their own window) will not work with tooltips.
The first call you will use creates a new tooltip using GData.tooltips function. You only need to do this once for a set of tooltips as the GData.tooltips object this function returns can be used to create multiple tooltips.
val GData.tooltips : ?delay:int -> unit -> tooltips |
Once you have created a new tooltip, and the widget you wish to use it on, simply use this call to set it:
method set_tip : ?text:string -> ?privat:string -> GObj.widget -> unit |
The ?text argument is the text you with to say, which is followed by the widget you wish to have this tooltip pop up for wish it to say. The ?privat argument is a text string that can be used as an identifier when using GtkTipsQuery to implement context sensitive help. For now, you don't have to give it.
Here's a short example:
let tooltips = GData.tooltips () in let button = GButton.button ~label:"This is button1" () in . . . tooltips#set_tip button#coerce ~text:"This is button1"; |
There are other calls that can be used with tooltips. I will just list them with a brief description of what they do.
method enable : unit -> unit |
Enable a disabled set of tooltips.
method disable : unit -> unit |
Disable an enabled set of tooltips.
| <<< Previous | Home | Next >>> |
| Arrows | Up | Progress Bars |


Nginx SysAdmin Linux Digital Ocean
Scroll Down
nginx on a Virtual server
VirtualServer - Sysadmin - Unix
Now, I’m here and Studing some Steps how Set Up a nginx Server on Digital Ocean. Include Node.js. Check out my Older Post here. And Set Up The Domian with Namecheap.
My eyes! They burn! http://t.co/Nbgavlphnn pic.twitter.com/HfIH0RGdjx
— Etel Sverdlov (@etelsverdlov) 14. Januar 2015
The Work from a Sysadmin! :)
“Best startups generally come from somebody needing to scratch an itch.” -Michael Arrington, TechCrunch
“If you are going to walk on thin ice, you might as well dance”


Python based VMWare backup script.
Basically, using this script it is possible to set certain time to perform backups. All, it needs to know location of your VMWare machines, location of backup media and location of vmrun interface.
Once, backup script is executed it goes through the folder with your virtual machines. Matches those to currently running machines using vmrun. Goes through the list of the machines, suspending, backing up and resuming those individually. If machine is powered off, script backs it up without performing suspend and resume steps.
Script keeps on logging what have been done, creating log file with a time stamp at the end. (Should be located in the same location as run_backup.py script)
Each backup is stored under time stamped folder. During backup, script goes through all the backup volumes and determines which volume to use to backup particular machine. Therefore, it is possible you might end up with same date backup spread out on different backup volumes to conserve space.
One more feature that is worth mentioning. During backup setup stage, script saves your backup settings to a file(backup_settings.db) so those settings are saved to the hard drive. (or a solid state drive, I don’t know what you might have...) Meaning, that you can update this software without affecting your backup settings!
Was written and tested on Linux-based Red Hat 6 Operating System. It should work on Windows and Mac OS. However, I am pretty sure it will need some slight code additions for the Windows. I am not familiar enough with Mac OS to tell if it will work right of the bet or not.
Currently, we are using VMWare Workstation to run our virtual machines. If you are using any other VMWare product this backup script might require vmrun modification. Which is command prompt utility that we’ve used to talk to VMWare Workstation. My knoweledge of VMWare products is quite limited so suggestions, additions, modifications are welcome!
 Therefore, we’ve introduce multiple attempts whenever we are issuing commands to vmrun. The script checks virtual machine state after each communication attempt to figure out if command was executed successfully. Also, each consecutive attempt is done with a delay that will hopefully give some time to the VMWare engine to respond to a certain action.
Furthermore, we’ve been using this script to back up virtual machines to a tape drive. Our tape drive consist of 8 tapes, which shows up in Linux as a drive with 8 volumes. It is possible to modify script to work with single tape or any other backup configurations.
In our experience, the tape drive has not been very fast or responsive compare to the hard drive. Therefore, we’ve introduce multiple attempts whenever we accessing the backup media. Also, each consecutive attempt is done with a delay that will hopefully give some time to the tape drive to respond to a certain action. The attempt number and delay period is part of the py_knife package, it is possible to monkey patch it.
Make sure latest python-crontab package is installed:
pip install python-crontab
Install vmware-backup package. Either download latest code from Github and execute:
python setup.py install
Alternatively, install package using pip:
pip install vmware-backup
During installation, vmware backup module will be added to your python site-packages. Also, installation script will copy run_backup.py script to your python script directory. Under linux that could be /usr/local/bin/run_backup.py, under Windows should be C:/Python2.7/Scripts/, under Mac OS who knows...
Note
Let us know if you stumble upon missing python modules that we forgot to include.
Once again, current limitations are:
- This script has been tested on Linux-based Red Hat 6 only!
- Has been tested only with VMWare Workstation!
- Script assumes that you have a multi-volume backup drive. In my case, I point script to the /media/lto6, which is a drive. And I have multiple volumes (displayed as folders) under that location.
First and foremost, find where installation procedure placed run_backup.py file. Once, the file is located, you can execute following to fetch all the possible options:
python run_backup.py -h
Depending on your system configuration this script might be added to your current path, so it might be possible to execute script without location installation folder. Such as:
run_backup.py -h
Or:
run_backup -h
The options should be self explanatory. Set backup settings first, such crone schedule, vmrun path, virtual machines path and tape path. Next - enable backup.
If you are trying to provide option such as string with spaces, do it like so:
python run_backup.py -s '0 22 * * 1-5'
Please refer to https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-crontab that will explain how to format crontab string to set proper backup intervals.
Also, it is possible to change time stamp format. Please refer to https://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime. That will explain how to format such a string. I would recommend not to mess with it too much since there is no validation performed on those strings. But this might be handy for friends from Europe and other parts of the world if you want to change month and date order.
The vmware_backup module comes with some documentation. It is mostly self generated from the code itself. There are also images giving basic overview as far as package modules and classes. Please let me know, if you end up digging through code and willing to extend documentation.
Following link, parses html pages directly from GitHub. Pretty neat stuff! http://rawgit.com/Barmaley13/VMWare-Backup/master/docs/index.html
Shoot me email at kirill at kbelyayev.com if you have any questions, suggestions, improvements, additions and etc. I would love to help you get this script going on your system if you hire me as a contractor. I might help you free of charge if you contribute to this distribution or ask politely. Beer donations are welcome too!
Good luck! Happy coding! And happy vmware backups!