Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is, together with Supervised Learning and Unsupervised Learning, one of the three fundamental learning paradigms in Machine Learning. The goal in RL is to enhance the manipulation of a controlled system by using data from past experiments. It differs from supervised learning and unsupervised learning because the algorithms are not trained with a fixed sampled dataset. Rather, they learn through trial and error.
In a generic RL problem, an agent, or decision maker, interacts with an unknown environment which is influenced and evolves according to the controls, or actions, that are chosen by the agent. The control chosen in each situation is then evaluated by means of a reward signal. Based on the experience acquired in previous trials, the algorithm has to learn what actions are better in each situation, in the sense that the accumulated long-time reward is maximized.
An optimal control problem
From a mathematical viewpoint, we can see RL as an optimal control problem. The environment is described through a dynamical system of the form
At each time-step, $x_t$ represents the state of the environment, which evolves according to the function $f: \mathbb{R}^n\times \mathcal{U} \to \mathbb{R}^n$. This function might be unknown by the agent, and depends on the current state $x_t$ and the control $u_t$ chosen by the agent. This choice is then evaluated by a reward $r_t = r(x_t,u_t)$.
The reward function $r: \mathbb{R}^n\times \mathcal{U}\to \mathbb{R}$ has to be designed in such a way that the desired behavior of the system is stimulated by providing greater rewards. It is important to note that the choice of $u_t$ not only affects the reward $r_t$. It also affects the future rewards as they will depend on future states of the system. The goal in RL is not to maximize the reward $r_t$ at each time-step, but rather to maximize the reward accumulated during a certain interval of time.
The optimal control problem that we are considering consists in maximizing, over the control strategy, the rewards accumulated during a process of infinite length
The parameter $\gamma \in (0,1)$ is called a discount factor, and ensures that the sum of rewards over the time-steps is finite. This is the so-called discounted infinite-horizon problem. In many applications, the introduction of the discount factor is also motivated by the fact that the rewards obtained in the near future are considered to be more important than those obtained with a bigger delay.
It is to be pointed out that this general setting is not exhaustive, and other classes of optimal control problems can be considered in the application of RL techniques. For example, it is typical to consider stochastic dynamics, which is very suitable when the environment is considered to be unknown, or is subject to changes that we cannot control. The reward functional (2) can also have a different form (finite-time horizon, terminal reward, no discount factor,…). Although the discrete-time setting is the most common in RL, continuous-time problems can also considered.
The value function
The probably most important element in Reinforcement Learning is the optimal value function, defined as
It represents the best total reward that one can expect if the initial state is $x$. The value function satisfies the following Dynamic Programming Principle, also known as Bellman equation.
It allows the design of an optimal control in a feedback form.
The $Q$-function
In view of (3), we can construct a nearly optimal feedback control by approximating the value function $V^\ast$. But even if we were able to exactly compute the value function, the feedback law given in (3) makes use of the dynamics $f$. This means that the choice of the optimal control at a given state relies on the possibility of making predictions of what will be the next state, and as we mentioned, it is not in general the case in RL.
Therefore, rather than approximating the value function, we may concentrate our efforts on approximating the $Q$-function, defined as
It represents the best total reward that we can expect if the initial state is $x$ and the first control taken is $u$.
Observe that the optimal value function $V^\ast(x)$ determines how good is to be at a certain state $x$, whereas the function $Q(x,u)$ determines the quality of choosing $u$ given that the current state is $x$.
The $Q$-function allows the design of an optimal feedback control without using the dynamics $f$.
Using the identity $V^\ast (x) = \max_{u\in \mathcal{U}} Q(x,u)$, we can deduce the Bellman equation for the $Q$-function.
$Q$-learning
$Q$-learning is a RL algorithm, introduced by Watkins in 1989, that seeks to approximate the $Q$-function by exploring the state-control space $\mathbb{R}^n\times \mathcal{U}$. The exploration is made by running experiments of finite time-steps considering a randomized initial state. At each step, the approximation of the $Q$-function is improved by using the Dynamic Programming equation (4). During the learning process, an $\varepsilon$-greedy policy with respect to the current approximation of $Q$ is used. This policy ensures the exploration of the whole state-control space at the same time that it exploits the information obtained in previous experiments to enhance the approximation of $Q$ in regions that seem to be better in terms of total reward.
These are the main steps in the $Q$-learning algorithm.
- Initialize an arbitrary $Q$-function, $\widehat{Q}_0(x,u)$.
- Run a number $N$ of experiments (episodes) of $T$ steps each one.
- In total there will be $N\, T$ number of steps.
- $\varepsilon$-greedy policy:
and $u_k$ is chosen randomly with probability $\varepsilon$ (exploration vs exploitation).
- Improvement of $\widehat{Q}(x_t, u_t)$: after each time-step, we use the observed $(x_{t+1}, r_t)$ to improve the approximation of $Q(x_t,u_t)$ in the following way
here, $\alpha>0$ is called the learning rate.
|
|
| Figure 1. |
Example
We illustrate the $Q$-learning algorithm through a simple example. In a given two-dimensional discrete domain, we consider the problem of finding the shortest path between any position of the domain and a prescribed target area.
Let us first define the environment. We consider a discretized rectangular domain:
We want to find the shortest path between any starting position in the domain and the top center of the domain, white area in the video below. The position can be moved, at each time-step, one unit up, down, right or left, i.e. the underlying dynamics are given by
where $\tau$ is the first time the state reaches the limits of the domain. The experiment is considered a success if the terminal position is in the target area, and a defeat otherwise. The possible controls are
We denote by $\partial \Omega$ the limits of the domain (blue squares in the video), i.e.
We denote by $\mathcal{T}$ the target area (white squares)
Now we need to define a reward that makes the agent move the position from the initial one $x$ to the target area in the minimum number of steps, without reaching the limits of the domain.
Giving a negative reward when $x_t\in \Omega$ stimulates the agent to take the minimum possible number of steps until the target area.
Since the state-space $\Omega$ and the set of possible actions $\mathcal{U}$ are both finite. The $Q$-function can be represented by a table with $40\times 40$ rows and $4$ columns. The entries in this table can be learned from experiments using the $Q$-learning algorithm described above. Once we have a good approximation of $Q$, for a given position $x$, we can determine the best possible action by looking at the corresponding row in the table and taking the action corresponding to the minimum value in that row.
In the following video we see the obtained behavior after applying the $Q$-learning algorithm with 10000 experiments, with a discount factor $\gamma =0.9$, learning rate $\alpha =0.9$ and an $\varepsilon-$greedy policy with $\varepsilon = 0.9$.
The plot represents the evolution of the success rate with the number of experiments during the training.
| |
|
| Figure 2a. |
Figure 2b. |
We can change the environment by adding a potential that moves the position to the right when it is in a certain region (dark green area)
In the new environment, the agent do not know how to get to the target area.
In the following video, the agent uses the $Q$-function obtained in the original environment. However, the new dynamics are given by
| Figure 3. |
After training the $Q$-function in the new environment, it learns how to deal with the potential to get to the target area. Observe that the success rate never reaches one. This is due to the fact that there is a region in the domain (the dark green area near the right-hand limit of the domain) from which it is impossible to reach the target.
|
|
| Figure 4a. |
Figure 4b. |
We can also add obstacles in the domain, or even combine obstacles with a potential.
|
|
| Figure 5a. |
Figure 5b. |


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HOWEVER
Since you are already here, please take some time to read this! Project Piscator is a final-year capstone project by 6 students from University of Wollongong.
This product is developed using Flask with all the various plugins with a PostgreSQL as our database. For most of us, it is our first time building a project from ground up, everyone was relatively new to the Flask framework, PostgreSQL and even Scikit-learn. Our end product will be deployed on Heroku as a paid Dyno so the product will be free but it will only persist for a short time due to hosting costs.
Our source code is available here if you want to take a look.
The project ran for about half a year, with the team gradually picking up new knowledges on the framework and other development technologies. It definitely was not an easy journey to make it thus far from nothing (at least for us!), but hopefully it was a good learning experience for everyone looking to jump into software development upon graduation.
As we are nearing the end of the project, I'd just like to thank everyone in the team for trying their best to pick up technologies they were not familiar with. Not forgetting external contributors that have sent us phishing emails (intentional or not) to train our machine learning model. It has been a long journey and I hope everyone had something to take away from this project. Happy graduation everyone!
Team Lead
Jonathan
Project Piscator


Utils.node
A module containing various methods from the Node
interface. These include methods to append, remove, replace and
clone nodes. For more, see the DOM 4 specification section 5.3
(Interface Node).
Utils.node.prepend
Method that wraps insertBefore
,
which in turn appends a node-like object before
another node-like object to a
parent node-like object.
parentNode
.
Return value: Object || null
Utils.node.prependList
Method takes an array-like object
and passes each element to prepend
.
parentNode
.
Return value: Object || null
Utils.node.append
Method that “appends” a node-like object
(via appendChild
) to a parent node-like object.
parentNode
.
Return value: Object || null
Utils.node.appendList
Method takes an array-like object
and passes each element to append
.
parentNode
.
Return value: Object || null
Utils.node.remove
Method that “removes” a node-like object
(via removeChild
) from a parent
node-like object.
parentNode
.
Return value: Object || null
Utils.node.replace
Method that “replaces” a node-like object
(via replaceChild
) with a new
node-like object on a parent
node-like object.
parentNode
.
Return value: Object || null
Utils.node.clone
Method that “clones” a node-like object
(via cloneNode
); performs a “shallow”
(one level) “clone” if deep is false; performs
a “deep” (recursive) “clone” if deep is true.
Return value: Object || null
Utils.node.getName
Method that retrieves a node-like object's
nodeName
property; returns property in lower case form if
lower is true; returns property in upper case form if upper
is false; returns `null` if not applicable.
nodeName
property
will be returned in lower case or upper case form.
Return value: String || null
Utils.node.getValue
Method that retrieves a node-like object's
nodeValue
property; returns `null` if not applicable.
Return value: String || null
Utils.node.setValue
Method that overwrites a node-like object's
nodeValue
property; returns `null` if not applicable.
nodeValue
property.
Return value: String || null


Mike Jick
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08 March 2000
Disease Outbreak Reported
From 1 December 1999 until 3 March 2000, a total of 12 481 cases of cholera with 736 deaths was reported, compared with a total of 8 665 cases with 490 deaths reported during the period March to November 1999.
The WHO Regional Office for Africa has participated in various activities in response to the cholera situation and took part in the initial investigation of the outbreak in the northern part of the country in March 1999. WHO has continued to provide technical support with other partners and is standing by to provide further assistance immediately if requested by the health authorities of Madagascar.


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--- layout: default Title: Check eligibility for residents parking Breadcrumb1_title: Parking & Travel Breadcrumb1_url: section-parking.html Breadcrumb2_url: section-residents-permits.html Breadcrumb2_title: Residents parking permits ---
This property is in
Bath parking zone 2
Permits in operation
8am to 6pm Monday to Saturday
View map of zone
This property is allowed up to
2 residents parking permits
1000 hours visitor parking
(see costs and exclusions below)
This property is entitled to a maximum of 2 residents parking permits.
Residents parking and visitor parking permits can be bought online. You'll need your council tax account number in order to show that you live at this address. Applying for a permit online usually takes around 10 minutes and your permit will be activated immediately.
Buy residents or visitor permits online
If you'd prefer to use paper scratch card visitor permits, you can buy these in-person from a One-stop shop. If your name is not on the Council Tax accout where you live then please take a signed, current copy of your tenancy agreement with you.
For full permit rules please see the terms & conditions.
This property is within the catchment area for James Street West car park where a reserved space costs £401.50 for 12 months (or £200.75 for 6 months)
Due to very high demand there are currently no spaces but you can apply to join the waiting list (MS Word form, 51KB).


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title=Upgrading to JDK 7 on OSX date=2013-03-20 type=post tags=blog status=published ~~~~~~
I just made the jump to JDK 7 on OSX. I know, I know, I'm very behind, but when it comes to JDK iterations, I'm always a little behind. I guess I'm just more cowardly as I age... :) Anyway, just made the jump. This is the first release of Java on OSX that Oracle - and not Apple - is supporitng. To make it happen, simply grab the OSX JDK from the Oracle Java SE Development Kit 7 Downloads page. Once it's downloaded, double click the downloaded bundle and just follow the prompt.. there might have been two prompts, but I'd be surprised if there was, it went so quickly!
When it's installed, you should just be able to confirm the upgrade by going to the shell and typing java -version
. Interestingly, I didn't even need to reload my shell to see the new version. It all just worked! Nicely done, Oracle (for once)!
Update if, for example, you wanted to remove JDK 7, this article might help.


Character strings as attribute values are easier to use, since the strings are treated as a single unit for access. However, the value of a character-string attribute is still an array of characters with an explicit length that must be specified when the attribute is defined.
When you define a variable that will have character-string values, use a character-position dimension as the most quickly varying dimension for the variable (the first dimension for the variable in FORTRAN). The length of the character-position dimension will be the maximum string length of any value to be stored in the character-string variable. Space for maximum-length strings will be allocated in the disk representation of character-string variables whether you use the space or not. If two or more variables have the same maximum length, the same character-position dimension may be used in defining the variable shapes.
To write a character-string value into a character-string variable, use either entire variable access or array access. The latter requires that you specify both a corner and a vector of edge lengths. The character-position dimension at the corner should be one for FORTRAN. If the length of the string to be written is n, then the vector of edge lengths will specify n in the character-position dimension, and one for all the other dimensions:(n, 1, 1, ..., 1).
In FORTRAN, fixed-length strings may be written to a netCDF dataset without a terminating character, to save space. Variable-length strings should follow the C convention of writing strings with a terminating zero byte so that the intended length of the string can be determined when it is later read by either C or FORTRAN programs.
The FORTRAN interface for reading and writing strings requires the use of different functions for accessing string values and numeric values, because standard FORTRAN does not permit the same formal parameter to be used for both character values and numeric values. An additional argument, specifying the declared length of the character string passed as a value, is required for NF_PUT_VARA_TEXT and NF_GET_VARA_TEXT. The actual length of the string is specified as the value of the edge-length vector corresponding to the character-position dimension.
Here is an example that defines a record variable, tx, for character strings and stores a character-string value into the third record using NF_PUT_VARA_TEXT. In this example, we assume the string variable and data are to be added to an existing netCDF dataset named foo.nc that already has an unlimited record dimension time.
INCLUDE 'netcdf.inc' ... INTEGER TDIMS, TXLEN PARAMETER (TDIMS=2) ! number of TX dimensions PARAMETER (TXLEN = 15) ! length of example string INTEGER NCID INTEGER CHID ! char position dimension id INTEGER TIMEID ! record dimension id INTEGER TXID ! variable ID INTEGER TXDIMS(TDIMS) ! variable shape INTEGER TSTART(TDIMS), TCOUNT(TDIMS) CHARACTER*40 TXVAL ! max length 40 DATA TXVAL /'example string'/ ... TXVAL(TXLEN:TXLEN) = CHAR(0) ! null terminate ... STATUS = NF_OPEN('foo.nc', NF_WRITE, NCID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_REDEF(NCID) ! enter define mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... ! define character-position dimension for strings of max length 40 STATUS = NF_DEF_DIM(NCID, "chid", 40, CHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... ! define a character-string variable TXDIMS(1) = CHID ! character-position dimension first TXDIMS(2) = TIMEID STATUS = NF_DEF_VAR(NCID, "tx", NF_CHAR, TDIMS, TXDIMS, TXID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_ENDDEF(NCID) ! leave define mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... ! write txval into tx netCDF variable in record 3 TSTART(1) = 1 ! start at beginning of variable TSTART(2) = 3 ! record number to write TCOUNT(1) = TXLEN ! number of chars to write TCOUNT(2) = 1 ! only write one record STATUS = NF_PUT_VARA_TEXT (NCID, TXID, TSTART, TCOUNT, TXVAL) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS)
What happens when you try to read a value that was never written in an open netCDF dataset? You might expect that this should always be an error, and that you should get an error message or an error status returned. You do get an error if you try to read data from a netCDF dataset that is not open for reading, if the variable ID is invalid for the specified netCDF dataset, or if the specified indices are not properly within the range defined by the dimension lengths of the specified variable. Otherwise, reading a value that was not written returns a special fill value used to fill in any undefined values when a netCDF variable is first written.
You may ignore fill values and use the entire range of a netCDF external data type, but in this case you should make sure you write all data values before reading them. If you know you will be writing all the data before reading it, you can specify that no prefilling of variables with fill values will occur by calling NF_SET_FILL before writing. This may provide a significant performance gain for netCDF writes.
The variable attribute _FillValue may be used to specify the fill value for a variable. Their are default fill values for each type, defined in the include file netcdf.inc: NF_FILL_CHAR, NF_FILL_INT1 (same as NF_FILL_BYTE), NF_FILL_INT2 (same as NF_FILL_SHORT), NF_FILL_INT, NF_FILL_REAL (same as NF_FILL_FLOAT), and NF_FILL_DOUBLE.
The netCDF byte and character types have different default fill values. The default fill value for characters is the zero byte, a useful value for detecting the end of variable-length C character strings. If you need a fill value for a byte variable, it is recommended that you explicitly define an appropriate _FillValue attribute, as generic utilities such as ncdump will not assume a default fill value for byte variables.
Type conversion for fill values is identical to type conversion for other values: attempting to convert a value from one type to another type that can't represent the value results in a range error. Such errors may occur on writing or reading values from a larger type (such as double) to a smaller type (such as float), if the fill value for the larger type cannot be represented in the smaller type.
The function NF_RENAME_VAR changes the name of a netCDF variable in an open netCDF dataset. If the new name is longer than the old name, the netCDF dataset must be in define mode. You cannot rename a variable to have the name of any existing variable.
INTEGER FUNCTION NF_RENAME_VAR (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NEWNAM)
NCID
VARID
NAME
NF_RENAME_VAR returns the value NF_NOERR if no errors occurred. Otherwise, the returned status indicates an error. Possible causes of errors include:
Here is an example using NF_RENAME_VAR to rename the variable rh to rel_hum in an existing netCDF dataset named foo.nc:
INCLUDE 'netcdf.inc' ... INTEGER STATUS, NCID INTEGER RHID ! variable ID ... STATUS = NF_OPEN ('foo.nc', NF_WRITE, NCID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_REDEF (NCID) ! enter definition mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_INQ_VARID (NCID, 'rh', RHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_RENAME_VAR (NCID, RHID, 'rel_hum') IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_ENDDEF (NCID) ! leave definition mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS)
The function NF_VAR_PAR_ACCESS changes whether read/write operations on a parallel file system are performed collectively or independently (the default) on the variable. This function can only be called if the file was created with NF_CREATE_PAR (see NF_CREATE_PAR) or opened with NF_OPEN_PAR (see NF_OPEN_PAR).
This function is only available if the netCDF library was built with a HDF5 library for which –enable-parallel was used, and which was linked (like HDF5) to MPI libraries.
Calling this function affects only the open file - information about whether a variable is to be accessed collectively or independently is not written to the data file. Every time you open a file on a parallel file system, all variables default to independent operations. The change a variable to collective lasts only as long as that file is open.
The variable can be changed from collective to independent, and back, as often as desired.
INTEGER NF_VAR_PAR_ACCESS(INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, INTEGER ACCESS);
NCID
varid
access
NF_NOERR
NF_ENOTVAR
NF_ENOTNC4
NF_NOPAR
This example comes from test program nf_test/ftst_parallel.F. For this test to be run, netCDF must have been built with a parallel-enabled HDF5, and –enable-parallel-tests must have been used when configuring netcdf.
retval = nf_var_par_access(ncid, varid, nf_collective) if (retval .ne. nf_noerr) stop 2
Attributes may be associated with each netCDF variable to specify such properties as units, special values, maximum and minimum valid values, scaling factors, and offsets. Attributes for a netCDF dataset are defined when the dataset is first created, while the netCDF dataset is in define mode. Additional attributes may be added later by reentering define mode. A netCDF attribute has a netCDF variable to which it is assigned, a name, a type, a length, and a sequence of one or more values. An attribute is designated by its variable ID and name. When an attribute name is not known, it may be designated by its variable ID and number in order to determine its name, using the function NF_INQ_ATTNAME.
The attributes associated with a variable are typically defined immediately after the variable is created, while still in define mode. The data type, length, and value of an attribute may be changed even when in data mode, as long as the changed attribute requires no more space than the attribute as originally defined.
It is also possible to have attributes that are not associated with any variable. These are called global attributes and are identified by using NF_GLOBAL as a variable pseudo-ID. Global attributes are usually related to the netCDF dataset as a whole and may be used for purposes such as providing a title or processing history for a netCDF dataset.
Attributes are much more useful when they follow established community conventions. See Attribute Conventions.
Operations supported on attributes are:
The function NF_PUT_ATT_ type adds or changes a variable attribute or global attribute of an open netCDF dataset. If this attribute is new, or if the space required to store the attribute is greater than before, the netCDF dataset must be in define mode.
Although it's possible to create attributes of all types, text and double attributes are adequate for most purposes.
INTEGER FUNCTION NF_PUT_ATT_TEXT (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER LEN, CHARACTER*(*) TEXT) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_PUT_ATT_INT1 (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER XTYPE, LEN, INTEGER*1 I1VALS(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_PUT_ATT_INT2 (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER XTYPE, LEN, INTEGER*2 I2VALS(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_PUT_ATT_INT (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER XTYPE, LEN, INTEGER IVALS(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_PUT_ATT_REAL (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER XTYPE, LEN, REAL RVALS(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_PUT_ATT_DOUBLE(INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER XTYPE, LEN, DOUBLE DVALS(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_PUT_ATT (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER XTYPE, LEN, * VALS(*))
NCID
VARID
NAME
XTYPE
LEN
TEXT
I1VALS
I2VALS
IVALS
RVALS
DVALS
VALS
NF_PUT_ATT_ type returns the value NF_NOERR if no errors occurred. Otherwise, the returned status indicates an error. Possible causes of errors include:
Here is an example using NF_PUT_ATT_DOUBLE to add a variable attribute named valid_range for a netCDF variable named rh and a global attribute named title to an existing netCDF dataset named foo.nc:
INCLUDE 'netcdf.inc' ... INTEGER STATUS, NCID INTEGER RHID ! variable ID DOUBLE RHRNGE(2) DATA RHRNGE /0.0D0, 100.0D0/ ... STATUS = NF_OPEN ('foo.nc', NF_WRITE, NCID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_REDEF (NCID) ! enter define mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_INQ_VARID (NCID, 'rh', RHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_PUT_ATT_DOUBLE (NCID, RHID, 'valid_range', NF_DOUBLE, & 2, RHRNGE) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_PUT_ATT_TEXT (NCID, NF_GLOBAL, 'title', 19, 'example netCDF dataset') IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_ENDDEF (NCID) ! leave define mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS)
This family of functions returns information about a netCDF attribute. All but one of these functions require the variable ID and attribute name; the exception is NF_INQ_ATTNAME. Information about an attribute includes its type, length, name, and number. See the NF_GET_ATT family for getting attribute values.
The function NF_INQ_ATTNAME gets the name of an attribute, given its variable ID and number. This function is useful in generic applications that need to get the names of all the attributes associated with a variable, since attributes are accessed by name rather than number in all other attribute functions. The number of an attribute is more volatile than the name, since it can change when other attributes of the same variable are deleted. This is why an attribute number is not called an attribute ID.
The function NF_INQ_ATT returns the attribute's type and length. The other functions each return just one item of information about an attribute.
INTEGER FUNCTION NF_INQ_ATT (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER xtype, INTEGER len) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_INQ_ATTTYPE(INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER xtype) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_INQ_ATTLEN (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER len) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_INQ_ATTNAME(INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, INTEGER ATTNUM, CHARACTER*(*) name) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_INQ_ATTID (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER attnum)
NCID
VARID
NAME
xtype
len
attnum
(If you already know an attribute name, knowing its number is not very useful, because accessing information about an attribute requires its name.)
Each function returns the value NF_NOERR if no errors occurred. Otherwise, the returned status indicates an error. Possible causes of errors include:
Here is an example using NF_INQ_ATT to find out the type and length of a variable attribute named valid_range for a netCDF variable named rh and a global attribute named title in an existing netCDF dataset named foo.nc:
INCLUDE 'netcdf.inc' ... INTEGER STATUS, NCID INTEGER RHID ! variable ID INTEGER VRLEN, TLEN ! attribute lengths ... STATUS = NF_OPEN ('foo.nc', NF_NOWRITE, NCID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_INQ_VARID (NCID, 'rh', RHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_INQ_ATTLEN (NCID, RHID, 'valid_range', VRLEN) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_INQ_ATTLEN (NCID, NF_GLOBAL, 'title', TLEN) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS)
Members of the NF_GET_ATT_ type family of functions get the value(s) of a netCDF attribute, given its variable ID and name.
INTEGER FUNCTION NF_GET_ATT_TEXT (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, CHARACTER*(*) text) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_GET_ATT_INT1 (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER*1 i1vals(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_GET_ATT_INT2 (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER*2 i2vals(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_GET_ATT_INT (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER ivals(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_GET_ATT_REAL (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, REAL rvals(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_GET_ATT_DOUBLE (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, DOUBLE dvals(*)) INTEGER FUNCTION NF_GET_ATT (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, * vals(*))
NCID
VARID
NAME
TEXT
I1VALS
I2VALS
IVALS
RVALS
DVALS
VALS
NF_GET_ATT_ type returns the value NF_NOERR if no errors occurred. Otherwise, the returned status indicates an error. Possible causes of errors include:
Here is an example using NF_GET_ATT_DOUBLE to determine the values of a variable attribute named valid_range for a netCDF variable named rh and a global attribute named title in an existing netCDF dataset named foo.nc. In this example, it is assumed that we don't know how many values will be returned, but that we do know the types of the attributes. Hence, to allocate enough space to store them, we must first inquire about the length of the attributes.
INCLUDE 'netcdf.inc' ... PARAMETER (MVRLEN=3) ! max number of "valid_range" values PARAMETER (MTLEN=80) ! max length of "title" attribute INTEGER STATUS, NCID INTEGER RHID ! variable ID INTEGER VRLEN, TLEN ! attribute lengths DOUBLE PRECISION VRVAL(MVRLEN) ! vr attribute values CHARACTER*80 TITLE ! title attribute values ... STATUS = NF_OPEN ('foo.nc', NF_WRITE, NCID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_INQ_VARID (NCID, 'rh', RHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... ! find out attribute lengths, to make sure we have enough space STATUS = NF_INQ_ATTLEN (NCID, RHID, 'valid_range', VRLEN) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_INQ_ATTLEN (NCID, NF_GLOBAL, 'title', TLEN) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ! get attribute values, if not too big IF (VRLEN .GT. MVRLEN) THEN WRITE (*,*) 'valid_range attribute too big!' CALL EXIT ELSE STATUS = NF_GET_ATT_DOUBLE (NCID, RHID, 'valid_range', VRVAL) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ENDIF IF (TLEN .GT. MTLEN) THEN WRITE (*,*) 'title attribute too big!' CALL EXIT ELSE STATUS = NF_GET_ATT_TEXT (NCID, NF_GLOBAL, 'title', TITLE) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ENDIF
The function NF_COPY_ATT copies an attribute from one open netCDF dataset to another. It can also be used to copy an attribute from one variable to another within the same netCDF.
If used to copy an attribute of user-defined type, then that user-defined type must already be defined in the target file. In the case of user-defined attributes, enddef/redef is called for ncid_in and ncid_out if they are in define mode. (This is the ensure that all user-defined types are committed to the file(s) before the copy is attempted.)
INTEGER FUNCTION NF_COPY_ATT (INTEGER NCID_IN, INTEGER VARID_IN, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, INTEGER NCID_OUT, INTEGER VARID_OUT)
NCID_IN
VARID_IN
NAME
NCID_OUT
VARID_OUT
NF_COPY_ATT returns the value NF_NOERR if no errors occurred. Otherwise, the returned status indicates an error. Possible causes of errors include:
Here is an example using NF_COPY_ATT to copy the variable attribute units from the variable rh in an existing netCDF dataset named foo.nc to the variable avgrh in another existing netCDF dataset named bar.nc, assuming that the variable avgrh already exists, but does not yet have a units attribute:
INCLUDE 'netcdf.inc' ...  STATUS = NF_OPEN ('foo.nc', NF_NOWRITE, NCID1) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_OPEN ('bar.nc', NF_WRITE, NCID2) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_INQ_VARID (NCID1, 'rh', RHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_INQ_VARID (NCID2, 'avgrh', AVRHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_REDEF (NCID2) ! enter define mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ! copy variable attribute from "rh" to "avgrh" STATUS = NF_COPY_ATT (NCID1, RHID, 'units', NCID2, AVRHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_ENDDEF (NCID2) ! leave define mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS)
The function NF_RENAME_ATT changes the name of an attribute. If the new name is longer than the original name, the netCDF dataset must be in define mode. You cannot rename an attribute to have the same name as another attribute of the same variable.
INTEGER FUNCTION NF_RENAME_ATT (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME, CHARACTER*(*) NEWNAME)
NCID
VARID
NAME
NEWNAME
NF_RENAME_ATT returns the value NF_NOERR if no errors occurred. Otherwise, the returned status indicates an error. Possible causes of errors include:
Here is an example using NF_RENAME_ATT to rename the variable attribute units to Units for a variable rh in an existing netCDF dataset named foo.nc:
INCLUDE "netcdf.inc" ... INTEGER STATUS ! error status INTEGER NCID ! netCDF ID INTEGER RHID ! variable ID ... STATUS = NF_OPEN ("foo.nc", NF_NOWRITE, NCID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_INQ_VARID (NCID, "rh", RHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... ! rename attribute STATUS = NF_RENAME_ATT (NCID, RHID, "units", "Units") IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS)
The function NF_DEL_ATT deletes a netCDF attribute from an open netCDF dataset. The netCDF dataset must be in define mode.
INTEGER FUNCTION NF_DEL_ATT (INTEGER NCID, INTEGER VARID, CHARACTER*(*) NAME)
NCID
VARID
NAME
NF_DEL_ATT returns the value NF_NOERR if no errors occurred. Otherwise, the returned status indicates an error. Possible causes of errors include:
Here is an example using NF_DEL_ATT to delete the variable attribute Units for a variable rh in an existing netCDF dataset named foo.nc:
INCLUDE 'netcdf.inc' ... INTEGER STATUS ! error status INTEGER NCID ! netCDF ID INTEGER RHID ! variable ID ... STATUS = NF_OPEN ('foo.nc', NF_WRITE, NCID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... STATUS = NF_INQ_VARID (NCID, 'rh', RHID) IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) ... ! delete attribute STATUS = NF_REDEF (NCID) ! enter define mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_DEL_ATT (NCID, RHID, 'Units') IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS) STATUS = NF_ENDDEF (NCID) ! leave define mode IF (STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) CALL HANDLE_ERR(STATUS)
NetCDF version 3 includes a complete rewrite of the netCDF library. It is about twice as fast as the previous version. The netCDF file format is unchanged, so files written with version 3 can be read with version 2 code and vice versa.
The core library is now written in ANSI C. You must have an ANSI C compiler to compile this version. The FORTRAN interface is layered on top of the C interface using a different technique than was used in netCDF-2.
Rewriting the library offered an opportunity to implement improved C and FORTRAN interfaces that provide some significant benefits:
It is not necessary to rewrite programs that use the version 2 FORTRAN interface, because the netCDF-3 library includes a backward compatibility interface that supports all the old functions, globals, and behavior. We are hoping that the benefits of the new interface will be an incentive to use it in new netCDF applications. It is possible to convert old applications to the new interface incrementally, replacing netCDF-2 calls with the corresponding netCDF-3 calls one at a time.
Other changes in the implementation of netCDF result in improved portability, maintainability, and performance on most platforms. A clean separation between I/O and type layers facilitates platform-specific optimizations. The new library no longer uses a vendor-provided XDR library, which simplifies linking programs that use netCDF and speeds up data access significantly in most cases.
First, here's an example of FORTRAN code that uses the netCDF-2 interface:
! Use a buffer big enough for values of any type DOUBLE PRECISION DBUF(NDATA) REAL RBUF(NDATA) ... EQUIVALENCE (RBUF, DBUF), ... INT XTYPE ! to hold the actual type of the data INT STATUS ! for error status ! Get the actual data type CALL NCVINQ(NCID, VARID, ...,XTYPE, ...) ... ! Get the data CALL NCVGT(NCID, VARID, START, COUNT, DBUF, STATUS) IF(STATUS .NE. NCNOERR) THEN PRINT *, 'Cannot get data, error code =', STATUS ! Deal with error ... ENDIF IF (XTYPE .EQ. NCDOUBLE) THEN CALL DANALYZE(DBUF) ELSEIF (XTYPE .EQ. NCFLOAT) THEN CALL RANALYZE(RBUF) ... ENDIF
Here's how you might handle this with the new netCDF-3 FORTRAN interface:
! I want to use doubles for my analysis DOUBLE PRECISION DBUF(NDATA) INT STATUS ! So I use a function that gets the data as doubles. STATUS = NF_GET_VARA_DOUBLE(NCID, VARID, START, COUNT, DBUF) IF(STATUS .NE. NF_NOERR) THEN PRINT *, 'Cannot get data, ', NF_STRERROR(STATUS) ! Deal with error ... ENDIF CALL DANALYZE(DBUF)
The example above illustrates changes in function names, data type conversion, and error handling, discussed in detail in the sections below.
The netCDF-3 Fortran 77 library employs a naming convention intended to make netCDF programs more readable. For example, the name of the function to rename a variable is now NF_RENAME_VAR instead of the previous NCVREN.
All netCDF-3 FORTRAN function names begin with the NF_ prefix. The second part of the name is a verb, like GET, PUT, INQ (for inquire), or OPEN. The third part of the name is typically the object of the verb: for example DIM, VAR, or ATT for functions dealing with dimensions, variables, or attributes. To distinguish the various I/O operations for variables, a single character modifier is appended to VAR:
At the end of the name for variable and attribute functions, there is a component indicating the type of the final argument: TEXT, INT1, INT2, INT, REAL, or DOUBLE. This part of the function name indicates the type of the data container you are using in your program: character string, 1-byte integer, and so on.
Also, all PARAMETER names in the public FORTRAN interface begin with the prefix NF_. For example, the PARAMETER which was formerly MAXNCNAM is now NF_MAX_NAME, and the former FILFLOAT is now NF_FILL_FLOAT.
As previously mentioned, all the old names are still supported for backward compatibility.
With the new interface, users need not be aware of the external type of numeric variables, since automatic conversion to or from any desired numeric type is now available. You can use this feature to simplify code, by making it independent of external types. The elimination of type punning prevents some kinds of type errors that could occur with the previous interface. Programs may be made more robust with the new interface, because they need not be changed to accommodate a change to the external type of a variable.
If conversion to or from an external numeric type is necessary, it is handled by the library. This automatic conversion and separation of external data representation from internal data types will become even more important in netCDF version 4, when new external types will be added for packed data for which there is no natural corresponding internal type, for example, arrays of 11-bit values.
Converting from one numeric type to another may result in an error if the target type is not capable of representing the converted value. (In netCDF-2, such overflows can only happen in the XDR layer.) For example, a REAL may not be able to hold data stored externally as an NF_DOUBLE (an IEEE floating-point number). When accessing an array of values, an NF_ERANGE error is returned if one or more values are out of the range of representable values, but other values are converted properly.
Note that mere loss of precision in type conversion does not return an error. Thus, if you read double precision values into an INTEGER, for example, no error results unless the magnitude of the double precision value exceeds the representable range of INTEGERs on your platform. Similarly, if you read a large integer into a REAL incapable of representing all the bits of the integer in its mantissa, this loss There are two new functions in netCDF-3 that don't correspond to any netCDF-2 functions: NF_INQ_LIBVERS and NF_STRERROR. The version ation The previous implementation returned an error when the same dimension was used more than once in specifying the shape of a variable in ncvardef. This restriction is relaxed in the netCDF-3 implementation, because an autocorrelation matrix is a good example where using the same dimension twice makes sense.
In the new interface, units for the IMAP argument to the NF_PUT_VARM and NF_GET_VARM families of functions are now in terms of the number of data elements of the desired internal type, not in terms of bytes as in the netCDF version-2 mapped access interfaces.
Following is a table of netCDF-2 function names and names of the corresponding netCDF-3 functions. For parameter lists of netCDF-2 functions, see the netCDF-2 User's Guide.
NCABOR
NCACPY
NCADEL
NCAGT
NCAGTC
NCAINQ
NCANAM
NCAPT
Input parameters are in upper case, output parameters are in lower case. The FORTRAN types of all the parameters are listed alphabetically by parameter name below the function declarations.


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Fresh Tomatoes uses the TMDb API but is not endorsed or certified by TMDb


Sundays at 8:30pm on TVNZ 1
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| DOSE: T+ 0:00 |
4 hits |
oral |
LSD |
(gel tab) |
| T+ 0:25 |
6 joints/cigs |
smoked |
Cannabis |
(plant material) |
Ok this was the first time I had ever done a hard drug in my life. I have always done mushrooms, so I figured that acid would be somewhat similar, just stronger. My parents were gone for a week, so it was perfect, if anything went wrong, we would have plenty of time to recover. So once we had the acid, we were pumped. We each took 4 gel tabs, and we had alot of weed ready to smoke.
 After about 10 minutes of non stop laughing, I noticed that the wind was blowing, and I became very indulged in nature. It was like I was a part of it, I could feel and sense everything about the tree's and the ground.
I tryed to calm myself, but realized it was the drugs, nothing was wrong. Until I wasn't with my friends anymore, at least the friends I did the acid with. I was on a boat, in a lake. I asked myself how the hell I got there, and they all gave me a strange look, beyond strange. And then, yet again, I became strongly influenced by nature, I could feel the soft breeze, and it felt good, I could sense the roots of tree's absorbing water from the ground.
This shouldn't have been happening, I knew the drugs were strong, but I could tell that this wasn't a drug affect. On the way in from the lake, I noticed a large bridge to my left, there was a dinosaur underneath it, trying to break it down. I just looked away and consentrated on nature. My mind was calmed by it, my mental self was so strong that I could just focus on something other than my trip. When I opened my eyes, there was a man in the water trying to kill a seagull, so I suggested we should have a BBQ. This made no sense at all, but seemed like a good idea at the time. My idea was turned down and we went home.
After we arrived, I went for a run.  On my way back, I incountered my good friend Jeff, and we talked for a while. As we were discussing something, these two fat kids started hitting me, so I started to run, but it was like gravity was holding me back, I couldn't move fast enough. So I turned around and screamed at the top of my lungs and broke free from gravity. I ran home, to find that the house was being turned into a wendy's resteraunt.
I closed my eyes, and went to nature, and it felt so good, I kept my eyes closed for a long time. I was convinced that if I kept them closed, I would go unconcious, and everything would be better, but it didn't work, although, when I opened my eyes, I was back, at my house, with my two friends. They kept saying 'snap out of it man, your parents will be home any minute!' I told them that there was nothing to worry about, my parents were gone for a week, I told them to snap out of it.
After I said this, the 'out of it' kept repeating in my head, until I was completely out of it, and then, thank goodness I passed out. When I woke up, I was in the woods outside my house, laying in between two large tree's, with dirt spread ontop of my chest, and my legs were in a small puddle of water. I felt calm, and although the trip was over, I could still feel the tree's, and the soft breeze blowing on me.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Juno <IP_ADDRESS> is a major update.
The biggest change is that the RestSerializer, RestParser, RestSerializerGroup, and RestParserGroup classes have been eliminated entirely.
Instead, the existing {@link oaj.serializer.Serializer}, {@link oaj.parser.Parser}, SerializerGroup, and ParserGroup classes of the core API have been augmented to replace them.
Adoptions will be required if you have previously used these classes.
Core API changes
-
New org.apache.juneau.serializer package.
- Entirely reworked class hierarchy to make it easier to define new serializers.
- New {@link oaj.serializer.WriterSerializer} base class for defining character-based serializers.
- New {@link oaj.serializer.OutputStreamSerializer} base class for defining byte-based serializers.
- Updated
SerializerGroup class with full support for RFC2616 Accept-Content headers.
- Improved cloning support on serializers and serializer groups.
-
New org.apache.juneau.parser package.
- Entirely reworked class hierarchy to make it easier to define new parsers.
- New {@link oaj.parser.ReaderParser} base class for defining character-based parsers.
- New {@link oaj.parser.InputStreamParser} base class for defining byte-based parsers.
- Improved cloning support on parsers and parser groups.
-
New org.apache.juneau.swap package.
- Cleaner class structure.
- Improved
BeanFilter class for defining property filters on beans.
- Improved
PojoQuery class for defining filters on objects (previously called ObjectFilter).
-
New org.apache.juneau.encoders package.
- Defines API for {@link oaj.encoders.Encoder Encoders} for enabling compression in REST servlets and clients.
- Previously, gzip compression was enabled by default. This new API allows you to plug in your own compression algorithms.
- New {@link oaj.encoders.GzipEncoder} class for enabling gzip compression.
- New
EncoderGroup class for managing multiple encoders and finding them based on RFC2616 Accept-Encoding header values.
-
New org.apache.juneau.plaintext package.
- New {@link oaj.plaintext.PlainTextSerializer} and {@link oaj.plaintext.PlainTextParser} classes for serializing/parsing text/plain content.
-
New org.apache.juneau.jso package.
- New
JsoSerializer class for serializing application/x-java-serialized-object content.
-
New org.apache.juneau.soap package.
- New {@link oaj.soap.SoapXmlSerializer} class for serializing text/xml+soap content.
-
Improved cloning support on the {@link oaj.BeanContext} class.
- Better caching. Improved caching performance.
-
JsonMap and JsonList changed to
ObjectMap and ObjectList to better reflect that they're not limited to just JSON support.
-
Renamed PojoSwap to
PojoQuery to not confuse it with the new Filter API.
REST server API changes
-
Eliminated org.apache.juneau.rest.serializers and org.apache.juneau.rest.parsers packages.
- All existing REST serializers and parsers merged into the core API.
REST client API changes
-
Simplified {@link oajrc.RestClient} API.
- You can now only specify a single serializer or parser per client. This significantly simplifies the code.
- Support for {@link oaj.encoders.Encoder Encoders}.
-
Eliminated RestCmdLine (since it's essentially redundant with CURL).


Message from the President of the Mediterranean Control Association (MCA) |
|
The Mediterranean Control Association (MCA) is the sponsoring, parent organization, which selects the organizers and venues, and oversees all the MED conferences. MCA was founded in 1998 and is registered in Cyprus as a non-profit organization (see the MCA website at www.med-control.org). The very first MED took place in 1993 in Chania, Greece and over the next quarter century the MED has been in Cyprus, Malta, Italy, France, Croatia, Turkey, Israel, Portugal, Morocco, Spain and several times in Greece (for a complete list of the MED conferences, see www.med-control.org). This year we are meeting for the second time in Croatia. Dubrovnik, Croatia was the venue for the 9th MED Conference, MED ’01. The MED conferences have always been about bringing together researchers in the area of Control Systems and Automation from the Mediterranean countries, who share much more than technical interests, among other things, culture and history. Since the beginning, the MED conferences have been technically co-sponsored by the IEEE Control Systems Society and the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society, and they have consistently kept high quality standards both in the technical program and the conference organization. This is primarily due to the authors, who submit technically sound papers, and also to the tremendous effort of all the volunteers involved in the technical evaluation of these papers and in the organization of the conferences. I would like to take this opportunity to thank them all for their time, effort and wonderful work. Thank you! As a reminder, the MED Conference Proceedings may be found on line in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. The Proceedings of early MED Conferences may be downloaded from www.med-control.org. Looking ahead, the next MED, MED ’19, goes to Akko (Acre), Israel (July 1-4, 2019) and I am looking forwards to seeing you all there, as well!  Thank you for your participation and contributions to MED ’18! Panos Antsaklis, PresidentMediterranean Control Association (MCA) |


What do you see when you look at me?
 But when he meets a young girl under the control of ultra-violent Russian gangsters, he can't stand idly by - he has to help her.
One last ride.
Deckard Shaw seeks revenge against Dominic Toretto and his family for his comatose brother.
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Thank you for your interest in being part of the team for the 10th Anniversary New York City Asian American Student Conference! Further details and the application can be found below.
If you are a High School student, please apply via our High School Liaison Program.
The New York City Asian American Student Conference (NYCAASC) is a student run intercollegiate organization dedicated to addressing issues pertinent to Asian/Pacific/Americans on local, national, and global scales. Organized by a committee of representatives from New York University, Columbia University/Barnard College, CUNY, SUNY, and Fordham University, NYCAASC provides an accessible space every April for activists and student leaders to engage in dialogue on racial and sociopolitical matters. Featuring interactive workshops alongside local and nationally based speakers and performers, the conference is structured to encourage solidarity and initiative both within the community and beyond.
Descriptions of committees can be found here.
If you are interested in becoming a part of NYCAASC, please fill out the form below. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis. However, the priority deadline for applications is Sunday, November 13th, at 11:59 PM. Feel free to email any questions or concerns you may have to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Applicants may be sent an e-mail for an interview.


0
0
:
0
0
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"Just making sure that upon meeting with me, none start with:
'Hey, what's up?'
"
Some ways to get in touch
2019
[Oct 22]
Accepted a job offer from
LeapMind Inc.
1
[Aug 10]
Graduated from
IIIT Hyderabad
with a BTech and MS (thesis-based) in Computer Science and Engineering.
[Feb 01]
Paper
accepted in
ICASSP 2019
on head pose estimation.
1. Starting from Jan 6, 2020.
2018
[Aug 03]
Joining CLPS @ Brown University as a Research Assistant for
SerreLab
2
to work with
Prof. Thomas Serre
.
[July 04]
Paper
accepted in
BMVC 2018
on action recognition using graph convolutional networks.
2. Starting from Sep 7, 2018.


Red October
Create
Summary
Delegate
Change Password
Modify User
Encrypt
Decrypt
Red October Management
Create vault/admin
User name
Password
Create Admin
User summary
User name
Password
Get Summary
Current Delegations
All Users
Delegate
User name
Password
Delegation Time
(e.g., 2h34m)
Uses
Delegate
Change password
User name
Password
New password
Change password
Modify User
Admin User
Admin Password
User to modify
(e.g., Carol)
Command
Revoke Admin Status
Make Admin
Delete User
Modify user
Encrypt data
Admin User
Admin Password
Minimum number of user for access
Owners
(comma separated users)
Data
(not base64 encoded)
Encrypt!
Decrypt data
Admin User
Admin Password
Data
Decrypt!


Task 1.2.4 - Add In-Memory Caching
Now that you have a running PWA, we'd like you to improve the speed and performance of the Web App.
Prerequisites
This task has a dependency on Task 1.2.1 and all of it's prerequisites.
Task
- The website currently loads its data from static JSON files in its
wwwroot\Data
folder. Speed up the performance of your website by caching values that are being used by controllers on your website. For example, after enabling caching, update the GenerateDropdowns
method in ReceivingsController.cs
to cache the results.
- Update the local JSON files while you are running and notice the data does not update when you refresh.
- Experiment with different cache sliding expirations to see what happens when you use a more or less frequent expiration and change the local data.
- Once the tasks in Section 4 are done, the site will have been updated by your team to get the data from the Shipping and Orders APIs. You can use the caching features to cache the data from the API, and include code to invalidate your cached data from the API after expiration.
@ 3:37am
I found this guide that explains how in-memory caching works with ASP.NET Core.


Junior Design is a two semester class at Georgia Tech. This class requires a team of 5 people, constant communication with a client, deliverables and each member has a role to fulfill.
Our team project included working with the University of Alabama and their administrators office. We specifically evaluated the class enrollment at UAB. Students would sign up for a course in the beginning of the semester and then drop the class later in the semester. Because of the fluctuation in class size, administrators would often open up or close class sections unnecessarily. Even though all the data is available, the results are hard to evaluate and base decisions on. This lack of predictive analytics leads to inefficient use of administrators time and classroom utilization.
Our team decided to build an application that creates a data visualization using past enrollment and waitlist data. We wanted the application to be able to filter/search, provide accurate statistics and predictions on class capacity. We choose a web application because it suits our administrator’s needs and it’s easy to use.
The first important part of the page is branding. We went with calling our platform skim, to allude to the idea you could “skim” for the optimal class combinations to best allocate classrooms and teachers based on student need. The branding is a play on words of skim to refer to skim milk, and adds a layer of friendly and personified branding through the skim milk mascot. We took inspiration from courseoff.com for Georgia Tech and how the class scheduling works on that platform.
Users can either search for the course, our the fields will autopopulate when the user inputs a CRN number.We utilized a dashboard for quick information access per filtered class. The dashboard includes Dashboard expected student capacity, predicted dropped students, and waitlist acceptance rate. The graph Comparing semesters to the average, will allow us to better predict whether or not we need to open another course. The average line is default.


Text source name = 11319941.txt
y down-regulate synaptic activity in the striatum [45]. Another gene that falls into the Bsc10a interval is Macs, the gene encoding the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS protein). This molecule is important in cerebral development. MARCKS-deficient mice have a high incidence of exenceph
Text source name = 11604102.txt
was isolated by 5' RACE [15]. The near fall length cDNA consists of a 53 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame for a protein of 405 amino acid residues, and a 362 bp 3' UTR (GenBank Accession No: AF225910). The coding region shares 89% similarity with that of the human orthologue. The 3' UTR
Text source name = 11604102.txt
reading frame and results in a shorter Prrp with a different C-terminal end sequence. Figure 1 Evolutionary conservation of the DAZAP1 proteins. The amino acid sequences of the human and mouse DAZAP1s and the Xenopus Prrp are compared. The two RNA binding domains are boxed. Differences between the human and
Text source name = 11604102.txt
nant protein containing the C-terminal proline-rich portion, and the anti DAZAP1-P antibody was raised against an oligopeptide containing the last 19 amino acid residue at the C-terminus. Both antibodies recognized in vitro synthesized DAZAP1 in an immunoprecipitation assay (data not shown). Western blotting
Text source name = 11604102.txt
BDS) and a C-terminal portion that is rich in proline (Figure 1). It is highly conserved evolutionarily. The mouse and the human proteins differ in 9 amino acids only, with 7 substitutions and two deletions/insertions. The mammalian proteins shares 89% similarity and 81% identity with Xenopus Prrp (for proline
Text source name = 11597317.txt
bination in the human pancreatic tumor cell line CAPAN-1. CAPAN-1 cells carry a deletion of BRCA2 on one homolog and codes for a protein truncated at amino acid 1981 on the other homolog. The authors indicate that the level of I-SceI-induced recombination in CAPAN-1 is over 100-fold less than that seen using
Text source name = 11597317.txt
ein are, like many cancer cells, genetically unstable and accumulate gross chromosomal rearrangements [5,6]. The sequence of this large protein (3418 amino acids) offers very little clue to its function, although there are eight repeated segments (termed BRC repeats) in the middle of the protein that are highl
Text source name = 11319941.txt
al forebrain [27, 50]. Brain volume and neuron number It has previously been shown that differences in brain weight are proportional to total brain DNA content and consequently to total CNS cell number [51, 52]. For this reason, brain weight has been suggested to be a good surrogate measure for total
Text source name = 11319941.txt
ure was .81 (P < .05), which is similar to the reliability seen in previous estimates of neuron number [39, 40]. Genotyping and QTL Mapping Genomic DNA was extracted from spleens of F2 animals using a high-salt procedure [63]. A set of 82 microsatellite loci distributed across all autosomes and the X
Text source name = 11597317.txt
ty gene BRCA2 in DNA repair. Moynahan et al provide genetic data indicating a requirement for BRCA2 in homology-dependent (recombinational) repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The second paper, by Davies et al, begins to address the mechanism through which BRCA2 makes its contribution to recombinationa
Text source name = 11532192.txt
d as they contain most ocular structures. Analysis of Myoc Exons and the proximal promoter of the mouse Myoc gene were amplified from mouse genomic DNA using the following combinations of primers: Exon 1: 5'-cttgcaggagaactttccagaa-3' and 5'-atctcgaaggagattgttatagg-3' 5'-gaccagctggagacccaaaccag-3' a
Text source name = 11319941.txt
l portion of Chr 10 in proximity with a number of genes known to affect brain development. One of these is Grk2, a member of the family of ionotropic glutamate receptor genes that is thought to play a role in modulating Huntington disease [44]. In the mouse, members of this receptor type act to indirectly do
Text source name = 11604102.txt
at the junctions were verified by DNA sequencing. Milligrams of fusion proteins between thioredoxin and DAZAP1 were prepared and purified on His-Bind metal chelation resins (Novagen, Madison, WI). The proteins were mixed with Freund's adjuvant and injected into rabbits to generate the anti-DAZAPl-C antib
Text source name = 11532192.txt
ormalin fixative) processed, paraffin embedded and sectioned as previously reported [15,79], except that the paraformaldehyde was buffered with 0.1 M phosphate buffer. All strains other than CBA/CaHN and C57BLKS/J strains were evaluated. The eyes of CBA/CaJ and BALB/cJ mice were also fixed and processed for
Text source name = 11604102.txt
tion element (VLE) is sufficient for the migration and clustering of Vg1 mRNA to the vegetal cortex of mature oocyte. Prrp also interacts through its proline-rich domain with two microfilament-associated proteins profilin and Mena, which may facilitate the anchoring of Vg1 mRNA to the vegetal cortex. The V
Text source name = 11604102.txt
o acids only, with 7 substitutions and two deletions/insertions. The mammalian proteins shares 89% similarity and 81% identity with Xenopus Prrp (for proline-rich RNA binding protein) [16]. The two RBDs are especially highly conserved. They share 98% and 97% similarity and 97% and 92% identity, respectivel
Text source name = 11604102.txt
interacts with both the Y chromosome-encoded DAZ and an autosome-encoded DAZ-like protein, DAZL. DAZAP1 contains two RNA-binding domains (RBDs) and a proline-rich C-terminal portion, and is expressed most abundantly in the testis. To understand the biological function of DAZAP1 and the significance of its
Text source name = 11604102.txt
e segments probably contain regulatory elements. The DAZAP1 protein contains two RNA-binding domains (RBDS) and a C-terminal portion that is rich in proline (Figure 1). It is highly conserved evolutionarily. The mouse and the human proteins differ in 9 amino acids only, with 7 substitutions and two deleti
Text source name = 11604102.txt
in, two antibodies against mouse DAZAP1 were generated. The anti DAZAP1-C antibody was raised against a recombinant protein containing the C-terminal proline-rich portion, and the anti DAZAP1-P antibody was raised against an oligopeptide containing the last 19 amino acid residue at the C-terminus. Both ant
Text source name = 11604102.txt
and 97% and 92% identity, respectively, between DAZAP1 and Prrp. These proteins may therefore have a similar RNA binding specificity. The C-terminal proline-rich portions of DAZAP1 and Prrp are less conserved (81% similarity and 71% identity). There is an insertion of a 58 bp segment in Prrp cDNA that cau
Text source name = 11604102.txt
associated proteins (DAZAPs) [14]. One of them, DAZAP1, is expressed predominantly in testes. It encodes a protein with two RNA binding domains and a proline rich C-terminal portion. The DAZAP1 protein interacted with both DAZ and DAZL in vitro. It also bound to RNA homopolymers. We now report our characte
Text source name = 11604102.txt
nteraction with DAZ and DAZL, we isolated and characterized the mouse Dazap1 gene, and studied its expression and the subcellular localization of its protein product. Results The human and mouse genes have similar genomic structures and map to syntenic chromosomal regions. The mouse and human DAZAP1 prot


Hello my love, how are you?, This is the first email I send from GO to someone other than myself{{.Name}}
I just want to tell you that I love and adore you a whole world, our daughter also adores you, you are her life, her sun and her moon, her present and her future.
She counts on us to grow, to feel safe, happy, full.


WITNESS LIST International Relations, Trade & Technology Committee January 29, 1997-1:00P DIR Video Inventory Report On: Brandt, C.J. Jr. (Dept. of Info Resources), Austin Purcell, Carolyn (Dept. of Info.Resources), Austin Treadway, Tom (General Services Comm.), Ausitn Registering, but not testifying: On: Abdeladim, Rita (Dept. of Info Resources), Austin Esquivel, Eddie (Dept. of Info Resources), Austin


First we would like to produce our self to you we are the owners of CookiesShop
New locations and addresses for cookiesshop we are now in :
- -------
- Seattle
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- Paris
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- Dubai
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- Tokyo
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- Lima
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New locations and addresses for cookiesshop we are now in :


Try to get the highest score by answering each question correctly before time runs out! Each question answered incorrectly takes time off the timer. At the end of the quiz, or when the timer runs out you will be asked to log your high score. Good Luck!


[Gecode] Important change for commiting to alternatives
Christian Schulte
schulte at imit.kth.se
Tue Aug 17 14:28:12 CEST 2004
Dear all,
I just rectified an annoying design inconsistency in the way how commit for
spaces and branchings has been handeled: for a space with n alternatives the
alternatives were referred to by 1...n (which is of course bad in a C/C++
context). I fixed it to go from 0...(n-1).
This means that you have to adapt the search engines in Alice.
Cheers
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, http://www.imit.kth.se/~schulte/
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


import {MatSliderHarness} from '@angular/material/slider/testing';
MatSliderHarness
extends
ComponentHarness
Harness for interacting with a MDC mat-slider in tests.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
|
async
getEndThumb
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the thumb (for single point sliders), or the end thumb (for range sliders). |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<MatSliderThumbHarness>
|
|
async
getMaxValue
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the maximum value of the slider. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<number>
|
|
async
getMinValue
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the minimum value of the slider. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<number>
|
|
async
getStartThumb
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the start thumb of the slider (only applicable for range sliders). |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<MatSliderThumbHarness>
|
|
async
getStep
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the value step increments of the slider. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<number>
|
|
async
host
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets a |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<TestElement>
|
|
async
isDisabled
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets whether the slider is disabled. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<boolean>
|
|
async
isRange
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets whether the slider is a range slider. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<boolean>
|
|
static
with
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets a |
|
| Parameters | |
|
options SliderHarnessFilters = {}
|
Options for filtering which input instances are considered a match. |
| Returns | |
HarnessPredicate<T>
|
a |
MatSliderThumbHarness
extends
ComponentHarness
Harness for interacting with a thumb inside of a Material slider in tests.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
|
async
blur
|
|
|---|---|
|
Blurs the thumb and returns a promise that indicates when the action is complete. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<void>
|
Promise that resolves when the action completes. |
async
focus
|
|
|---|---|
|
Focuses the thumb and returns a promise that indicates when the action is complete. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<void>
|
Promise that resolves when the action completes. |
async
getDisplayValue
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the text representation of the slider's value. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<string>
|
|
async
getId
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the id of the thumb. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<string>
|
|
async
getMaxValue
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the maximum value of the thumb. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<number>
|
|
async
getMinValue
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the minimum value of the thumb. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<number>
|
|
async
getName
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the name of the thumb. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<string>
|
|
async
getPercentage
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the current percentage value of the slider. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<number>
|
|
async
getPosition
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the position of the thumb inside the slider. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<ThumbPosition>
|
|
async
getValue
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets the value of the thumb. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<number>
|
|
async
host
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets a |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<TestElement>
|
|
async
isDisabled
|
|
|---|---|
|
Whether the thumb is disabled. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<boolean>
|
|
async
isFocused
|
|
|---|---|
|
Whether the thumb is focused. |
|
| Returns | |
Promise<boolean>
|
|
async
setValue
|
|
|---|---|
|
Sets the value of the thumb. |
|
| Parameters | |
|
newValue number
|
|
| Returns | |
Promise<void>
|
Promise that resolves when the action completes. |
static
with
|
|
|---|---|
|
Gets a |
|
| Parameters | |
|
options SliderThumbHarnessFilters = {}
|
Options for filtering which thumb instances are considered a match. |
| Returns | |
HarnessPredicate<T>
|
a |
SliderHarnessFilters
A set of criteria that can be used to filter a list of MatSliderHarness
instances.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
|
Only find instances which match the given disabled state. |
|
Filters out only range/non-range sliders. |
SliderThumbHarnessFilters
A set of criteria that can be used to filter a list of MatSliderThumbHarness
instances.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
|
Filters out slider thumbs with a particular position. |


{% extends "multifactor/base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block card_title %}Help with Multifactor{% endblock %} {% block container_class %}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Traditionally you have logged in with a username and password, maybe directly, maybe through a single sign-in portal. It's a tried and tested authentication system but it's weak. People pick bad passwords, enter them into the wrong places, write them down on paper, give them to the wrong people.
Credentials are something you know. Multi-factor authentication adds different types of factor, like something you have (a USB security token, your phone), or something you are (fingerprint, voice scan, location). For somebody to break in, they would need your credentials and the (eg) Security USB key you keep on your keychain. It dramatically decreases the threat of phishing and data breaches.
These are one-time-passcodes over transports like SMS or Email. They are secondary factors but they are usually weaker, more insecure and commonly more inconvenient than plugging in a USB key. They are however, a good defence from getting locked out when your primary factors aren't available.
When you request to authenticate with a secondary factor, we send a the same OTP to all your devices. If you get a message like this and didn't request it, it could mean your main account is compromised.
Contact your system administrator immediately. They can deactivate or remove your active factors, allowing you to add another.
We recommend you keep a backup secondary factor. Having a FIDO2 token is convenient (eg just leave your keys plugged in while you're at your computer) but having a TOPT authenticator will serve as a suitable backup if you misplace your keys. Additional factors can dilute over-all security.
{% endblock %}


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Overview
Package
Class
Use
Tree
Deprecated
Index
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Summary:
Nested |
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org.dyn4j
Interface Listener
All Known Subinterfaces:
BoundsListener
,
CollisionListener
,
ContactListener
,
ConvexCastListener
,
DestructionListener
,
RaycastListener
,
StepListener
,
TimeOfImpactListener
All Known Implementing Classes:
BoundsAdapter
,
CollisionAdapter
,
ContactAdapter
,
ConvexCastAdapter
,
DestructionAdapter
,
RaycastAdapter
,
StepAdapter
,
TimeOfImpactAdapter
public interface
Listener
Marker interface for all listener objects.
Since:
3.1.0
Version:
3.1.0
Author:
William Bittle
Overview
Package
Class
Use
Tree
Deprecated
Index
Help
Prev Class
Next Class
Frames
No Frames
All Classes
Summary:
Nested |
Field |
Constr |
Method
Detail:
Field |
Constr |
Method


This Case is not assigned to any District Office
District Office
*
Select
{{do.doCd + ' ' + do.doName}}
Assign Worker:
Name:
{{currentDo.doName}}
Address:
{{currentDo.doAdrLine1 + ', ' + currentDo.doCity + ', ' + currentDo.doZipCode}}
Created By:
{{currentDo.createFirstName + ' ' + currentDo.createLastName}}
0">
Previous District Office(s)
0">
| DO Code |
DO Name |
Created Date |
| {{do.doCd}} |
{{do.doName}} |
{{(do.beginDt)?do.beginDt.split(' ')[0]:null}} |


jiaxing is the famous city . It is the most populous city in the zhejiang, with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
Standing on the River Thames, jiaxing has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the yellow river, who named it mother.


new Frame(index, x, y, width, height, name) A Frame is a single frame of an animation and is part of a FrameData collection. Parameters: Name Type Description index number The index of this Frame within the FrameData set it is being added to. x number X position of the frame within the texture image. y number Y position of the frame within the texture image. width number Width of the frame within the texture image. height number Height of the frame within the texture image. name string The name of the frame. In Texture Atlas data this is usually set to the filename. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 19 Members bottom :number The bottom of the frame (y + height). Source - animation/Frame.js, line 126 centerX :number Center X position within the image to cut from. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 54 centerY :number Center Y position within the image to cut from. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 59 distance :number The distance from the top left to the bottom-right of this Frame. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 64 height :number Height of the frame. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 44 index :number The index of this Frame within the FrameData set it is being added to. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 24 name :string Useful for Texture Atlas files (is set to the filename value). Source - animation/Frame.js, line 49 right :number The right of the Frame (x + width). Source - animation/Frame.js, line 121 rotated :boolean Rotated? (not yet implemented) Source - animation/Frame.js, line 70 rotationDirection :string Either 'cw' or 'ccw', rotation is always 90 degrees. Default Value: 'cw' Source - animation/Frame.js, line 76 sourceSizeH :number Height of the original sprite before it was trimmed. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 92 sourceSizeW :number Width of the original sprite before it was trimmed. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 87 spriteSourceSizeH :number Height of the trimmed sprite. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 116 spriteSourceSizeW :number Width of the trimmed sprite. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 110 spriteSourceSizeX :number X position of the trimmed sprite inside original sprite. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 98 spriteSourceSizeY :number Y position of the trimmed sprite inside original sprite. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 104 trimmed :boolean Was it trimmed when packed? Source - animation/Frame.js, line 82 width :number Width of the frame. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 39 x :number X position within the image to cut from. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 29 y :number Y position within the image to cut from. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 34 Methods clone() ? {Phaser.Frame} Clones this Frame into a new Phaser.Frame object and returns it. Note that all properties are cloned, including the name, index and UUID. Returns: Phaser.Frame - An exact copy of this Frame object. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 183 getRect(out) ? {Phaser.Rectangle} Returns a Rectangle set to the dimensions of this Frame. Parameters: Name Type Argument Description out Phaser.Rectangle <optional> A rectangle to copy the frame dimensions to. Returns: Phaser.Rectangle - A rectangle. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 206 resize(width, height) Adjusts of all the Frame properties based on the given width and height values. Parameters: Name Type Description width integer The new width of the Frame. height integer The new height of the Frame. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 132 setTrim(trimmed, actualWidth, actualHeight, destX, destY, destWidth, destHeight) If the frame was trimmed when added to the Texture Atlas this records the trim and source data. Parameters: Name Type Description trimmed boolean If this frame was trimmed or not. actualWidth number The width of the frame before being trimmed. actualHeight number The height of the frame before being trimmed. destX number The destination X position of the trimmed frame for display. destY number The destination Y position of the trimmed frame for display. destWidth number The destination width of the trimmed frame for display. destHeight number The destination height of the trimmed frame for display. Source - animation/Frame.js, line 153


After the last two cookbook style blog entries on a basic CLI with a simple service with Go there needed to be some organization around the projects. Here’s the next steps on getting those projects organized.
1.  They include the following three directories:
- src - Used to store the Go source files.
- pkg - This contains the package objects.
- bin - As in so many other projects with compilable code, this contains the binary executable commands.
The Go tool specifically uses this directory structure to place the respective files in the respective directories. One thing that isn’t entirely obvious is that the src
directory is the only directory that should be put in source control.
Let’s setup one of the existing projects, I’ll take the golang-cli that I wrote about here and set it up according to the actual workspace configuration that go tool expects.
Create a directory to use as the workspace and then create the three directories. I’m going to create this workspace directory within my own code project directory that I call Codez
. It’s a directory I put all of my code projects of varying sorts in, be it C++, Erlang, or F# they all are somewhere in this directory.
mkdir GOLANG_WORK
cd GOLANG_WORK
mkdir src bin pkg
2. GOPATH Environment Variable
The GOPATH environment variable specifies the location of the working area for Go coding. It’s setup, and in this particular situation it would point to the GOLANG_WORK
directory that I just created previously.
$ export GOPATH=$HOME/Codez/GOLANG_WORK
I wanted to have this upon restart, so I added an appropriate append to the $PATH variable by adding this to my ~/.bash_profile
file.
# GO Path Workspace
export GOPATH=~/Codez/GOLANG_WORK
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
With a simple sourcing of the file the new path variables were ready for use.
source ~/.bash_profile
Next I pulled in the previous projects. I’ll use these projects to show how the various Go tools work. I simply cloned both of them into the src
path.
git clone
3. Import Paths
Now, the import path is something that isn’t always immediately intuitive. I had to dive in and RTFM before I realized what was going on here. It also isn’t something that isn’t regularly discussed as a “first step” when learning Go. It isn’t, after all, part of the actual code syntax, it’s part of the ecosystem around the language and tooling. Ya know, the part that often is somewhat neglected as a first step in the learning process.
The import path is basically the path where the code goes within the src
directory as relating to where it would be publicly shared. For a standard Github account such as mine I should use github.com/Adron as the base path. To straighten out the organization here, from a Go perspective I changed the name of the folders in which I just cloned to the following.
These two folders within $HOME/src/
:
golang-cli
golang-service
I moved to.
github.com/adron/golang-cli
github.com/adron/golang-service
Important to note, is that I moved these folders into a multi-level deep directory structure. I created a github.com directory instide the src directory and inside that I created the adron directory and then moved the golang-cli and golang-service projects respectively. I note this because if one navigates into src
with finder, some other manager, or uses the command to move and attempts to move the directory like this:
mv src golang-cli github.com/adron/golang-cli
Many of the managers or otherwise will attempt to, and by default will create a folder called github.com/adron/golang-cli NOT a folder called golang-cli inside of a folder called adron inside of a folder called github.com. This is a pretty basic thing, but often can lead even the most experienced to mistakenly moving files around incorrectly.
4.  Navigating in the terminal to the root of the golang-cli program I then execute this at the root of that project.
go install
The other option, which can be typed in a terminal regardless of location.
go install github.com/adron/golang-cli
Now, for this particular application, with it installed I can now use the command golang-cli
.
$ golang-cli
Hello, Person With No Name, please enter some text: Heather
Heather
word: the-word
numb: 42012
fork: true
Here I’ve entered the command and followed the prompt. Again, for reference check out the quick CLI I put together previously.
For the the golang-service project it’s a little trickier because of how I setup the code. I had written the code to show a quick example of creating a service and then running that service via the command go run service.go
or go run service-twosi.go
. If I were to try to install the project via the go install
command I’d get the following results.
go install github.com/adron/golang-service
# github.com/adron/golang-service
Codez/GOLANG_WORK/src/github.com/adron/golang-service/service.go:9: handler redeclared in this block
previous declaration at Codez/GOLANG_WORK/src/github.com/adron/golang-service/service-twosi.go:10
Codez/GOLANG_WORK/src/github.com/adron/golang-service/service.go:13: main redeclared in this block
previous declaration at Codez/GOLANG_WORK/src/github.com/adron/golang-service/service-twosi.go:30
The package main
and the handler is declared twice. This causes a problem since the compiler doesn’t have a way to inform which one to build. For this example, what I would need to do is remove one of the handlers and one of the packages and just keep a singular one. With that I did a quick replace of the service.go file and replaced it with the contents of the service-twosi.go example code. At this point my service.go code file looks like this.
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"log"
)
func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Welcome to the early morning Amtrak Cascades, %s!", r.URL.Path[1:])
}
type Message struct {
Text string
}
func about (w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
m := Message{"Welcome to the Twosi API, build v0.0.001."}
b, err := json.Marshal(m)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
w.Write(b)
}
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
http.HandleFunc("/about/", about)
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}
Now I can run go install
and run the service via the command line, from anywhere on machine. Just to test it out I issue the golang-service
command and navigate in the browser to the http://localhost:8080/about/ path. Sure enough, the JSON appears.
{
"Text": "Welcome to the Twosi API, build v0.0.001."
}
5. Project Collateral
It’s all nice and groovy that I have a Go project and some code, but if I really want to make something out of it I should be a good open source citizen. This is where a few other pieces of the repository come together for the project. Now, one might say, “but that’s not part of the Go ecosystem/tooling/whatyamakallit” but that’s not being very respectable about your intent. I’ll admit, I make a mess of a repo now and again too, but these are some good things to include so your repository isn’t a confusing mess of code trash waiting to be set on fire.
- .github Directory and gasp some basic instructions and documentation. Inside the .github directory there are three key files that ought to be included with some notion of useful information. For these two projects I’ve added some basic contribution information here and here.
- README.md with some simple instructions on getting started, installing, etc. This file also should always describe what a project is and what it is for. Another way to put it, the README.md should have some sort of mission description.
- Badges & Status should be shown in the README.md or in some way somewhere on or in the project. A popular way is using badges to show the status of the build, license, dependencies status, and related information about the project. I don’t have those displayed as of this blog entry, but will dive into that and continuous integration and delivery of Go in subsequent blog entries.
That’s it for this write up. More to come and more news about these projects, paths to production, and related patterns and deployment techniques in the coming weeks. Stay tuned and if you’d like blog entry summaries and other updates delivered to your mailbox, check out Thrashing Code News.
Cheers!
References:
- Peloton Seattle - This is the image at the top of this blog entry, and where I wrote 90% and put together 90% of the code. Per their website, “Peloton is a different approach to the traditional bike shop. In addition to being a full service repair shop, our cafe offers meals made from ingredients sourced from local farms, coffee made from locally roasted beans, and beer brewed in Washington. Peloton is your destination whether you’re craving a morning coffee and snack, you need bicycle maintenance and advice, or you want to grab a beer with your riding buddies. Peloton provides delicious healthy food, professional bicycle service, and a variety of beverages for any time of the day. We’d love to share our passions with you.”
- The Go CLI Sample App and Go Service Sample Repositories.


- GATE100
- Jobs
- Scholarships
- Internships
- Competitions
Gate 100 for students
- Microsoft
- IBI Biosolutions
- Epic Games
- Electronic Arts
- Honda
- Google
- Facebook
- Trident
- Shell
- Directi
- Pixar
- Apple
- Insight
- Linux Community
- iPad Developers
Jobs for Passouts
- Microsoft
- IBI Biosolutions
- Epic Games
- Electronic Arts
- Honda
- Google
- Facebook
- Trident
- Shell
- Directi
- Pixar
- Apple
- Insight
- Linux Community
- iPad Developers
Scholarships
- Microsoft
- IBI Biosolutions
- Epic Games
- Electronic Arts
- Honda
- Google
- Facebook
- Trident
- Shell
- Directi
- Pixar
- Apple
- Insight
- Linux Community
- iPad Developers
Internships for Students
- Microsoft
- IBI Biosolutions
- Epic Games
- Electronic Arts
- Honda
- Google
- Facebook
- Trident
- Shell
- Directi
- Pixar
- Apple
- Insight
- Linux Community
- iPad Developers
Competitions for Students
- Microsoft
- IBI Biosolutions
- Epic Games
- Electronic Arts
- Honda
- Google
- Facebook
- Trident
- Shell
- Directi
- Pixar
- Apple
- Insight
- Linux Community
- iPad Developers


WITNESS LIST Finance Committee (Subcommittee on Article 1 Agencies) November 17, 1997-9:30A Aircraft Pooling Board On: Daniels, Jerry (APB), Austin DyLaney, Bob (APB), Austin Bond Review Board On: Hernandez, Jose A. (TX Bond Review Bd), Austin Commission on the Arts On: Batiste, John Paul (TX Arts Commission), Austin Comptroller of Public Accounts On: Hamilton, Billy (Comptroller's Office), Austin Registering, but not testifying: On: Chapa, Robert T. Jr. (Comptroller's Office), Austin Curtis, Shari (Comptroller's Office), Austin Parpouras, Debbie (Comptroller's Office), Austin Department of Information Resources On: Purcell, Carolyn (DIR), Austin Employees Retirement System On: Beckett, Sheila (ERS), Austin General Services Commission On: Parker, Stephen T. (GSC), Austin Treadway, Tom (GSC), Austin Williams, Jerry D. (GSC), Austin Registering, but not testifying: On: Benavidez, Melda R. (GSC), Austin Crump, Henry E. (Gene) (GSC), Austin Mullen, Carl (GSC), Austin Human Rights Commission On: Hale, William M. (TX Comm on Human Rights), Austin Segura, Josephine D. (TX Comm on Human Rights), Austin Office of the Attorney General On: Barrientos, Adel (TX AG), Austin Del Vento, Ronald jR. (TX AG), Austin Embree, Alice (TX AG), Austin Kelly, Laurel E. (TX AG), Austin Vega, Jorge (TX AG), Austin Zieschang, Beckie (TX AG), Austin Registering, but not testifying: On: Chawla, Deepak (TX AG), Austin Taylor, Beth (TX AG), Austin Office of the Governor On: Hawkins, Albert (Governor's Office), Austin Hugon, Nancy S. (Governor's Office), Austin Tucker, Jerry (Governor's Offfice), Austin Public Finance Authority On: Deviney, Lee (TPFA), Austin Edwards, Kimberly (TPFA), Austin Texas Ethics Commission On: Calem, William (TX Ethics Comm), Austin Harrison, Tom (TX Ethics Comm), Austin Newkirk, Kristin M. (TX Ethics Comm), Austin


public static class PCollectionViews.SimplePCollectionView<ElemT,ViewT,W extends BoundedWindow> extends PValueBase implements PCollectionView<ViewT>
PCollectionView
implementations, with additional type parameters
that are not visible at pipeline assembly time when the view is used as a side input.
For internal use only.
| Modifier | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
protected |
SimplePCollectionView()
For serialization only.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
equals(java.lang.Object other) |
Coder<java.lang.Iterable<org.apache.beam.sdk.util.WindowedValue<?>>> |
getCoderInternal()
For internal use only.
|
PCollection<?> |
getPCollection()
For internal use only.
|
TupleTag<java.lang.Iterable<org.apache.beam.sdk.util.WindowedValue<?>>> |
getTagInternal()
Returns a unique
TupleTag identifying this PCollectionView . |
ViewFn<java.lang.Iterable<org.apache.beam.sdk.util.WindowedValue<?>>,ViewT> |
getViewFn()
For internal use only.
|
WindowingStrategy<?,?> |
getWindowingStrategyInternal()
Returns the
WindowingStrategy of this PCollectionView , which should
be that of the underlying PCollection . |
WindowMappingFn<?> |
getWindowMappingFn()
For internal use only.
|
int |
hashCode() |
java.lang.String |
toString() |
expand, finishSpecifying, finishSpecifyingOutput, getKindString, getName, getPipeline, setName
clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait
expand, finishSpecifying, getName
finishSpecifyingOutput, getPipeline
getPipeline
protected SimplePCollectionView()
public ViewFn<java.lang.Iterable<org.apache.beam.sdk.util.WindowedValue<?>>,ViewT> getViewFn()
PCollectionView
getViewFn
in interface PCollectionView<ViewT>
public WindowMappingFn<?> getWindowMappingFn()
PCollectionView
Returns the WindowMappingFn
used to map windows from a main input to the side input
of this PCollectionView
.
getWindowMappingFn
in interface PCollectionView<ViewT>
public PCollection<?> getPCollection()
PCollectionView
Gets the PCollection
this PCollectionView
was created from.
The PCollection
may not be available in all contexts.
getPCollection
in interface PCollectionView<ViewT>
public TupleTag<java.lang.Iterable<org.apache.beam.sdk.util.WindowedValue<?>>> getTagInternal()
TupleTag
identifying this PCollectionView
.
For internal use only by runner implementors.
getTagInternal
in interface PCollectionView<ViewT>
public WindowingStrategy<?,?> getWindowingStrategyInternal()
WindowingStrategy
of this PCollectionView
, which should
be that of the underlying PCollection
.
For internal use only by runner implementors.
getWindowingStrategyInternal
in interface PCollectionView<ViewT>
public Coder<java.lang.Iterable<org.apache.beam.sdk.util.WindowedValue<?>>> getCoderInternal()
PCollectionView
getCoderInternal
in interface PCollectionView<ViewT>
public int hashCode()
hashCode
in class java.lang.Object
public boolean equals(java.lang.Object other)
equals
in class java.lang.Object
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class PValueBase


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}About Posters{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Posters are large, complex representations of your music history. They're the main reason LastGraph exists, and as a bonus they look nice on your wall.
Unlike the graphs on the artists pages, which we can create on-the-fly, the posters can take upwards of several minutes to create and so we have a queueing system in place. When you request a poster, you'll be put into the rendering queue - usually they're finished inside of half an hour.
If you put an email address in, you'll get an email when it's complete, otherwise you should come back and check your posters page every so often. When it's finished, you will be able to download it as a PDF or an SVG. Be warned that the posters are extremely complex pictures; displaying one can bring even a modern computer to its knees for a few seconds.
The posters are inspired by Lee Byron's What have I been listening to? project; his look much nicer, but aren't available via an on-demand online system.


An indexer is ran once per day for multiple OGC SensorThings API instances and the output is formatted as JSON-LD Schema.org documents. Please contact the GeoSensorWeb Lab at the University of Calgary, Canada for more information.


Long live CORS proxies!
Welcome to crossorigin.me, the free CORS proxy for everyone!
What's a "CORS proxy"?
A CORS proxy is a service that allows developers (probably you) to access resources from other websites, without having to own that website.
Why does this site exist?
A popular CORS proxy, corsproxy.com, recently disappeared. Several cool projects relied on CORS proxy, so I decided to set up a replacement service.
How do I use it?
It's really easy. When you need to access a resource from a website that isn't CORS-enabled, append 'http://crossorigin.me' to the beginning of that URL. For example, if you wanted to grab the Google homepage, your code would request
http://crossorigin.me/http://google.com
Remember to keep the 'http://' or 'https://' after 'crossorigin.me/'.
Who set this up?
I did! I'm technoboy10, a software geek who also likes hardware. I would also appreciate it if you donated some BTC by clicking the donation button at the top of the page - domains aren't free! Special thanks to @kentonue on Twitter for donating - crossorigin.me will live for a couple of years now!
AAAAH SO INSECURE!!!
...not really. By default, CORS requests do not send or set cookies, and neither does crossorigin.me. I take security very seriously, and I'll do my best to plug any serious security holes. Oh, and crossorigin.me is open source, so please feel free to fix any security issues you find. :)
This doesn't support PUT or DELETE!
No, and I'm pretty sure it shouldn't. If crossorigin.me supported those verbs, you could do some pretty messed up stuff.
DELETE your_banking_account
Disagree? File an issue and let's talk.
Disclaimer
crossorigin.me (and by extension, technoboy10) is not responsible for any illegal activities that use this service. But please, don't do illegal stuff with crossorigin.me if you want it to keep running.