3 takeaways from Hawaii’s 14-11 victory over San Diego State | Honolulu Star-Advertiser
After Saturday’s 14-11 victory over San Diego State, five of Hawaii’s seven home games this year have been decided by three points or fewer. Read more
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Alright, we have gone through the risks and rewards. If you are still with me, and are interested in donating to the cause then I am forever indebted to your support!
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Thank you once again from the very essence of my being for your support!
Thank you!
Thank you for taking the time to read my thoughts on funding Super.NET and for any consideration towards supporting this project. Even if you are not supporting, I certainly appreciate the time taken to read these words of mine to see what I have in mind here. If anything, I hope that you gain inspiration from my efforts here and can find a way to utilize them for your own pursuits and business in life.
Many blessings and peace to you!


"At time t
, party a
may buy asset x
from party b
for price y
"
function buy() {
if(currentTime == t) {
a.give(b,y)
b.give(a,x)
}
}
Do both parties trust the executor?
Result: the rules enforce themselves
Contracts = byte code on the Ethereum Virtual Machine
(Written in Solidity)
contract Bank {
mapping (address => uint) balances;
function deposit() {
balances[msg.sender] += msg.value;
}
function withdraw(uint amount) returns (bool) {
if(amount <= balances[msg.sender]) {
msg.sender.send(amount);
balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
What is deposited and withdrawn?
A game of two players. Joining costs 10 ether.
joinGame : Int -> EthereumEff (success : Bool)
joinGame move = do
pc <- read playerCount
if pc < 2 && !value >= 10
then do
write players pc (!sender,move)
write playerCount (pc+1)
return True
else
return False
Error: Ether is not returned!
Amended version
joinGame : Int -> EthereumEff (success : Bool)
joinGame move = do
pc <- read playerCount
if pc < 2 && !value >= 10
then do
write players pc (!sender,move)
write playerCount (pc+1)
send (!value-10) !sender
return True
else do
send !value !sender
return False
Error: The move is revealed!
| Mistake | Solution |
|---|---|
| Wrong handling of ether | Encode ether flow in the type system |
| Openly communicating secret information | Include crypto schemes in library and compiler |
joinGame : Int ->
EthereumEff (success : Bool)
Include ether in the type signature:
joinGame : Int ->
EthereumEff (success : Bool)
{ VALUE = value
; BALANCE = balance
; TRANS = trans
; KEEP = keep
}
Include ether in the type signature:
joinGame : Int -> {auto p : LTE 10 value} ->
EthereumEff (success : Bool)
{ VALUE = value
; BALANCE = balance
; TRANS = trans
; KEEP = keep
}
Function is undefined for value < 10
Decide behavior based on return value:
joinGame : Int -> {auto p : LTE 10 value} ->
EthereumEff (success : Bool)
{ VALUE = value
; BALANCE = balance
; TRANS = trans
; KEEP = (if success then 10 else 0)
}
Decide behavior based on return value:
joinGame : Int -> {auto p : LTE 10 value} ->
EthereumEff (success : Bool)
{ VALUE = value
; BALANCE = balance
; TRANS = (if success then (value-10) else value)
; KEEP = (if success then 10 else 0)
}
Annotate the types of secret values:
joinGame : Commit Int -> {auto p : LTE 10 value} ->
EthereumEff (success : Bool)
{ VALUE = value
; BALANCE = balance
; TRANS = (if success then (value-10) else value)
; KEEP = (if success then 10 else 0)
}
reveal
is generated at compile-time.open
.Final version:
joinGame : Commit Int -> {auto p : LTE 10 value} ->
EthereumEff (success : Bool)
{ VALUE = value
; BALANCE = balance
; TRANS = (if success then (value-10) else value)
; KEEP = (if success then 10 else 0)
}
joinGame {value} move = do
pc <- playerCount
if pc < 2
then do write players pc (!sender,move)
write playerCount (pc+1)
send (value-10) !sender
keep 10
pureM True
else do send value !sender
pureM False
An expressive type-system can...


Classes | |
| class | ndKernel |
Public Member Functions | |
| ndOpenclSystem (cl_context context, cl_platform_id) | |
| void | Finish () |
| cl_program | CompileProgram () |
| void | Resize (const ndArray< ndInt32 > &bodyArray) |
| void | CopyToGpu (const ndArray< ndInt32 > &bodyArray) |
| void | SetKernel (const char *const name, ndKernel &kerner) |
| void | ExecuteIntegrateBodyPosition (ndFloat32 timestep, const ndArray< ndBodyKinematic * > &bodyArray) |
| Public Member Functions inherited from ndClassAlloc | |
| ndClassAlloc () | |
| Empty default constructor. | |
| ~ndClassAlloc () | |
| Empty. | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static ndOpenclSystem * | Singleton (ndInt32 driveNumber) |
| Static Public Member Functions inherited from ndClassAlloc | |
| D_OPERATOR_NEW_AND_DELETE static D_CORE_API void * | Malloc (size_t size) |
| Generic allocation for any function subclass from ndClassAlloc. | |
| static D_CORE_API void | Free (void *const ptr) |
| Generic destruction for any function subclass from ndClassAlloc. | |
Public Attributes | |
| ndOpenclBodyBuffer | m_bodyArray |
| char | m_platformName [128] |
| cl_context | m_context |
| cl_device_id | m_device |
| cl_program | m_solverProgram |
| cl_command_queue | m_commandQueue |
| ndKernel | m_integrateBodiesPosition |
| ndKernel | m_integrateBodiesVelocity |
| ndKernel | m_integrateUnconstrainedBodies |
| ndInt32 | m_computeUnits |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static const char * | m_kernelSource |


WITNESS LIST
Finance-S/C on Fiscal Matters
April 8, 2013 9:00 AM
FOR:
Volkening, Ronnie President (Texas Retailers Association), Austin
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Gibson, Stephanie (Texas Retailers Association), Austin, TX
Gonzalez, Daniel Consultant (Texas Association of REALTORS), Austin, TX
Metzger, Luke Director (Environment Texas), Austin, TX
Norman, Scott Executive Director (Texas Association of Builders)
Reed, Cyrus Conservation Director (Sierra Club, Lone Star Chapter), Austin, TX
Thomas, Chelsey Consultant (Texas Association of Realtors), Austin, TX
Weinberg, David Executive Director, Texas League of Conservative Voters (Texas League
of Conservative Voters), Austin, TX
AGAINST:
Israelson, Mark (City of Plano), Plano, TX
FOR:
Rickers, Emily Attorney (also providing written testimony) (Alliance for Texas Families),
Austin, TX
ON:
Jones, Ken Council of Governments (Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council),
Mission, TX
Ramirez, Jorge A. Director, Disaster Recovery (Texas General Land Office)
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Gonzalez, Daniel Consultant (Texas Association of REALTORS), Austin
Perkins, Deena Director of Policy (TX Association of Community Dev. Corporations)
Thomas, Chelsey Consultant (Texas Assoc. of Realtors), Austin, TX
FOR:
Allison, Greg Marine Finance (also providing written testimony) (Rec. Marine Industry),
Bayou Vista, TX
Davidson, Peter M. City of Corpus Christi- Marina Superintendent (also providing written
testimony) (City of Corpus Christi), Corpus Christi, TX
Fox, Peter M. Yacht Dealer/ Broker (Fox Yacht Sales), Port Aransas, TX
Urbanic, Simon Retired (Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership)
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Brush, Robert W. Yacht Broker (Sea Lake Yachts), Kemah, TX
Onstoit, Dennis Insuranc Sales (Self), Houston, TX
Tagliabue, Tom Director, Intergovernmental Relations (City of Corpus Christi)
WITNESS LIST
Finance-S/C on Fiscal Matters
April 8, 2013 9:00 AM
FOR:
Downey, Robert Attorney (Caterpillar Inc.), Brentwood, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Vane, Mark Attorney (Caterpillar Inc)
ON:
Crigler, Marya Chief Appraiser (Travis Central Appraisal District), Round Rock
Robinson, Jim Chief Appraiser, Harris County (Texas Assn. of Appraisal Districts
Legislative Committee), Houston, TX
Wooten, Tim consultant (TX Comptroller)
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Gonzalez, Daniel Consultant (Texas Association of REALTORS), Austin
Thomas, Chelsey Consultant (Texas Association of Realtors), Austin, TX
FOR:
Jayre, Olin Real Estate Brokers (TX Association of Realtors), Plano
Stagner, Steve President (American Council of Engineering Companies of Texas), Austin,
TX
ON:
Austin III., Jeff Commissioner, TxDOT (TxDOT), Austin, TX
Bass, James Chief Fin. Officer (TxDOT), Austin, TX
Dixon, Don Engineer (Self), San Antonio, TX
Reynolds, Brad Revenue Estimation (Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Cooper, Barb realtor (Texas Association of Realtors)
Gonzalez, Daniel Consultant (Texas Association of REALTORS), Austin, TX
Igo, Shanna (Texas Municipal League)
Jolly, Marvin REALTOR (Texas Assoc. of REALTORS), Plano, TX
Newton, Jennifer Director, Public Affairs (AGC of Texas - Highway, Heavy, Utilities &
Industrial), Austin, TX
Olsen, Lawrence (Texas Good Roads Transp Assn)
Shields, Chris Lobbyist (Greater San Antonio Chamber of Commerce), Austin, TX
Thomas, Chelsey Consultant (Texas Association of Realtors), Austin, TX
AGAINST:
Davis, Melissa Legislative Intern (National Association of Social Workers- Texas Chapter),
Austin, TX
Sullivan, Michael Quinn President, TFR (Texans for Fiscal Responsibility), Austin, TX
Venable, Peggy TX Director (Americans For Prosperity), Austin


A collection of items which may or may not be related to each other.
The members of a set are called elements.
The symbol for a set is a pair of curly brackets, with the elements of the set between them: A, B, C


#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <boost/python/return_internal_reference.hpp>
#include <boost/python/reference_existing_object.hpp>
#include <boost/python/copy_const_reference.hpp>
#include "OpenMesh/Core/IO/MeshIO.hh"
#include "OpenMesh/Core/Mesh/TriMesh_ArrayKernelT.hh"
#include "OpenMesh/Core/Mesh/PolyMesh_ArrayKernelT.hh"
Go to the source code of this file.
|
| | OpenMesh |
| | Contains all the mesh ingredients like the polygonal mesh, the triangle mesh, different mesh kernels and mesh traits.
|
| |
| | OpenMesh::Python |
| | This namespace contains classes and functions that are used to expose OpenMesh to Python.
|
| |
|
|
#define | OPENMESH_PYTHON_DEFAULT_POLICY return_value_policy<copy_const_reference>() |
| | Return value policy for functions that return references to objects that are managed by OpenMesh.
|
| |


The Making of "Infinite Summer" (Part 1)
◇ 1 min read
- production
- creativity
- songwriting
- process
This song was supposed to be very different. It started when Steve Peiffer approached me to come up with a summer banger – something that he could release down at the shore. We got together one night and…failed…we failed hard. What Steve wanted was… …but every chord progression and melody I kept writing was more… We eventually called the session a bust and I left with some ideas and lyrics from Steve:


GitLab Setting
GitLab Path
GitLab API Path
Private token
Notification Setting
Polling interval
Polling interval, in seconds. (Need chrome to restart)
Notification to show
Notification per project
Mark event as new
The event will be set as
bold
for the given amount of minutes
Save
Clear cache
Repository Events
Refresh Repository List
Project name
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|
App Engine Python SDK
v1.6.9 rev.445
The Python runtime is available as an experimental Preview feature.
|
Public Member Functions | |
| def | __init__ |
| def | __getitem__ |
| def | __copy__ |
| def | get |
| def | getlist |
| def | iteritems |
| def | iterkeys |
| def | itervalues |
| def | items |
| def | keys |
| def | values |
| def | has_key |
| def | copy |
Public Attributes | |
| dicts | |
A simple class for creating new "virtual" dictionaries that actually look up values in more than one dictionary, passed in the constructor. If a key appears in more than one of the given dictionaries, only the first occurrence will be used.
| def google.appengine._internal.django.utils.datastructures.MergeDict.copy | ( | self | ) |
Returns a copy of this object.


Remix, optimize, "B2B, iterate?" Best-of-breed efficient beta-test; social cutting-edge: rich magnetic tagclouds front-end infomediaries viral authentic incentivize sexy extensible functionalities incentivize. Generate killer authentic grow vertical blogospheres, functionalities ecologies harness, "tag solutions synergies exploit data-driven B2C open-source e-markets optimize create, enhance convergence create." Out-of-the-box strategize best-of-breed back-end, deploy design markets metrics. Content web services enhance leading-edge Cluetrain, deliverables dot-com scalable. User-centric morph, back-end, synthesize mesh, frictionless, exploit next-generation tag portals, e-commerce channels; integrate; recontextualize distributed revolutionize innovative eyeballs.
Aute est literally, salvia fam esse dolor. Banh mi scenester velit franzen trust fund esse dolore truffaut XOXO, shabby chic nisi nostrud typewriter cliche. Cray fanny pack blue bottle dreamcatcher, pariatur iPhone cronut vaporware offal franzen. Ennui selvage man bun cronut kombucha aesthetic gastropub.
Revolutionize implement infrastructures social front-end, world-class bricks-and-clicks extensible recontextualize? User-contributed e-business relationships widgets bleeding-edge transform, "viral world-class, unleash sexy embrace cross-media best-of-breed wireless, functionalities." Markets, "transition architectures, redefine infomediaries world-class back-end harness, mindshare blogospheres; schemas disintermediate rich," benchmark integrated markets blogging synergies dynamic social back-end convergence. Reinvent A-list A-list B2C rss-capable, mesh bandwidth mission-critical disintermediate strategize networks distributed integrated bleeding-edge rss-capable partnerships incubate, web-enabled e-markets. A-list channels enhance citizen-media, value solutions beta-test platforms enable interfaces, transition interfaces one-to-one expedite scalable.


---
title: Crypto Seed Accountancy Platform
layout: home
---
{% capture header %}
# CSAP
### Crypto Seed Accountancy Platform
The right way to bootstrap your business ...
## "All work will be rewarded"
{% endcapture %}
{{ header | markdownify }}
{% capture future %}
This is a investment to the future,
we have a team already fully functional and we don't want the financial aspect
to hold the execution of our project,
so here is how we set things up:
1) each individual contribution to the team effort is acknowledge and is accounted for with a monetary creation,
these minted cryptocurrencies called "seeds" are the measure of the energy and effort infused in the project.
The monetary mass of these seeds represent the "work-already-done" in the startup
and is directly linked to the future value of enterprise.
2) we open up this "work-done" for sale to investors which will get a convertible currency once the project hit the market.

4) once the company makes some revenues, profit is distributed to the team according to their seeds balance,
and each seeds is convertible into fiat money at the investment market price .
Don't hesitate to [CSAP](video5.html) your project ... [michelc<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Now you can buy past or future work-hours on any projects run by our partners.
{% endcapture %}
{{ future | markdownify }}
{% capture how %}
### How does it work ?
You simple add you working time on the [CSAP calendar][1], and you automatically earn token,
you can later use within the CSAP economic zone.
Check our [presentation][2] :
[csap™.pdf][d1],
[csap™.odp][d2],
[csap™.ppt][d3].
[1]: http://timebank.ga/calendar3/
[2]: http://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/QmdBGS9g8FNubt9juFRa8CM7V1EtLgaUTWoA57jmyhMuRw
[d1]: docs/csapTM.pdf
[d2]: docs/csapTM.odf
[d3]: docs/csapTM.ppt
{% endcapture %}
{{ how | markdownify }}


Please attach a logo or profile picture for your Action (max. 500KB).
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The date format must be YYYY-MM-DD
Your on-line event will appear in the following government or partie profile(s).
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Twitter address is invalid. It should look like: https://twitter.com/your-twitter-account
Youtube address is invalid. It should look like: https://www.youtube.com/channel/


I am an extremely passionate and motivated USC graduate eager to further my experience as a Full-Stack Javascript Engineer.
In my free time, I love to play with new web technologies and languages such as React/Redux, WebRTC, and Elm. I also dabble in data distribution using decentralized technologies such as IPFS and Ethereum.
I am an eager learner and am compelled to make a difference with my knowledge.
Relevant Courses: Data Structures, Web Publishing, Digital Entrepreneurship, Linear Algebra
Consulted with Salesforce Team to construct a dashboard in JavaScript to track POD configuration progress.
Advanced Software Engineering Immersive Program. Collaborated with other members to build JavaScript web apps and stood as a technical mentor for junior colleagues.
A distributed file storage platform built using Ethereum and IPFS


MS Computer Science, 2018
Nova Southeastern University
BS Computer Engineering & Physics, 2002
Portland State University
The Tech Academy
Portland Oregon
their site
Project Management Professional, 2016
Project Management Institute
Registry
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM), 2017
Scrum Alliance
PMI Portland Chapter
First Lego League
Using ThreeJS
3D graphics in the browser
Free Code Camp Tribute Page
Chuck Hull, the father of 3D printing
Give me a shout and I'll get back to you ASAP.
Portland Oregon, US
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Or connect with me on social media:


The Senate Social Network
Connect senators who voted together at least 75% of the time
SESSION
LAWMAKER
SOURCE: GovTrack.us.
NOTE: Missed votes count as not voting with any other senator.
NOTE: Missed votes count as not voting with any other senator.
EMBED


Welcome to my new webpage! This is one of many webpages I've designed. For fun, I kept track of the last four webpages. I think it's pretty neat since you can see the progression I've had in learning HTML.


--- title: "Write Query Parameter Demo" ---
location.search: ""
Param "library" (initialised from "lib" URL query param): ""


Ronnie Fieg Teases Forthcoming Rainbow-Tinged adidas TERREX
Continuing their long-standing relationship.
by Mallory ChinFrequent collaborators Ronnie Fieg and adidas are once again teaming up on a collaborative silhouette, this time using the latter’s TERREX model.
Teased via Fieg’s social media accounts, the forthcoming KITH x adidas TERREX is dressed almost entirely in a fan favorite all-black colorway from its GORE-TEX-infused upper to its BOOST-assisted midsole. Embellishing the heel is a reflective rainbow-tinged heel counter, which helps to elevate this technical silhouette. Coloful KITH branding can also be spotted on the sides, along with matching lace loops.
According to the caption, the sneaker will release soon. Keep it locked here for official photos and a release date when they surface.
Recently KITH debuted its Winter 2019 menswear range which serves up bold patterns and extreme comfort. Additionally Ronnie Fieg teased an upcoming KITH x Nike Air Force 1 collaboration.


Meet our engineering faculty advisor Thad Druffel
Meet our business faculty advisor Robert Garrett
Workshops that give students hands on experience with creative thinking.
Allows students to make their own ideas come to life.
Having fun by growing the innovation community around the university.
Four students from the University of Louisville were inducted as fellows last spring and have already begun to impact the entrepreneurial mindset at the university. So far they have already started an Entrepreneurship and Innovation Club, held design thinking workshops aimed at product innovation, and auditioned for America’s Greatest Makers, a TV show by Intel focusing on building innovative solution to everyday problems.
These four students from the University of Louisville were inducted as University Innovation Fellow. With the help of the past fellows, they have been able to become change makers on campus. They have been involved with the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Club. They plan on increasing awareness of opportunities on campus for aspiring entrepreneurs and innovators by showing students resources during orientation. Their hope is to encourage innovation on campus.


{{template "header.tmpl.html"}}
{{template "nav.tmpl.html"}}This practices are prepared to attack with this page as a server. This page will only show what your form is sending as a request no matter if data is in URL (query) or as payload within body.
Try to code form in picture without paying attention to styling
Try to code form in picture without paying attention to styling
Try to code form in picture without paying attention to styling


IMPACT Z
src
Contrl
Functions/Subroutines
main.f90 File Reference
Functions/Subroutines
program
main
v.1.0
More...
Function/Subroutine Documentation
◆
main()
program main
(
)
v.1.0
Here is the call graph for this function:
Generated by
1.8.15


Asaduddin Owaisi alleges citizenship bill seeks to make Muslims stateless, rips copy of proposed law in Lok Sabha
The is an insult to India's freedom fighters, Owaisi retorted, accusing the BJP-led government of working to marginalise Muslims in the country.
by PTINEW DELHI: AIMIM MP Asaduddin Owaisi on Monday launched a blistering attack on the Union government in Lok Sabha over the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, saying it was aimed at making Muslims "stateless" and would lead to another partition.
Invoking Mahatma Gandhi, Owaisi said he was called Mahatma after he tore the discriminatory citizenship card in South Africa, and the Hyderabad MP then ripped the copy of the bill to highlight his protest, inviting sharp reactions from the treasury benches which described his act an "insult" to Parliament.
The is an insult to India's freedom fighters, Owaisi retorted, accusing the BJP-led government of working to marginalise Muslims in the country.
Owaisi alleged the bill was worse than the discriminatory laws brought by Hitler in Germany.
"The bill is against the Constitution.... It is a conspiracy to make Muslims stateless," Owaisi said during the debate in the Lower House, questioning the government as to why it had not included countries like China, which occupies parts of India and other countries.
"Are you afraid of China?" he asked.
In Video: Asaduddin Owaisi on CAB: Tears Bill, calls it anti national


Torque 2D - Fish Game Tutorial - Part 5
5. Adding Game Play
We are at a good stage to implement some basic game play aspects. First, we will add falling food to the level, so we can move our fish to gather the food. Later we can add obstacles, but first we need to get the food spawning and gathering working.
Browse out to your MyFishGame/gameScripts folder. This time we aren't going to open player.cs yet; we are going to create a new script file. Create a new text file and name it "fishfood.cs." Now that we have created the script file, we need to make sure it gets included when we run T2D. We did this with player.cs. It works the same here. Open up game.cs in the same gameScripts folder. You should see a function called startGame(). If you remember, we added the "exec("./player.cs");" script line. We now need to add another one for our fishfood.cs. So make the function look like this.
function startGame(%level) { exec("./player.cs"); exec("./fishfood.cs"); Canvas.setContent(mainScreenGui); Canvas.setCursor(DefaultCursor); new ActionMap(moveMap); moveMap.push(); $enableDirectInput = true; activateDirectInput(); enableJoystick(); sceneWindow2D.loadLevel(%level); }
Code Sample 5.1.1
Be sure to save the game.cs script file, and then you can close it. Now that the "fishfood.cs" script will be executed, let's flesh it out. Let's script a new class to handle our fish food. Start by adding this onLevelLoaded function.
function FishFood::onLevelLoaded(%this, %scenegraph) { %this.startPosition = %this.getPosition(); %this.setLinearVelocityY(getRandom(%this.minSpeed, %this.maxSpeed)); }
Code Sample 5.1.2
This onLevelLoaded function is actually pretty simple. We just store the start position on the object and then set its linear velocity in the Y direction. We get a random number between its minSpeed and maxSpeed. We will need to specify those as Dynamic Fields in the Level Builder.
Add this next function to your fishfood.cs.
function FishFood::onWorldLimit(%this, %mode, %limit) { if(%limit $= "bottom") { %this.spawn(); } }
Code Sample 5.1.3
This function is optionally called when the object has reached its world limit. In the case of our food, we want to set the response to "NULL" and then set this callback to be called when the world limit has been reached. It passes three values back. First, it passes %this, which is the instance of the class. It then passes %mode, which is the mode of the world limit. Finally, it passes %limit, which designates the side of the world limit that has been hit (top, bottom, left, or right).
So we simply compare %limit to "bottom" (note we use "$=" instead of "==" because this is a string compare operation). If it is indeed the bottom we're hitting, then we call a spawn function.
So now lets add the spawn function.
function FishFood::spawn(%this) { %this.setPosition(%this.startPosition); %this.setLinearVelocityY(getRandom(%this.minSpeed, %this.maxSpeed)); }
Code Sample 5.1.4
|
|
|
|
We're not quite finished with the
bubble. Let's do a couple of more things. The next thing, is to set the world
limit. Hover over the bubble and select the World Limit option from the
quick menu (as shown in Figure 5.1.4). When you click the World Limit
tool it should zoom out in an area around the bubble (as shown in Figure 5.1.5).
Drag it and resize it around the level (as shown in Figure 5.1.6).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Now that the world limit is encompassing just beyond the level, click the Selection Tool to apply the world limit (as shown Figure 5.1.8).
With the world limit applied, we now need to set the world limit settings. Ensure that the bubble is selected and click the Edit tab. From here, you should be able to find the World Limits area. If you click it, the World Limit options should open up. Click the dropdown and change the world limit mode to "NULL". Also be sure to check the Callback checkbox (as shown in Figure 5.1.9).
Figure 5.1.8
Figure 5.1.9
Figure 5.1.10
Our final step is to link in the class. Do this the same way we originally did the fish. Change the class of the bubble to "FishFood" (as shown in Figure 5.1.11).
Figure 5.1.11
Now that we have implemented our
falling fish food, we can add game play utilizing it. We will have our fish
collect the food, and then have the food respawn. To do this, we have to
utilize some collision aspects of T2D - including setting it up
properly in the Level Builder. Our first step, is to enable collision on
both our food and our fish, as well as setting up a proper collision polygon.
A collision poly is the outline on an object that T2D registers as the
boundary for a collision. Once this boundary touches the boundary of another
object, it will have had a "collision".
We will start with our bubble, so left
click to select it. Now go to the Collision properties panel. Click Edit
on the right panel. Then click on the Collision label to expand your
collision options (as shown in Figure 5.2.1). Right now we aren't
currently sending or receiving any collisions. For the moment, we will only
need our bubble to collide with our fish; though we may want to add different
responses to different objects later. Therefore, it is best to handle the
collision response on our bubble, and then filter it depending on what it
collides with, since it's possible that it can collide with many things. In
this case, we just need to check Send Collision, since we will be
sending collision requests.
We don't want our bubble to respond with any
physics, though. We want to handle the entire response in script, so uncheck
both the Send Physics and the Receive Physics options. We are
almost done; the next option is Callback. This decides whether or not we
get a script callback when our objects collide. We definitely want this, so
check Callback to enable it. Finally, our last configuration is the Detection
Mode dropdown. Click the drop down and change it to "CIRCLE." This mode
provides a default circle collision detection mode, that will work perfectly
for our round bubble. You should see two more options below "Detection Mode".
One is a Circle Scale value, the other is a Superscribe Ellipse
checkbox. We want to uncheck Superscribe Ellipse, since this will create
our circle collision around our object, rather than within the object. Now we
are done with our bubble's collision settings (as shown in Figure 5.2.2).
Figure 5.2.1
Figure 5.2.2
Next we need to set our fish's collision settings. Our fish will be nearly the same, though a few things will need to be configured a bit differently - mainly the collision detection mode. Since our fish isn't round, CIRCLE won't work as a collision detection mode. We will need to create a custom poly, which is a very easy step in the Level Builder.
Figure 5.2.3
Figure 5.2.4
Now that we have the collision polygon defined, we can set the rest of the collision settings. To accept the collision poly click the Selection Tool in the top toolbar (as shown in Figure 5.2.5).
Figure 5.2.5
Your view should zoom back out to the normal Level Builder view, with your fish selected. Click the Edit tab and expand the Collision label (if it isn't already). We need to set our fish's collision properties a bit differently than our bubble's collision. We want to check both Send Collision and Receive Collision, but we need to uncheck the physics checkboxes, since we don't need any physics response. Right now we don't need a collision callback, so we can leave that alone as well. We can also leave the Detection Mode as "POLYGON", since we specified a custom poly already. We're finished with the Level Builder, and can handle the rest of our fish-eating-food implementation in script.
Browse to your MyFishGame/gameScripts folder and open up your fishfood.cs script file. We have set up all the collision settings properly, including a callback to be processed. We now need to create the function that will receive that callback when collision occurs. Add this function to the end of your fishfood.cs file.
function FishFood::onCollision(%srcObj, %dstObj, %srcRef, %dstRef, %time, %normal, %contactCount, %contacts) { }
Code Sample 5.2.1
When our fish food collides with an object it will call this function, passing back all sorts of useful information. The only information we care about right now is the %dstObj. This is what the food is colliding with. So we will put in a check to make sure that this object is indeed our player fish, and then make the food spawn again so it looks like the fish is eating the food. To do this, make your onCollision function look like this.
function FishFood::onCollision(%srcObj, %dstObj, %srcRef, %dstRef, %time, %normal, %contactCount, %contacts) { if(%dstObj.class $= "PlayerFish") { %srcObj.spawn(); } }
Code Sample 5.2.2
Now when our fish food collides with
our fish, it should respawn the food so we can gather it again. Lets try it
out. Open up T2D and hit the play button in the Level Builder.
You should be able to move your fish into the food, and it should respawn up at
the top! If you're bubble isn't respawning, be sure to double check that
you have set both the bubble and the fish collision settings
properly.
Now that we have our food falling and our fish can collect it, let's add a bit more game play. Let's make our food spawn at a random X position above the level, and let's increase the max random speed to give us a bit more of a challenge.
To do this we need to dig into our fishfood.cs file again. Switch out your onLevelLoaded function with this function.
function FishFood::onLevelLoaded(%this, %scenegraph) { %this.startPositionY = %this.getPositionY(); %this.setLinearVelocityY(getRandom(%this.minSpeed, %this.maxSpeed)); }
Code Sample 5.3.1
The only change we made was to swap out "%this.startPosition = %this.getPosition();". We changed it to store just the Y position, since we will randomly generate the X position. Now lets change the spawn function a bit.
function FishFood::spawn(%this) { %this.setPosition(getRandom(-50, 50), %this.startPositionY); %this.setLinearVelocityY(getRandom(%this.minSpeed, %this.maxSpeed)); }
Code Sample 5.3.2
We simply changed the setPosition call a bit. We set the X position based on a random number between -50 and 50 (you can double check in your Level Builder to make sure those extents are right) and then set its Y position based on the one stored when we load.
To increase the falling speed, we can just modify the Dynamic Field in the Level Builder. So be sure to save this script file and load up T2D. Select your food bubble and then click the Edit tab in the right panel. Scroll down and expand Dynamic Fields (as shown in Figure 5.3.1). Change the maxSpeed value to "35" and the minSpeed value to "5", then hit enter (as shown in Figure 5.3.2). Be sure to save off your level; and let's test it! (Press the play button to test.) The food should fall a bit faster (with the possibility of being a lot faster) and it should drop in random areas in your level!|
|
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Older releases are available and the Git source repository is on GitHub.
Git for Windows Setup
32-bit Git for Windows Setup
64-bit Git for Windows Setup
Git for Windows Portable ("Thumbdrive edition")
32-bit Git for Windows Portable
64-bit Git for Windows Portable
There are several options for installing Git on macOS. Note that any
non-source distributions are provided by third parties, and may not be
up to date with the latest source release.
Homebrew
Install
homebrew if you
don't already have it, then:
$ brew install git
Xcode
Apple ships a binary package of Git with
Xcode.
Binary installer
Tim Harper provides an
installer for Git. The latest version is
2.27.0, which was released 6 months ago, on 2020-07-22.
Building from Source
If you prefer to build from source, you can find tarballs on
kernel.org.
> The latest version is
2.30.0.
Installing git-gui
If you would like to install git-gui and gitk, git's commit GUI and
interactive history browser, you can do so using
homebrew:
$ brew install git-gui
It is easiest to install Git on Linux using the preferred package
manager of your Linux distribution. If you prefer to build from
source, you can find tarballs on
kernel.org. The latest version is
2.30.0.
Debian/Ubuntu
For the latest
stable version for your release of Debian/Ubuntu
# apt-get install git
For Ubuntu, this PPA provides the latest stable upstream Git
version
Fedora
# yum install git (up to Fedora 21)
# dnf install git (Fedora 22 and later)
Gentoo
# emerge --ask --verbose dev-vcs/git
Arch Linux
# pacman -S git
openSUSE
# zypper install git
Mageia
# urpmi git
Nix/NixOS
# nix-env -i git
FreeBSD
# pkg install git
Solaris 9/10/11 (OpenCSW)
# pkgutil -i git
Solaris 11 Express
# pkg install developer/versioning/git
OpenBSD
# pkg_add git
Alpine
$ apk add git
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Oracle Linux, CentOS, Scientific Linux,
et al.
RHEL and derivatives typically ship older versions of git. You can
download a tarball
and build from source, or use a 3rd-party repository such as the
IUS Community Project
to obtain a more recent version of git.
Slitaz
$ tazpkg get-install git
If you already have Git installed, you can get the latest development
version via Git itself:
git clone https://github.com/git/git
You can also always browse the current contents of the git repository
using the
web interface.


Govern Your APIs
Flexible, policy-based runtime governance for your APIs. Offer the same API through multiple plans, allowing different levels of service to different API consumers.
Rich Management Layer
Use the rich management layer (REST API and separate UI) to manage/configure not only APIs but also the client applications that consume them.
Easily Embeddable
Embed the API Management Policy Engine in any application - it has a small footprint and can be completely independent from the management layer.
Fully Asynchronous
The runtime engine's API is fully asynchronous and is designed to run equally well in both a standard Java EE environment and newer async runtimes like Vert.x.


My Team!
Keith
Manager
3285
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>001
,
Bob
Engineer
432
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>https://github.com/evmad/
,
Martha
Intern
432
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>University of New York
,
Bobbie
Engineer
756
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>https://github.com/Keith-L-Watford/


Well done! You now have a sense of scale for the amount of water embedded in everyday food. Did you know that the average quantity of embedded water per person per day is 3200 litres?
Find how much embedded water is in your shopping list...
Your tasked this morning to do the shopping of the week in the nearest supermarket.
The list of groceries is as follows:
chocolate (250 g)
beef meat (500 g)
chicken meat (1 kg)
cheese (500 g)
rice (1 kg)
pasta (500g)
fresh bread (500g )
Apples (1 kg)
Milk (2 litres)
Tomatoes (500 g)
Banana (1 kg)
Potatoes (2 kg)
Eggs (12)
Wine (1 liter)
Tea bags (12)
Please tweak the sliders on the blue links until you match the list of groceries and see the resulting total embedded water.
In order to produce of chocolate, you need of water.
In order to produce of beef, you need of water.
In order to produce of chicken, you need of water.
In order to produce of cheese, you need of water.
In order to produce of rice, you need of water.
In order to produce of pasta, you need of water.
In order to produce of bread, you need of water.
In order to produce of apples, you need of water.
In order to produce of milk, you need of water.
In order to produce of tomatoes, you need of water.
In order to produce of bananas, you need of water.
In order to produce of potatoes, you need of water.
In order to produce eggs, you need of water.
In order to produce of wine, you need of water.
In order to produce tea bags, you need of water.
The total amount of embedded water used to produce all the items in your shopping list is of water.


▼ Best viewed with your console open.
To open the console, try either ⌘ ⎇ I, ⌘ ⎇ K, Ctrl ⎇ K or F12 depending on your OS / browser.
⌘ ⎇ I
⌘ ⎇ K
Ctrl ⎇ K
F12


dials.estimate_resolution¶
Introduction¶
Estimate a resolution limit based on merging statistics calculated in resolution bins.
A number of metrics are supported for estimating a resolution limit, including:
cc_half (this is the default)
isigma (unmerged <I/sigI>)
misigma (merged <I/sigI>)
i_mean_over_sigma_mean (unmerged <I>/<sigI>)
cc_ref (CC vs provided reference data set)
completeness
rmerge
Resolution estimation is performed by fitting an appropriate curve to the relevant merging statistics calculated in resolution bins (with a roughly equal number of reflections per bin). The estimated resolution limit is chosen as the resolution at which the fitted function equals the specified criteria.
If multiple metrics are requested, the chosen resolution limit will be the lowest resolution value estimated across the selected metrics.
The fitting functions for the various metrics are defined as follows:
cc_half: fit a tanh function the form (1/2)(1 - tanh(z)) where z = (s - s0)/r, s0 is the value of s at the half-falloff value, and r controls the steepness of falloff
isigma, misigma, i_mean_over_sigma_mean: fit a polynomial to the values log(y(x))
rmerge: fit a polynomial to the values log(1/y(x))
completeness: fit a polynomial to the values y(x)
Example use cases¶
Run with defaults on scaled data:
dials.estimate_resolution scaled.expt scaled.refl
Run with default on scaled unmerged mtz file:
dials.estimate_resolution scaled_unmerged.mtz
Override the default cc_half cutoff:
dials.estimate_resolution scaled.expt scaled.refl cc_half=0.1
Use merged <I/sigI> resolution cutoff instead of cc_half:
dials.estimate_resolution scaled.expt scaled.refl misigma=1.0 cc_half=None
Use unmerged <I/sigI> resolution cutoff in addition to default cc_half:
dials.estimate_resolution scaled.expt scaled.refl isigma=0.25
Use cc_ref resolution cutoff:
dials.estimate_resolution cc_ref=0.3 cc_half=None reference=reference.mtz
Example curve fits and resulting resolution estimates using various metrics:
Basic parameters¶
resolution {
cc_half_method = *half_dataset sigma_tau
reflections_per_bin = 10
labels = None
reference = None
emax = 4
batch_range = None
}
output {
log = dials.estimate_resolution.log
html = dials.estimate_resolution.html
json = None
}
Full parameter definitions¶
resolution {
rmerge = None
.help = "Maximum value of Rmerge in the outer resolution shell"
.short_caption = "Outer shell Rmerge"
.type = float(value_min=0, allow_none=True)
.expert_level = 1
completeness = None
.help = "Minimum completeness in the outer resolution shell"
.short_caption = "Outer shell completeness"
.type = float(value_min=0, allow_none=True)
.expert_level = 1
cc_ref = 0.1
.help = "Minimum value of CC vs reference data set in the outer resolution"
"shell"
.short_caption = "Outer shell CCref"
.type = float(value_min=0, allow_none=True)
.expert_level = 1
cc_half = 0.3
.help = "Minimum value of CC½ in the outer resolution shell"
.short_caption = "Outer shell CC½"
.type = float(value_min=0, allow_none=True)
.expert_level = 1
cc_half_method = *half_dataset sigma_tau
.short_caption = "CC½ method"
.type = choice
cc_half_significance_level = 0.1
.short_caption = "CC½ significance level"
.type = float(value_min=0, value_max=1, allow_none=True)
.expert_level = 1
cc_half_fit = polynomial *tanh
.short_caption = "CC½ fit"
.type = choice
.expert_level = 1
isigma = None
.help = "Minimum value of the unmerged <I/sigI> in the outer resolution"
"shell"
.short_caption = "Outer shell unmerged <I/sigI>"
.type = float(value_min=0, allow_none=True)
.expert_level = 1
misigma = None
.help = "Minimum value of the merged <I/sigI> in the outer resolution"
"shell"
.short_caption = "Outer shell merged <I/sigI>"
.type = float(value_min=0, allow_none=True)
.expert_level = 1
i_mean_over_sigma_mean = None
.help = "Minimum value of the unmerged <I>/<sigI> in the outer resolution"
"shell"
.short_caption = "Outer shell unmerged <I>/<sigI>"
.type = float(value_min=0, allow_none=True)
.expert_level = 2
nbins = 100
.help = "Maximum number of resolution bins to use for estimation of"
"resolution limit."
.short_caption = "Number of resolution bins."
.type = int(allow_none=True)
.expert_level = 1
reflections_per_bin = 10
.help = "Minimum number of reflections per bin."
.short_caption = "Minimum number of reflections per bin"
.type = int(allow_none=True)
binning_method = *counting_sorted volume
.help = "Use equal-volume bins or bins with approximately equal numbers of"
"reflections per bin."
.short_caption = "Equal-volume or equal #ref binning."
.type = choice
.expert_level = 1
anomalous = False
.help = "Keep anomalous pairs separate in merging statistics"
.short_caption = Anomalous
.type = bool
.expert_level = 1
labels = None
.short_caption = Labels
.type = strings
space_group = None
.short_caption = "Space group"
.type = space_group
.expert_level = 1
reference = None
.short_caption = Reference
.type = path
emax = 4
.help = "Reject reflections with normalised intensities E^2 > emax^2"
.short_caption = "Maximum normalised intensity"
.type = float(value_min=0, allow_none=True)
batch_range = None
.type = ints(size=2, value_min=0)
}
output {
log = dials.estimate_resolution.log
.type = path
html = dials.estimate_resolution.html
.type = path
json = None
.type = path
}


addr-spec = local-part "@" domain local-part = dot-atom / quoted-string / obs-local-part dot-atom = [CFWS] dot-atom-text [CFWS] CFWS = (1*([FWS] comment) [FWS]) / FWS FWS = ([*WSP CRLF] 1*WSP) / obs-FWS ; Folding white space WSP = SP / HTAB ; white space obs-FWS = 1*([CRLF] WSP) ; As amended in erratum #1908 ctext = %d33-39 / ; Printable US-ASCII %d42-91 / ; characters not including %d93-126 / ; "(", ")", or "\" obs-ctext obs-ctext = obs-NO-WS-CTL ccontent = ctext / quoted-pair / comment comment = "(" *([FWS] ccontent) [FWS] ")" dot-atom-text = 1*atext *("." 1*atext) atext = ALPHA / DIGIT / ; Printable US-ASCII "!" / "#" / ; characters not including "$" / "%" / ; specials. Used for atoms. "&" / "'" / "*" / "+" / "-" / "/" / "=" / "?" / "^" / "_" / "`" / "{" / "|" / "}" / "~" specials = "(" / ")" / ; Special characters that do "<" / ">" / ; not appear in atext "[" / "]" / ":" / ";" / "@" / "\" / "," / "." / DQUOTE quoted-string = [CFWS] DQUOTE *([FWS] qcontent) [FWS] DQUOTE [CFWS] qcontent = qtext / quoted-pair qtext = %d33 / ; Printable US-ASCII %d35-91 / ; characters not including %d93-126 / ; "\" or the quote character obs-qtext obs-qtext = obs-NO-WS-CTL obs-NO-WS-CTL = %d1-8 / ; US-ASCII control %d11 / ; characters that do not %d12 / ; include the carriage %d14-31 / ; return, line feed, and %d127 ; white space characters quoted-pair = ("\" (VCHAR / WSP)) / obs-qp VCHAR = %x21-7E ; visible (printing) characters obs-qp = "\" (%d0 / obs-NO-WS-CTL / LF / CR) obs-local-part = word *("." word) word = atom / quoted-string atom = [CFWS] 1*atext [CFWS] domain = dot-atom / domain-literal / obs-domain domain-literal = [CFWS] "[" *([FWS] dtext) [FWS] "]" [CFWS] dtext = %d33-90 / ; Printable US-ASCII %d94-126 / ; characters not including obs-dtext ; "[", "]", or "\" obs-dtext = obs-NO-WS-CTL / quoted-pair obs-domain = atom *("." atom) NB For SMTP mail, the domain-literal is restricted by RFC5321 as follows: Mailbox = Local-part "@" ( Domain / address-literal ) address-literal = "[" ( IPv4-address-literal / IPv6-address-literal / General-address-literal ) "]" IPv4-address-literal = Snum 3("." Snum) IPv6-address-literal = "IPv6:" IPv6-addr Snum = 1*3DIGIT ; representing a decimal integer ; value in the range 0 through 255 IPv6-addr = IPv6-full / IPv6-comp / IPv6v4-full / IPv6v4-comp IPv6-hex = 1*4HEXDIG IPv6-full = IPv6-hex 7(":" IPv6-hex) IPv6-comp = [IPv6-hex *5(":" IPv6-hex)] "::" [IPv6-hex *5(":" IPv6-hex)] ; The "::" represents at least 2 16-bit groups of ; zeros. No more than 6 groups in addition to the ; "::" may be present. IPv6v4-full = IPv6-hex 5(":" IPv6-hex) ":" IPv4-address-literal IPv6v4-comp = [IPv6-hex *3(":" IPv6-hex)] "::" [IPv6-hex *3(":" IPv6-hex) ":"] IPv4-address-literal ; The "::" represents at least 2 16-bit groups of ; zeros. No more than 4 groups in addition to the ; "::" and IPv4-address-literal may be present.


Locale¶
The LocaleServiceProvider manages the locale of an application.
Parameters¶
locale: The locale of the user. When set before any request handling, it defines the default locale (
en
by default). When a request is being handled, it is automatically set according to the_locale
request attribute of the current route.
Services¶
n/a
Registering¶
$app->register(new PrestoPHP\Provider\LocaleServiceProvider());


Meet Orba, a $99 synthesizer, looper and MIDI controller that fits in the palm of your hand
by Simon ArblasterMeet Orba, a $99 synthesizer, looper and MIDI controller that fits in the palm of your hand
Asheville-based Artiphon has just launched a portable all-in-one synth , MIDI controller and looper on Kickstarter , and it will set you back just $99. Not only that, but Orba should also fit into the palm of your hand for some serious on-the-go music production.
The company, which is known for creating the Instrument 1, says that the design of Orba will translate gestures from your fingers and hands directly into music with the aid of “feather-touch sensitivity”.
Orba features eight touch-sensitive, LED-lit pads that will respond to a variety of gestures, including tapping, sliding, vibrato, shaking, tilting and waving. You can utilise these gestures in the Drum, Bass, Chord, and Lead modes. With the onboard looper, you should be able to create songs and musical ideas in seconds, according to Artiphon.
- The best MIDI pad controllers 2019
- The best DAWs: the best music production software for PC and Mac
- The best hardware synthesizers on sale today
Orba can be used as a fully standalone synth with the built-in speaker, or you can connect the unit wirelessly to iOS and Android devices, or Mac/Windows desktops and laptops, via Bluetooth.
You can share your musical creations directly to social media or with a host of DAWs including GarageBand, Ableton Live, Logic Pro X, Pro Tools, and FL Studio.
The crowdfunding campaign for Orba is available on Kickstarter now.


You may want to go to
comments (showing db storage facilities)
mail (showing sending of mails (mocked in dev)


{% extends "exotic_bay/base.html" %} {% block title_block %} Account Inactive {% endblock %} {% block body_block %}
This account has been deleted.


Deferred Loading means we only load and render a subset of nodes. Your data loader is recalled when the user scrolls to or clicks on a "Load More" link.


Module Error
$injector
Failed to instantiate module {0} due to: {1}
This error occurs when a module fails to load due to some exception. The error message above should provide additional context.
In AngularJS 1.2.0
and later, ngRoute
has been moved to its own module.
If you are getting this error after upgrading to 1.2.x
, be sure that you've
installed ngRoute
.


PLEASE DO join Tom the Dancing Bug's INNER HIVE! Be the first kid on your block to see each week's comic, get extra comics, sneak peeks, insider scoops, and lots of other stuff! JOIN TODAY!
FOLLOW @RubenBolling on the Twitters and a Face Book and perhaps some Insta-grams


Sedans
Choose a sedan for its affordability and excellent fuel economy. Ideal for cruising in the city or on your next road trip.
SUVS
Take an SUV for its spacious interior, power, and versatility. Perfect for your next family vacation and off-road adventures.
Luxury
Cruise in the best car brands without the bloated prices. Enjoy the enhanced comfort of a luxury rental and arrive in style.


An occupational change means someone with certain abilities and experience gets promoted to a higher-level occupation. If you are an Palus Knight, you can change occupations to a Shillien Knight or a Bladedancer. Which occupation do you wish to learn about?
Shillien Knight
Bladedancer


Through a bit of curiosity, I decided to OD on Diphenhydramine. I was expecting a nice trip with lots of vivid visuals.
T: 0:00 - I started off the evening by taking 10 caps of Benadryl (250 mg) on a full stomach while driving to a friend's Christmas party.
T: 0:30 - I arrive at the party with a vague 'amped' kind of feeling. I don't know if it's the actual drug working, or the anticipation making me excited. I start having this weird pain in my upper left chest area, but it quickly dissipates.
T: 1:00 - I'm very excited at this time, and convinced that I will not let the Benadryl put me to sleep. A head fog starts settling in with a mild, euphoric feeling sweeping across my body. I'm perfectly content to be on my own for this trip, and I begin to watch with fascination at other people and their social interaction.
T: 1:30 - I begin to realize that my ability to socially interact is quite impaired. I attempt to talk to a few people, but I trail off, forget what I was going to say, or speak nonsense and gibberish. I begin to feel quite euphoric, and I start laughing sporadically. I begin to see tracers, and the lights are leaving imprints in my vision. I have trouble standing and walking straight.
T: 2:00 - My entire body begins to feel really heavy, and I sit down for a while. Someone offers me a few hits of Mary Jane, but I decline, thinking it will ruin the 'purity' of my 'trip.' My social skills are still quite impaired at this time.
T: 2:30 - My friends enter the garage and I decide to dance for them. Every else looks like they're having a shitty time, so I might as well be the entertainment! Being that my body feels like lead, I just slug about the floor clumsily, while they laugh at what a jackass I'm making of myself. My vision seems to slow down to about 5 frames per second and I can't keep up with what's going on around me.
T: 3:30 - I hit my plateau, with a very heavy 'stoned,' sleepy feeling. I don't care too much for social interaction at this point - I'm content to be in my own little world.  I decide I want to get higher, and take 100 mg more of Benadryl.
T: 4:00 - Still tracers and flashing lights. Sometimes, the color of the room distorts but no major visuals or aurals. The 'stoned' feeling intensifies. I begin to get annoyed at the fact we haven't left the party yet (it sucked).
[Erowid Note: Driving while intoxicated or tripping is dangerous and irresponsible because it endangers other people. Don't do it!]
T: 5:00 - I still feel sleeply at this time. The stoned feeling is mostly gone.  The ride home is where this trip becomes somewhat interesting. The music coming from my car stereo doesn't seem enhanced in any way at all, but I start getting severe visual distortions.  Distant shadows turn into people moving in the street. I start having to fight the urge to sleep.
T: 6:00 - I'm finally laying in bed after the difficult drive home. I stare at the ceiling and watch the colors change on my walls. I promptly fall into a coma-like sleep for 13 hours.
T: next day - I feel kinda groggy, but not too bad. There's a little bit of a hangover feeling.
All in all, this trip wasn't really worth it, I probably would've had a better time if I drank. The visuals were nothing special, just the same sort of thing you'd get if you were really, really tired or in a hypnagogic (half-awake) state. No little green men or butterflies appearing in front of me. I have tripped off of DXM several times, and Benadryl is very boring compared to that.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Remove all existing todos from this application ? Undo this action is not possible. All the data will be lost.


Server-side scripting is not available on the Free-Hosted Edition of the DreamFactory Services Platform™. Please install the platform on your cloud or server for this capability.
Click here to download your own copy of the DreamFactory Services Platform™.


{# {% extends "base/upload.html" %} #} {% extends "base_empty_cards.html" %} {% import 'macros/form.html' as f with context %} {% macro usedalot(form) %} {# re-use same block mulitple times as seperate blocks #}


{% extends "giv/templates/main" %}
{% block morejavascript %}
function form_getval(id){
return document.getElementById(id).value;
}
function form_setval(id, val){
return document.getElementById(id).value = val;
}
function set_innards(node, text){
while(node.childNodes.length > 0){
node.removeChild(node.childNodes[0]);
}
node.appendChild(document.createTextNode(text));
}
function set_innards_id(nodeid, text){
set_innards(document.getElementById(nodeid), text);
}
function update_giftcert(){
for(i=0;i
Have you ever struggled to find a meaningful gift? A Givology Gift Certificate is a great present for any occasion. Your friends and family will be delighted to receive a gift that changes the lives of children throughout the world. 100% tax-deductible and customizable, a Givology Gift Certificate is the best way to show that you care.
Fill in the information below to customize a Givology gift certificate. Your recipient will receive an e-mail with your message, along with a code to redeem the value of the gift certificate once he or she is logged in or registered. Once redeemed, the recipient's wallet will be credited, allowing him or her to allocate funds to education projects and student scholarships. A Givology gift certificate is a gift of choice and opportunity.


grilled
Order one and get one free
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>extra sugar
free delivery
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>small cookies
new
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>our logo
free with family order
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>cookies cutter
free with frosted-cookie
salmonCookies@example.com


{% extends "site_base.html" %} {% block messages %}{% endblock %} {% block body %} Pinax Theme Bootstrap Fragments With Closed Signup _account_bar.html {% include "_account_bar.html" %} With Open Signup _account_bar.html {% include "_account_bar.html" with ACCOUNT_OPEN_SIGNUP=True %} With Dropdown _nav.html Your Site Name {# copied in instead of including becuase this demo site is also using _nav.html #} One Two Dropdown Menu Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 {% include "_account_bar.html" with ACCOUNT_OPEN_SIGNUP=True %} pagination/_pagination.html {% include "pagination/_pagination.html" %} _messages.html {% include "_messages.html" %} {% endblock %}
_account_bar.html
_nav.html
pagination/_pagination.html
_messages.html


You run into the kitchen to find the victim just standing there. There is a knife and a rolling pin sitting on the counter, which do you grab?The KNIFE or the ROLLING PIN?


Legal Resource Registry
— Courts, Tribunals, and their Publishing Channels —
Home
Jurisdictions
Updating a Jurisdiction
Developers
Canada
Competition Tribunal
Court Martial Appeal Court
Supreme Court
Federal Court
Federal Court of Appeal
Human Rights Tribunal
Tax Court
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland and Labrador
Nova Scotia
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Yukon


E3 2019 Anticipated Games Survey
Tell us your expectations for E3 2019!
Name:
Email:
Age:
Which best describes you?
Please select one
Consumer
Industry Member
Journalist
Perfer Not to Say
Other
Is this your first time attending E3?
Yes
No
What is(are) your most anticipated game(s) of E3 2019? (Check all that aplly):
Cyberpunk 2077
Pokemon Sword and Shield
Doom Eternal
The Outer Worlds
Starfield
Borderlands 2
Halo Infinite
Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order
Dragon Age 4
Fable IV
Mario Maker 2
Gears 5
Fire Emblem: Three Houses
Rage 2
Wolfenstein: Young Blood
Any Comments or Suggestions?
Submit


| pgpool-II 4.0.3 Documentation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prev | Up | Appendix A. Release Notes | Next |
Release Date: 2018-10-31
Allow PCP[attach/detach/promote] commands during failover. (Muhammad Usama)
Change pgpool.spec file to install extension to DB server which supports LLVM JIT. (Bo Peng)
Doc: Add note to online recovery doc. (Tatsuo Ishii)
This warns that client_idle_limit_in_recovery must be smaller than recovery_timeout.
Test: Add regression test for SSL connection. (Tatsuo Ishii)
Doc: Add notes regarding failover script. (Tatsuo Ishii)
It's not recommended to access against Pgpool-II itself from failover/failback scripts.
Doc: Improve pg_md5 docs and error message. (Bo Peng)
Patch provided by Jesper Pedersen and modified by me.
Test: Add definition of PGLIB in regress.sh. (Bo Peng)
Patch provided by Jesper Pedersen.
Fix typo in child_max_connections description of SHOW POOL_STATUS output. (Tatsuo Ishii)
Patch provided by Phil Ramirez.
Fix segmentation fault when error query and Sync message are sent in native replication mode. (bug 434) (Takuma Hoshiai)
In native replication mode, segmentation fault occurs when Sync messages is sent just after a query error.
Fix syntax error when queries including time functions and IN (SELECT ...) in WHERE clause in native replication mode. (bug 433) (Bo Peng)
In native replication mode, queries including time functions (e.g. now()
, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
etc.) are rewritten to a timestamp constant value.
However, Pgpool-II doesn't support queries including time functions and IN (SELECT ...) in WHERE clause.
Fix occasional less data returned to frontend with extended protocol. (bug432) (Tatsuo Ishii)
The idea for fix is, use pending message data list. It records messages from frontend, and it is expected that we will receive same number of messages.
Initial patch is created by Yugo Nagata and fixed by Tatsuo Ishii.
Fix memory leak when query cache enabled in streaming replication mode + extended query case. (Tatsuo Ishii)
Fix memory leak in trigger_failover_command()
. (Tatsuo Ishii)
Fix memory leak when memory_cache_enabled = on and write SQLs are sent. (Bo Peng)
In a explicit transaction, the SELECT results are cached in temporary buffer. If a write SQL is sent which modifies the table, the temporary buffe should be reset.
Fix occasional failure in regression 065.bug152. (Tatsuo Ishii)
Test: Add EXECUTE/DEALLOCATE regression test. (Takuma Hoshiai)
Add missing pgpool_recovery--1.0--1.1.sql file to update
pgpool_recovery()
function version to 1.1. (Bo Peng)
Fix kind mismatch error when DEALLOCATE statement is issued. (Bo Peng)
PREPARE should be add to pool_add_sent_message, so that EXECUTE and DEALLOCATE can be sent to the same node as PREPARE.
See [pgpool-general: 6226] for more details.
Do not update pool_passwd if the password length is incorrect. (bug 419) (Takuma Hoshiai, Tatsuo Ishii)
For Pgpool-II 3.7 or before, the password stored in pool_passwd is MD5 password only. So check the correctness of pool_passwd by scanning entire file.
Doc: Change follow_master_command description "new master" to "new primary". (Bo Peng)
Fix newer version of gcc warnings. (Tatsuo Ishii)
Test: Update clean.sh which clean up regression test results. (Bo Peng)
Patch provided by Jesper Pedersen.
Add .gitignore files. (Bo Peng)
Patch provided by Jesper Pedersen.
Fix segfault when node 0 is in down status in case of both health check and failover_on_backend_error are disabled. (Tatsuo Ishii)
Doc: Fix typos in documents and scripts. (Tatsuo Ishii)
Patch contributed by Jesper Pedersen.
Doc: Fix document mistakes of recovery_1st_stage_command and recovery_2nd_stage_command. (Bo Peng)


JavaScript objects were introduced in Chapter 7. That chapter treated each object as a unique set of properties, different from every other object.
JavaScript interpreters often include a feature that allows JavaScript code to query and set the fields and invoke the methods of Java objects.
JavaScript can also call methods that take arguments and return values. Type conversions are performed as necessary on the method arguments and return values.
JavaScript defines another special kind of object, known as a function. A function is an object that has executable code associated with it.
JavaScript objects were introduced in Chapter 7. That chapter treated each object as a unique set of properties, different from every other object.
The following sections discuss namespaces and initialization, and the chapter concludes with an extended example of a module of utility functions for working with modules.


I have enjoyed taking CS50 quite a bit. I started the class over the Christmas break, and have it mostly finished by Spring Break. Writing C code gave me a appreciation for the high level languages I had been previously aquainted with. To put it in perspective, I spent about two weeks trying to learn how to implement linked lists and hash tables. Concurrent with my interest in CS50 was my interest in IOT technology. I watched every TED talk I could find on the subject and decided I wanted to do something along that flavor for my final project. I already had two Raspberry Pis laying around. After some brainstorming, I narrowed my ideas down to the three most feasible and floated a survey to my colearners, coworkers, and students. Here are the results.
Google APIs are incredibly easy to use and they are documented very well. I've always used the Classroom API to make importing grades easy, so, it was fairly simply to copy the Python Quickstart and extend my code from that example. The code is pretty simple. Basically, I use a pip installed library to do the Oauth dirty work. The libary makes GET requests on my behalf, and I just have to substitute parameters into the provided functions. I'm only getting last updated time and status for the last 500 assignments for whatever course I query. Results come back as a list of Python dictionaries. There's a couple of counter variables and more code to interface with the 7 segment LED (more on that later). The whole thing runs in a while loop, because I have 2,000,000 request per day to play with. Don't think I can hit that...
The physical interface is a Raspberry Pi with a 7 segment LED and a buzzer. The 7 segment LED
is driven with just two pins from the GPIO. I'm using a serial data cable and a clock cable,
the pins are part of the RaspPi's i2c interface and Adrafuit provided a library that takes care
of multiplexing the LED's. All I have to do is send an argument to a print_number_str()
function. The LED runs on 5V, which comes from the Pi, so if I have wifi, I can do everything with
one power cable coming out of the box. Functional testing seems to indicate it's going to work,
and my students have already remarked that it is "cool". The cover is a custom laser etched design
that I did myself.


Intro : Introoo
This is a multiple choice test, select the answer you think is right.


A simple, straight-forward CMS with a built-in IDE for managing HTML, CSS/LESS, Javascript, file uploads, and user content.
A simple kanban application and a direct clone of Trello for offline use, built using ASP.net Core 2.0 & Sql Server 2017.
Write chapters of a book, blog, or journal in this open source web application, built using ASP.net Core 2.0 & Sql Server 2017.
An ASP.NET Core 2.0 template project that I used as a starting point to develop all of my other web applications with.
A mobile app that allows you to track events in your life, create goals, and watch your progress, built with React Native & Realms.
A comprehensive guide and research hub dedicated to the megalithic structures & technologies left behind by our ancestors.
Once it comes to me, I'll design a logo, start a new Visual Studio solution, and setup a Github repo.


|
jubilant-funicular
|
Public Attributes | |
| ILboolean | ilOriginSet |
| ILenum | ilOriginMode |
| ILboolean | ilFormatSet |
| ILboolean | ilTypeSet |
| ILenum | ilFormatMode |
| ILenum | ilTypeMode |
| ILboolean | ilOverWriteFiles |
| ILboolean | ilAutoConvPal |
| ILboolean | ilDefaultOnFail |
| ILboolean | ilUseKeyColour |
| ILboolean | ilBlitBlend |
| ILenum | ilCompression |
| ILenum | ilInterlace |
| ILenum | ilQuantMode |
| ILuint | ilNeuSample |
| ILuint | ilQuantMaxIndexs |
| ILboolean | ilKeepDxtcData |
| ILboolean | ilUseNVidiaDXT |
| ILboolean | ilUseSquishDXT |
| ILboolean | ilTgaCreateStamp |
| ILuint | ilJpgQuality |
| ILboolean | ilPngInterlace |
| ILboolean | ilTgaRle |
| ILboolean | ilBmpRle |
| ILboolean | ilSgiRle |
| ILenum | ilJpgFormat |
| ILboolean | ilJpgProgressive |
| ILenum | ilDxtcFormat |
| ILenum | ilPcdPicNum |
| ILint | ilPngAlphaIndex |
| ILenum | ilVtfCompression |
| char * | ilTgaId |
| char * | ilTgaAuthName |
| char * | ilTgaAuthComment |
| char * | ilPngAuthName |
| char * | ilPngTitle |
| char * | ilPngDescription |
| char * | ilTifDescription |
| char * | ilTifHostComputer |
| char * | ilTifDocumentName |
| char * | ilTifAuthName |
| char * | ilCHeader |
Definition at line 31 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilAutoConvPal |
Definition at line 44 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilBlitBlend |
Definition at line 50 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilBmpRle |
Definition at line 73 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilCHeader |
Definition at line 99 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilCompression |
Definition at line 52 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilDefaultOnFail |
Definition at line 46 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilDxtcFormat |
Definition at line 77 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilFormatMode |
Definition at line 39 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilFormatSet |
Definition at line 37 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilInterlace |
Definition at line 54 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilJpgFormat |
Definition at line 75 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilJpgProgressive |
Definition at line 76 of file il_states.h.
| ILuint IL_STATES::ilJpgQuality |
Definition at line 70 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilKeepDxtcData |
Definition at line 60 of file il_states.h.
| ILuint IL_STATES::ilNeuSample |
Definition at line 57 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilOriginMode |
Definition at line 35 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilOriginSet |
Definition at line 34 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilOverWriteFiles |
Definition at line 42 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilPcdPicNum |
Definition at line 78 of file il_states.h.
| ILint IL_STATES::ilPngAlphaIndex |
Definition at line 80 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilPngAuthName |
Definition at line 92 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilPngDescription |
Definition at line 94 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilPngInterlace |
Definition at line 71 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilPngTitle |
Definition at line 93 of file il_states.h.
| ILuint IL_STATES::ilQuantMaxIndexs |
Definition at line 58 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilQuantMode |
Definition at line 56 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilSgiRle |
Definition at line 74 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilTgaAuthComment |
Definition at line 91 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilTgaAuthName |
Definition at line 90 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilTgaCreateStamp |
Definition at line 69 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilTgaId |
Definition at line 89 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilTgaRle |
Definition at line 72 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilTifAuthName |
Definition at line 98 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilTifDescription |
Definition at line 95 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilTifDocumentName |
Definition at line 97 of file il_states.h.
| char* IL_STATES::ilTifHostComputer |
Definition at line 96 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilTypeMode |
Definition at line 40 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilTypeSet |
Definition at line 38 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilUseKeyColour |
Definition at line 48 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilUseNVidiaDXT |
Definition at line 61 of file il_states.h.
| ILboolean IL_STATES::ilUseSquishDXT |
Definition at line 62 of file il_states.h.
| ILenum IL_STATES::ilVtfCompression |
Definition at line 82 of file il_states.h.


Pointers in C are easy and fun to learn. Some C programming tasks are performed more easily with pointers, and other tasks, such as dynamic memory allocation, cannot be performed without using pointers. So it becomes necessary to learn pointers to become a perfect C programmer. Let's start learning them in simple and easy steps.
As you know, every variable is a memory location and every memory location has its address defined which can be accessed using ampersand (&) operator, which denotes an address in memory. Consider the following example, which prints the address of the variables defined −
#include <stdio.h> int main () { int var1; char var2[10]; printf("Address of var1 variable: %x\n", &var1 ); printf("Address of var2 variable: %x\n", &var2 ); return 0; }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Address of var1 variable: bff5a400 Address of var2 variable: bff5a3f6
A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable, i.e., direct address of the memory location. Like any variable or constant, you must declare a pointer before using it to store any variable address. The general form of a pointer variable declaration is −
type *var-name;
Here, type is the pointer's base type; it must be a valid C data type and var-name is the name of the pointer variable. The asterisk * used to declare a pointer is the same asterisk used for multiplication. However, in this statement the asterisk is being used to designate a variable as a pointer. Take a look at some of the valid pointer declarations −
int *ip; /* pointer to an integer */ double *dp; /* pointer to a double */ float *fp; /* pointer to a float */ char *ch /* pointer to a character */
The actual data type of the value of all pointers, whether integer, float, character, or otherwise, is the same, a long hexadecimal number that represents a memory address. The only difference between pointers of different data types is the data type of the variable or constant that the pointer points to.
There are a few important operations, which we will do with the help of pointers very frequently. (a) We define a pointer variable, (b) assign the address of a variable to a pointer and (c) finally access the value at the address available in the pointer variable. This is done by using unary operator * that returns the value of the variable located at the address specified by its operand. The following example makes use of these operations −
#include <stdio.h> int main () { int var = 20; /* actual variable declaration */ int *ip; /* pointer variable declaration */ ip = &var; /* store address of var in pointer variable*/ printf("Address of var variable: %x\n", &var ); /* address stored in pointer variable */ printf("Address stored in ip variable: %x\n", ip ); /* access the value using the pointer */ printf("Value of *ip variable: %d\n", *ip ); return 0; }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Address of var variable: bffd8b3c Address stored in ip variable: bffd8b3c Value of *ip variable: 20
It is always a good practice to assign a NULL value to a pointer variable in case you do not have an exact address to be assigned. This is done at the time of variable declaration. A pointer that is assigned NULL is called a null pointer.
The NULL pointer is a constant with a value of zero defined in several standard libraries. Consider the following program −
#include <stdio.h> int main () { int *ptr = NULL; printf("The value of ptr is : %x\n", ptr ); return 0; }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
The value of ptr is 0
In most of the operating systems, programs are not permitted to access memory at address 0 because that memory is reserved by the operating system. However, the memory address 0 has special significance; it signals that the pointer is not intended to point to an accessible memory location. But by convention, if a pointer contains the null (zero) value, it is assumed to point to nothing.
To check for a null pointer, you can use an 'if' statement as follows −
if(ptr) /* succeeds if p is not null */ if(!ptr) /* succeeds if p is null */
Pointers have many but easy concepts and they are very important to C programming. The following important pointer concepts should be clear to any C programmer −
| S.N. | Concept & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Pointer arithmetic
There are four arithmetic operators that can be used in pointers: ++, --, +, - |
| 2 | Array of pointers
You can define arrays to hold a number of pointers. |
| 3 | Pointer to pointer
C allows you to have pointer on a pointer and so on. |
| 4 | Passing pointers to functions in C
Passing an argument by reference or by address enable the passed argument to be changed in the calling function by the called function. |
| 5 | Return pointer from functions in C
C allows a function to return a pointer to the local variable, static variable, and dynamically allocated memory as well. |


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Until now error messages haven’t been more than mentioned, but if you have tried out the examples you have probably seen some. There are (at least) two distinguishable kinds of errors: syntax errors and exceptions.
Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps the most common kind of complaint you get while you are still learning Python:
>>> while True print('Hello world')
File "<stdin>", line 1
while True print('Hello world')
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
The parser repeats the offending line and displays a little ‘arrow’
pointing at the earliest point in the line where the error was detected.
The error is caused by (or at least detected at) the token
preceding the arrow: in the example, the error is detected at the
function
print()
, since a colon (':'
) is missing before it. File name and
line number are printed so you know where to look in case the input came
from a script.
Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause an error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors detected during execution are called exceptions and are not unconditionally fatal: you will soon learn how to handle them in Python programs. Most exceptions are not handled by programs, however, and result in error messages as shown here:
>>> 10 * (1/0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
>>> 4 + spam*3
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'spam' is not defined
>>> '2' + 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly
The last line of the error message indicates what happened. Exceptions
come in different types, and the type is printed as part of the message:
the types in the example are
ZeroDivisionError
,
NameError
and
TypeError
. The string printed as the exception type is the name of the built-in
exception that occurred. This is true for all built-in exceptions, but
need not be true for user-defined exceptions (although it is a useful
convention). Standard exception names are built-in identifiers (not
reserved keywords).
The rest of the line provides detail based on the type of exception and what caused it.
The preceding part of the error message shows the context where the exception occurred, in the form of a stack traceback. In general it contains a stack traceback listing source lines; however, it will not display lines read from standard input.
Built-in Exceptions lists the built-in exceptions and their meanings.
It is possible to write programs that handle selected exceptions. Look at
the following example, which asks the user for input until a valid integer
has been entered, but allows the user to interrupt the program (using
Control-C or whatever the operating system supports); note that a
user-generated interruption is signalled by raising the
KeyboardInterrupt
exception.
>>> while True:
... try:
... x = int(input("Please enter a number: "))
... break
... except ValueError:
... print("Oops! That was no valid number. Try again...")
...
The
try
statement works as follows.
First, the try clause (the statement(s) between the
try
and
except
keywords) is executed.
If no exception occurs, the except clause is skipped and
execution of the
try
statement is finished.
If an exception occurs during execution of the try clause, the rest of
the clause is skipped. Then if its type matches the exception named
after the
except
keyword, the except clause is executed, and then execution continues
after the
try
statement.
If an exception occurs which does not match the exception named in the
except clause, it is passed on to outer
try
statements; if no handler is found, it is an
unhandled exception and execution stops with a message as
shown above.
A
try
statement may have more than one except clause, to specify handlers for
different exceptions. At most one handler will be executed. Handlers only
handle exceptions that occur in the corresponding try clause, not in other
handlers of the same try
statement. An except clause may name
multiple exceptions as a parenthesized tuple, for example:
... except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):
... pass
A class in an
except
clause is compatible with an exception if it is the same class or a base
class thereof (but not the other way around — an except clause listing a
derived class is not compatible with a base class). For example, the
following code will print B, C, D in that order:
class B(Exception):
pass
class C(B):
pass
class D(C):
pass
for cls in [B, C, D]:
try:
raise cls()
except D:
print("D")
except C:
print("C")
except B:
print("B")
Note that if the except clauses were reversed (with
except B
first), it would have printed B, B, B — the first
matching except clause is triggered.
The last except clause may omit the exception name(s), to serve as a wildcard. Use this with extreme caution, since it is easy to mask a real programming error in this way! It can also be used to print an error message and then re-raise the exception (allowing a caller to handle the exception as well):
import sys
try:
f = open('myfile.txt')
s = f.readline()
i = int(s.strip())
except OSError as err:
print("OS error: {0}".format(err))
except ValueError:
print("Could not convert data to an integer.")
except:
print("Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0])
raise
The
try
…
except
statement has an optional else clause, which, when present, must
follow all except clauses. It is useful for code that must be executed if
the try clause does not raise an exception. For example:
for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
try:
f = open(arg, 'r')
except OSError:
print('cannot open', arg)
else:
print(arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines')
f.close()
The use of the else
clause is better than adding additional
code to the
try
clause because it avoids accidentally catching an exception that wasn’t
raised by the code being protected by the try
…
except
statement.
When an exception occurs, it may have an associated value, also known as the exception’s argument. The presence and type of the argument depend on the exception type.
The except clause may specify a variable after the exception name. The
variable is bound to an exception instance with the arguments stored in
instance.args
. For convenience, the exception instance
defines
str()
so the arguments can be printed directly without having to reference
.args
. One may also instantiate an exception first before
raising it and add any attributes to it as desired.
>>> try:
... raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')
... except Exception as inst:
... print(type(inst)) # the exception instance
... print(inst.args) # arguments stored in .args
... print(inst) # __str__ allows args to be printed directly,
... # but may be overridden in exception subclasses
... x, y = inst.args # unpack args
... print('x =', x)
... print('y =', y)
...
<class 'Exception'>
('spam', 'eggs')
('spam', 'eggs')
x = spam
y = eggs
If an exception has arguments, they are printed as the last part (‘detail’) of the message for unhandled exceptions.
Exception handlers don’t just handle exceptions if they occur immediately in the try clause, but also if they occur inside functions that are called (even indirectly) in the try clause. For example:
>>> def this_fails():
... x = 1/0
...
>>> try:
... this_fails()
... except ZeroDivisionError as err:
... print('Handling run-time error:', err)
...
Handling run-time error: division by zero
The
raise
statement allows the programmer to force a specified exception to occur.
For example:
>>> raise NameError('HiThere')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: HiThere
The sole argument to
raise
indicates the exception to be raised. This must be either an exception
instance or an exception class (a class that derives from
Exception
). If an exception class is passed, it will be implicitly instantiated by
calling its constructor with no arguments:
raise ValueError # shorthand for 'raise ValueError()'
If you need to determine whether an exception was raised but don’t intend
to handle it, a simpler form of the
raise
statement allows you to re-raise the exception:
>>> try:
... raise NameError('HiThere')
... except NameError:
... print('An exception flew by!')
... raise
...
An exception flew by!
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
NameError: HiThere
The
raise
statement allows an optional
from
which enables chaining exceptions. For example:
# exc must be exception instance or None.
raise RuntimeError from exc
This can be useful when you are transforming exceptions. For example:
>>> def func():
... raise IOError
...
>>> try:
... func()
... except IOError as exc:
... raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 2, in func
OSError
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
RuntimeError: Failed to open database
Exception chaining happens automatically when an exception is raised
inside an
except
or
finally
section. Exception chaining can be disabled by using
from None
idiom:
>>> try:
... open('database.sqlite')
... except OSError:
... raise RuntimeError from None
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
RuntimeError
For more information about chaining mechanics, see Built-in Exceptions.
Programs may name their own exceptions by creating a new exception class
(see
Classes
for more about Python classes). Exceptions should typically be derived
from the
Exception
class, either directly or indirectly.
Exception classes can be defined which do anything any other class can do, but are usually kept simple, often only offering a number of attributes that allow information about the error to be extracted by handlers for the exception. When creating a module that can raise several distinct errors, a common practice is to create a base class for exceptions defined by that module, and subclass that to create specific exception classes for different error conditions:
class Error(Exception):
"""Base class for exceptions in this module."""
pass
class InputError(Error):
"""Exception raised for errors in the input.
Attributes:
expression -- input expression in which the error occurred
message -- explanation of the error
"""
def __init__(self, expression, message):
self.expression = expression
self.message = message
class TransitionError(Error):
"""Raised when an operation attempts a state transition that's not
allowed.
Attributes:
previous -- state at beginning of transition
next -- attempted new state
message -- explanation of why the specific transition is not allowed
"""
def __init__(self, previous, next, message):
self.previous = previous
self.next = next
self.message = message
Most exceptions are defined with names that end in “Error”, similar to the naming of the standard exceptions.
Many standard modules define their own exceptions to report errors that may occur in functions they define. More information on classes is presented in chapter Classes.
The
try
statement has another optional clause which is intended to define clean-up
actions that must be executed under all circumstances. For example:
>>> try:
... raise KeyboardInterrupt
... finally:
... print('Goodbye, world!')
...
Goodbye, world!
 The finally
clause runs whether or not
the try
statement produces an exception. The following points
discuss more complex cases when an exception occurs:
If an exception occurs during execution of the
try
clause, the exception may be handled by an
except
clause. If the exception is not handled by an
except
clause, the exception is re-raised after the
finally
clause has been executed.
An exception could occur during execution of an except
or
else
clause. Again, the exception is re-raised after the
finally
clause has been executed.
If the finally
clause executes a
break
,
continue
or
return
statement, exceptions are not re-raised.
If the try
statement reaches a
break
,
continue
or
return
statement, the finally
clause will execute just prior to
the break
, continue
or
return
statement’s execution.
If a finally
clause includes a
return
statement, the returned value will be the one from
the finally
clause’s return
statement, not
the value from the try
clause’s
return
statement.
For example:
>>> def bool_return():
... try:
... return True
... finally:
... return False
...
>>> bool_return()
False
A more complicated example:
>>> def divide(x, y):
... try:
... result = x / y
... except ZeroDivisionError:
... print("division by zero!")
... else:
... print("result is", result)
... finally:
... print("executing finally clause")
...
>>> divide(2, 1)
result is 2.0
executing finally clause
>>> divide(2, 0)
division by zero!
executing finally clause
>>> divide("2", "1")
executing finally clause
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 3, in divide
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'
As you can see, the
finally
clause is executed in any event. The
TypeError
raised by dividing two strings is not handled by the
except
clause and therefore re-raised after the finally
clause has
been executed.
In real world applications, the
finally
clause is useful for releasing external resources (such as files or
network connections), regardless of whether the use of the resource was
successful.
Some objects define standard clean-up actions to be undertaken when the object is no longer needed, regardless of whether or not the operation using the object succeeded or failed. Look at the following example, which tries to open a file and print its contents to the screen.
for line in open("myfile.txt"):
print(line, end="")
The problem with this code is that it leaves the file open for an
indeterminate amount of time after this part of the code has finished
executing. This is not an issue in simple scripts, but can be a problem
for larger applications. The
with
statement allows objects like files to be used in a way that ensures they
are always cleaned up promptly and correctly.
with open("myfile.txt") as f:
for line in f:
print(line, end="")
After the statement is executed, the file f is always closed, even if a problem was encountered while processing the lines. Objects which, like files, provide predefined clean-up actions will indicate this in their documentation.
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Last updated on May 30, 2021.
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