RbGateway
public final class RbGateway: RbObjectAccess
Provides top-level Ruby services: information about the Ruby VM, evaluate expressions, access various kinds of Ruby objects, and define new Ruby classes, modules, and functions.
You cannot instantiate this type. Instead RubyGateway exports a public
instance Ruby
. Among other things this permits a dynamic member lookup
programming style.
The Ruby VM is initialized when the object is first accessed and is
automatically stopped when the process ends. The VM can be manually shut
down before process exit by calling RbGateway.cleanup()
but once this has
been done the VM cannot be restarted and subsequent calls to RubyGateway
services will fail.
The loadpath (where require
looks) is set to the lib/ruby
directories
adjacent to the libruby
the program is linked against and $RUBYLIB
.
RubyGems are enabled.
Accessing Ruby objects
The class inherits from RbObjectAccess
which lets you look up constants
or call functions as you would at the top level of a Ruby script, for example:
import RubyGateway
print("Ruby version is \(Ruby.version)")
do {
try Ruby.require(filename: "rouge")
let html = try Ruby.get("Rouge").call("highlight", args: ["let a = 1", "swift", "html"])
} catch {
}
If you just want to create a Ruby object of some class, see
RbObject.init(ofClass:args:kwArgs:)
.
Running Ruby code
Use RbGateway.eval(ruby:)
to evaulate a Ruby expression in the current VM.
For example:
let result = try Ruby.eval(ruby: "Rouge.highlight('let a = 1', 'swift', 'html')")
Defining new Ruby classes
Use RbGateway.defineClass(_:parent:under:)
and RbGateway.defineModule(_:under:)
to define new classes and modules. Then add methods using RbObject.defineMethod(...)
and RbObject.defineSingletonMethod(...)
.
Topics
func cleanup() -> Int32
func cleanup() -> Int32
Explicitly shut down Ruby and release resources.
This includes calling END{}
code and procs registered by Kernel.#at_exit
.
You generally don’t need to call this: it happens automatically as part of process exit.
Once called you cannot continue to use Ruby in this process: the VM cannot be re-setup.
Declaration
public func cleanup() -> Int32
Return Value
0 if the cleanup went fine, otherwise some error code from Ruby.
func getID(for: String) -> RbObject.VALUE
func getID(for: String) -> RbObject.VALUE
Get an ID
ready to call a method, for example.
This is public to permit interop with CRuby
. It is not
needed for regular RubyGateway use.
Declaration
public func getID(for name: String) throws -> RbObject.VALUE
Parameters
name |
Name to look up, typically constant or method name. |
Throws
RbError.rubyException(_:)
if Ruby raises an exception. This
probably means the ID
space is full, which is fairly unlikely.
Return Value
The corresponding ID.
func softSetup() -> Bool
func softSetup() -> Bool
Attempt to initialize Ruby but swallow any error.
This is for use from places that could be the first use of Ruby but it is not practical to throw an exception for API or aesthetic reasons.
The idea is that callers can get by long enough for the user to call
require()
or send()
which will properly report the VM setup error.
This is public to let you implement RbObjectConvertible.rubyObject
for
custom types. It is not required for regular RubyGateway use.
Declaration
public func softSetup() -> Bool
Top Self Instance Variables
func getInstanceVar(String) -> RbObject
func getInstanceVar(String) -> RbObject
Get the value of a top-level instance variable. Creates a new one with a nil
value if it doesn’t exist yet.
This is like doing @f
at the top level of a Ruby script.
For a version that does not throw, see RbObjectAccess.failable
.
Declaration
Parameters
name |
Name of IVar to get. Must begin with a single ‘@’. |
Throws
RbError.badIdentifier(type:id:)
if name
looks wrong.
RbError.rubyException(_:)
if Ruby has a problem.
Return Value
Value of the IVar or Ruby nil
if it has not been assigned yet.
func setInstanceVar(String, newValue: RbObjectConvertible?) -> RbObject
func setInstanceVar(String, newValue: RbObjectConvertible?) -> RbObject
Set a top-level instance variable. Creates a new one if it doesn’t exist yet.
This is like doing @f = 3
at the top level of a Ruby script.
For a version that does not throw, see RbObjectAccess.failable
.
Declaration
@discardableResult
public override func setInstanceVar(
_ name: String, newValue: RbObjectConvertible?
) throws -> RbObject
Parameters
name |
Name of IVar to set. Must begin with a single ‘@’. |
newValue |
New value to set. |
Throws
RbError.badIdentifier(type:id:)
if name
looks wrong.
RbError.rubyException(_:)
if Ruby has a problem.
Return Value
The value that was set.
Defining New Classes and Modules
func defineClass(String, parent: RbObject?, under: RbObject?) -> RbObject
func defineClass(String, parent: RbObject?, under: RbObject?) -> RbObject
Define a new, empty, Ruby class.
Declaration
Parameters
name |
Name of the class. |
parent |
Parent class for the new class to inherit from. The default
is |
under |
The class or module under which to nest this new class. The
default is |
Throws
RbError.badIdentifier(type:id:)
if name
is bad. RbError.badType(...)
if
parent
is provided but is not a class, or if under
is neither class nor
module. RbError.rubyException(...)
if Ruby is unhappy with the definition,
for example when the class already exists with a different parent.
Return Value
The class object for the new class.
func defineClass<SwiftPeer>(String, under: RbObject?, initializer: () -> SwiftPeer) -> RbObject
func defineClass<SwiftPeer>(String, under: RbObject?, initializer: () -> SwiftPeer) -> RbObject
Define a new, empty, Ruby class associated with a Swift class.
The Ruby class inherits from the Ruby Data
Data
class.
When any new instance of the Ruby class is created, the initializer
closure
is called to get hold of an instance of the bound Swift class. Typically this closure
is an initializer for the Swift class. A strong reference is held to the Swift object
while the Ruby object is live; this reference is released only when the Ruby object is
garbage-collected.
If you want to implement the Ruby initialize
entrypoint to support passing arguments
to new
then you need to do that separately with one of the
RbObject.defineMethod(_:argsSpec:method:)
methods.
Ruby methods defined with RbObject.defineMethod(_:argsSpec:method:)
can be bound
directly to methods of the SwiftPeer
class.
Declaration
Parameters
name |
Name of the class. |
under |
The class or module under which to nest this new class. The
default is |
initializer |
Closure to return an instance of |
Throws
RbError.badIdentifier(type:id:)
if name
is bad. RbError.badType(...)
if
parent
is provided but is not a class, or if under
is neither class nor
module. RbError.rubyException(...)
if Ruby is unhappy with the definition,
for example when the class already exists with a different parent.
Return Value
The class object for the new class.
func defineModule(String, under: RbObject?) -> RbObject
func defineModule(String, under: RbObject?) -> RbObject
Define a new, empty, Ruby module.
For example to create a module Math::Advanced
:
let mathModule = try Ruby.get("Math")
let advancedMathModule = try Ruby.defineModule(name: "Advanced", under: mathModule)
Declaration
Parameters
name |
Name of the module. |
under |
The class or module under which to nest this new module. |
Throws
RbError.badIdentifier(type:id:)
if name
is bad. RbError.badType(...)
if under
is neither class nor module. RbError.rubyException(...)
if
Ruby is unhappy with the definition, for example when a non-module constant
already exists with this name.
Return Value
The module object for the new module.
VM Properties
var debug: Bool
var debug: Bool
enum Verbosity
enum Verbosity
Verbosity setting for Ruby scripts - affects Kernel#warn
etc.
Declaration
public enum Verbosity
var verbose: Verbosity
var verbose: Verbosity
Verbose mode for Ruby code, sets $VERBOSE
/ $-v
.
Declaration
public var verbose: Verbosity { get set }
var scriptName: String
var scriptName: String
var apiVersion: (Int32, Int32, Int32)
var apiVersion: (Int32, Int32, Int32)
var version: String
var version: String
The version number triple of Ruby being used, for example 2.5.0.
Declaration
public var version: String { get }
var versionDescription: String
var versionDescription: String
The full version string for the Ruby being used.
For example ruby 2.5.0p0 (2017-12-25 revision 61468) [x86_64-darwin17].
Declaration
public var versionDescription: String { get }
func setArguments([String])
func setArguments([String])
Ruby Code Execution
func eval(ruby: String) -> RbObject
func eval(ruby: String) -> RbObject
Evaluate some Ruby and return the result.
This is a lower level than Kernel#eval
and less flexible - if you
need that function then access it via RbGateway.call("eval")
.
Don’t be tempted by rb_eval_string_wrap()
, it is broken. #10466.
Declaration
Parameters
ruby |
Ruby code to execute at the top level. |
Throws
RbError
if something goes wrong.
Return Value
The result of executing the code.
func require(filename: String) -> Bool
func require(filename: String) -> Bool
Load a Ruby file once-only. See Kernel#require
, but note this
method is dispatched dynamically so it will invoke any replacements of
require
.
Declaration
Parameters
filename |
The name of the file to load. |
Throws
RbError
if something goes wrong. This usually means that Ruby
couldn’t find the file.
Return Value
true
if the file was loaded OK, false
if it is already loaded.
func load(filename: String, wrap: Bool)
func load(filename: String, wrap: Bool)
See Ruby Kernel#load
. Load a file, reloads if already loaded.
Declaration
Parameters
filename |
The name of the file to load |
wrap |
If |
Throws
RbError
if something goes wrong.
Swift Global Variables
func defineGlobalVar<T>(String, get: () -> T)
func defineGlobalVar<T>(String, get: () -> T)
Create a readonly Ruby global variable implemented by Swift code.
If your global variable is not a simple Swift value type then use RbObject
as the closure return type.
Declaration
public func defineGlobalVar<T: RbObjectConvertible>(
_ name: String,
get: @escaping () -> T) throws
Parameters
name |
The name of the global variable. Must begin with |
get |
Function called whenever Ruby code reads the global variable. |
Throws
RbError.badIdentifier(type:id:)
if name
is bad; some other kind of error if Ruby is
not working.
func defineGlobalVar<T>(String, get: () -> T, set: (T) -> Void)
func defineGlobalVar<T>(String, get: () -> T, set: (T) -> Void)
Create a read-write Ruby global variable implemented by Swift code.
Errors thrown from the setter closure propagate into Ruby as exceptions. Ruby does not permit getters to raise exceptions.
If your global variable is not a simple Swift value type then use RbObject
as the
closure return/argument type; you can manually throw an RbException
from the setter
if the provided Ruby value is the wrong shape.
Declaration
public func defineGlobalVar<T: RbObjectConvertible>(
_ name: String,
get: @escaping () -> T,
set: @escaping (T) throws -> Void) throws
Parameters
name |
The name of the global variable. Must begin with |
get |
Function called whenever Ruby code reads the global variable. |
set |
Function called whenever Ruby code writes the global variable. |
Throws
RbError.badIdentifier(type:id:)
if name
is bad; some other kind of error if Ruby is
not working.
Swift Global Functions
func defineGlobalFunction(String, argsSpec: RbMethodArgsSpec, body: RbMethodCallback)
func defineGlobalFunction(String, argsSpec: RbMethodArgsSpec, body: RbMethodCallback)
Define a global function that can use positional, keyword, and optional arguments as well as splatting. The function can also be passed a block.
Use the RbMethod
passed into body
to access the function arguments;
RubyBridge validates the arguments according to argsSpec
before invoking
this callback.
The first parameter to the body
callback is best ignored: it is the Ruby
internal object that is used to implement so-called “global functions”.
Declaration
public func defineGlobalFunction(
_ name: String,
argsSpec: RbMethodArgsSpec = RbMethodArgsSpec(),
body: @escaping RbMethodCallback) throws
Parameters
name |
The function name. |
argsSpec |
A description of the arguments required by the function. The default for this parameter specifies a function that does not take any arguments. |
body |
The Swift code to run when the function is called. |
Throws
RbError.badIdentifier(type:id:)
if name
is bad.
Some other kind of RbError
if Ruby is not working.


This page contains the statistics of the creator of the website, PayToUse.
YouTube Subscriber Count
Twitter Follower Count


#parse("/de/fct/companian/web/site/inc/header.htm")
Framework Compare Result
Comparing ${leftJar.artifact} version ${leftJar.version}
on the left side with version ${rightJar.version}
on the right side.
Hide differences with 'Info' rating.
Computed ${result.diffCount} differences where ${result.relevantDiffCount} could be relevant.
#macro ( diffentry $diff )
- ${diff.rating} - ${diff.kind} @ ${diff.source.name}
> ${diff.description}
$!{diff.solution}
#if (! $diff.subDiffs.empty )
#foreach ( $subDiff in $diff.subDiffs )
#diffentry ( $subDiff $depth )
#end
#end
#end
#foreach ( $diff in $result.diffs )
#diffentry ( $diff )
#end
#parse("/de/fct/companian/web/site/inc/footer.htm")


If you continue, this wiki page says buh-bye forever. Are you sure
you want to do that?
{% endblock %}
{% block actions %}
{# When freezing, do not display the edit and delete links. #}
{% if not config['FREEZING'] %}
Actions
Edit
{# Home is special so don't allow it to be deleted. #}
{% if page_path != 'Home' %}
{# Allow users to get an error from the server if JavaScript is disabled. #}
Delete
{% endif %}
{% if git != None %}
History
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}
{% block onready %}
$('#delete').click(function(event) {
// Prevent the default so that the GET delete doesn't happen.
event.preventDefault();
$('#delete_modal').modal('show');
});
$('#really_delete').click(function(event) {
$('#delete_form').submit();
});
{% endblock %}


Raphael Island is part of the Cargados Carajos archipelago which lies approximately 200nm north east of the main island of Mauritius.
Position 16°27′S, 59°37′E.
Call the Coastguard on VHF channel 16 and they will collect your details and pass them on to their HQ.
Last updated May 2013.
On Cocos Island (16°50′S, 59°30′E) there is a small fishing lodge and an excellent anchorage in 8m over sand. The keeper of the place, Gabi and his wife Mary are very friendly and helpful.


Teen Girl -- Furniture
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Dynamic Visualization of Reddit's Growth by Country
Use your mouse to click and drag countries (represented as circles) to explore, or the slide bar.
2008
2015


In the GraphQL world, a lot of articles complain how to handle stuff like an authentication, or side-effects of operations. Should we put it inside the business logic? Shall we use a higher-order function to enhance queries and mutations as well, for example, with an authorization logic? There's no single answer.
The Nest ecosystem is trying to help with this issue using existing features like guards and interceptors. The idea behind them is to reduce redundancy and also, supply you with tooling that helps creating well-structured, readable, and consistent applications.
You can use both guards and interceptors in the same fashion as in the simple REST application.
They act equivalently until the request
is passed as a rootValue
in the graphqlExpress
middleware.
Let's have a look at the following code:
{{ useGuardsExample }}
Thanks to that you can move your authentication logic to the guard, or even reuse the same guard class as in the REST application. The interceptors works in the exact same way:
{{ useInterceptorsExample }}
Write once, use everywhere :)


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October 20, 2003
General Boykin's apology truncated by Pentagon
CNN | Submitted by: jimbo
"An apology from Lt. Gen. William Boykin for casting the war on terrorism in terms that offended some Muslims originally included a promise that he would no longer speak at religious events, CNN has learned. But that language was deleted on the advice of Pentagon attorneys and the press office, a Pentagon spokesman said. Other statements also were withdrawn by the Pentagon, a spokesman said, included Boykin's belief that God put President Bush in the White House... 'Yes I believe that George Bush was placed in the White House by God as well as Bill Clinton and other presidents.'"
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Suspicious Lady Di note revealed six years after death
Mirror | Submitted by: Moroni Alfredo
"Princess Diana claimed there was a plot to kill her in a car crash in a handwritten letter only 10 months before she died. She gave it to her butler Paul Burrell with orders that he should keep it as 'insurance' for the future. The princess predicted: 'This particular phase in my life is the most dangerous.' She said†'XXXXXXXXXXX is planning "an accident" in my car, brake failure and serious head injury in order to make the path clear for Charles to marry.' In the letter, revealed by the Daily Mirror today, Diana named who she believed was plotting to kill her. But the Mirror is not able to repeat the allegation for legal reasons so we have blanked that part of the letter out... Before sealing the letter in an envelope marked 'Paul,' the princess told him: 'Iím going to date this and I want you to keep it... just in case.'" [Hoax?]
|
|
Read article...
|
|
No new investigations into Vietnam War massacres
BBC | Submitted by: Animal Cannibal
"The US Defence Department says it will not reopen investigations into alleged Vietnam War atrocities, despite new claims. According to an investigation by the Ohio-based Toledo Blade newspaper, the elite Tiger Force unit of the Army's 101st Airborne Division killed hundreds of unarmed villagers over seven months in 1967. Soldiers told the newspaper they had severed ears from the dead, stringing them on shoelaces to wear around their necks, and had dropped grenades into bunkers where children and women were taking refuge. But a Pentagon statement said the case was more than 30 years old and there was no new or compelling evidence to justify reopening it."
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Grandma abandons burning car, dooming grandson
WNBC-TV 4 New York | Submitted by: Cupcake
"Police said [Pamela Dreadin], 41, of Mount Laurel, was driving in a rural section of Eastampton Township shortly before 3 a.m. Sunday when her Ford Bronco ran off the road, starting a fire in the engine compartment.  Dreadin went to a nearby house to call for help but did not mention that her [22-month-old] grandson, Michael Malinowski, was in the car until 10 minutes later when a police officer arrived, authorities said.
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Abused boy dies after returned to parents for 5th time
Seattle Post-Intelligencer | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"Rafael Gomez's foster mother begged a Grant County Superior Court judge last March not to send the toddler back to his biological parents, predicting this return would be his 'final, fatal time.'  And in a caretaker's report to the court, Griffith pleaded, 'Please do not let this child fall through the cracks again. In my opinion, a fifth time (of being returned to his parents) could be his final, fatal time in the system.' ... Griffith's grim prediction came true just six months later. The boy died Sept. 10 after being brought to the hospital unconscious by his parents.  But doctors found fractures on the boy's skull."
|
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Read article...
|
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Man goes nuts, stabs family
ABC TV affiliates | Submitted by: jimbo
"Police say this man simply went crazy on his family. And they don't know why exactly yet. His little eight-year-old niece is dead. Everyone else is in the hospital. The man went on a rampage, stabbing four of his own relatives. He slashed his sister, brother, and then pulled a knife on two young children... his own niece and nephew. He stabbed the five-year-old boy in the chest and then the eight-year-old girl in her neck. That little girl died."
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Fox News viewers need your support
Washington Post | Submitted by: Moroni Alfredo
"In a series of polls from May through September, the researchers discovered that large minorities of Americans entertained some highly fanciful beliefs about the facts of the Iraqi war. Fully 48 percent of Americans believed that the United States had uncovered evidence demonstrating a close working relationship between Saddam Hussein and al Qaeda. Another 22 percent thought that we had found the weapons of mass destruction in Iraq... The fair and balanced folks at Fox, the survey concludes, were 'the news source whose viewers had the most misperceptions.' Eighty percent of Fox viewers believed at least one of these un-facts; 45 percent believed all three."
|
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Read article...
|
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Soccer players piss in teammate's drink bottle
WPVI-TV 6 Philadelphia | Submitted by: Reid Fleming
"Four Greater Latrobe High School students are back in school after serving a ten-day suspension for putting urine in a soccer teammate's sports container last year. The incident took place in August 2002, but school officials didn't learn about it until three weeks ago... The student who used the drink bottle wasn't harmed and immediately spit out the liquid."
|
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Read article...
|
|
Thailand unveils world's largest curtain to hide slums
News 24 South Africa | Submitted by: Timotheus
"A giant banner emblazoned with the image of Bangkok's stunning Grand Palace temple compound has been strung up in front of a sprawling riverside slum to hide the 'eyesore' during this week's Apec summit. At 360m in length and 10m high, the banner, which was installed on Thursday as the group's foreign affairs and trade ministers jetted into town, is reportedly the largest in the world...  A police spokesman told the BBC that 16 of the men were under particular scrutiny... The attack, which came after the diplomat had attended a screening at an international film festival last Tuesday, left Delhi in shock... Police say two men pushed her into her car last Tuesday and then one of them raped her."
|
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Read article...
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Your account has been irreversibly deleted
Your account will be deleted in ${data.numDays} days unless you cancel before then


public class ChartAnimator
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected float |
mPhaseX
the phase that is animated and influences the drawn values on the x-axis
|
protected float |
mPhaseY
the phase that is animated and influences the drawn values on the y-axis
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
ChartAnimator() |
ChartAnimator(AnimatorUpdateListener listener) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
animateX(int durationMillis)
Animates the rendering of the chart on the x-axis with the specified
animation time.
|
void |
animateX(int durationMillis,
Easing.EasingOption easing)
Animates the rendering of the chart on the x-axis with the specified
animation time.
|
void |
animateX(int durationMillis,
EasingFunction easing)
Animates the rendering of the chart on the x-axis with the specified
animation time.
|
void |
animateXY(int durationMillisX,
int durationMillisY)
Animates the drawing / rendering of the chart on both x- and y-axis with
the specified animation time.
|
void |
animateXY(int durationMillisX,
int durationMillisY,
Easing.EasingOption easingX,
Easing.EasingOption easingY)
Animates the drawing / rendering of the chart on both x- and y-axis with
the specified animation time.
|
void |
animateXY(int durationMillisX,
int durationMillisY,
EasingFunction easingX,
EasingFunction easingY)
Animates the drawing / rendering of the chart on both x- and y-axis with
the specified animation time.
|
void |
animateY(int durationMillis)
Animates the rendering of the chart on the y-axis with the specified
animation time.
|
void |
animateY(int durationMillis,
Easing.EasingOption easing)
Animates the rendering of the chart on the y-axis with the specified
animation time.
|
void |
animateY(int durationMillis,
EasingFunction easing)
Animates the rendering of the chart on the y-axis with the specified
animation time.
|
float |
getPhaseX()
This gets the x-phase that is used to animate the values.
|
float |
getPhaseY()
This gets the y-phase that is used to animate the values.
|
void |
setPhaseX(float phase)
This modifys the x-phase that is used to animate the values.
|
void |
setPhaseY(float phase)
This modifys the y-phase that is used to animate the values.
|
protected float mPhaseY
protected float mPhaseX
public ChartAnimator()
public ChartAnimator(AnimatorUpdateListener listener)
public void animateXY(int durationMillisX, int durationMillisY, EasingFunction easingX, EasingFunction easingY)
durationMillisX
- durationMillisY
- easingX
- easingY
- public void animateX(int durationMillis, EasingFunction easing)
durationMillis
- easing
- public void animateY(int durationMillis, EasingFunction easing)
durationMillis
- easing
- public void animateXY(int durationMillisX, int durationMillisY, Easing.EasingOption easingX, Easing.EasingOption easingY)
durationMillisX
- durationMillisY
- easingX
- easingY
- public void animateX(int durationMillis, Easing.EasingOption easing)
durationMillis
- easing
- public void animateY(int durationMillis, Easing.EasingOption easing)
durationMillis
- easing
- public void animateXY(int durationMillisX, int durationMillisY)
durationMillisX
- durationMillisY
- public void animateX(int durationMillis)
durationMillis
- public void animateY(int durationMillis)
durationMillis
- public float getPhaseY()
public void setPhaseY(float phase)
phase
- public float getPhaseX()
public void setPhaseX(float phase)
phase
-


In Ghanian culture, children are often given their first name as a 'day name'. This name corresponds to the day in the week they were born.
This application will require that you enter your birthday and will then calculate the day on which you were born and based on this will then give you your Akan name.


Comic's
{{name}}
Upload Date:
{{dates}}/{{months}}/{{years}}
News:
{{new}}
Link:
{{links}}
Transcript:
{{trancript}}
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Some simple web pages to make trees for nucleotide sequence data using an alignment-free method.
Go to maketree and make a tree.
Go to tree and make trees for different mtDNA data sets. Why are the trees different?


|
qml-ar
|
This class registers QMLAR as a singleton object in QML and QMLARMarkers image provider with markers debug info. More...
#include "qmlarplugin.h"
#include "androidfilter.h"
#include "delayfilter.h"
#include "threadedqmlar.h"
#include "nv21videofilter.h"
This class registers QMLAR as a singleton object in QML and QMLARMarkers image provider with markers debug info.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Initializing Your Experience{% endblock %} {% block head %} {{ super() }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Please take a moment and vote for the following recipes. If it is something that you would cook, simply up vote it. If it is something that you do not think you would cook, down vote it.
{% for recipe in recipes %}


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| sep.gaia.renderer.layer | |
| sep.gaia.resources.markeroption | |
| sep.gaia.resources.poi | |
| sep.gaia.resources.tiles2d | |
| sep.gaia.resources.wikipedia | |
| sep.gaia.state | |
| sep.gaia.util |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| FloatBoundingBox
Class to represent the size of a rectangle by giving the coordinates
of the upper left corner and the lower right corner.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| FloatBoundingBox
Class to represent the size of a rectangle by giving the coordinates
of the upper left corner and the lower right corner.
|
| FloatVector3D
Class to represent a 3-dimensional vector with
float
coordinates. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| FloatBoundingBox
Class to represent the size of a rectangle by giving the coordinates
of the upper left corner and the lower right corner.
|
| FloatVector3D
Class to represent a 3-dimensional vector with
float
coordinates. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| IntegerVector3D
Class to implement a 3-dimensional integer vector for a variety of purposes.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| FloatBoundingBox
Class to represent the size of a rectangle by giving the coordinates
of the upper left corner and the lower right corner.
|
| FloatVector3D
Class to represent a 3-dimensional vector with
float
coordinates. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BoundingBox
Interface for a general 2-dimensional rectangle, of which the
corners are represented by instances of classes that implement
Vector3D . |
| FloatBoundingBox
Class to represent the size of a rectangle by giving the coordinates
of the upper left corner and the lower right corner.
|
| FloatVector3D
Class to represent a 3-dimensional vector with
float
coordinates. |
| IntegerBoundingBox
Class to represent the size of a rectangle by giving the coordinates
of the upper left corner and the lower right corner.
|
| IntegerVector3D
Class to implement a 3-dimensional integer vector for a variety of purposes.
|
| Vector3D
Interface for a general 3-dimensional numerical vector.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BoundingBox
Interface for a general 2-dimensional rectangle, of which the
corners are represented by instances of classes that implement
Vector3D . |
| FloatBoundingBox
Class to represent the size of a rectangle by giving the coordinates
of the upper left corner and the lower right corner.
|
| FloatVector3D
Class to represent a 3-dimensional vector with
float
coordinates. |
| IntegerBoundingBox
Class to represent the size of a rectangle by giving the coordinates
of the upper left corner and the lower right corner.
|
| IntegerVector3D
Class to implement a 3-dimensional integer vector for a variety of purposes.
|
| Logger
Singleton-class for writing messages into a log-file.
|
| Vector3D
Interface for a general 3-dimensional numerical vector.
|


comments post consensus AGW type perceived blog scientific climate readers effect attitudes effects model social {border-style contrarian (). items px;} #ffffff;} = ., evidence information mainstream participants people’s change comment experimental science support F(,) Table analysis interaction posts Communication content results variables (BF Lewandowsky post, rejecting used acceptance affected direct reader < ., Fig. blogs comments, comments. correlations der public reading role sample Science agw conditions indirect online opinion perception variable However, Internet Research Social article associated careful did endorsement global post. px; questions readers. reflected shown test van variables, {font-family ./.. = .) AGW. American Bayesian Cook Lewandowsky, Psychology comprehension experiment font-size latent news people process provide score size strong warming (e.g., (endorsing = .). Endorse Linden Reject Type U.S. affect double; endorsing estimated expert explored fact known presumed read readability readers’ reported scale scientists study views (item Bayes Cohen’s Experimental Flesch Health Maibach Maibach, Nature Participants ReaderCons Thus, analyses border-color border-width content. dependent design endorsed followed intentions is, just learning light lines main models number partial perceptions points political provided rejection research set shared small solid; suggested supported time types using variables. {font-style {font-weight < , (see ... A., Applied Brossard, Environmental Gignac Given Henrich, Human Leiserowitz, Linden, Oberauer SRMR= Unaffected Web age agreement agw, appropriate behavior beliefs bold change. consensus. considered contrast, correlation courier; data determined dissenting em; examined expected factors impact incivility including modeling multiple new opposed overall present presented providing pt;} readers, science-based shift statistics strongly subset term theoretical unknown use user-generated weights


Ziraat Bank, the founding bank of the Turkish banking sector and driving force of the Turkish economy, was established in 1863. The Bank offers the fastest and cheapest service to its customers with its widespread branch network and wide product range. Ziraat Bank has been the pioneer and leader of change for more than 150 years. The Bank sees change as a means of reaching a better position under all market conditions.
Ziraat Bank is capable of providing integrated financial services and the Bank commands the position of being a national and regional power. On the domestic side, Ziraat Bank commands high popularity amid wide groups from SMEs to big corporate companies, and individuals to pensioners. The Bank serves as a reference point and a driving force of sustainable growth and economic development in Turkey.
Ziraat Bank’s strong correspondent cooperation opportunities play an important role in the Bank’s position as an intermediary in most of Turkey’s international trade. On the other hand, the Bank’s international network, which provide service at 85 points in 16 countries, is a key factor in the Bank’s status as the biggest Turkish Bank abroad.
Supported by the advantages listed below, Ziraat Bank provides an uninterrupted high quality service to its corporate, entrepreneurial and retail banking customers through its widespread branch network, effective distribution channels, experienced personnel and infrastructure which makes use of the latest technology.
According to figures for the end of 2014, Ziraat Bank’s total assets exceeded TL 247 billion and the Bank commanded a 12% market share in the sector.
As in the past, Ziraat Bank will unwaveringly continue to manage the change and offer the most qualified products and services to its customers throughout Turkey in the future.


AMA, Artist of the Decade
Taylor Swift
Sparks Fly whenever you smile!
Taylor Swift
If you're lucky enough to be different then dont ever change
Taylor Swift
Step into the daylight and let it go.
Taylor Swift
Just be yourself, there is no one better.
Taylor Swift


Features:
- Support for
proto2
and proto3
syntax levels
- Syntax highlighting
- Completion
- Semantic analysis
- References and navigation
- Quick documentation
- Editor enhancements (completion, brace matching, etc.)
- Navigating between protobuf files and some other languages (Java, Go, Python)
- Full support for text format, both standalone and in custom options
See the repository for more info.


Interact with your users with Gorgeous Action Sheets. These will have a gorgeous effect, making them feel like native interactions.
Interact with your users with Gorgeous Action Sheets. These will have a gorgeous effect, making them feel like native interactions.


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RunProgram()
语法
Result = RunProgram(Filename$ [, Parameter$, WorkingDirectory$ [, Flags [, SenderProgram]]])概要
Launches an external program.
参数
Filename$ The executable name including its path. Parameters$ (optional) Specifies the command line parameters that will be passed to the program. WorkingDirectory$ (optional) Specifies the directory that will then be the current directory for the launched program. Flags (可选) It can be a combination (using '|' OR operator) of the following values: #PB_Program_Wait : Wait until the launched program quits #PB_Program_Hide : Launch the program in invisible mode #PB_Program_Open : Open the program to communicate with it or get information about it. #PB_Program_Read : Read the programs console output. (stdout) #PB_Program_Write : Write to the input of the program. (stdin) #PB_Program_Error : Read the error output of the program. (stderr) #PB_Program_Connect: Connect another programs output to this programs input. #PB_Program_Ascii : Default read/write operation are in ASCII mode (default in ASCII mode). #PB_Program_Unicode: Default read/write operation are in Unicode mode. #PB_Program_UTF8 : Default read/write operation are in UTF8 mode (default in unicode mode).A program executed with #PB_Program_Open must be closed with CloseProgram(). The 'Read', 'Write', 'Error' and 'Connect' flags require the #PB_Program_Open flag to be set as well.
When using the #PB_Program_Connect flag, another program must have been started before with #PB_Program_Open and #PB_Program_Read. The number returned when running this program must be passed as the 'SenderProgram' parameter to RunProgram(). The output of the sender program will be sent directly to the input of the now executed program. Several programs may be connected in this way, to 'pipe' data through that group of connected programs.
The following functions may be used with a program that has been executed with the #PB_Program_Open flag:
- IsProgram(): check if the program number represents a valid program executed by RunProgram().
- ProgramID(): returns the OS ProcessID for the program.
- ProgramRunning(): check if the program is still running.
- WaitProgram(): wait for the program to end.
- KillProgram(): terminate the program.
- ProgramExitCode(): get the exitcode of the program.
- CloseProgram(): close the connection to the program.
The following functions may be used for programs executed with the 'Read', 'Write' and 'Error' flags:
- AvailableProgramOutput(): check if the programs output is available.
- ReadProgramString(): read a string from the programs output.
- ReadProgramData(): read data from the programs output.
- ReadProgramError(): read a string from the programs error output.
- WriteProgramString(): write a string to the programs input.
- WriteProgramData(): write data to the programs input.
返回值
Nonzero if the program has been successfully launched, zero otherwise.
If #PB_Program_Open was included in the Flags, the return-value is a number that identifies the program. It may be used in calls to get information about the program such as ReadProgramString() or ProgramExitCode() or other functions mentioned above.
示例
; Executes the PB compiler with the /? option and displays the output (windows version) ; For Linux/MacOS change the "/?" to "-h". ; Compiler = RunProgram(#PB_Compiler_Home+"/Compilers/pbcompiler", "/?", "", #PB_Program_Open | #PB_Program_Read) Output$ = "" If Compiler While ProgramRunning(Compiler) If AvailableProgramOutput(Compiler) Output$ + ReadProgramString(Compiler) + Chr(13) EndIf Wend Output$ + Chr(13) + Chr(13) Output$ + "Exitcode: " + Str(ProgramExitCode(Compiler)) CloseProgram(Compiler) ; Close the connection to the program EndIf MessageRequester("Output", Output$)On Windows RunProgram() uses the default application associated with the file type of the given file. An example: RunProgram("Test.html") will open the web browser, which is generally used for displaying web sites on your system.
已支持操作系统
所有


WITNESS LIST Natural Resources Committee April 22, 1997-3:09P HB 1802 For: Duck, Tommy (TRWA) On: Cowan, Andrea (Comptroller) Jordan, Mark (TNRCC) Knowles, Tommy (TWDB) Kowis, James (TNRCC) McKinney, Larry (TPWD) Schwartz, Suzanne (TWDB) Stansell, Wade (AECT) SB 1 For: Booth, Michael (himself) Ellis, Greg (EAA) Johnson, Russell S. (SAWS) On: Jordan, Mark (TNRCC) Knowles, Tommy (TWDB) Kowis, James (TNRCC) Schwartz, Suzanne (TWDB)


Starting in Curator 4.1, you can use environment variables in your configuration files.
An action file has the following structure:
--- # Remember, leave a key empty if there is no value. None will be a string, # not a Python "NoneType" # # Also remember that all examples have 'disable_action' set to True. If you # want to use this action as a template, be sure to set this to False after # copying it. actions: 1: action: ACTION1 description: OPTIONAL DESCRIPTION options: option1: value1 ... optionN: valueN continue_if_exception: False disable_action: True filters: - filtertype: *first* filter_element1: value1 ... filter_elementN: valueN - filtertype: *second* filter_element1: value1 ... filter_elementN: valueN 2: action: ACTION2 description: OPTIONAL DESCRIPTION options: option1: value1 ... optionN: valueN continue_if_exception: False disable_action: True filters: - filtertype: *first* filter_element1: value1 ... filter_elementN: valueN - filtertype: *second* filter_element1: value1 ... filter_elementN: valueN 3: action: ACTION3 ... 4: action: ACTION4 ...
It is a YAML configuration file. The root key must be actions
, after which
there can be any number of actions, nested underneath numbers. Actions will be
taken in the order they are completed.
The high-level elements of each numbered action are:
In the case of the alias action, there are two additional high-level
elements: add
and remove
, which are described in the alias action
documentation.
This is an optional description which can help describe what the action and its filters are supposed to do.
description: >- I can make the description span multiple lines by putting ">-" at the beginning of the line, as seen above. Subsequent lines must also be indented. options: option1: ...


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/nearly.20no_confusion.html ---
I spent some time with Chris at Xena last night trying to get to the bottom of no_confusion
. I seem to have a slightly simpler approach which gives what looks to me like everything we need for a proof of the idea that two nats are equal iff they were constructed using the same constructors in the same order.
inductive xnat | zero : xnat | succ : xnat → xnat open xnat def xnat_no_confusion_prop (s : xnat) (t : xnat) : Prop := xnat.rec (xnat.rec true (λ _ _,false) t) (λ m _,(xnat.rec false (λ n _,(m=n)) t)) s variables m n : xnat #reduce xnat_no_confusion_prop zero zero -- true #reduce xnat_no_confusion_prop (succ m) zero -- false #reduce xnat_no_confusion_prop zero (succ n) -- false #reduce xnat_no_confusion_prop (succ m) (succ n) -- (m = n) def xnat_no_confusion' (s t : xnat) (H : s = t) : xnat_no_confusion_prop s t := begin rw H, cases t with n, exact trivial, -- t = 0 show (n=n), -- t = succ n refl, end example : succ m = succ n → m = n := λ H, xnat_no_confusion' _ _ H example : ¬ succ m = zero := λ H, xnat_no_confusion' _ _ H ```
Here I prove injectivity of xnat.succ
and also that zero
is not a succ
using an easier variant of the no_confusion
/ no_confusion_type
strategy, where instead of carrying round a general sort P
I just use the relevant props.
Are there other applications of no_confusion_type
lemmas which go beyond this sort of "instance of inductive type is uniquely determined by how it was constructed" sort of thing? Or am I missing something else? Why is this sort P
used?
I'm writing a blog post about all this no_confusion
stuff and I was somehow expecting for this to come out in the wash but it didn't, so I need to think of something coherent to say about why the general sort P is involved before I post.
was mcbride's paper on no confusion
not helpful?
I either don't know this paper, or I looked at it before and at the time it was too much for me. Having actually spent some time thinking about no_confusion_type now perhaps I can ask you for a link to this paper in the hope that I can get something from it?
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d224/e96c59a81a471625faf87118b6299094e1e4.pdf section 7.3
http://strictlypositive.org/thesis.pdf page 136
mcbride's phd thesis is definitely hard going
i had to sit and stare at it for awhile, and i still don't fully understand it :sweat_smile:
Well I am not an expert but it seems to me that what McBride is defining on p136ff is what is implemented in Lean.
Maybe I should just post my blog post. Hang on.
I think the reason no_confusion
uses a general sort instead of using the consequent m = n
directly is because the number of conclusions varies with the constructors, so that for list
it would be something like cons a l = cons a' l' -> a = a' /\ l = l'
, which is a bit less natural to define inductively since the 0-ary case gets special consideration, and it also relies on the definition and
which may not be available yet. As it is defined normally no_confusion
for an arbitrary type needs nothing except the basics of DTT, plus eq
and heq
(which comes up when there are dependencies, for example sigma.mk a b = sigma.mk a' b' -> a = a' /\ b == b'
where the latter equality involves b : B a
and b' : B a'
which are different types.
https://xenaproject.wordpress.com/2018/03/24/no-confusion-over-no_confusion/
I'll perhaps add some comments about what you said above, later.
Here's another interesting story to do with no_confusion:
inductive {u} mystery : Sort u | A : mystery | B : mystery def confused : Type := mystery def confused.A : confused := mystery.A def confused.B : confused := mystery.B open confused theorem A_ne_B_attempt_1 : A ≠ B := λ h, mystery.no_confusion h --fails: no_confusion not defined theorem A_ne_B_attempt_2 : A ≠ B := λ h, by cases h -- now I have to prove ⊢ false? theorem A_ne_B_attempt_3.no_confusion_type : mystery → mystery → Type | mystery.A mystery.A := _ -- already fails, can't case on mystery | mystery.B mystery.A := _ | mystery.A mystery.B := _ | mystery.A mystery.B := _ #print mystery.rec -- protected eliminator tc.mystery.rec : ∀ {C : mystery → Prop}, -- C mystery.A → C mystery.B → ∀ (n : mystery), C n -- -- Hm, the recursor only eliminates to Prop, so we can't -- define functions like no_confusion_type -- Maybe we can prove they are equal instead? If it was a Prop -- they would be equal by proof irrelevance... theorem A_eq_B_attempt_1 : A = B := rfl --nope
The punch line is that confused
is a type with two elements A
and B
, for which it is impossible to prove whether they are equal or not
By the way in the blog post you could have defined mytype_equal
like so:
def mytype_equal : mytype → mytype → Prop | mytype.AA mytype.AA := true | mytype.AA mytype.ZZ := false | mytype.ZZ mytype.AA := false | mytype.ZZ mytype.ZZ := true
Not sure if you were deliberately showing off other ways to construct it
Re: the one-sided inverse, that approach actually does work in general, as a "partial projection". So for example you could define head l : option A
when l : list A
, to return none
on the empty list and a
on a::l
. In general, you have an inductive type with several constructors, each of which has several arguments, and you can project each element of each constructor in an option
, returning none
if the wrong constructor is passed in and some a
where a
is the appropriate argument to the constructor otherwise. You can reconstruct the cases_on
theorem using all these projections.
Aah excellent, I will beef up the post tomorrow
Thanks!
PS Do you think I'm wasting my time trying to get to the bottom of things like this? I am currently thinking about getting to the bottom of something else I've always been confused by -- "using-well-founded" (the error you get when you try and define something by recursion but things are slightly too convoluted for the elaborator(?) to figure out that what you're doing will definitely terminate after a finite time). Currently the only way I know how to figure stuff out is to look at the source code and then work stuff out by experimenting. My plan, like the no-confusion post, would be to work out some simple examples, and basically write some docs and either PR them to mathlib docs or blog about them. But when Lean 4 comes is there every chance that everything I write about these sorts of "obscure" parts of Lean will be no longer relevant?
I think I'm right in saying that using_well_founded is not mentioned in either the reference manual or TPIL (like no_confusion).
Re : mystery
-- why is it any different to bool
? It clearly is:
inductive {u} mystery : Sort u | A : mystery | B : mystery #print prefix mystery inductive bool' | TT : bool' | FF : bool' #print prefix bool'
we get bool'.no_confusion
but no mystery.no_confusion
; and bool.rec
eliminates to any Sort whereas mystery.rec
only eliminates to Prop
. Why is this?
Because mystery
can inhabit multiple types including Prop
and when it does, it's a bit like or
. If you could eliminate to anything other than Prop
, you could affect the behavior of a program with just a proof
for example:
def prog : mystery.{0} -> nat | A := 0 | B := 1
wouldn't make sense because of proof irrelevance
I see. The whole point is that mystery is allowed to be a Prop so everything is paranoid. You guys should get classical.
it's not a waste of time. some version of well-founded recursion will be in lean 4
what might change is the exact syntax / using_well_founded
, so perhaps you could discuss doing it manually using well_founded.fix
I know even less about well_founded.fix
.
i don't know much either about the fixed points of functions, so i would avidly read your blog post :)
it's a way of expressing well-founded induction
You should use Coq, everything seems to be defined using Fixpoint there.
Hey, I now realise I don't even understand Lean's definition of nat.div and I am supposed to be a professor of number theory :-/
Maybe this was mentioned in TPIL...
Maybe it's time I read TPIL Chapter 8 again in fact.
Coq just uses the keyword Fixpoint
to express Definition
that can recurse, there's not much difference from Lean's def
The big difference is that Lean takes care of well founded recursion for you
regarding the div example in TPIL, I wish jeremy had pattern matched on y, it would have been clearer then IMO
Except for when it doesn't and then you're stuck with quoted tactics and such :(.
Coq has a better solution to provin gtermination.
Not to mention that Coq can in some cases help you show your relation is well founded. Then you're left with proof of termination only.
Right -- this is what I see with using_well_founded
-- I am having to actually write a tactic (or know about the "`[" trick)
I don't know whether as a mathematician I should care about this
The reason I currently care is that I have been reading software foundations
and I defined a positive integer as an inductive type using binary notation: three constructors one
, double x
and double_and_then_add_one x
and when I tried to define addition on these things, I have trouble doing (2x+1)+(2y+1)
regarding the div example in TPIL, I wish jeremy had pattern matched on y, it would have been clearer then IMO
A clearer way to present that definition of division can be found:
I believe nat
has access to very little tactic machinery so they have to be frugal there.
i think it's worth caring about using well_founded.fix
by hand, just like no_confusion
it's applicable whenever you're doing complicated induction
Coq just asks for proofs of well foundedness and termination (according some decreasing measure).
Yes, as an end user I forget all about this "what is the actual state of Lean when this object is being made" stuff. For example with no_confusion I was thinking "why not just return a=a' and L=L'" for list.no_confusion_type (a::L) (a'::L')
Lean has this weird way of requiring tactics.
and then Mario points out that and
might not be defined at this point. Oops.
@Moses Schönfinkel Is it only weird because you are used to the Coq way? i.e. are you saying "I don't like it because I know Coq and Lean is different", or "I don't like it because I know Coq and Lean is worse for this sort of thing"
It's worse because you can barely see the state of what you're proving, given it's in a tactic monad. All your feedback is nested exceptions from within the quoted tactics block.
In Coq those are first-class proofs.
So instead of a type you need to find a term for, in Lean you're asked to provide tactics.
yes, i agree, i always end up writing out everything using well_founded.fix
just so it's easier to read
i'm glad it's not just my poor Lean programming skills, haha
Would defining addition on that binary type I mentioned above be easier in Coq? How hard is it in Lean?
(the inductive type with constructors one, double and double_then_add_one)
i remember doing that exercise and trying to solve it by defining a coercion to nat. the trouble is you can have an infinite sequence of doub doub doub doub doub zero
and you need to normalize the expression before you can do so
I decided that zero was a bad thing to have, I started at one
then every positive integer is uniquely represented
and there is no confusion
that's cheating! haha
the same problem arises in the construction of the integers, where the pair (1,0) is the same as (2,1), but you need some way to say they are equivalent
I remember doing it in Coq, I am not sure if it would be at all more difficult to do in Lean.
I solved the problem Kevin and Andrew were talking about.
lemma sizeof_pos : ∀ n : pint, 0 < pint.sizeof n | one := dec_trivial | (d m) := by unfold pint.sizeof; rw add_comm; exact succ_pos _ | (da m) := by unfold pint.sizeof; rw add_comm; exact succ_pos _ def padd2 : pint → pint → pint | one one := d one | one (d m) := da m | one (da m) := d (padd2 one m) | (d n) one := da n | (d n) (d m) := d (padd2 n m) | (d n) (da m) := da (padd2 n m) | (da n) one := d (padd2 n one) | (da n) (d m) := da (padd2 n m) | (da n) (da m):= have h : 0 < pint.sizeof n, from sizeof_pos _, d (padd2 one (padd2 n m))
The order of arguments in the final case matters, I think because in the default well-founded relation on Σ' p : pint, pint
, ⟨one, padd2 n m⟩ ≺ ⟨da n, da m⟩
, but not necessarily ⟨padd2 n m, one⟩ ≺ ⟨da n, da m⟩
I'm not sure why it wanted me to prove sizeof n
was pos however, but that was the goal that came up in the error message.
@Kevin Buzzard You should look at mathlib num
type, which is binary naturals just as you are describing. You don't need wf recursion for any of the definitions
yeah, iirc that exercise asks you to define nat_to_bin
and bin_to_nat
. Once you've proven there is a bijection between the binary naturals and the"traditional" naturals, you can use nat addition on the binary numbers
this is hard to do if you don't have zero
it's harder to do if you do have zero
because double double double zero is zero
so bijectivity fails much worse
bijective binary to the rescue
ok it's literally inside the name
yeah, handling the doub doub doub zero
case is the real trick to the problem
or you can just surject to the naturals and quotient
i solved it a long time ago, let me see if i can find my solution, maybe...
literally a~b iff f(a)=f(b)
(deleted)
I only defined the map one way. Did it ask you for the other way later on?
so, it seems they've made many of the exercises different / a little easier in the new edition
the original problem was a 4 star advanced take you all day to complete if you're a learner hair-raiser
at least it was for me
which is why i remember some of the details about it
They dumbed down for the kids?
not too badly! and i agree with dumbing it down, it's an introductory text
i can't imagine teaching yourself from the original software foundations without guidance or help
i eventually found somebody's homework solutions online and figured out how to solve it
ahh, yes
http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/~bjhua/courses/theory/2012/slides/lec1notes.html
once you've normalized your binary number, then you can create a bijection, and life is good again
literally a~b iff f(a)=f(b)
if only i had known at the time. they didn't talk much about equivalence relations in engineering school
and if SF had started talking about how bin_to_nat
was onto but not one-to-one, I doubt many undergraduates would know what that really meant
That's funny. I teach that to maths undergraduates in year 1 term 1. And equivalence relations.
I remember learning that in first year of university too, in discrete math
i never had to take discrete math, I was an electrical engineer
(I did CS and not engineering though, if that makes a difference)
instead there was a 2 semester sequence on fourier transforms
where we basically learned very little theory and a lot of how to compute various integrals
i may have mentioned this before but i have issues with how they teach math in engineering school :)
It seems common that people who like math don't get enough of it in engineering school.
yes, we get a lot of boring computation instead
my linear algebra class was basically doing a lot of gauss-jordan elimination and calculating eigenvectors by hand
which ends up being completely a waste of time since no working engineer would ever do these things without a computer
Mine was like that too. I've never missed my calculator more than in that class
The follow up class was about numerical methods for linear algebra so I guess I should have been happy to do some implementation. I was not easy to satisfy I guess
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


A owner of the old thatched hut
Is also changed to another
It’s the Doll’s Festival
Basho
草の戸も 住替る代ぞ ひなの家
Kusa no to mo/ Sumikawaru yo zo/ Hina no ieA owner of the old thatched hut
Is also changed to another
It’s the Doll’s Festival
Yosa
春雨や ものがたりゆ 蓑と傘
Harusame ya/ Monogatari-yuku/ Mino to kasaThe spring rain.
Talking and passing


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Contents


Outputs partials from wavetable.
Traditionaly a wavetable is a list of single-cycle waves, and you can modulate which wave is being outputted. Flow doesn't have waves: instead Flow's wavetable is a list of sets f partials: the effect is the same.
The Wavetable module can load wavetables from .WAV files. A good source of these files is waveeditonline.com You can also load a raw sound sample as a .WAV file, and it will be treated as a wavetable, creating a vocoder effect.


This page serves to explore the basic interface with the Nearley JS parser.
Example: 7 * x * 5 * 173
7 * x * 5 * 173
Return to index.


Cambridge English Preliminary
Writing section
- Uziel Silva Espino
- Giovana Durán González
- Suany Ester Albarran Hernández
- Alicia del Rocío Ramírez San Román
First of all
- Write answers clearly and legible
- Focusing on the central theme, avoid irrelevant information
- IMPORTANT: Part three is the most valuable part(15 points of 25)
- Manage your time


Source Code Visualization
Looking at the history of your project is important. Clicking on the radio button to see entire history.
Time Interval:
All DataStart Date:
End Date:
Looking at the history of your project is important. Clicking on the radio button to see entire history.


Based on the question in the textbook, please select the
1st
appropriate account from the board.
SELECTION
ACCOUNT
ENTITY
CORRECTION
EDIT
EDIT
AccounX Accounting Tool
ASSETS
(Owns)
Current Assets
(Short Term)
Trading Stock
Debitors Control
Bank
(Debit Balance)
Cash Float
Non-Current Assets
(Long Term)
Financial Assets
Fixed Deposit
Non-Current Assets
(Long Term)
Fixed/Tangible Assets
Land & Buildings
Vehicles
Equipment
LIABILITIES
(Owes)
Current liabilities
(LongTerm)
Creditors Control
Bank
(Credit Balance Overdraft)
Short Term Loan
Non Current liabilities
(LongTerm)
Mortgage Bond
Long Term Loan
OWNER EQUITY
(Wealth of the owner)
Capital
Drawings
INCOME
(Receipt)
Training Business
Main Income
Sales
Other Income
Rent Income
Service Business
Main/Current Income
Services Rendered
Commission Income
EXPENSE
(Running costs)
Material Costs
Debtors-Allowances
Water & Electricity
Wages & Salaries
Cost of Sales
Rent Expense
Advertising
Fuel
Repairs
Packing Material
Stationary
Insurance
Trading License
Telephone
NEXT


W
- the type of window being managedpublic interface ActiveWindowSet<W extends BoundedWindow>
When windows are merged we must also merge their state. For example, we may need to
concatenate buffered elements, sum a count of elements, or find a new minimum timestamp.
If we start with two windows Wa
and Wb
and later discover they should be
merged into window Wab
then, naively, we must copy and merge the states of Wa
and Wab
into Wab
.
However, the common case for merging windows is for a new window to be merged into an
existing window. Thus, if Wa
is the existing window and Wb
the new window it
is more efficient to leave the state for Wa
where it is, and simply redirect Wab
to it. In this case we say Wab
has a state address window of Wa
.
Even if windows Wa
and Wb
already have state, it can still be more efficient
to append the state of Wb
onto Wa
rather than copy the state from Wa
and Wb
into Wab
.
We use the following terminology for windows:
WindowFn.mergeWindows(org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.WindowFn<T, W>.MergeContext)
, and so don't yet know
whether the window will be be merged into another NEW or ACTIVE window, or will
become an ACTIVE window in its own right.
If no windows will ever be merged we can use the trivial implementation NonMergingActiveWindowSet
. Otherwise, the actual implementation of this data structure is in
MergingActiveWindowSet
.
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
static interface |
ActiveWindowSet.MergeCallback<W extends BoundedWindow>
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
addActiveForTesting(W window)
If
window is not already known to be ACTIVE then add it as ACTIVE. |
void |
cleanupTemporaryWindows()
Remove any remaining NEW windows since they were not promoted to being ACTIVE
by
ensureWindowIsActive(W) and we don't need to record anything about them. |
void |
ensureWindowExists(W window)
Called when an incoming element indicates it is a member of
window , but before we
have started processing that element. |
void |
ensureWindowIsActive(W window)
Called when a NEW or ACTIVE window is now known to be ACTIVE.
|
Set<W> |
getActiveAndNewWindows()
Return (a view of) the set of currently ACTIVE and NEW windows.
|
boolean |
isActive(W window)
Return
true if window is ACTIVE. |
boolean |
isActiveOrNew(W window)
Return
true if window is ACTIVE or NEW. |
void |
merge(ActiveWindowSet.MergeCallback<W> mergeCallback)
Invoke
WindowFn.mergeWindows(org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.WindowFn<T, W>.MergeContext) on the WindowFn associated with this window set,
merging as many of the NEW and ACTIVE windows as possible. |
void |
merged(W window)
Signal that all state in
readStateAddresses(W) for window has been merged into
the writeStateAddress(W) for window . |
W |
mergedWriteStateAddress(Collection<W> toBeMerged,
W mergeResult)
Return the state address window into which all new state should be written after
ACTIVE windows
toBeMerged have been merged into mergeResult . |
void |
persist()
Save any state changes needed.
|
Set<W> |
readStateAddresses(W window)
Return the state address windows for ACTIVE
window from which all state associated
should be read and merged. |
void |
remove(W window)
Remove
window from the set. |
W |
writeStateAddress(W window)
Return the state address window of ACTIVE
window into which all new state should be
written. |
void cleanupTemporaryWindows()
ensureWindowIsActive(W)
and we don't need to record anything about them.void persist()
Set<W> getActiveAndNewWindows()
boolean isActive(W window)
true
if window
is ACTIVE.boolean isActiveOrNew(W window)
true
if window
is ACTIVE or NEW.void ensureWindowExists(W window)
window
, but before we
have started processing that element. If window
is not already known to be ACTIVE,
then add it as NEW.void ensureWindowIsActive(W window)
void addActiveForTesting(W window)
window
is not already known to be ACTIVE then add it as ACTIVE.
For testing only.void remove(W window)
window
from the set.void merge(ActiveWindowSet.MergeCallback<W> mergeCallback) throws Exception
WindowFn.mergeWindows(org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.WindowFn<T, W>.MergeContext)
on the WindowFn
associated with this window set,
merging as many of the NEW and ACTIVE windows as possible. mergeCallback
will be
invoked for each group of windows that are merged. After this all merge result windows will
be ACTIVE, and all windows which have been merged away will be neither ACTIVE nor NEW.Exception
void merged(W window)
readStateAddresses(W)
for window
has been merged into
the writeStateAddress(W)
for window
.Set<W> readStateAddresses(W window)
window
from which all state associated
should be read and merged.W writeStateAddress(W window)
window
into which all new state should be
written. Always one of the results of readStateAddresses(W)
.W mergedWriteStateAddress(Collection<W> toBeMerged, W mergeResult)
toBeMerged
have been merged into mergeResult
.Copyright © 2016 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.


| JCC-DM 2020 |
VIII Jornadas de Cloud Computing, Big Data and Emerging Topics |
2020/09/08 |
2020/09/10 |
Free |
WebEx,
Youtube
|
| QUATIC 2020 |
13th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology |
2020/09/08 |
2020/09/11 |
40 (EUR) |
Zoom
|
| ICSOC 2020 |
18th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing |
2020/12/14 |
2020/12/17 |
Free |
Not available
|
| CARLA 2020 |
7th Latin America High Performance Computing Conference |
2020/09/07 |
2020/09/17 |
Free |
Zoom
|
| ECAI 2020 |
24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence |
2020/08/29 |
2020/09/08 |
Free |
Zoom
|
| ECSA 2020 |
14th European Conference on Software Architecture |
2020/09/14 |
2020/09/18 |
Free |
Microsoft Teams platform
|
| EDCC 2020 |
16th European Dependable Computing Conference |
2020/09/07 |
2020/09/10 |
Free
|
Not available |
| SICC 2020 |
XIII Seminario Internacional de Ciencias de la Computación |
2020/10/13 |
2020/10/13 |
Free
|
Not available |
| CLEI 2020 |
XLVI CONFERENCIA LATINOAMERICANA DE INFORMÁTICA |
2020/10/19 |
2020/10/23 |
Free
|
Not available |
| ICCL 2020 |
International Conference on Computational Logistics |
2020/09/28 |
2020/09/30 |
100 EUR
|
Not available |
| JCC 2020 |
XXXIX Jornadas Chilenas de Computación |
2020/11/16 |
2020/11/20 |
Ver
|
Not available |


More details about the elements of a OMLFlow
can be found in the
XSD scheme.
makeOMLFlow(flow.id = NA_integer_, uploader = NA_integer_, name,
version = NA_character_, external.version = NA_character_,
description, creator = NA_character_, contributor = NA_character_,
upload.date = NA_character_, licence = NA_character_,
language = "English", full.description = NA_character_,
installation.notes = NA_character_, dependencies = NA_character_,
bibliographical.reference = NULL, implements = NA_character_,
parameters = NULL, components = NULL, qualities = NULL,
tags = NA_character_, source.url = NA_character_,
binary.url = NA_character_, source.format = NA_character_,
binary.format = NA_character_, source.md5 = NA_character_,
binary.md5 = NA_character_, source.path = NA_character_,
binary.path = NA_character_, object = NULL)
Arguments
| flow.id |
[integer(1) ]
ID of the flow. Generated by the server, based on name and version of the flow.
Ignored when uploaded manually. |
| uploader |
[integer(1) ]
The user that uploaded the flow. Added by the server. Ignored when uploaded manually. |
| name |
[character(1) ]
The name of the flow. Name-version combinations should be unique.
Allowed characters: () [] a-z A-Z 0-9 . _ - + |
| version |
[character(1) ]
The version of the flow. Default is 1.0. Ignored at upload time. |
| external.version |
[character(1) ]
An external version, defined by the user. In combination with the name, it must be unique. |
| description |
[character(1) ]
A user description of the flow. |
| creator |
[character ]
Optional. The persons/institutions that created the flow. |
| contributor |
[character ]
Optional. (Minor) contributors to the workflow |
| upload.date |
[character(1) ]
The date on which the flow was uploaded.
Format YYYY-mm-ddThh:MM:SS.
Added by the server. Ignored when uploaded manually. |
| licence |
[character(1) ]
Optional. Default is none, meaning Public Domain or "don't know/care". |
| language |
[character(1) ]
Optional. Starts with one upper case letter, rest is lower case. Default is English. |
| full.description |
[character(1) ]
Optional. Full description of the workflow, e.g, man pages filled in by tool.
This is a much more elaborate description than given in the 'description field'. It may include
information about all components of the workflow. |
| installation.notes |
[character(1) ]
Optional. Additional hints on how to run the flow. |
| dependencies |
[character(1) ]
Optional. The dependencies of the flow. |
| bibliographical.reference |
[list ]
An optional list containing information on bibliographical references in form of
OMLBibRef . |
| implements |
[character(1) ]
Ontological reference. |
| parameters |
[list ]
The parameters of the flow. A list containing
OMLFlowParameters . |
| components |
[list ]
A list containing OMLFlows . Typically components of a workflow or
subfunctions of an algorithm (e.g. kernels). Components can have their own parameters. |
| qualities |
[list ]
Qualities of the algorithm. Each member of the list is an OMLFlowQuality . |
| tags |
[character ]
Tags describing the algorithm. |
| source.url |
[character(1) ]
URL from which the source code can be downloaded. Added by the server. Ignored when uploaded manually. |
| binary.url |
[character(1) ]
URL from which the binary can be downloaded. Added by the server. Ignored when uploaded manually. |
| source.format |
[character(1) ]
Format of the source file. |
| binary.format |
[character(1) ]
Format of the binary file. |
| source.md5 |
[character(1) ]
MD5 checksum to check if the source code was uploaded correctly. |
| binary.md5 |
[character(1) ]
MD5 checksum to check if the binary code was uploaded correctly. |
| source.path |
[character(1) ]
The path to the cached source file, once getOMLFlow was run. |
| binary.path |
[character(1) ]
The path to the cached binary file, once getOMLFlow was run. |
| object |
[any ]
(optional) Any R object referring to the flow. |
See also


The escape character '\' can be used when necessary to escape the following characters:
$ , { }
WARNING: It is possible to cause {@link java.lang.StackOverflowError StackOverflowErrors} if
your nested variables result in a recursive loop (e.g. the environment variable
'MYPROPERTY' has the value '$E{MYPROPERTY}').
So don't do that!
As a general rule, this class tries to be as efficient as possible by not creating new strings when not
needed.
For example, calling the resolve method on a string that doesn't contain variables (e.g.
resolver.resolve("foobar")) will simply be a no-op and return the same string.


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Birthday pic author: display_name: vishvendra login: vishvendra email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: vishvendra author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 75 wordpress_url: https://www.vishvendrasingh.com/?p=75 date: '2015-11-07 15:57:01 +0530' date_gmt: '2015-11-07 15:57:01 +0530' categories: - About Me - Common tags: - Common comments: [] ---
Birthday night with Abhijeet,moiz, manish moiz and suraj. Many other but somehow managed to take this photo


HINDI
ENG
FAQs
Policies
Home
Policies
directions_car
Motor Insurance
flight_takeoff
Travel Insurance
local_hospital
Health Insurance
storefront
Shopkeepers' Insurance
person
Personal Insurance
whatshot
Fire Insurance
directions_boat
Marine Insurance
file_copy
Other Policies


Wow, it has been already more than a week since my last blog post on here,
but to me it has only felt like a few days. I guess I have an excuse tho,
since over thhe long weekend (civic holiday), my parents came to visit from
toronto, and I trained over to meet them there.
We did the usual toronto things, like go to the CN tower, visit niagara falls,
uot, browse uniqlo graphic tees (which were really nice by the way!) etc. The
two days went by very quickly. Then, they drove all the way here to Ottawa to
cook some meals for me and stay take a look around Ottawa for a day or two as
well.
It went pretty much as expected - I had a lot of fun spending time with my
brother again, and being with my family was also really enjoyable. However,
one thing that really stuck out to me that I really didn't consider was how
much I missed my parents. How much my parents' and my brother's unconditional
love really meant to me. Sure, we had a few arguments over where we should park
in downtown Toronto (traffic really is even a bigger mess there than in vancouver)
and also about whether or not marijuana should be legalized (I really think that
if alcohol and cigarettes are already legal, marijuana should fall under the same
umbrella), but for the most part, I be as genuine to my true self as physically
possible.
I consider myself to be a pretty introverted guy (I guess I'm not really sure
if I'm just introverted, or just really shy, or maybe both), but I do feel like
I could keep up a conversation if I was forced to, BUT BY BEING INOFFENSIVE. I
think that's my biggest problem. When I talk to others, I'm so busy obssessing
over how other people will feel about what I say that I often just take the
inoffensive route and not say anything at all. This is not to say that I DON'T
open up to people at all, but I do feel like it's a major roadblock when it comes
to meeting new people (which I'm doing on coop!), and is pretty exhausting.
However, in front of my parents, I genuinely feel so at home, and so unconditionally
loved that I don't to put up any "walls" so to speak.
And I'm really going to miss that feeling of being completely free and surrounded
by people that love me for the next four months. Being at home alone, cooking your
own meals, and being self-sufficient with everyone around you expecting you to be
excelling at your coop (which, might I add, technically speaking, I'd say I'm doing
pretty good 😉) really takes its toll on me personally.
I guess this is sort of a depressing blog entry, but hopefully in the future, I can
come back to this, look at it, and smile, shaking my head at how naive I am now.
But I do feel like what I'm writing does hold a grain of truth for me in my current
state. Perhaps it is also due to other issues that I won't go into right now that's
causing me to write in such a pessimistic fashion. O well, you know what they say,
life's a rollercoaster!


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