Innovator facebook value proposition handshake monetization technology gen-z business-to-business lean startup. Angel investor accelerator crowdsource advisor infographic. Social media validation seed money gen-z beta backing growth hacking sales assets startup.
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LUV
February 18-21, 1970 at the LLT Armory Building Playhouse
Director - Lowell Tew
Assistant - Hilma Seefeld
Stage Manager - Tucker & Mary Buchanan
THE CAST
Harry Berlin - J.Larry Walters
Milt Manville - Larry Dunne
Ellen Manville - Patti McLaughlin


This generator is used to create armors. Most common features are found in the first three tabs. The four tab, 'Inherited items' contains specialized functions for sub-types of armor. However, it also contains a single common element that allows the armor to be used as a lifesupport system in space.
Many of the entries in the General and Properties tabs are the same as in the Item Generator. You can look up details about these common controls in the Item Generator help files. Only the features that are unique to armor are found here. Take note that armor and clothing are interchangeable term here as the only difference is a subjective metric of protective value.
SetProtections(mapping)
Represents the various kinds of damage that can be protected aginst with this armor. The left combo box allows you to select a pre-determined type of damage and the right box takes a numerical value. The value is the number of points for that type of damage that are reduced during combat attack adjustments. Note that because weapons can have multiple types of damage but have only a single damage value that if an armro does not match one of the damage values then part of it will 'leak through' and hit the target.
SetArmorType(int)
Sets what type of armor it is in and what body-part wears it. Damage reduction is only applied for the limb that is wearing the armor if that limbs gets hit. Keep in mind that in many cases no two pieces of armor can be work on the same spot. So be careful about armor set considerations. Some exceptions might be rings, which players can equip one on each finger and some special items that 'layer' over top of others. For example, A_BODY_ARMOR applies to the whole body and can cover everything else but you can only wear one type of A_BODY_ARMOR at a time.
SetRestrictLimbs(array)
This is a list of limbs that a being must have in order to wear the armor. Useful in cases where armor is hightly specialized. For example, if a being must be humanoid you might require that they have two arms, two legs, a torso, neck, and head. Keep in mind this wouldn't be needed for cases where a leg-less being can't wear pants because if you've already defined the armor type as A_PANTS then they can't wear it without pants. This is more for required specific combinations of limbs. Use with caution as it might make many kinds of armor inaccessible to certain players and NPCs. Only set this if you have a very specific reason to do so.
SetWear(string)
A text message that is displayed to the player when they wear the armor. It can also be an escaped functional which could test for specific conditions to see if the player can wear the armor at all, among other things. If left blank, the default wear-message is displayed.
inherit LIB_SPACESUIT;
Makes this armor a lifesupport system that allows players to survive in an airless or poisonous environment. The lifesupport system has a limited period of operation and needs to be recharged by the player from time-to-time. This feature will add an additional cost of 2000 when the cost is generated.
Worn storage acts just like armor except that it has the same abilities as a container object. It can be set to open and close, be locked or unlocked, and has a mx carrying capacity.
SetMaxCarry(int)
Sets the maximum ammount of weight in hundreths of pounds that can be stored in this armor.
SetKeyName(string)
Sets the required id for a key to lock or unlock this armor's containment if it can be locked.
SetCanLock(int)
If checked, this armor can be locked and unlocked with a key.
SetLocked(int)
Sets the default lock state of the armor when it is spawned.
SetCanClose(int)
If checked, this armor can be opened and closed.
SetClosed(int)
Sets the default close/open state of the armor when it is spawned.
This armor has no special properties that can be set, however it inherits from the zuraki glove base object and has a few intrinsic properties instead. It can only be worn by zurakis on one of their front paws and it allows them to wield objects in their paws as if they were hands, however, it costs them some of their naturally high agility to wear them.


Plot
Warning
The background information pages on this website (Background Info and Plot) don't use textual evidence since they just give you background information about the book. Text-based evidence is used on all the main content pages.
Holden's story begins at Pencey Prep, his prep school in Pennsylvania. He is at a Pencey football game and is soon to leave the school, as he was expelled for failing all his classes except English. He decides not to return home until Wednesday so his parents find out about his expulsion and digest it before he arrives. Holden goes to his history teacher's house (Mr. Spencer). Eventually, Mr. Spencer shows Holden a test that he failed and irritates Holden by asking about things like whether he is concerned for his future or not. This causes Holden to leave and go back to his Pencey dorm room.
Back at his dorm room, Holden is interrupted by Ackley, his dorm neighbor. Holden criticizes Ackley for his disgusting appearance and behavior. For instance, Ackley starts clipping his nails right on the floor of Holden's room, despite Holden asking him to do it over a table multiple times. Holden's roommate, Stradlater, is also introduced. Stradlater is going on a date with Jane Gallagher, a girl that Holden spent a lot of time with during the summer and feels a deep personal connection to.
Stradlater also asks Holden to write an English composition for him while he's gone, and Holden writes about his dead brother Allie's baseball mitt, and the poems written on it. When Stradlater comes back, he is disappointed by the composition. Holden asks if Stradlater had sex with Jane but Stradlater is evasive and doesn't answer the question concretely. This causes Holden to get in a fight with Stradlater, and Holden loses easily.
Shortly after this, Holden is sick of Pencey and decides to leave early. He takes a train to New York City, where he plans to stay in a hotel for the next few days before returning home. On the train, he meets the mother of Ernest Morrow, another student from Pencey who Holden detests.
Holden then takes a cab to the Edmont Hotel. Right away, Holden sees other rooms outside his window with crossdressers and people squirting water into each others mouths. Holden decides to call a woman named Faith Cavendish who he doesn't know, but he has heard that she offers sex once in a while. Holden hangs up in the end without arranging anything.
Holden goes down to the Lavender Room in the hotel and orders drinks, but the waiter realizes he is a minor and is hesitant to serve him. Holden starts dancing with 3 women from out of town, and they eventually leave.
Holden goes back to the hotel lobby where he starts reflecting on how he met Jane and the time he spent with her during a summer in Maine. One thing he remembers is when they were playing checkers on the patio and Jane's stepdad asked her where the cigarettes are. Jane didn't reply and started crying, and Holden tried to comfort her.
Eventually, Holden leaves the hotel and goes to Ernie's, a club he and his older brother used to visit frequently. Holden criticizes Ernie's over-the-top attitude and piano playing, and the other people's praise of Ernie and his skill. Holden eventually runs into one of his older brother's former girlfriends that he does not want to sit with, so he leaves the club and goes back to his hotel.
Back at the hotel, while Holden is going up to his room, the elevator operator offers to send a prostitute to Holden's room for $5, which Holden accepts. When the prostitute, Sunny, comes, Holden is nervous, depressed, and doesn't feel like having sex with her. He tries to make conversation with Sunny and fails. Eventually, he pays Sunny the $5, but Sunny claims that the price is actually $10. Holden refuses to pay the extra $5 and Sunny goes away. Later, Sunny and the elevator operator come back to take the extra $5. The elevator operator punches and restrains Holden, and Sunny takes another $5 from his wallet. He eventually goes to sleep.
The next morning, Holden makes a matinee date with Sally Hayes, a girl he used to date in the past. In the meantime, he eats breakfast at a sandwich place. He meets two nuns there, and strikes up a conversation with them about Romeo and Juliet. He gives them $10 as a donation. After breakfast, he also buys a record called "Little Shirley Beans" for his 10-year old sister, Phoebe, and he thinks she will like it.
During the date, Holden and Sally watch the play. Holden is upset as Sally starts talking to a boy from Andover that she knows about meaningless stuff. Sally suggests they go ice skating, but they are bad at it and decide to sit at a table instead. Holden starts rambling about how he hates society and its artificialness, and impulsively urges Sally to run away with him to the woods and get married. Sally refuses and Holden eventually calls her a "pain in the ass", and laughs at her when she cries about it. This ends their date.
Afterwards, Holden calls Carl Luce, an advisor he had known from a previous prep school called Whooton School. Holden invited Carl Luce to have drinks at the Wicker Bar in a hotel. Holden tries to talk to Luce about his relationship, sex, and homosexuals. Carl Luce is irritated by this immaturity, causing him to leave early. Holden continues drinking and gets very drunk.
A depiction of the promotion for Pencey Prep that Holden described early in the book, where a student riding a horse jumps a fence.
A depiction of Allie's baseball mitt with poems written in it
A picture of the Edmont Hotel in NYC
An exterior picture of Ernie's club
People lined up to see a matinee show in the 1950s
The Seton Hotel today that contained the Wicker Bar
While being very drunk, Holden calls Sally and incoherently rambles about their Christmas Eve plans. Eventually, he decides to sneak home and talk to his sister Phoebe. Phoebe figures out that Holden got expelled again, and is upset by it.  Holden ends up asking for some of Phoebe's money and leaves to stay at his previous English teacher's apartment (Mr. Antolini).
At his apartment, Mr. Antolini discusses Holden's expulsion and his future with him. Holden is tired and ends up sleeping on the couch. Holden eventually wakes up to find Mr. Antolini patting him.  He ends up sleeping on a bench at Grand Central Station.
Later, Holden sends Phoebe a note through her school to meet him at the museum during lunchtime. The note mentions that he is going to hitch hike out west. Phoebe arrives with a suitcase of clothes and begs Holden to bring her with him, but Holden refuses and Phoebe gets upset and doesn't speak to him. Holden walks to the zoo knowing the Phoebe will follow him, and ends up buying her a ride on a carousel. Holden is very happy seeing her ride it.
The story ends here and Holden says that he won't talk about the rest of the story in which he becomes "sick". He mentions that he has a psychoanalyst here, asking Holden whether he will apply himself next year in school. He briefly reflects on how he missed all the people he talked about, even Stradlater, Ackley, and Maurice. Then the book ends.


To make using the API easier, QuantConnect has built technology called the Symbol Cache which accepts strings and tries to guess which Symbol object you might mean. Because of this, many methods can accept a string such as "IBM" instead of a complete symbol object. We highly recommend you don't rely on this technology and instead save explicit references to your securities when needed.
# Example 1: Relying On Symbol Cache: self.AddEquity("IBM") # Add by IBM string ticker, save reference to Symbol Cache. self.MarketOrder("IBM", 100) # Determine refering to IBM Equity from Symbol Cache. self.History("AAPL", 14) # Makes a guess referring to AAPL Equity. # Example 2: Correctly Using Symbols: self.ibm = self.AddEquity("IBM").Symbol # Add IBM Equity string ticker, save Symbol. self.MarketOrder(self.ibm, 100) # Use IBM Symbol in future API calls. self.aapl = Symbol.Create("AAPL", SecurityType.Equity, Market.USA) self.History(self.aapl, 14)
// Example 1: Relying On Symbol Cache: AddEquity("IBM"); // Add by IBM string ticker, save reference to Symbol Cache. MarketOrder("IBM", 100); // Determine refering to IBM Equity from Symbol Cache. History("AAPL", 14); // Guess referring to AAPL Equity. // Example 2: Correctly Using Symbols: var ibm = AddEquity("IBM").Symbol; // Add IBM Equity string ticker, save Symbol. MarketOrder(ibm, 100); // Use IBM Symbol in future API calls. var aapl = Symbol.Create("AAPL", SecurityType.Equity, Market.USA) History(aapl, 14)


FAQ
18 Apr 2012This is a continuously updated list of responses to questions I get about the main post and Top 8 List, which should be read first.
Q: To solve the replication crisis, scientists need to do X.
A: There’s a good chance ‘X’ is a collective action problem. If all scientists did it, the field as a whole would benefit. But if a single scientist did it alone, he or she would not benefit. These problems can only be fixed if an outside force (e.g. the NIH) adjusts the incentives so that individuals would benefit from doing the action alone.
Q: Journals need to do X.
A: Again, this is probably a collective action problem. See the response above. The NIH can’t tell journals what to do, but it can reward scientists who submit to good-practice journals. This will encourage other journals to change their behavior.
Q: What about citation count metrics? Aren’t they biased towards surprising and interesting results?
A: Citation count metrics should not be used as a factor in grant decisions and should be replaced by one of the quality-based metrics proposed by Niko Kriegeskorte or Tal Yarkoni, or some of the other metrics proposed in the special issue of Frontiers. My only addition to Niko’s proposed metrics is that I would emphasize importance of the research question, rather than importance of the outcome.
Q: Couldn’t quality-based metrics or other aspects of your proposal be gameable, just like the current system?
A: Yes. All systems are gameable, but some systems are better than others. A more “outcome-unbiased” system will be far better than the current one, which is dysfunctional.
Q: Won’t it be hard for granting agencies to determine whether a journal’s incentive structure encourages good practices?
A: Government agencies make qualitative judgments all the time. Even a rough first-order approximation would have a huge positive effect on research quality. The status quo is dysfunctional. Moreover, some journals that specialize in simple experiments (e.g. clinical trials) might demonstrate that they are outcome-unbiased by adopting an outcome-_blind _review system, as Robin Hanson has proposed.
Q: What about post-publication review?
A: In the current system, the only signal of a paper’s quality is the journal’s impact factor. Readers need more information than this. I am generally supportive of post-publication review and would recommend reading the proposals of Niko Kriegeskorte and some of the proposals in the special issue of Frontiers. Still, I wonder: Will any of these ideas actually be put into practice? Or will scientists just continue to talk about them as they have since the 1970s? It seem like a classic collective action problem. Granting agencies may be needed to provide a nudge.
Q: Null results can easily obtained with sloppy research. Won’t outcome-unbiased journals encourage sloppy research?
A: Yes, it is admittedly a complicated issue. We need to strike a balance between being completely outcome-unbiased on the one hand, and valuing significant results on the other hand. At the moment, the wrong balance has been struck. Null results are disincentivized far too much.
Q: Isn’t it good to do exploratory analysis?
A: Absolutely, but only if it identified as such. HARKing is misleading, and inflates Type I error.


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{% extends 'base/base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% load cookielaw_tags %} {% block content %} {% cookielaw_banner %}
Please insert a URL of a HXL data source to load.
Datasource supported include Google Documents/Drive, Dropbox and HDX files
Please refer to our help section to get started.
Create an online sharable dashboard in less than 2 minutes. Watch the example video below to see how easy it is.


{% assign images = site.url | append: '/' | append: site.baseurl | append: '/assets/img/customers' %}
Learn with online samples and courses
Practice, Practice, Practice
Test your code with Unit testing and Koans.


Developed by prolane.org (Gerard Laan), forked by Sean Fernandez (sd3z)
For help, please see README at the project page on Github.com
Developed by prolane.org (Gerard Laan), forked by Sean Fernandez (sd3z)
For help, please see README at the project page on Github.com


Default implementation of ReactiveMongoApi.
A JSON implementation of FileToSave
.
A mixin for controllers that will provide MongoDB actions.
MongoDB API
Can be used for a custom application loader.
Cake pattern components.
MongoDB module.
MongoDB module.
Instances of Play Formatter for the ReactiveMongo types.
Factory of JSONFileToSave.
Instances of Play PathBindable for the ReactiveMongo types.
Can be used for a custom application loader.


← Where do people go to in their day to day life?
Select clusters of places or places individually and see where visitors originated. Once a selection is made, see an ordered table of places that can be used to quickly navigate.
To leave a selection, use the Exit button that appears at the bottom right of the view.
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Type [class][api.type.class] Library together.* Revision Current Public Version Keywords TogetherUserNotification Sample code github samples
The UserNotification class represents a together UserNotification.
The ID of the UserNotification.
The type of notification the UserNotification is.
The purpose of the UserNotification.
The textual (message) of the UserNotification.
The ID of the original GameInstance associated with the UserNotification. This member is used for rematch invite notifications.
The ID of the GameInstance associated with the UserNotification.
The ID of the Achievement associated with the UserNotification. If the User accepts the UserNotification, then they will be awarded this Achievement.
The ID of the Item associated with the UserNotification. If the User accepts the UserNotification, then they will be awarded this Item.
The number of Items to award the User when they accept the UserNotification.
The type of social network the User is registered with. Facebook="FB".
The ID of the social user the User had registered as. Facebook=[User's facebook ID].
The ID of the ChatRoom the UserNotification was sent from.
The ID of the User that sent the UserNotification.
The username of the User that sent the UserNotification.
A boolean indicating whether the UserNotification was processed.
A boolean indicating whether the UserNotification was accepted.
The number of seconds since the UserNotification was created.
The number of seconds since the User that sent the UserNotification has been active in any together Game.
The ID of the Client the User that sent the UserNotification has last played a Game with.
The ID of the Game the User that sent the UserNotification has last played.
The ID of the Platform of the last played Game for the User that sent the UserNotification.


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17.8 Interface for Arc Length on
Spherical Surfaces
void arclen(SPoint p1, SPoint p2, double *length)
Return Value
None.
Description
Computes the length
of an arc between points p1 and
p2 on a spherical surface. Each point is a
structure of type Spoint, a point in spherical
coordinates. Specify the radius of the sphere as the
rho member of each SPoint
structure. Specify the theta and
phi members of each SPoint
structure in radians. The length of the arc is returned in
length.
Complexity
O (1) |


API Diff
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The overall goal of this assignment is to assess your ability to implement:
The functional goal of this assignment to implement a web application to manage TodoItems.
Start with the application completed in module 2. This will have defined all the models and relationships required for this assignment:
An Entity Relationship (ER) diagram is provided below to help depict each Model's relationship:
+------+ 1 * +----------+ 1 * +----------+
| User |--------| TodoList |--------| TodoItem |
+------+ +----------+ +----------+
We will not be using the optional Profile
model class in this assignment.
Implement access to TodoItem
as a nested resource of TodoList
Lock down the application to only authenticated users.
Limit access to resources associated with the logged in user.
Access unbounded collections of resources using pagination.
Start with a copy of your todolists
solution from the module 2 assignment
From your todolists
application root directory, remove the unit test from module 2.
`-- spec
`-- assignment_spec.rb
$ rm spec/assignment_spec.rb
Download and extract the starter set of boostrap files for this assignment.
|-- Gemfile
|-- db
| `-- seeds.rb
`-- spec
-- start.rb
-- nested_resources.rb
-- security.rb
-- authorization.rb
-- authentication.rb
-- pagination.rb
-- end2end.rb
Overwrite your existing Gemfile with the Gemfile from the bootstrap fileset. They should be nearly identical, but this is done to make sure the gems and versions you use in your solution can be processed by the automated Grader when you submit. Any submission should be tested with this version of the file.
NOTE the Gemfile includes a section added for the last assignment:
group :test do
gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.0'
gem 'capybara'
end
as well as a new definition for the following items:
bcrypt
gem uncommented for use with has_secure_password
tzinfo-data
gem conditionally included on Windows platformswill_paginate
added for implementing paging
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
gem 'will_paginate', '~> 3.0.6'
Overwrite your existing db/seeds.rb
file from the bootstrap fileset. This file contains some test data that will be useful during development and unit tests.
Add the spec/*.rb
files provided with the bootstrap fileset to the corresponding spec/
directory within your todolists
application. These files contain tests that will help determine whether you have completed the assignment.
Run the bundle
command to make sure all gems are available.
$ bundle
Run the rspec test(s) to receive feedback. rspec
must be run from the root directory of your application. There are several test files provided for this assignment. Many of those files are designed to test your code at specific points as you proceed through the technical requirements of this assignment. As such, many tests will fail if executed after additional technical requirements have been completed. Initially, majority of tests will (obviously) fail until you complete the requirements necessary for them to pass.
$ rspec
...
(N) examples, 1 failure, (N) pending
To focus test feedback on a specific step of the requirements, add the specific file (path included) with the tests along with "-e rq##" to the rspec command line to only evaluate a specific requirement. Pad all step numbers to two digits.
$ rspec spec/start_spec.rb -e rq1.0
...
(N) example, 0 failures
Implement your solution to the technical requirements and use the rspec tests to help verify your completed solution.
Submit your Rails app solution for grading.
Starting with a copy of your module 2 solution, this solution should already have User
, TodoList
, and TodoItem
models defined with the following properties and relationships. This assignment does not use the Profile
model class but it will not hurt to include it.
TodoList
(i.e., User has_many
todo_lists).Add appropriate options to have the User
model class delete a TodoList
in a cascading fashion
User
(i.e., TodoList belongs_to
User)TodoItem
(i.e., TodoList has_many
todo_items).Add appropriate options to have the TodoList
model class delete a TodoItem
in a cascading fashion
$ rake db:migrate
$ rspec spec/start_spec.rb
Add has_secure_password
to the User
model class. This will define a password
property that will get processed into an encrypted hash stored in the password_digest
database column. We won't use this capability immediately -- but it is necessary to define it early in the assignment so that the data model works with the db/seeds.rb
file in the next step.
$ rspec spec/security_spec.rb -e rq02
Seed the database with the db/seeds.rb
file. This will load sample Users
, TodoLists
, and TodoItems
. If this loads correctly -- your models and database are setup correctly and you are ready to start accessing the data through web pages produced by the controller and views.
$ rake db:seed
$ rails c
> User.first.todo_lists.count
=> (N>0)
Use the rails g scaffold_controller
command to create controller and view artifacts for TodoLists
and TodoItems
.
$ rails g scaffold_controller TodoList list_name list_due_date:date
$ rails g scaffold_controller TodoItem title due_date:date description:text completed:boolean
Update config/routes.rb
to
:todo_list
resources at URI /todo_lists
:todo_item
resources at URI /todo_lists/:todo_list_id/todo_items
todo_list#index
action the root of the application(Hint: refer to module 4, lesson 1, lecture:Nested Resources: Part1
for details on how this is done)
At this point, TodoList
is defined as a global resource (with a root-level URI) and TodoItem
is defined as a nested resource, always scoped below the TodoList
it belongs to. Our application is not written to work that way, so expect some errors as we begin the modifications.
If you have not yet done so -- please start the server and also take a look at your defined URI routes.
$ rails s #in separate console
$ rake routes #in original console
$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq04
Update the TodoList
to display TodoItems
as a nested resource in the todo_list#show
page (todo_lists/show.html.erb
).
Copy the table from the todo_items#index
page (index.html.erb
) and paste the table into the todo_lists#show
page (todo_lists/show.html.erb
)
Change global @todo_items
references to scoped @todo_list.todo_items
references below:
from: <% @todo_items.each do |todo_item| %>
to: <% @todo_list.todo_items.each do |todo_item| %>
Remove the Edit
link for TodoItems
Change the link_to parameters from global todo_item
references to provide fully qualified [@todo_list, todo_item]
references as an array.
from: <%= link_to 'Show', todo_item %>
to: <%= link_to 'Show', [@todo_list, todo_item] %>
from: <%= link_to 'Destroy', todo_item, method: :delete, data: ...
to: <%= link_to 'Destroy', [@todo_list, todo_item], method: :delete, data: ...
$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq05b
NOTE: This test case is for incremental testing only and WILL FAIL after authentication infrastructure is in place later in this assignment.
$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq05d
NOTE: This test case is for incremental testing only and WILL FAIL after authentication infrastructure is in place later in this assignment.
link_to
and new_todo_list_todo_item_path(@todo_list)
helpers to produce a link tag)$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq05e
Note how the new_todo_list_todo_item_path(@todo_list)
is formed from what is produced in rake routes
.
$ rake routes
new_todo_list_todo_item GET /todo_lists/:todo_list_id/todo_items/new(.:format) todo_items#new
todo_items#new
when we create a new TodoItem
/todo_lists/:todo_list_id/todo_items/new(.:format)
URI and GET method. We are required to supply a :todo_list_idnew_todo_list_todo_item_path
is formed by adding _path
to new_todo_list_todo_item
@todo_list
when calling itnew_todo_list_todo_item_path
Notice that the TodoItems
now display on the todo_list#show
page by navigating to a specific TodoList
. However, the TodoItem
URIs are not yet implemented in the TodoItem
controller (next step).
$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq05
Modify the TodoItem
controller to work as a nested resource by implementing the following. Note that your views with TodoItem
URI references will not work until these changes are made and the links and forms are updated to include the scoping TodoList
for each referenced TodoItem
. The unit tests, however, will be able to make calls into your back-end to determine all URIs are implemented properly -- prior to moving on to the views.
TodoItem
will now be scoped below a TodoList
. Use the todo_item output of rake routes
to give you a head start.$ rake routes
#METHOD /todo_list/:todo_list_id/todo_items
#METHOD /todo_list/:todo_list_id/todo_items/:id
Remove the todo_item#index
method and views/todo_items/index
pages. This will no longer be called since all TodoItem
displays will be scoped to a particular TodoList
. We will get the TodoList
and call todo_list.todo_items()
instead.
Add a private helper method called set_todo_list
that sets the @todo_list
instance variable from the :todo_list_id
property passed in via the params. (Hint: try the following in the rails console
if you need practice locating a TodoList by id)
$ rails c
> list_id=TodoList.first.id
> @todo_list=TodoList.find(list_id)
set_todo_item
to scope its find command to the todo_items
of a specific @todo_list
list. (Hint: try the following in the rails console
if you need practice locating a TodoItem
by id scoped to a TodoList
)$ rails c
> list_id=TodoList.first.id
> @todo_list=TodoList.find(list_id)
><EMAIL_ADDRESS>> @todo_item=@todo_list.todo_items.find(item_id)
Invoke the set_todo_list
method before each method in the controller is executed using a before_action
Update the todo_item#new
action to return a new TodoItem
instance that is initialized to reference its parent @todo_list
, which is provided by set_todo_list
.
(Hint: try the following the rails console
if you need practice creating a new instance of a TodoItem
associated with a TodoList
. Notice the new TodoItem is never saved to the database during this call. However, what is passed back to the form is a TodoItem prototype that has its foreign key reference set to the TodoList
so that TodoList
can be referenced when the TodoItem
is finally created in a follow-on POST)
$ rails c
> @todo_list=TodoList.first
><EMAIL_ADDRESS>todo_item#create
to create a new TodoItem
instance based on the todo_item_params
as before. Except now create this instance associated with the @todo_list
provided by set_todo_list
. (Hint: try the following in the rails console
if you need practice creating a new instance of a TodoItem
associated with a TodoList
. Notice that in this case -- save()
is being called on the todo_list
, causing the new TodoItem
to be inserted into the database.)$ rails c
> @todo_list=TodoList.first
> @todo_item=@todo_list.todo_items.new(title:"my item")
> @todo_list.save()
todo_item#create
, todo_item#update
, and todo_item#destroy
methods to do to the todo_list#index
page. (Hint: use the @todo_list
variable within redirect_to
to express the todo_list#index
page URI)Update TodoList
and TodoItem
views to adjust the links and forms in these views to work with the updated URIs and TodoItem
controller.
todo_items#show
page (todo_items/show.html.erb
) to include the TodoList
the TodoItem
is a member of.Change the Edit
link_to path parameter from the global edit_todo_item_path
(that no longer exists) to the new edit_todo_list_todo_item_path
. This new method requires both @todo_list
and `todo_item' passed in as separate arguments (not as an array -- as in previous requirement).
from: <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_todo_item_path(@todo_item) %> |
to: <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_todo_list_todo_item_path(@todo_list, @todo_item) %> |
Change the Back
link_to path parameter from to global edit_items_path
(that no longer exists) to the todo_listi#show
page it is a member of. This requires using the @todo_list
.
from: <%= link_to 'Back', todo_items_path %>
to: <%= link_to 'Back', @todo_list %>
$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq07a
todo_items#edit
page (todo_items/edit.html.erb
) to include the TodoList
the TodoItem
is a member of.Change the Show
link_to path parameter from a global @todo_item
reference to include its @todo_list
. This requires using both @todo_list
and `@todo_item' passed in as separate arguments as an array.
from: <%= link_to 'Show', @todo_item %> |
to: <%= link_to 'Show', [@todo_list, @todo_item] %> |
Change the Back
link_to path parameter from a global todo_items_path
(that no longer exists) to reference the TodoList
it is a member of. This new method requires the @todo_list
passed in as a single argument.
from: <%= link_to 'Back', todo_items_path %>
to: <%= link_to 'Back', @todo_list %>
TodoItems
form partial page (todo_items/_form.html.erb
) to include the TodoList
the TodoItem
is a member of.Change the link_to parameters from global todo_item
references to provide fully qualified `[@todo_list, @todo_item]' references as an array.
from: <%= form_for(@todo_item) do |f| %>
to: <%= form_for([@todo_list, @todo_item]) do |f| %>
$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq07c
todo_items#new
page (todo_items/new.html.erb
) to include the TodoList
.change the Back
link_to path parameter from a global todo_items_path
(that no longer exists) to reference the TodoList
it is a member of. This new method requires the @todo_list
passed in as a single argument.
from: <%= link_to 'Back', todo_items_path %>
to: <%= link_to 'Back', @todo_list %>
$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq07d
completed
conditional on the todo_item
being edited versus new. Users should not be allowed to see/change the completed
property for a new TodoItem
. (Hint: edited objects are persisted and can be tested using persisted?
. Objects can also be tested with .new_record?
)$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq07e
$ rspec spec/nested_resources_spec.rb -e rq07
Verify that you have implemented a password login capability for the User
model. You implemented this in an earlier step to allow the provided db/seeds.rb
to immediately work with passwords. This this should just be a sanity check and review of how has_secure_password
works.
Using the rails console
, verify that you fail authentication when using the wrong password for a specific User
. You can locate the username
and assigned password
in the db/seeds.rb
file.
$ rails c
> user=User.where(username:"rich").first
> user.authenticate("wrongpassword")
=> false
Using the rails console
, verify that you can authenticate using a valid password for a specific User
.
> user=User.where(username:"rich").first
> user.authenticate("123abc")
=> #<User id: 277, username: "rich", password_digest: "$2a...
Using the rails console
, verify that you can authenticate and get the TodoLists
for an authenticated User
.
> user=User.where(username:"rich").first
> user.authenticate("123abc").todo_lists.count
=> 49 #seed data randomly generated
$ rspec spec/security_spec.rb -e rq08
Create a new controller to manage the user's session
when interacting with the server.
rails g controller
command to create a Sessions
controller with the following actions:config/routes.rb
file edited by the rails g controller
command to be the following:generated:
get 'sessions/new'
get 'sessions/create'
get 'sessions/destroy'
change to:
resources :sessions, only: [:new, :create, :destroy]
/login
action to sessions#new
in config/routes.rb
. Have this be referred to as the login
resource so rake routes
generates a login
_path helper.get "/login" => "sessions#new", as: "login"
/login
action to sessions#destroy
in config/routes.rb
. Have this referred to as the logout
resource so rake routes
reports a logout
_path helper.delete "/logout" => "sessions#destroy", as: "logout"
$ rspec spec/security_spec.rb -e rq09
Implement the Sessions
controller class and view. This should permit a caller to willingly navigate to the /login
page, login with a correct password, and proceed to the root URI. Nothing will stop an un-authenticated user from accessing the same list at this time. (Hint: the information to complete this step is contained in module 4, lesson 2, lecture:Sessions and Controller View
)
Leave the new
method in its default state. This will cause the route to continue straight to views/sessions/new.html.erb
.
Update the sessions#new
page (views/sessions/new.html.erb
) to declare a form:
User
model type :user; this will cause the properties of the form to be assigned to an instance of a User
sessions_path
URI; this will cause a POST to the sessions#create URI to be invoked when a submit is calleduser[username]
propertyuser[password]
propertywith a submit action; this will submit the form to the server when pressed

Login

<%= form_for(:user, url: sessions_path) do |f| %>

<%= f.label :username %>

<%= f.text_field :username %>

<%= f.label :password %>

<%= f.password_field :password %>

<%= f.submit "Login" %>

<% end %>
$ rspec spec/security_spec.rb -e rq10b
create
method as follows:username
and password
from the submitted formusername
password
session
root_path
of the application and supply a flash.notice message announcing successful loginredirect the caller to the login_path
and supply an flash.alert message
$ rspec spec/security_spec.rb -e rq10c
destroy
method as follows:session
, wiping out the user's session and everything in itredirect the caller to the login_path
with a flash.notice message announcing successful logout
$ rspec spec/security_spec.rb -e rq10d
destroy
and create
pages in the view, generated by rails g controller
since they are not being used.$ rspec spec/security_spec.rb -e rq10d
Require users to authenticate with your application prior to accessing anything except the login page. At the completion of these steps, no one should be able to access anything except the login page -- until they successfully authenticate. (Hint: the information to complete this step is contained within module 4, lesson 2, lecture: Authorization
)
Define a logged_in? helper method in the
ApplicationControllerclass that evaluates to
true` if the there is a user associated with the session.
Define a current_user
helper method in the ApplicationController
class that finds and returns the User
instance associated with the session.
Expose logged_in?
and current_user
as helper methods outside of the controller using helper_method
. Note these methods were already available to all controller sub-classes. This designation makes them available to the views as well.
Define a ensure_login
helper method in the ApplicationController
class that redirects the caller to the login_path
if they are not logged in. Note this method is available to all controller sub-classes in the application.
Define that all methods perform ensure_login
before they are called using before_action
.
Create an exception to the above rule so that sessions#new
and sessions#create
can be accessed by an unauthenticated user -- otherwise no one will be able to access the login page.
class SessionsController < ApplicationController
skip_before_action :ensure_login, only: [:new, :create]
views/layouts/application.html.erb
page to include user/logout information based on the current session state. With this snippet in place -- you should be able to login and see the current_user.username displayed in the right, top corner of the display.<% if logged_in? %>

Logged in as <%= current_user.username %> |
<%= link_to "Logout", logout_path, method: :delete %>

<% end %>
$ rspec spec/authentication_spec.rb -e rq11
Update the application so that authenticated users can only have access to TodoLists
associated with their specific user. This mostly involves updating the TodoListController
to change all global TodoList
commands to be scoped current_user.todo_lists
commands. (Hint: If you need some practice accessing TodoLists
for an authenticated user, try the following commands in the rails console
.
$ rails c
> user_id=User.where(username:"rich").first.id
> current_user=User.find(user_id)
> current_user.todo_lists.count
=> 49 #random assignment -- some number greater than 0
This mostly involves changing the following from/to.
from: TodoList.x
to: current_user.todo_lists.x
At this point, logged in users should only be able to see their TodoList
s
$ rspec spec/authentication_spec.rb -e rq12
Add pagination to your application to help scale and manage methods that can return unbounded collections of information.
Verify the will_paginate
gem is added to your Gemfile.
Update the todolist#index
action to return a page of TodoLists
associated with the current_user
that are up to 8 objects per_page. (Hint: If you are not familiar with how will_paginate
works, you can get some familiarity using the rails c
and Active Record commands. will_paginate
adds an additional method to all model classes to be able to break find command results into pages and page results.)
$ rails c
> 3.times {|n| p TodoList.paginate(page:n+1, per_page:1)}
> p TodoList.paginate(page:1, per_page:1).total_pages
=> 101
The page number will be available in the params[:page]
property of the call.
will_paginate
to your todolists#index
page and apply it to your @todo_lists
result from the controller.At this point, logged in users should only be able to see their TodoList
s and
$ rspec spec/pagination_spec.rb
Perform an end-to-end check of your work. Before you do, you must remove the confirmation dialogs from your Destroy links since we are not using a webdriver that supports javascript for this assignment. Inside the todo_list show.html.erb file you will need to change the destroy link to eliminate the confirmation dialog:
from: <%= link_to 'Destroy', [@todo_list, todo_item], method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %>
to: <%= link_to 'Destroy', [@todo_list, todo_item], method: :delete %>
Do the same for todo_list index.html.erb
from: <%= link_to 'Destroy', todo_list, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %>
to: <%= link_to 'Destroy', todo_list, method: :delete %>
Login to the application as rich
Access the first TodoList
on the second page
Complete the first TodoItem
in that TodoList
if not completed
Create a new TodoItem
for that TodoList
Delete a TodoItem
from that TodoList
Create a new TodoList
Delete a TodoList
rspec spec/end2end_spec.rb
Some unit tests have been provided in the bootstrap files and provide examples of tests the grader will be evaluating for when you submit your solution. They must be run from the project root directory.
$ rspec (file)
...
(N) examples, 0 failures
You can run as many specific tests you wish be adding -e rq## -e rq##
$ rspec (file) -e rq01 -e rq02
Note that some of the earlier specs cannot be run once security has been fully enabled. Use the end2end
test when complete. Each of the individual requirements list specific specs that can be used during the time of that development.
Submit an .zip archive (other archive forms not currently supported) with your solution root directory as the top-level (e.g., your Gemfile and sibling files must be in the root of the archive and not in a sub-folder. The grader will replace the spec files with fresh copies and will perform a test with different query terms.
|-- app
| |-- assets
| |-- controllers
| |-- helpers
| |-- mailers
| |-- models
| `-- views
|-- bin
|-- config
|-- config.ru
|-- db
|-- Gemfile
|-- Gemfile.lock
|-- lib
|-- log
|-- public
|-- Rakefile
|-- README.rdoc
|-- test
`-- vendor


10 Cleaning data with Google Sheets
This chapter will demonstrate some of the bedrock data cleaning skills using Google Sheets, techniques that can be used in Excel and other spreadsheets. We will normalize and clean data by deleting rows, stripping whitespace, making characters lowercase or uppercase. In addition, you will learn to split text to columns, a very handy tool for splitting up dates.
Make a copy of your data before cleaning)
We will use a version of the Washington Post police shooting data to conduct these exercises.
10.0.1 Text to columns
We want to split up the date field into day, month and year. Currently, the format is 2015-01-02. Luckily, the fields all share a common separator, a hyphen, and we can ask Google Sheets to split all according to the hyphen. Other common separators are commas and spaces.
First steps when modifying data: make a backup copy! - Left click on the tab “Police Shootings to Clean” - Select duplicate - Rename “Copy of Police Shootings to Clean” to “Original Police Shootings to Clean.” Do not touch this version.
Time to split text to columns. I am extra paranoid (for good reason) and so I always duplicate a date field before modifying it. Duplicate the date column (click on Column C, left click, copy, then Insert column to left, select new blank Column C and paste), save the copy as date-original.
- Select date column
- Select Data | Split text to columns
- See a dialog box: Separator. Select Custom and type in a dash - and enter. You now have the date field chopped up to year, month and day. Rename column E for month and column f for day.
10.0.2 Normalizing
Scroll down the race_ethnicity column and you will see a number of different categories for the same thing: white, White, non Hispanic and Black, African Am. To see all the variations of categorical variables, create a filter and check the different variables
This presents a big problem when you are trying to group and summarize based on these variable names. See this chart
We see white totals 44 and White, non Hispanic total 3,136. We want those to be together – the total is 3,180 – because they are the same thing. Also note that African Am totals 29 and Black totals 1,645, and we would want to combine those as well.
Let’s fix it!
Before changing any data, let’s work with a copy of the column. - Select race_ethnicity (Column k), left click, copy - Left click on Column K, insert column to right, paste - Rename as race_ethnicity2
Renaming variables. We will rename all “white” as “White, non Hispanic” - Filter race_ethnicity (Column K) to white - in race_ethnicity2, write “White, non Hispanic” in the first column and copy down the list
10.0.3 Lowercase or Uppercase character conversion
Create a filter and notice two variations on Native American: NativeAm and nativeam. You can resolve these differences easily by converting all to Upper or Lower case text using the =UPPER or =LOWER functions.
- To convert NativeAm to lower case, filter on race_ethnicity (Column K) for NativeAm.
- In race_ethnicity2 (Column L), insert a blank column, and type the function =LOWER(K67) and hit enter.
The result should be nativeam as the first entry in race_ethnicity2.
See this example
10.0.4 White space
One obnoxious feature of spreadsheet data is the invisible “white space” or hidden character or carriage returns that can impede your ability to group and summarize variables. Look at the age column. See how some numbers are flush left while most are flush right. The flush left data has hidden white space. You can fix this by clicking on individual cells and deleting the space around the number or you can do it with a function.
- Select age (Column H), left click on Column H, insert column to right, rename as age2
- In cell I2, type =TRIM(H2) and enter. Copy the formula down.
Note how all of the values have been normalized.
These are some of the basic go-to tools for data cleaning in Google Sheets, which can be adapted to Excel, R and other programming languages.


The Contemporary will lead 4 free information sessions and 3 free workshops. Each of the 4 info sessions will cover the same information and provide details on the Grit Fund application process, guidelines, eligibility, funding priorities, and more. Each of the 3 workshops focuses on a different topic outlined below. You are welcome to attend just the info session or workshop portion of each event, or both. While attending an info session and/or workshop is encouraged, attendance is not required to apply for funding. No RSVP necessary.
-
Information Session #1 + Grant Writing Workshop
Wednesday, December 16, 2015
Info session 6:00 - 7:00 PM
Grant Writing Workshop 7:00 - 8:30 PM
The Contemporary
429 North Eutaw Street, Suite 1SThe Grant Writing Workshop is led by Tamar Cloyd, a fundraising and communications consultant, and board trustee of The Contemporary. This workshop provides strategies for writing a compelling and competitive grant narrative.
Tamar Cloyd is a fundraising and communications consultant with The Cloyd Group, LLC. She has over 10 years’ experience working in the nonprofit sector, including fundraising, program management, communications (online and print), and direct service delivery. In her spare time, Tamar volunteers as a reader for the Metropolitan Washington Ear in Silver Spring, MD. She has also volunteered as a grant reviewer with the DC Children & Youth Investment Trust Corporation and D.C.’s Office of the State Superintendent of Education. A native of Chicago, IL, Tamar holds a bachelor’s in psychology from Michigan State University, and a master’s degree in community social psychology from the University of Massachusetts, Lowell. She resides in Columbia, MD with her husband and three sons.
-
Information Session #2
Wednesday, January 6, 2016
6:00 - 7:00 PM
Jubilee Arts Baltimore
1947 Pennsylvania Avenue -
Information Session #3 + Budget Workshop
Tuesday, January 12, 2016
Info Session 6:00 - 7:00 PM
Budget Workshop 7:00 - 8:30 PM
The Motor House
120 West North AvenueThe Budget Workshop is led by Rebecca Chan, program officer for the Robert W. Deutsch Foundation. This workshop offers a detailed look at the Grit Fund Budget Form and tips on preparing a realistic budget that is consistent with your grant proposal.
Rebecca Cordes Chan is a Program Officer at the Robert W. Deutsch Foundation and a Creative Placemaking Research Fellow with The Reinvestment Fund. Rebecca formally served as the Program Director of Station North Arts & Entertainment Inc., where she managed two international street art festivals, oversaw programming at four public spaces in the Station North Arts District, and co-produced the 2012 National Symposium on Arts/Cultural/Entertainment Districts, and its sequel, the 2013 Artists & Neighborhood Change Conference. Rebecca holds an M.S. in Historic Preservation from the Graduate School of Design at the University of Pennsylvania, and B.A. in Anthropology from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
-
Information Session #4 + Tax Workshop
Saturday, January 23, 2016
Info Session 12:00 - 1:00 PM
Tax Workshop 1:00 - 2:30 PM
Creative Alliance
3134 Eastern AvenueThe Tax Workshop is co-led by Chris Ryer, director of the Southeast Community Development Corporation and coordinator of Highlandtown Arts and Entertainment District, and Jessica Lanzillotti, general manager of Everyman Theatre, treasurer of Iron Crow Theatre Company, member of the Finance Committee of the Bromo Arts District, and board treasurer of The Contemporary. This Workshop covers tax incentives for designated Arts & Entertainment Districts and offers a tax primer for practicing artists, including tips for tracking deductible expenses.
Chris Ryer began working in community development over 25 years ago at the Baltimore Planning Department. After ten years as a community planner with the Department, he moved to the non-profit sector where he worked for the Trust for Public Lands and a community based organization in southwest Baltimore. In 2002 he returned to the Baltimore Planning Department where he served as Chief of Comprehensive Planning and Deputy Director. He has been the Director of the Southeast Baltimore Community Development Corporation since 2007.
Jessica Lanzillotti, a South Dakota native, holds the position of Treasurer of Single Carrot Theatre’s Board of Directors and works as the General Manager at Everyman Theatre. Jessica graduated valedictorian of the Towson University Business School in 2002, has interned at Arthur Andersen, LLP, and worked up to a senior accountant at Chernoff & Richards, P.A. She left to form her own accounting company in 2005 and immediately took on Baltimore’s Everyman Theatre as one of her clients. After working contractually for a few years, Jessica joined the Everyman team full time, first as Business Manager and then as General Manager beginning in July of 2012. Jessica does not have any artistic experience, generally preferring to work "behind the scenes," but she attends shows regularly and loves the creative environment.


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When it comes to the most influential pets online, the original still comes out on top. Many of you will remember the Grumpy Cat phenomenon of 2012. The brother of Tabatha Bundesen, the tiny feline's owner, posted a picture to Reddit when the now-famous kitty was only a few months old. Her distinctive face, the result of an underbite and dwarfism, grabbed attention immediately. It ended up on the front page of the internet aggregator overnight. "Everyone was saying she was Photoshopped," Bundesen told Forbes. "So he put a video on YouTube. In 24 hours, she had over a million views. That's how she became a meme."
Grumpy Cat tops Forbes' ranking of Top Pet Influencers, joining a list that includes such web luminaries as Pomeranian stars Jiff and Boo and precious cats Nala and Lil Bub.In the years since her early Reddit virality, Grumpy's internet fame has taken Bundesen around the world and resulted in partnerships, sponsorships, and merchandise opportunities worth millions of dollars. She became the official “spokescat” of Friskies pet food in 2013, and Bundesen -- aided by Ben Lashes, a talent manager with expertise in the internet space -- has brokered licensing deals with mainstream brands ranging from Hot Topic to Gund. You can buy Grumpy Cat pet toys, calendars, mugs, t-shirts and accessories; in 2014, 'Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever' hit TV screens nationwide.
"You put a cute, grumpy face out there and people are going to stop what they're doing and pay attention," Bundesen said from Arizona, where the famous kitty is based. "I think that's a huge part of the marketing with Grumpy." She shared some advice for pet owners with adorable animals who might want to follow in the footsteps of the internet's best-known cat. "Whatever photos bring you joy are probably going to bring the world joy too," Bundesen said. And she thinks the enormous success of pet influencers isn't a trend, but rather...has legs. (Sorry, I couldn't help myself.) "I grew up being influenced by Lassie and Garfield," she said. "Pet influencers can come from nowhere. They can just be plucked from obscurity."


compare
Example:
boolean result = Integer.compare(a, b) == 0;
After the quick-fix is applied:
boolean result = a == b;
New in 2018.2