authenticator package¶
Submodules¶
authenticator.cbor module¶
Contains CBOR messaging classes Classes:
-
class
authenticator.cbor.
CBORResponse
[source]¶ Bases:
abc.ABC
General CBORResponse class that acts as the base for all CBOR response. Provides methods for encoding and logging the contents of the CBOR Response
This class acts as a super class to the other responses providing the generic encoding method
-
class
authenticator.cbor.
GetAssertionResp
(content, count)[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.cbor.CBORResponse
GetAssertion Response
-
class
authenticator.cbor.
GetClientPINResp
(key_agreement: {} = None, pin_token: bytes = None, retries: int = None)[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.cbor.CBORResponse
Get Client PIN response object
-
class
authenticator.cbor.
GetInfoResp
(aaguid: bytes)[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.cbor.CBORResponse
GetInfo Response
Constructs the response object based on the capabilities of the authenticator
-
add_algorithm
(algorithm: authenticator.datatypes.PublicKeyCredentialParameters)[source]¶ Adds a supported algorithm
Parameters: algorithm (PublicKeyCredentialParameters) – algorithm descriptor to add
-
add_extension
(extension)[source]¶ Add an extension to the extensions list
Parameters: extension ([type]) – extension to add
-
add_pin_uv_supported_protocol
(protocol: ctap.constants.AUTHN_GETINFO_PIN_UV_PROTOCOL)[source]¶ Sets the PIN User Verification protocol that is supported
Parameters: protocol (AUTHN_GETINFO_PIN_UV_PROTOCOL) – protocol version supported
-
add_transport
(transport: ctap.constants.AUTHN_GETINFO_TRANSPORT)[source]¶ Add a transport parameter
Parameters: transport (AUTHN_GETINFO_TRANSPORT) – supported transport to add
-
add_version
(version: ctap.constants.AUTHN_GETINFO_VERSION)[source]¶ Add the version to the parameters
Parameters: version (AUTHN_GETINFO_VERSION) – version
-
get
(parameter: ctap.constants.AUTHN_GETINFO)[source]¶ Gets a parameter from the GetInfo dictionary
Parameters: parameter (AUTHN_GETINFO) – parameter to get Returns: value of parameter
-
set
(parameter: ctap.constants.AUTHN_GETINFO, value)[source]¶ Sets a generic parameter
Parameters: - parameter (AUTHN_GETINFO) – parameter to set
- value ([type]) – value to set, could string, dictionary, etc.
-
set_auguid
(aaguid: uuid.UUID)[source]¶ Sets the AA GUID
Parameters: aaguid (UUID) – AAGUID for authenticator
-
set_option
(option: ctap.constants.AUTHN_GETINFO_OPTION, value: bool)[source]¶ Sets one of the option values
Parameters: - option (AUTHN_GETINFO_OPTION) – option to set
- value (bool) – value
-
-
class
authenticator.cbor.
GetNextAssertionResp
(content, count: int)[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.cbor.CBORResponse
Get Next Assertion response
-
class
authenticator.cbor.
MakeCredentialResp
(content)[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.cbor.CBORResponse
MakeCredential response object
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class
authenticator.cbor.
ResetResp
[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.cbor.CBORResponse
Reset Response
authenticator.datatypes module¶
Contains classes for the various different parameters and datatypes that are used by messages and CTAP, as well as the exception class used by authenticators Classes:
-
class
authenticator.datatypes.
AuthenticatorGetAssertionParameters
(cbor_data: bytes)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Get Assertion parameters consisting of the following:
- rpId
- String Required Relying party identifier. See [WebAuthN].
- clientDataHash
- Byte Array Required Hash of the serialized client data collected by the host. See [WebAuthN].
- allowList
- Sequence of PublicKeyCredentialDescriptors Optional A sequence of PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor structures, each denoting a credential, as specified in [WebAuthN]. If this parameter is present and has 1 or more entries, the authenticator MUST only generate an assertion using one of the denoted credentials.
- extensions
- CBOR map of extension identifier authenticator extension input values Optional Parameters to influence authenticator operation. These parameters might be authenticator specific.
- options
- Map of authenticator options Optional Parameters to influence authenticator operation, as specified in the table below.
- pinAuth
- Byte Array Optional First 16 bytes of HMAC-SHA-256 of clientDataHash using pinToken which platform got from the authenticator: HMAC-SHA-256(pinToken, clientDataHash).
- pinProtocol
- Unsigned Integer Optional PIN protocol version selected by client.
-
get_allow_list
() → [<class 'authenticator.datatypes.PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor'>][source]¶ Get a list of allowed PublicKey Credential Descriptors
Returns: list of allowed descriptors Return type: [PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor]
-
get_extensions
()[source]¶ Get extensions
TODO check return type :returns: [description] :rtype: [type]
-
get_pin_auth
() → bytes[source]¶ Get pin auth as bytes or None if not set
Returns: PIN auth bytes or None Return type: bytes
-
get_require_resident_key
() → bool[source]¶ Get whether a resident key is required
Returns: True if key must be resident key, False if not Return type: bool
-
get_rp_id
() → str[source]¶ Get the relying party ID, usually URL
Returns: relying party id Return type: str
-
get_user_presence
() → bool[source]¶ Get whether user presence check is required, this is assumed to always be True in CTAP
Returns: True Return type: bool
-
require_user_verification
() → bool[source]¶ Get whether user verification is required
Returns: True if required, False if not Return type: bool
-
verify
()[source]¶ Verifies the parameters against the standard to ensure presence and type are correct.
Raises: DICEAuthenticatorException
– thrown if verification fails
-
class
authenticator.datatypes.
AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters
(cbor_data: bytes)[source]¶ Bases:
object
GetClientPIN Parameters consisting of:
- pinProtocol (0x01)
- Unsigned Integer Required PIN protocol version chosen by the client. For this version of the spec, this SHALL be the number 1.
- subCommand (0x02)
- Unsigned Integer Required The authenticator Client PIN sub command currently being requested
- keyAgreement (0x03)
- COSE_Key Optional Public key of platformKeyAgreementKey. The COSE_Key-encoded public key MUST contain the optional “alg” parameter and MUST NOT contain any other optional parameters. The “alg” parameter MUST contain a COSEAlgorithmIdentifier value.
- pinAuth (0x04)
- Byte Array Optional First 16 bytes of HMAC-SHA-256 of encrypted contents using sharedSecret. See Setting a new PIN, Changing existing PIN and Getting pinToken from the authenticator for more details.
- newPinEnc (0x05)
- Byte Array Optional Encrypted new PIN using sharedSecret. Encryption is done over UTF-8 representation of new PIN.
- pinHashEnc (0x06)
- Byte Array Optional Encrypted first 16 bytes of SHA-256 of PIN using sharedSecret.
-
get_key_agreement
() → dict[source]¶ Get the key agreement
Returns: key agreement spec Return type: dict
-
get_new_pin_enc
() → bytes[source]¶ Get the encrypted New PIN
Returns: New PIN encryption Return type: bytes
-
get_pin_hash_enc
() → bytes[source]¶ Get the encrypted PIN Hash
Returns: Encrypted PIN hash Return type: bytes
-
verify
()[source]¶ Verifies the parameters against the standard to ensure presence and type are correct.
Raises: DICEAuthenticatorException
– thrown if verification fails
-
class
authenticator.datatypes.
AuthenticatorMakeCredentialParameters
(cbor_data: bytes)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Make Credential parameters consisting of:
- clientDataHash
- Byte Array Required Hash of the ClientData contextual binding specified by host. See [WebAuthN].
- rp
- PublicKeyCredentialRpEntity Required This PublicKeyCredentialRpEntity data structure describes a Relying Party with which the new public key credential will be associated. It contains the Relying party identifier, (optionally) a human-friendly RP name, and (optionally) a URL referencing a RP icon image. The RP name is to be used by the authenticator when displaying the credential to the user for selection and usage authorization.
- user
- PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity Required This PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity data structure describes the user account to which the new public key credential will be associated at the RP. It contains an RP-specific user account identifier, (optionally) a user name, (optionally) a user display name, and (optionally) a URL referencing a user icon image (of a user avatar, for example). The authenticator associates the created public key credential with the account identifier, and MAY also associate any or all of the user name, user display name, and image data (pointed to by the URL, if any).
- pubKeyCredParams CBOR Array Required
- A sequence of CBOR maps consisting of pairs of PublicKeyCredentialType (a string) and cryptographic algorithm (a positive or negative integer), where algorithm identifiers are values that SHOULD be registered in the IANA COSE Algorithms registry [IANA-COSE-ALGS-REG]. This sequence is ordered from most preferred (by the RP) to least preferred.
- excludeList
- Sequence of PublicKeyCredentialDescriptors Optional A sequence of PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor structures, as specified in [WebAuthN]. The authenticator returns an error if the authenticator already contains one of the credentials enumerated in this sequence. This allows RPs to limit the creation of multiple credentials for the same account on a single authenticator.
- extensions
- CBOR map of extension identifier → authenticator extension input values Optional Parameters to influence authenticator operation, as specified in [WebAuthN]. These parameters might be authenticator specific.
- options
- Map of authenticator options Optional Parameters to influence authenticator operation, as specified in in the table below.
- pinAuth
- Byte Array Optional First 16 bytes of HMAC-SHA-256 of clientDataHash using pinToken which platform got from the authenticator: HMAC-SHA-256(pinToken, clientDataHash).
- pinProtocol
- Unsigned Integer Optional PIN protocol version chosen by the client
-
get_cred_types_and_pubkey_algs
() → list[source]¶ Get the list of acceptable type and public key algorithms accepted in preference order
Returns: list of dictionary object containing type and algorithm Return type: list
-
get_exclude_credential_descriptor_list
() → [<class 'authenticator.datatypes.PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor'>][source]¶ List of credential descriptors that should be excluded
Returns: exclusion list Return type: [PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor]
-
get_pin_protocol
() → int[source]¶ Get the supported PIN protocol
Returns: PIN protocol Return type: int
-
get_require_resident_key
() → bool[source]¶ Get whether a resident key is required
Returns: True if required, False if not Return type: bool
-
get_rp_entity
() → authenticator.datatypes.PublicKeyCredentialRpEntity[source]¶ Get the relying party
Returns: relying party entity Return type: PublicKeyCredentialRpEntity
-
get_user_entity
() → authenticator.datatypes.PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity[source]¶ Get the user entity
Returns: user entity Return type: PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity
-
get_user_presence
() → bool[source]¶ Get whether a user presence check is required, this is assumed to always be True in CTAP
Returns: True Return type: bool
-
require_user_verification
() → bool[source]¶ Get whether user verification is required
Returns: True if required, False if not Return type: bool
-
verify
()[source]¶ Verifies the parameters against the standard to ensure presence and type are correct.
Raises: DICEAuthenticatorException
– thrown if verification fails
-
class
authenticator.datatypes.
AuthenticatorVersion
(ctaphid_protocol_version: int = 2, major_version: int = 1, minor_version: int = 0, build_version: int = 0)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Utility class to hold the Authenticator Version
-
exception
authenticator.datatypes.
DICEAuthenticatorException
(err_code: ctap.constants.CTAP_STATUS_CODE, message='Authenticator Exception')[source]¶ Bases:
Exception
Exception raised when accessing the storage medium
-
message -- explanation of the error
-
get_error_code
() → ctap.constants.CTAP_STATUS_CODE[source]¶ Get the error code that has been set in this exception
Returns: error code Return type: ctap.constants.CTAP_STATUS_CODE
-
-
class
authenticator.datatypes.
PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor
(desc: dict)[source]¶ Bases:
object
PublicKey Credential Description, consisting of id, type and possibly transport type
-
get_transports
()[source]¶ Transports supported by the credential TODO Check format :returns: supported transports :rtype: [type]
-
verify
()[source]¶ Verifies the parameters against the standard to ensure presence and type are correct.
Raises: DICEAuthenticatorException
– thrown if verification fails
-
-
class
authenticator.datatypes.
PublicKeyCredentialParameters
(algo: crypto.algs.PUBLIC_KEY_ALG, cred_type='public-key')[source]¶ Bases:
dict
Utility method to hold the PublicKeyCredential parameters
-
class
authenticator.datatypes.
PublicKeyCredentialRpEntity
(data: dict)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Credential Relying Party Entity
-
get_as_dict
() → dict[source]¶ Return the fields in the entity as a dictionary
Returns: dictionary of parameters Return type: dict
-
get_icon
() → str[source]¶ Gets the URL of the entity icon if present, or None
Returns: URL of icon or None if not set Return type: str
-
get_name
() → str[source]¶ Gets the name of the entity. This is optional and will return None if not present
Returns: name of entity or None if not set Return type: str
-
verify
()[source]¶ Verifies the parameters against the standard to ensure presence and type are correct.
Raises: DICEAuthenticatorException
– thrown if verification fails
-
-
class
authenticator.datatypes.
PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity
(data: dict)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Public Key User Entity
-
get_as_dict
() → dict[source]¶ Gets the User entity as a dictionary
Returns: dictionary of underlying parameters Return type: dict
-
get_display_name
() → str[source]¶ Gets a user friendly display string
Returns: friendly display string Return type: str
-
get_icon
() → str[source]¶ Gets the URL of the icon for the user entity
Returns: URL of user icon or None if not set Return type: str
-
get_id
() → bytes[source]¶ Gets the user entity Id, often called the user handle
Returns: user entity id Return type: bytes
-
get_name
() → str[source]¶ Gets the user entity name
Returns: user entity name or None if not set Return type: str
-
verify
()[source]¶ Verifies the parameters against the standard to ensure presence and type are correct.
Raises: DICEAuthenticatorException
– thrown if verification fails
-
-
authenticator.datatypes.
keys_do_not_exist_in_dict
(keys: [], dict_value: {}) → bool[source]¶ Checks that all the keys in the list do not exist in the dictionary
Parameters: Returns: True if none of the keys exists, otherwise False
Return type:
-
authenticator.datatypes.
keys_exist_in_dict
(keys: [], dict_value: {}) → bool[source]¶ Checks if all keys in list exist within the dictionary
Parameters: Returns: True if all keys listed exist, otherwise False
Return type:
-
authenticator.datatypes.
only_keys_in_dict
(keys, dict_value: {}) → bool[source]¶ Checks the values specified in keys are the only keys that exist in the dictionary.
keys can be a enum or a list. In the case of enum, it will iterate through all members
Parameters: Returns: True if the dictionary contains all and only those keys specified in keys/
Return type:
authenticator.diceauthenticator module¶
- Defines the base DICEAuthenticator with abstract methods
- that should be implemented by concrete subclasses that wish to provide Authenticator implementations.
Classes:
-
class
authenticator.diceauthenticator.
DICEAuthenticator
(pin_token_length=64, ui: authenticator.ui.DICEAuthenticatorUI = <authenticator.ui.ConsoleAuthenticatorUI object>)[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.ui.DICEAuthenticatorListener
,abc.ABC
Base class for all Authenticators. This provides core functionality like message processing and interfacing with USB HID. It processes the incoming message then calls the appropriate abstractmethod to process the actual method.
Implementations of an Authenticator should subclass this class and implement the abstractmethods to provide authenticator functionality.
-
AUTHENTICATOR_AAGUID
= UUID('695e437f-c0cd-4fe8-b545-d39084f5c805')¶
-
PIN_TOKEN_LENGTH
= 64¶
-
authenticator_get_assertion
(params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorGetAssertionParameters, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.GetAssertionResp[source]¶ Abstract method to process the GetAssertion request. Should return a completed GetAssertionResp
Parameters: - params (AuthenticatorGetAssertionParameters) – GetAssertion parameters
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Returns: Complete GetAssertion response
Return type:
-
authenticator_get_client_pin
(params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.GetClientPINResp[source]¶ Implements the initial processing of the GetClient PIN request.
This method itself just processes the initial message and calls the appropriate method for the subcommand. An authenticator needs to implement those subcommand abstract methods to provide the necessary funcionality.
Parameters: - params (AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters) – GetClientPIN parameters
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Raises: DICEAuthenticatorException
– thrown if subcommand is unknownReturns: Complete GetClientPIN response
Return type:
-
authenticator_get_client_pin_change_pin
(params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.GetClientPINResp[source]¶ Abstract method to process a PIN change request
Parameters: - params (AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters) – Client PIN parameters include new PIN
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Returns: Completed Get Client PIN response
Return type:
-
authenticator_get_client_pin_get_key_agreement
(params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.GetClientPINResp[source]¶ Abstract method to process the request for the PIN key agreement
Parameters: - params (AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters) – Get Client PIN parameters
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Returns: Completed Get Client PIN Response
Return type:
-
authenticator_get_client_pin_get_pin_token
(params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.GetClientPINResp[source]¶ Abstact method to process the request for the PIN Token
Parameters: - params (AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters) – Client PIN parameters
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Returns: Completed Get Client PIN response including PIN Token
Return type:
-
authenticator_get_client_pin_get_retries
(params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.GetClientPINResp[source]¶ Abstract method to get the number of retries remaining for the ClientPIN
Parameters: - params (AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters) – Client PIN parameters
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Returns: completed Client PIN response
Return type:
-
authenticator_get_client_pin_set_pin
(params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.GetClientPINResp[source]¶ Abstract method to process the PIN set request
Parameters: - params (AuthenticatorGetClientPINParameters) – Client PIN parameters including new PIN
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Returns: Completed Get Client PIN Response
Return type:
-
authenticator_get_info
(keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.GetInfoResp[source]¶ Abstract method to process the GetInfo request. Should return a completed GetInfoResp
Parameters: keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object Returns: Complete GetInfo Response Return type: GetInfoResp
-
authenticator_get_next_assertion
(params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorGetAssertionParameters, idx: int, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.GetNextAssertionResp[source]¶ Abstract method to process GetNextAssertion request
Parameters: - params (AuthenticatorGetAssertionParameters) – GetAssertion parameters
- idx (int) – credential index
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Returns: Completed Get Next Assertion response
Return type:
-
authenticator_make_credential
(params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorMakeCredentialParameters, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.MakeCredentialResp[source]¶ Abstract method to process the MakeCredential request. Should return a completed MakeCredentialResp
Parameters: - params (AuthenticatorMakeCredentialParameters) – Make credential parameters
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Returns: Complete MakeCredential response
Return type:
-
authenticator_reset
(keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → authenticator.cbor.ResetResp[source]¶ Abstract method to process a reset request
Parameters: keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object Returns: Completed reset response Return type: ResetResp
-
check_get_last_assertion_cid
(cid: bytes) → bool[source]¶ Check that the set GetAssertion matches the received GetNextAssertion, if not reset.
Parameters: cid (bytes) – [description] Returns: True if channels match, False if not and reset Return type: bool
-
clear_get_last_assertion
()[source]¶ Clears the last GetAssertion after a timeout or different request
-
get_last_assertion_cid
() → bytes[source]¶ Get the channel ID of the currently set GetAssertion
Returns: channel id of currently set GetAssertion Return type: bytes
-
get_last_assertion_params
(cid: bytes) → dict[source]¶ Get the set last assertion parameters associated with the specified channel ID.
Parameters: cid (bytes) – [description]
Raises: DICEAuthenticatorException
– thrown if no last assertion is set,- the last assertion has timed out, or the channel IDs don’t match
Returns: - Dictionary consisting of the last assertion params [“params”]
and the currently stored credential index [“idx”]
Return type:
-
get_version
() → authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorVersion[source]¶ Get the authenticator version object
Returns: version information Return type: AuthenticatorVersion
-
process_cbor
(cbor_data: bytes, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive, cid: bytes = None) → bytes[source]¶ Process an incoming CBOR request
This is the core of the authenticator since most of the WebAuthN messages are sent via CBOR. This method will create the appropriate parameter object and then call the abstract method for the concrete authenticator to process.
The keep_alive object is from the underlying USBHID and allows the authenticator to trigger regular keep-alive messages to be sent whilst it is processing the request. By default these messages are not sent, they must be activated by calling the start method on the passed keep_alive object. :param cbor_data: received CBOR bytes :type cbor_data: bytes :param keep_alive: keep_alive object that can :type keep_alive: CTAPHIDKeepAlive :param cid: channel id. Defaults to None. :type cid: bytes, optional
Returns: CBOR encoded response to be wrapped and sent back to the client Return type: bytes
-
process_wink
(payload: bytes, keep_alive: ctap.keep_alive.CTAPHIDKeepAlive) → bytes[source]¶ Process the wink request which basically requires flashing or some visual indicator of the target authenticator
Parameters: - payload (bytes) – payload bytes
- keep_alive (CTAPHIDKeepAlive) – keep-alive object
Returns: CBOR encoded response to be wrapped and sent back to the client
Return type:
-
set_get_assertion_params_idx_reset_timer
(idx: int)[source]¶ Resets the timer for the current GetAssertion, triggered when a GetNextAssertion is called
Parameters: idx (int) – index of the credential currently being sent back
-
set_get_assertion_params_start_timer
(cid: bytes, params: authenticator.datatypes.AuthenticatorGetAssertionParameters, idx: int)[source]¶ Sets the start time the get assertion was called. This is required to determine if any future GetNextAssertion calls are within the timeout
Parameters: - cid (bytes) – channel id
- params (AuthenticatorGetAssertionParameters) – get assertion parameters
- idx (int) – the current index of the credential being sent back
-
authenticator.json_storage module¶
Provides an implementation of DICEAuthenticatorStorage that uses an underlying JSON file to store content
Classes:
- Enums:
- STORAGE_KEYS
| raises: | DICEAuthenticatorStorageException – Exception that occurs during storage operations |
|---|
-
class
authenticator.json_storage.
EncryptedJSONAuthenticatorStorage
(path: str, pwd: str)[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.json_storage.JSONAuthenticatorStorage
Concrete implementation of DICEAuthenticatorStorage that stores contents in an encrypted JSON file
-
class
authenticator.json_storage.
JSONAuthenticatorStorage
(path: str)[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.storage.DICEAuthenticatorStorage
Concrete implementation of DICEAuthenticatorStorage that stores contents in a JSON file
-
add_credential_source
(rp_id: str, user_id: bytes, credential_source: ctap.credential_source.PublicKeyCredentialSource) → bool[source]¶ Adds the specified credential source indexed by the RpID and the UserId
Parameters: - rp_id (str) – Relying party ID
- user_id (bytes) – User ID
- credential_source (PublicKeyCredentialSource) – credential source to store
Returns: True if written, False otherwise
Return type:
-
decrement_pin_retries
() → int[source]¶ Decreases PIN retries by one
Returns: PIN retries remaining after decrease Return type: int
-
delete_field
(key: str) → bool[source]¶ Removes the specified key
Parameters: key (str) – key to remove Returns: True if successful, False if not Return type: bool
-
get_credential_source
(rp_id: str, user_id: bytes) → ctap.credential_source.PublicKeyCredentialSource[source]¶ gets a credential source using the Relying Party ID and User ID as indexes
Parameters: Returns: credential source found
Return type:
-
get_credential_source_by_rp
(rp_id: str, allow_list=None) → List[ctap.credential_source.PublicKeyCredentialSource][source]¶ Gets credential sources using the relying party ID as an index and then applying the passed in allow_list, if provided
Parameters: Returns: map of credential sources matching the criteria
Return type:
-
get_master_secret
() → bytes[source]¶ Gets the master secret
Should only be called when a master secret exists. Check with is_initialised() to determine
Raises: DICEAuthenticatorStorageException
– raised if no master secret foundReturns: master secret as bytes Return type: bytes
-
get_pin_retries
() → int[source]¶ Gets the number of PIN retries remaining
Returns: PIN retries remaining Return type: int
-
get_signature_counter
() → int[source]¶ Gets the global signature counter
Returns: global signature counter Return type: int
-
get_string
(key: str) → str[source]¶ Gets an arbitray string from the data store
This can be used to store additional arbitrary data, for example, JSON encoded strings
Returns: arbitrary string data or None if not set Return type: str
-
get_uv_value
() → bytes[source]¶ Gets the user verification data
Returns: user verification data if set, or None Return type: bytes
-
get_wrapping_key
() → bytes[source]¶ Gets the global wrapping key
Returns: wrapping key as bytes Return type: bytes
-
has_wrapping_key
() → bool[source]¶ Checks whether a wrapping key has been set
Returns: True if a wrapping key has been set, False if not Return type: bool
-
increment_signature_counter
() → bool[source]¶ Increments the global signature counter
Returns: True if incremented and written, False otherwise Return type: bool
-
init_new
(master_secret: bytes = None) → bool[source]¶ Creates a new instance with the specified master secret
Parameters: master_secret (bytes) – master secret to initialise with
-
is_initialised
() → bool[source]¶ Check if the storage has been initialised
If not initialise init_new should be called
Returns: True if initialise, False if not Return type: bool
-
reset
() → bool[source]¶ Resets the storage medium to new
Warning: this will cause existing credential data to be lost should only be called with user permission
Returns: True if reset is successful, False if not Return type: bool
-
set_pin
(pin_value: bytes)[source]¶ Sets the PIN to the specified bytes
Parameters: pin_value (bytes) – PIN as bytes
-
set_pin_retries
(retries: int) → int[source]¶ Sets the number of retries remaining
Parameters: value (int) – retries remaining to set Returns: the number of retries remaining Return type: int
-
set_string
(key: str, data: str) → bool[source]¶ Sets an abitrary string in the data store
This can be used to store additional arbitrary data, for example, JSON encoded strings
Parameters: Returns: True if stored, False if not
Return type:
-
set_uv_value
(uv_check_value: bytes)[source]¶ Sets an arbitrary byte value that contains the data to perform user verification. It could be biometric, a test encryption or some other data.
Parameters: uv_check_value (bytes) – user verification check data Returns: True if set, False if not Return type: bool
-
set_wrapping_key
(wrap_key: bytes) → bool[source]¶ Sets the global wrapping key to key bytes
Parameters: wrap_key (bytes) – wrapping key to store Returns: True if set, False if not Return type: bool
-
update_credential_source
(rp_id: str, credential_source: ctap.credential_source.PublicKeyCredentialSource) → bool[source]¶ Updates the specified credential source with a new version. This is primarily used for updating signature counters after a getAssertion call
When performing the update the implementer should call get_loaded_bytes on the credential_source to get the originally loaded bytes and match based on those.
Parameters: - rp_id (str) – string of the rp_id
- credential_source (PublicKeyCredentialSource) – credential source to update
Returns: [description]
Return type:
-
-
class
authenticator.json_storage.
STORAGE_KEYS
[source]¶ Bases:
object
Storage keys enum for referencing the names of the fields used in the JSON file
-
CREDENTIALS
= 'credentials'¶
-
MASTER_KEY
= 'master_key'¶
-
PIN
= 'pin'¶
-
PIN_RETRIES
= 'retries'¶
-
PIN_VALUE
= 'pin_value'¶
-
SIGNATURE_COUNT
= 'signature_count'¶
-
UV_CHECK_VALUE
= 'uv_check_value'¶
-
WRAP_KEY
= 'wrap_key'¶
-
authenticator.preferences module¶
Contains class for reading and writing application preferences
-
class
authenticator.preferences.
DICEPreferences
(path: str = './src/prefs.json')[source]¶ Bases:
object
Manages application preferences
-
get_auth_store_path
() → str[source]¶ Get the path where the storage file is
Returns: Gets the str path to the storage file Return type: str
-
get_resident_key
() → bool[source]¶ Get whether to use a resident key
Returns: True to use a resident key, False otherwise, default is False Return type: bool
-
authenticator.storage module¶
Abstract Authenticator Storage class defines interface that storage mechanisms must implement to act as storage provider for an Authenticator.
Should consider also how to encrypt/protect the underlying storage medium
-
class
authenticator.storage.
DICEAuthenticatorStorage
(**args)[source]¶ Bases:
abc.ABC
Abstract authenticator storage class defining core functionality that storage methods must provide
- Args:
- **args: variable number of named arguments to handle subclassing
-
add_credential_source
(rp_id: str, user_id: bytes, credential_source: ctap.credential_source.PublicKeyCredentialSource) → bool[source]¶ Adds the specified credential source indexed by the RpID and the UserId
Parameters: - rp_id (str) – Relying party ID
- user_id (bytes) – User ID
- credential_source (PublicKeyCredentialSource) – credential source to store
Returns: True if written, False otherwise
Return type:
-
convert_allow_list_to_map
(allow_list: List[authenticator.datatypes.PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor])[source]¶ Converts an allow list received from the client into a map for use with filtering credentials. In effect iterates through credentials in allow list and indexes them by user id in a map
Parameters: - allow_list ([PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor]) – list of
- Public Key Credential Descriptors (allowed) –
Returns: map of allowed credentials indexed by credential ID
Return type: map
-
decrement_pin_retries
() → int[source]¶ Decreases PIN retries by one
Returns: PIN retries remaining after decrease Return type: int
-
delete_field
(key: str) → bool[source]¶ Removes the specified key
Parameters: key (str) – key to remove Returns: True if successful, False if not Return type: bool
-
get_credential_source
(rp_id: str, user_id: bytes) → ctap.credential_source.PublicKeyCredentialSource[source]¶ gets a credential source using the Relying Party ID and User ID as indexes
Parameters: Returns: credential source found
Return type:
-
get_credential_source_by_rp
(rp_id: str, allow_list=None) → Dict[KT, VT][source]¶ Gets credential sources using the relying party ID as an index and then applying the passed in allow_list, if provided
Parameters: Returns: map of credential sources matching the criteria
Return type:
-
get_master_secret
() → bytes[source]¶ gets the master secret
Returns: bytes containing the master secret Return type: bytes
-
get_pin_retries
() → int[source]¶ Gets the number of PIN retries remaining
Returns: PIN retries remaining Return type: int
-
get_signature_counter
() → int[source]¶ Gets the global signature counter
Returns: global signature counter Return type: int
-
get_string
(key: str) → str[source]¶ Gets an arbitray string from the data store
This can be used to store additional arbitrary data, for example, JSON encoded strings
Returns: arbitrary string data or None if not set Return type: str
-
get_uv_value
() → bytes[source]¶ Gets the user verification data
Returns: user verification data if set, or None Return type: bytes
-
get_wrapping_key
() → bytes[source]¶ Gets the global wrapping key
Returns: wrapping key as bytes Return type: bytes
-
has_wrapping_key
() → bool[source]¶ Checks whether a wrapping key has been set
Returns: True if a wrapping key has been set, False if not Return type: bool
-
increment_signature_counter
() → bool[source]¶ Increments the global signature counter
Returns: True if incremented and written, False otherwise Return type: bool
-
init_new
(master_secret: bytes)[source]¶ Creates a new instance with the specified master secret
Parameters: master_secret (bytes) – master secret to initialise with
-
is_initialised
() → bool[source]¶ Check if the storage has been initialised
If not initialise init_new should be called
Returns: True if initialise, False if not Return type: bool
-
reset
() → bool[source]¶ Resets the storage medium to new
Warning: this will cause existing credential data to be lost should only be called with user permission
Returns: True if reset is successful, False if not Return type: bool
-
set_pin
(pin_value: bytes)[source]¶ Sets the PIN to the specified bytes
Parameters: pin_value (bytes) – PIN as bytes
-
set_pin_retries
(retries: int) → int[source]¶ Sets the number of retries remaining
Parameters: value (int) – retries remaining to set Returns: the number of retries remaining Return type: int
-
set_string
(key: str, data: str) → bool[source]¶ Sets an abitrary string in the data store
This can be used to store additional arbitrary data, for example, JSON encoded strings
Parameters: Returns: True if stored, False if not
Return type:
-
set_uv_value
(uv_check_value: bytes) → bool[source]¶ Sets an arbitrary byte value that contains the data to perform user verification. It could be biometric, a test encryption or some other data.
Parameters: uv_check_value (bytes) – user verification check data Returns: True if set, False if not Return type: bool
-
set_wrapping_key
(wrap_key: bytes) → bool[source]¶ Sets the global wrapping key to key bytes
Parameters: wrap_key (bytes) – wrapping key to store Returns: True if set, False if not Return type: bool
-
update_credential_source
(rp_id: str, credential_source: ctap.credential_source.PublicKeyCredentialSource) → bool[source]¶ Updates the specified credential source with a new version. This is primarily used for updating signature counters after a getAssertion call
When performing the update the implementer should call get_loaded_bytes on the credential_source to get the originally loaded bytes and match based on those.
Parameters: - rp_id (str) – string of the rp_id
- credential_source (PublicKeyCredentialSource) – credential source to update
Returns: [description]
Return type:
authenticator.ui module¶
Provides abstract and concrete UI classes
An abstract UI is defined that can be provided by either a CLI interface or a QT interface. Both examples are provided
Classes:
-
class
authenticator.ui.
ConsoleAuthenticatorUI
[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.ui.DICEAuthenticatorUI
Simple console UI to allow the user to perform basic operations like quiting.
-
check_user_presence
(msg: str = None)[source]¶ Performs a user presence check. How this is performed is left up to the UI, it could be pop-up, notifiaction or some other interface
Parameters: - msg (str, optional) – The notification message to show
- not just a default. Defaults to None. (if) –
-
check_user_verification
(msg: str = None)[source]¶ Performs a user verification test
Parameters: - msg (str, optional) – The notification message to show
- not just a default. Defaults to None. (if) –
-
-
class
authenticator.ui.
DICEAuthenticatorListener
[source]¶ Bases:
abc.ABC
Defines the listener interface for authenticators that wish to listen to UI events
Fired when a menu selection is made with the menu item included
Parameters: menu_item (str) – menu item that was selected
-
class
authenticator.ui.
DICEAuthenticatorUI
[source]¶ Bases:
abc.ABC
Abstract UI class that should be implemented by a compatible UI
-
add_listener
(listener: authenticator.ui.DICEAuthenticatorListener)[source]¶ Adds a listener to receive UI events
Parameters: listener (DICEAuthenticatorListener) – listener to be added
-
check_user_presence
(msg: str = None)[source]¶ Performs a user presence check. How this is performed is left up to the UI, it could be pop-up, notifiaction or some other interface
Parameters: - msg (str, optional) – The notification message to show
- not just a default. Defaults to None. (if) –
-
check_user_verification
(msg: str = None)[source]¶ Performs a user verification test
Parameters: - msg (str, optional) – The notification message to show
- not just a default. Defaults to None. (if) –
Fires the menu clicked event
Parameters: menu_item (str) – menu item that was clicked
-
fire_post_ui_loaded
()[source]¶ Fires the menu clicked event
Parameters: menu_item (str) – menu item that was clicked
-
-
class
authenticator.ui.
DICEEvent
(action: authenticator.ui.DICE_UI_Event)[source]¶ Bases:
PyQt5.QtCore.QEvent
Holds a DICE Event that represents one of the types and potentially includes a message as well
-
class
authenticator.ui.
DICE_UI_Event
[source]¶ Bases:
enum.Enum
Enum to define different event types in the DICE app
-
SHOW_PWD
= 65533¶
-
SHOW_UP
= 65535¶
-
SHOW_UV
= 65534¶
-
-
class
authenticator.ui.
QTAuthenticatorUI
[source]¶ Bases:
authenticator.ui.DICEAuthenticatorUI
QT based UI that provides a system tray icon and more sophisticated user interaction functionality
-
check_user_presence
(msg: str = 'User Presence Check') → bool[source]¶ Performs a user presence check. How this is performed is left up to the UI, it could be pop-up, notifiaction or some other interface
Parameters: - msg (str, optional) – The notification message to show
- not just a default. Defaults to None. (if) –
-
check_user_verification
(msg: str = None)[source]¶ Performs a user verification test
Parameters: - msg (str, optional) – The notification message to show
- not just a default. Defaults to None. (if) –
-
-
class
authenticator.ui.
QTAuthenticatorUIApp
[source]¶ Bases:
PyQt5.QtWidgets.QApplication
QT5 UI with system tray icon
-
customEvent
(event)[source]¶ Processes the custom event firing
Parameters: event (DICEevent) – event that has been fired
-
get_user_password
(msg: str = 'Enter Password')[source]¶ Shows the user password dialog
Parameters: msg (str, optional) – The message to show the user in the dialog. Defaults to “Enter Password”.
-


My favorite color is #009999 and this is my wugbot! It's a cycling psychling wugbot! I like bicycling, psycholinguistics, and homophonous clippings of those things too! I also like cats and rubber ducky debugging.


Introduced in PostgreSQL 8.1, the autovacuum process which was previously implemented as an external service process is now integrated into the backend. It will run VACUUM automatically if a configurable amount of data has changed.
Running VACUUM is mandatory on a PostgreSQL server to keep data consistent and the server performant. As a start, it is recommended to enable the autovacuum daemon by setting 'autovacuum', 'stats_start_collector' and 'stats_row_level' in postgresql.conf to 'on'.
In PostgreSQL 8.3 and newer, autovacuum is enabled by default unless you turn off 'track_activities' or 'track_counts'.
With a usually neglible performance penalty from the data change tracking, you will gain automatic VACUUM runs.
To adjust autovacuum performance for individual needs, you might need to tune its settings using global parameters in postgresql.conf, or individually on each table; see the documentation.


Dashboard
Overall Statistic
Crime Occurences of different crime types from 2003/01/01 to 2015/05/13
@() @main("Hello World") { @defining(play.core.PlayVersion.current) { version =>
Crime Occurences of different crime types from 2003/01/01 to 2015/05/13


Thanks for installing the latest version of the Homebridge UI.
Online updates are not supported on Windows. You will need to upgrade Homebridge manually after stopping the Homebridge service.
To upgrade the package run open a Node.js command prompt as an Administrator and run the following commands:
hb-service stop npm install -g {{ pluginName }}@{{targetVersion}} hb-service start


Personal Training
Personal training offers one-on-one individually designed dance sessions that perfectly fit your needs.
Group Training
Group training allows you to enjoy the best dance styles while learning new moves with other students.
Dance Workshops
If you are not sure what to pick, you can always try one of our regular dance workshops.
Instructors
Since our establishment, we have gathered a team of more than 20 dance instructors who have experience in various dance styles.
-
Richard Williams
DANCE INSTRUCTOR, HOUSE
-
Kate Anderson
FOUNDER, SENIOR INSTRUCTOR
-
Jessica Peterson
DANCE INSTRUCTOR, LATIN
-
Meryl McMillan
DANCE INSTRUCTOR, HIP-HOP
-
Henry Wilson
DANCE INSTRUCTOR, URBAN
-
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DANCE INSTRUCTOR, BREAKDANCE
Our Classes
-
01
Ballet
This class will help you discover the world of graceful ballet movements.
-
02
Contemporary
Learn the basic techniques of Contemporary Dance with this class.
-
03
Hip-Hop
Explore the fundamentals of Hip-Hop including funk styles.
-
04
Jazz
Jazz Dance classes will help you learn various useful techniques.
-
05
Breakdance
We provide fun and challenging breakdance classes to everyone.
-
06
Urban
Urban Dance classes cover a wide variety of modern dance styles.


API Basejump: Timestamp microservice
User stories:
- 1) I can pass a string as a parameter, and it will check to see whether that string contains either a unix timestamp or a natural language date (example: January 1, 2016)
- 2) If it does, it returns both the Unix timestamp and the natural language form of that date.
- 3) If it does not contain a date or Unix timestamp, it returns null for those properties.
Example usage:
https://date-microservice.herokuapp.com/December%2015th,%202015
https://date-microservice.herokuapp.com/December%2015,%202015
https://date-microservice.herokuapp.com/1450137600
Example output:
{ "unix":<PHONE_NUMBER>, "natural": "December 15th, 2015" }


 Also, I am still working on
getting this info to you in a more systematic manner but our IT people
are currently swamped.
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>on 06/29/2000 04:26:57 PM
To<EMAIL_ADDRESS>cc<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Subject: Important bidweek information
Scott,
Please let your gas traders know that Inside FERC will not accept bidweek
prices via fax any later than 2 p.m. Eastern time. It takes a great deal of
time
to input each deal by hand and then re-check the data for accuracy -- and
that's
before we even begin to analyze each pricing point to determine the indexes.
If anyone has any questions, they can contact me at the number below.
Regards,
Liane Kucher, Associate Editor
Inside FERC's Gas Market Report
202-383-2147
***********
EDRM Enron Email Data Set has been produced in EML, PST and NSF format by ZL Technologies, Inc. This Data Set is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/> . To provide attribution, please cite to "ZL Technologies, Inc. (http://www.zlti.com)."
***********
California


If you want to use permissions for the plugin, ensure Other.UsePermissions
in the config.yml is set to true
. Otherwise the players will not require permissions for most functionality.
Carz.*
Carz.Admin
Carz.Purchase
Carz.Place
Carz.Drive
Carz.Upgrade
Carz.CreateSign
Carz.BypassOwner
Every available command can be found in-game using /carz cmds. The list will be built based on permissions and configuration.
For console commands, use /carzc cmds
Request a purchase to purchase an owned car to your inventory. You will have full ownership of the car, being able to protect and lock it from other players.
You can specify which type of Car you would like to purchase by using the optional parameter, if not specified the "default" car will be used.
If Economy is enabled, a player must have sufficient funds before successfully purchasing.
* Permission: Carz.Purchase
.
Request a purchase to upgrade the speed of the Car you are currently driving. This will play a sound and the car will immediately be increased in speed.
If Economy is enabled, a player must have sufficient funds before successfully purchasing.
* Permission: Carz.Upgrade
.
Request a purchase to fill the fuel in the current car.
No extra permission is required. If Economy is enabled a player must have sufficient funds before successfully purchasing. If configured, the cost can scale depending on the amount of fuel left in the car.
Display's the current Car's fuel level. If Fuel is enabled.
If BountifulAPI is enabled, this will display as an Action Bar message.
Places an unowned Minecart in your inventory. You can specify which type of Car you would like to spawn by using the optional parameter, if not specified the "default" car will be used.
* Strict Permission: Carz.Admin
.
Display a summary of the current car's details and metadata.
If you have a Car in your hand it will display the Car's metadata.
Add the specified Material into a Block Type's list. Available Block Types include: climb, speed, launch & placeable; speed and launch require the amount parameter. Changes are reflected immediately.
For more information about Block Types, click here.
* Strict Permission: Carz.Admin
.
Remove the specified Material from a Block Type's list. Available Block Types include: climb, speed, launch & placeable. Changes are reflected immediately.
For more information about Block Types, click here.
* Strict Permission: Carz.Admin
.
Stash the vehicle you are currently driving, back into a Minecart placed into your inventory. This can also be achieved by hitting the owned car.
Claim ownership of an un-owned Minecart you are currently in.
Remove the ownership of an owned Minecart you are currently in.
Create a new Car Type. A conversation will be started to allow you to fully customise the car. Once the conversation is complete, the new Car Type is available to purchase.
If Economy is enabled, you will be asked to specify a cost of purchase.
* Strict Permission: Carz.Admin
.
Remove an existing Car Type from the available Car Types. The change will be applied immediately.
* Strict Permission: Carz.Admin
.
List the available Car types to purchase.
* Permission: Carz.Purchase
.
If purchase confirmation is enabled, this command will be required to be entered to process the purchase request.
Display all economy related information, including each purchase type available.
* Strict Permission: Carz.Admin
.
Open a GUI car store, displaying each available Car type and its details. Clicking a entry will request a purchase of that Car.
* Permission: Carz.Purchase
.
Reload the Carz configuration files.
* Strict Permission: Carz.Admin
.
* = if permissions are enabled.
Strict = if permissions are disabled, op is required.


We use volatility as an input parameter in option pricing model. If we take a look at the BSM pricing, the theoretical price or the fair value of an option is P, where P is a function of historical volatility σ, stock price S, strike price K, risk-free rate r and the time to expiration T. That is \(P=f(\sigma,S,K,r,T)\). But the market price of options is not always the same with the theoretical price. Now in contrast, if we are given the market’s prices of calls and puts written on some asset and also the value of S, K, r, T. For each asset we can solve a new volatility that corresponds to the price of each option – the implied volatility. Then the implied volatility is \(\IV=f^{-1}(P,S,K,r,T)\).
2. Calculation
Here we use the bisection method to solve the BSM pricing equation and find the root which is the implied volatility. We use Yahoo Finance Python API to get the real time option data.
import numpy as np
import scipy.stats as sp
def bsm_price(option_type, sigma, s, k, r, T, q):
# calculate the bsm price of European call and put option
d1 = (np.log(s / k) + (r - q + sigma ** 2 * 0.5) * T) / (sigma * np.sqrt(T))
d2 = d1 - sigma * np.sqrt(T)
if option_type == 'c':
price = np.exp(-r*T) * (s * np.exp((r - q)*T) * sp.norm.cdf(d1) - k * sp.norm.cdf(d2))
return price
elif option_type == 'p':
price = np.exp(-r*T) * (k * sp.norm.cdf(-d2) - s * np.exp((r - q)*T) * sp.norm.cdf(-d1))
return price
else:
print('No such option type %s') %option_type
def implied_vol(option_type, option_price, s, k, r, T, q):
# apply bisection method to get the implied volatility by solving the BSM function
precision = 0.0001
upper_vol = 10000
max_vol = 10000
lower_vol = 0.0001
iteration = 0
while 1:
iteration = +1
mid_vol = (upper_vol + lower_vol)/2.0
price = bsm_price(option_type, mid_vol, s, k, r, T, q)
lower_price = bsm_price(option_type, lower_vol, s, k, r, T, q)
if (lower_price - option_price) * (price - option_price) > 0:
lower_vol = mid_vol
else:
upper_vol = mid_vol
if abs(price - option_price) < precision: break if mid_vol > max_vol - 5 :
mid_vol = 0
break
return mid_vol
implied_vol('c', 0.3, 3, 3, 0.032, 30.0/365, 0.01)
From the result above, the implied volatility of European call option (with premium c=0.3, S=3, K=3, r=0.032, T =30 days, d=0.01) is 0.87.
3. Factors affecting Implied Volatility
According to the time value description in the first tutorial, [ref]Options Pricing: Intrinsic Value And Time Value, Jean Folger,
Online Copy[/ref]in general, the more time to expiration, the greater the time value of the option. Investors are willing to pay extra money for zero intrinsic value options which have more time to expiration because more time increases the likelihood of price movement and fluctuations, it is the options will become profitable. Implied volatility tends to be an increasing function of maturity. A short-dated option often has a low implied volatility, whereas a long-dated option tends to have a high implied volatility.
Volatility Skew
For European options of the same maturity and the same underlying assets, the implied volatilities vary with the strikes. For a series of put options or call options, if we plot these implied volatilities for a series of options which have the same expiration date and the same underlying with the x axis being the different strikes, we would get a convex curve. The shape of this curve is like people's smiling, it is being called the volatility.
If we Keep the same expiry date and the same underlying assets, the implied volatility can be measured for different strike prices. This curve is called the volatility smile. The shape of volatility smile depends on the assets and the market conditions.
Here we give an example how to plot the volatility smile by using the real time options data of SPDR S&P 500 ETF(NYSEARCA: SPY).
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%pylab inline
from pandas_datareader.data import Options
import pandas_datareader.data as web
import datetime
# download option data for all expiry months from Yahoo Finance
# provide a formatted DataFrame with a hierarchical index
opt = Options('spy', 'yahoo')
# choose contracts with specified expiry date
expiry = opt.expiry_dates[10]
data = opt.get_call_data(expiry=expiry)
len(data) # number of contracts with specified expiry date
r = 0.013 # risk free rate
s = data['Underlying_Price'] # undelying price
expiry = data.index.get_level_values('Expiry')[0] # get the expiry
current_date = datetime.datetime.now() # get the current date
time_to_expire = float((expiry - current_date).days)/365 # compute time to expiration
premium = (data['Ask'] + data['Bid'])/2 # option premium
k = data.index.get_level_values('Strike') # get the strike price
d = 0.01 # continuous devidend yield
IV = []
for i in range(len(data)):
IV.append(implied_vol('c', premium[i], s[i], k[i], r, time_to_expire, d))
plt.figure(figsize=(16, 7))
plt.plot(k,IV, c='r', label="IV by solving BSM")
plt.plot(k,data['IV'],c = 'b', label="IV from Yahoo Finance")
plt.grid()
plt.xlabel('strike')
plt.ylabel('Implied Volatility')
80% OTM put has a different implied volatility to the ATM put. Plotting these implied volatilities across strikes gives us the implied volatility skew, also referred to as volatility skew, or even just skew. Although the volatility skew is dynamic, in equity markets it is almost always a decreasing function of the strike. Other asset classes such as FX and commodities have differently shaped skews.
Limitations
Reason for volatility skew
There are several reasons for the existence of this implied volatility skew. Implied volatility is the market’s consensus on the volatility of the asset between now and the maturity of the option. Put options pay on the downside and are thus good hedging instruments against market crashes. If an asset drops in price, this is generally accompanied by an increase in its volatility. In this case, fear manifests itself because of the increased uncertainty and risk involved in such a drop. This is reflected in the implied volatilities of the OTM puts being higher than the OTM calls because puts pay on the downside.
The realized volatility of an asset, as just seen, is a measure of how the asset’s price fluctuated over a specific period of time. It is also called historical volatility because it reflects the past; however, it does not necessarily contain information about the current market sentiment. The implied volatility of an asset on the other hand, as the name suggests, is a representative of what the market is implying in terms of volatility.
Using the correct implied volatility of an asset allows one to price other derivatives on the asset, in particular, those that are not liquidly traded. Where the implied volatility of an asset cannot be implied from traded instruments, one may resort to using the realized volatility as a proxy for implied volatility to get an idea of what volatility would be correct to use.
Summary
The historical volatility of an asset is the statistical measure we know as the standard deviation of the stock return series. The implied volatility of the same asset, on the other hand, is the volatility parameter that we can infer from the prices of traded options written on this asset. In contrast to historical volatility, which looks at fluctuations of asset prices in the past, implied volatility looks ahead. The two volatilities do not necessarily coincide, and although they may be close, they are typically not equal.


### Problem 3. Rectangle area * Write an expression that calculates rectangle’s area by given width and height. _Examples:_ | width | height | area | |:-----:|:------:|:----:| | 3 | 4 | 12 | | 2.5 | 3 | 7.5 | | 5 | 5 | 25 |


{%include "elements/header.html"%} {%include "elements/navbar.html"%}
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2021 The Event Converter
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Home PageCopyright (c) 2011-2018 Twitter, Inc.
Copyright (c) 2011-2018 The Bootstrap Authors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2019-2020 The Bootstrap Authors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Bootstrap HomepageCopyright (c) 2015 by Armin Ronacher and contributors. See AUTHORS for more details.
Some rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of the software as well as documentation, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution
The names of the contributors may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
The names of the contributors may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

Copyright (c) 2010 by Armin Ronacher.
Some rights reserved.
This logo or a modified version may be used by anyone to refer to the Flask project, but does not indicate endorsement by the project.
Redistribution and use in source (the SVG file) and binary forms (rendered PNG files etc.) of the image, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice and this list of conditions.
The names of the contributors to the Flask software (see AUTHORS) may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.>
Flask


{% load i18n static %}
{% trans "Hello," %}
{% trans "you forgot one of your passwords or PINs of the smerge-projects you are registered with this mail-address. In the following you find all your projects and the corresponding information you need to login." %}
{% for entry in projects %}
| {% trans "Project" %} | {{ entry.name }} |
|---|---|
| {% trans "Description" %} | {{ entry.description | default_if_none:"" }} |
| {% trans "PIN" %} | {{ entry.pin }} |
| {% trans "Password" %} | {{ entry.password | default_if_none:"" }} |
{% trans "So what are you waiting for? Smerge on on smerge.org!" %}


Here we go! Select an Identity provider that holds your authentication data.
The Service Provider (SP) generates a SAML 2.0 authentication request, which is encoded and embedded into the URL for SSO
service. After being redirected, you must provide your credentials to authenticate against the selected IdP.
Select your Identity Provider:


To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video


[§200-74] Penalty. Any person who violates this part shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. [L 1991, c 272, pt of §2]


public final class SOAPTraceRegistry
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static SOAPTraceRegistry |
getInstance()
Delivers the one and only instance of this class.
|
int |
recallThreadLocalInRequestEOI()
This method returns the thread-local eoi previously
registered using the method registerTraceId(curTraceId).
|
int |
recallThreadLocalInRequestESS()
This method returns the thread-local ess previously
registered using the method registerTraceId(curTraceId).
|
boolean |
recallThreadLocalInRequestIsEntryCall()
Returns the value of the ThreadLocal variable threadLocalInRequestIsEntryCall.
|
long |
recallThreadLocalInRequestTin()
This method returns the thread-local traceid previously
registered using the method registerTraceId(curTraceId).
|
boolean |
recallThreadLocalOutRequestIsEntryCall()
Returns the value of the ThreadLocal variable threadLocalOutRequestIsEntryCall.
|
long |
recallThreadLocalOutRequestTin()
This method returns the thread-local traceid previously
registered using the method registerTraceId(curTraceId).
|
void |
storeThreadLocalInRequestEOI(int eoi)
Used to explicitly register an eoi for an incoming SOAP request.
|
void |
storeThreadLocalInRequestESS(int ess)
Used to explicitly register an ess for an incoming SOAP request.
|
void |
storeThreadLocalInRequestIsEntryCall(boolean isEntry)
This method is used to store whether or not an incoming SOAP call
was the entry point to the current trace.
|
void |
storeThreadLocalInRequestTin(long tin)
Used to explicitly register the time tin of an incoming request.
|
void |
storeThreadLocalOutRequestIsEntryCall(boolean isEntry)
This method is used to store whether or not an outgoing SOAP call
was the entry point to the current trace.
|
void |
storeThreadLocalOutRequestTin(long tin)
Used to explicitly register the time tin of an outgoing request.
|
void |
unsetThreadLocalInRequestEOI()
This method unsets a previously registered eoi.
|
void |
unsetThreadLocalInRequestESS()
This method unsets a previously registered ess.
|
void |
unsetThreadLocalInRequestIsEntryCall()
This method unsets a previously registered variable isInRequestEntryCall.
|
void |
unsetThreadLocalInRequestTin()
This method unsets a previously registered entry time tin.
|
void |
unsetThreadLocalOutRequestIsEntryCall()
This method unsets a previously registered variable isOutRequestEntryCall.
|
void |
unsetThreadLocalOutRequestTin()
This method unsets a previously registered entry time tin.
|
public static SOAPTraceRegistry getInstance()
public void storeThreadLocalInRequestTin(long tin)
tin
- The tin time of the request.public long recallThreadLocalInRequestTin()
public void unsetThreadLocalInRequestTin()
public void storeThreadLocalOutRequestTin(long tin)
tin
- The tin time of the request.public long recallThreadLocalOutRequestTin()
public void unsetThreadLocalOutRequestTin()
public void storeThreadLocalInRequestIsEntryCall(boolean isEntry)
isEntry
- Determines whether the call was the entry point to the trace or not.public boolean recallThreadLocalInRequestIsEntryCall()
public void unsetThreadLocalInRequestIsEntryCall()
public void storeThreadLocalOutRequestIsEntryCall(boolean isEntry)
isEntry
- Determines whether the call was the entry point to the trace or not.public boolean recallThreadLocalOutRequestIsEntryCall()
public void unsetThreadLocalOutRequestIsEntryCall()
public void storeThreadLocalInRequestEOI(int eoi)
eoi
- The execution order index to store.public int recallThreadLocalInRequestEOI()
public void unsetThreadLocalInRequestEOI()
public void storeThreadLocalInRequestESS(int ess)
ess
- The execution stack size to store.public int recallThreadLocalInRequestESS()
public void unsetThreadLocalInRequestESS()
Copyright 2021 Kieker Project, http://kieker-monitoring.net


A list control where a large finite set of list items can be scrolled on demand.
 ...

| Option | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
extend
|
Customise the browser discrimination logic to load control extensions |
null
|
onrenderitem
|
Call back function whenever a list item is ready to be rendered. |
null
|
onrenderpendingitem
|
Call back function whenever a list item is requested to be shown. This callback is useful to render a progress indicator. |
null
|
onremoveitem
|
Call back function whenever a list item is requested to be removed. |
null
|
ongetdata
|
Call back function whenever data for a specific start and end index is required. |
null
|
ongetitemcount
|
Call back function whenever the total item count is required |
null
|
maxdomitems
|
The maximum dom elements to store in the list. An array of dom element indexes is maintained whenever a dom element is appended. Once this maximum dom elements threshold has been hit, onremoveitem will be called on a "First In, First Out" basis on the dom element index array. This is useful if you do not want the list to be bloated with DOM list items. To disable, set this property to 0. |
100
|
maxdatacache
|
The maximum data list items to store in the data cache. A dictionary of data is maintained whenever list item data has been retrieved. Once this maximum data cache threshold has been hit, it will be removed from the dictionary on a "First In, First Out" basis. To disable, set this property to 0. |
1000
|
blocksize
|
The number of list items to request per block. Data is requested in blocks, the current visible block, the previous block and the next block. |
15
|
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
getScroller
|
Retrieves the scroller instance for the lazy list |
destroy
|
Destroys the lazy list, list and scroller. |
getItemHeight
|
Returns the height of a list item |
setItemCount(int)
|
Sets the item count and refreshes the virtual list |
setSegment(dictionary)
|
Sets the list item data |
| Event | Description |
onrenderitem(event, index, data) |
Evented when data for a list item has been retreived. |
|---|---|
onrenderpendingitem(event, index) |
Evented when data for a list item has been requested. |
onremoveitem(event, index) |
Evented when DOM caching is enabled and that a list item is to be removed from the cache. |
ongetdata(event, startIndex, endIndex, onSuccess) |
Evented when the virtual list requires a block of data |
ongetitemcount(event) |
Evented when the virtual list requires the size of the list to calculate it's scrolling height. |
None
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
.ohjvirtuallist
|
Class for the virtuallist |

This is listitem 0

This is listitem 1

| Dependency | Platform | Description |
|---|---|---|
jquery 1.7.2
|
Desktop | Core library for desktop browsers |
zepto 1.0rc1
|
Mobile Webkit | Core library for android and ios browsers |
ohj.list.css |
Core | Css file for the list and list items |
Tested on:


3 Tutorials - Reference Documentation
Authors: Sandro Martini
Version: <IP_ADDRESS>
3 Tutorials
Samples
In Plugin sources under the test folder there there are some initial unit and integration tests, and even an inline test webapp.Code is duplicated to avoid unnecessary complexity. Unnecessary code in plugin sources is already excluded in plugin packaging.Note that some code is more general than required for tests, but only to show some basic features.AkkaService
The plugin now has an utility service (AkkaService) that by default creates an Akka ActorSystem at application startup with a default name:- if defined, the value of grails_akka.akkaSystem.name variable, set in Grails config file
- otherwise, the webapp context name
- otherwise (at last), "grails-akka" will be used.


--- title: Disabled Button type: buttons scss: app/_assets/base/_buttons.scss usage: --- Default Parsley Warning Danger Inverse


FormCheck
Class providing built-in validation functions for common use cases
class FormCheck
static email(value: string) : boolean | array
static max(max: number) : FormCheck
static maxLength(maxLength: number) : FormCheck
static min(min: number) : FormCheck
static minLength(minLength: number) : FormCheck
static regex(regex: RegExp) : FormCheck
static required(value: any) : boolean | array
Description
FormChecks are functions that run any time an onBlur or onChange event fires for a FormField to check the input's validity.
They either return false, for no error, or an array containing the name of the error and any additional information that may be useful (e.g. the length of the input value).
The FormCheck class provides a number of common validation checks, but it is also possible to write your own FormChecks.
email( )
Checks if value is in a valid email address format
static email(value: string) : boolean | array
Example:
<FormField formCheck={[FormCheck.email]}/>
max( )
Checks if value less than or equal to max
static max(max: number) : FormCheck
Example:
<FormField formCheck={[FormCheck.max(3)]}/>
maxLength( )
Checks if value's length is less than or equal to maxLength
static maxLength(maxLength: number) : FormCheck
Example:
<FormField formCheck={[FormCheck.maxLength(3)]}/>
min( )
Checks if value is greater than or equal to min
static min(min: number) : FormCheck
Example:
<FormField formCheck={[FormCheck.min(3)]}/>
minLength( )
Checks if value's length is greater than or equal to minLength
static minLength(minLength: number) : FormCheck
Example:
<FormField formCheck={[FormCheck.minLength(3)]}/>
regex( )
Checks if value passes regex.test()
static regex(regex: RegExp) : FormCheck
Example:
<FormField formCheck={[FormCheck.regex(new RegExp(/abc/))]}/>
required( )
Checks if any value other than whitespace exists
static required(value: any) : boolean | array
Example:
<FormField formCheck={[FormCheck.required]}/>
Custom FormCheck Functions
Write your own FormCheck functions
The function must accept at least one argument: the input value that is automatically passed to the function when the FormCheck runs.
The function should return false if the value passes the validator; otherwise it should return an array with the first value being a string for the name of the error and the second being whatever information about the error you want returned.
Example
yourFormCheckFunc(inputValue) { return (inputValue > 10) ? false : ['tooSmall', true]}
Example
yourFormCheckFunc(max) { return (inputValue) => inputValue < max ? false : ['tooBig', { max: max, actual: inputValue }]}


ACC git-demo
Here are the people that have successfully completed this lab:
Steve
Maximus Banana
Milton's here
Dylan
MonserrateV
Jen
Nick
Trish
The Patrick Gorman


Your application has already been received
According to our records, you’ve already applied to get your State Pension.
You do not need to do anything. Your claim is currently being processed and you will either receive details about your pension or we will contact you for further information.


This guide explains how to set up your Angular project to begin using Angular Material. It includes information on prerequisites, installing Angular Material, and optionally displaying a sample Material component in your application to verify your setup.
Angular Resources
If you are new to Angular or getting started with a new Angular application, see Angular's full Getting Started Guide and Setting up your environment.
For existing applications, follow the steps below to begin using Angular Material.
Use the Angular CLI's installation schematic to set up your Angular Material project by running the following command:
ng add @angular/material
The ng add
command will install Angular Material, the
Component Dev Kit (CDK),
Angular Animations and ask you the following questions to
determine which features to include:
Choose a prebuilt theme name, or "custom" for a custom theme:
You can choose from prebuilt material design themes or set up an extensible custom theme.
Set up global Angular Material typography styles:
Whether to apply the global typography styles to your application.
Set up browser animations for Angular Material:
Importing the BrowserAnimationsModule
into your application enables Angular's animation system. Declining this will disable most of Angular Material's animations.
The ng add
command will additionally perform the following actions:
package.json
index.html
index.html
body
height: 100%
on html
and body
You're done! Angular Material is now configured to be used in your application.
Let's display a slide toggle component in your app and verify that everything works.
You need to import the MatSlideToggleModule
that you want to display by adding the following lines to
your app.module.ts
file.
import { MatSlideToggleModule } from '@angular/material/slide-toggle';
@NgModule ({
imports: [
MatSlideToggleModule,
]
})
class AppModule {}
Add the <mat-slide-toggle>
tag to the app.component.html
like so:
<mat-slide-toggle>Toggle me!</mat-slide-toggle>
Run your local dev server:
ng serve
Then point your browser to http://localhost:4200
You should see the Material slide toggle component on the page.
In addition to the installation schematic, Angular Material comes with several other schematics (like nav, table, address-form, etc.) that can be used to easily generate pre-built components in your application.


| THE INTERNET PLASMA PHYSICS EDUCATION EXPERIENCE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
In this second module, you will examine the relationship between the total
input power and output fusion power and determine the efficiency for both deuterium-only plasmas
and plasmas that are equal
parts deuterium and tritium. All plasmas are in low mode confinement.
As part of this process
you will first need to analyze a variety of graphs to determine the best
time at which all plasmas should be evaluated.
|
| Deuterium only | Deuterium-Tritium |
|---|---|
| 88603 | 88898 |
| 88597 | 88896 |
| 88578 | 88865 |
| 88574 | 88742 |
Step 1
Input all of the deuterium only shots and plot Energy Confinement Time and Stored Energy. Looking at both graphs, can you identify the time interval during which there is an increased level of Stored Energy in the plasma? Notice that this time interval corresponds to a relatively flat line on the Energy Confinement Time graph.
Step 2
For the same shots, plot Energy Confinement Time and some of the other input data types (e.g. Plasma Current, Beam Power, Total Input Power, Central Electron Density, Toroidal Magnetic Field). Looking at these graphs, try to narrow down the time interval you identified in Step 1. Try to identify a specific time at which data on all or most of the graphs looks good. Remember, only the total input power is supposed to increase in each shot. You want to choose a time where all other input parameters are approximately equal.Step 3
Using just the deuterium shots, plot Energy Confinement Time and Output Fusion Power. Identify two shot numbers that produce the most and least amounts of fusion power at the specific time you have selected. Record the time and the shot numbers in the Data Table below.
Step 4
Using only these two shots, look at Total Input Power and Output Fusion Power for the specific time you have selected (you may want to change the time interval when you plot the graphs to get a closer look at the graphs). What is the maximum power output for each of your deuterium shots at that time? What is the corresponding input power at that time? Calculate the efficiencies for each of your shots (ratio of power output to power input). Enter your data and calculated efficiencies in the Data Table below. Then calculate the average efficiency and enter that also.Step 5
Repeat steps 2-4 using just the deuterium-tritium shots. Enter your data and calculated efficiencies in the table below.
Record your data here. This table is to help you keep track of your data
and calculations. It will not be submitted. You can enter any number, text,
or special characters.
| Plasma | Time (sec) | Shot Number | Output Power (MW) | Input Power (MW) | Efficiency (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deuterium | ||||||
| Avg Efficiency | ||||||
| Deuterium-Tritium | ||||||
| Avg Efficiency |
home - about fusion - interactive physics - ask a physicist - virtual tokamak
Copyright © 2001 IPPEX ONLINE
all rights reserved.


Across
1)
He is the masculine gender of lady.
gentleman
2)
I am somthing on which toothpaste is put.
toothbrush
3)
The backspace key on the
keyboard
is not working.
4)
The guest wants one
teaspoon
of sugar in his coffee.
Down
1)
I am a green colour insect and I hop about in grass.
grasshopper
2)
Jim wrote the math sum in his
notebook
.
3)
Does
anybody
know the answer to this question?
4)
The car can go upto 100 km/hr on the
highway
.


Meeting the challenges facing fisheries climate risk insurance
| Source: | University of Exeter |
| Summary: | Insurance schemes with the potential to improve the resilience of global fisheries face a host of future challenges, researchers say. |
Insurance schemes with the potential to improve the resilience of global fisheries face a host of future challenges, researchers say.
The world's first "Fisheries Index Insurance" scheme, launched by an international consortium in July, is a sovereign-level instrument designed to protect Caribbean fishing communities from extreme weather events which may become more frequent and intense due to climate change.
The team of scientists from the University of Exeter and Centre for Fisheries, Environment and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) today publish a letter in Nature Climate Change highlighting the challenges of extending climate risk insurance from agriculture to fisheries.
The lead author, Nigel Sainsbury, from the University of Exeter, said: "Climate risk insurance can help people and businesses involved in fisheries bounce back faster from extreme weather events, but it is important that this doesn't lead to less sustainable fishing outcomes and that more marginalised groups, particularly unregistered fishers and women involved in fisheries, don't miss out on payments."
The new insurance system may enable fishers to make decisions to postpone fishing in extreme weather, rather than risk a dangerous trip.
It can also help them to replace and repair fishing boats, gear, tools and infrastructure destroyed or damaged by storms much more rapidly. Sainsbury added: "Extreme weather poses a direct threat to the lives of fishers and daily production, so the design of climate risk insurance needs to reflect this.
"Policymakers cannot rely solely on climate risk insurance in their climate adaptation plans.
"It must be complemented by adaptations actions in coastal ecosystems, such as the protection of mangroves, establishing pre-storm preparation plans and investment in less vulnerable fishing boats and gear."
The Caribbean Ocean and Aquaculture Sustainability faciliTy (COAST) unlocks insurance pay-outs to a pre-determined list of people and organisations involved in the fishing industry if an extreme weather event occurs and causes a set of environmental indicators — wave height, rainfall, wind speed and storm surge — to exceed pre-set thresholds.
COAST has been launched in St Lucia and Grenada. It is funded by the US State Department and relies on the specialist capabilities of the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF SPC) and The World Bank.
make a difference: sponsored opportunity
Story Source:
Materials provided by University of Exeter.
Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
- Nigel C. Sainsbury, Rachel A. Turner, Bryony L. Townhill, Stephen C. Mangi, John K. Pinnegar. The challenges of extending climate risk insurance to fisheries. Nature Climate Change, 2019; DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0645-z
Cite This Page:
| MLA | University of Exeter. "Meeting the challenges facing fisheries climate risk insurance." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 November 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191125120939.htm>. |
| APA | University of Exeter. (2019, November 25). Meeting the challenges facing fisheries climate risk insurance. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 25, 2019 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191125120939.htm |
| Chicago | University of Exeter. "Meeting the challenges facing fisheries climate risk insurance." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191125120939.htm (accessed November 25, 2019). |


To include this driver in your application project, you need to include it on your classpath. The driver is available in Maven Central, and can be included in regular Maven projects as follows:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.neo4j.driver</groupId>
<artifactId>neo4j-java-driver</artifactId>
<version>2.2-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
Once you have the driver and a connector on your classpath, you can establish a session with Neo4j. Below is a minimum viable snippet that establishes a session, creates a node, and queries for that node back.
Session session = Neo4j.session( "neo4j+http://localhost:7687" );
String statement = "CREATE (a {name:{n}}) RETURN a.name";
Map<String, Object> parameters = Neo4j.parameters( "n", "Bob" );
Result result = session.run( statement, parameters );
while ( result.hasNext() )
{
Value row = result.next();
System.out.println( row.get( "a.name" ) );
}
session.close();
Neo4j
class to get
started.
The main philosophy on which this driver is build is that the driver shouldn't get in the way. Generally this means designing for least amount of surprise - but in some cases it means choosing a strong stance against routes that lead to surprising behavior later on.


Let us know how we can improve freeCodeCamp
Things that should be improved in the future (Check all that apply):


@(genericTypes: Seq[GenericType], genericTypeTermForm: Form[GenericTypeTerm])(implicit messages: Messages) @expressionTerms("Creating a new generic type term", "genericTypeTerms") {


Power went out for miles around yesterday. Painting didn't get finished but friends came for sandwiches by candlelight. Strange and cool.
3/16/2009, 9:07:02 AM
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Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
Power went out for miles around yesterday. Painting didn't get finished but friends came for sandwiches by candlelight. Strange and cool.
3/16/2009, 9:07:02 AM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


Custom Functions
Notes: This idea basically comes from hcl2/ext/userfunc at master · hashicorp/hcl2
What’s custom functions?
The custom function feature is like an user-defined functions. You can freely define functions that Stein doesn’t provide as a built-in function.
Of course you can define it freely, so you can customize it by wrapping a built-in function, or you can use it like an alias.
Why need custom functions?
Stein functions as a versatile testing framework for configuration files such as YAML. Stein therefore doesn’t provide a function only to achieve a specific company’s use case or purpose. However, there will be many cases in which you want to do it. This custom function feature covers that.
Usage
This HCL extension allows a calling application to support user-defined functions.
Functions are defined via a specific block type, like this:
function "add" {
params = [a, b]
result = a + b
}
function "list" {
params = []
variadic_param = items
result = items
}
Predefined keywords to be used in function
block is:
params
: Arguments for the function.variadic_param
: Variable-length argument list. It can be omitted.result
: Return value. It can take not only just string but also other functions, variables, etc.
Examples
function "remove_ext" {
params = [file]
result = replace(basename(file), ext(file), "")
}
# "${remove_ext("/path/to/secret.txt")}" => secret
variable "shortened_environment" {
description = "Shortened environment, such as prod, dev"
type = "map"
default = {
production = "prod"
development = "dev"
laboratory = "lab"
}
}
function "shorten_env" {
params = [env]
result = lookup(var.shortened_environment, env)
}
# ${shorten_env("development")} => dev


Christian Kahle
Home
About Me
Github
Raytracing
Home
About Me
Github
Raytracing
menu
Quaternion Rotations
Image courtesy of Wikipedia.


Big Press for a Small Product
Marketing wanted to feature all the press related to Eye Oasis. At first, I thought it was too much, but after deciding to embrace the challenge I came to the idea of mimicing a broadsheet. The mass of reviews becomes a wall paper and the denisity illustrates all the press the product received.
Putting a Face to Facial Care
With a wide range of products, well curated opinions can help with a decision. In addition to honest reviews, the headshots put a face to the company and adds some personality that helps connect with the consumer.
Tips & Texture
Caring for your skin is a senual experience. Emphasizing the textures of the products helps communicate the feel of the process of each step, while educating the consumer as well.
Matching a Concern to the Right Ingredient
Each person has their own unique skin concern. This email emphasizes each products unique ingredient and how it address’ the skin condition.


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DIT TRAVEL
Welcome to our site! Our aim is to provide students with information regarding travel to different countries and the sights that await them. Please choose a link on the left to travel to main site!
DIT TRAVEL
| ⓒ DIT Travel 2014 | | | Terms & Conditions | | | FAQs | | | Feedback | | | Contact | | | D.I.T |


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java.lang.Object ch.ethz.ssh2.sftp.AttribBits
SFTP Attribute Bits for the "attrib-bits" and "attrib-bits-valid" fields of the SFTP ATTR data type.
Yes, these are the "attrib-bits", even though they have "_FLAGS_" in their name. Don't ask - I did not invent it.
"These fields, taken together, reflect various attributes of the file or directory, on the server. Bits not set in 'attrib-bits-valid' MUST be ignored in the 'attrib-bits' field. This allows both the server and the client to communicate only the bits it knows about without inadvertently twiddling bits they don't understand."
| Field Summary | |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_APPEND_ONLY
Opening the file without either the SSH_FXF_ACCESS_APPEND_DATA or the SSH_FXF_ACCESS_APPEND_DATA_ATOMIC flag (see section <IP_ADDRESS> of the SFTP standard draft) MUST result in an SSH_FX_INVALID_PARAMETER error. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_ARCHIVE
The file should be included in backup / archive operations. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_CASE_INSENSITIVE
This attribute applies only to directories. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_COMPRESSED
The file is stored on disk using file-system level transparent compression. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_ENCRYPTED
The file is stored on disk using file-system level transparent encryption. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_HIDDEN
File SHOULD NOT be shown to user unless specifically requested. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_IMMUTABLE
The file cannot be deleted or renamed, no hard link can be created to this file, and no data can be written to the file. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_READONLY
Advisory, read-only bit. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_SPARSE
The file is a sparse file; this means that file blocks that have not been explicitly written are not stored on disk. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_SYNC
When the file is modified, the changes are written synchronously to the disk. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_SYSTEM
The file is part of the operating system. |
static int |
SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_TRANSLATION_ERR
The server MAY include this bit in a directory listing or realpath response. |
| Constructor Summary | |
AttribBits()
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| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_READONLY
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_SYSTEM
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_HIDDEN
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_CASE_INSENSITIVE
It is recommended that where possible, the server's filesystem be allowed to do comparisons. For example, if a client wished to prompt a user before overwriting a file, it should not compare the new name with the previously retrieved list of names in the directory. Rather, it should first try to create the new file by specifying SSH_FXF_CREATE_NEW flag. Then, if this fails and returns SSH_FX_FILE_ALREADY_EXISTS, it should prompt the user and then retry the create specifying SSH_FXF_CREATE_TRUNCATE.
Unless otherwise specified, filenames are assumed to be case sensitive.
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_ARCHIVE
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_ENCRYPTED
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_COMPRESSED
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_SPARSE
Some servers may store all files as sparse files, in which case this bit will be unconditionally set. Other servers may not have a mechanism for determining if the file is sparse, and so the file MAY be stored sparse even if this flag is not set.
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_APPEND_ONLY
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_IMMUTABLE
This bit implies a stronger level of protection than SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_READONLY, the file permission mask or ACLs. Typically even the superuser cannot write to immutable files, and only the superuser can set or remove the bit.
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_SYNC
public static final int SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_FLAGS_TRANSLATION_ERR
| Constructor Detail |
public AttribBits()
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The concat() method is used to merge (concatenate) arrays:
The concat() method does not change the existing arrays. It always returns a new array. The concat() method can take any number of array arguments:
The concat() method can also merge values to arrays:
The slice() method slices out a piece of an array into a new array.
This example slices out a part of an array starting from array element 1 ("Orange"):
The slice() method creates a new array. It does not remove any elements from the source array. This example slices out a part of an array starting from array element 3 ("Apple"):
The slice() method can take two arguments like slice(1, 3). The method then selects elements from the start argument, and up to (but not including) the end argument:
If the end argument is omitted, like in the first examples, the slice() method slices out the rest of the array:
JavaScript automatically converts an array to a comma separated string when a primitive value is expected.
The toString() method returns an array as a comma separated string:
JavaScript automatically converts an array to a comma separated string when a simple value is expected:


1. Is there any person from your family traveled internationally recently?
2. If any of your family members had used public transport recently?
3. If you or someone from your family come in close contact with a confirmed covid 19 recently?
4. If you came in close contact with someone one having cough cold fever and shortness of breath recently?
5. If anyone in your family is doctor , police or doing any othersocial jobs during lockdown days & have a close contact with you ?
6. If you or anyone from your family aren't using masks or glovesat the time of buying essential comodities like food and washinghand, face & legs properly after reaching home?


WELCOME
TO DELANI STUDIO
AMAZING PEOPLE ARE MAKING FUN DESIGNS IN AN AMAZING ENVIRONMENT
ABOUT US
When you work with us, you are part of a team of committed collaborators. All aspects of our software developmetn process are integrated, interactive and agile
Our approach unifies design, development and product management to create exceptional products.
We start each project by understanding your business goals, the user's needs and the product requirements
Then we help translate them into effective and elegant solutions.
SERVICES
Before we sign a contract or write a line of code for our team will spend the necessary time needed to understand your product vision.
The outcome of this scoping session is proposal or high-level statement of work.
based on your requirements, we can provide a complete offering or just the pieces that you need.
WHAT WE DO
DESIGN
DESIGN
Our design practice offers a full range of services including brand strategy, interaction and visual design and user experience testing.
Throughout your project our designers create and implement virtual design and workflows, solicit user feedback and work with you to make sure what gets built is what is needed.
DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT
All engineers are fluent in the latest enterprise, mobile and web development technologies.
They collaborate with your team to write, and improve code on a daily basis, using proven practices such as test-driven devlopment and pair programming.
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT
Planning and development is iterative. Becasue we are constantly coding and testing, the products we build are always ready to go live.
This iterative process allows for changes as business requirements evolve.
PORTFOLIO
CONTACT US


main page — COMP 335 Communicating Computer Science
Unit 1: National Curriculum in Computing
This unit covers:
- the UK educational system
- the National Curriculum in Computing
- the Widening Participation agenda
Learning outcomes
- Be able to summarize learning outcomes from the National Curriculum in Computing at different key stages.
- Be able to explain the relevance of computer science as a discipline for every child.
- Be able to discuss strategies for improving inclusivity and diversity.
Pre-session task
Watch the recap part (1:55 – 17:28) of the 2018 talk below by Simon Peyton Jones, one of the key architects of the National Curriculum in Computing, and answer the following guiding questions on Slido:
- What is Simon Peyton Jones’s (SPJ) definition of computer science?
CS is the study of … - What are the reasons (according to SPJ) for teaching CS to every child?
- What “myths” does SPJ discuss in (the part of) his talk?
- Name one example (from the video or not) that teaches a concept or idea as opposed to a skill or technique/technology.
Material
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Video (2022-10-07): English school system, Computing in NC, Computing topics in KS 3, Widening participation agenda
Further resources
There are several resources listed on the slides; check those first:
There are now two reference implementations of the National Curriculum in Computing:
Here are some more for a wider context.
- Down-to-earth summary of UK School System by YouTubers Joel & Lia.
- Dom’s Map of Computer Science (video, pic) gives a nice graphic overview of the subfields of CS.
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Simon Peyton Jones’ TEDx talk about the NC in Computing from 2014; content is similar to the newer video above; maybe of historical interest mostly.
- University of Liverpool Access and Participation Plan


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