Extensions to MEL that leverage template meta programming to implement efficient Deep Copy Semantics. More...
Enumerations | |
| enum | MEL::Deep::Message::Mode { MEL::Deep::Message::Mode::P2P = 0x1, MEL::Deep::Message::Mode::Collective = 0x2, MEL::Deep::Message::Mode::File = 0x4 } |
| Internal flags for tracking which deep operation is being performed. More... | |
Functions | |
| bool | MEL::Deep::Message::isBuffered () const |
| Is the message representing a buffered operation? More... | |
| bool | MEL::Deep::Message::isCollective () const |
| Is the message representing a collective operation? More... | |
| bool | MEL::Deep::Message::isP2P () const |
| Is the message representing a point-2-point operation? More... | |
| bool | MEL::Deep::Message::isFile () const |
| Is the message representing a file access operation? More... | |
| bool | MEL::Deep::Message::isSource () const |
| Is the local process the sender? More... | |
| bool | MEL::Deep::Message::hasBuffer () const |
| Does the message currently have a buffer attached. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::BufferVar (T &obj) |
| Add a non-deep object reference to the the messages buffer. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::BufferPtr (T *&ptr, int len) |
| Add a non-deep array to the the messages buffer. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | MEL::Deep::Message::CheckPointerCache (T *&ptr) |
| Check if a pointer is currently in the map of shared pointer. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::CachePointer (T *oldPtr, T *ptr) |
| Insert a pointer into map of shared pointers. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::GetCachedPointer (T *&ptr) |
| Replace the value of the given pointer with the value mapped to it in the shared pointer map. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::SendAlloc (T *&src, int len) |
| Send an array to the receiving process where it will need to be allocated, or if the message is buffered pack the array into the buffer. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::RecvAlloc (T *&dst, int len) |
| Receive an array from the sending process, or if the message is buffered unpack the array from the buffer. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::WriteAlloc (T *&src, int len) |
| Write an array to file, or if the message is buffered pack the array into the buffer. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::ReadAlloc (T *&dst, int len) |
| Read an array from file, or if the message is buffered unpack the array from the buffer. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::BcastAlloc (T *&buf, int len) |
| Broadcast an array, or if the message is buffered pack/unpack the array to/from the buffer. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::Transport (T &obj) |
| Abstract the transportation of a non-deep object reference by whatever means the message is using. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::Transport (T *ptr, int len) |
| Abstract the transportation of a non-deep object array by whatever means the message is using. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::TransportAlloc (T *&ptr, int len) |
| Abstract the transportation of a non-deep object array by whatever means the message is using. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep< T > | MEL::Deep::Message::packVar (T &obj) |
| Transport a deep object reference. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_not_deep< T > | MEL::Deep::Message::packPtr (T *&ptr, int len=1) |
| Transport an array by its contiguous footprint in memory. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_not_deep< T > | MEL::Deep::Message::packSharedPtr (T *&ptr, int len=1) |
| Transport a (potentially shared) array by its contiguous footprint in memory. More... | |
| void | MEL::Deep::Message::packSTL (std::string &obj) |
| Transport a std::string. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_not_deep< T > | MEL::Deep::Message::packSTL (std::vector< T > &obj) |
| Transport a std::vector. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_not_deep< T > | MEL::Deep::Message::packSTL (std::list< T > &obj) |
| Transport a std::list. More... | |
| Message & | MEL::Deep::Message::operator& (std::string &obj) |
| Transport a std::string. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| Message & | MEL::Deep::Message::operator& (std::vector< T > &obj) |
| Transport a deep/non-deep std::vector. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| Message & | MEL::Deep::Message::operator& (std::list< T > &obj) |
| Transport a deep/non-deep std::list. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| Message & | MEL::Deep::Message::operator& (T &obj) |
| Transport a deep/non-deep object reference. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T, int > | MEL::Deep::BufferSize (T &obj) |
| Compute the buffer size needed to transport a deep object reference. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T, int > | MEL::Deep::BufferSize (T &ptr, const int len) |
| Compute the buffer size needed to transport a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep variables. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::Send (T &obj, const int dst, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Send a deep object reference. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::Send (T &ptr, const int len, const int dst, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Send a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedSend (T &obj, const int dst, const int tag, const Comm &comm, const int bufferSize) |
| Send a deep object reference using a buffered send. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedSend (T &obj, const int dst, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Send a deep object reference using a buffered send. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedSend (T &ptr, const int len, const int dst, const int tag, const Comm &comm, const int bufferSize) |
| Send a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects using a buffered send. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedSend (T &ptr, const int len, const int dst, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Send a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects using a buffered send. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::Recv (T &obj, const int src, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Receive a deep object reference. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::Recv (T &ptr, int &len, const int src, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Receive a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::Recv (T &ptr, const int len, const int src, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Receive a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedRecv (T &obj, const int src, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Receive a deep object reference using a buffered receive. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedRecv (T &ptr, int &len, const int src, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Receive a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects using a buffered receive. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedRecv (T &ptr, const int len, const int src, const int tag, const Comm &comm) |
| Receive a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects using a buffered receive. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::Bcast (T &obj, const int root, const Comm &comm) |
| Broadcast a deep object reference. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::Bcast (T &ptr, const int len, const int root, const Comm &comm) |
| Broadcast a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::Bcast (T &ptr, int &len, const int root, const Comm &comm) |
| Broadcast a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedBcast (T &obj, const int root, const Comm &comm, const int bufferSize) |
| Broadcast a deep object reference using a buffered broadcast. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedBcast (T &obj, const int root, const Comm &comm) |
| Broadcast a deep object reference using a buffered broadcast. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedBcast (T &ptr, int &len, const int root, const Comm &comm, const int bufferSize) |
| Broadcast a pointer to a deep/non-deep object using a buffered broadcast. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedBcast (T &ptr, int &len, const int root, const Comm &comm) |
| Broadcast a pointer to a deep/non-deep object using a buffered broadcast. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedBcast (T &ptr, const int len, const int root, const Comm &comm, const int bufferSize) |
| Broadcast a pointer to a deep/non-deep object using a buffered broadcast. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedBcast (T &ptr, const int len, const int root, const Comm &comm) |
| Broadcast a pointer to a deep/non-deep object using a buffered broadcast. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::FileWrite (T &obj, MEL::File &file) |
| Write a deep object reference to file. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::FileWrite (T &ptr, const int len, MEL::File &file) |
| Write a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileWrite (T &obj, MEL::File &file, const int bufferSize) |
| Write a deep object reference to file using a buffered write. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileWrite (T &obj, MEL::File &file) |
| Write a deep object reference to file using a buffered write. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileWrite (T &ptr, const int len, MEL::File &file, const int bufferSize) |
| Write a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered write. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileWrite (T &ptr, const int len, MEL::File &file) |
| Write a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered write. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::FileRead (T &obj, MEL::File &file) |
| Read a deep object reference from file. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::FileRead (T &ptr, const int len, MEL::File &file) |
| Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects from file. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::FileRead (T &ptr, int &len, MEL::File &file) |
| Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects from file. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileRead (T &obj, MEL::File &file, const int buffersize) |
| Read a deep object reference to file using a buffered read. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_deep_not_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileRead (T &obj, MEL::File &file) |
| Read a deep object reference to file using a buffered read. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileRead (T &ptr, const int len, MEL::File &file, const int buffersize) |
| Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered read. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileRead (T &ptr, const int len, MEL::File &file) |
| Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered read. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileRead (T &ptr, int &len, MEL::File &file, const int buffersize) |
| Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered read. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| enable_if_pointer< T > | MEL::Deep::BufferedFileRead (T &ptr, int &len, MEL::File &file) |
| Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered read. More... | |
Detailed Description
Extensions to MEL that leverage template meta programming to implement efficient Deep Copy Semantics.
Algorithm discussed in the paper "Implementing Generalized Deep Copy in MPI," Joss Whittle, Rita Borgo, Mark Jones, EuroMPI 2016 (Currently under review).
Enumeration Type Documentation
|
strong |
Function Documentation
|
inlineprivate |
Is the message representing a buffered operation?
- Returns
- Returns true if the message object represents a buffered operation
|
inlineprivate |
Is the message representing a collective operation?
- Returns
- Returns true if the message object represents a collective operation
|
inlineprivate |
Is the message representing a point-2-point operation?
- Returns
- Returns true if the message object represents a point-2-point operation
|
inlineprivate |
Is the message representing a file access operation?
- Returns
- Returns true if the message object represents a file access operation
|
inlineprivate |
Is the local process the sender?
- Returns
- Returns true if the local process is the sender
|
inlineprivate |
Does the message currently have a buffer attached.
- Returns
- Returns true if the message has an allocated internal buffer
|
inlineprivate |
Add a non-deep object reference to the the messages buffer.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The object reference to put/get from the buffer
|
inlineprivate |
Add a non-deep array to the the messages buffer.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr The pointer to the array to put/get from the buffer [in] len The number of elements to put/get
|
inlineprivate |
Check if a pointer is currently in the map of shared pointer.
- Parameters
-
[in] ptr The pointer to the array to check
- Returns
- Returns true if the pointer is already in the map
|
inlineprivate |
Insert a pointer into map of shared pointers.
- Parameters
-
[in] oldPtr The old "dangling" pointer [in] ptr The newly allocated pointer
|
inlineprivate |
Replace the value of the given pointer with the value mapped to it in the shared pointer map.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr The old "dangling" pointer to be modified
|
inlineprivate |
Send an array to the receiving process where it will need to be allocated, or if the message is buffered pack the array into the buffer.
- Parameters
-
[in] src The pointer to the array to send [in] len The number of elements to send
|
inlineprivate |
Receive an array from the sending process, or if the message is buffered unpack the array from the buffer.
An allocation will be made before receiving the data
- Parameters
-
[out] dst The pointer to the array to receive [in] len The number of elements to receive
|
inlineprivate |
Write an array to file, or if the message is buffered pack the array into the buffer.
- Parameters
-
[in] src The pointer to the array to write [in] len The number of elements to write
|
inlineprivate |
Read an array from file, or if the message is buffered unpack the array from the buffer.
An allocation will be made before receiving the data
- Parameters
-
[out] dst The pointer to the array to read [in] len The number of elements to read
|
inlineprivate |
Broadcast an array, or if the message is buffered pack/unpack the array to/from the buffer.
An allocation will be made before receiving the data
- Parameters
-
[in,out] buf The pointer to the array to broadcast [in] len The number of elements to broadcast
|
inlineprivate |
Abstract the transportation of a non-deep object reference by whatever means the message is using.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The object to be transported
|
inlineprivate |
Abstract the transportation of a non-deep object array by whatever means the message is using.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the array to be transported [in] len The number of elements to transport
|
inlineprivate |
Abstract the transportation of a non-deep object array by whatever means the message is using.
Allocations will be made before receiving the data
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the array to be transported [in] len The number of elements to transport
|
inline |
Transport a deep object reference.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj Pointer to the array to be transported
|
inline |
Transport an array by its contiguous footprint in memory.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the array to be transported [in] len The number of elements to transport
|
inline |
Transport a (potentially shared) array by its contiguous footprint in memory.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the array to be transported [in] len The number of elements to transport
|
inline |
Transport a std::string.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The std::string to transport
|
inline |
Transport a std::vector.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The std::vector to transport
|
inline |
Transport a std::list.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The std::list to transport
|
inline |
Transport a std::string.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The std::string to transport
|
inline |
Transport a deep/non-deep std::vector.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The std::vector to transport
|
inline |
Transport a deep/non-deep std::list.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The std::list to transport
|
inline |
Transport a deep/non-deep object reference.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The object to transport
|
inline |
Compute the buffer size needed to transport a deep object reference.
- Parameters
-
[in] obj The deep object to transport
|
inline |
Compute the buffer size needed to transport a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep variables.
- Parameters
-
[in] ptr Pointer to the array to be transported [in] len The number of elements to be transported
|
inline |
Send a deep object reference.
- Parameters
-
[in] obj The deep object to transport [in] dst The rank of the destination process [in] tag The message tag to send with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Send a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects.
- Parameters
-
[in] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to send [in] dst The rank of the destination process [in] tag The message tag to send with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Send a deep object reference using a buffered send.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[in] obj The deep object to transport [in] dst The rank of the destination process [in] tag The message tag to send with [in] comm The comm world to transport within [in] bufferSize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Send a deep object reference using a buffered send.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[in] obj The deep object to transport [in] dst The rank of the destination process [in] tag The message tag to send with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Send a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects using a buffered send.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[in] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to send [in] dst The rank of the destination process [in] tag The message tag to send with [in] comm The comm world to transport within [in] bufferSize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Send a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects using a buffered send.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[in] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to send [in] dst The rank of the destination process [in] tag The message tag to send with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Receive a deep object reference.
- Parameters
-
[out] obj The deep object to transport [in] src The rank of the source process [in] tag The message tag to receive with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Receive a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects.
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [out] len The number of elements that were received [in] src The rank of the source process [in] tag The message tag to receive with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Receive a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects.
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to receive [in] src The rank of the source process [in] tag The message tag to receive with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Receive a deep object reference using a buffered receive.
Buffersize determined by probing the incoming message
- Parameters
-
[out] obj The deep object to transport [in] src The rank of the source process [in] tag The message tag to receive with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Receive a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects using a buffered receive.
Buffersize determined by probing the incoming message
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of deep/non-deep objects to transport [out] len The number of elements that were received [in] src The rank of the source process [in] tag The message tag to receive with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Receive a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects using a buffered receive.
Buffersize determined by probing the incoming message
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of deep/non-deep objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to receive [in] src The rank of the source process [in] tag The message tag to receive with [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Broadcast a deep object reference.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The deep object to transport [in] root The rank of the source process [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Broadcast a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the array of deep/non-deep objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to broadcast [in] root The rank of the source process [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Broadcast a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects.
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the array of deep/non-deep objects to transport [in,out] len The number of elements to broadcast / that were broadcast [in] root The rank of the source process [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Broadcast a deep object reference using a buffered broadcast.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The deep object to transport [in] root The rank of the source process [in] comm The comm world to transport within [in] bufferSize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Broadcast a deep object reference using a buffered broadcast.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[in,out] obj The deep object to transport [in] root The rank of the source process [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Broadcast a pointer to a deep/non-deep object using a buffered broadcast.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the deep/non-deep object to transport [in,out] len The number of elements to broadcast / that were broadcast [in] root The rank of the source process [in] comm The comm world to transport within [in] bufferSize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Broadcast a pointer to a deep/non-deep object using a buffered broadcast.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the deep/non-deep object to transport [in,out] len The number of elements to broadcast / that were broadcast [in] root The rank of the source process [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Broadcast a pointer to a deep/non-deep object using a buffered broadcast.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the deep/non-deep object to transport [in] len The number of elements to broadcast [in] root The rank of the source process [in] comm The comm world to transport within [in] bufferSize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Broadcast a pointer to a deep/non-deep object using a buffered broadcast.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[in,out] ptr Pointer to the deep/non-deep object to transport [in] len The number of elements to broadcast [in] root The rank of the source process [in] comm The comm world to transport within
|
inline |
Write a deep object reference to file.
- Parameters
-
[in] obj The deep object to transport [in] file The file to write to
|
inline |
Write a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file.
- Parameters
-
[in] ptr Pointer to the array of deep/non-deep objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to write [in] file The file to write to
|
inline |
Write a deep object reference to file using a buffered write.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[in] obj The deep object to transport [in] file The file to write to [in] bufferSize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Write a deep object reference to file using a buffered write.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[in] obj The deep object to transport [in] file The file to write to
|
inline |
Write a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered write.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[in] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to write [in] file The file to write to [in] bufferSize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Write a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered write.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[in] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to write [in] file The file to write to
|
inline |
Read a deep object reference from file.
- Parameters
-
[out] obj The deep object to transport [in] file The file to read from
|
inline |
Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects from file.
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of deep/non-deep objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to read [in] file The file to read from
|
inline |
Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects from file.
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of deep/non-deep objects to transport [out] len The number of elements that were read [in] file The file to read from
|
inline |
Read a deep object reference to file using a buffered read.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[out] obj The deep object to transport [in] file The file to read from [in] buffersize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Read a deep object reference to file using a buffered read.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[out] obj The deep object to transport [in] file The file to read from
|
inline |
Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered read.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to read [in] file The file to read from [in] buffersize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered read.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [in] len The number of elements to read [in] file The file to read from
|
inline |
Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered read.
Buffersize must be calculated ahead of time
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [out] len The number of elements that were read [in] file The file to read from [in] buffersize The buffer size needed to pack the entire structure contiguously
|
inline |
Read a pointer to an array of deep/non-deep objects to file using a buffered read.
Buffersize is calculated before transport
- Parameters
-
[out] ptr Pointer to the array of objects to transport [out] len The number of elements that were read [in] file The file to read from


The extracted text from the image above is: {{ extracted_text }}
{% endif %}This platform can be used in verifying job invitatations. The company sentiment analysis
scrapes through nairaland comments and runs an analysis on what people are saying about the company
The address verifier makes use of googlemaps api in verifying address.
The invitation text checker checks for grammatical errors in the invitation sent by the company
We also have a Document OCR(Optical Character Recognition) which can scan a picture and extract the text
in the
picture.
There is a Confidence checker but this can only be accessed after running the Company
Analysis,
Address Verification and Invitation text checker.


What are we getting into?
Dinner
Movie
Park
Bar
Club
Sports
Let's Go Hunting
Options
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
Itenerary
2
Arts Center Station
Red line south
next train in 12min
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Arts Center Station
Green line south
next train in 12min
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Arts Center Station
Gold line south
next train in 12min
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Tummy Sticks
Cypress Street Pint and Place
1:00PM-3:00pm
show on map
0.5
mi
2
Arts Center Station
Blue line south
next train in 12min
show on map
0.5
mi


Duration In Days: {{item.durationInDays}}
Price: {{item.price}} PKR
Total Earning: {{item.totalEarning}} PKR
Daily Ad Count: {{item.dailyAdCount}}
Price Per Ad: {{item.pricePerAd}} PKR
Referral Amount: {{item.referralAmount}} PKR
Minimum Withdraw: {{item.minimumWithdraw}} PKR
Maximum Withdraw: {{item.maximumWithdraw}} PKR


Hello {{name}}, Thanks for taking time and signing up to instagram. Enjoy all proffesional features and extend your socual Network worldwide. Regards.
From: Instagram Team


The Mystery of Cloomber
by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Chapter II: “Of the Strange Manner in Which a Tenant Came to Cloomber”
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1889
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
- Source: Doyle, A. C. (1889). The Mystery of Cloomber.London, England: Ward and Downey.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 9.5
- Word Count: 1,999
- Genre: Mystery
- Keywords: 19th century literature, british literature, mystery, sir arthur conan doyle, the mystery of cloomber
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
Branksome might have appeared a poor dwelling-place when compared with the house of an English squire, but to us, after our long residence in stuffy apartments, it was of regal magnificence.
The building was broad-spread and low, with red-tiled roof, diamond-paned windows, and a profusion of dwelling rooms with smoke-blackened ceilings and oaken wainscots. In front was a small lawn, girt round with a thin fringe of haggard and ill grown beeches, all gnarled and withered from the effects of the sea-spray. Behind lay the scattered hamlet of Branksome-Bere—a dozen cottages at most— inhabited by rude fisher-folk who looked upon the laird as their natural protector.
To the west was the broad, yellow beach and the Irish Sea, while in all other directions the desolate moors, greyish-green in the foreground and purple in the distance, stretched away in long, low curves to the horizon.
Very bleak and lonely it was upon this Wigtown coast. A man might walk many a weary mile and never see a living thing except the white, heavy-flapping kittiwakes, which screamed and cried to each other with their shrill, sad voices.
Very lonely and very bleak! Once out of sight of Branksome and there was no sign of the works of man save only where the high, white tower of Cloomber Hall shot up, like a headstone of some giant grave, from amid the firs and larches which girt it round.
This great house, a mile or more from our dwelling, had been built by a wealthy Glasgow merchant of strange tastes and lonely habits, but at the time of our arrival it had been untenanted for many years, and stood with weather-blotched walls and vacant, staring windows looking blankly out over the hill side.
Empty and mildewed, it served only as a landmark to the fishermen, for they had found by experience that by keeping the laird’s chimney and the white tower of Cloomber in a line they could steer their way through the ugly reef which raises its jagged back, like that of some sleeping monster, above the troubled waters of the wind-swept bay.
To this wild spot it was that Fate had brought my father, my sister, and myself. For us its loneliness had no terrors. After the hubbub and bustle of a great city, and the weary task of upholding appearances upon a slender income, there was a grand, soul-soothing serenity in the long skyline and the eager air. Here at least there was no neighbour to pry and chatter.
The laird had left his phaeton and two ponies behind him, with the aid of which my father and I would go the round of the estate doing such light duties as fall to an agent, or “factor” as it was there called, while our gentle Esther looked to our household needs, and brightened the dark old building.
Such was our simple, uneventful existence, until the summer night when an unlooked-for incident occurred which proved to be the herald of those strange doings which I have taken up my pen to describe.
It had been my habit to pull out of an evening in the laird’s skiff and to catch a few whiting which might serve for our supper. On this well-remembered occasion my sister came with me, sitting with her book in the stern-sheets of the boat, while I hung my lines over the bows.
The sun had sunk down behind the rugged Irish coast, but a long bank of flushed cloud still marked the spot, and cast a glory upon the waters. The whole broad ocean was seamed and scarred with crimson streaks. I had risen in the boat, and was gazing round in delight at the broad panorama of shore and sea and sky, when my sister plucked at my sleeve with a little, sharp cry of surprise.
“See, John,” she cried, “there is a light in Cloomber Tower!”
I turned my head and stared back at the tall, white turret which peeped out above the belt of trees. As I gazed I distinctly saw at one of the windows the glint of a light, which suddenly vanished, and then shone out once more from another higher up. There it flickered for some time, and finally flashed past two successive windows underneath before the trees obscured our view of it. It was clear that some one bearing a lamp or a candle had climbed up the tower stairs and had then returned into the body of the house.
“Who in the world can it be?” I exclaimed, speaking rather to myself than to Esther, for I could see by the surprise upon her face that she had no solution to offer. “Maybe some of the folk from Branksome-Bere have wanted to look over the place.”
My sister shook her head.
“There is not one of them would dare to set foot within the avenue gates,” she said. “Besides, John, the keys are kept by the house-agent at Wigtown. Were they ever so curious, none of our people could find their way in”
portrait of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
When I reflected upon the massive door and ponderous shutters which guarded the lower storey of Cloomber, I could not but admit the force of my sister’s objection. The untimely visitor must either have used considerable violence in order to force his way in, or he must have obtained possession of the keys.
Piqued by the little mystery, I pulled for the beach, with the determination to see for myself who the intruder might be, and what were his intentions. Leaving my sister at Branksome, and summoning Seth Jamieson, an old man-o’-war’s-man and one of the stoutest of the fishermen, I set off across the moor with him through the gathering darkness.
“It hasna a guid name after dark, yon hoose,” remarked my companion, slackening his pace perceptibly as I explained to him the nature of our errand. “It’s no for naething that him wha owns it wunna gang within a Scotch mile o’t.”
“Well, Seth, there is someone who has no fears about going into it,” said I, pointing to the great, white building which flickered up in front of us through the gloom.
The light which I had observed from the sea was moving backwards and forward past the lower floor windows, the shutters of which had been removed. I could now see that a second fainter light followed a few paces behind the other. Evidently two individuals, the one with a lamp and the other with a candle or rushlight, were making a careful examination of tile building.
“Let ilka man blaw his ain parritch,” said Seth Jamieson doggedly, coming to a dead stop. “What is it tae us if a wraith or a bogle minds tae tak’ a fancy tae Cloomber? It’s no canny tae meddle wi’ such things.”
“Why, man,” I cried, “you don’t suppose a wraith came here in a gig? What are those lights away yonder by the avenue gates?”
“The lamps o’ a gig, sure enough!” exclaimed my companion in a less lugubrious voice. “Let’s steer for it, Master West, and speer where she hails frae.”
By this time night had closed in save for a single long, narrow slit in the westward. Stumbling across the moor together, we made our way into the Wigtown Road, at the point where the high stone pillars mark the entrance to the Cloomber avenue.
“It’s a’ richt!” said Jamieson, taking a close look at the deserted vehicle. “I ken it weel. It belongs tae Maister McNeil, the factor body frae Wigtown—him wha keeps the keys.”
“Then we may as well have speech with him now that we are here,” I answered. “They are coming down, if I am not mistaken.”
As I spoke we heard the slam of the heavy door and within a few minutes two figures, the one tall and angular, the other short and thick came towards us through the darkness. They were talking so earnestly that they did not observe us until they had passed through the avenue gate.
“Good evening, Mr. McNeil,” said I, stepping forward and addressing the Wigtown factor, with whom I had some slight acquaintance.
The smaller of the two turned his face towards me as I spoke, and showed me that I was not mistaken in his identity, but his taller companion sprang back and showed every sign of violent agitation.
“What is this, McNeil?” I heard him say, in a gasping, choking voice. “Is this your promise? What is the meaning of it?”
“Don’t be alarmed, General!  “This is young Mr. Fothergill West, of Branksome, though what brings him up here tonight is more than I can understand. However, as you are to be neighbours, I can’t do better than take the opportunity to introduce you to each other. Mr. West, this is General Heatherstone, who is about to take a lease of Cloomber Hall.”
I held out my hand to the tall man, who look it in a hesitating, half-reluctant fashion.
“I came up,” I explained, “because I saw your lights in the windows, and I bought that something might be wrong. I am very glad I did so, since it has given me the chance of making the general’s acquaintance.”
Whilst I was talking, I was conscious that the new tenant of Cloomber Hall was peering at me very closely through the darkness. As I concluded, he stretched out a long, tremulous arm, and turned the gig-lamp in such a way as to throw a flood of light upon my face.
“Good Heavens, McNeil!” he cried, in the same quivering voice as before, “the fellow’s as brown as chocolate. He’s not an Englishman. You’re not an Englishman—you, sir?”
“I’m a Scotchman, born and bred,” said I, with an inclination to laugh, which was only checked by my new acquaintance’s obvious terror.
“A Scotchman, eh?” said he, with a sigh of relief. “It’s all one nowadays. You must excuse me, Mr.—Mr. West. I’m nervous, infernally nervous. Come along, McNeil, we must be back in Wigtown in less than an hour. Good-night, gentlemen, good-night!”
The two clambered into their places; the factor cracked his whip, and the high dog-cart clattered away through the darkness, casting a brilliant tunnel of yellow light on either side of it, until the rumble of its wheels died away in the distance.
“What do you think of our new neighbour, Jamieson?” I asked, after a long silence.
“‘Deed, Mr. West, he seems, as he says himsel’, to be vera nervous. Maybe his conscience is oot o’ order.”
“His liver, more likely,” said I. “He looks as if he had tried his constitution a bit. But it’s blowing chill, Seth, my lad, and it’s time both of us were indoors.”
I bade my companion good-night, and struck off across the moors for the cheery, ruddy light which marked the parlour windows of Branksome.


Add Patient
New Patient
Title(s)
First Name(s)
Last Name(s)
Doctor
Birthdate
NHSNumber
HospitalNumber
Ward
Bed
Date of Admission
Relevant History
Social Issues
Risks
Recommendations
Diagnosis
Submit
...


3. AutoFeatures Class¶
3.1. Utils Functions¶
3.1.1. Data types¶
-
class
AutoFeatures.
AutoFeatures
¶ Auto feature selector for Machine Learning Modeling with PySpark. This class has four selectors:
unique selector: identify the single unique features
missing selector: identify missing values features with missing threshold
collinear selector: identify collinear features with threshold
low importance selector: identify low importance features with Gradient Boosting Machine(GBM)
-
classmethod
dtypes_class
(df_in)¶ Generate the data type categories: numerical, categorical, date and unsupported category.
- Parameters
df_in – the input rdd data frame
- Returns
data type categories
>>> test = spark.createDataFrame([ ('Joe', 67, 'F', 7000, 'asymptomatic', 286.1, '2019-6-28'), ('Henry', 67, 'M', 8000, 'asymptomatic', 229.2, '2019-6-29'), ('Sam', 37, 'F', 6000, 'nonanginal', 250.3, '2019-6-30'), ('Max', 56, 'M', 9000, 'nontypical', 236.4, '2019-5-28'), ('Mat', 56, 'F', 9000, 'asymptomatic', 254.5, '2019-4-28')], ['Name', 'Age', 'Sex', 'Salary', 'ChestPain', 'Chol', 'CreatDate'] ) >>> test = test.withColumn('CreatDate', F.col('CreatDate').cast('timestamp')) >>> from PySparkAudit import dtypes_class >>> dtypes_class(test) ( feature DataType 0 Name StringType 1 Age LongType 2 Sex StringType 3 Salary LongType 4 ChestPain StringType 5 Chol DoubleType 6 CreatDate TimestampType, ['Age', 'Salary', 'Chol'], ['Name', 'Sex', 'ChestPain'], ['CreatDate'], [])
-
classmethod
get_dummy
(df_in, index_col=None, categorical_cols=None, continuous_cols=None, label_col=None, dropLast=False)¶ Get dummy variables and concat with continuous variables for ml modeling.
- Parameters
df_in – the dataframe
categorical_cols – the name list of the categorical data
continuous_cols – the name list of the numerical data
label_col – the name of label column
dropLast – the flag of drop last column
- Returns
encoded dummy variable names and feature matrix
- Author
Wenqiang Feng
>>> df = spark.createDataFrame([ (0, "a"), (1, "b"), (2, "c"), (3, "a"), (4, "a"), (5, "c") ], ["id", "category"])
>>> index_col = 'id' >>> categorical_cols = ['category'] >>> continuous_cols = [] >>> label_col = []
>>> mat = get_dummy(df,index_col,categorical_cols,continuous_cols,label_col) >>> mat.show()
>>> +---+-------------+ | id| features| +---+-------------+ | 0|[1.0,0.0,0.0]| | 1|[0.0,0.0,1.0]| | 2|[0.0,1.0,0.0]| | 3|[1.0,0.0,0.0]| | 4|[1.0,0.0,0.0]| | 5|[0.0,1.0,0.0]| +---+-------------+
-
classmethod
get_encoded_names
(df_in, categorical_cols)¶ get the encoded dummy variable names
- Parameters
df_in – the input dataframe
categorical_cols – the name list of the categorical columns
- Returns
the name list of the encoded dummy variable for categorical columns
3.2. AutoFeatures Class¶
-
class
AutoFeatures.
AutoFeatures
Auto feature selector for Machine Learning Modeling with PySpark. This class has four selectors:
unique selector: identify the single unique features
missing selector: identify missing values features with missing threshold
collinear selector: identify collinear features with threshold
low importance selector: identify low importance features with Gradient Boosting Machine(GBM)
-
__init__
()¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
classmethod
corr_selector
(data, index_col=None, label_col=None, corr_thold=0.9, method='pearson', rotation=True, display=False, tracking=False, cat_num=2)¶ collinear selector: identify collinear features with threshold
- Parameters
data – input dataframe
index_col – the name of the index column and the other columns you want to exclude
label_col – the name of the label column
corr_thold – threshold for collinear scores
method – the method to use for computing correlation, supported: pearson (default), spearman
rotation – the flag of rotate x-ticks
display – the flag for displaying plots, the default value is False
tracking – the flag for displaying CPU time, the default value is False
cat_num – the number of the categorical feature (helping removing binary features)
- Returns
The name list of the correlated values features above threshold
-
classmethod
ensemble_drop
(data, index_col, label_col, task, importance_thold=None, cumulative_thold=0.96, missing_thold=0.6, corr_thold=0.9, method='pearson', rotation=True, n_train=5, top_n=20, dropLast=False, display=False, tracking=False, cat_num=2)¶ Ensemble drop (based on essential drop, that is to say it has included the functionals of essential drop) is a method to identify the essential drop features based on ensemble ML model (GBM).
- Parameters
data – input dataframe
index_col – the name of the index column and the other columns you want to exclude
label_col – the name of the label column
task – the ensemble model type, supported task “classification” or “regression”
importance_thold – the threshold of the feature importance if missing will be auto calculated by the cumulative threshold
cumulative_thold – the threshold of the cumulative feature importance, this will be used to determine the importance_thold when importance_thold is missing
missing_thold – threshold for missing values percentage
corr_thold – threshold for collinear scores
method – the method to use for computing correlation, supported: pearson (default), spearman
rotation – the flag of rotate x-ticks
n_train – the numbers of train for average the feature importance
top_n – the numbers for plot top_n highest feature importance
dropLast – the flag of the drop last column during applying the OneHotEncoder
display – the flag for displaying plots, the default value is False
tracking – the number of the categorical feature (helping removing binary features)
cat_num – the number of the categorical feature (helping removing binary features)
- Returns
The name list of the to_drop features with low feature importance
-
classmethod
essential_drop
(data, index_col, label_col, missing_thold=0.6, corr_thold=0.9, method='pearson', rotation=True, display=False, tracking=False, cat_num=2)¶ Essential drop (included: missing selector, unique selector, correlation selector) is all in one functions to identify the essential drop features.
- Parameters
data – input dataframe
index_col – the name of the index column and the other columns you want to exclude
label_col – the name of the label column
missing_thold – threshold for missing values percentage
corr_thold – threshold for collinear scores
method – the method to use for computing correlation, supported: pearson (default), spearman
rotation – the flag of rotate x-ticks
display – the flag for displaying plots, the default value is False
tracking – the flag for displaying CPU time, the default value is False
cat_num – the number of the categorical feature (helping removing binary features)
- Returns
The name list of the to_drop features with essential drop functions
-
classmethod
importance_selector
(data, index_col, label_col, task, importance_thold=None, cumulative_thold=0.96, missing_thold=0.6, corr_thold=0.9, method='pearson', rotation=True, n_train=5, top_n=20, dropLast=False, display=False, tracking=False, cat_num=2)¶ importance selector: identify low feature importance features with threshold
- Parameters
data – input dataframe
index_col – the name of the index column and the other columns you want to exclude
label_col – the name of the label column
task – the ensemble model type, supported task “classification” or “regression”
importance_thold – the threshold of the feature importance if missing will be auto calculated by the cumulative threshold
cumulative_thold – the threshold of the cumulative feature importance, this will be used to determine the importance_thold when importance_thold is missing
missing_thold – threshold for missing values percentage
corr_thold – threshold for collinear scores
method – the method to use for computing correlation, supported: pearson (default), spearman
rotation – the flag of rotate x-ticks
n_train – the numbers of train for average the feature importance
top_n – the numbers for plot top_n highest feature importance
dropLast – the flag of the drop last column during applying the OneHotEncoder
display – the flag for displaying plots, the default value is False
tracking – the number of the categorical feature (helping removing binary features)
cat_num – the number of the categorical feature (helping removing binary features)
- Returns
The name list of the dropped features with low feature importance
-
classmethod
missing_selector
(data, missing_thold=0.6, display=False, tracking=False)¶ Missing selector: identify missing values features with missing threshold
- Parameters
data – input dataframe
missing_thold – threshold for missing values percentage
display – the flag for displaying plots, the default value is False
tracking – the flag for displaying CPU time, the default value is False
- Returns
The name list of the missing values features above missing threshold
-
classmethod
unique_selector
(data, tracking=False)¶ Unique selector: identify the single unique features
- Parameters
data – input dataframe
tracking – the flag for displaying CPU time, the default value is False
- Return unique_drop
The name list of the single unique features


${nothingPlaying}
${playlist}
0 ${videos}
00:00
>
${queueNext}
${queueLast}
${addAsTemporary}
${queueNext}
${queueLast}
${addAsTemporary}


Advanced usage
Estimated reading time: 6 minutesPrototype methods
For each chart, there are a set of global prototype methods on the shared ChartType
which you may find useful. These are available on all charts created with Chart.js, but for the examples, let’s use a line chart we’ve made.
// For example:
var myLineChart = new Chart(ctx).Line(data);
.clear()
Will clear the chart canvas. Used extensively internally between animation frames, but you might find it useful.
// Will clear the canvas that myLineChart is drawn on
myLineChart.clear();
// => returns 'this' for chainability
.stop()
Use this to stop any current animation loop. This will pause the chart during any current animation frame. Call .render()
to re-animate.
// Stops the charts animation loop at its current frame
myLineChart.stop();
// => returns 'this' for chainability
.resize()
Use this to manually resize the canvas element. This is run each time the browser is resized, but you can call this method manually if you change the size of the canvas nodes container element.
// Resizes & redraws to fill its container element
myLineChart.resize();
// => returns 'this' for chainability
.destroy()
Use this to destroy any chart instances that are created. This will clean up any references stored to the chart object within Chart.js, along with any associated event listeners attached by Chart.js.
// Destroys a specific chart instance
myLineChart.destroy();
.toBase64Image()
This returns a base 64 encoded string of the chart in it’s current state.
myLineChart.toBase64Image();
// => returns png data url of the image on the canvas
.generateLegend()
Returns an HTML string of a legend for that chart. The template for this legend is at legendTemplate
in the chart options.
myLineChart.generateLegend();
// => returns HTML string of a legend for this chart
External Tooltips
You can enable custom tooltips in the global or chart configuration like so:
var myPieChart = new Chart(ctx).Pie(data, {
customTooltips: function(tooltip) {
// tooltip will be false if tooltip is not visible or should be hidden
if (!tooltip) {
return;
}
// Otherwise, tooltip will be an object with all tooltip properties like:
// tooltip.caretHeight
// tooltip.caretPadding
// tooltip.chart
// tooltip.cornerRadius
// tooltip.fillColor
// tooltip.font...
// tooltip.text
// tooltip.x
// tooltip.y
// etc...
};
});
See files sample/pie-customTooltips.html
and sample/line-customTooltips.html
for examples on how to get started.
Writing new chart types
Chart.js 1.0 has been rewritten to provide a platform for developers to create their own custom chart types, and be able to share and utilise them through the Chart.js API.
The format is relatively simple, there are a set of utility helper methods under Chart.helpers
, including things such as looping over collections, requesting animation frames, and easing equations.
On top of this, there are also some simple base classes of Chart elements, these all extend from Chart.Element
, and include things such as points, bars and scales.
Chart.Type.extend({
// Passing in a name registers this chart in the Chart namespace
name: "Scatter",
// Providing a defaults will also register the deafults in the chart namespace
defaults : {
options: "Here",
available: "at this.options"
},
// Initialize is fired when the chart is initialized - Data is passed in as a parameter
// Config is automatically merged by the core of Chart.js, and is available at this.options
initialize: function(data){
this.chart.ctx // The drawing context for this chart
this.chart.canvas // the canvas node for this chart
},
// Used to draw something on the canvas
draw: function() {
}
});
// Now we can create a new instance of our chart, using the Chart.js API
new Chart(ctx).Scatter(data);
// initialize is now run
Extending existing chart types
We can also extend existing chart types, and expose them to the API in the same way. Let’s say for example, we might want to run some more code when we initialize every Line chart.
// Notice now we're extending the particular Line chart type, rather than the base class.
Chart.types.Line.extend({
// Passing in a name registers this chart in the Chart namespace in the same way
name: "LineAlt",
initialize: function(data){
console.log('My Line chart extension');
Chart.types.Line.prototype.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
}
});
// Creates a line chart in the same way
new Chart(ctx).LineAlt(data);
// but this logs 'My Line chart extension' in the console.
Community extensions
- Stacked Bar Chart by @Regaddi
- Error bars (bar and line charts) by @CAYdenberg
Creating custom builds
Chart.js uses gulp to build the library into a single JavaScript file. We can use this same build script with custom parameters in order to build a custom version.
Firstly, we need to ensure development dependencies are installed. With node and npm installed, after cloning the Chart.js repo to a local directory, and navigating to that directory in the command line, we can run the following:
npm install
npm install -g gulp
This will install the local development dependencies for Chart.js, along with a CLI for the JavaScript task runner gulp.
Now, we can run the gulp build
task, and pass in a comma seperated list of types as an argument to build a custom version of Chart.js with only specified chart types.
Here we will create a version of Chart.js with only Line, Radar and Bar charts included:
gulp build --types=Line,Radar,Bar
This will output to the /custom
directory, and write two files, Chart.js, and Chart.min.js with only those chart types included.


I bought a gram of a resin extract of calea not too long ago. The first night I had the chance to smoke it, I smoked a good sized bowl. I felt some slight headchange effects while I was awake, but nothing too special. I stayed awake for about 30 more minutes and then went to sleep.
I woke up and, NOTHING, actually, maybe something. All I had was a dream about an ex-girlfriend, but it was only 5 seconds and it could have just been a normal dream, nothing too vivid. So I was bummed, but the second night rolled around and I tried again. This time I smoked a bit more thinking that I might have not smoked enough previously. Same effects while I was awake, feels like I took one hit of marijuana or something.
I went to sleep, woke up, and NOTHING AGAIN! I got over it and just started using the rest of what I had to lace bowls of marijuana, cause that indeed made the high better, but I had no lucid dreaming whatsoever.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


#
ExamplesRedux is distributed with a few examples in its source code. Most of these examples are also on CodeSandbox, an online editor that lets you play with the examples online.
#
Counter VanillaRun the Counter Vanilla example:
Or check out the sandbox:
It does not require a build system or a view framework and exists to show the raw Redux API used with ES5.
#
CounterRun the Counter example:
Or check out the sandbox:
This is the most basic example of using Redux together with React. For simplicity, it re-renders the React component manually when the store changes. In real projects, you will likely want to use the highly performant React Redux bindings instead.
This example includes tests.
#
TodosRun the Todos example:
Or check out the sandbox:
This is the best example to get a deeper understanding of how the state updates work together with components in Redux. It shows how reducers can delegate handling actions to other reducers, and how you can use React Redux to generate container components from your presentational components.
This example includes tests.
#
Todos with UndoRun the Todos with Undo example:
Or check out the sandbox:
This is a variation on the previous example. It is almost identical, but additionally shows how wrapping your reducer with Redux Undo lets you add a Undo/Redo functionality to your app with a few lines of code.
#
Todos w/ FlowRun the Todos w/ Flow example:
Or check out the sandbox:
This is like the previous Todos examples, but shows how to use Redux in conjunction with Flow.
#
TodoMVCRun the TodoMVC example:
Or check out the sandbox:
This is the classical TodoMVC example. It's here for the sake of comparison, but it covers the same points as the Todos example.
This example includes tests.
#
Shopping CartRun the Shopping Cart example:
Or check out the sandbox:
This example shows important idiomatic Redux patterns that become important as your app grows. In particular, it shows how to store entities in a normalized way by their IDs, how to compose reducers on several levels, and how to define selectors alongside the reducers so the knowledge about the state shape is encapsulated. It also demonstrates logging with Redux Logger and conditional dispatching of actions with Redux Thunk middleware.
#
Tree ViewRun the Tree View example:
Or check out the sandbox:
This example demonstrates rendering a deeply nested tree view and representing its state in a normalized form so it is easy to update from reducers. Good rendering performance is achieved by the container components granularly subscribing only to the tree nodes that they render.
This example includes tests.
#
AsyncRun the Async example:
Or check out the sandbox:
This example includes reading from an asynchronous API, fetching data in response to user input, showing loading indicators, caching the response, and invalidating the cache. It uses Redux Thunk middleware to encapsulate asynchronous side effects.
#
UniversalRun the Universal example:
This is a basic demonstration of server rendering with Redux and React. It shows how to prepare the initial store state on the server, and pass it down to the client so the client store can boot up from an existing state.
#
Real WorldRun the Real World example:
Or check out the sandbox:
This is the most advanced example. It is dense by design. It covers keeping fetched entities in a normalized cache, implementing a custom middleware for API calls, rendering partially loaded data, pagination, caching responses, displaying error messages, and routing. Additionally, it includes Redux DevTools.
#
More ExamplesYou can find more examples in the Redux Apps and Examples page of the Redux Addons Catalog.


Client: Case Study
Role & Responsibilities: UI/UX Designer
Deliverables: Personas, User Research, Storyboards, sitemap, wireframe and prototype, visual design
Tools & Software Used: Axure, Photoshop, Visio
Summary: Designed a prototype of an iPhone and iPad app to help visitors navigate in Yellowstone National Park, plan their trip, and share photos and itinerary on social media or by email
Questions:
User Interview: Is information on the park or ability to share your experience such as photos more important or equally important?
Persona – Andy
Job story
When I travel, I want to record the experience through photos and notes and find nearby attractions, so I can spend more time doing instead of planning and share my experience with friends and family and for personal review.
User frustrations
User successes
1. User selects place to visit: Mammoth Hot Springs
2. User views visitor center hours and information on what to see at Mammoth Hot Springs
3. User can add Mammoth Hot Springs to My Trip, which creates an itinerary
4. User can add own photo to personal album or share to Gallery, social media or email
5. User can view Gallery of photos uploaded by other users
6. User can view map showing sites, hiking trails, and locations where animals have been seen


Your Symphony installation is up to date, but the installer was still detected. For security reasons, it should be removed. Remove installer?
1.16 released on 17 May 2012
Symphony Team


There aren't many cities in the world that rival the unique scene of Barcelona.
When: 15 Saturdays from July 1st, 2019
Price: €100*
There aren't many cities in the world that rival the unique scene of Barcelona. The history, culture & attractions, together with a booming startup ecosystem, have made the city rise to the top ranks of tech hubs in Europe.
Our students from Barcelona built...
Lorem ipsum dolor sit, amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Dolore
autem inventore, fugiat vitae suscipit itaque! Quae earum, numquam
aspernatur consectetur nam nihil mollitia fugit quos deserunt
dolorem quis quod facere!
Our team is passionate about AI and Human progress, we firmly believe that combining communities with technology is the best way to catalyze change to make the world a better place


{% load static %}
Hi! My name is Tanner Robinson. I am from Washington State and I am currently a student at BYU Idaho. I’m studying computer science and so far, I am loving it.
I am a people person, so I love to work with and around people. For the past few seasons, I have been a lifeguard. Lifeguarding has helped me to develop skills that I am ready to apply to the workforce. I have learned to be responsible and to have good communication skills. I believe that it is important to speak to people professionally when on the job. I also learned to be self-sufficient. Working hard doesn’t mean I always have to go to my boss and ask for help in making decisions. I also learned how to keep my head cool despite stressful situations. Lifeguarding is also all about working as a team, and I value those opportunities I am given to work with great people. While working as a lifeguard I was able to develop leadership skills. Those skills I used when I went to Argentina for two years as a volunteer. Because of that, I speak Spanish fluently.
In my studies I have become proficient in C/C++ and object-oriented programming. I’ve also had the opportunity to start working in web development and with other languages such as Python and Java. I love solving problems and I’m a hard worker. So nice to meet you!


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block content%}
Phone number for payment
id card number
match id
ticket cost


PHOTO: Suspect sought after dozens of tires slashed in Brooklyn
by Eyewitness NewsBAY RIDGE, Brooklyn (WABC) -- Police have released a picture of the suspect accused of slashing the tires of dozens of cars in a Brooklyn neighborhood.
It appears the suspect was covering his face at the time.
The incident happened overnight Saturday into Sunday along Shore Road in Bay Ridge.
Police say as many as 32 cars were vandalized.
Some were also keyed and scratched.


On what grounds did the ONC-ACB initiate surveillance (i.e., the particular facts and circumstances from which a reasonable person would have had grounds to question the continued conformity of the Health IT Module)? For randomized surveillance, it is acceptable to state it was chosen randomly.
What were the substantial factors that, in the ONC-ACB's assessment, caused or contributed to the suspected non-conformity or non-conformities (e.g., implementation problem, user error, limitations on the use of capabilities in the field, a failure to disclose known material information, etc.)?
Did ONC-ACB substantiate any non-conformities? If so, what was the nature of the non-conformity or non-conformities that were substantiated?Please include specific criteria involved.
What steps did the ONC-ACB take to surveil the Health IT Module, to analyze evidence, and to substantiate the non-conformity or non-conformities?
What steps were taken by ONC-ACB to engage and work with the developer and end-users to analyze and determine the causes of any suspected non-conformities and related deficiencies?
If a suspected non-conformity resulted from additional types of costs or fees that a user was required to pay in order to implement or use the Health IT Module's certified capabilities, how did ONC-ACB evaluate that suspected non-conformity?
If a suspected non-conformity resulted from limitations that a user encountered in the course of implementing and using the Health IT Module's certified capabilities, how did ONC-ACB evaluate that suspected non-conformity?
If a suspected non-conformity resulted from the non-disclosure of material information by the developer about additional types of costs or fees associated with the Health IT Module, how did the ONC-ACB evaluate the suspected non-conformity?
If a non-conformity was substantiated, what direction was given to the developer to resolve the non-conformity?
If an approved Corrective Action Plan was received and completed, how did ONC-ACB verify that the developer has completed all requirements specified in the Plan?


Hi there! Here is some information about me:
GPA: 4.0/4.0
Relevant Course Work:
GPA: 3.8/4.0
Apart from being a Machine Learning Engineer, I enjoy cycling, video games and Pizza.
When forced indoors, I follow a number of sci-fi and fantasy genre movies and television shows, and I spend a large amount of my free time exploring the latest technolgy advancements in AI fields


Clash of the Penguins
when some penguins turn to a life of crime...
New Game
PLAYER ONE
Attack!
Defend!
PLAYER TWO
Attack!
Defend!
Weapon damage info:
snowball
10
fish
15
small stone
20
big stone
30


Bradlee Speice, Thu 19 November 2015, Sat 05 December 2015, Blog
Hello! Glad to meet you. I'm currently a student at Columbia University studying Financial Engineering, and want to give an overview of the projects I'm working on!
To start things off, Columbia has been hosting a trading competition that myself and another partner are competing in. I'm including a notebook of the algorithm that we're using, just to give a simple overview of a miniature algorithm.
The competition is scored in 3 areas:
Our algorithm uses a basic momentum strategy: in the given list of potential portfolios, pick the stocks that have been performing well in the past 30 days. Then, optimize for return subject to the drawdown being below a specific level. We didn't include the Sharpe ratio as a constraint, mostly because we were a bit late entering the competition.
I'll be updating this post with the results of our algorithm as they come along!
UPDATE 12/5/2015: Now that the competition has ended, I wanted to update how the algorithm performed. Unfortunately, it didn't do very well. I'm planning to make some tweaks over the coming weeks, and do another forward test in January.
And some statistics for all teams participating in the competition:
| Max Return | 74.1% |
| Min Return | -97.4% |
| Average Return | -.1% |
| Std Dev of Returns | 19.6% |
from IPython.display import display
import Quandl
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
tickers = ['XOM', 'CVX', 'CLB', 'OXY', 'SLB']
market_ticker = 'GOOG/NYSE_VOO'
lookback = 30
d_col = 'Close'
data = {tick: Quandl.get('YAHOO/{}'.format(tick))[-lookback:] for tick in tickers}
market = Quandl.get(market_ticker)
We first want to know how much each ticker returned over the prior period.
returns = {tick: data[tick][d_col].pct_change() for tick in tickers}
display({tick: returns[tick].mean() for tick in tickers})
Sharpe: ${R - R_M \over \sigma}$
We use the average return over the lookback period, minus the market average return, over the ticker standard deviation to calculate the Sharpe. Shorting a stock turns a negative Sharpe positive.
market_returns = market.pct_change()
sharpe = lambda ret: (ret.mean() - market_returns[d_col].mean()) / ret.std()
sharpes = {tick: sharpe(returns[tick]) for tick in tickers}
display(sharpes)
This one is easy - what is the maximum daily change over the lookback period? That is, because we will allow short positions, we are not concerned strictly with maximum downturn, but in general, what is the largest 1-day change?
drawdown = lambda ret: ret.abs().max()
drawdowns = {tick: drawdown(returns[tick]) for tick in tickers}
display(drawdowns)
$\begin{align} max\ \ & \mu \cdot \omega\\ s.t.\ \ & \vec{1} \omega = 1\\ & \vec{S} \omega \ge s\\ & \vec{D} \cdot | \omega | \le d\\ & \left|\omega\right| \le l\\ \end{align}$
We want to maximize average return subject to having a full portfolio, Sharpe above a specific level, drawdown below a level, and leverage not too high - that is, don't have huge long/short positions.
import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import minimize
#sharpe_limit = .1
drawdown_limit = .05
leverage = 250
# Use the map so we can guarantee we maintain the correct order
# sharpe_a = np.array(list(map(lambda tick: sharpes[tick], tickers))) * -1 # So we can write as upper-bound
dd_a = np.array(list(map(lambda tick: drawdowns[tick], tickers)))
returns_a = np.array(list(map(lambda tick: returns[tick].mean(), tickers))) # Because minimizing
meets_sharpe = lambda x: sum(abs(x) * sharpe_a) - sharpe_limit
def meets_dd(x):
portfolio = sum(abs(x))
if portfolio < .1:
# If there are no stocks in the portfolio,
# we can accidentally induce division by 0,
# or division by something small enough to cause infinity
return 0
return drawdown_limit - sum(abs(x) * dd_a) / sum(abs(x))
is_portfolio = lambda x: sum(x) - 1
def within_leverage(x):
return leverage - sum(abs(x))
objective = lambda x: sum(x * returns_a) * -1 # Because we're minimizing
bounds = ((None, None),) * len(tickers)
x = np.zeros(len(tickers))
constraints = [
{
'type': 'eq',
'fun': is_portfolio
}, {
'type': 'ineq',
'fun': within_leverage
#}, {
# 'type': 'ineq',
# 'fun': meets_sharpe
}, {
'type': 'ineq',
'fun': meets_dd
}
]
optimal = minimize(objective, x, bounds=bounds, constraints=constraints,
options={'maxiter': 500})
# Optimization time!
display(optimal.message)
display("Holdings: {}".format(list(zip(tickers, optimal.x))))
expected_return = optimal.fun * -100 # multiply by -100 to scale, and compensate for minimizing
display("Expected Return: {:.3f}%".format(expected_return))
expected_drawdown = sum(abs(optimal.x) * dd_a) / sum(abs(optimal.x)) * 100
display("Expected Max Drawdown: {0:.2f}%".format(expected_drawdown))
# TODO: Calculate expected Sharpe


Technical Blog - Part 2
Week 2
What is grid based design?
I suppose taking a leaf from my first technical blog, everything on a web page is essentially a box. An extension of that is a grid (which I suppose if you think about it, is a collection of multiple boxes of the same size, ordered into columns and rows).
Grid based design is a way to structure a web page into logical sections to make it easier to format and create a layout.
What's all the hype about responsive webpages?
Due to the sheer number of different web browsers and devices in the aether, responsive web pages are a way to make sure each user gets the best experience regardless of the browser / device they are using.
Responsive web pages can be characterised by their ability to be fluid (i.e. automatically resizing to fit the size and shape of the screen), and the use of CSS3 media queries (often denoted as the @media rule).
Semantic structure
Simply put, semantic structure is representing an html element based on it's meaning, rather than just how it is presented. For example, the tag <nav> generally represents a section of your page that will contain a navigation menu. Semantic elements improve the readability of html code, as well as improving the ability of search engines to work out what each section of your web page is (for example, where your footer is).
HTML5 introduced a number of new semantic tags including mark, time, section and footer.


An Accordion widget is a set of collapsible panels that can store a large amount of content in a compact space. Site visitors hide or reveal the content stored in the accordion by clicking the tab of the panel. The panels of the accordion expand or contract accordingly as the visitor clicks different tabs. In an accordion, only one content panel is open and visible at a given time. The following example shows an Accordion widget, with the first panel expanded:
The default HTML code for the Accordion widget comprises an outer div tag that contains all of the panels, a div tag for each panel, and a header div and content div within the tag for each panel. An Accordion widget can contain any number of individual panels. The HTML code for the Accordion widget also includes script tags in the head of the document and after the accordion’s HTML code.
The script tag in the head of the document defines all of the JavaScript functions related to the Accordion widget. The script tag after the Accordion widget code creates a JavaScript object that makes the accordion interactive. Following is the HTML code for an Accordion widget:
 ...  <link href="SpryAssets/SpryAccordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

Panel 1

 Panel 1 Content
 Panel 1 Content
 Panel 1 Content

Panel 2

 Panel 2 Content
 Panel 2 Content
 Panel 2 Content

Panel 3

 Panel 3 Content
 Panel 3 Content
 Panel 3 Content

Panel 4

 Panel 4 Content
 Panel 4 Content
 Panel 4 Content

In the code, the new JavaScript operator initializes the Accordion widget object, and transforms the div content with the ID of Accordion1 from static HTML code into an interactive page element. The Spry.Widget.Accordion method is a constructor in the Spry framework that creates accordion objects, and the information necessary to initialize the object is contained in the SpryAccordion.js JavaScript library that you linked to in the head of the document.
Each of the div tags in the Accordion widget contains a CSS class. These classes control the style of the Accordion widget, and exist in the accompanying SpryAccordion.css file.
You can change the appearance of any given part of the Accordion widget by editing the CSS code that corresponds to the class names assigned to it in the HTML code. For example, to change the background color of the accordion’s tabs, edit the AccordionPanelTab rule in the SpryAccordion.css file. Keep in mind that changing the CSS code in the SpryAccordion.css file will affect all accordions that are linked to that file.
In addition to the classes shown in the HTML code, the Accordion widget includes certain default behaviors that are attached to the widget. These behaviors are a built‑in part of the Spry framework, and are in the SpryAccordion.js JavaScript library file. The Accordion library includes behaviors related to hovering, tab clicking (to open panels), panel focus, and keyboard navigation.
You can change the look of the accordion as it relates to these behaviors by editing the appropriate classes in the SpryAccordion.css file. If for some reason you want to remove a given behavior, you can delete the CSS rules that correspond to that behavior.
In the preceding example, div tags create a nested tag structure for the widget:
Container div Panel div Tab div Content div
This 3-level, 4-container structure is essential for the Accordion widget to work properly; the structure, however, is more important than the actual tags you decide to use. Spry reads the structure (not div tags necessarily) and builds the widget accordingly. As long as the 3-level, 4-container structure is in place, you can use any block-level element to create the widget:
Container div Panel div H3 tag P tag
The div tags in the example are flexible and can contain other block-level elements. A p tag (or any other inline tag), however, cannot contain other block-level elements, so you cannot use it as a container or panel tag for the accordion.


Set the Keyboard Shortcuts:
Set keys combination to control youtube
Next song
Set Keyboard Combination
Previous song
Set Keyboard Combination
Save


Clintonic Strings Live in Concert holds - The Nation Newspaper
Clintonic Strings is set to treat lovers of good music and live band performance to a night of excellence as he and his crew holds the second edition of his show. The event holds on November 24 at the Radisson Blu hotel Victoria Island, Lagos.
In an interview with The Nation newspaper, the graduate of the Musical Society of Nigeria (MUSON) said; “This second edition is fully packaged to uplift the soul of attendees as the bar has been raised. The concert is a place to unwind and have some real unusual fun with friends and family.”
He also said that the winner of voice Nigeria season 2, Idyl, Cill Soul, Precious Emmanuel an others will perform at the event.
Read Also: Deliver soul-touching songs – Gospel artiste
Clinton Strings also known as Clinton Akinkuloie is a Violinist. His first concert which held a year ago at the Muson Centre featured Music – Comedy – Arts and several other side attractions.
“Every tree started out as a seed. Hence, my crew learnt early enough not to despise the days of beginning and we managed to successfully stage a world class event at the first concert without much external support; and we are already working on the second concert in the same vein knowing fully well that our increased successes will attract sponsors by free course.”
Clintonic Strings has worked with top Nigerian music artistes like Sinach, Frank Edwards, 2Baba and Dija.


2 Thessalonians 3:11
For we hear that there are some which walk among you disorderly, working not at all, but are busybodies.


<EMAIL_ADDRESS>github.com/SciViews
Home
Software
Blog
Course
Info
About
Team
Contact
Install svbox
Search Here
Well, It Is Embarrassing, Right!
But The Page You Are Searching For Does Not Exists.
Back To Home


{% extends "index.html" %} {% block mobile_content %}
What is your name?
What are your pronouns?
Do you require accomodations?


--- layout: post authors: ["Greg Wilson"] title: Why Teaching People to Program Is Hard date: 2012-10-21 time: "09:00:00" tags: ["Education"] ---
Update: it's clear from comments that I explained myself poorly in this post. We don't ever teach by starting with a big example like the one below—we start with basic arithmetic, then assignment, then lists and loops, and so on. (See our Python lectures for details.) What I was trying to show was that by the time we reach a realistic example, students have to interleave those concepts in a very fine-grained way, i.e., if they'd been taking notes in the order in which we taught things, they'd have to flip back and forth through those notes constantly in order to make sense of things. That "cognitive assembly" is an extra burden on novices.
Another way to think of it is this: coarse-grained interleaving like 'AAAABBBBCCCCDDDD' is easy to understand, and so is regular fine-grained interleaving like 'ABCDABCDABCDABCD', but we're asking learners to take the ABCD's we've shown them and put them together as 'ABADCCDABBDCCABD'.
Let me show you why it's hard to teach people how to program. Our starting point is a Python program that grabs annual average temperatures for a couple of countries from the World Bank's site and calculates displays their ratio of one to the other. (The story we tell is that a climate scientist is trying to figure out whether global warming is happening faster in Canada than in Australia, or vice versa.) Here's the program:
01 import sys 02 import urllib2 03 import json 04 05 def kelvin(celsius): 06 '''Convert degrees C to degrees K.''' 07 return celsius + 273.15 08 09 def get_temps(country_code): 10 '''Get annual temperatures for a country.''' 11 url = 'http://climatedataapi.worldbank.org/climateweb/rest/v1/country/cru/tas/year/%s' 12 u = url % country_code 13 connection = urllib2.urlopen(u) 14 raw = connection.read() 15 structured = json.loads(raw) 16 connection.close() 17 result = {} 18 for entry in structured: 19 year, celsius = entry['year'], entry['data'] 20 result[year] = kelvin(celsius) 21 return result 22 23 def main(first_country, second_country): 24 '''Show ratio of average temperatures for two countries over time.''' 25 first = get_temps(first_country) 26 second = get_temps(second_country) 27 assert len(first) == len(second), 'Length mis-match in results' 28 keys = first.keys() 29 keys.sort() 30 for k in keys: 31 print k, first[k] / second[k] 32 33 if __name__ == '__main__': 34 first_country = 'AUS' 35 second_country = 'CAN' 36 if len(sys.argv) > 1: 37 first_country = sys.argv[1] 38 if len(sys.argv) > 2: 39 second_country = sys.argv[2] 40 main(first_country, second_country)
Lesson 1 in any programming class covers basic data types (int, float string), variables, assignment, the print
statement, and basic arithmetic. Which lines of this program can we understand if those are the only concepts we have?
01 import sys 02 import urllib2 03 import json 04 05 def kelvin(celsius): 06 '''Convert degrees C to degrees K.''' 07 return celsius + 273.15 08 09 def get_temps(country_code): 10 '''Get annual temperatures for a country.''' 11 url = 'http://climatedataapi.worldbank.org/climateweb/rest/v1/country/cru/tas/year/%s' 12 u = url % country_code 13 connection = urllib2.urlopen(u) 14 raw = connection.read() 15 structured = json.loads(raw) 16 connection.close() 17 result = {} 18 for entry in structured: 19 year, celsius = entry['year'], entry['data'] 20 result[year] = kelvin(celsius) 21 return result 22 23 def main(first_country, second_country): 24 '''Show ratio of average temperatures for two countries over time.''' 25 first = get_temps(first_country) 26 second = get_temps(second_country) 27 assert len(first) == len(second), 'Length mis-match in results' 28 keys = first.keys() 29 keys.sort() 30 for k in keys: 31 print k, first[k] / second[k] 32 33 if __name__ == '__main__': 34 first_country = 'AUS' 35 second_country = 'CAN' 36 if len(sys.argv) > 1: 37 first_country = sys.argv[1] 38 if len(sys.argv) > 2: 39 second_country = sys.argv[2] 40 main(first_country, second_country)
That's right: two lines out of 36 non-blank lines. There is one other statement in the program that does a simple assignment (line 11), but the string that's being assigned contains '%s', because it's used as a formatting template on the very next line, and we haven't covered string formatting yet.
OK, let's move on to lesson 2: lists, indexing, and for
loops. How much can we understand now?
01 import sys 02 import urllib2 03 import json 04 05 def kelvin(celsius): 06 '''Convert degrees C to degrees K.''' 07 return celsius + 273.15 08 09 def get_temps(country_code): 10 '''Get annual temperatures for a country.''' 11 url = 'http://climatedataapi.worldbank.org/climateweb/rest/v1/country/cru/tas/year/%s' 12 u = url % country_code 13 connection = urllib2.urlopen(u) 14 raw = connection.read() 15 structured = json.loads(raw) 16 connection.close() 17 result = {} 18 for entry in structured: 19 year, celsius = entry['year'], entry['data'] 20 result[year] = kelvin(celsius) 21 return result 22 23 def main(first_country, second_country): 24 '''Show ratio of average temperatures for two countries over time.''' 25 first = get_temps(first_country) 26 second = get_temps(second_country) 27 assert len(first) == len(second), 'Length mis-match in results' 28 keys = first.keys() 29 keys.sort() 30 for k in keys: 31 print k, first[k] / second[k] 32 33 if __name__ == '__main__': 34 first_country = 'AUS' 35 second_country = 'CAN' 36 if len(sys.argv) > 1: 37 first_country = sys.argv[1] 38 if len(sys.argv) > 2: 39 second_country = sys.argv[2] 40 main(first_country, second_country)
That didn't help much. There are plenty of places where we subscript,
but the thing being subscripted is always either a dictionary or sys.argv
, neither of which we've covered. We could
change the order in which we teach things in order to get more coverage
early on, but that would be cheating: I'm deliberately sticking to our
usual order, and using an example that shows what a real scientist might
want to use Python for in real life.
Lesson 3 is typically all about functions, and since we're trying to teach people good programming practice, we'll introduce docstrings and assertions at the same time. And if we're doing that, let's throw string formatting into the mix, which gives us:
01 import sys 02 import urllib2 03 import json 04 05 def kelvin(celsius): 06 '''Convert degrees C to degrees K.''' 07 return celsius + 273.15 08 09 def get_temps(country_code): 10 '''Get annual temperatures for a country.''' 11 url = 'http://climatedataapi.worldbank.org/climateweb/rest/v1/country/cru/tas/year/%s' 12 u = url % country_code 13 connection = urllib2.urlopen(u) 14 raw = connection.read() 15 structured = json.loads(raw) 16 connection.close() 17 result = {} 18 for entry in structured: 19 year, celsius = entry['year'], entry['data'] 20 result[year] = kelvin(celsius) 21 return result 22 23 def main(first_country, second_country): 24 '''Show ratio of average temperatures for two countries over time.''' 25 first = get_temps(first_country) 26 second = get_temps(second_country) 27 assert len(first) == len(second), 'Length mis-match in results' 28 keys = first.keys() 29 keys.sort() 30 for k in keys: 31 print k, first[k] / second[k] 32 33 if __name__ == '__main__': 34 first_country = 'AUS' 35 second_country = 'CAN' 36 if len(sys.argv) > 1: 37 first_country = sys.argv[1] 38 if len(sys.argv) > 2: 39 second_country = sys.argv[2] 40 main(first_country, second_country)
16 out of 36 lines after three lessons might feel like progress, but
there's still only one lump of the program (the Celsius to Kelvin
conversion function) that we understand in its entirety. Let's throw
libraries into the mix as lesson 4 and see what happens once learners
have this.that
, sys.argv
, and __name__
in their heads:
01 import sys 02 import urllib2 03 import json 04 05 def kelvin(celsius): 06 '''Convert degrees C to degrees K.''' 07 return celsius + 273.15 08 09 def get_temps(country_code): 10 '''Get annual temperatures for a country.''' 11 url = 'http://climatedataapi.worldbank.org/climateweb/rest/v1/country/cru/tas/year/%s' 12 u = url % country_code 13 connection = urllib2.urlopen(u) 14 raw = connection.read() 15 structured = json.loads(raw) 16 connection.close() 17 result = {} 18 for entry in structured: 19 year, celsius = entry['year'], entry['data'] 20 result[year] = kelvin(celsius) 21 return result 22 23 def main(first_country, second_country): 24 '''Show ratio of average temperatures for two countries over time.''' 25 first = get_temps(first_country) 26 second = get_temps(second_country) 27 assert len(first) == len(second), 'Length mis-match in results' 28 keys = first.keys() 29 keys.sort() 30 for k in keys: 31 print k, first[k] / second[k] 32 33 if __name__ == '__main__': 34 first_country = 'AUS' 35 second_country = 'CAN' 36 if len(sys.argv) > 1: 37 first_country = sys.argv[1] 38 if len(sys.argv) > 2: 39 second_country = sys.argv[2] 40 main(first_country, second_country)
And now conditionals as lesson 5:
01 import sys 02 import urllib2 03 import json 04 05 def kelvin(celsius): 06 '''Convert degrees C to degrees K.''' 07 return celsius + 273.15 08 09 def get_temps(country_code): 10 '''Get annual temperatures for a country.''' 11 url = 'http://climatedataapi.worldbank.org/climateweb/rest/v1/country/cru/tas/year/%s' 12 u = url % country_code 13 connection = urllib2.urlopen(u) 14 raw = connection.read() 15 structured = json.loads(raw) 16 connection.close() 17 result = {} 18 for entry in structured: 19 year, celsius = entry['year'], entry['data'] 20 result[year] = kelvin(celsius) 21 return result 22 23 def main(first_country, second_country): 24 '''Show ratio of average temperatures for two countries over time.''' 25 first = get_temps(first_country) 26 second = get_temps(second_country) 27 assert len(first) == len(second), 'Length mis-match in results' 28 keys = first.keys() 29 keys.sort() 30 for k in keys: 31 print k, first[k] / second[k] 32 33 if __name__ == '__main__': 34 first_country = 'AUS' 35 second_country = 'CAN' 36 if len(sys.argv) > 1: 37 first_country = sys.argv[1] 38 if len(sys.argv) > 2: 39 second_country = sys.argv[2] 40 main(first_country, second_country)
and dictionaries as lesson 6:
01 import sys 02 import urllib2 03 import json 04 05 def kelvin(celsius): 06 '''Convert degrees C to degrees K.''' 07 return celsius + 273.15 08 09 def get_temps(country_code): 10 '''Get annual temperatures for a country.''' 11 url = 'http://climatedataapi.worldbank.org/climateweb/rest/v1/country/cru/tas/year/%s' 12 u = url % country_code 13 connection = urllib2.urlopen(u) 14 raw = connection.read() 15 structured = json.loads(raw) 16 connection.close() 17 result = {} 18 for entry in structured: 19 year, celsius = entry['year'], entry['data'] 20 result[year] = kelvin(celsius) 21 return result 22 23 def main(first_country, second_country): 24 '''Show ratio of average temperatures for two countries over time.''' 25 first = get_temps(first_country) 26 second = get_temps(second_country) 27 assert len(first) == len(second), 'Length mis-match in results' 28 keys = first.keys() 29 keys.sort() 30 for k in keys: 31 print k, first[k] / second[k] 32 33 if __name__ == '__main__': 34 first_country = 'AUS' 35 second_country = 'CAN' 36 if len(sys.argv) > 1: 37 first_country = sys.argv[1] 38 if len(sys.argv) > 2: 39 second_country = sys.argv[2] 40 main(first_country, second_country)
Six lessons, with a practical exercise after each, and our learners can finally do something they might find useful. Getting through all that takes four hours, i.e., if we start at 9:00, we're finished by 2:00 (assuming we take a break for lunch). That's might not sound bad, considering how mature our learners are. But look at the striping—look how long it takes to assemble enough pieces for learners to completely understand any of this program's natural chunks. Over and over again, we have to say, "Trust us, this will prove useful later," and that kind of delayed gratification makes it harder for learners to put the pieces together correctly in their heads.
So let's pick an example that comes together earlier, like averaging a column out of a table of numbers stored in a file:
01 import sys 02 03 def main(filename, column): 04 reader = open(filename, 'r') 05 total = 0.0 06 count = 0 07 for line in reader: 08 fields = line.strip().split(',') 09 assert column < len(fields), 'Not enough fields' 10 count += 1 11 total += float(fields[column]) 12 assert count > 0, 'No data found' 13 print total / count 14 15 if __name__ == '__main__': 16 assert len(sys.argv) == 2, 'Filename and column number required' 17 column = int(sys.argv[2]) 18 assert column >= 0, 'Non-negative column number required' 19 main(sys.argv[1], column)
We can get to payoff one lesson earlier in this case, but (and it's a very big "but") it's a bad example: scientists shouldn't parse CSV files themselves, they should use libraries that already know how to do it:
01 import sys 02 import numpy 03 04 assert len(sys.argv) == 2, 'Filename and column number required' 05 column = int(sys.argv[2]) 06 values = numpy.loadtxt(sys.argv[1]) 07 print numpy.average(values, 0)[column]
The problem is, if we only show people these high-level tools, they don't learn how to build new tools of their own. And that is why teaching people to program is hard.
Later: it's clear from comments that I explained this poorly. I've put a clarifying note at the top of this post, and I'll take another run at it if and when I come up with a clearer approach.


Research and development: Project4Dimensions
pyBookmarks is a web application to create, retrieve,
update and delete bookmarks using any modern web browser.
https://github.com/Project4Dimensions/pyBookmarks
Install Python3 and pyBookmarks dependencies.
For Debian and Ubuntu Linux, open a terminal and type the following:
sudo apt install python3 python3-pip python3-bottle python3-gevent sqlite3
For macOS and Windows, download installers form the following websites:
https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-365/
Usage is as follows. Open a terminal, cd to the pyBookmarks folder
and type python3 -m bookmarks
.
Then open a browser using this link:
http://localhost:8118/
Switching between web browsers often involves exporting and importing bookmarks and keeping these up-to-date.
Some web browser bookmark managers also lack fields for tags and notes.
pyBookmarks offers a cross-browser solution that can also be used off-line.
Hellkamp, Marcel. 2018.
“Tutorial — Bottle 0.13-dev documentation.”
Bottle 0.13-dev. May22.
http://bottlepy.org/docs/dev/tutorial.html.
Popov, Dmitri. 2015.
“Python in a Bottle: Using the Bottle framework to build Python apps.”
Linux Magazine. 174 (May).
http://www.linux-magazine.com/Issues/2015/174/Workspace-Bottle.
Schnelle, Jochen. 2018.
“Tutorial: Todo-List Application — Bottle 0.13-dev documentation.”
Bottle 0.13-dev. May22.
https://bottlepy.org/docs/dev/tutorial_app.html.


Every great software system
Starts with a single line of code
New GitHub repository created
{{tc.created_at}}
{{tc.reponame}}
{{tc.repourl}}


Choose method:
SELECT
DELETE
INSERT
ALTER
Choose a database:
VMs
Storages
Name(must):
Storage:
Operatingsystem:
Size:


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/definitional.20equality.html ---
is there any way of listing all theexpr
which are definitionally equal to a given expr
?
here is a test example:
lemma test: ∀ x: ℕ, let y := x in x ≠ y := begin intros, sorry end
I want a function all_def_eq
which takes in y
and spits out x
.
You can use list.mfilter
and tactic.is_def_eq
to filter the local context for things that are defeq to a given expr.
sorry, how do i make a boolean out of is_def_eq
?
ah. succeeds
seems to do the trick. thanks!
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


This is an implementation of the causal identifification algorithm described in Ilya Shpitser and Judea Pearl, Complete Identification Methods for the Causal Hierarchy It answers the question, is P(y|do(x)) identifiable in the graph you have drawn. If the query is identifiable then it is possible (in the infinite data limit) to calculate a point estimate for the causal effect on y of an intervention on x from purely observational data .
- Pick a graph from the slider or draw your own
- Add nodes by clicking on the canvas
- Select nodes by clicking on an existing node
- Add directed links by selecting the source node and then clicking on the destination node
- Add an undirected link (confounding variable) as above but hold down Cntl before clicking the destination node
- Label a node as the intervened on variable by selecting it and pushing the X key
- Label a node as the target variable by selecting it and pushing the Y key
- Remove a node from the target or intervened on variables by selecting it and pushing the Z key
- Remove nodes by selecting them and then hitting delete
- Remove an existing edge by adding it again


The java.rmi.server package contains interfaces and classes typically used to implement remote objects.
java.rmi.server
The RemoteObject Class The RemoteServer Class The UnicastRemoteObject Class The Unreferenced Interface The RMISecurityManager Class The RMIClassLoader Class The LoaderHandler Interface RMI Socket Factories The RMIFailureHandler Interface The LogStream Class Stub and Skeleton Compiler
RemoteObject
RemoteServer
UnicastRemoteObject
Unreferenced
RMISecurityManager
RMIClassLoader
LoaderHandler
RMIFailureHandler
LogStream


Welcome to Context Service Management
Register Application with Context Service
Deregister Application with Context Service
Registration status:


You should Expect from Profflow
Cross-browser & device use
you & your viewer can access profflow
in any borwser or device.
Two-factor Auth
With Two-factor auth profile data gonna be
locked for un-authorised access.
Free use
You can use it for free of cost.Means no
cost for show-off.
Easy to use
Profflow comes with greateasy to use UI,
for all type of user.
Dark Theme
Every one likes dark theme, so we made profflow
attched with dark theme.
Unlimited data storage
In profflow there is no restriction on data.
Now you can can show your all colours.