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Biomedical Image Analysis Library
The Biomedical Image Analysis Library is a poweful tool for developers, physicians, researchers, engineers, and so on.
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The Image class is used to handle N-Dimensional images, and has support to Read and Write image files. More...
#include <Adjacency.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| Image () | |
| Basic Constructor. More... | |
| Image (const Vector< size_t > &spc_dim) | |
| Basic Constructor. Two to three dimensions. More... | |
| Image (D *new_data, const Vector< size_t > &new_dim) | |
| Basic Constructor. Two to four dimensions. This constructor works as a wrapper for data already allocated. It will use the same space pointed by new_data to manipulate the image. Use this for compatibility with other data structures, in a easy convertion to Image class. More... | |
| Image (const Vector< size_t > &spc_dim, const Vector< float > &pixel_size) | |
| Basic Constructor. More... | |
| Image (size_t spc_dim_0, size_t spc_dim_1) | |
| Basic Constructor for 2D image. More... | |
| Image (size_t spc_dim_0, size_t spc_dim_1, size_t spc_dim_2) | |
| Basic Constructor for 3D image. More... | |
| Image (const Matrix< D > &mtx) | |
| Basic Constructor for 3D image. More... | |
| Image (const Matrix< D > &mtx, const Vector< float > &pixel_size) | |
| Basic Constructor for 3D image. More... | |
| template<class D2 > | |
| Image (const Image< D2 > &img) | |
| Copy constructor. More... | |
| Image (const Image< D > &img) | |
| Copy Constructor. More... | |
| Image (Image< D > &&img) | |
| Move Constructor. More... | |
| ~Image () | |
| Image< D > & | operator= (const Image< D > &other) |
| Assigns 'other'image to this image. More... | |
| Image< D > & | operator= (Image< D > &&other) |
| Assigns 'other'image to this image, moving the content. More... | |
| Image< D > & | operator= (D scalar) |
| Assigns scalar to all image pixels. More... | |
| template<class D2 > | |
| Image< D > & | operator= (const Image< D2 > &other) |
| Assigns 'other'image to this image. More... | |
| const D & | operator[] (size_t p) const |
| Returns a constant reference of data pointed by index p. Same as operator()( p ). More... | |
| D & | operator[] (size_t p) |
| Returns the reference for data pointed by index p. Same as operator()( p ). More... | |
| const D & | operator() (size_t p) const |
| Returns constant reference of data pointed by index p. It has the same effect as operator data[ p ]. More... | |
| D & | operator() (size_t p) |
| Returns the reference for data pointed by index p. It has the same effect as operator data[ p ]. More... | |
| const D & | operator() (size_t p_0, size_t p_1) const |
| Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p_0, p_1 ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] ]. More... | |
| D & | operator() (size_t p_0, size_t p_1) |
| Returns the reference for data pointed by index ( p_0, p_1 ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] ]. More... | |
| const D & | operator() (size_t p_0, size_t p_1, size_t p_2) const |
| Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p_0, p_1, p_2 ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] + p_2 * dim_size[ 0 ] * dim_size[ 1 ] ]. More... | |
| D & | operator() (size_t p_0, size_t p_1, size_t p_2) |
| Returns the reference for data pointed by index ( p_0, p_1 ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] + p_2 * dim_size[ 0 ] * dim_size[ 1 ] ]. More... | |
| const D & | operator() (const Vector< size_t > &p) const |
| Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p[ 0 ], p[ 1 ], [ p[ 2 ] ] ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] + [ p_2 * dim_size[ 0 ] * dim_size[ 1 ] ] ]. More... | |
| D & | operator() (const Vector< size_t > &p) |
| Returns a reference of data pointed by index ( p[ 0 ], p[ 1 ], [ p[ 2 ] ] ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] + [ p_2 * dim_size[ 0 ] * dim_size[ 1 ] ] ]. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::iterator | begin () noexcept |
| Returns iterator begin() of data. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::const_iterator | begin () const noexcept |
| Returns const_iterator begin() of data Vector. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::iterator | end () noexcept |
| Returns iterator end() of data. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::const_iterator | end () const noexcept |
| Returns const_iterator end() of data. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::reverse_iterator | rbegin () noexcept |
| Returns the iterator rbegin() of data Vector. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::const_reverse_iterator | rbegin () const noexcept |
| Returns const_iterator rbegin() of data Vector. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::reverse_iterator | rend () noexcept |
| Returns iterator rend() of data Vector. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::const_reverse_iterator | rend () const noexcept |
| Returns const_iterator rend() of data Vector. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::const_iterator | cbegin () const noexcept |
| Returns the iterator cbegin() of data Vector. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::const_iterator | cend () const noexcept |
| Returns the iterator cend() of data Vector. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::const_reverse_iterator | crbegin () const noexcept |
| Returns the iterator crbegin() of data Vector. More... | |
| std::vector< D >::const_reverse_iterator | crend () const noexcept |
| Returns the iterator crend() of data Vector. More... | |
| const Matrix< D > & | DataMatrix () const |
| Returns a pointer to data in Matrix. More... | |
| Matrix< D > & | DataMatrix () |
| Returns a pointer to data in Matrix. More... | |
| const D * | Data () const |
| Returns a pointer to data in Matrix. More... | |
| D * | Data () |
| Returns a pointer to data in Matrix. More... | |
| const D * | data () const |
| Returns a pointer to data in Matrix. More... | |
| D * | data () |
| Returns a pointer to data in Matrix. More... | |
| size_t | Size () const |
| Returns the image size. More... | |
| size_t | size () const |
| Returns the image size. Same as Size( ), just for compatibility with std containers. More... | |
| size_t | Coordinate (size_t position, size_t dimension) const |
| Returns the coordinate of position in given dimension. More... | |
| Vector< size_t > | Coordinates (size_t position) const |
| Returns the coordinates of the input position in this image. More... | |
| size_t | Position (size_t p_0, size_t p_1) const |
| Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image. More... | |
| size_t | Position (size_t p_0, size_t p_1, size_t p_2) const |
| Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image. More... | |
| size_t | Position (const Vector< size_t > &coordinates) const |
| Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image. More... | |
| size_t | Position (const Vector< int > &coordinates) const |
| Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image. More... | |
| size_t | Position (const Vector< float > &coordinates) const |
| Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image. More... | |
| void | Set (D val) |
| Sets val to each element of the entire image. More... | |
| Vector< size_t > | Dim () const |
| Returns a Vector with image dimensions. More... | |
| size_t | MinDim () const |
| Returns the minimum size among dimensions. More... | |
| size_t | MaxDim () const |
| Returns the maximum size among dimensions. More... | |
| size_t | Size (size_t dms) const |
| Returns image dimension dms. More... | |
| size_t | size (size_t dms) const |
| Returns image dimension dms. Just for symmetry with size( ) and Size( ) functions. More... | |
| size_t | Dims () const |
| Returns the number of dimensions of the image. More... | |
| size_t | Displacement (size_t dms) const |
| Returns the position displacement of one unit in dimension dms. More... | |
| const D & | at (size_t p) const |
| Reads the constant reverence of value contained at position p of data Vector. More... | |
| D & | at (size_t p) |
| Reads the value contained at position p of data Vector and returns its reference. More... | |
| const D & | at (size_t p_0, size_t p_1) const |
| Reads the constant reverence of value contained at position p_0, p_1 of data Vector. More... | |
| D & | at (size_t p_0, size_t p_1) |
| Reads the value contained at position p_0, p_1 of data Vector and returns its reference. More... | |
| const D & | at (size_t p_0, size_t p_1, size_t p_2) const |
| Reads the constant reverence of value contained at position p_0, p_1, p_2 of data Vector. More... | |
| D & | at (size_t p_0, size_t p_1, size_t p_2) |
| Reads the value contained at position p_0, p_1, p_2 of data Vector and returns its reference. More... | |
| const D & | at (size_t p_0, size_t p_1, size_t p_2, size_t p_3) const |
| Reads the constant reverence of value contained at position p_0, p_1, p_2, p_3 of data Vector. More... | |
| D & | at (size_t p_0, size_t p_1, size_t p_2, size_t p_3) |
| Reads the value contained at position p_0, p_1, p_2, p_3 of data Vector and returns its reference. More... | |
| const D & | at (const Vector< size_t > &p) const |
| Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p[ 0 ], p[ 1 ], p[ 2 ], ... ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * acc_dim_size[ 0 ] + p_2 * acc_dim_size[ 1 ] ... ]. More... | |
| D & | at (const Vector< size_t > &p) |
| Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p[ 0 ], p[ 1 ], p[ 2 ], ... ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * acc_dim_size[ 0 ] + p_2 * acc_dim_size[ 1 ] ... ]. More... | |
| Vector< float > | PixelSize () const |
| Returns a Vector with all pixel dimensions. More... | |
| void | PixelSize (const Vector< float > &val) |
| Update pixel dimensions. More... | |
| float | PixelSize (size_t dms) const |
| Returns pixel dimension dms. More... | |
| void | PixelSize (size_t dms, float val) |
| Assigns val to pixel dimension dms. More... | |
| bool | ValidCoordinate (const Vector< size_t > &pxl) const |
| Verifies if a given pixel coordinate is in image domain. More... | |
| bool | ValidCoordinate (size_t x, size_t y) const |
| Verifies if a given pixel coordinate is in image domain. More... | |
| bool | ValidCoordinate (size_t x, size_t y, size_t z) const |
| Verifies if a given pixel coordinate is in image domain. More... | |
| template<class D2 > | |
| void | SetRange (D2 min, D2 max) |
| Recalculate the intensity scale of the data by the following formula: img[ pxl ] = min + ( img[ pxl ] - img_min ) * ( max - min ) / ( img_max - img_min ) More... | |
| D | Minimum () const |
| Returns the minimum value in Image. More... | |
| D | Maximum () const |
| Returns the maximum value in Image. More... | |
| template<class O > | |
| void | PrintPixelSize (O &os) const |
| Prints image dimensions to output stream os. More... | |
| template<class O > | |
| void | Print (O &os) const |
| Prints image containts to output stream os. More... | |
| template<class O > | |
| void | PrintDimensions (O &os) const |
| Prints image dimensions to output stream os. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| void | CreateTables () |
| Creates y_table and z_table with correct references to qk_data. More... | |
| void | DestroyTables () |
| Destroys y_table and z_table. More... | |
Protected Attributes | |
| Matrix< D > | _data |
| All pixel's information here. Dimension order: space -> color. More... | |
| D * | qk_data |
| Quick access reference for data. More... | |
| Vector< float > | pixel_size |
| Dimensions of the pixels (dpi). Its size is the number of dimensions. More... | |
| D ** | y_table |
| Pointer to qk_data element in the case of 2D image access by coordinates. More... | |
| D *** | z_table |
| Pointer to y_table element in the case of 3D image access by coordinates. More... | |
Friends | |
| template<class D2 > | |
| class | Image |
The Image class is used to handle N-Dimensional images, and has support to Read and Write image files.
Definition at line 22 of file Adjacency.hpp.
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | ) |
Basic Constructor.
| none. |
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | const Vector< size_t > & | spc_dim | ) |
Basic Constructor. Two to three dimensions.
| spc_dim | Vector with image dimensions. |
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | D * | new_data, |
| const Vector< size_t > & | new_dim | ||
| ) |
Basic Constructor. Two to four dimensions. This constructor works as a wrapper for data already allocated. It will use the same space pointed by new_data to manipulate the image. Use this for compatibility with other data structures, in a easy convertion to Image class.
| new_data | Pointer to data allocated elsewhere. |
| new_dim | Image dimensions. |
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | const Vector< size_t > & | spc_dim, |
| const Vector< float > & | pixel_size | ||
| ) |
Basic Constructor.
| spc_dim | Vector with image dimensions. Must be two or three. |
| pixel_size | array with pixel dimensions. Must be two or three. |
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | size_t | spc_dim_0, |
| size_t | spc_dim_1 | ||
| ) |
Basic Constructor for 2D image.
| spc_dim_0 | image dimension 0. |
| spc_dim_1 | image dimension 1. |
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | size_t | spc_dim_0, |
| size_t | spc_dim_1, | ||
| size_t | spc_dim_2 | ||
| ) |
Basic Constructor for 3D image.
| spc_dim_0 | image dimension 0. |
| spc_dim_1 | image dimension 1. |
| spc_dim_2 | image dimension 2. |
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | const Matrix< D > & | mtx | ) |
Basic Constructor for 3D image.
| mtx | Data matrix. |
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | const Matrix< D > & | mtx, |
| const Vector< float > & | pixel_size | ||
| ) |
Basic Constructor for 3D image.
| mtx | Data matrix. |
| pixel_size | Dimensions of the pixels. |
Copy constructor.
| img | Source image to be clonned. |
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | const Image< D > & | img | ) |
Copy Constructor.
| filename | File name. |
| Bial::Image< D >::Image | ( | Image< D > && | img | ) |
Move Constructor.
| img | Other image. |
|
inline |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | size_t | p | ) | const |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | size_t | p | ) |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1 | ||
| ) | const |
Reads the constant reverence of value contained at position p_0, p_1 of data Vector.
| p_0 | first index of the data being accessed. |
| p_1 | second index of the data being accessed. |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1 | ||
| ) |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1, | ||
| size_t | p_2 | ||
| ) | const |
Reads the constant reverence of value contained at position p_0, p_1, p_2 of data Vector.
| p_0 | first index of the data being accessed. |
| p_1 | second index of the data being accessed. |
| p_2 | third index of the data being accessed. |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1, | ||
| size_t | p_2 | ||
| ) |
Reads the value contained at position p_0, p_1, p_2 of data Vector and returns its reference.
| p_0 | first index of the data being accessed. |
| p_1 | second index of the data being accessed. |
| p_2 | third index of the data being accessed. |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1, | ||
| size_t | p_2, | ||
| size_t | p_3 | ||
| ) | const |
Reads the constant reverence of value contained at position p_0, p_1, p_2, p_3 of data Vector.
| p_0 | first index of the data being accessed. |
| p_1 | second index of the data being accessed. |
| p_2 | third index of the data being accessed. |
| p_3 | fourth index of the data being accessed. |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1, | ||
| size_t | p_2, | ||
| size_t | p_3 | ||
| ) |
Reads the value contained at position p_0, p_1, p_2, p_3 of data Vector and returns its reference.
| p_0 | first index of the data being accessed. |
| p_1 | second index of the data being accessed. |
| p_2 | third index of the data being accessed. |
| p_3 | fourth index of the data being accessed. |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | const Vector< size_t > & | p | ) | const |
Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p[ 0 ], p[ 1 ], p[ 2 ], ... ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * acc_dim_size[ 0 ] + p_2 * acc_dim_size[ 1 ] ... ].
| p | Vector of indexes to be acessed. |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::at | ( | const Vector< size_t > & | p | ) |
Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p[ 0 ], p[ 1 ], p[ 2 ], ... ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * acc_dim_size[ 0 ] + p_2 * acc_dim_size[ 1 ] ... ].
| p | Vector of indexes to be acessed. |
|
noexcept |
|
noexcept |
|
noexcept |
|
noexcept |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Coordinate | ( | size_t | position, |
| size_t | dimension | ||
| ) | const |
Returns the coordinate of position in given dimension.
| position | Dimension index. |
| dimension | An image dimension. |
| Vector< size_t > Bial::Image< D >::Coordinates | ( | size_t | position | ) | const |
Returns the coordinates of the input position in this image.
| index | element position. |
|
noexcept |
|
protected |
Creates y_table and z_table with correct references to qk_data.
| none. |
|
noexcept |
| const D* Bial::Image< D >::Data | ( | ) | const |
| D* Bial::Image< D >::Data | ( | ) |
| const D* Bial::Image< D >::data | ( | ) | const |
| D* Bial::Image< D >::data | ( | ) |
| const Matrix< D >& Bial::Image< D >::DataMatrix | ( | ) | const |
| Matrix< D >& Bial::Image< D >::DataMatrix | ( | ) |
|
protected |
Destroys y_table and z_table.
| none. |
| Vector< size_t > Bial::Image< D >::Dim | ( | ) | const |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Dims | ( | ) | const |
Returns the number of dimensions of the image.
| none. |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Displacement | ( | size_t | dms | ) | const |
Returns the position displacement of one unit in dimension dms.
| dms | The required dimension. |
|
noexcept |
|
noexcept |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::MaxDim | ( | ) | const |
Returns the maximum size among dimensions.
| none. |
| D Bial::Image< D >::Maximum | ( | ) | const |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::MinDim | ( | ) | const |
Returns the minimum size among dimensions.
| none. |
| D Bial::Image< D >::Minimum | ( | ) | const |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::operator() | ( | size_t | p | ) | const |
Returns constant reference of data pointed by index p. It has the same effect as operator data[ p ].
| p | a global index to be acessed. |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::operator() | ( | size_t | p | ) |
Returns the reference for data pointed by index p. It has the same effect as operator data[ p ].
| p | a global index to be acessed. |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::operator() | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1 | ||
| ) | const |
Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p_0, p_1 ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] ].
| p_0 | first index to be acessed. |
| p_1 | second index to be acessed. |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::operator() | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1 | ||
| ) |
Returns the reference for data pointed by index ( p_0, p_1 ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] ].
| p_0 | first index to be acessed. |
| p_1 | second index to be acessed. |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::operator() | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1, | ||
| size_t | p_2 | ||
| ) | const |
Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p_0, p_1, p_2 ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] + p_2 * dim_size[ 0 ] * dim_size[ 1 ] ].
| p_0 | first index to be acessed. |
| p_1 | second index to be acessed. |
| p_2 | third index to be acessed. |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::operator() | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1, | ||
| size_t | p_2 | ||
| ) |
Returns the reference for data pointed by index ( p_0, p_1 ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] + p_2 * dim_size[ 0 ] * dim_size[ 1 ] ].
| p_0 | first index to be acessed. |
| p_1 | second index to be acessed. |
| p_2 | third index to be acessed. |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::operator() | ( | const Vector< size_t > & | p | ) | const |
Returns constant reference of data pointed by index ( p[ 0 ], p[ 1 ], [ p[ 2 ] ] ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] + [ p_2 * dim_size[ 0 ] * dim_size[ 1 ] ] ].
| p | Vector of indexes to be acessed. |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::operator() | ( | const Vector< size_t > & | p | ) |
Returns a reference of data pointed by index ( p[ 0 ], p[ 1 ], [ p[ 2 ] ] ). It has the same effect as operator data[ p_0 + p_1 * dim_size[ 0 ] + [ p_2 * dim_size[ 0 ] * dim_size[ 1 ] ] ].
| p | Vector of indexes to be acessed. |
| Image< D >& Bial::Image< D >::operator= | ( | const Image< D > & | other | ) |
Assigns 'other'image to this image.
| other | Image to be assigned to this. |
| Image< D >& Bial::Image< D >::operator= | ( | Image< D > && | other | ) |
Assigns 'other'image to this image, moving the content.
| other | Image to be assigned to this. |
| Image< D >& Bial::Image< D >::operator= | ( | D | scalar | ) |
Assigns scalar to all image pixels.
| scalar | Scalar to be assigned. |
| Image< D >& Bial::Image< D >::operator= | ( | const Image< D2 > & | other | ) |
Assigns 'other'image to this image.
| other | Image to be assigned to this. |
| const D& Bial::Image< D >::operator[] | ( | size_t | p | ) | const |
Returns a constant reference of data pointed by index p. Same as operator()( p ).
| p | a global index to be acessed. |
| D& Bial::Image< D >::operator[] | ( | size_t | p | ) |
Returns the reference for data pointed by index p. Same as operator()( p ).
| p | a global index to be acessed. |
| Vector< float > Bial::Image< D >::PixelSize | ( | ) | const |
Returns a Vector with all pixel dimensions.
| none. |
| void Bial::Image< D >::PixelSize | ( | const Vector< float > & | val | ) |
Update pixel dimensions.
| val | new pixel dimensions. |
| float Bial::Image< D >::PixelSize | ( | size_t | dms | ) | const |
Returns pixel dimension dms.
| dms | A dimension. |
| void Bial::Image< D >::PixelSize | ( | size_t | dms, |
| float | val | ||
| ) |
Assigns val to pixel dimension dms.
| dms | The required dimension. |
| val | Dimension value. |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Position | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1 | ||
| ) | const |
Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image.
| p_0 | dim 0 coordinate. |
| p_1 | dim 1 coordinate. |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Position | ( | size_t | p_0, |
| size_t | p_1, | ||
| size_t | p_2 | ||
| ) | const |
Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image.
| p_0 | dim 0 coordinate. |
| p_1 | dim 1 coordinate. |
| p_2 | dim 2 coordinate. |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Position | ( | const Vector< size_t > & | coordinates | ) | const |
Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image.
| coordinates | element coordinates. |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Position | ( | const Vector< int > & | coordinates | ) | const |
Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image.
| coordinates | element coordinates. |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Position | ( | const Vector< float > & | coordinates | ) | const |
Returns the position corresponding to the input coordinates in this image.
| coordinates | element coordinates. |
|
noexcept |
|
noexcept |
|
noexcept |
|
noexcept |
| void Bial::Image< D >::Set | ( | D | val | ) |
Sets val to each element of the entire image.
| val | value to be set to the entire image. |
Recalculate the intensity scale of the data by the following formula: img[ pxl ] = min + ( img[ pxl ] - img_min ) * ( max - min ) / ( img_max - img_min )
| min | minimum value of the new intensity scale max: maximum value of the new intensity scale |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Size | ( | ) | const |
Returns the image size.
| none. |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::size | ( | ) | const |
Returns the image size. Same as Size( ), just for compatibility with std containers.
| none. |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::Size | ( | size_t | dms | ) | const |
Returns image dimension dms.
| dms | The required dimension. |
| size_t Bial::Image< D >::size | ( | size_t | dms | ) | const |
| bool Bial::Image< D >::ValidCoordinate | ( | const Vector< size_t > & | pxl | ) | const |
Verifies if a given pixel coordinate is in image domain.
| pxl | Coordinates of a pixel. |
| bool Bial::Image< D >::ValidCoordinate | ( | size_t | x, |
| size_t | y | ||
| ) | const |
Verifies if a given pixel coordinate is in image domain.
| x,y | Coordinates of a pixel. |
| bool Bial::Image< D >::ValidCoordinate | ( | size_t | x, |
| size_t | y, | ||
| size_t | z | ||
| ) | const |
Verifies if a given pixel coordinate is in image domain.
| x,y,z | Coordinates of a pixel. |
|
protected |
|
protected |
|
protected |
|
protected |
|
protected |


Clinical Reasoning: A teenager with persistent headache¶
01¶
02¶
03¶
04¶
discussion¶
Section 1¶
A previously healthy 15-year-old boy with no relevant medical history presented with 3 weeks of severe, persistent, holocephalic pain associated with nausea and vomiting, without fever or alteration of consciousness. A brain MRI including magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) at a local hospital was normal. A lumbar puncture revealed a CSF pressure of 240 mm H2O. An intracranial infection was suspected based on clinical symptoms and signs. He received empiric antiviral therapy and rehydration for 1 week, but there was no relief of symptoms. He was subsequently transferred to our hospital.
On admission, the patient endorsed poor spirits and poor dietary intake. He denied any neurologic deficits and his vital signs were normal. The neurologic examination revealed meningeal signs and symmetric hyperactive deep tendon reflexes of both lower extremities.
Questions for consideration:¶
- What is the differential diagnosis for progressive headache?
- What tests could help narrow the differential diagnosis for this patient?
Section 2¶
Headache is a common symptom in the general population. This includes primary headache disorders such as migraine or tension-type headaches or secondary headache disorders that may be due to infection, sinusitis, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), or neoplastic disease. When headaches develop acutely without any history of prior headache, a secondary headache disorder should be considered. If there is clinical evidence of infection, considerations include sinusitis, pharyngitis, or meningitis. Otherwise, a space-occupying lesion or vascular process can be considered.
Considering the differential diagnosis above, the diagnostic battery for this patient includes an MRI with contrast to evaluate for mass lesions and meningeal enhancement, MRV to rule out CVST, serum studies, and a lumbar puncture to evaluate for opportunistic infections. Serum studies revealed a normal white blood cell count (10.07 × 109/L), neutrophils (7.26 × 109/L), and homocysteine (63.5 μmol/L). The coagulation profile was slightly abnormal with prolonged prothrombin time (14.8 seconds), elevated D-dimer (4.38 μg/mL), and normal activated partial thromboplastin time (31.1 seconds). Other routine tests including urinalysis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein showed no abnormalities.
Lumbar puncture revealed a CSF pressure of 170 mm H2O. The cell count was normal and the CSF protein level was 513 mg/L (normal range 150–450 g/L). CSF cultures and cytology revealed no obvious abnormalities. Head CT, brain MRI (figure 1), and MRV scans (figure 2A) showed multiple CVSTs. Despite the relatively high sensitivity of MRV in confirming CVST, there is a small false-negative rate,2 and therefore repeat MRV testing is recommended.
Question for consideration:¶
- What can cause multiple CVSTs in a formerly healthy adolescent with a negative family history of clotting disorders?
Section 3¶
CVST accounts for about 0.5%–1% of all strokes. The etiology generally includes comorbid medical conditions, pregnancy, dehydration, infection, medications (e.g., oral contraceptives, substance abuse), and unpredictable events (e.g., head trauma).
We screened for risk factors associated with CVST. Rheumatic and immunologic examination, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and hormone concentrations were nearly normal. A screen for thrombotic disease revealed no antithrombin deficiency, protein C (PC) deficiency, or factor V Leiden mutation. The plasma protein S (PS) anticoagulant activity was 22%, profoundly lower than the normal range.
PS deficiency (PSD) is a disorder of blood clotting and is present in 0.1%–0.3% of the general population and 1%–3% of people with incident venous thromboembolism.4 People with hereditary PSD have a 2- to 11-fold increased risk for developing a deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs with or without pulmonary embolism.5 Hereditary PSD is caused by mutations in the PROS1 gene, which codes for PS.
A written consent form, stating acceptance of the genetic testing, was signed by the patient and his parents. Thrombophilia-associated genes including but not limited to ABCD4, CBS, MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, and MMADHC were assayed. A novel PROS1 frameshift mutation (PROS1, c.1751_1752delTG [p.Leu584ArgfsX7; Het]) that generates a premature stop codon was identified in the patient and his mother but not in his father (figure 3). Based on the single nucleotide polymorphism database, this suspected pathogenic mutation was extremely rare in the normal population. His parents underwent serum coagulation testing, which revealed that his mother also had a severe reduction in PS activity (table).
[][tbl.01]
Question for consideration:¶
- What treatment would you recommend for this patient?
Section 4¶
The acute management of CVST involves controlling elevated intracranial pressure and treating the thrombosis. Guidelines recommend anticoagulation with a therapeutic dose of heparin as the primary treatment for CVST. For patients with CVST who are medically stable, treatment with a vitamin K antagonist should be initiated.3 The patient received mannitol and glycerol fructose to reduce intracranial pressure. His headache improved after 1 week of treatment. At the same time, he was given low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) 4.25 kU twice daily for 2 weeks, followed by dabigatran etexilate, a direct thrombin inhibitor metabolized through the cytochrome P450 system, at 110 mg twice daily. The patient was discharged after clinical improvement. His cerebral MRV showed return of normal venous blood flow 6 months after his discharge (figure 2, B–D).
Discussion¶
We report a teenager who presented with persistent headache due to multiple CVSTs due to familial PSD with a novel PROS1 frameshift mutation. Although CVST is characterized by a variety of symptoms, including headache, seizure, lethargy, focal neurologic signs, convulsions, and coma, headache is the most frequent symptom and occurs in 75%–95% of all cases. Cerebral infection can be differentiated from CVST by CSF testing and the treatment is different for the 2 diseases. In addition, elevated serum D-dimer can be an important indicator of CVST.3 This case highlights that CVST cannot be excluded in a patient with persistent headache, even if there is no personal or family history of thrombosis and even after a single normal MRV scan.
Thrombophilia can be hereditary or acquired. Hereditary thrombophilia is caused by genetic defects that result in abnormal functional protein levels such as antithrombin deficiency, PS deficiency, PC deficiency, factor V Leiden mutation, or factor II G20210A mutation. Acquired thrombophilia can be due to antiphospholipid syndrome, malignant tumors, or a prothrombotic state (surgery, trauma, prolonged immobilization). Hyperhomocysteinemia is also a risk factor for arterial and venous thrombosis that can lead to CVST.7 This patient presented with high levels of homocysteine (>20 mmol/L) and PSD. After genetic testing of the patient and his family, a diagnosis of familial PSD was made.
Hereditary PSD is a haploinsufficiency disorder associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Individuals with this condition do not have enough functional PS to inactivate clotting proteins, which results in the increased risk of developing abnormal blood clots. Rarely, PSD is acquired in patients with liver disease, warfarin use, vitamin K deficiency, pregnancy, and other conditions.
PS is encoded by the PROS1 gene located on chromosome 3 at 3q11.2. The genetic basis of PSD is heterogeneous.  Null mutations result in severe PS defects by reducing PS synthesis. Missense mutations can have severe, intermediate, or mild consequences.6 Zhang et al.8 reported a novel PROS1 mutation causing PSD in a family after a proband was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. CVST is rarely seen in association with PSD. Amaral et al.9 reported a case of CVST in a young adult with familial PSD but the patient and his family members did not receive PROS1 genetic testing.
We detected a PROS1 frameshift mutation in a patient with CVST that, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. The mutation in the affected family members (patient and mother) was consistent with their reduced PS level, indicating that this mutation was the molecular basis of the PSD and CVST.
Guidelines recommend heparin as the primary treatment for CVST. The optimal duration of anticoagulant treatment is currently being evaluated, generally between 3 and 12 months, or longer in rare cases.3 Although heparin and warfarin have been used historically, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as dabigatran, apixaban, and rivaroxaban have been reported to be alternatives.10 Our patient received dabigatran etexilate, after LMWH, and recovered both clinically and radiographically without bleeding events.
From our experience, for patients presenting with persistent headache, one should consider CVST, even if there is no history of thrombotic events. D-dimers and CSF testing are important to differentiate CVST from cerebral infection in the early stage. Once hereditary PSD is considered, genetic testing is recommended for both the patient and family members. Furthermore, while the newer DOACs have been applied in CVST, further robust studies are needed to validate the therapeutic effect of DOACs in inherited thrombophilia.


Danny Spitzberg
Danny has deep love for writing, publishing, and history. He embraces spaces that are outside of ‘work’, especially being part of a weekly reading group in Oakland, California called Reading The Hebrew Bible Very Slowly. Danny see cooperatives as key to closing economic and political loopholes. He hosts gatherings called Co-op Barn-Raisers, for people in law, finance, and product to help startups transform into co-ops. This community helped start the campaign to #BuyTwitter and democratize all of the platforms we depend on. Danny also organizes with programmer and media producers in Cuba and internationally, exploring the possibilities of decolonizing technology and building alternative means.
Danny is also a sociologist with ethics, comma, for hire. He joined CoLab in 2017 as a technology strategist, doing field research and prototyping with major partners creating platforms and campaigns. Before CoLab, Danny worked with a wide variety of clients, including 18 Million Rising, the P2P Foundation, and The Lean Startup Co., to build community platforms and grow active membership. Danny is committed to volunteer-led organizing, cooperative alternatives to growth metrics, and eventually, returning all wealth to the commons.


{% extends "global/Base.html" %}
{% load staticfiles otree %}
{% block content %}
{% formfield player.cutoff_canteen_dilemma label="Assume that you prior to the game could have decided a cut-off point with your colleage which you would both stick to, meaning that if you arrive at this time or later, you will always go to the office , what time would this cut-off point be?" %}
{% next_button %}
{% endblock %}


You might not know this but there are more homeless animals than people, Millions of dogs are sent to animal shelters every year and beacuse the number of these animales is pretty big The majority of shelter dogs are euthanized(put to sleep) so by Adopting from a shelter your helping saving a life and also it's cheaper...YAAY IKR..


IPv6 EN
RFC 4291
Summary:
The biggest allocation size is /32 which is reserved for internet provider.
Typically a big customer get /48, but could be bigger when requested with good reasons.
Above /48 it needs a registration by RIR (example for Europa RIPE NCC) with implementation plan.
IPv6 does not care like IPv4 about the number of devices. The standard subnet is /64 because the interface ID is 64 bits.
Exception on routers (/127). [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6177]
/48 = 65536 subnets of /64.
::1/128 is the loopback address
::/128 is the undefined IP, for example when cannot be allocated.
LLA = Link-Local-Adresses. fe80::/10. link between routers, switchs.
ULA fc00::/7 (fc00… - fdff…) uses for internal customer communication (like before 192.168.x.x). Example internal link between to customers or tunnel.
IPv6
2001
:
20DB8
:
A
B
C
D
:
523
4
:
BCDE
:
5678
'/32' biggest enterprise bit mask (from LIR)
'/48' usual enterprise bit mask (from LIR)
interface
'/64' smallest possible subnet
identifiateur
IPv6 prefix
Tips:
https or http with IPv6. https://[IPv6]/.... example http://[2001:db8:4003:c00::6a] (IP beginning with '2001:db8:' are reserved for documentation)
https or http with IPv6 and port. https://[IPv6]:port/.... example http://[2001:db8:4003:c00::6a]:8080
Some Terms:
IANA = responsible for global coordination of the Internet Protocol addressing systems
RIR = Regional Internet Registry. RIPE NCC (Europe,Middle East,Central Asia), ARIN (Canada,USA), LACNIC (Latin America), AFRINIC (Africa), APNIC (Asia/Pacific)
LIR = Local Internet Registry. In fact the direct provider of your compagny or as end user.
PI = Provider Independent Assignments
LLA = Link-Local-Adresses fe80::/10
ULA = Unique Local Addresses = fc00::/7 (fc00… - fdff…) uses for internal customer communication.
Detail:
IPv6 assignation IANA->RIR->LIR->customer
Multicast:
FF00::/8
IPv6 Multicast Address Scopes.
Node-Local Scope Multicast Addresses.
Link-Local Scope Multicast Addresses.
Site-Local Scope Multicast Addresses.
text for IP text !!!!!!!!!


Because our company is a familial enterprise and we do all of our project with love, and with an irreproachable professionalism.
NOTE: Please click to select a project type.


Starting with NixOps (and thus Nix and NixOS), part 2
This is a H2
This is a H3
This is a H4
This is a H5
This is a H6
Instead of having everything in the same Nix expression (beside the
static site), it is possible to use the
imports
feature of
NixOS.
Instead of having everything in the same Nix expression (beside the
static site), it is possible to use the
imports
feature of
NixOS.
To follow along, you can clone the Git repository and run each nix-build command as they appear at the top of each page.
We remove the
extraUsers
,activationScripts
and
systemCronJobs
parts
and move them to a new file,
toto.nix
:
{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
users.extraUsers.toto = {
uid = 1000;
isNormalUser = true;
home = "/home/toto";
description = "The Toto User";
extraGroups = [ "wheel" ];
openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-rsa xxxx toto@somewhere" ];
};
system.activationScripts.toto =
''
echo Creating toto directories...
mkdir -m 0755 -p /home/toto/toto
chown toto:users /home/toto/toto
'';
services.cron.systemCronJobs = [
"35 * * * * toto cd /home/toto/toto && echo Hello > date.log"
];
}
In their place, we simply import the new file:
imports = [ ./toto.nix ];
NixOS will merge similar records to create the deployment.


| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AggregatedObjects<T> | |
| AggregatorListTest | |
| BaseSerializer | |
| BaseSerializeTest | |
| ByteArrayInputStream |
This is a specialized input stream targetted to reading a twister object message expanding
to multiple MPI buffers.
|
| ByteArrayOutputStream | |
| DataDeserializer | |
| DataPackerProxy | |
| DataSerializer |
Builds the message and copies it into data buffers.The structure of the message depends on the
type of message that is sent, for example if it is a keyed message or not.
|
| DataSerializerTest | |
| Deserializers | |
| DFWIOUtils | |
| FixedSchemaDataDeserializer | |
| FixedSchemaDataSerializer | |
| FixedSchemaKeyedDataDeSerializer | |
| FixedSchemaKeyedDataSerializer |
This serializer will be used to serialize messages with keys
|
| KeyedDataDeSerializer | |
| KeyedDataSerializer |
This serializer will be used to serialize messages with keys
|
| KeyedReceiver |
This class is the abstract class that all keyed receivers extend.
|
| KeyedSerializerLargeTest | |
| KeyedSerializerTest | |
| ObjectBuilderImpl<D,W> | |
| Serializers | |
| SerializeState |
Keep track of the serialization state of the list of objects.
|
| SerializeState.StoredData | |
| SourceReceiver | |
| TargetFinalReceiver | |
| TargetPartialReceiver | |
| TargetReceiver |
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| ReceiverState | |
| SerializeState.Part | |
| SyncState |


Sharad Pawar should join NDA, will be rewarded: Athawale
Squarely blaming the Shiv Sena for the dramatic turn of events in Maharashtra, Union minister Ramdas Athawale on Saturday urged Nationalist Congress Party chief Sharad Pawar to walk over to the National Democratic Alliance camp, hinting that he might be rewarded with a plum portfolio at the Centre.
He said Pawar should also consider backing his rebellious nephew Ajit Pawar -- sworn in as the deputy chief minister of Maharashtra.
"Sharad Pawar, too, should consider revising his stance and joining the NDA. He may get some good portfolio at the Centre," Athawale said when asked about the difficulty the NCP faction headed by Ajit Pawar might face in engineering a split before the floor test on November 30.
The month-long political impasse in Maharashtra ended dramatically on Saturday with the Bharatiya Janata Party's Fadnavis returning as the chief minister, backed by the Nationalist Congress Party.
"After the BJP and the Shiv Sena fought the assembly polls in alliance and won a majority, the former behoved the Sena to help the saffron party head the government and settle for the deputy chief minister's post.
"Any other grievances could have been settled in due course. But, it threw a tantrum and caused a stalemate. Ultimately, they have been outsmarted by the modern day 'Chanakya' Amit Shah," the minister told reporters.
Athawale, known for his rhyming repartees, added: "BJP ne Congress ko latka diya hai, Shiv Sena ko jhatka diya hai aur NCP ko sarkaar mein atkaa diya hai (the BJP has left the Congress in a quandary, shocked the Shiv Sena and taken the NCP along in formation of the government)."


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May 18, 2003
U.S. government launching competitor to Al-Jazeera
Guerrilla News Network | Submitted by: Elizabeth
The White House is asking Congress for $62 million to be spent on founding the world's first 24-hour Arab-language satellite news TV network. According to a State Department spokesman: "We're just going to present clear and objective news, uncensored. We won't be a spokes-entity for the U.S. government but a means to present U.S. policy and the debate around it." Even money says they're just going to hire translators to dub the Fox News feed.
|
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Read article... and
This article...
|
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Dead wifebeater turns out to have no penis
Canoe | Submitted by: samsgrrl
"She believed all the stories: that Heddington's first wife had been killed by a drunk driver, that his genitals had been burned and mutilated when he was a child, that he was too embarrassed to undress in the light. ...  Sort of an evil Billy Tipton.
|
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Read article...
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Gruesome photo of suicide bomber
Wire Services | Submitted by: optional
"An Israeli army soldier looks at the remains of a Palestinian suicide bomber in the West Bank town of Hebron Saturday May 17, 2003. A suicide bomber disguised as an observant Jew blew himself up in the Israeli controlled area of Hebron killing a couple of Jewish settlers." Um, it's gruesome.
|
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Read article...
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Pentagon pisses away $1 trillion
San Francisco Chronicle | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"Though Defense has long been notorious for waste, recent government reports suggest the Pentagon's money management woes have reached astronomical proportions. A study by the Defense Department's inspector general found that the Pentagon couldn't properly account for more than a trillion dollars in monies spent. A GAO report found Defense inventory systems so lax that the U.S. Army lost track of 56 airplanes, 32 tanks, and 36 Javelin missile command launch-units. And before the Iraq war, when military leaders were scrambling to find enough chemical and biological warfare suits to protect U.S. troops, the department was caught selling these suits as surplus on the Internet 'for pennies on the dollar.'"
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Read article...
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Family rips off, burns down chimp rest home
WKMG-TV 6 Orlando | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"A mother is accused of bringing her children with her when she broke into trailers at a retirement farm for aging chimpanzees, and her 9-year-old son is now facing charges he returned to the farm and set fire to the trailers, authorities said Thursday."
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Read article...
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Britain's "Dr. Death" treating patients in prison
Mirror | Submitted by: 10bellies
"Anger and disbelief last night greeted the revelations about Harold Shipman's hospital 'work' with the elderly at his top-security jail. A source said: 'It's like putting a paedophile in a children's ward. This man has spent his career secretly killing old people. Just imagine some poor guy's face when he looks up from his wheelchair and sees Dr Death is pushing it.'"
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Read article...
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Nobody likes the PATRIOT Act
Fox News | Submitted by: Reid Fleming
"In a rare occurrence, conservative watchdogs are siding with liberal groups who say that several provisions of the anti-terror USA Patriot Act are cause for concern by Americans seeking to protect their basic rights.
...
As of this week, the state of Hawaii as well as 104 cities and counties across the country have passed resolutions protesting federal law enforcement measures in the USA Patriot Act.
...
Since January 2002, local governments in 24 states have passed resolutions ranging from symbolic protests to declarations that they will not cooperate with federal authorities if they come into their communities to conduct searches or surveillance on their residents."
|
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Read article...
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School system creates special bus for jerks
BBC | Submitted by: Bumpydog
"The threat of arriving at school on a pink 'punishment bus' is acting as a deterrent to badly behaved youngsters. The bus known as "Pink Peril" is the Isle of Wight Crime and Disorder Partnership's answer to misbehaviour on school buses. Niki Haytack, Crime and Disorder Manager, said: 'When troublemakers get a taste of the pink medicine, they don't want a second dose.'"
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Read article...
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Anti-lynching statutes used against blacks
Boston Globe | Submitted by: Dirty Sammy
"South Carolina's lynching law, the only one of four in the nation that is still routinely used, was enacted to end the state's long history of white vigilante justice against blacks. But that law has borne strange fruit. Today in South Carolina, blacks are most often the ones charged with lynching defined in the statute as any act of violence by two or more people against another, regardless of race."
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Read article...
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Alabama conquers racial profiling
networks.org | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"The new head of Alabama's law enforcement agency has formally banned racial profiling by state troopers and added a new procedure for reviewing motorists' complaints. The policy, unveiled last week, prohibits troopers from stopping motorists based solely on ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, religion, economic status, age or cultural group, and mandates annual training." You may now consider the problem solved.
|
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Read article...
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North Korea reportedly training hackers
beaufortgazette.com | Submitted by: Reid Fleming
"North Korea, an impoverished communist country suspected of building nuclear weapons, has developed another weapon: cyber terrorism, a senior South Korean military officer said Friday. Maj. Gen. Song Young-geun, head of the South Korean military's Defense Security Command, said North Korea is churning out more than 100 computer hackers a year, and urged the South to boost its ability to fight 'cyber threats from the outside.'"
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Read article...
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Tourists convicted of kissing in Dubai
News Corporation | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"An Australian man and a German woman caught French kissing in the emirate of Dubai have been given six-month jail terms suspended for three years under condition they do not re-offend. The Dubai Court of First Instance found a 26-year-old Australian man and a 26-year-old German woman guilty of kissing in public. They were also fined $570 each for being under the influence of alcohol."
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Read article...
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British revolutionaries blow up traffic camera
BBC | Submitted by: Vomit
"A Gatso speed camera has been destroyed by a bomb planted on the main box which sent shards of metal flying more than 50 feet. ... The incident is the latest in a series of deliberate attacks on speed cameras across Britain which has been blamed on frustrated motorists. Dozens of cameras have been burned, toppled and driven into, but the A605 camera was believed to be the first that had been bombed."
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Read article...
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Hypnotist arrested for sex crimes
Connecticut Post | Submitted by: El Diablo
"A local hypnotist is accused of sexually assaulting female customers at his South Broad Street clinic over a three-year period. ...  The suspect has denied all charges, pointing out that you cannot compel someone under hypnosis to do anything they wouldn't want to do normally.  Or that they wanted it?
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Read article...
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Pro-Saddam singer/activist murdered
News Corporation | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"A famous Iraqi singer who used to glorify deposed president Saddam Hussein was assassinated by unidentified armed men in his Baghdad home... Qaissi, who was in his fifties, headed the union of Iraqi artists, and had mobilised singers, poets, actors and painters during the US-led war on Iraq to sing the praises of the Baath regime and the army."
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Read article...
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Why the British government loves the Sauds
Observer | Submitted by: Tobermory
Oil, fundamentalism and a corrupt regime -- a perfect recipe for mayhem. "The monarchy and bin Laden may be enemies, but the best way to understand Saudi fundamentalism is to see them as a continuum. The monarchy used oil wealth to export Wahhabism, their brutish version of Islam, around the world. Al-Qaeda meanwhile drew most of the cultists who died on 11 September and most of its money from Saudi Arabia."
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Read article...
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Drunken high schoolers rape boy with broomstick
New Zealand TV One | Submitted by: Dirty Sammy
"Justice Goddard has granted three former Taradale High School students, convicted of sexually violating a fellow male student with a broomstick, leave to apply for home detention. ... All of the boys were involved in a discussion prior to the attack and knew what was to be done with the broomstick handle which was covered in a heat-inducing cream."
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Read article...
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Tough love
WKMG-TV 6 Orlando | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"Two parents accused of chaining their teenage sons to their beds at night to keep them from committing crimes were charged Saturday with felony child abuse. [The couple] tethered their 13-year-old and 16-year-old sons to their beds with heavy chains and padlocks from 9:30 p.m. until 6:30 a.m." The abuse was discovered when one of the boys told his probation officer.
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Read article...
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Naked man struggles with cops, dies in traffic
Galveston County Daily News | Submitted by: Reid Fleming
"Witnesses told sheriff's investigators that Jackson had been acting strangely at about 1:30 a.m. and got out of a car after it stopped along the northbound lanes of the freeway. He took his clothes off and then began running in and out of traffic. When deputies approached Jackson, he struck one in the face several times and bit and hit another." It's almost as if he thought he was invisible or something.
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Read article...
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Michigan police free the Hedgehog
New York Post | Submitted by: Reid Fleming
"Porn star Ron Jeremy got caught with his pants down and arrested after a 20-year-old woman claimed he assaulted her in a Michigan striptease club. ... Jeremy was arrested at his hotel and spent Friday night in jail. He was released the following morning at a bond hearing."
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Read article...
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Drunken couple arrested for noisy outdoor sex
WKMG-TV 6 Orlando | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"A report that someone was yelling on top of a water tower sent Slidell police scurrying to help early Friday morning. Authorities said they arrested a couple who told police they wanted to have sex 'on top of the world.'"
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Read article...
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Cardboard cutout doesn't count as carpooler
Newsday | Submitted by: Siannan
"'He was making gestures ... big, broad gestures with his arms, and nodding his head and moving his mouth,' said Officer Richard Klages, who was in uniform, standing near the Long Island Expressway median to patrol the HOV lane. 'It appeared to me that he was trying to make me believe that this passenger was a flesh-and-blood human being instead of a two-dimensional piece of cardboard.'"
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Our buildteam built a new awesome waiting lobby, check it out!
Collect equipment in crates and be the last player alive, but be carefull to not get lost in the mine!
Jedi or Sith? Which side do you choose? Upgrade your powers and take part in the adventure in the StarWars world.
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Fight with dozens of kits styles and abilities. Soup, Potions, and epic 1v1's.
Fight against the Apocalypse and protect humanity, or become a Zombie!


§412:10-406 Prepayment of loan. A member may repay a loan, prior to maturity in whole or in part on any business day without penalty. [L 1993, c 350, pt of §1]


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Frequently Asked Questions
What do you mean by open-source hardware?
Open-source hardware shares much of the principles and approach of free and open-source software. In particular, we believe that people should be able to study our hardware to understand how it works, make changes to it, and share those changes. To facilitate this, we release all of the original design files (Eagle CAD) for the Arduino hardware. These files are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license, which allows for both personal and commercial derivative works, as long as they credit Arduino and release their designs under the same license.
The Arduino software is also open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL and the C/C++ microcontroller libraries are under the LGPL.
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Most of the official Arduino boards are manufactured by
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Which are the official Arduino boards?
The official Arduino boards are the ones listed on the
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In general, we restrict use of the name "Arduino" to the official boards. If you find a product under a different name but described as "Arduino compatible", it’s probably not an official board and doesn’t fund continued work on the project.
I want to design my own board; what should I do?
The reference designs for the Arduino boards are available from the
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What should I call my boards?
If you're making your own board, come up with your own name! This will allow people identify you with your products and help you to build a brand. Be creative: try to suggest what people might use the board for, or emphasize the form factor, or just pick a random word that sounds cool. "Arduino" is a trademark of Arduino team and should not be used for unofficial variants. If you're interested in having your design included in the official Arduino product line, please see the
So you want to make an Arduino document and contact the Arduino team.
While unofficial products should not have "Arduino" in their name, it's okay to describe your product in relation to the Arduino project and platform. Here are a few guidelines that explain which uses we consider reasonable.
Not okay:
- Arduino Xxxxxx
- Xxxxxx Arduino
- Arduino Compatible Xxxxxx - use "Xxxxxx (Arduino-Compatible)" instead
Okay:
- Xxxxxx for Arduino - products that work with official Arduino boards (e.g. shields or kits)
- Xxxxxx (Arduino-Compatible) - variations and clones which are software and hardware compatible
Note that while we don't attempt to restrict uses of the "duino" suffix, its use causes the Italians on the team to cringe (apparently it sounds terrible); you might want to avoid it. (It's also trademarked by a Hungarian company.)
Can I build a commercial product based on Arduino?
Yes, with the following conditions:
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- The source code for the Arduino environment is covered by the GPL, which requires any modifications to be open-sourced under the same license. It does not prevent the sale of derivative software or its inclusion in commercial products.
In all cases, the exact requirements are determined by the applicable license. Additionally, see the previous question for information about the use of the name “Arduino”.
How can I run the Arduino IDE under Linux?
Can I program the Arduino board in C?
In fact, you already are; the Arduino language is merely a set of C/C++ functions that can be called from your code. Your sketch undergoes minor changes (e.g. automatic generation of function prototypes) and then is passed directly to a C/C++ compiler (avr-g++). All standard C and C++ constructs
supported by avr-g++ should work in Arduino. For more details, see the page on the
Arduino build process.
Can I use a different IDE to program the Arduino board?
It is possible to compile programs for the Arduino using other build tools (e.g. Makefiles and/or AVR Studio). You'll need to configure these to link against the appropriate files in the Arduino core libraries. See the description of the Arduino
build process.
Can I use an Arduino board without the Arduino software?
Sure. It's just an AVR development board, you can use straight AVR C or C++ (with avr-gcc and avrdude or AVR Studio) to program it.
Can I use the Arduino software with other AVR boards?
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Money Play. How should Red play 61?
pips Red=152 White=144
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
The key here is to keep that nice four-point prime. Those checkers (other than the spares on the 6-pt) are where you want them.
That should give you a clue as to how to play the 1 which is clearly 6/5. Then it is a choice between 24/18 and 13/7. Both plays have merit and in fact 24/18 wins slightly more games but loses slightly more gammons and the two plays have identical equity – take your pick!
That should give you a clue as to how to play the 1 which is clearly 6/5. Then it is a choice between 24/18 and 13/7. Both plays have merit and in fact 24/18 wins slightly more games but loses slightly more gammons and the two plays have identical equity – take your pick!
1. Cubeful 2-ply 24/18 6/5 Eq.: -0.207 0.468 0.134 0.007 - 0.532 0.222 0.013 2. Cubeful 2-ply 13/7 6/5 Eq.: -0.219 (-0.012) 0.458 0.131 0.006 - 0.542 0.188 0.016 3. Cubeful 2-ply 24/18 9/8 Eq.: -0.220 (-0.013) 0.453 0.125 0.005 - 0.547 0.196 0.010 4. Cubeful 2-ply 24/18 8/7 Eq.: -0.269 (-0.062) 0.440 0.122 0.005 - 0.560 0.204 0.011 5. Cubeful 2-ply 9/8 9/3 Eq.: -0.299 (-0.092) 0.422 0.121 0.004 - 0.578 0.175 0.011


--- layout: post title: ! 'VIM Tips: Jump between cursor positions' tags: - vim - cursor - cursor history - vimtips - commandline ---
Just recently had to look up how to return to my cursor position after jumping to the beginning of my file.
Jump to old/prev cursor position: Ctrl + o
Jump to new/next cursor position: Ctrl + i
Sample usage scenario: You need to look up a variable definition at the top of your file.


I decide to take up a major of 'Internet Applications Development (Web Design)' at Reynolds Community College in Richmond, VA. During my studies, I freelanced building basic websites, fixing broken ones, and doing light graphic design. I hold two internships; one learning about Computer Hardware, the other Website Design / Marketing. My course work at Reynolds included things like Statisitics, various Maths, Design and Art, Adobe PhotoShop and Flash, Java Programming, HTML / CSS, Web Design Capstone, mySQL, JavaScript, and more.
Main Technologies I'm working with:
HTML, Adobe PhotoShop, Adobe Flash (ActionScript), Wordpress CMS, jQuery, Microsoft Front-Page
I graduate Reynolds College with an 'Associates of Applied Science in Information Systems Technology, Internet Applications Development (Web Design)' with a GPA of 3.7. I have a few reoccuring freelance clients, so I decide to head to NYC, and see what the buzz is about. Within a month of relocating to the Boreum Hill area of Brooklyn, New York. I begin working as an 'Associate Web Producer' at Random House in Mid-town Manhattan. My main responsibilities were website and micro-site development, email development and management, as well as maintaince of legacy web properties.
Main Technologies I'm working with:
HTML, CSS, Adobe PhotoShop, Wordpress CMS, jQuery, Basic PHP, Google Analytics, Facebook API, Basecamp
Return to client work while building out my portfolio and fleshing out my freelance practice. I get an interesting Contract offer through TekSystems to work as a Front-End Web Developer at JUICE Pharma Worldwide (a Pharma based Advertising Agency) where my main responsibilities were coding responsive webpages or web app interfaces, and creating or updating JavaScript interactive information charts. I also created prototypes using HTML5, CSS3, and JS.
Main Technologies I'm working with:
HTML5, CSS3, jQuery, JavaScript, Mobile Web Devolopment, Cornerstone SVN
Launch my full Freelance Web Design business 'Dcoi Designs' where I'd offer a full range of Web Design and Development Services. I was doing lots of custom Wordpress CMS website stuff, interactive landers, parallax websites, graphics and web page layout design and general Web Master type duties. I had a little Web Design company!
Main Technologies I'm working with:
HTML5, CSS3, jQuery, JavaScript, Mobile Web Devolopment, Git, Facebook API, Layout Design, Graphic Design, Wordpress CMS, Drupal CMS, Joomla CMS, PHP, Bitbucket.
I embrace being a hipster and move to the west coast to see what the buzz is about. I take two 6 month on-site contracts through Aquent LLC. They had reached out to me from my blog I was running within my 'Dcoi Designs' company website. One contract I am working in a small eCommerce marketing dev shop. I'm doing things like building out adapative designs, working with optimizely, updating legacy web properties, optimizing websites for conversation as well as light Wordpress CMS and email stuff. Contract number two I am essentially building out a custom-responsive-interactive Wordpress CMS theme for internal Toyota employees to manage inventory and documents through a small Advertising Agency.
Main Technologies I'm working with:
HTML5/CSS3, jQuery, JavaScript, AJAX, Wordpress CMS, PHP, D3.js, JIRA, AWS CDN, Visual Studio, Optimizely, light ASP.NET
I'm back in the Big snapple again working as a Front-End Web Developer for a small Ad Agency called 'Fly Communications, Inc', this time I'm living in Greenpoint Brooklyn. I'm doing things like websites, PSD > Code, Landing pages, working with SASS, JavaScript and different JS libraries, and emails. Toward the end of the year, a previous colleague from JUICE had just reached out to see if I was interested in an alluring contract offer at GSW Advertising that offered flex and remote working abilities.
Main Technologies I'm working with:
HTML5/CSS3, jQuery, JavaScript, Rafeal.js, SASS, Git, PHP, Vagrant, Drupal, Ant, iTerm
After my contract at GSW. I launch a new freelance entity called 'Dark Green LLC' and post some ads around - I get some remote work through a small company as well as a few small business type clients. I'm doing things like website rebuilds, CMS migrations, Angular.js, Ubuntu, custom JavaScript, analytics and more.
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HTML5/CSS3, JavaScript, Angular.js, Mobile Web Development, Ubuntu, Slack, Git, PHP, Vagrant, Drupal, Asana
I return to my hometown area of Washington D.C. Metro. I quickly get a contract type offer as a Software Engineer for a small eLearning company creating Government Security Training Courses, with a big focus on 508 Accessibility. I also decide it's time to take the plunge and head back to School to obtain a relevant B.S. in the field, more so to validate my skills more then anything at this point, but also to have one and stay fresh. I begin a neat focused Cohort Major called 'Web Technologies'.
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JavaScript, XML, ActionScript, Mercury, VSS, T-SQL, CSS3, Relational DBs, Unix
After wrapping up the position at Carney, Inc. while also compleitng 2 robust semesters of school alongside of, studying things like Unix, Information Security, JavaScript (yes again, but I enjoy it), T-SQL, Ruby, eCommerce and more; this brings us up to date! I am now focusing on school, side projects, and on the look out for both exciting Freelance or Full-Time oppurtunities! Wanna work together? Reach out via my Contact Form, or email me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Wanna go back to the blog? Go Back. Thanks for stopping by!
Main Technologies I'm working with:
JavaScript, jQuery, APIs, Ruby, Wordpress CMS, HTML5, CSS3, Google API, Analytics, Drupal, PHP, Asp.net, Layout Design


4 Image compression: transform coding
Decorrelation with orthogonal transforms is an alternative to predictive decorrelation described at 4 Image compression: predictive coding. Redundancy of the image signals exhibits itself in concentration of most of signal energy in a small number of transform coefficients and in contraction of the dynamic range of higher order coefficients. In practice, transforms such as DFT, DCT, Walsh transforms that can be computed with so called fast transform are used. These discrete transforms are described in details in 2.1 Discrete Representation. Compression methods that assume the use of orthogonal transform for image decorrelation are united by the name “transform image coding”. In transform image coding, it is the transform coefficients that undergo subsequent scalar quantization.
In block-wise coding, image is split into non-overlapping blocks of relatively small size and individual blocks are transformed separately. For every block, low energy block transform coefficients are truncated and the remaining are optimally quantized.
Applying decorrelative transforms block-wise is well suited to spatial image inhomogeneity and transform coefficient quantization can be better optimized if it is performed individually for transform spectra of image blocks. The size of blocks is determined by the degree of image inhomogeneity and, in principle, can vary within an image frame: it should be as large as possible provided image remains to be “homogeneous” within the block.
Among block transforms, DCT had proved to be the best one and it is put in the base of modern image compression standards H.261, H.262, H.263, H.320, JPEG.
Depending on implementation issues, predictive and orthogonal transform can be used in a combination. For instance, in video coding standard MPEG, block DCT transform JPEG coding is used for “intra-frame” coding while predictive transforms are used for DPCM-coding dc-components of blocks when they are encoded one-by-one in successive order of image scanning and also for “inter-frame” coding as a method for “motion compensation“.
As it was already mentioned, data obtained after applying to primary image sampled representation of a decorrelating transform are subjected to scalar quantization, principles of which were described in 3 Image quantization. The quantization can be homogeneous i.e. applied uniformly to all data, or inhomogeneous, i.e. different for different groups of data, or, in terms of data indices, different zones of data indices. For instance, in block image coding using DCT, indices of spectral coefficients of image blocks are split into a number of zones according to their spatial frequency, and low frequency coefficients, which carry most of the signal energy, are quantized more precisely than middle frequency coefficients, and the latters are quantized more precisely than high frequency coefficients.
The third step of image compression, after Decorrelative linear transformation and Scalar quantization, is statistical (entropy) coding which is applied to the results of quantization and makes use of non-uniformity of probabilities of different quantization levels for generating their binary codes with the number of bits that are as close as possible to the logarithm of the inverse to their probabilities as it is dictated by the information theoretical lower bound. Two families of the methods of statistical coding are used: variable length coding and coding of “rare symbols”. The latters are used when one of symbols to be encoded, such as symbol that corresponds to zero quantized prediction error, has an overwhelmingly higher probability than others much more rare symbols. Basics of variable length coding and coding of “rare symbols” are detailed in Appendix.
The described three step procedure is called lossy compression to emphasize the fact that original sampled image representation coefficients cannot be precisely restored from the compressed binary codes because the procedure includes quantization of decorrelated data.
When quantization is avoided, precise image restoration from its binary code is possible because decorrelative transforms are reversible. This type of coding is called loss-less coding. [1]
The “Block Transform Coding” experiment presents example of the first two steps of image compression using two decorrelative transforms: DCT and Walsh transforms described at <IP_ADDRESS> Discrete Cosine Transform and <IP_ADDRESS> Hadamard and Walsh transforms.
As described above, the first steps of image compression are:
The test image is divided into blocks
2D decorrelative transform (DCT or Walsh) is calculated for each of the block
A binary mask is applied on the transform coefficients
The transform coefficients after the masking operation are quantized using P-law quantization.
After the image compression stage, a stage of image restoration from compressed data is applied by inverse transform the quantized coefficients of the transformed window, for each window.
Window size, number of bits for quantization, mask size and shape, and value for P-law quantization are controllable by the user.
Figure 4‑1: "Block Transform Coding". Top left is the test image. Bottom left is the block mask. Middle top is the block DCT restored image. Right top is the block DCT restored image error. Middle bottom is the block DCT restored image. Right bottom is the block Walsh restored image error. Window size were 8x8, optimal P found for DCT coded was 0.3, optimal P found for Walsh coded was 0.35. The binary mask passed 25/64 out of all the transform block coefficients.
As it is evidenced in Figure 4‑1, the choice for DCT as the transform for the JPEG standard is a natural choice. This comparison between Walsh and DCT transforms reveals that DCT keeps a low RMS error after reconstruction form the block quantized coded signal, and the visual defects are less noticeable in comparison to the Walsh reconstructed image.
“JPEG Coding Standard” presents JPEG for image compression, and allows a comparison with regards to the quality value of of both restored image quality and compression errors.
The name “JPEG” stands for “Joint Photographic Experts Group”, which is the name of the committee that rated the JPEG standard and also other still picture coding standards.
The JPEG standard specifies the codec, which defines how an image is compressed into a stream of bytes and decompressed back into an image. More information about the JPEG standard can be found at [2].
The Jpeg standard is composed of 3 main steps, as described above:
In JPEG standard, the image is first separated to 8x8 distinct blocks, each block value is then subtracted by where is the number of bits used to represent the digital image, and the DCT transform of each block is then calculated. The DCT transform of each block is passed to the quantization phase.
The DCT coefficients are quantized, using a quantization table for DCT coefficients of luminance (intensity). A standard quantization table is shown in Equation 4‑1. The entries , in this table define the interval, to which a coefficient value is mapped.
Equation 4‑1
In order to control the trade-off between reconstructed image quality and the bit rate, the quantization table can be modified using the quality parameter that can assume values from 1 to 100.
Quantized DCT coefficients are obtained as:
where
and
JPEG reorders the coefficients in each block by means of zigzag scan, thus converting an 8x8 squared array of quantized DCT coefficients to a 1-D string of 64 elements with the first one representing the DC component and the others representing AC elements.
Figure 4‑2: Zigzag reordering scheme
In JPEG, a run length/entropy coding is applied to quantized AC coefficients (the sequence of DC coefficients is DPCM coded separately). The baseline implementation of the JPEG standard uses Shannon-Huffman coding.
Huffman coding is an entropy encoding algorithm used for lossless data compression. The term refers to the use of a variable-length code table for encoding a source symbol (such as a character in a file) where the variable-length code table has been derived in a particular way based on the estimated probability of occurrence for each possible value of the source symbol. It was developed by David A. Huffman while he was a Ph.D. student at MIT, and published in the 1952 paper “A Method for the Construction of Minimum-Redundancy Codes”.
Huffman coding uses a specific method for choosing the representation for each symbol, resulting in a prefix code (sometimes called “prefix-free codes”, that is, the bit string representing some particular symbol is never a prefix of the bit string representing any other symbol) that expresses the most common source symbols using shorter strings of bits than are used for less common source symbols. Huffman was able to design the most efficient compression method of this type: no other mapping of individual source symbols to unique strings of bits will produce a smaller average output size when the actual symbol frequencies agree with those used to create the code.
The experiment comprised of compression and restoration of the test image according to the JPEG standard, and with regards to the value of the quality factor of , provides by the user.
A swipe experiment is possible, which takes at different values, and calculate the JPEG compression of the test image, for each Q values.
For each run, the compressed image is displayed, absolute error image, and a graph of entropy of compressed image, and entropy of original image as a function of Q.
Figure 4‑3: "JPEG". Top left is the test image. Bottom left plot is the entropy (bit per pixel) before (red line, “Input Image Entropy”) and after the compression (green line, “Entropy of compressed image”. Top right is the restored image with Q = 100, and bottom right is the error of restored image.
The entropy of compressed image is a growing function of
Q, due to the effect of the quantization of the DCT coefficients on the
entropy. It can also be seen that a lossless compression (without any
quantization) will produce a smaller bit per pixel than the original image (in
the case displayed at Figure 4‑3, 7.5 bits
per pixel instead of 8.)
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[1] |
L. P. Yaroslavsky, "Outline of image compression methods," in Theoretical Foundations of Digital Imaging Using MATLAB, CRC Press, 2012, pp. 117-120. |
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[2] |
I. T. a. T. C. Committee, DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND CODING OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES, CCITT, 1992. |


[1]
The presentation was awesome and the food is good.
[2]
[3]
Room service has good food quality, but it's fairly expensive.


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Some of your important files were saved by my encryption.
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