[dscrdvrsc] <John Doe> It downloaded on a different linux installation. Updating the other system that wouldn't download. Thinking it just needs a firefox update.
[dscrdvrsc] <Private Ryan> i dont understand what happened?
[dscrdvrsc] <Private Ryan> @miketout
GatewayBOT04-Aug-18 09:21 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <themobi> Can someone explain the ecnomics behind what we are currently experiencing with VRSC? The dynamics of why the price is where it is, and what the future may hold. What things will affect the future of VRSC and its value. Etc etc. I'm very new to crypto, sorry if this is newber than normal questioning
GatewayBOT04-Aug-18 11:13 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Just finished watching a vid about verus coin and komodo and others, good info in it, takes a while to get going but glad i watched it ,
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Fastest cpu hash rate in the world
GatewayBOT04-Aug-18 11:24 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <Cragorn> One of my public addresses is showing a balance with 14 decimals. I thought there were only supposed to be 8? Nothing to worry about?
Which #cryptocurrency do you want us to create an article series on? We only have the resources to write and design 1 series to the highest quality right now so get voting! The vote has been narrowed down to 4 options:
-
$vtc #vertcoin $dgb #digibyte #TRON $trx $km...
Retweets
126
Likes
164
GatewayBOT04-Aug-18 12:37 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <Cryptoon> Voted!
GatewayBOT04-Aug-18 12:46 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <ok88> @miketout Still - I have even created new user (tried going straight from root too) synced whole blockchain without a problem and now all I am getting is staking and mining info (which blocks we are at) and timeout, retrying. Any ideas what should I investigate regarding this? I have 4 CPUs, 80 cores total (4x Xeon 4870) and I really would like to have some more fun with it I have other machines running without a problem with ubuntu 18.04 and cli
GatewayBOT04-Aug-18 02:40 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <jimboscott> @ok88 Looks to me like you do not have the AVX extensions on that CPU.
[dscrdvrsc] <ok88> @jimboscott Mike claimed that should not be an issue
[dscrdvrsc] <aelder> @ok88 @jimboscott is correct I think. Westmere doesn't have AVX as far as I know.
[dscrdvrsc] <aelder> @ok88 You can stake on older hardware, but mining won't work with non-avx
[dscrdvrsc] <ok88> Thank you! Just a little misunderstanding I believe. Gonna leave that one then!
GatewayBOT04-Aug-18 05:12 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <wistar> @Private Ryan : I had that error once but when I carefully re-copied and pasted the destination address it worked without error.
GatewayBOT04-Aug-18 07:23 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <silkspinner> @Shaun I had that exact error, twice, one block of coins would not send because of different anchor. I found that if I sent 1 more coin to that address from a different account, that would seem to overwrite the anchor info and I could send all coins out.
GatewayBOT04-Aug-18 07:42 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> @Shaun , I would try @silkspinner ‘s suggestion. My guess is that there is an issue in the wallet store or in the wallet forming the tx, which I will look at. Do you have multiple z-addresses?
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 03:16 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <Shaun> solved! ,i sent some coin from my friend's wallet to my z-address，after that ,i re-send my coin from this z-address to my t-address，it works well
[dscrdvrsc] <Shaun> @silkspinner @miketout tks for your help(edited)
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 04:58 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <UncleRay> any exchange market for this coin?
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> for now CPU only. i believe we will soon have GPU miners that are in development. currently they don't look like they will be better than CPUs or support many GPUs in one machine due to bottlenecks. check #cpu-hashrate for CPU numbers to get a feel for CPU speeds, which are the highest in the world on any cryptographic hash algorithm. what I understand is that the GPU numbers are under 140 MH/s for a 1080ti and drop significantly with multiple cards or go into the low 10s of MH/s with risers
[dscrdvrsc] <devpro> @miketout Is there another exchange?
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> not yet. we can work to get on additional exchanges if the community wants to, but the big ones can take a little time. i think digitalprice.io has done a good job for the community so far. i haven't heard many complaints, and those that i did were resolved. imo, additional exchanges should either bring an audience to learn about Verus, which means being a little bigger, or i'm not sure if they help a lot. if the community wants to get on more, we certainly can focus more on that
[dscrdvrsc] <devpro> More and bigger trading platform, for the better development of VRSC.
[dscrdvrsc] <Kidkid> Few people know about digitalprice
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> agreed. a good exchange to add would be one where it spreads the word about Verus. so, which ones should we apply to?(edited)
[dscrdvrsc] <Kidkid> Have you discussed some good exchanges?
The first 300K registered members will be free of trading fees in the first year. With each member invited, you will receive an additional one month free trading fee.
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 07:39 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <garnettfan> @Asher How to set connection limit
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 08:25 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <Asher> @garnettfan You can add the following line to your VRSC.conf:
maxconnections="number of connections without quotes"(edited)
[dscrdvrsc] <Gordon Komodo> anybody know when the next halving is?
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 02:46 PM
[slackkmd] <jspook16> @grewalsatinder did you also buy lil komodos verus?
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 03:02 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <grewalsatinder> yes
[dscrdvrsc] <grewalsatinder> posting my buy offer for corss channel here too. I posted this in Verus Discrod trading channel.
Have bought what I wanted.
Thanks for the trades @devpro @新币交流QQ群：424495679
Would still be interested to buy more. But my price is
0.15 KMD per VRSC
Willing to buy 20,000 VRSC
if agree, please get in touch.
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 03:37 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <新币交流QQ群：424495679>
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 05:49 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <Eightynine> Why doesn't it start mining automatically and always showing 100%? Please fix that.
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 06:14 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> fix what? please explain the issue more.
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 06:23 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <ok88> how to run a full node to benefit the network?
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 06:37 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> all you need is a public IP and to run a node
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> if you have that and set maxconnections=500 in your VRSC.conf, you will see more than 8 connections, and you will be helping the network
[dscrdvrsc] <That_Guy8> Is there somewhere you need to set the public ip in settings or config?
[dscrdvrsc] <That_Guy8> or a port to forward?
[dscrdvrsc] <ok88> I have gigabit fibre, will try 1000 connections. Activated DMZ for the IP, connections are increasing indeed. Port range access would be better than DMZ, which ports should be open for public?
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> only 27485 is needed(edited)
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> a little over 800 is the limit right now that you will get
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 06:57 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <ok88> o'right let's hope more ppl with public ip and some solid net connection could just add the port forward on their routers, that would probably fix connection issues for the network Thanks Mike!
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 07:25 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <VirtualSoundNW> Opened my cloud linux VM port and upped the limit in ~/.komodo/VRSC/VRSC.conf to maxconnections=500. It's now creeping up in the upper teens. Try
./verus getconnectioncount
I get 19 now.
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 07:41 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <wistar> Weird. I have seen as high as 30 connections on one of my machines in recent weeks. Pretty darn sure I had no public IP going especially as it is behind a gateway with a non-static IP address. Maybe I was hallucinating?
GatewayBOT05-Aug-18 07:49 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <silkspinner> So inv
[dscrdvrsc] <silkspinner> sry more cats on keyboard...
[dscrdvrsc] <Eightynine> Sorry, haven't seen your message. When starting Agama it synchronizing the blockchain and then always shows 100% when it's complete. You have to enable mining every time you start Agama.
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 01:36 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <BTC-BTC-BTC> still getting 99.93% after a day or so with maxconnections=500. Anymore thing I can try?
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 02:06 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <Asher> @BTC-BTC-BTC What region are you on? I have set up 18 nodes on GCE accepting 1000 each to help alleviate network issues
[dscrdvrsc] <Gmoney> network hashrate is crashing???
Network (GH/s)
623.8123
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 04:20 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <bigtom> The hashrate is down the diffuculty is super high.
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 04:48 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <Gmoney> ya but that was a huge drop from where it was.. its already doubled since i wrote that..
[dscrdvrsc] <Gmoney> some sort of ripple in the matrix
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 05:08 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> hash rate and difficulty are part of the same calculation, basically, hash rate is calculated from difficulty. i just finished putting all the code needed for VerusHash support into nheqminer, which is a stratum miner that can also mine Komodo and Zcash with CPU or GPU. I think once we have pools running with this, we should get a significantly larger hashrate and stronger network
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 06:00 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <Gmoney> @miketout . with some of the locked coins being 2 years and beyond, how are those trnsactions not going to just get burried or lost off the end of the wallet trnsactions? There will be no way of keeping track and seeing when things come mature.
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> we are going to make the list able to be much longer
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> probably someone will write scripts as well to make it easier over time
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 06:41 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <wistar> I've been writing them all down.
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 07:44 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <Godballz> So a GPU miner is being released as well as a cpu miner?
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 08:17 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <bigtom> @Godballz Some people are working on a GPU miner. Release date is unknown.
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 08:31 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> @Godballz the GPU mining work does not currently beat CPU mining. in tests, they are getting under 140 MH/s on a 1080ti, and risers slow it a lot. the pool miner that I've just written from a fork of nheqminer is benchmarking a bit faster than the wallet on CPU, but there's no GPU support in it yet. I don't know the exact release date of the GPU miner, but I know they are trying to finish soon as well. I'd like to see someone put the GPU support into the nheqminer fork, so people can use both with pools. CPUs are still tops right now, but it looks like they may be able to coexist.
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 01:41 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <jimboscott> @Gmoney It would also be great to be able to sort the transactions by the 'time to maturity' so we could bring the next blocks to mature to the top of the list.
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 03:24 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <Gmoney> @jimboscott yes!
[dscrdvrsc] <Gmoney> so something weird this morning..
I was right at my computer when a staked transaction was coming in.. 1 confirmation..
Then I looked back a minute or 2 later.. It was gone.. I thought I was loosing my mind..
Then 2 hours later.. The In and Out reappear and start to recount the confirmations (although the time stamp is still from the 2 hours earlier)
however there is no 'mined' transaction..
and there is no balance change..
So my staked reward either 1. got sucked into the ether with another glitch in the matrix, or 2. someone else grabbed it???
@miketout thoughts?
https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/449638035999686677/476049136190226432/unknown.png(edited)
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 04:05 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> looks like an orphan if you don't have the block.
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 04:17 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <lucky168> @miketout @aelder hello,does gui wallet need how many GB for Free hard disk capacity,why i often stuck sync one computer and other computer can sync normal,they are all in lan
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 05:39 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <aelder> @lucky168 correct numbers are below V(edited)
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 06:24 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> @aelder what is taking that space? I'm getting bout 526 MB for the chain, about 910 MB for zcash-params, and about 346 MB for the Agama program folder
[dscrdvrsc] <aelder> You're right, I must have miss-clicked the folder.
GatewayBOT06-Aug-18 06:44 PM
[dscrdvrsc] <oscar> seems wallet has someproblem now
[dscrdvrsc] <oscar> many of my friends tell me when he is mining,but the block sync is stucked at 98.5%
[dscrdvrsc] <oscar> I have twice today
[dscrdvrsc] <oscar> restart is ok
[dscrdvrsc] <oscar> but when go sleep,stuck is terrible
[dscrdvrsc] <oscar> when talking about this,it's happend again
[dscrdvrsc] <miketout> we are working on this... there is a sync problem on the network, and we are both adding more nodes and will be rolling out a version that should solve it in the next few days. it is hitting some, but not all people, and the things I suggested doing in the announcement are helping.


Location
repository
LocationApi
controllers
LocationCRUD
repository
LocationCRUDT
repository
LocationCaseClassMapping
repository
Locations
repository
latitude
Location
Locations
loadSentimentFromTweets
StockSentiment
location
Locations
location_id
Ask
Asks
Comment
Comments
locationss
LocationCaseClassMapping
longitude
Location
Locations


Creating a website can be done in many ways. Many web hosting providers provide website building tools and softwares. This is the easiest method of building a website. Alternatively, you can use programs such as Wordpress and Drupal to create your website.It all depends on your comfort level.


API Basejump: File Metadata Microservice
User stories
I can submit a FormData object that includes a file upload.
When I submit something, I will receive the file size in bytes within the JSON response.
Input
Uploaded file:
Output
File name:
ABC.pdf
File size:
10 KB


What was the name of your clan again? What is this? You are not even registered for this siege! Do you think that you are above the rules?


Known Issues
The following are known issues with DeskPins. Some of them are by-design,
meaning that they cannot be solved. The rest will probably be addressed in
future versions.
- Some programs (like Winamp and WMP) change the shape of their windows to be
non-rectangular. In these cases, the pin may float
outside the visible area of the pinned window.
- Some applications occasionally change their main window by hiding the current one and displaying another. In such cases, DeskPins
will move the pin on the first visible top-level window it finds to ensure that the
pin is always accessible. This is intentional.
- On some applications (notably MS Office) the pin sometimes gets behind the
pinned window. This minor problem does not affect the pin's
functionality. Moving or resizing the offending window will bring the pin in
front again.


Start with NPM's helpful troubleshooting guide. If you continue to have problems, and you've tried Google searching but you're still stumped, please carefully review the updated Sails contribution guide and then create a GitHub issue in the Sails repo.
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Sails is tested with node versions 0.10.x and up, though we recommend using at least Node v4.0.0. The framework is built on the rock-solid foundations of Express and Socket.io. Out of the box, it also depends on other great modules, like grunt
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Sails Flagship users: We manually verify every dependency of Sails and other officially-maintained modules by hand, every single week. This includes core hooks, adapters, generators, client SDKs, and Flagship packages. We regularly send security/compatibility reports about dependencies to the primary email address associated with your account. If you'd like additional people on your team to receive these reports, no problem! Just let us know their email addresses and we'll get them set up. (These email addresses will also receive communications about patches, shrinkwrap updates, and compatibility notices.)
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Safeguard Secrets Broker for DevOps uses client certificate authentication to access the A2A service in Safeguard for Privileged Passwords. The most secure way to create this certificate is using a certificate signing request (CSR).
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A client certificate must be uploaded before Secrets Broker will work.
Safeguard Secrets Broker for DevOps will be restarted so the new certificate can be applied.


A is for Annihilation
Contents
- Creation and Annihilation Operators
- Discussion: Explicit Form of Operators
- Representation of Operators
- References
Reading: (Baym, 1969), (Nazarov & Danon, 2013).
Creation and Annihilation Operators
When we discussed the elastic chain in Lecture 3, we saw that the quanta of the normal modes of the chain could be thought of as bosons. The essence of second quantization is to turn this observation around, and formally introduce creation and annihilation operators that add and remove bosons to a system. Subsequently, we identify these operators as components of a quantum field. Whether you think of the field as a physical entity – with the bosons appearing upon quantization – or as a mathematical device for representing a system of indistinguishable particles is a question of taste. The former point of view is more common in particle physics, the latter in condensed matter.
Recap: Product States
Remember that in Lecture 1 we saw that a normalized product state of $N$ bosons occupying orthonormal states $\varphi_{\alpha_n}(\br)$ $n=1,\ldots, N$ is
where the sum is over all permutations of $N$ objects. The normalization factor involves the occupation numbers ${N_{\alpha}}$ giving the number of particles in state $\alpha$.
More generally, let’s consider the (unnormalized) symmetric product state formed from any set of single particle wavefunctions $\psi_n(\br)$, not necessarily orthonormal
Let’s compute the inner product with another symmetric state formed from wavefunctions $\phi_n(\br)$
The result is
where we have introduced the permanent of the matrix $\bra{\psi_m}\phi_{n}\rangle$, which is defined just like the determinant that we met in the case of fermions, but without the minus signs.
Creation and Annihilation Operators
Our starting point is the vacuum state, which we’ll denote by $\ket{\text{VAC}}$ to distinguish it from the ground state. The vacuum state corresponds to the state with no particles. Up to now, we have worked with many body wavefunctions having just as many arguments as we have particles, but since we are now considering a formalism in which there are states with different numbers of particles, we have to allow for that number to be zero.
The creation operator $\adop(\psi)$ creates a particle in the single particle state $\psi(\br)$ (the reason for introducing the adjoint operator as the creation operator will become clear: for the moment let’s just take it that it’s the adjoint of something.). This means we identify
More generally, if $\ket{\Psi}$ is an $N$ particle state, $\adop(\psi)\ket{\Psi}$ is an $N+1$ particle state. Since this is orthogonal to the vacuum state
for any state $\ket{\Psi}$. This means, taking the adjoint
Evidently, $\adop(\psi)$ must be linear in $\psi$
Generalizing \eqref{A_1part}, we represent an $N$ particle product state \eqref{A_NProd} as
For this to be a symmetric wavefunction, it’s clear that we must have
for any states $\psi(\br)$ and $\phi(\br)$. Taking the adjoint gives
This isn’t the only requirement however: we need to make sure that the inner product comes out right. Evaluating the inner product between two one particle states on both sides of the corresponence \eqref{A_1part} gives
To be nonzero $\aop(\psi)\adop(\phi)\ket{\text{VAC}}$ must be proportional to the vacuum state, which means $\aop(\psi)$ removes a particle from the system: it is an annihilation operator. To get the right value for the inner product, we impose
\eqref{A_adcommute}, \eqref{A_acommute} and \eqref{A_ada} constitute the bosonic canonical commutation relations. Via \eqref{A_ada}, this representation inherits the properties of the single particle Hilbert space.
Choosing a Basis
By choosing a basis for the single particle states, we choose a basis for the creation and annihilation operators. Denote an orthonormal basis by $\varphi_\alpha(\br)$, with the corresponding creation and annihilation operators
Then we have
The same relations describe the ladder operators of a set of independent harmonic oscillators, revealing a deep connection between these two systems. The state $\Psi^{\text{S}}_{\alpha_{1}\alpha_{2}\cdots\alpha_{N}}$ of \eqref{A_OrthoProd} – a normalized state with $N_\alpha$ particles in state $\alpha$ – may be written
The combination $\Nop_{\alpha}\equiv \adop_{\alpha}\aop_{\alpha}$ is called the number operator for state $\alpha$ for obvious reasons
From \eqref{A_CCRBasis} it follows that
You can think of the first of these as `count then destroy minus destroy then count’, for example.
Suppose we want to move to a different basis of single particle states ${\ket{\tilde{\varphi}_{\alpha}}}$, corresponding to a unitary transformation
Using our correspondence, the one particle states with the wavefunctions $\varphi_{\alpha}(\br)$ are just $\adop_{\alpha}\ket{\text{VAC}}$. So we see that the above basis transformation gives a new set of creation operators
Often we will work in the basis of position eigenstates ${\ket{\br}}$. In this case the matrix elements of the unitary transformation are $\inner{\varphi_{\beta}}{\br}=\varphi^{*}_{\beta}(\br)$, just the complex conjugate of the wavefunction. Denoting the corresponding creation operator as $\pdop(\br)$, \eqref{2nd_quant_BasisChangeCreation} becomes
Now we can see why we chose to work with the annihilation operator rather than the creation operator. The conjugate of \eqref{2nd_quant_PsiDDef} is
and involves the wavefunctions $\varphi_{\beta}(\br)$, rather than their conjugates. The relations satisfied by these operators are
These operator-valued functions are called quantum fields. By introducing them, we have freed ourselves from many body wavefunctions. One should bear in mind that this is only a different language for talking about the same system: sometimes one language is better suited to the problem at hand; sometimes another.
As an example, let our original basis be the eigenbasis of the free particle Hamiltonian $H=\frac{\bp^{2}}{2m}$ with periodic boundary conditions
with $V=L_{x}L_{y}L_{z}$. The matrix elements of the transformation between this original basis and the position basis ${\ket{\br}}$ are $\bra{\bk}\br\rangle=\exp(-i\bk \cdot \br)/\sqrt{V}$, so we have
and similarly
The Case of Fermions
We want a similar formalism for fermions, which is a bit trickier on account of those minus signs. We seek a representation of the product state
where $P$ is the signature of the permutation. Note that the overall sign is fixed here by the labelling of the states $\psi_j$. If we want to make the identification
Then antisymmetry dictates
for any states $\psi(\br)$ and $\phi(\br)$, where $\{A,B\}\equiv AB+BA$ is called the anticommutator. Similarly
The form of $\left\{\adop(\psi),\adop(\phi)\right\}=0$ can be deduced from the inner product between product states
which can be obtained using the RHS of \eqref{A_NPartAnti} if we demand
Introducing field operators in the position basis as before leads to a system of operators satisfying the anticommutation relations
Discussion: Explicit Form of Operators
Representation of Operators
Single Particle Operators
Suppose we now have some operator $A$ that acts on the single particle states. We denote the action on $N$ particle states as $\hat A$
where the subscript denotes that the operator acts on the position label $\br_j$ of the $j^\text{th}$ particle. The example that we have met many times already is the Hamiltonian for noninteracting particles
Operators of this type are known as single particle operators. We want to use our creation and annihilation operators to represent these operators. First, we note that the action of the operator $A$ on one of the basis states $\ket{\varphi_\alpha}$ can be written in terms of the matrix elements $A_{\alpha\beta}=\braket{\varphi_\alpha}{A}{\varphi_\beta}$ as
Therefore, the action of $\hat A$ on the product state $\ket{\Psi^{\text{S}}_{\alpha_{1}\alpha_{2}\cdots\alpha_{N}}}$ is
Now we argue that the same job is done by
acting on the state $\ket{\mathbf{N}}$. Indeed, we have
By commuting $\adop_\alpha \aop_\beta$ though each of the creation operators in
we reproduce the action \eqref{A_1OpAct}. As a simple example,
The second quantized form of $\hat A$ allows us to find the matrix element $\braket{\mathbf{N}}{\hat A}{\mathbf{N’}}$ between product states made of orthonormal single particle states. This vanishes unless $\mathbf{N}$ and $\mathbf{N’}$ differ by the movement of of one particle. If $N_\beta = N’_\beta-1$ and $N_\alpha = N’_\alpha+1$ we have
We worked this out for the bosonic case. However, you can check that \eqref{A_bilin}, the basic relation that makes it all work, is also valid for fermions (as a commutation relation, note!). So $\hat A$ has the same form for fermions.
Notice that $\mathop{\hat A}$ looks formally like the expectation value of $\mathop{A}$ in a single particle state $\sum_{\alpha}a_{\alpha}\ket{\varphi_{\alpha}}$. The difference, of course, is that the $a_{\alpha}$ in $\mathop{\hat A}$ are operators, so that the order is important, while those in the preceding expression are amplitudes. The replacement of amplitudes, or wavefunctions, by operators is the origin of the rather clumsy name second quantization, which is traditionally introduced with the caveat that what we are doing is not in any way ‘more quantum’ than before.
To repeat the above prescription for emphasis: A one particle operator $\mathop{\hat A}$ has a second quantized representation formally identical to the expectation value of its single particle counterpart $\mathop{A}$.
This probably all looks a bit abstract, so let’s turn to a one particle operator that we have already met, namely the noninteracting Hamiltonian in \eqref{A_H1}. According to the above prescription, this should have the second quantized form
where $H$ is the single particle Hamiltonian $H=-\frac{1}{2m}\nabla_{i}^{2}+V(\mathbf{r_{i}})$. This takes on a very simple form if the basis $\ket{\varphi_{\alpha}}$ is just the eigenbasis of this Hamiltonian, in which case $\braket{\varphi_{\alpha}}{\mathop{H}}{\varphi_{\beta}}=E_{\alpha}\delta_{\alpha \beta}$ and
Evidently this is correct: the eigenstates of this operator are just the $N$ particle basis states $\ket{\Psi^{S/A}_{\alpha_{1}\alpha_{2}\cdots \alpha_{N}}}$, with eigenvalues $\sum_\alpha N_\alpha E_\alpha$.
Alternatively, we can look at things in the position basis. By recalling how the expectation value of the Hamiltonian looks in this basis, we come up with
where in the second line we have integrated by parts, assuming that boundary terms at infinity vanish. The equality of \eqref{2nd_quant_HPos} and \eqref{2nd_quant_Nrep} may be seen by using \eqref{2nd_quant_PsiDef}.
The Heisenberg equation of motion corresponding to \eqref{2nd_quant_HPos} is
which is just the time dependent Schrödinger equation!
As a second example, consider the particle density. This is not something that one encounters very often in few particle quantum mechanics, but is obviously an observable of interest in a extended system of many particles. The single particle operator for the density at $\mathbf{x}$ is
This may look like a rather strange definition, but its expectation value on a single particle state $\varphi(\br)$ is just $\rho(\mathbf{x})=\abs{\varphi(\mathbf{x})}^{2}$, which is just the probability to find the particle at $\mathbf{x}$. Following our prescription, the second quantized form of the operator is then
As a check, integrating over position should give the total number of particles
as it does! Another useful thing to know is the expectation value of the density on a basis state $\ket{N_{0},N_{1}\ldots}$
which is most easily proved by substituting the representation \eqref{2nd_quant_PsiDef}. This seems like a very reasonable generalization of the single particle result: the density is given by sum of the probability densities in each of the constituent single particle state, weighted by the occupancy of the state. Note that the symmetry of the states played no role here.
As a final example of a one particle operator, the particle current has the second quantized form
Often we consider the Fourier components of the density or current
The $\bq=0$ modes are just the total particle number and $\frac{1}{m}$ times the total momentum, respectively.
In Lecture 1 we introduced the single particle density matrix
Notice that $g(\br,\br)=\braket{\Psi}{\hat\rho(\br)}{\Psi}$. A slight generalization of the above calculation for the density gives for the state $\ket{\mathbf{N}}$
In Lecture 1 we evaluated $g(x,y)$ for the ground state of a 1D Fermi gas using the Slater determinant form of the wavefunction. For variety, let’s calculate it using our new method for the 3D Fermi gas. Recall that in this case $N_{\bk}=1$ for $\abs{\bk}<k_{F}$, and $0$ otherwise. Thus the ground state can be written
Contrast this calculation with the wavefunction version.
Single particle density matrix for the Fermi gas.
Two Particle Operators
A two particle operator acts pairwise on the particles
(Note that $B_{jk}=B_{kj}$ for indistinguishable particles.) Similar to the single particle case, the action of $\hat B$ on a two particle product state $\ket{\varphi_{\alpha}}_1\ket{\varphi_{\beta}}_2$ can be expressed in terms of the matrix elements
By a similar argument to that used in the case of one particle operators, we arrive at the second quantized representation
(Note the order, which is important for fermions!) The analog of the formula \eqref{A_Aab} for the matrix elements of a two particle operator between two product states is
The most important two particle operator that we encounter is that describing interactions between pairs of particles, usually of the the form
Expressing this operator in the position basis gives
Remembering that $\rho(\br) = \pdop(\br)\pop(\br)$, this is almost the same as
The difference lies in the order of the operators, which prevents a particle from interacting with itself.
As an example, let’s write the Hamiltonian of interacting bosons that we met in Lecture 1 in our new formalism.
where $\pop(x)$, $\pdop(x)$ satisfy the canonical bosonic commutation relations \eqref{2nd_quant_PositionRelations}.
We’ve succeeded in translating an interacting many body Hamiltonian into a quantum field theory. But we shouldn’t feel too smug. As I said earlier, this is a change of language, and its usefulness is not guaranteed. The same warning applies to alternative formulations of the same problem: as a functional integral, for example. In the case of the Lieb–Liniger model, the exact solution was best presented in the first quantized, many body wavefunction framework. Ditto for the Laughlin states of the fractional quantum Hall effect. However, in approximate treatments of many body problems that we can’t solve exactly, like the Bose gas in higher dimensions that we’ll discuss in Lecture 8, the second quantized framework is often a good starting point.
References
- Baym, G. (1969). Lectures on quantum mechanics. WA Benjamin New York.
- Nazarov, Y. V., & Danon, J. (2013). Advanced Quantum Mechanics: A Practical Guide. Cambridge University Press.


PUL GitHub Issues
2020-05-15
#40 Document the usage and general practices for working with https://github.com/pulibrary/github-label-maker
Creator:
James R. Griffin III
Created:
2020-05-15 13:14:03
Status:
Open
Events:
labeled
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-05-15 13:14:03.
#43 Document the DSpace Java CLI operations
Creator:
James R. Griffin III
Created:
2020-05-13 19:47:06
Status:
Open
Comments:
#48 Move not-Princeton-specific functionality to dspace-jruby
Creator:
Kevin McElwee
Created:
2020-05-15 13:00:00
Status:
Open
Events:
labeled
by Kevin McElwee at 2020-05-15 13:12:19.
#49 Drafting a Markdown document providing an overview comparison between dspace-cli, dspace-jruby, tcsh scripts, and the DSpace Java API
Creator:
James R. Griffin III
Created:
2020-05-15 14:11:01
Status:
Open
(pull request )
#50 Centralize constants
Creator:
Kevin McElwee
Created:
2020-05-15 15:29:30
Status:
Open
(pull request )
#51 Creating additional overview documents for the API overview
Creator:
James R. Griffin III
Created:
2020-05-15 17:20:41
Status:
Open
(pull request )
#12 Requesting University service accounts from the OIT
Creator:
James R. Griffin III
Created:
2020-05-04 18:54:43
Status:
Open
Comments:
#12 Fixing issues which blocked Vagrant provisioning and adding instructions to the README for packaging the Vagrant Box
Creator:
James R. Griffin III
Created:
2020-05-15 04:16:35
Status:
Open
(pull request )
#8 Shift from smoke testing for the Gem and introduce RSpec for testing
Creator:
James R. Griffin III
Created:
2020-05-11 18:41:03
Status:
Open
Comments:
Events:
assigned
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-05-15 18:26:17.
#3869 Capitalize non-numeric numismatics values
Creator:
Eliot Jordan
Created:
2020-05-04 15:29:11
Status:
Open
Comments:
Events:
referenced
by None at 2020-05-15 13:35:50.
referenced
by None at 2020-05-15 13:38:05.
referenced
by None at 2020-05-15 14:14:48.
referenced
by None at 2020-05-15 14:39:06.
#3883 Add a way to combine Numismatics controlled vocabulary values.
Creator:
Trey Pendragon
Created:
2020-05-08 18:00:01
Status:
Open
Events:
labeled
by None at 2020-05-15 13:41:04.
#3899 3869 field capitalization
Creator:
hackmastera
Created:
2020-05-15 13:36:58
Status:
Closed
(pull request )
Events:
head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-05-15 13:38:05.
head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-05-15 14:14:48.
head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-05-15 14:39:07.
referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-05-15 17:54:17.
merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-05-15 17:54:18.
closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-05-15 17:54:18.
head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-05-15 17:55:54.
#3900 Convert color space to SRGB through VIPS
Creator:
Trey Pendragon
Created:
2020-05-15 17:02:17
Status:
Open
(pull request )
Events:
head_ref_force_pushed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-05-15 18:11:17.
#3901 Ensure numismatic issue autocomplete forms default to blank
Creator:
hackmastera
Created:
2020-05-15 19:23:44
Status:
Closed
(pull request )
Events:
deployed
by Trey Pendragon at 2020-05-15 19:32:25.
referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-05-15 19:41:28.
merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-05-15 19:41:28.
closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-05-15 19:41:28.
head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2020-05-15 19:41:31.
#321 Tree Component
Creator:
Shaun Ellis
Created:
2020-05-13 20:35:16
Status:
Open
(pull request )
#1868 Lazy load facets on the search results.
Creator:
Trey Pendragon
Created:
2019-09-16 17:39:22
Status:
Open
Events:
unassigned
by Christina Chortaria at 2020-05-15 13:12:16.
#2036 Issue Shape is not defaulting to '' if there's no value
Creator:
hackmastera
Created:
2020-05-15 18:48:36
Status:
Open
Events:
labeled
by None at 2020-05-15 18:48:36.
assigned
by None at 2020-05-15 18:48:36.
#1521 Changing recap to postgres
Creator:
carolyncole
Created:
2020-05-14 18:48:29
Status:
Open
(pull request )
Events:
head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-05-15 11:55:42.
head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2020-05-15 14:29:46.
#1522 can we do replicas of prod to staging on lib-postgres-staging1
Creator:
Francis Kayiwa
Created:
2020-05-15 14:50:30
Status:
Open
Events:
assigned
by Francis Kayiwa at 2020-05-15 14:50:41.
#1523 add global protect and modify listening port
Creator:
Francis Kayiwa
Created:
2020-05-15 18:16:50
Status:
Open
(pull request )
#1487 add the GCE hosts for postgresql
Creator:
Francis Kayiwa
Created:
2020-05-01 21:17:09
Status:
Open
(pull request )
Events:
head_ref_force_pushed
by Francis Kayiwa at 2020-05-15 19:30:37.
head_ref_force_pushed
by Francis Kayiwa at 2020-05-15 19:37:07.
#57 document migration of vireo VMS
Creator:
Francis Kayiwa
Created:
2020-04-06 12:17:29
Status:
Open
Events:
assigned
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-05-15 13:29:28.
#62 Document the process of auditing and migrating external GitHub repositories to pulibrary
Creator:
James R. Griffin III
Created:
2020-05-15 13:33:34
Status:
Open
Events:
labeled
by James R. Griffin III at 2020-05-15 13:33:34.
#1317 Link Module Won't Accept Blacklight "or" facets
Creator:
Kevin Reiss
Created:
2017-09-07 13:15:05
Status:
Closed
Comments:
Events:
closed
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2020-05-15 13:54:40.
#238 Draft interactive wireframes for each screen featured on PULFALight
Creator:
James R. Griffin III
Created:
2020-04-13 19:30:16
Status:
Open
Comments:
Events:
mentioned
by Shaun Ellis at 2020-05-15 14:50:46.
subscribed
by Shaun Ellis at 2020-05-15 14:50:46.
mentioned
by Amanda Ferrara at 2020-05-15 14:50:46.
subscribed
by Amanda Ferrara at 2020-05-15 14:50:46.
#616 Adds virtual services to homepage menu grid
Creator:
Axa Mei Liauw
Created:
2020-05-15 19:52:05
Status:
Open
(pull request )
Events:
mentioned
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-05-15 19:52:05.
subscribed
by Kevin Reiss at 2020-05-15 19:52:05.


give faith and instill fear
Whereas However
get changed is set in the right
Heroes also still Even heroes face
They are like Like us, they have
take a way follow the right path to avoid
succeeds on succeeded in his
that happen happened in her
start started to work
after that she
There those Those two
all our daily problem problems
are also person who want to
which start who started to listen
first king who introduce introduced it
first king who to introduce it
have had to face
Man Men and Woman women
create created and possess possessed
are different from not tied to the culture
awarness awareness
make us better ourselves
to be become better
gets winded sidetracked by interesting shifting her interest on the
her life inspires other others
authors rights write books
follow here her example
to take her for an example as a role model


Use this service to apply for a Protection Order under the Family Law Act from the Provincial Court of British Columbia. If you want a Protection Order from the Supreme Court of British Columbia instead of Provincial Court, this service cannot help you.
Please use a safer computer (for example, at a Public Library).
If you are not in immediate danger but are still afraid for your
safety,
VictimLinkBC
can help you develop a personal safety plan.
Call: 1-800-563-0808 | TTY:<PHONE_NUMBER> | Text:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Cost: This service is free. The Government of British Columbia does not charge fees for Family Law cases in the Provincial Court of British Columbia.
Time: The average time to complete this service is 30-45 minutes. At this time, will need to complete your application in one session. This service will not save your information. If a judge decides that your situation is urgent, they may hear your application the same day you file it.
Print: You will need to print your application to file it at a Provincial Courthouse. At this time, you cannot use this service to file electronically.


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| OnChangeListener<V,X extends IValueChangeable> |
This is a MegaMenus API event called, when a Changeable Element was interacted with.
Copy of method description: You can get the menu instance and states via the element parameter param oldValue - the previous value for this element param newValue - the value the element now holds param element - the element that was clicked itself param viewer - the player that clicked the element |
| OnClickListener<X extends IClickable> |
Listener that triggers when a player clicks an
IClickable menu elementCopy of method description: You can get the menu instance and states via the element parameter param element - the element that was clicked param player - the player that clicked the element param button - the index of the mouse button used, one of MouseEvent.NOBUTTON , MouseEvent.BUTTON1 , MouseEvent.BUTTON2 or MouseEvent.BUTTON3 param sift - true if shift was held during this click. |
| OnKeyListener<X extends IPressable> |
Listener that triggers when a player one of a limited set of buttons while hovering
over a
IPressable menu elementCopy of method description: You can get the menu instance and states via the element parameter param element - the element that was clicked param player - the player that clicked the element param key - A limited set of available buttons that can actually be detected, see IPressable.Buttons
param sift - true if shift was held and detectable during this key press. |
| OnRenderStateListener |
All methods have an empty default body so that implementations don't
need to provide all unused methods as well.
|
| OnSlotChangeListener<X extends IInventory> |
Triggered when a player interacts with
IInventory menu elementsCopy of method description: Event specifically for tracking changes in MSlot elements.param change - a wrapper for the SlotTransaction that triggered this event param element - the element that was interacted with param viewer - the player that took or put items from/into this element |


Left Arrow
Right Arrow
Up Arrow
Down Arrow
Space
Esc
Most modern browsers would support it.
Nik Chankov


Scatter Plots.
For two algorithms, this generates the scatter plot of log(ERT1(df)) vs. log(ERT0(df)), where ERT0(df) is the ERT of the reference algorithm, ERT1(df) is the ERT of the algorithm of concern, both for target precision df.
Different symbols are used for different dimension (see
markers
for the order of the markers, colors
for
the corresponding colors).
The target precisions considered are in targets
: by
default 46 targets are uniformly spread on the log-scale in
10**[-8:2].
Boxes correspond to the maximum numbers of function evaluations for each algorithm in each dimension.
| Function | beautify |
Undocumented |
| Function | figure_caption |
Undocumented |
| Function | main |
Generate a scatter plot figure. |
| Function | prepare_figure_caption |
Undocumented |
| Variable | linewidth_default |
Undocumented |
| Variable | linewidth_rld_based |
Undocumented |
| Variable | markersize |
Undocumented |
| Variable | markersize_addon_beyond_maxevals |
Undocumented |
| Variable | max_evals_line_length |
Undocumented |
| Variable | offset |
Undocumented |


@*
* Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*@
@import config.ApplicationConfig
@import helpers.DateFormatter.{formatDate, formatLastAccessDate}
@import include._
@import model.Crumb
@import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormat
@import model.ApplicationViewModel
@import domain.models.developers.DeveloperSession
@import domain.models.applications.TermsOfUseStatus
@this(devMain: DevMain, leftHandNav: LeftHandNav)
@(applicationViewModel: ApplicationViewModel)(
implicit request: play.api.mvc.Request[Any],
loggedIn: DeveloperSession,
messagesProvider: MessagesProvider,
appConfig: ApplicationConfig,
navSection: String = "details"
)
@app = @{applicationViewModel.application}
@title = @{ "Application details" }
@devMain(
title = title,
userFullName = loggedIn.loggedInName,
breadcrumbs = Seq(
Crumb(title),
Crumb.application(applicationViewModel.application),
Crumb.viewAllApplications,
Crumb.home
),
leftNav = Some(leftHandNav(Option(applicationViewModel), Option(navSection))),
developerSession = Some(loggedIn)
) {
@appEnvironment(app)
Created @{formatDate(app.createdOn)}
@{formatLastAccessDate(app.lastAccess, app.createdOn) match {
case Some(formattedDate) => s"Last API call $formattedDate"
case _ => "No API called"
}}
@if(app.termsOfUseStatus == TermsOfUseStatus.AGREEMENT_REQUIRED && app.isPermittedToEditAppDetails(loggedIn.developer)) {
Warning
You must agree to the terms of use on this application.
}
| Application details |
@if(app.isPermittedToEditAppDetails(loggedIn.developer)) {
Change application details
}
|
| Application ID |
@{app.id.value} |
| Application name |
@{app.name} |
| Application description |
@if(app.description.nonEmpty<EMAIL_ADDRESS>else {None} |
| Privacy policy URL |
@{app.privacyPolicyUrl.getOrElse("None")} |
| Terms and conditions URL |
@{app.termsAndConditionsUrl.getOrElse("None")} |
@if(app.termsOfUseStatus != TermsOfUseStatus.NOT_APPLICABLE) {
| Terms of use |
|
|
| Terms of use |
@if(app.termsOfUseStatus == TermsOfUseStatus.AGREED) {
Agreed by @{app.termsOfUseAgreements.head.emailAddress} on @{DateTimeFormat.forPattern("dd MMMM yyyy").print(app.termsOfUseAgreements.head.timeStamp)}
} else {
Not agreed
}
|
@if(app.isPermittedToEditAppDetails(loggedIn.developer)) {
@if(app.termsOfUseStatus == TermsOfUseStatus.AGREED) {
Read
} else {
Read and agree
}
}
|
}
}


The video shows the aftermath of the mass suicides on Saipan Islands. The images convey how the war had adverse effects on civilian populations, and an invasion might have provoked more mass suicides.
Paul Tibbets, the pilot of the Enola Gay, describes the sheer force and power of the atomic bomb. Tibbets’s description shows how the use of the atomic bomb was a great display of force of the American weapons arsenal to Stalin and the Soviet Union.
This is a video of Japan signing the final surrender to the United States on the USS Missouri on 2 September 1945. This shows how quickly the atomic bomb was able to end the war, considering the road to the capital would have been a long and bloody one. images
In the video, President Truman communicates the political and military motives to develop and use the atomic bombs. Truman states that the power of the weapons will lead to a quick end to the war, and the US is building an arsenal far superior to any other nation in the world.
The image shows Japanese civilians threatened by the dangers of war. Dropping the atomic bombs led to Japan’s surrender and prevented countless of civilian and military casualties that would have resulted from a full scale invasion.
The image shows an American soldier tending the wounds of another soldier. Had the atomic bomb not been dropped, the gruesome effect of war would have been severely magnified.
The image shows a vehicle loaded with US troops. The same vehicle would have been used to deliver millions of soldiers into violent battle had the US carried out its planned invasion of Japan.
The image shows US troops landing in Normandy on D Day. The US invasion of German-occupied France showed how destructive mass beach landings were; the same tactics were used the US island hopping campaign and would have been used in the invasion of Japan.
The image shows a US plane lying at the floor of the Pacific Ocean. The image communicates the destructiveness of war; drawing out the war in the pacific by using the atomic bombs would have resulted in many more Air Force casualties.
The image shows the bodies of soldiers on a Pacific island beach. The image shows how devastating the war in the Pacific was.


syntactic salt
`Prev `__
S
`Next `__
--------------
**syntactic salt**: n.
The opposite of `*syntactic sugar* `__, a feature
designed to make it harder to write bad code. Specifically, syntactic
salt is a hoop the programmer must jump through just to prove that he
knows what's going on, rather than to express a program action. Some
programmers consider required type declarations to be syntactic salt. A
requirement to write **end if**, **end while**, **end do**, etc.: to
terminate the last block controlled by a control construct (as opposed
to just **end**) would definitely be syntactic salt. Syntactic salt is
like the real thing in that it tends to raise hackers' blood pressures
in an unhealthy way. Compare
`*candygrammar* <../C/candygrammar.html>`__.
--------------
+-------------------------+----------------------------+------------------------------------+
| `Prev `__ | `Up <../S.html>`__ | `Next `__ |
+-------------------------+----------------------------+------------------------------------+
| sync | `Home <../index.html>`__ | syntactic sugar |
+-------------------------+----------------------------+------------------------------------+


货币
currency:
{{x | currency}}, {{y | currency}}
currency:'￥'
{{x | currency:'￥'}}, {{y | currency:'￥'}}
currency:'￥':4
{{x | currency:'￥':4}}, {{y | currency:'￥':4}}


--- layout: default title: Resources --- {% for post in site.posts %} {% if post.category == "resources" %}


CrimPapers
Articles published on 18 April 2020
On 18 April 2020, 7 new articles were published in 7 journals.
Correction To: What’s in A Name? the Occupational Identity of Conservation and Natural Resource Oriented Law Enforcement Agencies
Utilizing Personal Values to Explain People’s Attitudes Towards Legal Norms by Wolfgang Bilsky, Ingwer Borg, Dieter Hermann
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (smes) and the Impacts of Private Policing Within An Urban Area by Jay P. Kennedy
Herman Goldstein (1931 – 2020): A Tribute by Lorraine Mazerolle
At A Crossroads? Offender Rehabilitation in Australian Prisons by Andrew Day
“Old” and “New” Mass Killing? Genocide and Politicide Occurrence and Severity During and After the Cold War by Petra Hendrickson
From Childhood Victim to Adult Criminal: Racial/ethnic Differences in Patterns of Victimization–offending Among Americans in Early Adulthood by Celia C. Lo, William Ash-Houchen, Heather M. Gerling, Tyrone C. Cheng


I am Abhishek Padghan, a second year undergraduate in Computer Science and Engineering at Indian Institute of Information Technology Nagpur. I am also been know as Hazardous120 online. I have a huge interest in Competitive programming and problem-solving. I love to spend my time doing Competitive programming at sites like Codechef, Codeforces etc. I have basic knowledge about web development (HTML, CSS and JavaScript).
For more details on the academic front, have a look at my resume.


{% extends "cfp/event/submission_base.html" %} {% load bootstrap4 %} {% load i18n %} {% block inner %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} We're glad that you want to submit something to our event. Let's get started, this won't take long. {% endblocktrans %}
{% bootstrap_form wizard.form layout='event' %} {% endblock %}


Asad ParkarFounder/Developer of ProductovoI am a student from Ramrao adik institute of technology and i completed my higher studies from Indian School Muscat. I am currently persuing my degree of computer engineering and in my free time i learn programming langauges and i want to make my career in cyber security.I am also a verified discord bot developer and one of my bots productovo has helped 1000s of people on discord. Contact MeFreelancing Servies |
| Python | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| Adobe Photoshop | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Discord.py | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Web development | ⭐⭐ |
| Adobe Premiere Pro | ⭐⭐⭐ |
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Administrator History
<IP_ADDRESS> (May 17, 2021)
- Fixed application hang when replacing cell text
- Fixed table import, in case the destination ID is less than the source ID
<IP_ADDRESS> (June 23, 2020)
- The Rights table displays view identifiers
- Fixed bugs when renaming a project and instance
<IP_ADDRESS> (January 28, 2020)
- The Interface table changed
- The Role Inheritance table added
- Selection of objects uploaded to server
- The channel creation wizard considers input channel format
- File associations
<IP_ADDRESS> (August 29, 2019)
- Possible to remove a project from the list on the start page
- An icon for inactive communication line
- Added a context menu of the configuration database tables
- When importing a communication line, device polling parameters are set by default
- An option to prepend a device name in channel names
- Binding deployment profiles to instances
- Filter of the configuration database tables
- Fixed position recovery when using two monitors
<IP_ADDRESS> (June 03, 2019)
- The application is completely redesigned
<IP_ADDRESS> (December 26, 2018)
- Works with the relevant version of Agent
- Changes due to updates of the WinControl control
<IP_ADDRESS> (May 23, 2018)
- Interaction with Agent for downloading and uploading configurations


It's a client-server world, baby. Just about everything on the network deals with client processes talking to server processes and vice-versa. Take telnet, for instance. When you connect to a remote host on port 23 with telnet (the client), a program on that host (called telnetd, the server) springs to life. It handles the incoming telnet connection, sets you up with a login prompt, etc.
The exchange of information between client and server is summarized in Figure 2.
Note that the client-server pair can speak SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, or anything else (as long as they're speaking the same thing.) Some good examples of client-server pairs are telnet/telnetd, ftp/ftpd, or bootp/bootpd. Every time you use ftp, there's a remote program, ftpd, that serves you.
Often, there will only be one server on a machine, and that server will handle multiple clients using fork(). The basic routine is: server will wait for a connection, accept() it, and fork() a child process to handle it. This is what our sample server does in the next section.
All this server does is send the string "Hello, World!\n" out over a stream connection. All you need to do to test this server is run it in one window, and telnet to it from another with:
$ telnet remotehostname 3490 |
where remotehostname is the name of the machine you're running it on.
The server code: (Note: a trailing backslash on a line means that the line is continued on the next.)
/* ** server.c -- a stream socket server demo */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <signal.h> #define MYPORT 3490 // the port users will be connecting to #define BACKLOG 10 // how many pending connections queue will hold void sigchld_handler(int s) { while(wait(NULL) > 0); } int main(void) { int sockfd, new_fd; // listen on sock_fd, new connection on new_fd struct sockaddr_in my_addr; // my address information struct sockaddr_in their_addr; // connector's address information int sin_size; struct sigaction sa; int yes=1; if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { perror("socket"); exit(1); } if (setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&yes,sizeof(int)) == -1) { perror("setsockopt"); exit(1); } my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // host byte order my_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT); // short, network byte order my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // automatically fill with my IP memset(&(my_addr.sin_zero), '\0', 8); // zero the rest of the struct if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1) { perror("bind"); exit(1); } if (listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) == -1) { perror("listen"); exit(1); } sa.sa_handler = sigchld_handler; // reap all dead processes sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask); sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == -1) { perror("sigaction"); exit(1); } while(1) { // main accept() loop sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); if ((new_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, &sin_size)) == -1) { perror("accept"); continue; } printf("server: got connection from %s\n", inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr)); if (!fork()) { // this is the child process close(sockfd); // child doesn't need the listener if (send(new_fd, "Hello, world!\n", 14, 0) == -1) perror("send"); close(new_fd); exit(0); } close(new_fd); // parent doesn't need this } return 0; } |
In case you're curious, I have the code in one big main() function for (I feel) syntactic clarity. Feel free to split it into smaller functions if it makes you feel better.
(Also, this whole sigaction() thing might be new to you--that's ok. The code that's there is responsible for reaping zombie processes that appear as the fork()ed child processes exit. If you make lots of zombies and don't reap them, your system administrator will become agitated.)
You can get the data from this server by using the client listed in the next section.
This guy's even easier than the server. All this client does is connect to the host you specify on the command line, port 3490. It gets the string that the server sends.
/* ** client.c -- a stream socket client demo */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #define PORT 3490 // the port client will be connecting to #define MAXDATASIZE 100 // max number of bytes we can get at once int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sockfd, numbytes; char buf[MAXDATASIZE]; struct hostent *he; struct sockaddr_in their_addr; // connector's address information if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr,"usage: client hostname\n"); exit(1); } if ((he=gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) { // get the host info perror("gethostbyname"); exit(1); } if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { perror("socket"); exit(1); } their_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // host byte order their_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT); // short, network byte order their_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)he->h_addr); memset(&(their_addr.sin_zero), 8); // zero the rest of the struct if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1) { perror("connect"); exit(1); } if ((numbytes=recv(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE-1, 0)) == -1) { perror("recv"); exit(1); } buf[numbytes] = '\0'; printf("Received: %s",buf); close(sockfd); return 0; } |
Notice that if you don't run the server before you run the client, connect() returns "Connection refused". Very useful.
I really don't have that much to talk about here, so I'll just present a couple of sample programs: talker.c and listener.c.
listener sits on a machine waiting for an incoming packet on port 4950. talker sends a packet to that port, on the specified machine, that contains whatever the user enters on the command line.
Here is the source for listener.c:
/* ** listener.c -- a datagram sockets "server" demo */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #define MYPORT 4950 // the port users will be connecting to #define MAXBUFLEN 100 int main(void) { int sockfd; struct sockaddr_in my_addr; // my address information struct sockaddr_in their_addr; // connector's address information int addr_len, numbytes; char buf[MAXBUFLEN]; if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) { perror("socket"); exit(1); } my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // host byte order my_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT); // short, network byte order my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // automatically fill with my IP memset(&(my_addr.sin_zero), '\0', 8); // zero the rest of the struct if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1) { perror("bind"); exit(1); } addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr); if ((numbytes=recvfrom(sockfd,buf, MAXBUFLEN-1, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, &addr_len)) == -1) { perror("recvfrom"); exit(1); } printf("got packet from %s\n",inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr)); printf("packet is %d bytes long\n",numbytes); buf[numbytes] = '\0'; printf("packet contains \"%s\"\n",buf); close(sockfd); return 0; } |
Notice that in our call to socket() we're finally using SOCK_DGRAM. Also, note that there's no need to listen() or accept(). This is one of the perks of using unconnected datagram sockets!
Next comes the source for talker.c:
/* ** talker.c -- a datagram "client" demo */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netdb.h> #define MYPORT 4950 // the port users will be connecting to int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sockfd; struct sockaddr_in their_addr; // connector's address information struct hostent *he; int numbytes; if (argc != 3) { fprintf(stderr,"usage: talker hostname message\n"); exit(1); } if ((he=gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) { // get the host info perror("gethostbyname"); exit(1); } if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) { perror("socket"); exit(1); } their_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // host byte order their_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT); // short, network byte order their_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)he->h_addr); memset(&(their_addr.sin_zero), '\0', 8); // zero the rest of the struct if ((numbytes=sendto(sockfd, argv[2], strlen(argv[2]), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr))) == -1) { perror("sendto"); exit(1); } printf("sent %d bytes to %s\n", numbytes, inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr)); close(sockfd); return 0; } |
And that's all there is to it! Run listener on some machine, then run talker on another. Watch them communicate! Fun G-rated excitement for the entire nuclear family!
Except for one more tiny detail that I've mentioned many times in the past: connected datagram sockets. I need to talk about this here, since we're in the datagram section of the document. Let's say that talker calls connect() and specifies the listener's address. From that point on, talker may only sent to and receive from the address specified by connect(). For this reason, you don't have to use sendto() and recvfrom(); you can simply use send() and recv().


A long, narrow peninsula on the eastern side of the Gulf of Thermai, the Kassandra Peninsula is the most western of the 3 "fingers" of the much larger Khalkidhiki Peninsula to the north. (The others being the Sinthonia and Akti Peninsulas).
It is connected to the mainland by a sliver of land just half a mile wide. This is bisected by a waterway, the Portas Canal.
On the western side of the peninsula there is a new C&N Marina in Sani, developed as part of an exclusive spa resort, and the fishing port of Nea Skioni. The eastern coast has several good anchorages and possible jetty berthing at Nea Fokaia, approx. 8 miles SE of the Portas Canal.
Portas Canal
This shallow canal is 1/2 mile long, min. 36m wide, and is spanned by a bridge with 17m clearance. It is dredged to 2.5m but beware of silting along the sides and at the western end. At the eastern end of the canal it is possible to anchor. There is a fuel station nearby, provisions and tavernas.
Last updated February 2015.