Introducing the new Ubuntu Edge
4 days ago Canonical made a teaser on the ubuntu.com website making people wonder what it could be. I have seen many articles on the internet trying to guess what it is, but today Canonical reveals the new Ubuntu Edge. Note that the following is taken from Canonical's speech (not my words)
What is ubuntu Edge?
In the car industry, Formula 1 provides a commercial testbed for cutting-edge technologies. The Ubuntu Edge project aims to do the same for the mobile phone industry -- to provide a low-volume, high-technology platform, crowdfunded by enthusiasts and mobile computing professionals. A pioneering project that accelerates the adoption of new technologies and drives them down into the mainstream.
[gallery type="rectangular" link="file" columns="1" ids="156,157,158,159"]
This beautifully crafted smartphone is a proving ground for the most advanced mobile technologies on the horizon, a showpiece for true mobile innovation. And at the heart of it all is convergence: connect to any monitor and this Ubuntu phone transforms into an Ubuntu PC, with a fully integrated desktop OS and shared access to all files.
We’re fascinated by converged computing, the idea that the smartphone in your pocket can also be the brain of the PC on your desk. We’ve shaped Ubuntu so you can transition seamlessly between the two environments. Now all that’s needed is a phone that’s designed from the ground up to be a PC as well.
The Ubuntu Edge is our very own superphone, a catalyst to drive the next generation of personal computing.
The Hardware
We’ve scoured the research labs of the biggest companies and most exciting startups for the latest and greatest mobile technologies to specify the first-generation Edge.
Crafted from cool, textured amorphous metal, the Edge has a distinctive, precise look but its rakishly chamfered edges are shaped to fit naturally in the palm -- our design prototype already has a wonderfully solid feel. It’s the right size, too. Edge gestures are the next big thing in mobile, and our testing has found that a 4.5in screen is ideal for comfortable control of all four edges with one hand.
We also believe the race for ever higher resolution has become a distraction. Beyond 300ppi you’re adding overhead rather than improving display clarity. We think colour, brightness and dynamic range are now the edge of invention so we’ll choose a display for its balance of resolution, dynamic range and colour accuracy.
We’ll protect that gorgeous display with something vastly tougher than glass: pure sapphire crystal, a material so hard only diamond could scratch it. For a phone to run a full desktop OS, it must have the raw power of a PC. We’ll choose the fastest available multi-core processor, at least 4GB of RAM and a massive 128GB of storage. The battery will use silicon-anode technology, so we can squeeze more energy into the same dimensions.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFN4k-AFEbw
With that kind of muscle, this phone can be your main PC anywhere -- and we really do mean anywhere. You can use the desktop wherever you can find a standard HDMI screen, and the dual-LTE chip will get you online with 4G even when you’re travelling abroad. It’s desktop computing gone truly mobile.
The Software
Next-generation hardware deserves innovative software. The Ubuntu Edge will dual-boot both the Ubuntu phone OS and Android, and convert into a fully integrated Ubuntu desktop PC.
First, Ubuntu mobile. We designed the interface to create a beautiful home screen that’s free from the usual clutter. You navigate by swiping over an edge of the screen: open your favourite apps on the left edge, switch instantly between open apps from the right, and use the system and app toolbars at the top and bottom respectively. It’s so simple, Ubuntu doesn’t need a home button at all.
Specialist data artists have designed Ubuntu’s welcome screen, with graphics that evolve over time to reflect your use of the phone. We’ve reinvented the inbox so you can read and respond to texts, emails and social media posts in an instant.
From mobile... to desktop. Yes, it’s the full Ubuntu desktop OS used by millions on a daily basis -- and it runs directly from the phone, so you’ll be able to move seamlessly from one environment to the other with no file syncing or transfers required. The core OS and applications are fully integrated with their smartphone equivalents, so you can even make and receive calls from the desktop while you work.
Finally, you can also boot the phone into Android. And there’s a good reason for that...
The rollout plan
As well as being a bonus for app developers and anyone with a big Android app collection, including Android on the phone means we’re able to offer full convergence at launch. On day one, you’ll be able to launch the Ubuntu desktop from within Android using our existing Ubuntu for Android app. That integration is fully functional today, as you can see from this video.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtNhlVn3ETQ
Then shortly after launch we’ll push out a free software update that adds this desktop integration to Ubuntu mobile as well. That’s the real goal we’re working towards. At that point you’ll have a leading-edge smartphone that runs Ubuntu and Android, both of which can also run a fully integrated Ubuntu desktop OS. What other phone can match that?
However you choose to use Ubuntu Edge, the incredible components will keep it running fast and fresh as our software evolves. We’ll push out monthly Ubuntu software updates to add features and polish, and we guarantee to keep supporting the phone for three years.
For the developers
HTML5 apps written for other platforms can be brought over to Ubuntu with ease, and any web property can quickly be adapted to run as a web app, with its own icon and access to system services. For richer applications, use our QML toolkit for amazingly productive high-performance engineering.
But best of all, using the Ubuntu SDK you can write and upload a single native application that has desktop, tablet and phone interfaces. It’s a developer’s dream.
Technical specifications
- Dual boot Ubuntu mobile OS and Android
- Fully integrated Ubuntu desktop PC when docked
- Fastest multi-core CPU, 4GB RAM, 128GB storage
- 4.5in 1,280 x 720 HD sapphire crystal display
- 8mp low-light rear camera, 2mp front camera
- Dual-LTE, dual-band 802.11n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4, NFC
- GPS, accelerometer, gyro, proximity sensor, compass, barometer
- Stereo speakers with HD audio, dual-mic recording, Active Noise Cancellation
- MHL connector, 3.5mm jack
- Silicon-anode Li-Ion battery
- 64 x 9 x 124mm
Specifications are subject to change.
To read more about the project, the risks and challenges, please refer to the indiegogo page.
Related articles
- 4 Day Countdown Appears on Ubuntu Website (omgubuntu.co.uk)


{% load static %}
Payment made easier with Rentalinks systems. You can pay for your rent, storage services and any other services with just your Mpesa. The landlords can collect payment for their rent and any accept other payment for other services.
Payment made easier with Rentalinks systems. You can pay for your rent, storage services and any other services with just your Mpesa. The landlords can collect payment for their rent and any accept other payment for other services.
Payment made easier with Rentalinks systems. You can pay for your rent, storage services and any other services with just your Mpesa. The landlords can collect payment for their rent and any accept other payment for other services.
Payment made easier with Rentalinks systems. You can pay for your rent, storage services and any other services with just your Mpesa. The landlords can collect payment for their rent and any accept other payment for other services.
Most students dont know even how to write a cheque. Make their lives easier to to make your life easier
Give your commercial tenants the proffessional experience they deserve.
Automation and powerful tools make managing your residential properties simpler than ever.


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A real-time online team forming app for any event
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The following roles and their capabilities are supported in teamform:


Add Songs - To add a song you need to click on the AddSongs button and select the songs(MP3 files).The first song will start playing.
Search - To search for a song you need to enter the song title and click on the Search button. If the Song is found, it will start playing.
Save - To save the tracklist on a CSV file you need to click on the Save button.
Play - If you stop or pause a song you can play it, you just need to click on the Play button.
Stop - To stop the current song, you need to click on the Stop button.
Pause - To Pause the current song, you need to click on the Pause button.
First - To play the first song, you need to click on the First button.
Previous - To play the previous song, you need to click on the Previous button.
Next - To play the next song, you need to click on the Next button.
Last - To play the last song, you need to click on the Last button.


--- layout: post title: Bypassing Android Anti-Emulation, Part (II) tags: [security, Android, reversing, bypass, anti emulation, apktool, jadx, challenge] --- {% comment %} https://learn.cloudcannon.com/jekyll/date-formatting/ http://www.timestampgenerator.com/ {% endcomment %}
TL;DR: In this second post I'll show you the resolution of the challenge, using two tools. The first in focus on the "Jadx interpretation" and the second in focus on the "Apktool interpretation" (You can see Part I here).
If we install the application inside the emulator and run it, we will see something similar to the screenshot below.. If we write some alphanumeric input a warning stating "This Devices is not supported" will appear. Since we don't know why this happened, we can use jadx to obtain the .java code and use it as a starting point to determine the reason.
Of course, we can also use apktool or unzip the APK file to know more about the application, and maybe obtain some other kind of information. In this approach, we will focus on the .java code and try to understand the application workflow.
To decompile the APK, using jadx is enough for this challenge, although there are lots of Java decompilers out there that we could also use.
$jadx ReverzeMe1.apkWe can see some errors and warnings in the images above, but for the purpose of this post they’re not important. Once the decompilation process has finished, the tool should have created a folder with all the decompiled files, which look like this:
If we look for the text with the warning we saw earlier, we’ll find a "toast", which is a view containing a quick little message for the user. The toast class helps you create and manage them. We can also note that the message is shown depending on the value returned by "ChallengeJNI.this.checkIfDeviceIsEmulator().booleanValue()".
What do you think about this line?? :).
Let’s take a look at the implementation of the "checkIfDeviceIsEmulator()" function:
Basically what it is doing is checking some strings against a set of predefined strings, like we saw in the “Anti-Emulation Checks” before. Now we will try to bypass them.
Like we already saw, we need to modify the checkIfDeviceIsEmulator() function in order to bypass the application’s validation, so now we are going to use apktool to do that.
After we have installed apktool, we can check the options tool. For now we will focus on the decode (‘d’) and build (‘b’) options. Apktool needs an input .apk, which in this case is the one from the challenge we are trying to solve.
$apktoolTo decode the application execute the following command:
$apktool d ReverseMe1.apk -output reverseme_apktoolWe can see the internal structure of the decoded APK, the AndroidManifest.xml file and the differents folders like the smali code. Is important to remember the normal APK structure.
After decoding the app, we can see the AndroidManifest.xml.
If we look inside the Smali folder we can see all the smali files
$more ChallengeJNI\$1.smali $more ChallengeJNI.smaliAs we can see, working with smali code is harder than with java, so we will move to java decompilers to analyze and interpreter the application code. And after that, we will modify the application to obtain the bypass’ smali code and re build the application. To do that we will make use of some dalvik opcodes.
This link is really useful, I used it to create a table showing some of the most interesting examples from the “dalvik opcodes” used by the application.
Something that we will see very often in the code is a line like this:
“.method private checkIfDeviceIsEmulator ()Ljava/lang/Boolean;”It’s important to understand the meaning of this, so let’s break it down:
That is all! In Part (III) I will solve the challenge using what we have learned.
Bye!


Sourcecode
The soucecode for Nest can be pulled from the subversion repository at
https://nest.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/nest
.
You can browse the repository on the
sourceforge page
.


Don't Use Two Spaces After A Period
When I was learning to blind type, I would always use two spaces after a period. I don't know where I learned this from, because I don't remember my typing instructor ever requiring me to use two spaces.
When I wrote a book my editor jumped down my throat for using two spaces. I remember thinking how hard it was going to be to retrain myself to type one space instead of two after a sentence. It actually only took me about 3 days before I had retrained my muscle memory.
I've even brought up the spacing ssue with friends and colleagues. I didn't realize how contested the two space vs. one space topic was. Very rarely does someone argue on the side of one space.
Origins of Double Spacing
The two spaces after a period does not originate from typewriters. Let's clear that issue right now. Feel free to read a long diatribe as to why that is not true.
In, The Complete Manual of Typography, the origin of double spacing comes from people believing "a single space... was not wide enough to create a sufficient space between sentences."
Early typesetters used an em space after periods. The em space is about the same width as two non-em spaces. This was a very common practice among typesetters. Even the United States Declaration of Independence uses em spaces after periods.
I should note that the practice of using em spaces however was not universal. Some typesetters used one, two, three, or even four non-em spaces after periods.
If you're using a typewriter, or the courier font, you should absolutely be using two spaces after a period. Due to monospacing, one space after a period isn't enough to visually queue you to know when the end of a sentence has occurred.
So for the same reason that double-spacing typewritten lines is the norm, using two word spaces after periods is, too. It's a question of balancing the white space bound up in each character with the spaces around them. In addition, a single word space simply lacks the visual impact to cue the reader that a sentence has ended. The punctuation mark alone, in short, isn't enough to punctuate the texture of the type flow.
It's Distracting
Since I was required to use one space it is uncomfortable reading anything with two spaces. My eye and mind are distracted from reading the content being presented and I find myself getting mad at the author for not using single spacing.
This is actually a common thought many readers have. James Felici, says, double spacing, although not wrong, looks like a mistake.
The problem with [using double spacing] these days is that it looks like a mistake. We're not used to seeing these white holes peppering the page, so the wider spaces look inappropriately large.
Ignorance
Many people prefer double sentence spacing for informal use because that was how they were taught to type.
Why is typing a double space after the end of a sentence such a common practice? And why do so many writers still deliver copy this way? The answer: typing class! This is how most of us were taught to type (and still are, in many cases). The two-space habit is based on the limitations of typewriters; specifically, of typewriter fonts.
If you ever use the excuse, "It's what I was taught," you clearly can't think for yourself. Humans wouldn't be the powerful creatures we have become if we were comfortable with status quo. The ability to change, adapt, and build typewriters is what makes us the smartest animal in the kingdom.
Use One Space
Modern machines use proportional typefaces, so you shouldn't use two spaces after a period. People will think you are using two spaces out of ignorance and it will be perceived as a mistake.
In, The Effect of Text Spacing After the Period on Time for On-Screen Reading Tasks, researchers wanted to determine if spacing between sentences affected the time taken to complete reading text.
Although the mean of the reading time indicated that the 'double space' group took longer time to finish reading the passages as compared to the 'single space' group, the time difference were not statistically significant.
Although the results aren't statistically significant, it may be increase your personal reading time.


--- layout: post title: Comic book heroes make it date: 2004-12-16 00:00:00 categories: business mobile play ---
Comic book heroes make it to mobile: "Yes, comics, movies, RPG’s and computer games are invariably on the geek-diet, so this is sure to rake in the dough for whoever gets there first, revenue sharing will be based on customer downloads."
Hmm, what happened to Riot-E? I've written about them before here, they were a well-funded Finnish company (motto: "we don't make games. we create riots") who spent a lot of money buying up the rights for Marvel characters, Bridget Jones, and even (I think) Lord of The Rings... then failed to do much of value with them and went under. Someone was doing a film about them, I think - we met them in 2000 and had a brief chat, but all they were interested in doing back then was SMS games (which, you may have noticed, aren't all that much fun).
So - big licenses don't guarantee success.


Graphic design
personal project
personal project
Graphic design
Black Finesse EP cover front
Black Finesse EP cover back
Graphic design
personal project
personal project
Graphic design
personal project
personal project
Graphic design
Beer label x TheBroda
Event Poster x Seaty
Graphic design
Beer label L.Ed. x TheBroda
Beer label L.Ed. x TheBroda
Graphic design
Beer label golden ale x TheBroda
Beer label x Yuyhe
Graphic design
Beer label xmas xTheBroda
personal project


Biwa-ko Mainichi Marathon
Otsu JPN
Website: lakebiwa-marathon.com/index_e.html
Race Winners
(74 runnings)
04 Mar
2007
2:10:43
05 Mar
2006
2:09:15
06 Mar
2005
2:09:00
07 Mar
2004
2:07:42
02 Mar
2003
2:07:39
03 Mar
2002
2:08:35
04 Mar
2001
2:07:34
05 Mar
2000
2:08:14
07 Mar
1999
2:08:50
01 Mar
1998
2:08:43
02 Mar
1997
2:08:05
03 Mar
1996
2:09:32
19 Mar
1995
2:10:49
06 Mar
1994
2:11:05
14 Mar
1993
2:11:01
15 Mar
1992
2:13:15
10 Mar
1991
2:11:34
11 Mar
1990
2:13:03
12 Mar
1989
2:14:31
13 Mar
1988
2:12:41
08 Mar 1987
2:11:08
09 Mar 1986
2:14:55
10 Mar 1985
2:11:04
11 Mar 1984
2:14:24
13 Mar 1983
2:13:22
14 Mar 1982
2:15:23
15 Mar 1981
2:14:38
23 Mar 1980
2:14:33
15 Apr 1979
2:13:26
23 Apr 1978
2:15:15.4
17 Apr 1977
2:14:08
18 Apr 1976
2:15:22
20 Apr 1975
2:12:40
21 Apr 1974
2:13:24
18 Mar 1973
2:12:03
19 Mar 1972
2:20:24
21 Mar 1971
2:16:46
12 Apr 1970
2:13:46
11 May 1969
2:22:44
14 Apr 1968
2:13:49
14 May 1967
2:25:53
05 Jun 1966
2:26:01.6
09 May 1965
2:22:56
12 Apr 1964
2:17:12
12 May 1963
2:20:25
13 May 1962
2:27:37
25 Jun 1961
2:29:27
15 May 1960
2:34:57
10 May 1959
2:30:06
11 May 1958
2:25:51
03 May
1957
2:31:30
06 May 1956
2:27:45
08 May 1955
2:26:32
16 May 1954
2:27:56
10 May 1953
2:41:28
04 May 1952
2:29:56
06 May 1951
2:32:41
07 May 1950
2:37:25
04 May
1949
2:40:32
09 May 1948
2:40:05
18 May 1947
2:43:17
10 Feb 1946
2:44:57
Notes: 1946 was the inaugural year. Races for 1962 and earlier were held at nearby Osaka. The 1963-65 races were
held in Tokyo, the 1994 race was held in Hiroshima under the name Mainichi International. The race was known as
the Mainichi Marathon thru 1982. Dates in light colors are in question because they are not the traditional Sunday race
day. The 1949 race would have been expected to be on 08 May; the 1957 race would have been expected to be on 05
May.
10 Mar
2019
2:07:52
Salah Eddine Bounasr (MAR)
04 Mar
2018
2:07:53
Macharia Ndirangu (KEN)
05 Mar
2017
2:09:06
Ezekiel Chebii Kiptoo (KEN)
06 Mar
2015
2:09:11
Lucas Kimeli Rotich (KEN)
01 Mar
2015
2:09:08
Samuel Ndungu Wanjiku-2
02 Mar
2014
2:09:10
Bazu Worku Hayla (ETH)
03 Mar
2013
2:08:34
Vincent Kipruto Limo (KEN)
04 Mar
2012
2:07:04
Samuel Ndungu Wanjiku (KEN)
06 Mar
2011
2:06:13
Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich (KEN)
07 Mar
2010
2:09:34
Yemane Adhane Tsegay (ETH) (nc)
01 Mar
2009
2:10:22
Paul Tergat (KEN)
02 Mar
2008
2:08:23
Hassan Mubarak Shami (QAT)
Samson Ramadhani (TAN) (nc)
Jose Rios-2
Joseph Riri (KEN)
Jose Rios (ESP) (nc)
Japhet Kosgei (KEN)
Ryuji Takei (JPN)
Antonio Peña (ESP) (nc)
Martin Fiz-3
Martin Fiz-2
Muneyuki Ojima (JPN) (nc)
Martin Fiz (ESP)
Joaquim Pinheiro (POR) (nc)
Yuji Nakamura (JPN)
Kenichi Suzuki (JPN) (nc)
Mike O'Reilly-2
Michael O'Reilly (ENG) (nc)
Simon Mrashani (TAN)
Eddy Hellebuyck (BEL) (nc)
Toru Kozasu (JPN)
Toshihiko Seko (JPN) (nc)
Fumiaki Abe-2
Toshihiro Shibutani (JPN) (nc)
Fumiaki Abe (JPN)
Tetsuji Iwase (JPN) (nc)
Koshiro Kawaguchi (JPN)
Michio Mizukubo (JPN) (nc)
Masao Matsuo (JPN)
Hiroshi Yuge (JPN) (nc)
Shigeru So (JPN)
Takeshi So (JPN) (nc)
Karel Lismont (BEL)
Akio Usami-5 (nc)
Akio Usami-4
Akio Usami-3 (nc)
Frank Shorter (USA)
Akio Usami-2 (nc)
Yoshiaki Unetani (JPN)
William Adcocks (ENG) (nc)
Kazuo Matsubara (JPN)
Akio Usami (JPN)
(nc)
Yoshiro Mifune-2
Yoshiro Mifune (JPN) (nc)
Abebe Bikila (ETH)
Kenji Kimihara-2 (nc)
Kenji Kimihara (JPN)
Masayuki Nagata (JPN)
Abebe Bikila (ETH)
Nobuyoshi Sadanaga (JPN) (nc)
Kurao Hiroshima-3
Takayuki Nakao (JPN)
Kurao Hiroshima-2
Yoshiaki Kawashima (JPN)
Kurao Hiroshima (JPN)
Hideo Hamamura (JPN)
Hiroshi Uwa (JPN)
Yoshitaka Uchikawa (JPN)
Tadashi Asai (JPN)
Giichi Noda (JPN)
Saburo Yamada (JPN)
Shinzo Koga-3
Shinzo Koga-2
Shinzo Koga (JPN)
(nc) => national champion.
2009 Tomoyuki Sato was the national champion (2nd place, 2:10:07)
2007 Mitsuru Kubota was the national champion (6th place, 2:12:50)
2004 Tadayuki Ojima was the national champion (2nd place, 2:08:18)
2001 Shigeru Aburaya was the national champion (3rd place, 2:07:52)
1996 Hiroshi Tako was the national champion (6th place, 2:12:24)
1992 Michael O'Reilly (ENG) was named the Japanese national champion. Takashi Kondo was the first JPN (2nd place,
2:13:21)
1990 Eddy Hellebuyck (BEL) was named the Japanese national champion. Takeshi So was the first JPN (2nd place, 2:13:58)
1970 William Adcocks (ENG) was named the Japanese national champion. Yoshiaki Unetani was the first JPN (2nd place,
2:14:19)
Most Wins (1946-date)
Men
5
Akio Usami (JPN)
1968,1972,1974-76
Prize Money
Prize money cannot be awarded in Japanese road races due to legal restrictions.
Race Time Bias
(sec/km)
Year Men 2017 -1.6 2016 +4.5 2015 +5.1 2014 +0.1 2013 -0.0 2012 -1.4 2011 -1.2 2010 +1.5 2009 +0.3 2008 +1.4 2007 +3.4 2006 -0.6 2005 +0.3 2004 -2.5 2003 +0.4 2002 -1.3 2001 -1.7 2000 -1.4 1999 -0.7 1998 -0.1 1997 -2.7 1996 +0.5 1995 -2.0 1994 -1.8 1993 -1.3 1992 -0.1 1991 -0.4 1990 +0.4 Avg +0.1
Competitive Level (1990-date)
Year Men 2017 730 2016 622 2015 662 2014 742 2013 634 2012 665 2011 731 2010 690 2009 572 2008 574 2007 587 2006 620 2005 581 2004 603 2003 727 2002 654 2001 585 2000 562 1999 489 1998 637 1997 636 1996 527 1995 n/c 1994 394 1993 487 1992 219
Quality Performances through 2019
Men <2:07 1 <2:08 14 <2:09 43 <2:10 97 <2:11 141 <2:12 201 <2:13 277 <2:14 364 <2:15 481
Last Updated on 14 Mar 2019
Contributors: Andy Milroy, Malcolm Heyworth, Ken Nakamura, Wim vanHemert, Shigenobu Ota, Brett Larner (17)


Welcome to Language Aid!
This installer package will setup Language Aid for all users on this machine by installing these components:
- Language Aid Application - The actual application
- Language Aid Preference Pane - Manages configuration and registration
- Language Aid Contextual Menu Plugin - Allows for use as a contextual menu option
- Uninstall Script - Removes Language Aid (accessed by the preference pane)
- Plugin Modules - A few plugin modules written by Aoren Software to start off with:
- WWWJDIC - Japanese dictionary lookups
- MDBG - Chinese dictionary lookups
- Wikipedia - Wikipedia entry lookup
- Google - Immediate search access
- Google Translate - Language translation in a variety of languages
This installer will install these files into these directories:
/Library/Application Support/Language Aid
/Library/PreferencePanes
/Library/Contextual Menu Items
If you wish to uninstall this package then click the "Uninstall" button in the preference pane.


Deploy WorkFlow
DeployStatus
ID:
deployName:
serviceName:
taskAll:
taskNext:
taskRunning:
taskRemian:
taskFinished:
taskFailed:
DeployDetails
Loading，Please wait a moment...
Info
Operation Success


Collapse to accordions
Ned
Edward Starks
Has a sword named Ice
No direwolf
Lord of Winterfell
Jon
Jon Snow
Has a sword named Longclaw
Direwolf: Ghost
Knows nothing
Arya
Arya Stark
Has a sword named Needle
Direwolf: Nymeria
No one


Write a program to check for a Leap Year. Sounds easy right?
I am sure everyone has at least once witnessed a complex system which always seem to be a very simple one. We take these simple systems for granted and assume that this is how it must work. But digging deeper in the history we often find something which is amazing and shakes our entire understanding of the system. Gregorian calender system is one such system. How? Let’s find out…
An year, in very simple terms, can be said as that time period which Earth takes to complete one full revolution around the Sun. We found that one year is around 365 and one-fourth days. To adjust this one fourth day, we added one full day to every fourth year. This was the basis of Julian calender system which existed before 1752.
But to be precise one year is 365.2424 days. So whenever we were celebrating the new year day, Earth covered a little more path in it’s elliptical path, than one complete revolution. This small change accumulates and becomes a difference of 11 days in about 1600 years.
What the difference of 11 days means? It means whatever the Earth’s position is it today, it will be ahead of it by 11 days in about full 1600 years.
Now this lead to some discrepancy among various religions when to celebrate their occasions as some followed moon’s cycle.
In order to correct this and save future trouble some decisions were made in year 1752. If you are hearing them for the first time, you’ll be amazed to know it. They are as follows:
-
Pope said in a stern voice (I am being dramatic here)- “Erase these eleven days as we are already ahead according to the time of year”. And hence eleven days from September month of year 1752 were erased. Dates from 3rd September to 13th September 1752 don’t exist. Surprised? It’s true.
-
Pope also said that from now on only those years will be leap years who are divisible by 4 or by 400. Century years that are divisible by 100 but not by 400 will not be leap years.
I think pope was a mathematician or he had an advisor who was good in mathematics. I say this because giving this rule of calculating leap years ensured that we will not fall into the same trouble in future again.
How? Let’s see…
According to rule 2 above, calculate how many days there will be in 400 years.
(Thought process….
Hmmm, in 400 years there will be 100 leap years according to old definition, but then I have to cancel those century years which are not divisible by 400, there are 3 such century years in a range of 400 years. So volla, in 400 years number of leap years are- 97 LEAP YEARS. )
Total days in 400 years (According to calender) = 400*365 + 97 = 146097 days.
Now we know that one year consists of 365.2424 days. How many days in 400 years?
Total days in 400 years (According to observation)= 400*365.2424 = 146096.96 days.
It comes almost same with a difference of 0.04 day in 400 years. That’s bearable. And hence the law was signed to bring the rules in effect immediately.
I know, this sounds bizarre right? But this is how it is.
If you still have some doubts, read this:
There is a cal command in linux systems which gives calender of years in range 1 to 9999.
Check for year 100. You will find it as a leap year because the new rule was implemented in 1752.
Need something more? Check calender of year 1752 and look for September month. You’ll find 11 days missing.
Also to support what I have said, calculate this:
We got the difference of 0.04 days in 400 years. In how many years will this difference be of one full day?
Years for difference of 1 day = 400/0.04 = 10,000 years. And that is the range of cal command because it hasn’t been decided where to put this one more extra day.
Be force with you!!!!


Greater-than sign >
selects child elements of the parent element.
ParentElement>ChildElements
Note Yes, you can select paragraphs by using .me
selector, but let's do something new here :)
no no no ! not me!
select me
and me
me as well
and me
not me!


WITNESS LIST Appropriations-S/C on Criminal Justice Committee June 20, 2000-9:00A 2001-2005 Inmate Pop. Projections On: Fabelo, Tony (Criminal Justice Policy Council) Garrett, Gerald (Bd of Pardons and Paroles) Rodriguez, Victor (Dept. of Criminal Justice) Scott, Wayne (Dept. of Criminal Justice)


Honzi/Personal Bests/Hearthstone/Forged in the Barrens
| Flurry (Rank 1)
| 0
| Rare
| Mage
| 1
|
|
| Altar of Fire
| 1
| Epic
| Warlock
| 1
|
|
| Grimoire of Sacrifice
| 1
| Common
| Warlock
| 2
|
|
| Tuskpiercer
| 1
| Rare
| Demon Hunter
| 1
|
|
| Wound Prey
| 1
| Common
| Hunter
| 1
|
|
| Bulk Up
| 2
| Common
| Warrior
| 1
|
|
| Efficient Octo-bot
| 2
| Common
| Rogue
| 1
|
|
| Imp Swarm (Rank 1)
| 2
| Common
| Warlock
| 1
|
|
| Lushwater Scout
| 2
| Common
| Neutral
| 1
|
|
| Peon
| 2
| Common
| Neutral
|
| 2
|
| Razorboar
| 2
| Common
| Demon Hunter
| 2
|
|
| Talented Arcanist
| 2
| Common
| Neutral
| 1
|
|
| Toad of the Wilds
| 2
| Common
| Neutral
| 1
|
|
| Arid Stormer
| 3
| Common
| Shaman
| 1
|
|
| Hog Rancher
| 3
| Common
| Neutral
|
| 2
|
| Horde Operative
| 5
| Rare
| Neutral
|
| 1
|
| Mankrik
| 3
| Legendary
| Neutral
| 1
|
|
| Mor'shan Watch Post
| 3
| Rare
| Neutral
| 1
| 2
|
| Sunwell Initiate
| 3
| Common
| Neutral
| 1
|
|
| Swinetusk Shank
| 3
| Epic
| Rogue
| 1
|
|
| Venomous Scorpid
| 3
| Common
| Neutral
|
| 2
|
| Vile Call
| 3
| Common
| Demon Hunter
| 2
|
|
| Gold Road Grunt
| 5
| Common
| Neutral
| 1
|
|
| Gruntled Patron
| 4
| Common
| Neutral
| 2
|
|
| Invigorating Sermon
| 4
| Common
| Paladin
| 2
|
|
| Burning Blade Acolyte
| 5
| Rare
| Neutral
|
| 1
|
| Priest of An'she
| 5
| Epic
| Priest
| 1
|
|
| Shadow Hunter Vol'jin
| 5
| Legendary
| Neutral
| 1
|
|
| Mordresh Fire Eye
| 5
| Legendary
| Mage
| 1
|
|


Magrathea can cater for you - we are not proud
Introduction
What is IRC ?
Basically, IRC allows you to chat to many people across the world
simultaneously through a group conference (channels) or on an individual
level (private messages). There's not much more to IRC than that usually,
except that you can transfer files across the world using it and, of course,
you meet an extraordinarily diverse group of people.
What programs are there ?
Currently the IRC scene is positively bustling with clients being written for
it. There are three known groups developing IRC clients (the program used to
access the IRC network) :
- iXRC, by QuadWorks
This will be a commercial IRC client, and is currently being written in C by
a group of four programmers who can usually be found 'hanging around on
#acorn' - Jonix, TheMage, Ajith. Currently nobody outside the group
has seen iXRC, though if the reports from it's writers are to be believed
it's definately going to be something to watch out for. Some of it's features
include writable icons for each channel or chat, dcc chat and send, BASIC
style scripting and a few 'secret' features.
- Rabbit, by RiscTaker
Whilst I haven't seen much of RiscTaker on IRC recently, I've heard some very
interesting things about Rabbit. Rabbit, it would appear, is a scripted IRC
client which can do much of the work of other applications with very little
configuration. However, information is sketchy, so I'm reluctant to say more.
- IRClient, by Matthew Godbolt
IRClient comes in two flavours - 0.16 and 0.22. The main reason for this is
that Matthew got fed up and re-wrote the whole application after 0.16 was
released. 0.16 uses a single window to perform all operations, but has dcc
chat and send working. 0.22 however uses multiple windows for chats, but
doesn't include dcc options.
Currently however, the only freely available clients are IRClient 0.16 and
0.22, so these tend to be the most often used.
So what is Magrathea ?
Magrathea is a set of scripts for IRClient 0.24 onwards. I hear you all
crying out that I just said IRClient had only got 0.16 and 0.22 versions -
the thing is that 0.24 (and recently 0.26) have yet to be released due to
their instability. When they are released however, you'll know pretty much
what to expect...
Ok, so what will I expect ?
IRClient 0.22 based around a script system for it's entire connection so it
is extremely expandable. The fact that the script is actually BASIC only
makes it easier to modify. It is BASIC of a sort, before you re-read
the last line. The entire BASIC language has been re-written in Assembler by
Matthew simply to provide an easy to use programming interface for the
client. This in itself is pretty amazing (well, I think so), but
better still, the language has been improved.
An improvement to BASIC ?
One of the things about BASIC which makes it so difficult to expand is the
fact that you can't just replace one routine by another, whilst keeping the
functionality of the first - Overloading procedures and functions. When this
was first added it was thought that it would be just a novelty thing, however
this one thing has had enormous implications for the entire language.
For example, say you have a routine to display text in the window, with
the form PROCDisplay(message$,from$,window$)
. This is all fine
and dandy, and you've used it throughout your code. However, you suddenly
think it might be useful to have things logged to a file. With normal BASIC
it's not too hard, as you just do a search and replace for
PROCDisplay(
and replace it with (for example)
PROCLog_Display(
. But, if you have lots of libraries which use
the PROCDisplay
routine you'll have to go through each of those
replacing the calls.
IRClient however, allows you to get around this much more simply. If you
include a routine in another library (or module as they are called) which is
also called PROCDisplay
then it will be called before the
original routine. So you can quite happily output the message to the file
with something like :
o=OPENOUT("$.file")
BPUT#o,message$
and then stick on the end of the procedure a call to
PROC@(message$,from$,win$)
which will pass the call onto the
original routine. Or more specifically, pass the call on to the routine
called prior to that module being loaded.
Before you start wondering how useful that is, I'll just mention a few of
the calls which I've used overloading to provide extensions :
PROCInitaliseModule
Every module has this procedure if it wishes to set up some variables for
itself. Since every module is called in turn this can lead to problems with
the dependancies.
FNOverload_ScriptInfo
Any major module (which provides functionality to the client) should contain
this function to return it's name.
PROCOverload_UnknownCommand
If the user enters an unknown command in a chat window it is passed to this
procedure. Each individual module can check the command against it's own list
of commands, process it if it recognises it, and pass the call on if it
doesn't.
PROCOverload_UnknownCTCPRequest
Whenever another client issues a CTCP (Client To Client Protocol - used for
encoding more complex functions) request to you, this routine is called and,
like the UnknownCommand call, it is processed by each to give them a chance
to reply and perform any actions necessary.
How fast is all this then ?
You've probably been wondering how fast this all runs whilst you are
connected, what with all this overloading and things. Well, I'm developing
Magrathea on my A5000 running it locally and over an intranet consisting of
an econet connection to another A5000
and through a slip connection to an amiga and to be quite honest it's not bad
at all. On that system I'll admit that IRClient actually runs faster than the
intranet link, but on the pipex connection I was using at home I was still
very much able to use the computer for other things (memory constraints
excepting).
What are we working on then ?
Recently, I redesigned the entire layout of the Magrathea directory such that
it's now very modular. Each extension module lives in a directory called
Modules, in directories containing their resources and possibly a dependancy
file.
Because of the way in which the overloads work, it isn't simply possible to
scan the Modules directory and load everything. When I did this I
found that those module which added extra features to other modules might not
start up in the right order and so the overloads wouldn't be performed. Thus,
I had to write a dependancy processor so that the modules can be loaded in
the correct order. Unfortunately, as you can add or remove modules now at any
time (and soon there will be a configuration option to install or remove
modules), it is possible that this could occur before you connect, or in the
time between disconnecting and re-connecting, this needs to be done at run
time.
Thus, we have a dependancy module living in the 'Default' directory, which
checks a file showing the dependancies, constructs a dependancy tree, loads
the files in the correct order and reports any loops and invalid dependancies
to you. Some may argue that this is a tad over the top for a simple IRC
client, but the way I've attempted to make the system modular means that
these horrible things must be included.
Go on then... What else ?
Other recent additions include a Scheduler module (which will allow you to
use PROCAddCallBack
to ensure that you are called back after a
certain period), a Logs module (performing appoximately the code above), and
a Samples module (to play samples when particular events take place).
Yes... and ?
Oh, alright then, you've talked me into it, but don't tell anyone; this can
be our little secret, alright ?
Currently there are 20 individual modules, of which only some are actually
useful to the end user. Those of interest are :
Plus, of course there is the main IRCLib module which control the main
connection and the other subservient modules.
Lets see this thing in action then...
Well, I've told you what it does, so here's a view of IRC in use locally (I'm
paying the bills now, so I'm not on the modem !) :
Summary
As I'm sure you'll realise I haven't actually told you much about what the
scripts can do, and very little about how the programming works. There are
three very good reasons for this. One of them is that I don't want to give
the game away too much. The second is that there is a quite
exceptionally large amount of code and resources, and to describe even a
small fraction can take more time than I have to actually code them. The
third reason has escaped me - it's probably run off with the milkman if I
know it. Which I don't.
If you'd like to find out more about the IRClient programming language,
you can mail myself at
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or Matthew at
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>but be warned
that we're both very busy with writing, and possibly even having a life as
well, so we're likely to be slow to respond.
Availability
IRClient version 0.22 which supports the BASIC programming language is
currently available from
his home page.
However, the Magrathea script is undergoing one or two major changes,
and so it won't be available for a few weeks yet. Hopefully it will be
released before the Acorn World show, as I don't want to be pestered by
people asking when it will be out whilst I wander around aimlessly.
This page is maintained by Justin Fletcher (Gerph@essex.ac.uk).
Last modified on 6th October 1996.


FS/CC Direct Communication with faculty and staff
Fiscal impact of the coronavirus
Hiring in administrative positions
Possible economic impact on budget: review of state budget; CUNY's view on stimulus monies
Possible impact on spring revenue – how are collections doing? Is there a count on disengaged students?
Will the new CUNY grading policies require CSI adjustments (e.g. to CUNY First, ...)
Summer courses (will they be declared as online so faculty can prepare)
Impact on recruiting for fall;
Strategy for competition: how are we prepared to step in if our competition falters
Marketing and community outreach – what are the plans going forward?
Update on the Hospital
when will construction begin
when will a determination be made on use
anticipated duration
will the campus be closed while a hospital is present
how will CSI be compensated for the use (e.g., power, utilities, lost revenue, ...)
Communication: can the college purchase a ZOOM account so individual faculty members don't have to
Summer/Fall Schedule. John Jay has made determinations on course offerings for these two periods. Has CSI? If not, can we soon so that students and faculty can plan accordingly.


Buhari re-appoints Aziz as DG of NIMC
by Msugh Ityokura, AbujaPresident Muhammadu Buhari has approved the re-appointment of the Director General of National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), Aliyu Azeez, for another term.
In a statement in Abuja yesterday, the General Manager, Operations and Corporate Communications, Mr. Abdulhamid Umar, said the re-appointment was based on the achievements of the DG.
Umar said that the re-appointment of Aziz was conveyed in a letter by the Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF), Mr. Boss Mustapha.
“The President of the Federal Republic enjoins Aliyu Aziz to continue with the good work he is doing and take NIMC to the next level, in consonance with the Federal Government’s doctrine of integrity, transparency and accountability.
“This re-appointment is in pursuant to the NIMC Act that provides two-term tenure for the Chief Executive Officer of the Commission,” he stated.
According to him, the second tenure of Aziz commenced on Friday, November 22, 2019.


Ready. Wake. Create.From zero to power in a flash, the 6th Generation Intel® Core™ processor wakes quicker than ever and lets you switch in and out of apps more seamlessly than ever.
|
Intel Customer Support
Find Support Topics by Product, Drivers and Software, or ask the community read moreOverview: Intel® Solid-State Drives
Architect of the FutureIntel strives to outdo current technology by supporting end-to-end solutions and designing system architecture that meets impending needs while exceeding current ones. See how innovative technologies such as Intel Solid-State Drives are leading to a future of endless possibilities. |


HIV outreach data programme KP:PE KPs sex AIDS National STI peer Control regular Kenya {border-style MSM collab: implementing programmes px;} #ffffff;} PEs contacts key prevention ratio violence Health ratios FSWs counties service workers Micro-planning Programme higher HIV/STI Pathogens national partners reporting FSW Sciences condom risk treatment work Available Kenya, Medicine Sex []. approach micro-planning number Peer United contacts, female frequent from: high men populations support testing used (NASCOP). Gates Key Melinda World [,] analysis distribution estimates population px; transmission use using {font-family (p<.), Biology Fig MSM, NASCOP Nairobi: Viral care educators font-size important reported Council Life Nations University conduct donor double; estimated evidence expected guidelines lower mapping monitoring outcomes prevention, quarterly reduction responsible routine services services. significantly size study targets uptake utilisation Abbreviations: Female Foundation Global Government Immunodeficiency Population Regular Support analysis. border-color border-width clinic clinical conducted consistent educator effective implementation interventions interventions. programme, provides range ratios, review screening solid; structural target time transmitted virus {font-style {font-weight (): (Fig Condom Data FSWs, Health, KP: KPs, Kenya. Lentivirus: MSM. Medical Men Microbial Microbiology Nairobi, Organisms Populations, Public Quarterly Retroviruses Technical Unit Viruses Viruses: address analysis, available behavioural, bold consistently contact contacted counselling counselling, counties). courier; data. em; including infections levels local mean monthly needs new operational original outcomes, outreach, overall partners. pt;} reach reporting. response scale scaled screening, set total


Hi there Plain User1,
Our records show that you were registered for the recent class "Introduction to Gato". Now that the class has concluded, we'd love to get your feedback!
We've prepared a very quick, 5 question survey that won't take more than 3 minutes of your time -- we promise! Please click here to take the survey, and accept our thanks.
Thanks in advance for your feedback! We really hope you enjoyed the class. To find more classes offered by ITS or other departments, check out the list of upcoming sessions here.


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| DbxAccount.Listener |
Callback interface for listeners to be notified when a
specific account changes.
|
| DbxAccountManager.AccountListener |
Interface for receiving notifications of a new account being
linked or an existing account being unlinked.
|
| DbxDatastore.SyncStatusListener |
A listener that will be called when there's a change to the sync
status of this datastore.
|
| DbxDatastoreManager.ListListener |
A listener that will be called when there's a change to the list of
known datastores.
|
| DbxFile.Listener |
A listener that will be called when there's a change to the sync
status, file info, or contents of this file.
|
| DbxFileSystem.PathListener |
A listener to be called when there's a change at a given path, or
optionally to its descendants.
|
| DbxFileSystem.SyncStatusListener |
A listener to be called when there's a change to the status of
background synchronization, as reported by
DbxFileSystem.getSyncStatus() . |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| DbxAccount |
Represents a specific user's Dropbox account.
|
| DbxAccountInfo |
Information about a user's Dropbox account.
|
| DbxAccountManager |
This is the entry point for the Sync API.
|
| DbxDatastore |
A datastore is a container for app data.
|
| DbxDatastoreInfo |
Info about a Dropbox datastore.
|
| DbxDatastoreManager |
The Datastore Manager allows you to access datastores in a user's Dropbox.
|
| DbxDatastoreStatus |
Sync status for a
DbxDatastore . |
| DbxFields |
Allows you to access a set of fields, which might be stored in a record
in a datastore, or might be a temporary set not yet saved in a record.
|
| DbxFile |
Provides access to a file in Dropbox.
|
| DbxFileInfo |
Info about a Dropbox file system entry.
|
| DbxFileStatus |
Sync status for a
DbxFile . |
| DbxFileSystem |
Provides access to the files and folders in a user's Dropbox.
|
| DbxList | |
| DbxPath |
Represents a path in Dropbox, relative to the root which is visible to your app.
|
| DbxRecord |
A record represents an entry in a particular table in a datastore.
|
| DbxSyncStatus |
The current status of background synchronization for a
DbxFileSystem . |
| DbxSyncStatus.OperationStatus |
The current status of one type of background synchronization operation.
|
| DbxTable |
A collection of records that lets you query for existing records or insert new ones.
|
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| DbxFields.AtomType |
The atomic value types: those which can be included in lists.
|
| DbxFields.ValueType |
The possible types of datastore field values, as stored on the server.
|
| DbxFileStatus.PendingOperation |
Indicates the pending operation on a file.
|
| DbxFileSystem.PathListener.Mode |
Specifies the situations in which a listener should be notified.
|
| DbxFileSystem.ThumbFormat |
Specifies the desired format when opening a thumbnail.
|
| DbxFileSystem.ThumbSize |
Specifies the desired size when opening a thumbnail.
|
| DbxTable.ResolutionRule |
Constants to specify the possible conflict resolution rules for a
field in
DbxTable.setResolutionRule(java.lang.String, com.dropbox.sync.android.DbxTable.ResolutionRule) . |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| DbxAccountManager.ConfigurationMismatchException |
Thrown when
DbxAccountManager.getInstance(android.content.Context, java.lang.String, java.lang.String) was called with two different configurations
in the same application. |
| DbxAccountManager.MultipleAccountsException |
Thrown when the app attempts to link with a Dropbox account while
already linked.
|
| DbxException |
Base class for exceptions.
|
| DbxException.AlreadyOpen |
Specified file is already open.
|
| DbxException.ApiUsage |
Specific usage or arguments.
|
| DbxException.Disallowed |
The app attempted an operation that isn't allowed by its access
level.
|
| DbxException.DiskSpace |
Insufficient storage space.
|
| DbxException.Exists |
Specified file or folder already exists.
|
| DbxException.InvalidParameter |
Bad parameter value, such as attempting to delete or move the root
directory.
|
| DbxException.Network |
Network failure.
|
| DbxException.NetworkConnection |
Failure to establish a network connection.
|
| DbxException.NetworkTimeout |
Network timeout.
|
| DbxException.NotFound |
Specified file or folder doesn't exist.
|
| DbxException.NoThumb |
No thumbnail is available.
|
| DbxException.Parent |
Parent of a specified file or folder doesn't exist, or is a file
rather than a folder.
|
| DbxException.Quota |
The user's Dropbox quota is full.
|
| DbxException.RecoverableSystem |
System failure that should be recoverable in some way.
|
| DbxException.Server |
Error reported by the server.
|
| DbxException.Ssl |
Failure to establish SSL communication.
|
| DbxException.Unauthorized |
Application or user isn't authorized.
|
| DbxFields.FieldNotFound |
Thrown when attempting to get the value of a field that isn't present.
|
| DbxFields.IllegalFieldName |
Thrown when an illegal field name is given.
|
| DbxFields.WrongValueType |
Thrown when attempting to get a field that isn't of the specified type.
|
| DbxFile.StreamExclusionException |
Thrown when attempt was made to read or write this DbxFile when an existing
stream is already open.
|
| DbxPath.InvalidPathException |
Thrown when a given string isn't a valid Dropbox path, due to
invalid characters, names, or encodings.
|
| DbxRecord.IllegalRecordId |
Thrown when an illegal record ID is given.
|
| DbxTable.IllegalTableId |
Thrown when an illegal table ID is given.
|


Lavenshtein score (levenshtein distance score 0 is most confident) :
Dice Thoery score (Dice theory score 1 is most confident) :


To get started with the LilyPad Arduino, follow the directions for the Arduino NG on your operating system (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux. Connecting the LilyPad Arduino is a bit more complicated than a regular Arduino board (see below for instructions and photos).
The LilyPad Arduino is more fragile and easy to break than a regular Arduino board. Don't connect more than 5.5 volts to the + tab or reverse the power and ground pins of your power supply, or you will very likely kill the ATmega on the LilyPad Arduino. You can't remove the ATmega, so if you kill it, you need a new LilyPad.
Note: More information about getting started with the LilyPad Arduino can be found here.
To program the LilyPad Arduino, you need to connect it to your computer. The SparkFun FTDI Basic Breakout plugs into the 6-pin male header on the newest version of the LilyPad. Use a USB MiniB cable to connect the FTDI basic breakout to your computer. You can also use an FTDI USB-TTL Serial cable.
To connect earlier versions of the board or for information on other connection options see the LilyPad Arduino tutorial on Leah's website
The hole on each tab of the LilyPad is large enough for a sewing needle to pass through. You can make both electrical and physical connections with stitching in conductive thread. Sew through the holes several times to insure good contact. Here's a picture showing a sewn LilyPad:
See the LilyPad Arduino tutorial on Leah's website for more information about building a working wearable. See SparkFun for more stitchable modules that you can use with your LilyPad Arduino.
The text of the Arduino getting started guide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. Code samples in the guide are released into the public domain.


Bisection method
In Mathematics, the bisection method is a straightforward technique to find numerical solutions of an equation with one unknown. Bisection method is the simplest among all the numerical schemes to solve the transcendental equations. This scheme is based on the intermediate value theorem for continuous functions. The Bisection Method is a successive approximation method that narrows down an interval that contains a root of the function f(x) It is a simple method, and it is relatively slow. The bisection method is also known as interval halving method, root-finding method, binary search method or dichotomy method.
Calculator
Newton-raphson method
In numerical analysis, Newton's method, also known as the Newton–Raphson method, named
after Isaac Newton and Joseph Raphson, is a root-finding algorithm which produces
successively better approximations to the roots (or zeroes) of a real-valued function.
The Newton-Raphson method (also known as Newton's method) is a way to quickly find a
good approximation for the root of a real-valued function f(x)=0. It uses the idea
that a continuous and differentiable function can be approximated by a straight line
tangent to it.
Calculator
Secant method
The secant method is very similar to the bisection method except instead of dividing each interval by choosing the midpoint the secant method divides each interval by the secant line connecting the endpoints. The secant method always converges to a root of f(x)=0 provided that f(x) is continuous on [a,b] and f(a)f(b) < 0.
Calculator
Regula-falsi method
Regula Falsi method or the method of false position is a numerical method for solving an equation in one unknown. It is quite similar to bisection method algorithm and is one of the oldest approaches. It was developed because the bisection method converges at a fairly slow speed. In simple terms, the method is the trial and error technique of using test ("false") values for the variable and then adjusting the test value according to the outcome.
Calculator
Fixed point iteration method
Fixed point iteration is method of computing fixed points of iterated functions. More specifically, given a function f(x) defined on the real numbers with real values and given a point x0 in the domain of f(x), the fixed point iteration is which gives rise to the sequence which is hoped to converge to a point x. If f(a) is continuous then one can prove that the obtained x is a fixed point of f(x), i.e., f(x) = x.
Calculator
Forward
- Forward
- Backward
- Lagrange
Interpolation
Interpolation is a method of finding new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. In other words, interpolation is the technique to estimate the value of a mathematical function, for any intermediate value of the independent variable. Newton's forward difference formula is a finite difference identity giving an interpolated value between tabulated points in terms of the first value and the powers of the forward difference.
Interpolation is a method of finding new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. In other words, interpolation is the technique to estimate the value of a mathematical function, for any intermediate value of the independent variable. For interpolating the value of the function y=f(X) near the end of table of values, and to extrapolate value of the function a short distance forward from Yn, Newton backward interpolation is used.
Interpolation is a method of finding new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. In other words, interpolation is the technique to estimate the value of a mathematical function, for any intermediate value of the independent variable. Lagrange polynomials are used for polynomial interpolation. For a given set of distinct points xj and numbers yj. Lagrange’s interpolation is also an Nth degree polynomial approximation to f(x). The Lagrange interpolation formula is a way to find a polynomial which takes on certain values at arbitrary points. It is very useful method for entries and attributes unequally spaced.
Calculator
Divided difference method
Interpolation is a method of finding new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. In other words, interpolation is the technique to estimate the value of a mathematical function, for any intermediate value of the independent variable. Newton’s divided difference interpolation formula is a interpolation technique used when the interval difference is not same for all sequence of values.


Go to the source code of this file.
Functions | |
| void * | engine_init (void) |
| Create a new Othello engine. | |
| void | engine_free (void *) |
| free resources allocated | |
| double | engine_midgame_search (void *, const char *, const double, const double, const int, const int) |
| Midgame search. | |
| int | engine_endgame_search (void *, const char *, const int, const int, const int) |
| Endgame search. | |
| void | engine_stop (void *) |
| Stop searching. | |
| void | engine_print_results (void *, char *) |
| void | engine_empty_hash (void *) |
| Empty (ie completely clear) the engine hash table. | |
| void | engine_loop (void) |
| Loop event. |
A simple protocol to communicate with Cassio.
| void engine_empty_hash | ( | void * | v | ) |
Empty (ie completely clear) the engine hash table.
| v | Engine. |
| int engine_endgame_search | ( | void * | v, |
| const char * | position, | ||
| const int | alpha, | ||
| const int | beta, | ||
| const int | precision | ||
| ) |
Endgame search.
Practically, Edax does the same things than in midgame search, with depth set as the number of empty squares. In case (beta - alpha) < 1, Edax will reajust beta so that beta = alpha + 1.
| v | Engine. |
| position | String description of the position. |
| alpha | Alpha bound. |
| beta | Beta bound. |
| precision | Probcut percentage. |
| void engine_free | ( | void * | v | ) |
free resources allocated
| v | Engine. |
| void* engine_init | ( | void | ) |
Create a new Othello engine.
Allocate engine resources & launch user-input event thread.
| void engine_loop | ( | void | ) |
Loop event.
| double engine_midgame_search | ( | void * | v, |
| const char * | position, | ||
| const double | alpha, | ||
| const double | beta, | ||
| const int | depth, | ||
| const int | precision | ||
| ) |
Midgame search.
Edax evaluation resolution is only one disc, so the doubleing point accuracy is not actually used here. In case (beta - alpha) < 1, Edax will reajust beta so that beta = alpha + 1. For some depths, extension-pv heuristics will return endgame score.
| void engine_print_results | ( | void * | , |
| char * | |||
| ) |
| void engine_stop | ( | void * | v | ) |
Stop searching.
| v | Search. |


Consider this call to summarise
:
One of the ways dplyr
achieves dramatic speedups is that expressions might not be evaluated by R, but by alternative code that is faster and uses less memory.
Conceptually the call to summarise
above evaluates the expression sum(flights)
on each subset of flights
controlled by the grouping of per_day
. This involves creating a new R vector to store the chunk and evaluate the R expression.
Evaluating the R expression might carry costs that can be avoided, i.e. S3 dispatch, …
dplyr
recognizes the expression sum(flights)
as the sum
function applied to a known column of the data, making it possible to handle the dispatch early and once, avoid unneeded memory allocations and compute the result faster.
Hybrid evaluation is able to work on subexpressions. Consider:
dplyr
will substitute the subexpressions it knows how to handle and leave the rest to standard R evaluation. Instead of evaluating foo(sum(flights))
, R will only have to evaluate foo(z)
where z
is the result of the internal evaluation of sum(flights)
.
Hybrid evaluation is designed to be extensible. Before we start registering custom hybrid evaluation handlers, we need to understand the system.
The first building block we need to cover is the Result
class.
namespace dplyr {
class Result {
public:
Result(){}
virtual ~Result(){} ;
virtual SEXP process( const GroupedDataFrame& gdf) = 0 ;
virtual SEXP process( const FullDataFrame& df ) = 0 ;
virtual SEXP process( const SlicingIndex& index ){
return R_NilValue ;
}
} ;
}
The two first methods deal with grouped and ungrouped data frames. We will mainly focus on the last method that operates on a SlicingIndex
.
SlicingIndex
is a class that encapsulates indices of a single chunk of a grouped data frame.
Hybrid evaluation really just is deriving from the Result
class. Let’s consider a simpler version of sum
that only handles numeric vectors. (The internal version is more complete, handles missing values, …).
class Sum : public Result {
public:
Sum( NumericVector data_ ): data(data_){}
SEXP process( const SlicingIndex& index ){
double res = 0.0 ;
for( int i=0; i<index.size(); i++) res += data[ index[i] ] ;
return NumericVector::create( res );
}
virtual SEXP process( const GroupedDataFrame& gdf){
...
}
virtual SEXP process( const FullDataFrame& df ){
...
}
private:
NumericVector data ;
} ;
Implementation of Result
derived classes can be facilitated by the template class Processor
. Processor
is templated by two template parameters:
REALSXP
, STRSXP
, …)When using Processor
we only have to supply a process_chunk
method that takes a const SlicingIndex&
as input and returns an object suitable to go into a vector of the type controlled by the first template parameter.
The purpose of the Processor
template is then to generate the boiler plate code for the three process
methods defined by the Result
interface.
A possible Sum
implementation would then look something like this:
class Sum : public Processor<REALSXP, Sum> {
public:
Sum( NumericVector data_ ): data(data_){}
double process_chunk( const SlicingIndex& index ){
double res = 0.0 ;
for( int i=0; i<index.size(); i++) res += data[ index[i] ] ;
return res;
}
private:
NumericVector data ;
}
Recognizing genericity here, we might want to make Sum
a template class in order to handle more than just numeric vector :
template <int RTYPE>
class Sum : public Processor<REALSXP, Sum<RTYPE> > {
public:
typedef typename Rcpp::traits::storage_type<RTYPE>::type STORAGE ;
Sum( Vector<RTYPE> data_ ): data(data_){}
STORAGE process_chunk( const SlicingIndex& index ){
STORAGE res = 0.0 ;
for( int i=0; i<index.size(); i++) res += data[ index[i] ] ;
return res;
}
private:
Vector<RTYPE> data ;
}
Aside from not dealing with missing data and using internal knowledge of the SlicingIndex
class, this implementation of Sum
is close to the internal implementation in dplyr
.
dplyr
functions use the get_handler
function to retrieve handlers for particular expressions.
Result* get_handler( SEXP call, const ILazySubsets& subsets ){
int depth = Rf_length(call) ;
HybridHandlerMap& handlers = get_handlers() ;
SEXP fun_symbol = CAR(call) ;
if( TYPEOF(fun_symbol) != SYMSXP ) return 0 ;
HybridHandlerMap::const_iterator it = handlers.find( fun_symbol ) ;
if( it == handlers.end() ) return 0 ;
return it->second( call, subsets, depth - 1 );
}
The get_handler
performs a lookup in a hash table of type HybridHandlerMap
.
typedef dplyr::Result* (*HybridHandler)(SEXP, const dplyr::ILazySubsets&, int) ;
typedef dplyr_hash_map<SEXP,HybridHandler> HybridHandlerMap ;
HybridHandlerMap
is simply a hash map where the map key is the symbol of the function and the map value type is a function pointer defined by HybridHandler
.
The parameters of the HybridHandler
function pointer type are:
sum(flights)
ILazySubsets
reference. The only thing that is relevant about this class here is that it defines a get_variable
method that takes a symbol SEXP
and returns the corresponding variable from the data frame.sum(flights)
, the number of arguments is 1
.The purpose of the hybrid handler function is to return a Result*
if it can handle the call or 0 if it cannot.
with our previous Sum
template class, we could define a hybrid handler function like this:
Result* sum_handler(SEXP call, const ILazySubsets& subsets, int nargs ){
// we only know how to deal with argument
if( nargs != 1 ) return 0 ;
// get the first argument
SEXP arg = CADR(call) ;
// if this is a symbol, extract the variable from the subsets
if( TYPEOF(arg) == SYMSXP ) arg = subsets.get_variable(arg) ;
// we know how to handle integer vectors and numeric vectors
switch( TYPEOF(arg) ){
case INTSXP: return new Sum<INTSXP>(arg) ;
case REALSXP: return new Sum<REALSXP>(arg) ;
default: break ;
}
// we are here if we could not handle the call
return 0 ;
}
dplyr
enables users, most likely packages, to register their own hybrid handlers through the registerHybridHandler
.
To register the handler we created above, we then simply:
We are going to register a handler called hitchhiker
that always returns the answer to everything, i.e. 42
.
The code below is suitable to run through sourceCpp
.
#include <dplyr.h>
// [[Rcpp::depends(dplyr,BH,plogr)]]
using namespace dplyr ;
using namespace Rcpp ;
// the class that derives from Result through Processor
class Hitchhiker : public Processor<INTSXP,Hitchhiker>{
public:
// always returns 42, as it is the answer to everything
int process_chunk( const SlicingIndex& ){
return 42 ;
}
} ;
// we actually don't need the arguments
// we can just let this handler return a new Hitchhiker pointer
Result* hitchhiker_handler( SEXP, const ILazySubsets&, int ){
return new Hitchhiker ;
}
// registration of the register, called from R, so exprted through Rcpp::export
// [[Rcpp::export]]
void registerHitchhiker(){
registerHybridHandler( "hitchhiker", hitchhiker_handler );
}
/*** R
require(dplyr)
registerHitchhiker()
n <- 10000
df <- group_by( tbl_df( data.frame(
id = sample( letters[1:4], 1000, replace = TRUE ),
x = rnorm(n)
) ), id )
summarise( df, y = hitchhiker() )
# Source: local data frame [4 x 2]
# Groups:
#
# id y
# 1 a 42
# 2 b 42
# 3 c 42
# 4 d 42
summarise(df, y = mean(x) + hitchhiker())
# Source: local data frame [4 x 2]
# Groups:
#
# id y
# 1 a 42.00988
# 2 b 42.00988
# 3 c 42.01440
# 4 d 41.99160
*/
To register custom handlers in packages, the best place is the init
entry point that R automatically calls when a package is loaded.
Instead of exposing the registerHitchhiker
function as above, packages would typically register handlers like this:
#include <Rcpp.h>
#include <dplyr.h>
// R automatically calls this function when the maypack package is loaded.
extern "C" void R_init_mypack( DllInfo* info ){
registerHybridHandler( "hitchhiker", hitchhiker_handler );
}
For this your package must know about Rcpp and dplyr’s headers, which requires this information in the DESCRIPTION
file:
LinkingTo: Rcpp, dplyr, BH
The Makevars
and Makevars.win
are similar to those used for any package that uses Rcpp
features. See the Rcpp
vignettes for details.


Your application status is:
{% if confirmation == "accepted" %}
CONFIRMED
{% elif confirmation == "rejected" %}
DECLINED
{% elif conirmation %}
UNCONFIRMED
{% else %}
{% if app.app_complete %}
{% if app.accepted %}
ACCEPTED
{% elif app.waitlisted %}
WAITLISTED
{% elif app.rejected %}
REJECTED
{% else %}
COMPLETED, AWAITING APPROVAL
{% endif %}
{% else %}
INCOMPLETE
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
Application Deadline: {{ submission_deadline }}
Confirmation Deadline: {{ confirmation_deadline }}
{% if not app.app_complete %}
You still need to complete your application!
If you do not complete your application before
{{ submission_deadline }},
you will not be considered for the admissions lottery!
{% endif %}
{% if confirmation == True %}
You still need to complete your confirmation application!


--- title: Constraint Programming keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "Recipes for constraint programming" description: "Recipes for constraint programming" nb_path: "nbs/03_modeling/constraint_programming.ipynb" ---


By default, Apache Geode uses the JVM heap. Apache Geode also offers an option to store data off heap. This section describes how to manage heap and off-heap memory to best support your application.
Tuning the JVM’s Garbage Collection Parameters
Because Apache Geode is specifically designed to manipulate data held in memory, you can optimize your application’s performance by tuning the way Apache Geode uses the JVM heap.
See your JVM documentation for all JVM-specific settings that can be used to improve garbage collection (GC) response. At a minimum, do the following:
- Set the initial and maximum heap switches,
-Xms
and-Xmx
, to the same values. Thegfsh start server
options--initial-heap
and--max-heap
accomplish the same purpose, with the added value of providing resource manager defaults such as eviction threshold and critical threshold.
- If your JVM allows, configure it to initiate CMS collection when heap use is at least 10% lower than your setting for the resource manager
eviction-heap-percentage
. You want the collector to be working when Geode is evicting or the evictions will not result in more free memory. For example, if theeviction-heap-percentage
is set to 65, set your garbage collection to start when the heap use is no higher than 55%.
| JVM | CMS switch flag | CMS initiation (begin at heap % N) |
|---|---|---|
| Sun HotSpot | ‑XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC |
‑XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=N |
| JRockit | -Xgc:gencon |
-XXgcTrigger:N |
| IBM | -Xgcpolicy:gencon |
N/A |
For the gfsh start server
command, pass these settings with the --J
switch, for example: ‑‑J=‑XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
.
The following is an example of setting JVM for an application:
$ java app.MyApplication -Xms=30m -Xmx=30m -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=60
Note: Do not use the -XX:+UseCompressedStrings
and -XX:+UseStringCache
JVM configuration properties when starting up servers. These JVM options can cause issues with data corruption and compatibility.
Or, using gfsh
:
$ gfsh start server --name=app.MyApplication --initial-heap=30m --max-heap=30m \
--J=-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC --J=-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=60
Using the Geode Resource Manager
The Geode resource manager works with your JVM’s tenured garbage collector to control heap use and protect your member from hangs and crashes due to memory overload.
The Geode resource manager prevents the cache from consuming too much memory by evicting old data. If the garbage collector is unable to keep up, the resource manager refuses additions to the cache until the collector has freed an adequate amount of memory.
The resource manager has two threshold settings, each expressed as a percentage of the total tenured heap. Both are disabled by default.
Eviction Threshold. Above this, the manager orders evictions for all regions with
eviction-attributes
set tolru-heap-percentage
. This prompts dedicated background evictions, independent of any application threads and it also tells all application threads adding data to the regions to evict at least as much data as they add. The JVM garbage collector removes the evicted data, reducing heap use. The evictions continue until the manager determines that heap use is again below the eviction threshold.The resource manager enforces eviction thresholds only on regions whose LRU eviction policies are based on heap percentage. Regions whose eviction policies based on entry count or memory size use other mechanisms to manage evictions. See Eviction for more detail regarding eviction policies.
Critical Threshold. Above this, all activity that might add data to the cache is refused. This threshold is set above the eviction threshold and is intended to allow the eviction and GC work to catch up. This JVM, all other JVMs in the distributed system, and all clients to the system receive
LowMemoryException
for operations that would add to this critical member’s heap consumption. Activities that fetch or reduce data are allowed. For a list of refused operations, see the Javadocs for theResourceManager
methodsetCriticalHeapPercentage
.Critical threshold is enforced on all regions, regardless of LRU eviction policy, though it can be set to zero to disable its effect.
When heap use passes the eviction threshold in either direction, the manager logs an info-level message.
When heap use exceeds the critical threshold, the manager logs an error-level message. Avoid exceeding the critical threshold. Once identified as critical, the Geode member becomes a read-only member that refuses cache updates for all of its regions, including incoming distributed updates.
For more information, see org.apache.geode.cache.control.ResourceManager
in the online API documentation.
How Background Eviction Is Performed
When the manager kicks off evictions:
From all regions in the local cache that are configured for heap LRU eviction, the background eviction manager creates a randomized list containing one entry for each partitioned region bucket (primary or secondary) and one entry for each non-partitioned region. So each partitioned region bucket is treated the same as a single, non-partitioned region.
The background eviction manager starts four evictor threads for each processor on the local machine. The manager passes each thread its share of the bucket/region list. The manager divides the bucket/region list as evenly as possible by count, and not by memory consumption.
Each thread iterates round-robin over its bucket/region list, evicting one LRU entry per bucket/region until the resource manager sends a signal to stop evicting.
See also Memory Requirements for Cached Data.
Controlling Heap Use with the Resource Manager
Resource manager behavior is closely tied to the triggering of Garbage Collection (GC) activities, the use of concurrent garbage collectors in the JVM, and the number of parallel GC threads used for concurrency.
The recommendations provided here for using the manager assume you have a solid understanding of your Java VM’s heap management and garbage collection service.
The resource manager is available for use in any Apache Geode member, but you may not want to activate it everywhere. For some members it might be better to occasionally restart after a hang or OME crash than to evict data and/or refuse distributed caching activities. Also, members that do not risk running past their memory limits would not benefit from the overhead the resource manager consumes. Cache servers are often configured to use the manager because they generally host more data and have more data activity than other members, requiring greater responsiveness in data cleanup and collection.
For the members where you want to activate the resource manager:
Configure Geode for heap LRU management.
Set the JVM GC tuning parameters to handle heap and garbage collection in conjunction with the Geode manager.
Monitor and tune heap LRU configurations and your GC configurations.
Before going into production, run your system tests with application behavior and data loads that approximate your target systems so you can tune as well as possible for production needs.
In production, keep monitoring and tuning to meet changing needs.
Configure Geode for Heap LRU Management
The configuration terms used here are cache.xml
elements and attributes, but you can also configure through gfsh
and the org.apache.geode.cache.control.ResourceManager
and Region
APIs.
When starting up your server, set
initial-heap
andmax-heap
to the same value.Set the
resource-manager
critical-heap-percentage
threshold. This should be as as close to 100 as possible while still low enough so the manager’s response can prevent the member from hanging or gettingOutOfMemoryError
. The threshold is zero (no threshold) by default.Note: When you set this threshold, it also enables a query monitoring feature that prevents most out-of-memory exceptions when executing queries or creating indexes. See Monitoring Queries for Low Memory.
Set the
resource-manager
eviction-heap-percentage
threshold to a value lower than the critical threshold. This should be as high as possible while still low enough to prevent your member from reaching the critical threshold. The threshold is zero (no threshold) by default.Decide which regions will participate in heap eviction and set their
eviction-attributes
tolru-heap-percentage
. See Eviction. The regions you configure for eviction should have enough data activity for the evictions to be useful and should contain data your application can afford to delete or offload to disk.
gfsh example:
gfsh>start server --name=server1 --initial-heap=30m --max-heap=30m \
--critical-heap-percentage=80 --eviction-heap-percentage=60
cache.xml example:
<cache>
<region refid="REPLICATE_HEAP_LRU" />
...
<resource-manager critical-heap-percentage="80" eviction-heap-percentage="60"/>
</cache>
Note: The resource-manager
specification must appear after the region declarations in your cache.xml file.
Set the JVM GC Tuning Parameters
If your JVM allows, configure it to initiate concurrent mark-sweep (CMS) garbage collection when heap use is at least 10% lower than your setting for the resource manager eviction-heap-percentage
. You want the collector to be working when Geode is evicting or the evictions will not result in more free memory. For example, if the eviction-heap-percentage
is set to 65, set your garbage collection to start when the heap use is no higher than 55%.
Monitor and Tune Heap LRU Configurations
In tuning the resource manager, your central focus should be keeping the member below the critical threshold. The critical threshold is provided to avoid member hangs and crashes, but because of its exception-throwing behavior for distributed updates, the time spent in critical negatively impacts the entire distributed system. To stay below critical, tune so that the Geode eviction and the JVM’s GC respond adequately when the eviction threshold is reached.
Use the statistics provided by your JVM to make sure your memory and GC settings are sufficient for your needs.
The Geode ResourceManagerStats
provide information about memory use and the manager thresholds and eviction activities.
If your application spikes above the critical threshold on a regular basis, try lowering the eviction threshold. If the application never goes near critical, you might raise the eviction threshold to gain more usable memory without the overhead of unneeded evictions or GC cycles.
The settings that will work well for your system depend on a number of factors, including these:
The size of the data objects you store in the cache Very large data objects can be evicted and garbage collected relatively quickly. The same amount of space in use by many small objects takes more processing effort to clear and might require lower thresholds to allow eviction and GC activities to keep up.
Application behavior Applications that quickly put a lot of data into the cache can more easily overrun the eviction and GC capabilities. Applications that operate more slowly may be more easily offset by eviction and GC efforts, possibly allowing you to set your thresholds higher than in the more volatile system.
Your choice of JVM Each JVM has its own GC behavior, which affects how efficiently the collector can operate, how quickly it kicks in when needed, and other factors.
Resource Manager Example Configurations
These examples set the critical threshold to 85 percent of the tenured heap and the eviction threshold to 75 percent. The region bigDataStore
is configured to participate in the resource manager’s eviction activities.
gfsh Example:
gfsh>start server --name=server1 --initial-heap=30m --max-heap=30m \ --critical-heap-percentage=85 --eviction-heap-percentage=75
gfsh>create region --name=bigDataStore --type=PARTITION_HEAP_LRU
XML:
<cache> <region name="bigDataStore" refid="PARTITION_HEAP_LRU"/> ... <resource-manager critical-heap-percentage="85" eviction-heap-percentage="75"/> </cache>
Note: The
resource-manager
specification must appear after the region declarations in your cache.xml file.Java:
Cache cache = CacheFactory.create(); ResourceManager rm = cache.getResourceManager(); rm.setCriticalHeapPercentage(85); rm.setEvictionHeapPercentage(75); RegionFactory rf = cache.createRegionFactory(RegionShortcut.PARTITION_HEAP_LRU); Region region = rf.create("bigDataStore");
Use Case for the Example Code
This is one possible scenario for the configuration used in the examples:
- A 64-bit Java VM with 8 Gb of heap space on a 4 CPU system running Linux.
- The data region bigDataStore has approximately 2-3 million small values with average entry size of 512 bytes. So approximately 4-6 Gb of the heap is for region storage.
- The member hosting the region also runs an application that may take up to 1 Gb of the heap.
- The application must never run out of heap space and has been crafted such that data loss in the region is acceptable if the heap space becomes limited due to application issues, so the default
lru-heap-percentage
action destroy is suitable. - The application’s service guarantee makes it very intolerant of
OutOfMemoryException
errors. Testing has shown that leaving 15% head room above the critical threshold when adding data to the region gives 99.5% uptime with noOutOfMemoryException
errors, when configured with the CMS garbage collector using-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=70
.


Story = idea × persuasion .
Persuasion is a centerpiece of business activity.
- Customers must be convinced to buy your product
- Investors must be convinced to buy (or sell) your stock
- Partners and employees must be convinced to come on board with strategic decisions
Some people mislead in order to persuade.
But they're jerks.
Persuade the right way: back your narrative up with data.
If they matter, people you tell your story to will have questions.
And their questions will lead to more questions.
- "How much money will your product make me?"
"How's that compare to your competitor's product?"
"What's your monthly churn rate?"
"How does that map out between cohorts?"
Data Stories are more about being able to answer questions than they are about telling a single narrative.
(Your business is not an Op-Ed piece)
Why do we care about Data in our Stories?
1. Some of our questions have conflicting answers.
Data makes critical thinkers of us.
2. Sometimes we ask the wrong questions.
- We might ask "How many customers did you have in October?"
- We probably means "How many customers did you have in October, relative to September" or "relative to last October"
Data answers the questions we didn't know we had.
3. Sometimes the answer to a simple question is unsatisfying.
4. Sometimes there are many distinct narratives to explore.
Data makes story-tellers of us all
So, is providing Data enough?
Consider Anscombe's Quartet.
Anscombe's Quartet
Upon visual analysis, could not be more distinct from one another.
Statistical Detection of ... ?
source
Statistical Detection of Election Fraud
source
Data is only valuable when it is understood
So, when I see a Visualization, can I be sure that the Data Story I'm being told is correct?
- Not always! Be critical.
- Mark Twain's 3 kinds of lies:
"Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics".
Avoid these common deceptions when designing data stories:
2. Cumulative Time-Series Charts
3. Circles in general.
We're meant to see area; we commonly just see height.
4. Pie charts when dealing with close values
(Bar charts are boring but we're really really good at reading them)
5. Bar charts with arbitrary axis points
But the most important thing you can do when telling a Data Story is...
Provide your data!
- Doesn't matter if you're making a sale or writing journalistically.
- In raw format preferably. Let people tinker with it!
- You'll get called out if you're wrong about something but that helps you grow!
- Most importantly, it allows for critical thought and makes us all more informed.


Class MaterialTapTargetPrompt
- java.lang.Object
-
- uk.co.samuelwall.materialtaptargetprompt.MaterialTapTargetPrompt
-
public class MaterialTapTargetPrompt extends java.lang.Object
A Material Design tap target onboarding implementation.For more information about onboarding and tap targets, read the Onboarding Material Design guidelines.
-
-
Nested Class Summary
Nested Classes Modifier and Type Class Description static class
MaterialTapTargetPrompt.Builder
A builder to create aMaterialTapTargetPrompt
instance.static interface
MaterialTapTargetPrompt.PromptStateChangeListener
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when a prompts state changes.static class
MaterialTapTargetPrompt.PromptView
View used to render the tap target.
-
Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field Description static int
STATE_BACK_BUTTON_PRESSED
The prompt has been dismissed by the system back button being pressed.static int
STATE_DISMISSED
The prompt has been removed from view after the prompt has either been pressed somewhere other than the prompt target or the system back button has been pressed.static int
STATE_DISMISSING
Thedismiss()
method has been called and the prompt is being removed from view.static int
STATE_FINISHED
The prompt has been removed from view after the prompt has been pressed in the focal area.static int
STATE_FINISHING
Thefinish()
method has been called and the prompt is being removed from view.static int
STATE_FOCAL_PRESSED
The prompt target has been pressed in the focal area.static int
STATE_NON_FOCAL_PRESSED
The prompt has been pressed outside the focal area.static int
STATE_NOT_SHOWN
Prompt has yet to be shown.static int
STATE_REVEALED
Prompt reveal animation has finished and the prompt is displayed.static int
STATE_REVEALING
Prompt is reveal animation is running.static int
STATE_SHOW_FOR_TIMEOUT
The prompt has been dismissed by the show for timeout.
-
Method Summary
All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description void
cancelShowForTimer()
Cancel the show for timer if it has been created.static MaterialTapTargetPrompt
createDefault(PromptOptions promptOptions)
Creates a prompt with the supplied options.void
dismiss()
Removes the prompt from view, using a contract and fade animation.void
finish()
Removes the prompt from view, using a expand and fade animation.int
getState()
Get the current state of the prompt.protected void
onPromptStateChanged(int state)
Handles emitting the prompt state changed events.void
show()
Displays the prompt.void
showFor(long millis)
Displays the prompt for a maximum amount of time.
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Field Detail
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STATE_NOT_SHOWN
public static final int STATE_NOT_SHOWN
Prompt has yet to be shown.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_REVEALING
public static final int STATE_REVEALING
Prompt is reveal animation is running.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_REVEALED
public static final int STATE_REVEALED
Prompt reveal animation has finished and the prompt is displayed.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_FOCAL_PRESSED
public static final int STATE_FOCAL_PRESSED
The prompt target has been pressed in the focal area.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_FINISHED
public static final int STATE_FINISHED
The prompt has been removed from view after the prompt has been pressed in the focal area.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_DISMISSING
public static final int STATE_DISMISSING
Thedismiss()
method has been called and the prompt is being removed from view.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_DISMISSED
public static final int STATE_DISMISSED
The prompt has been removed from view after the prompt has either been pressed somewhere other than the prompt target or the system back button has been pressed.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_FINISHING
public static final int STATE_FINISHING
Thefinish()
method has been called and the prompt is being removed from view.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_NON_FOCAL_PRESSED
public static final int STATE_NON_FOCAL_PRESSED
The prompt has been pressed outside the focal area.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_SHOW_FOR_TIMEOUT
public static final int STATE_SHOW_FOR_TIMEOUT
The prompt has been dismissed by the show for timeout.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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STATE_BACK_BUTTON_PRESSED
public static final int STATE_BACK_BUTTON_PRESSED
The prompt has been dismissed by the system back button being pressed.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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Method Detail
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show
public void show()
Displays the prompt.
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showFor
public void showFor(long millis)
Displays the prompt for a maximum amount of time.- Parameters:
millis
- The number of milliseconds to show the prompt for.
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cancelShowForTimer
public void cancelShowForTimer()
Cancel the show for timer if it has been created.
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getState
public int getState()
Get the current state of the prompt.
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finish
public void finish()
Removes the prompt from view, using a expand and fade animation.This is treated as if the user has touched the target focal point.
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dismiss
public void dismiss()
Removes the prompt from view, using a contract and fade animation.This is treated as if the user has touched outside the target focal point.
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onPromptStateChanged
protected void onPromptStateChanged(int state)
Handles emitting the prompt state changed events.- Parameters:
state
- The state that the prompt is now in.
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createDefault
@NonNull public static MaterialTapTargetPrompt createDefault(@NonNull PromptOptions promptOptions)
Creates a prompt with the supplied options.- Parameters:
promptOptions
- The options to use to create the prompt.- Returns:
- The created prompt.
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The Raja Ampat Islands are an Indonesian archipelago off the northwest tip of Bird’s Head Peninsula in West Papua.
Far from the view-blocking skyscrapers, dense and hectic concrete jungles, congested traffics, flickering electric billboards, endless annoying noises, and all the nuisances of modern cities, you will find a pristine paradise where Mother Nature and warm friendly people welcome you with all the exceptional wonders in Raja Ampat, the islands-regency in West Papua Province. With all the spectacular wonders above and beyond its waters, as well as on land and amidst the thick jungles, this is truly the place where words such as beautiful, enchanting, magnificent, and fascinating gets its true physical meaning.
As the islands are pretty cut off, it’s important to organise currency before you take the trip. Some hotels will accept credit cards but it’s not something to rely on.
"One of the best place I have ever visited" - lalala


RT @BoogTweets: I’ve got to be honest and you can tell me I’m wrong but eggnog should be an Easter drink
4/4/2020, 4:56:50 AM
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RT @BoogTweets: I’ve got to be honest and you can tell me I’m wrong but eggnog should be an Easter drink
4/4/2020, 4:56:50 AM
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If one of the sensors activates, it flashes the led for a certain amount of time.
Could be used for a visual indication of an alarm.
If one of the sensors activates, it beeps.
Could be used for an auditory indication of an alarm
If the light around the photoresistor is below a certain amount, they turn on.
Could be used as outside lights that turn on at night.


1. Tariff ($34B) imposed June 6
2. Tariff ($16B) imposed August 23
3. Tariff ($200B) imposed September 24