geopmlaunch(1) – application launch wrapper
Synopsis
geopmlaunch launcher [launcher_opt] [geopm_opt] -- executable [executable_opt]
Description
The geopmlaunch
application enables execution of the GEOPM runtime
along with a distributed parallel compute application, executable,
using the command line interface for the underlying application
scheduler, launcher, deployed on the HPC system. The geopmlaunch
command line interface is designed to support many application
schedulers including SLURM srun
, ALPS aprun
, and Intel / MPICH
mpiexec
. The geopmlaunch
command line interface has been designed
to wrap the underlying application scheduler while reinterpreting the
command line options, launcher_opt, specified for it. In this way,
the user can easily modify an existing job launch command to enable
the GEOPM runtime by prefixing the command with geopmlaunch
and
extending the existing scheduler options with the options for the
GEOPM runtime, geopm_opt. The GEOPM runtime options control the
behavior of the GEOPM runtime and are detailed in the GEOPM Options section below.
All command line options accepted by the underlying job scheduler
(e.g. srun
or aprun
) can be passed to the geopmlaunch
wrapper,
except for CPU affinity related options. The wrapper
script reinterprets the command line to pass modified options and set
environment variables for the underlying application scheduler. The
GEOPM options, geopm_opt, are translated into environment variables
to be interpreted by the GEOPM runtime (see the ENVIRONMENT section of
geopm(7)). The reinterpreted command line, including
the
environment modification, is printed to standard output by the script
before execution. The command that is printed can be executed in the
bash
shell to replicate the execution without using geopmlaunch
directly. The command is modified to support the GEOPM control thread
by setting CPU affinity for each process and increasing the number of
processes per node or CPUs per process.
Note
The primary compute executable and its options,
executable_opt, must appear at the end of the command line and be
preceded by two dashes: --
. The GEOPM launcher will not parse
arguments to the right of the first --
sequence and will pass the
arguments that follow unaltered while removing the first --
from the
command line. Refer to the EXAMPLES section below.
Supported Launchers
The launcher is selected by specifying the launcher as the first command line parameter. Available launcher values are listed below.
srun, SrunLauncher: Wrapper for the SLURM resource manager’s
srun
job launcher. The-cc
and--cpu-bind
options are reserved for use by GEOPM; do not specify CPU-binding options when usinggeopmlaunch
.aprun, AlpsLauncher: Wrapper for the Cray ALPS
aprun
job launcher. The-cc
and--cpu-binding
options are reserved for use by GEOPM; do not specify these when usinggeopmlaunch
.impi, IMPIExecLauncher: Wrapper for the Intel MPI
mpiexec
job launcher. TheKMP_AFFINITY
I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN
, andMV2_ENABLE_AFFINITY
environment variables are reserved for use by GEOPM and are overwritten when usinggeopmlaunch
.ompi, OMPIExecLauncher: Wrapper for the Open MPI
mpiexec
job launcher. The-rf
and--rank-file
as well as explicitly specifying number of processes with-H
and--host
options are reserved for use by GEOPM; do not specify when usinggeopmlaunch
.SrunTOSSLauncher: Wrapper for
srun
when used with the Trilab Operating System Software stack. This special launcher was developed to support special affinity plugins for SLURM that were deployed at LLNL’s computing center. The-cc
and--cpu-bind
options are reserved for use by GEOPM; do not specify when usinggeopmlaunch
.pals, PALSLauncher: Wrapper for Cray-HPE PALS launcher, leveraging
mpiexec
. The--cpu-bind
option is reserved for use by GEOPM; do not specify CPU-binding options when usinggeopmlaunch
.
GEOPM Options
- --geopm-report path
Specifies the path to the GEOPM report output file that is generated at the conclusion of the run if this option is provided. If the option is not provided, a report named
geopm.report
will be created. The GEOPM report contains a summary of the profiling information collected by GEOPM throughout the application execution. Refer to geopm_report(7) for a description of the information contained in the report.This option is used by the launcher to set the
GEOPM_REPORT
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-report-signals signals
Used to insert additional measurements into the report beyond the default values. See the Notes On Sampling section of geopm_report(7) for more information about how signal samples are summarized over time and across sampling domains in a report.
The value of signals must be formatted as a comma-separated list of valid signal names. The available signals and their descriptions are documented in the geopm_pio(7) man page.
By default, the signals in the report are aggregated to the board domain. A domain other than board can be specified by appending the signal name with an
'@'
character and then specifying one of the domains. For example, the following will extend the region and application totals sections of the report with package energy for each package and DRAM energy summed over the all DIMMs:--geopm-report-signals=CPU_ENERGY@package,DRAM_ENERGY
The geopmread(1) executable enables discovery of signals and domains available on your system. The signal names and domain names given for this parameter are specified as in the geopmread(1) command line interface.
- --geopm-trace path
The base name and path of the trace file(s) generated if this option is specified. One trace file is generated for each compute node used by the application containing a pipe-delimited ASCII table describing a time series of measurements made by the GEOPM runtime. The path is extended with the host name of the node for each created file. The trace files will be written to the file system path specified or current directory if only a file name is given. This feature is primarily a debugging tool, and may not scale to large node counts due to file system issues. This option is used by the launcher to set the
GEOPM_TRACE
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-trace-signals signals
Used to insert additional columns into the trace beyond the default columns and the columns added by the Agent. This option has no effect unless tracing is enabled with
--geopm-trace
. The value must be formatted as a comma-separated list of valid signal names. When not specified all custom signals added to the trace will be sampled and aggregated for the entire node unless the domain is specified by appending"@domain_type"
to the signal name. For example, the following will add total DRAM energy and power as columns in the trace:--geopm-trace-signals=DRAM_ENERGY,DRAM_POWER
The signals available and their descriptions are documented in the PlatformIO(3) man page.
TIME
,EPOCH_COUNT
,REGION_HASH
,REGION_HINT
,REGION_PROGRESS
,CPU_ENERGY
,DRAM_ENERGY
,CPU_POWER
,DRAM_POWER
,CPU_FREQUENCY_STATUS
,CPU_CYCLES_THREAD
,CPU_CYCLES_REFERENCE
,CPU_CORE_TEMPERATURE
are included in the trace by default. A domain other than board can be specified by appending the signal name with an'@'
character and then specifying one of the domains, e.g:--geopm-trace-signals=CPU_POWER@package,CPU_ENERGY@package
will trace the package power and energy for each package on the system. The geopmread(1) executable enables discovery of signals and domains available on your system. The signal names and domain names given for this parameter are specified as in the geopmread(1) command line interface. This option is used by the launcher to set the
GEOPM_TRACE_SIGNALS
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-trace-profile
The base name and path of the profile trace file(s) generated if this option is specified. One trace file is generated for each compute node used by the application containing a pipe-delimited ASCII table describing a log of each call to the
geopm_prof_*()
APIs. The path is extended with the host name of the node for each created file. The profile trace files will be written to the file system path specified or current directory if only a file name is given. This feature is primarily a debugging tool, and may not scale to large node counts due to file system issues. This option is used by the launcher to set theGEOPM_TRACE_PROFILE
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-trace-endpoint-policy path
The path to the endpoint policy trace file generated if this option is specified. This file tracks only policies sent through the endpoint at the root controller, not all policies within the controller tree. If
--geopm-endpoint
is not provided, or if the agent does not have any policy values, this file will not be created. This option is used by the launcher to set theGEOPM_TRACE_ENDPOINT_POLICY`
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-profile name
The name of the profile which is printed in the report and trace files. This name can be used to index the data in post-processing. For example, when running a sweep of experiments with multiple power caps, the profile could contain the power setting for one run. The default profile name is “default”. This option is used by the launcher to set the
GEOPM_PROFILE
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-ctl CONTROL_MODE
Use the GEOPM runtime and launch GEOPM with one of three
CONTROL_MODE
s: process, pthread or application.The process method allocates one extra MPI process per node for the GEOPM controller, and this is the default method if the
--geopm-ctl
option is not provided. The process method can be used in the widest variety of cases, but some systems require that each MPI process be assigned the same number of CPUs which may waste resources by assigning more than one CPU to the GEOPM controller process.The pthread method spawns a thread from one MPI process per node to run the GEOPM controller. The application method launches the geopmctl(1) application in the background which connects to the primary compute application. The pthread option requires support for
MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE
, which is not enabled at many sites.The application method of launch is not compatible with
aprun
; withsrun
, the call must be made inside an existing allocation made withsalloc
orsbatch
and the command must request all the compute nodes assigned to the allocation.The
--geopm-ctl
option is used by the launcher to set theGEOPM_CTL
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-agent agent
Specify the Agent type. The Agent defines the control algorithm used by the GEOPM runtime. Available agents are:
"monitor"
(default, enables profiling features only),"power_balancer"
(optimizes runtime under a power cap),"power_governor"
(enforces a uniform power cap), and"frequency_map"
(runs each region at a specified frequency). See geopm_agent_monitor(7), geopm_agent_power_balancer(7), geopm_agent_power_governor(7), geopm_agent_frequency_map(7) and geopm_agent_ffnet(7) for descriptions of each agent.For more details on the responsibilities of an agent, see geopm::Agent(3).
This option is used by the launcher to set the
GEOPM_AGENT
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-policy policy
GEOPM policy JSON file used to configure the Agent plugin. If the policy is provided through this file, it will only be read once and cannot be changed dynamically. In this mode, samples will not be provided to the resource manager. See geopmagent(1) and geopm_agent(3) for more information about how to create this input file.
This option is used by the launcher to set the
GEOPM_POLICY
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-init-control path
Initialize any available controls with the values in the file specified by path. The file format is the same as that for
geopmwrite
with one control specified per line. The comment character is ‘#’. It may be placed anywhere on a line to stop parsing of that line. If the comment character results in invalid syntax an error will be raised.Files that contain only comments are valid. They will be parsed but no controls will be written. A file that is truly empty (i.e. contains only ‘0’) will raise an error.
Example file contents:
CPU_POWER_LIMIT_CONTROL board 0 200 # Set a 200W power limit # Also set the time limit CPU_POWER_TIME_WINDOW board 0 0.015
This option is used by the launcher to set the
GEOPM_INIT_CONTROL
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-affinity-disable
Enable direct user control of all application CPU affinity settings. When specified, the launcher will not emit command line arguments or environment variables related to affinity settings for the underlying launcher. The user is free to provide whatever affinity settings are best for their application.
It is recommended that at least one core is left free for the GEOPM controller thread, and if there is a free core, the controller will automatically affinitize itself to a CPU on that core when it connects with the application. When this option is specified the user is responsible for providing settings that affinitize MPI ranks to distinct CPUs. Note: this requirement is satisfied by the default behavior for some launchers like Intel MPI.
- --geopm-endpoint endpoint
Prefix for shared memory keys used by the endpoint. The endpoint receives policies dynamically from the resource manager. Refer to geopm_endpoint(3) for more detail.
If this option is provided, the GEOPM controller will also send samples to the endpoint at runtime, depending on the Agent selected. This option overrides the use of
--geopm-policy
to receive policy values. This option is used by the launcher to set theGEOPM_ENDPOINT
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-timeout sec
Time in seconds that the application should wait for the GEOPM controller to connect over shared memory. The default value is 30 seconds. This option is used by the launcher to set the
GEOPM_TIMEOUT
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-plugin-path path
The search path for GEOPM plugins. It is a colon-separated list of directories used by GEOPM to search for shared objects which contain GEOPM plugins. In order to be available to the GEOPM runtime, plugins should register themselves with the appropriate factory. See geopm::PluginFactory(3) for information about the GEOPM plugin interface.
A zero-length directory name indicates the current working directory; this can be specified by a leading or trailing colon, or two adjacent colons. The default search location is always loaded first and is determined at library configuration time and by way of the
'pkglib'
variable (typically/usr/lib64/geopm/
). This option is used by the launcher to set theGEOPM_PLUGIN_PATH
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-record-filter filter
Applies the user specified filter to the application record data feed. The filters currently supported are
"proxy_epoch"
and"edit_distance"
. These filters can be used to infer the application outer loop (epoch) without modifying the application by inserting calls togeopm_prof_epoch()
(see geopm_prof(3)). Region entry and exit may be captured automatically through runtimes such as MPI and OpenMP.The
"proxy_epoch"
filter looks for entries into a specific region that serves as a proxy for epoch events. The filter is specified as a comma-separated list. The first value selects the filter by name:"proxy_epoch"
. The second value in the comma-separated list specifies a region that will be used as a proxy for calls togeopm_prof_epoch()
. If the value can be interpreted as an integer, it will be used as the numerical region hash of the region name, otherwise, the value is interpreted as the region name. The third value that can be provided in the comma-separated list is optional. If provided, it specifies the number of region entries into the proxy region that are expected per outer loop. By default, this is assumed to be 1. The fourth optional parameter that can be specified in the comma-separated list is the number of region entries into the proxy region that are expected prior to the outer loop beginning. By default, this is assumed to be 0. In the following example, theMPI_Barrier
region entry is used as a proxy for the epoch event:--geopm-record-filter=proxy_epoch,MPI_Barrier
In the next example the
MPI_Barrier
region is specified as a hash and the calls per outer loop is given as 6:--geopm-record-filter=proxy_epoch,0x7b561f45,6
In the last example the calls prior to startup is specified as 10:
--geopm-record-filter=proxy_epoch,MPI_Barrier,6,10
Note: you must specify the calls per outer loop in order to specify the calls prior to startup.
The
"edit_distance"
filter will attempt to infer the epoch based on patterns in the region entry events using an edit distance algorithm. The filter is specified as string beginning with the name"edit_distance"
; if optional parameters are specified, they are provided as a comma-separated list following the name. The first parameter is the buffer size; the default if not provided is 100. The second parameter is the minimum stable period length in number of records. The third parameter is the stable period hysteresis factor. The fourth parameter is the unstable period hysteresis factor. In the following example, the"edit_distance"
filter will be used with all optional parameters provided:--geopm-record-filter=edit_distance,200,8,2.0,3.0
- --geopm-debug-attach rank
Enables a serial debugger such as
gdb
to attach to a job when the GEOPM PMPI wrappers are enabled. If set to a numerical value, the associated rank will wait inMPI_Init()
until a debugger is attached and the local variable"cont"
is set to a non-zero value. If set, but not to a numerical value then all ranks will wait. The runtime will print a message explaining the hostname and process ID that the debugger should attach to. This option is used by the launcher to set theGEOPM_DEBUG_ATTACH
environment variable. The command line option will override any value currently set in the environment. See the ENVIRONMENT section of geopm(7).- --geopm-preload
Use LD_PRELOAD to link libgeopm.so at runtime. This can be used to enable the GEOPM runtime when an application has not been compiled against libgeopm.so.
- --geopm-hyperthreads-disable
Prevent the launcher from trying to use hyperthreads for pinning purposes when attempting to satisfy the MPI ranks / OMP threads configuration specified. This is done for both the controller and the application. An error is raised if the launcher cannot satisfy the current request without hyperthreads.
- --geopm-ctl-disable
Used to allow passing the command through to the underlying launcher. By default,
geopmlaunch
will launch the GEOPM runtime in process mode. When this option is specified, the GEOPM runtime will not be launched.- --geopm-ompt-disable
Disable OMPT detection of OpenMP regions. See the INTEGRATION WITH OMPT section of geopm(7) for more information about OpenMP region detection.
- --geopm-period
Override the control loop period specified by the Agent. All agents have a default control loop period, and this command line option allows users to set a different value in units of seconds. With longer control loop periods, the overhead for using GEOPM will be reduced, but more interpolation will be required when aligning the sparsely sampled hardware signals with the application feedback. Additionally, agent reaction time is reduced with longer control loop period.
Examples
Use geopmlaunch
to queue a job using geopmbench
on a SLURM managed system
requesting two nodes using 32 application MPI process each with four threads:
geopmlaunch srun -N 2 -n 32 -c 4 \
--geopm-ctl=process \
--geopm-report=tutorial6.report \
-- ./geopmbench tutorial6_config.json
Use geopmlaunch
to launch the miniFE
executable with the same configuration,
but on an ALPS managed system:
geopmlaunch aprun -N 2 -n 64 --cpus-per-pe 4 \
--geopm-ctl process \
--geopm-report miniFE.report \
-- ./miniFE.x -nx 256 -ny 256 -nz 256
Environment
Every command line option to the launcher can also be specified as an
environment variable if desired (except for --geopm-ctl
).
For example, instead of specifying --geopm-trace=geopm.trace
one can
instead set in the environment GEOPM_TRACE=geopm.trace
prior to
invoking the launcher script. The environment variables are named the
same as the command line option but have the hyphens replaced with
underscores, and are all uppercase. The command line options take
precedence over the environment variables.
The usage of --geopm-ctl
here is slightly different from how the
controller handles the GEOPM_CTL
environment variable. In the
case of the launcher, one can specify process, pthread, or
application to the command line argument. In the case of
GEOPM_CTL
one can ONLY specify process
or pthread
, as
launching the controller as a separate application is handled through
the geopmctl
binary.
The interpretation of the environment is affected if either of the GEOPM configuration files exist:
/etc/geopm/environment-default.json
/etc/geopm/environment-override.json
These files may specify system default and override settings for all
of the GEOPM environment variables. The environment-default.json
file contains a JSON object mapping GEOPM environment variable strings
to strings that define default values for any unspecified GEOPM
environment variable or unspecified geopmlaunch
command line
options. The environment-override.json
contains a JSON object that
defines values for GEOPM environment variables that take precedence
over any settings provided by the user either through the environment
or through the geopmlaunch
command line options. The order of
precedence for each GEOPM variable is: override configuration file,
geopmlaunch
command line option, environment setting, the default
configuration file, and finally there are some preset default values
that are coded into GEOPM which have the lowest precedence.
The KMP_WARNINGS
environment variable is set to 'FALSE'
, thus
disabling the Intel OpenMP warnings. This avoids warnings emitted
because the launcher configures the OMP_PROC_BIND
environment
variable to support applications compiled with a non-Intel
implementation of OpenMP.
See Also
geopm(7), geopmpy(7), geopm_agent_monitor(7), geopm_agent_power_balancer(7), geopm_agent_power_governor(7), geopm_report(7), geopm_error(3), geopmctl(1)


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Message¶
-
class
O365.message.
Message
(*, parent=None, con=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ Bases:
O365.utils.utils.ApiComponent
,O365.utils.attachment.AttachableMixin
,O365.message.HandleRecipientsMixin
Management of the process of sending, receiving, reading, and editing emails.
-
__init__
(*, parent=None, con=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ Makes a new message wrapper for sending and receiving messages.
Parameters: - parent – the parent object
- con – the id of this message if it exists
-
attachments
¶ Just to avoid api misuse by assigning to ‘attachments’
-
bcc
¶ Just to avoid api misuse by assigning to ‘bcc’
-
body
¶
-
categories
¶
-
cc
¶ Just to avoid api misuse by assigning to ‘cc’
-
copy
(folder)[source]¶ Copy the message to a given folder
Parameters: folder – Folder object or Folder id or Well-known name to move this message to Returns: the copied message
-
created
¶
-
importance
¶
-
is_draft
¶
-
is_read
¶
-
modified
¶
-
move
(folder)[source]¶ Move the message to a given folder
Parameters: folder – Folder object or Folder id or Well-known name to move this message to Returns: True on success
-
received
¶
-
reply
(to_all=True)[source]¶ Creates a new message that is a reply to this message. :param to_all: replies to all the recipients instead to just the sender
-
reply_to
¶ Just to avoid api misuse by assigning to ‘reply_to’
-
save_draft
(target_folder=<OutlookWellKnowFolderNames.DRAFTS: 'Drafts'>)[source]¶ Save this message as a draft on the cloud
-
sender
¶ sender is a property to force to be allways a Recipient class
-
sent
¶
-
subject
¶
-
to
¶ Just to avoid api misuse by assigning to ‘to’
-
-
class
O365.message.
MessageAttachment
(attachment=None, *, parent=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ Bases:
O365.utils.attachment.BaseAttachment
-
class
O365.message.
MessageAttachments
(parent, attachments=None)[source]¶ Bases:
O365.utils.attachment.BaseAttachments
-
class
O365.message.
Recipient
(address=None, name=None, parent=None, field=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
A single Recipient
-
__init__
(address=None, name=None, parent=None, field=None)[source]¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
address
¶
-
name
¶
-
-
class
O365.message.
Recipients
(recipients=None, parent=None, field=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
A Sequence of Recipients
-
__init__
(recipients=None, parent=None, field=None)[source]¶ Recipients must be a list of either address strings or tuples (name, address) or dictionary elements
-
add
(recipients)[source]¶ Recipients must be a list of either address strings or tuples (name, address) or dictionary elements
-


§412:6-301 General requirements for loans. A savings bank shall make loans and extensions of credit that are consistent with prudent lending practices and in compliance with all applicable federal and state law. [L 1993, c 350, pt of §1]


Site of the First Fort
Click anywhere on the islands to learn about the histories of La Florida Archipelago


stplanr is a package for sustainable transport planning with R.
It provides functions for solving common problems in transport planning and modelling, such as how to best get from point A to point B. The overall aim is to provide a reproducible, transparent and accessible toolkit to help people better understand transport systems and inform policy.
The initial work on the project was funded by the Department of Transport (DfT) as part of the development of the Propensity to Cycle Tool (PCT). The PCT uses origin-destination data as the basis of spatial analysis and modelling work to identify where bicycle paths are most needed. See the package vignette (e.g. via vignette("introducing-stplanr")
) or an academic paper on the Propensity to Cycle Tool (PCT) for more information on how it can be used. This README gives some basics.
stplanr should be useful to researchers everywhere. The function route_graphhopper()
, for example, works anywhere in the world using the graphhopper routing API and read_table_builder()
reads-in Australian data. We welcome contributions that make transport research easier worldwide.
Data frames representing flows between origins and destinations must be combined with geo-referenced zones or points to generate meaningful analyses and visualisations of ‘flows’ or origin-destination (OD) data. stplanr facilitates this with od2line()
, which takes flow and geographical data as inputs and outputs spatial data. Some example data is provided in the package:
Let’s take a look at this data:
flow[1:3, 1:3] # typical form of flow data
#> Area.of.residence Area.of.workplace All
#> 920573 E02002361 E02002361 109
#> 920575 E02002361 E02002363 38
#> 920578 E02002361 E02002367 10
cents[1:3,] # points representing origins and destinations
#> class : SpatialPointsDataFrame
#> features : 3
#> extent : -1.546463, -1.511861, 53.8041, 53.81161 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> coord. ref. : +init=epsg:4326 +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0
#> variables : 4
#> names : geo_code, MSOA11NM, percent_fem, avslope
#> min values : E02002382, Leeds 053, 0.408759, 2.284782
#> max values : E02002393, Leeds 064, 0.458721, 2.856563
These datasets can be combined as follows:
travel_network <- od2line(flow = flow, zones = cents)
w <- flow$All / max(flow$All) *10
plot(travel_network, lwd = w)
The package can also allocate flows to the road network, e.g. with CycleStreets.net and the OpenStreetMap Routing Machine (OSRM) API interfaces. These are supported in route_*()
functions such as route_cyclestreets
and route_osrm()
:
Route functions take lat/lon inputs:
and place names, found using the Google Map API:
We can replicate this call multiple times using line2route
.
intrazone <- travel_network$Area.of.residence == travel_network$Area.of.workplace
travel_network <- travel_network[!intrazone,]
t_routes <- line2route(travel_network, route_fun = route_osrm)
#> Warning in summarise_impl(.data, dots): hybrid evaluation forced for
#> `first`. Please use dplyr::first() or library(dplyr) to remove this
#> warning.
#> Warning in summarise_impl(.data, dots): hybrid evaluation forced for
#> `first`. Please use dplyr::first() or library(dplyr) to remove this
#> warning.
#> Warning in summarise_impl(.data, dots): hybrid evaluation forced for
#> `last`. Please use dplyr::last() or library(dplyr) to remove this warning.
#> Warning in summarise_impl(.data, dots): hybrid evaluation forced for
#> `last`. Please use dplyr::last() or library(dplyr) to remove this warning.
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 18
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 19
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 25
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 26
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 29
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 32
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 33
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 34
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 38
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 39
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 40
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 41
#> Warning in value[[3L]](cond): Fail for line number 42
plot(t_routes)
Another way to visualise this is with the leaflet package:
For more examples, example("line2route")
.
overline
is a function which takes a series of route-allocated lines, splits them into unique segments and aggregates the values of overlapping lines. This can represent where there will be most traffic on the transport system, as illustrated below.
To install the stable version, use:
The development version can be installed using devtools:
# install.packages("devtools") # if not already installed
devtools::install_github("ropensci/stplanr")
library(stplanr)
stplanr depends on rgdal, which can be tricky to install.
splanr depends on rgdal which can be installed on Ubuntu, for example, with:
sudo apt install r-cran-rgdal
To install gdal
binaries on other distributions please see here: http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/wiki/DownloadingGdalBinaries
stplanr also depends on sf. Installation instructions for Mac, Ubuntu and other Linux distros can be found here: https://github.com/r-spatial/sf#installing
Instructions to install gdal
and Quartz
are provided at https://github.com/ropensci/geojsonio#install and https://www.xquartz.org/ respectively (Quartz is required for R - as described here).
The current list of available functions can be seen with:
To get internal help on a specific function, use the standard way.
stplanr imports many great packages that it depends on.


| Nafn | Genre | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| The Godfather | Crime, Drama | 9.2 |
| Fight Club | Drama | 8.8 |
| Storm Boy | Adventure, Drama | 7.0 |
| Captain Marvel | Action, Adventure | 7.2 |
| Avengers Infinity War | Action, Adventure | 8.5 |
| Black Panther | Action, Adventure | 7.3 |
| Thor Ragnarok | Action, Adventure | 7.9 |
| Doctor Strange | Action, Fantasy | 7.5 |


'Joker 2' might be happening after all
by PTIDespite his repeated denials, it seems Joaquin Phoenix is coming back as The Joker in another film.
According to The Hollywood Reporter, Todd Phillips, who directed the actor is billion dollar blockbuster "Joker", has started working on a sequel that will further explore the story of the iconic DC villain.
Sources said the sequel to "Joker" is "on the way" with Phillips returning as director. He will write the screenplay to the second part along with co-writer Scott Silver.
The outlet reports that Phillips, buoyed by the opening weekend score of the film, approached Warner Bros. Pictures Group chairman Toby Emmerich to pitch for a sequel.
He is said to have proposed to develop a host of origins of other prominent DC characters.
Both Phillips and Warner Bros have declined to comment at the moment.
"Joker", which recently entered USD 1 billion club to become the highest-grossing R-rated film ever, is generating strong Oscar buzz for Phoenix.


Cascading Style Sheets control the presentational aspect of HTML documents. CSS was created by the
W3C to
regain control of document markup. Websites designed with external CSS style sheets are easily maintained than
those using internal style skeets as the style code is centralized. CSS reduces website file size for faster
downloading.
What is CSS?


Post your confessions,your info will be hidden.
Holiday
Friday 15:00
Read More
The Edducators
From Friday 15:00 to Sunday
Load more


The -json command takes as first argument a path to the array of objects that constitute the data. For example, if you had JSON like:
import:jsonexample1.jsonThe command would be: seesv:seesv -json p1.p2.values "" Since the values array just holds numeric values there is no column name. The data would be: 1 2 3 4 If you had a path that had an array component that you wanted to access, for example, the second element of the array, e.g.:
import:jsonexample2.jsonThe command would be: seesv:seesv -json "p1\[1\].p2.values" "" Here is an example where the value array holds objects.
import:jsonexample3.jsonThe command is: seesv:seesv -json "p1.p2.values" "" With the result using the object attribute names as column names: name,value jim,5 jill,10 If the object within the array is a nested object and you only want to access an inner object, e.g.:
import:jsonexample4.jsonYou would use the second argument to specify an inner path to the object of interest: seesv:seesv -json "p1.p2.values" "goodvalues" If the object within the array is a nested object and you only wanted to access multiple inner objects, e.g.:
import:jsonexample5.jsonThen the second argument can be a comma separated list of path specifications:
seesv -json "p1.p2.values" "goodvalues,moregoodvalues"Resulting in: age,name,value 74,jim,5 80,jill,10


The 5 Planets of Grief
Designing for Virtual Reality (2017)
The BriefDesigning and developing a functioning virtual reality serious game surrounding mental health and wellbeing.
The Concept
An exploration of the 5 stages of grief as propounded in the Kübler-Ross model. The game employs a synergy of audio and visual stimuli in a virtual environment to educate the player on the five stages to bring about empathy.
The 5 Planets of Grief
Designing for Virtual Reality (2017)
The BriefDesigning and developing a functioning virtual reality serious game surrounding mental health and wellbeing.
The Concept
An exploration of the 5 stages of grief as propounded in the Kübler-Ross model. The game employs a synergy of audio and visual stimuli in a virtual environment to educate the player on the five stages to bring about empathy.
USER RESEARCH
We used three methods to gather insights from our users:
Online Survey
Posted on the Sydney subreddit, yielding over 150 responses.
Semi-structured Interviews
5 students between 19 and 22 years of age from the University of Sydney.
Contextual Observations
Observing user interactions to uncover latent needs and issues.
IDEATION
Using think aloud sessions discussing user thoughts on current VR UI findings, we gathered finding from our various users to reveal insights of expectation people have when interacting with VR.
Our users needs were:
Feedback, Harmony and Haptic Connection.
The next step was to settle on an engaging and intuitive design which we could then use to ensure a prototype was made that met our newfound standards. A walking simulation best suited our user needs, as it was a simple simulation that allowed us to focus on a strong sense of immersion.
USER TESTING
Prototyping the chosen UI solution was completed using Unity and Adobe CC. Unity allowed cross platform integration of our simulation which allowed us to give users accessibility to our initial iterations. this also made clear the distinction of standards when comparing the simulation across platforms. The controls were designed to allow the user to control the simulation completely through their gaze. This was reported effective by the users as the effortlessness communicated reminded some user of a leisurely walk. The simplicity of controls also allowed them to focus on the sensory experience which was a combination of vivid vista and spoken word poetry played as the user collected poem fragments


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the topic is not very active, or if you are not connected to the Internet.
CREATE SUBJECT
This can happen if you have created this topic (let other people know about it!),
the topic is not very active, or if you are not connected to the Internet.
All
This Month
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| Vendor Name: | Dasco Data Products |
|---|---|
| Reference Number: | 06002-12-0322 |
| Contract Date: | 2012-12-19 |
| Description of Work: | 1281 - Digital (Including Digital Voice) Communications / Networking Equipment (including related parts and peripherals) |
| Delivery Date: | 2012-11-01 |
| Contract Value: | $17,424.60 |
| Comments: |


In order to get VIPER output on your machine VIPER SDK has to be installed.
Note
This guide is meant for Ubuntu users.
Add the repository and update:
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://apt2.rubedos.com xenial-cvm depend-stable"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://apt2.rubedos.com xenial-cvm release"
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 85125AF6E523A16F
sudo apt update
It is required to have ROS installed (ROS installation guide) on your workstation to proceed with VIPER CVM SDK installation.
sudo apt install cvm-sdk-master
VIPER can be found on the network by running VIPER Discovery client script:
python viperdiscovery.py
Note
After cvm-sdk-master
is installed, viperdiscovery.py
script can be found in /opt/rubedo/cvm/
.
Once you know your VIPER IP, you can evaluate VIPER functionality.
Note
Each VIPER instance comes with the default prefix DEFAULT
. When you are using your VIPER, please take its namespace into account. Read more about VIPER prefix configuration.


class ShippingZoneAddAreaEvent extends ActionEvent
Class ShippingZoneAddAreaEvent
Methods
|
__set($name, $value)
|
from ActionEvent | |
|
__get($name)
|
from ActionEvent | |
|
__construct($area_id, $shipping_zone_id)
|
||
| $this |
setAreaId(mixed $area_id)
|
|
| mixed |
getAreaId()
|
|
| $this |
setShippingZoneId(mixed $shipping_zone_id)
|
|
| mixed |
getShippingZoneId()
|
Details
in ActionEvent at line 27
public
__set($name, $value)
in ActionEvent at line 32
public
__get($name)
at line 26
public
__construct($area_id, $shipping_zone_id)
at line 37
public $this
setAreaId(mixed $area_id)
at line 47
public mixed
getAreaId()
at line 57
public $this
setShippingZoneId(mixed $shipping_zone_id)
at line 67
public mixed
getShippingZoneId()


Scripts for Google Workspace addons.
Command overview
Scripts for Google Workspace addons.
seminjecto-workspace-scripts build
seminjecto-workspace-scripts push --copy [value] --vendor [value]
seminjecto-workspace-scripts help
Command reference
build
Build distribution package.
push
Push to the Apps Script server.
Options
--copy [value]
: Copied resources, comma-seperated.--vendor [value]
: Files for @vendor.js, comma-seperated.help
Display help.
@lamnhan/seminjecto-workspace-scripts is released under the MIT license.
Generated using TypeDoc


The action triggered by the action event originating from this widget.
A descriptive text.
A Boolean value indicating whether the font size should be reduced in order to fit the text string into the text field?s bounding rectangle.
A Boolean value indicating whether the user may edit the attributes of the text in the text field.
The receiver?s alpha value.
The styled string that is displayed when there is no other text in the text field.
The styled text displayed by the text view.
The auto-capitalization style for the text object. (required)
The auto-correction style for the text object. (required)
The image that represents the background appearance of the text field when it is enabled.
The receiver?s background color.
The text position for the beginning of a document. (required) (read-only)
The border style used by the text field.
Controls when the standard clear button appears in the text field.
A Boolean value indicating whether the text field removes old text when editing begins.
A Boolean value indicating whether inserting text replaces the previous contents.
The horizontal alignment of content (text or image) within the receiver.
The scale factor applied to the view.
The vertical alignment of content (text or image) within the receiver.
The image that represents the background appearance of the text field when it is disabled.
A Boolean value indicating whether the text field is currently in edit mode. (read-only)
A Boolean value that determines whether the receiver is enabled.
A Boolean value indicating whether the return key is automatically enabled when text is entered by the user. (required)
The text position for the end of a document. (required) (read-only)
The font of the text.
A Boolean value that determines whether the receiver is hidden.
A Boolean value that determines whether the receiver is highlighted.
An input delegate that is notified when text changes or when the selection changes. (required)
The appearance style of the keyboard that is associated with the text object (required)
The keyboard style associated with the text object. (required)
The overlay view displayed on the left side of the text field.
Controls when the left overlay view appears in the text field.
The range of text that is currently marked in a document. (required) (read-only)
A dictionary of attributes that describes how marked text should be drawn. (required)
The size of the smallest permissible font with which to draw the text field?s text.
A Boolean value that determines whether the receiver is opaque.
The string that is displayed when there is no other text in the text field.
The contents of the ?return? key. (required)
The overlay view displayed on the right side of the text field.
Controls when the right overlay view appears in the text field.
Identifies whether the text object should hide the text being entered. (required)
A Boolean value that determines the receiver?s selected state.
The range of selected text in a document. (required)
The desired location for the insertion point.
The spell-checking style for the text object. (required)
A Boolean value that indicates the state of the receiver. (read-only)
The text displayed by the text field.
The technique to use for aligning the text.
The color of the text.
An affiliated view that provides a coordinate system for all geometric values in this protocol. (read-only)
An input tokenizer that provides information about the granularity of text units. (required) (read-only)
A Boolean value that indicates whether a touch is inside the bounds of the receiver. (read-only)
A Boolean value that indicates whether the receiver is currently tracking touches related to an event. (read-only)
Specifies the transform applied to the receiver, relative to the center of its bounds.
The attributes to apply to new text being entered by the user.
alpha property of the view, as a value between 0 (completely transparent) and 1 (completely opaque).?
Controls whether links such as urls and email addresses are automatically found and converted to clickable links.?
If set, specifies that this TextView has a textual input method and automatically corrects some common spelling errors.?
A drawable to use as the background.?
Determines the minimum type that getText() will return.?
If set, specifies that this TextView has a textual input method and should automatically capitalize what the user types.?
Defines whether this view reacts to click events.?
Defines text that briefly describes content of the view.?
Makes the cursor visible (the default) or invisible.?
If set, specifies that this TextView has a numeric input method and that these specific characters are the ones that it will accept.?
The drawable to be drawn to the end of the text.?
The drawable to be drawn to the start of the text.?
If set, causes words that are longer than the view is wide to be ellipsized instead of broken in the middle.?
Defines whether to fade out scrollbars when they are not in use.?
Boolean that controls whether a view can take focus.?
Boolean that controls whether a view can take focus while in touch mode.?
Font family (named by string) for the text.?
If set, the text view will include its current complete text inside of its frozen icicle in addition to meta-data such as the current cursor position.?
Specifies how to align the text by the view's x- and/or y-axis when the text is smaller than the view.?
Boolean that controls whether a view should have haptic feedback enabled for events such as long presses.?
Hint text to display when the text is empty.?
Supply a value for EditorInfo.actionId used when an input method is connected to the text view.?
Supply a value for EditorInfo.actionLabel used when an input method is connected to the text view.?
Additional features you can enable in an IME associated with an editor to improve the integration with your application.?
If set, specifies that this TextView should use the specified input method (specified by fully-qualified class name).?
The type of data being placed in a text field, used to help an input method decide how to let the user enter text.?
Set this if the view will serve as a scrolling container, meaing that it can be resized to shrink its overall window so that there will be space for an input method.?
Controls whether the view's window should keep the screen on while visible.?
Defines the direction of layout drawing.?
Extra spacing between lines of text.?
Extra spacing between lines of text, as a multiplier.?
Makes the TextView be exactly this many lines tall.?
If set to false, keeps the movement method from being set to the link movement method even if autoLink causes links to be found.?
Defines whether this view reacts to long click events.?
The number of times to repeat the marquee animation.?
Set an input filter to constrain the text length to the specified number.?
Makes the TextView be at most this many lines tall.?
Makes the TextView be at least this many lines tall.?
Defines the next view to give focus to when the next focus is FOCUS_DOWN If the reference refers to a view that does not exist or is part of a hierarchy that is invisible, a RuntimeException will result when the reference is accessed.?
Defines the next view to give focus to when the next focus is FOCUS_FORWARD If the reference refers to a view that does not exist or is part of a hierarchy that is invisible, a RuntimeException will result when the reference is accessed.?
Defines the next view to give focus to when the next focus is FOCUS_LEFT.?
Defines the next view to give focus to when the next focus is FOCUS_RIGHT If the reference refers to a view that does not exist or is part of a hierarchy that is invisible, a RuntimeException will result when the reference is accessed.?
Defines the next view to give focus to when the next focus is FOCUS_UP If the reference refers to a view that does not exist or is part of a hierarchy that is invisible, a RuntimeException will result when the reference is accessed.?
If set, specifies that this TextView has a numeric input method.?
Sets the padding, in pixels, of the end edge; see padding.?
Sets the padding, in pixels, of the start edge; see padding.?
Whether the characters of the field are displayed as password dots instead of themselves.?
If set, specifies that this TextView has a phone number input method.?
Defines which edges should be faded on scrolling.?
rotation of the view, in degrees.?
rotation of the view around the x axis, in degrees.?
rotation of the view around the y axis, in degrees.?
If unset, no state will be saved for this view when it is being frozen.?
scale of the view in the x direction.?
scale of the view in the y direction.?
Whether the text is allowed to be wider than the view (and therefore can be scrolled horizontally).?
Defines the delay in milliseconds that a scrollbar waits before fade out.?
Defines the delay in milliseconds that a scrollbar takes to fade out.?
Sets the width of vertical scrollbars and height of horizontal scrollbars.?
Controls the scrollbar style and position.?
Place a shadow of the specified color behind the text.?
Horizontal offset of the shadow.?
Vertical offset of the shadow.?
Radius of the shadow.?
Constrains the text to a single horizontally scrolling line instead of letting it wrap onto multiple lines, and advances focus instead of inserting a newline when you press the enter key.?
Boolean that controls whether a view should have sound effects enabled for events such as clicking and touching.?
Text to display.?
Alignment of the text.?
Present the text in ALL CAPS.?
Text color.?
Color of the text selection highlight.?
Color of the hint text.?
Text color for links.?
Sets the horizontal scaling factor for the text.?
Size of the text.?
Style (bold, italic, bolditalic) for the text.?
x location of the pivot point around which the view will rotate and scale.?
y location of the pivot point around which the view will rotate and scale.?
translation in x of the view.?
translation in y of the view.?
Typeface (normal, sans, serif, monospace) for the text.?
Controls the initial visibility of the view.?


"Who is the Murderer?" is a role-play VR game which allows players to virtually explore different rooms
and find clues towards the truth. We have designed a script that have different storyline for different players,
and each player has different responsibility and mission to complete. In our game players can enjoy the immersive
experience of walking around and exploring the rooms while working collaboratively with friends to discover the truth
and find the true "murderer."
What makes the game more interesting is that you cannot trust everyone -- the murderer is also hidden
between the players!
In our game the player can virtually walk around using the thumbstick and look around by moving their head. The player can also grab some items around or grab on some stationary items and see their description. There will be a time system which guides the players on different stage of the game. Players will need to read the script, examine the room, discuss with other players and finally vote for the murderer.
Link: Click Me!
Room tour: Click Me!
Note: please use Firefox VR browser if you want to get the full experience.


Is there anybody going to listen to my story
All about the girl who came to stay?
She's the kind of girl you want so much
It makes you sorry
Still, you don't regret a single day
Ah girl
Girl


--- layout: post title: bus sketch date: '2018-02-05T11:30:38+01:00' categories: - Sketchbooks - Sketches picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/170540663240/bus-sketch ---


{: .-one-column}
function speak (message) {
var msg = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(message)
var voices = window.speechSynthesis.getVoices()
msg.voice = voices[0]
window.speechSynthesis.speak(msg)
}
See: SpeechSynthesisUtterance (developer.mozilla.org)


Our mission is to let students and teachers connect in a new way during lectures, to make them more rewardig and fun!
Student? Sign in HERE


| Identifier | Tags | Last contact |
|---|
| Time & date | Template | User | Client | State |
|---|
The items below are pending your approval.
| Command | Requester | Clients | Reason |
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The items below are pending executions. You are not eligible for voting for those items.
| Command | Requester | Clients | Reason |
|---|
Indispenso uses the Google Authenticator application to generate time-based two factor tokens. You can scan the QR code below to automatically configure it:
| Name | Roles | Auth methods | Enabled |
|---|
| Template | Clients |
|---|
| Name | Tags |
|---|


SponsorCost
Blog and Newsletter Sponsorship/Advertising Calculator
This page/site has
viewers a month, we think each 1000 eyeballs are worth
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Twitter Status allows users to check out latest 20 twitter status based on a screen name (link to explain)
Users can also visualize how post counts correlate with like and Retweet counts.
When a data point on graph is clicked, the top Tweet that contributed to most likes and retweets of the month will be returned.
Coming Soon : Users who interacts the most with current user will be returned.
Coming Soon : Time of day, and day of week where interactions spike will be returned.


Wordile: Application for Windows 8
2 members developed this application including me. This application won a prize, The Greatest Apps for Windows 8: 2012
gluco: Application for Windows 8
This service is developed for diabetes patients. Imagine Cup 2013: Innovative Power Awards Winner
Windows 8: The Greatest Application
Microsoft Korea DPE - The Greatest App for Windows 8 (Project: Wordile)
Microsoft Imagine Cup: Innovative Power Awards
Imagine Cup 2013 Korea Local Final
Top 20 Competitor
Innovative Power Awards with Huge Flow (Project: gluco)


First, the basics.
Headings set your default page size
Here's unordered list of hobbies.
And now, one in order.
Sometimes you want to draw attention to something in a line of text.
Sometimes you want to strongly emphasize something in the text.
Sometimes you want to do both.
Soft line breaks can't wrap anything
Neither can image tags, or hard lines.
This page doesn't look great - we'll learn how to hook it to CSS next week.


| id | type | registrationNumber | company | operations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{vehicle.id}} | {{vehicle.type}} | {{vehicle.registrationNumber}} | {{vehicle.company!=null ? vehicle.company.name : "Unselected"}} |
Do you want to confirm? |
List of tyres : {{tyres.length}}


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Package algorithms.search.global
Class QuantumAnnealing
- java.lang.Object
-
- algorithms.search.global.QuantumAnnealing
-
public class QuantumAnnealing extends java.lang.Object
Goal is to make an implementation of quantum annealing global search, that is, quantum stochastic optimization, related to subject adiabatic quantum computation. First reading the paper "An introduction to quantum annealing" by Falco and Tamascelli (2009?). It contains a review of simulating quantum computing, quantum annealing optimization and then an improvement of the later with a diffusion term. The paper also mentions modern variants of quantum annealing and that may be what is implemented here at the end of the reading. might also read in detail "Quantum path minimization: An efficient method for global optimization" by Liu and Berne, 2003 "Exponential Enhancement of the Efficiency of Quantum Annealing by Non-Stoquastic Hamiltonians" by Nishimori* and Takada, 2017 ? QUBO: https://github.com/alex1770/QUBO-Chimera Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is a pattern matching technique, common in machine learning applications. QUBO is an NP hard problem. QUBO problems may sometimes be well-suited to algorithms aided by quantum annealing.[1] Chimera graph, a rectangularly linked grid of bipartite graphs used as the hardware connectivity structure in quantum annealers as an exercise, explore http://www.quantumplayground.net/#/home might impl Shor: integer factorization in a quantum computer. The efficiency of Shor's algorithm is due to the efficiency of the quantum Fourier transform, and modular exponentiation by repeated squarings. Grovers: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/834b/579cde622a51a1f1459319a48452e5d9760d.pdf https://github.com/dwavesystems/ looking at dwave code... https://github.com/dwavesystems/dw_sa_chi/tree/master/src chimera_annealer dwave_sa(fields, coupler_starts, coupler_ends, coupler_values, seed);
-
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description QuantumAnnealing()
-


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|
Bullet Collision Detection & Physics Library
|
#include "btSimpleBroadphase.h"
#include "BulletCollision/BroadphaseCollision/btDispatcher.h"
#include "BulletCollision/BroadphaseCollision/btCollisionAlgorithm.h"
#include "LinearMath/btVector3.h"
#include "LinearMath/btTransform.h"
#include "LinearMath/btMatrix3x3.h"
#include "LinearMath/btAabbUtil2.h"
#include <new>
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| class | RemovingOverlapCallback |
| class | RemovePairContainingProxy |
| class | CheckOverlapCallback |
Macros | |
| #define | CLEAN_INVALID_PAIRS 1 |
| #define CLEAN_INVALID_PAIRS 1 |


Class DOMElement
- DOMNode
- DOMElement
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Photometric Analysis of Astronomical Targets¶
General Tools¶
Source Extraction and Deblender¶
photutils - Affiliated package for image photometry utilities
General Python package. Not the fastest one and is still growing.
sep - Python library for Source Extraction and Photometry
SEP makes the core algorithms of Source Extractor available as a library of stand-alone functions and classes.
-
It is very good software, just remember never call it sex, just don’t.
The best document: Don’t Panic by Benne Holwerda.
multiprofit - Multi-object/band source modelling/galaxy fitting code
By Dan Taranu. Still under-development.
The Tractor: measuring astronomical sources via probabilistic inference
By Dustin Lang and David Hogg. Used by DECaLS, Probabilistic astronomical source detection & measurement.
ngmix - Gaussian mixtures and image processing implemented in python
By Erin Sheldon. Gaussian mixture models and other code for working with for 2d images, implemented in python. Used by DES data analysis.
Probabilistic Cataloging¶
PCAT - A transdimensional, hierarchical, Bayesian framework to sample from a metamodel
Based on the work by Daylan et al. 2016; the application on crowded field photometry can be found in Portillo et al. 2018
-
Based on the work by Feder et al. 2019. Now only works for point sources.
For Low Surface Brightness or Extremely Faint Targets¶
MTObjects - a tool for detecting sources in astronomical images
Working progress, based on the C code by Paul Teeninga’s 2015 work: Improved detection of faint extended astronomical objects through statistical attribute filtering
Multiband Deblending and Force Photometry¶
scarlet - Source separation in multi-band images by Constrained Matrix Factorization
By Fred Moolekamp and Peter Melchior. It performs source separation (aka “deblending”) on multi-band images. Still under-development.
LAMBDAR: Lambda Adaptive Multi-Band Deblending Algorithm in R
Image Simulation¶
Balrog - DES image simulation software: We dug too deeply and too greedily
Application in DES: No galaxy left behind
Synpipe - Synthetic Object Pipeline for the LSST pipeline
Synpipe provides tasks which make use of the LSST fake object pipeline to insert realistic galaxies and stars. It also includes scripts to analyze the results of data which has been processed with fake objects inserted.
Obiwan - Monte Carlo method for adding fake galaxies to Legacy Survey imaging data
Galaxies or Extended Objects¶
Tools¶
GalSim - The modular galaxy image simulation toolkit
GalSim is open-source software for simulating images of astronomical objects (stars, galaxies) in a variety of ways.
GalSim paper can be found here
1-D Galaxy Profile Extraction¶
stsdas.analysis.isophote - fits elliptical isophotes to galaxy images
The OG.
photutils.isophote - Python version of the ellipse code
Not as fast as the IRAF version, but it is useful. Document is here
ARCHANGEL: Galaxy Photometry System
By James Schombert. Used by several projects including SPARC. Paper is here
2-D Galaxy Modeling¶
Imfit: Fast, Flexible Multi-component Fitting of Galaxy Images
By Peter Erwin. Imfit is a program for fitting astronomical images – especially images of galaxies, though it can in principle be used for fitting other sources
This is today’s first choice.
pymfit by Johnny Greco to use imfit in Python.
Galfit - Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images
By Chien Peng. Still the most flexible code. But it has not been maintained recently.
Top 10 Rules of Thumb for Galaxy Fitting: this is good advice for fitting galaxies in general.
ProFit - Profile Fitting Code in R
ProFit is a Bayesian galaxy fitting tool that uses a fast C++ image generation library and a flexible interface to a large number of likelihood samplers.
libprofit - a low-level C++ library that produces images based on different luminosity profiles. Document is here
pyprofit - a python wrapper for libprofit
This only provides the tool to generate 2-D galaxy model with PSF convolution. You need to setup your own optimazation structue for fitting.
lenstronomy - software package for lens model reconstruction of imaging data
By Simon Birrer. lenstronomy is a multi-purpose package to model strong gravitational lenses. The software package is presented in Birrer & Amara 2018 and is based on Birrer et al 2015.
It can also be used to fit galaxies like Galfit. See example here
Stellar or PSF Photometry¶
DAOPHOT - Stellar Photometry Package
DAOPHOT is a package for stellar photomoetry designed to deal with crowded fields.
DOLPHOT - stellar photometry package that was adapted from HSTphot for general use
By Andrew Dolphin and Raytheon Company. PSF photometry for HSC. Now supports WFIRST too.
pydolphot - python wrappers for DOLPHOT by Dan Weisz.
photutils.psf - PSF photometry in Python
Provides Python approaches to do DAOPhot or IRAF style PSF photometry.
Useful papers¶
Photometric Biases in Modern Surveys by Portillo, Speagle, & Finkbeiner 2019
Reveals a bias in modern PSF photometry: We show these ML estimators systematically overestimate the flux as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the number of model parameters involved in the fit.


OSCE Study Plan
Study Plan
I will update my Study Plan dialy. Download here.
OSCE Review Compilation
Recommended readings before start study plan for OSCE certification.
-
https://www.doyler.net/security-not-included/osce-review-and-exam
-
https://tulpa-security.com/2017/07/18/288/ (Study Guide)
-
https://www.abatchy.com/2017/03/osce-study-plan (Study Guide)
-
OffSec Discord (https://discordapp.com/invite/VPFWfdt)
-
https://community.infosecinstitute.com/discussion/120656
-
https://dilsec.com/2017/06/01/offensive-security-ctp-course-osce-certification-review/
-
https://coffeegist.com/security/my-osce-review/
-
https://haveyousecured.blogspot.com/2017/06/offensive-security-osce-ctp-review.html
-
http://binholic.blogspot.com/2018/04/yet-another-osce-review.html
-
https://blog.badatsecurity.net/2018/09/07-yet-another-osce-review.html
-
https://jhalon.github.io/OSCE-Review/
-
https://h0mbre.github.io/#
-
https://epi052.gitlab.io/notes-to-self/blog/2020-05-13-osce-exam-practice-part-one/ (Start Guide)
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0n3Li63PwnQ (John Hammond Report Tips)
Lab Setup
Before Start I bought:
1) VMWare License (I bought VMWare Workstation Pro 15 on ML)
2) New colorful portable hard disk - center my courses and studies (John Hammond Tip)
VMs
1) Kali 2020.3 updated
2) Windows XP SP3 (32 bits) - Curso Major (103 ou 105)
- Immunity Debugger installed
3) Windows 7 SP1 (32 bits) - Download
4) Windows 10 (64bits) - Curso Helvio (Shellcoding)
Obs: Old Windows VMs images - https://archive.org/search.php?query=subject%3A%22IEVM%22
Notes
1) CheryTree and SublimeText for basic notes
2) For report automation: https://github.com/whoisflynn/OSCP-Exam-Report-Template
Links used on Study Plan.
-
Windows Exploit Development – Part 1: The Basics http://www.securitysift.com/windows-exploit-development-part-1-basics/
-
Corelan - Exploit Writing Tutorial - Part 1 https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2009/07/19/exploit-writing-tutorial-part-1-stack-based-overflows/
-
Windows Exploit Development – Part 2: Intro to Stack Overflow http://www.securitysift.com/windows-exploit-development-part-2-intro-stack-overflow/
-
Smash the stack for fun and profit http://phrack.org/issues/49/14.html#article
-
Vulnserver (Practice)
http://www.thegreycorner.com/p/vulnserver.html
http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/stack-based-buffer-overflow-tutorial-part-1-introduction/
http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/stack-based-buffer-overflow-tutorial-part-2-exploiting-the-stack-overflow/
http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/stack-based-buffer-overflow-tutorial-part-3-%E2%80%94-adding-shellcode/
-
OSCE Wallpaper http://i.imgur.com/Mr9pvq9.jpg
-
Online dissassembly https://www.onlinedisassembler.com/static/home/
-
Windows Exploit Development – Part 3: Changing Offsets and Rebased Modules http://www.securitysift.com/windows-exploit-development-part-3-changing-offsets-and-rebased-modules/
-
Exploit writing tutorial part 2 : Stack Based Overflows – jumping to shellcode https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2009/07/23/writing-buffer-overflow-exploits-a-quick-and-basic-tutorial-part-2/
-
Windows Exploit Development – Part 4: Locating Shellcode With Jumps http://www.securitysift.com/windows-exploit-development-part-4-locating-shellcode-jumps/
-
Spike Fuzzing (fuzzing OSCE) http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/intro-to-fuzzing/ http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/fuzzer-automation-with-spike/
-
Exploit writing tutorial part 3 : SEH Based Exploits https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2009/07/25/writing-buffer-overflow-exploits-a-quick-and-basic-tutorial-part-3-seh/
-
Exploit writing tutorial part 3b : SEH Based Exploits – just another example https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2009/07/28/seh-based-exploit-writing-tutorial-continued-just-another-example-part-3b/
-
Windows Exploit Development – Part 6: SEH Exploits http://www.securitysift.com/windows-exploit-development-part-6-seh-exploits/
-
SEH Practice - Vulnserver http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/buffer-overflow-vulnserver/
-
Scape Egghunter http://www.hick.org/code/skape/papers/egghunt-shellcode.pdf
-
Exploit writing tutorial part 8 : Win32 Egg Hunting https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2010/01/09/exploit-writing-tutorial-part-8-win32-egg-hunting/
-
Windows Exploit Development – Part 5: Locating Shellcode With Egghunting http://www.securitysift.com/windows-exploit-development-part-5-locating-shellcode-egghunting
-
Exploit writing tutorial part 6 : Bypassing Stack Cookies, SafeSeh, SEHOP, HW DEP and ASLR https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2009/09/21/exploit-writing-tutorial-part-6-bypassing-stack-cookies-safeseh-hw-dep-and-aslr/
-
DEFCON 16: BackTrack Foo - From bug to 0day https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gHISpAZiAm0
-
Badchars Practice Vulnserver https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/restricted-character-set-vulnserver/
-
Mona Tutorial https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2011/07/14/mona-py-the-manual/
-
Corelan Exploit writing tutorial part 9 : Introduction to Win32 shellcoding https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2010/02/25/exploit-writing-tutorial-part-9-introduction-to-win32-shellcoding/
-
Fuzzy Security Part 6: Writing W32 shellcode https://www.fuzzysecurity.com/tutorials/expDev/6.html
-
Windows Reverse Shell Shellcode I. http://sh3llc0d3r.com/windows-reverse-shell-shellcode-i/
-
Windows Shellcoding http://www.vividmachines.com/shellcode/shellcode.html#ws
-
Practice 0day exploits http://www.flexense.com/ https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40455/ (exploit example)
-
LFI https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/40992.pdf
-
XSS https://excess-xss.com/
-
XSS 2 https://www.veracode.com/security/xss
-
Writing Manual Shellcode by Hand https://www.exploit-db.com/download/17065
-
Bypassing AntiVirus Scanners https://dl.packetstormsecurity.net/papers/bypass/bypassing-av.pdf
-
Corelan Wallpapers OSCE https://github.com/corelan/wallpapers
-
FuzzySecurity tutorials https://www.fuzzysecurity.com/tutorials.html
-
Revisão conteúdo https://www.abatchy.com/2017/03/osce-study-plan#offline-study-resources
-
Practice Reference https://jhalon.github.io/OSCE-Review/
-
Revisão conteúdo https://www.abatchy.com/2017/03/osce-study-plan#offline-study-resources


This page details how to configure your workflow by saving intermediate results and setting workflow properties. These are both intermediate features that are not necessary for the normal operation of the workflow tool.
The tool allows you to save the intermediate results of a workflow. Normally, a workflow represents a complete transformation/analysis of data from end to end, and you are interested in viewing the final result of the analysis. However, for various reasons you may wish to also save intermediate results part-way through the workflow.
To accomplish this, you must first connect a "Fork" service at the location where you want to save the intermediate results. The fork takes one wire connection and splits it into two (or more) connections. Once the connection has been split, you can connect one of them to a data source to store the intermediate result and another connection to the rest of the workflow as needed.
There are some restrictions on the use of the Fork service. Right now the tool only supports liner workflows, which means that the one of the forked connections can continue on to a non-data service.
Properties of the workflow can be configured in the panel labeled "Workflow Properties" on the right side of the perspective. In this area you can set the name, description, and tags of the workflow. The tags affect how the workflow is categorized when it shows up in the palette.


| Title | CRAWCI Dataset |
|---|---|
| Description | The Dataset of the CRAWCI Project(Crime rate, Average wages and Cultural Institutions: what relationship?). This dataset includes 1) the number of theaters; 2)the percentage of internet usage in families; 3) the number of crime reports; 4)the average salary; 5) The density of cultural institutions per square km. |
| Theme | Economy and Finance; Education, culture and sport; Tecnology |
| Language | English |
| Issued | 2019-11-17 |
| Modified | 2019-11-17 |
| License | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Version | 0.1.0 |
| Date format | ISO 8601 |
| Rights Holder | CRAWCI Project Group |
| Publisher | CRAWCI Project Group |
| Creator | CRAWCI Project Group |
| Homepage | https://simayguzel.github.io/OpenDataCRAWCI/ |
| Crawci Open Data Dataset URI | https://github.com/simayguzel/OpenDataCRAWCI/tree/master/dataset-rdf |
| Download URL | https://github.com/simayguzel/OpenDataCRAWCI/tree/master/dataset-rdf | Spatial Coverage | National data of Italian Regions |
| Temporal Coverage | 2016 |
| Title | CRAWCI Types of Crimes Dataset |
|---|---|
| Description | The Dataset of the CRAWCI Project(Crime rate, Average wages and Cultural Institutions: what relationship?). This dataset provides information about types of crimes in the italian regions . |
| Theme | Justice; Government and public sector |
| Language | English |
| Issued | 2019-11-17 |
| Modified | 2019-11-17 |
| License | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Version | 0.1.0 |
| Date format | ISO 8601 |
| Rights Holder | CRAWCI Project Group |
| Publisher | CRAWCI Project Group |
| Creator | CRAWCI Project Group |
| Homepage | https://simayguzel.github.io/OpenDataCRAWCI/ |
| Crawci Open Data Dataset URI | https://github.com/simayguzel/OpenDataCRAWCI/tree/master/dataset-rdf |
| Download URL | https://github.com/simayguzel/OpenDataCRAWCI/tree/master/dataset-rdf | Spatial Coverage | National data of Italian Regions |
| Temporal Coverage | 2016 |
| Format | CSV | |
|---|---|---|
| License | CC BY-SA 3.0 | |
| Access URL-D.6 | https://github.com/simayguzel/OpenDataCRAWCI/blob/master/dataset-rdf/crawciopendata.csv | |
| Access URL-D.7 | https://github.com/simayguzel/OpenDataCRAWCI/blob/master/dataset-rdf/typesofcrimes.csv |
| Format | RDF |
|---|---|
| License | CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Access URL-D.6 | https://github.com/simayguzel/OpenDataCRAWCI/blob/master/dataset-rdf/dataset.rdf |
| Access URL-D.7 | https://github.com/simayguzel/OpenDataCRAWCI/blob/master/dataset-rdf/crimedataset.rdf |


Adding, editing, or deleting an
Assessment Type
On this page:
Note: To complete these procedures, you must be
assigned a role having the necessary permissions. To determine your
role, follow the directions in Participant roles. For a basic understanding of roles and
permissions, see Permissions and roles: Overview.
About Assessment Types
An Assessment Type is a pre-selected set of assessment settings that
can make it simpler for you to create assessments. You can use any
Assessment Type you create in all of your course and project sites.
When you create or edit an Assessment Type, you determine what changes
to settings you can make when you use the Assessment Type to create
assessments. For more, see Creating a new assessment and
Assessment settings.
Back to top
Creating an Assessment Type
To create an Assessment Type:
- In the menubar, click
Tests & Quizzes
.
- On the Assessments page, click
Assessment Types
.
- Under "New Assessment Type", in the "Title" field, type a name for your
Assessment Type, and then click
Create
.
- Under "Edit Assessment Type", you'll see a list of settings. To reveal
the options for a setting, click its name or the triangular icon next
to it. Then, check the boxes to select the settings and options that
you can edit. Also, some of the settings have default values that you
can set. For information on the settings and options available, see
the Assessment Type settings section below.
- When you're finished, click
Save
. You will
see your Assessment Type listed under "Saved Assessment Types".
Back to top
Editing an Assessment Type
To edit an Assessment Type, from the Assessment Types screen, under
"Saved Assessment Types", click the name of the Assessment Type. For
information on settings and options, see the Assessment Type settings section below. When
you're finished, click Save
.
Back to top
Deleting an Assessment Type
To delete an Assessment Type, from the Assessment Types screen, under
"Saved Assessment Types", click the Remove
link beneath the
Assessment Type to be removed. Click Remove
again to confirm.
Back to top
Assessment Type settings
When you create or edit an Assessment Type, you determine what
changes to settings you can make when you create assessments based on
the Assessment Type. The following settings and options are available:
- Assessment Type Information: In the fields
provided, set the title, author, and description for your Assessment
Type. To make this information appear in the settings for any
assessments that use this Assessment Type, check the box next to
Can be viewed?
.
- Assessment Introduction: Check these boxes to
make it possible to edit the "Author" and "Description" fields.
- Assessment released to: Use these radio buttons to determine who can take an assessment that's based
on this Assessment Type.
- High Security: Check these boxes to make it
possible to set optional security restrictions on assessments. If you
leave these boxes unchecked, the "High Security" settings will be
unavailable in assessments created with this Assessment Type.
- Timed Assessment: If you check this box, you
will have the option to make the assessment timed and to auto-submit
answers if time runs out. If you leave this box unchecked, the
"Timed Assessment" setting will be unavailable in assessments created
with this Assessment Type.
- Assessment Organization: These settings control
the flow of the assessment as students take it. Use the radio buttons
to choose the default values for these settings; use the checkboxes to
allow changes. If you leave the checkboxes empty, then the default
values will always take effect in assessments created with this
Assessment Type.
- Mark for Review: Enabling the Mark for Review
option adds a checkbox labeled
Mark for Review
under every
question in an assessment. Students can check the boxes to mark
questions they would like to return to before submitting the
assessment. This feature is not available when the assessment is
configured for linear access. In the settings for your Assessment
Type, use the first checkbox to determine whether or not you can
change this setting; use the second checkbox to select the default
value for this setting.
- Submissions: These
settings control how many times students can take the assessment, and
whether or not they can take the assessment after the due date. Use
the radio buttons to choose the default values for these settings; use
the checkboxes to allow changes. If you leave the checkboxes empty,
the default values will always take effect in assessments created with
this Assessment Type.
- Submission Message: The Submission Message and
Final Page URL appear on the last page of the assessment, after the
student has clicked
Submit for Grading
. Check these boxes to
allow the insertion of custom messages and URLs here. If
you leave the checkboxes empty, these options will be unavailable in
assessments created with this Assessment Type.
- Feedback: Under "Feedback Authoring", you can
choose
Question-Level Feedback
, Selection-Level
Feedback
, or Both
. Under "Feedback Delivery", you can
choose if and when students will see feedback. Under "Feedback
Components Students Can See", you can choose what kinds of feedback
they'll see. You can also choose whether or not you'll be able to
change these settings.
Note: You should not use the Immediate Feedback
setting in Tests &
Quizzes when assessing learning, as it may provide
information students can use to correct their answers before
submitting a test.
- Grading: The grading options control the
following:
- Whether or not graders can see student names
- Whether or not assessment scores are sent to the Gradebook tool
- How scores for multiple submissions are handled
Use the radio buttons to choose the default value for these settings;
use the checkboxes to determine whether or not you can change them. If
you leave the checkboxes empty, the default values will always take
effect in assessments created with this Assessment Type.
- Graphics: Check this box to allow changes to
the assessment's background color or background image. If you leave
this box unchecked, the "Graphics" options will be unavailable in
assessments created with this Assessment Type.
- Metadata: The "Metadata" settings are text fields
for recording useful information about an assessment or a
question. The three metadata fields available are
"Objective", "Keyword", and "Rubric". If you leave these boxes
unchecked, metadata can't be recorded in assessments created with this
Assessment Type.
Back to top


FUSER
Section: User Commands (1)Updated: 2005-11-05
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
fuser - identify processes using files or socketsSYNOPSIS
fuser [-a|-s|-c] [-4|-6] [-n space ] [-k [-i] [-signal ] ] [-muvf] name ...fuser -l
fuser -V
DESCRIPTION
fuser displays the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file systems. In the default display mode, each file name is followed by a letter denoting the type of access:-
- c
- current directory.
- e
- executable being run.
- f
- open file. f is omitted in default display mode.
- F
- open file for writing. F is omitted in default display mode.
- r
- root directory.
- m
- mmap'ed file or shared library.
fuser returns a non-zero return code if none of the specified files is accessed or in case of a fatal error. If at least one access has been found, fuser returns zero.
In order to look up processes using TCP and UDP sockets, the corresponding name space has to be selected with the -n option. By default fuser will look in both IPv6 and IPv4 sockets. To change the default, behavior, use the -4 and -6 options. The socket(s) can be specified by the local and remote port, and the remote address. All fields are optional, but commas in front of missing fields must be present:
[lcl_port][,[rmt_host][,[rmt_port]]]
Either symbolic or numeric values can be used for IP addresses and port numbers.
fuser outputs only the PIDs to stdout, everything else is sent to stderr.
OPTIONS
- -a
- Show all files specified on the command line. By default, only files that are accessed by at least one process are shown.
- -c
- Same as -m option, used for POSIX compatibility.
- -f
- Silently ignored, used for POSIX compatibility.
- -k
- Kill processes accessing the file. Unless changed with -signal, SIGKILL is sent. An fuser process never kills itself, but may kill other fuser processes. The effective user ID of the process executing fuser is set to its real user ID before attempting to kill.
- -i
- Ask the user for confirmation before killing a process. This option is silently ignored if -k is not present too.
- -l
- List all known signal names.
- -m
- name specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block device that is mounted. All processes accessing files on that file system are listed. If a directory file is specified, it is automatically changed to name/. to use any file system that might be mounted on that directory.
- -n space
- Select a different name space. The name spaces file (file names, the default), udp (local UDP ports), and tcp (local TCP ports) are supported. For ports, either the port number or the symbolic name can be specified. If there is no ambiguity, the shortcut notation name/Ispace (e.g. 80/tcp ) can be used.
- -s
- Silent operation. -u and -v are ignored in this mode. -a must not be used with -s.
- -signal
- Use the specified signal instead of SIGKILL when killing processes. Signals can be specified either by name (e.g. -HUP) or by number (e.g. -1). This option is silently ignored if the -k option is not used.
- -u
- Append the user name of the process owner to each PID.
- -v
- Verbose mode. Processes are shown in a ps-like style. The fields PID, USER and COMMAND are similar to ps. ACCESS shows how the process accesses the file. If the access is by the kernel (e.g. in the case of a mount point, a swap file, etc.), kernel is shown instead of the PID.
- -V
- Display version information.
- -4
- Search only for IPv4 sockets. This option must not be used with the -6 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp namespaces.
- -6
- Search only for IPv6 sockets. This option must not be used with the -4 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp namespaces.
- -
- Reset all options and set the signal back to SIGKILL.
FILES
/proc location of the proc file system
EXAMPLES
fuser -km /home kills all processes accessing the file system /home in any way.if fuser -s /dev/ttyS1; then :; else something; fi invokes something if no other process is using /dev/ttyS1.
fuser telnet/tcp shows all processes at the (local) TELNET port.
RESTRICTIONS
Processes accessing the same file or file system several times in the same way are only shown once.If the same object is specified several times on the command line, some of those entries may be ignored.
fuser may only be able to gather partial information unless run with privileges. As a consequence, files opened by processes belonging to other users may not be listed and executables may be classified as mapped only.
Installing fuser SUID root will avoid problems associated with partial information, but may be undesirable for security and privacy reasons.
udp and tcp name spaces, and UNIX domain sockets can't be searched with kernels older than 1.3.78.
udp and tcp currently work with IPv6 and IPv4, but the address fields can only be IPv4 addresses.
Accesses by the kernel are only shown with the -v option.
The -k option only works on processes. If the user is the kernel, fuser will print an advice, but take no action beyond that.
BUGS
fuser -m /dev/sgX will show (or kill with the -k flag) all processes, even if you don't have that device configured. There may be other devices it does this for too.
fuser cannot report on any processes that it doesn't have permission to look at the file descriptor table for. The most common time this problem occurs is when looking for TCP or UDP sockets when running fuser as a non-root user. In this case fuser will report no access
AUTHORS
Werner Almesberger<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Craig Small<EMAIL_ADDRESS>SEE ALSO
kill(1), killall(1), lsof(8), ps(1), kill(2).
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:03 GMT, December 24, 2015


Module (shapefile)
.
Each shapefile is spread over a number of different files, each containing part of the whole data. More information can be found on Wikipedia and in the whitepaper.
The main interface for loading shapefiles is
path is a search path without an extension. This due to the data
being spread over multiple files.
Returns a shapefile
object.
The shp and dbf files are required to exist 1
transcoder and projection is the data from the cpg and prj files read directly as noted in cpg - Codepage and prj - Projection Information.
records is a list of record
records.
Alternative constructor to the “regular” make-shapefile
.
Each keyword argument is optional, and defaults to #f
. No
responsibility is taken if someonee were to create a shapefile
without a records list.
shape is a shape record as read from the shp file. data Is a dbf record, as read from the dbf file.
| • shp - Shape Data | ||
| • shx - Shape Index | ||
| • prj - Projection Information | ||
| • cpg - Codepage | ||
| • dbf - Database |


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I am a highschool graduate who enjoys everything tech. I am currently going to university to further my skills in Computer Science. Combining my knowledge from Moringa School and university allows me to master both theortical and practical aspects of programming. In terms of programming, I am Full Stack developer who can make high quality web applications that feature beautiful frontends and efficient backends.
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A web app for finding information from GitHub. This app allows you to write a search query and get results regarding the users and repositories that match that query. You can also get a deeper look at users and repositories by clicking on them. The purpose of this app is to make it simple to find things on GitHub.
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A web app that keeps a catalogue of quotes. With Quoter, you can find inspirational quotes in the categories of sports, tv shows, and science. Along with this, you can add your own quotes to contribute to the community. Users can also delete quotes they think are unnecessary in the Quoter catalogue.
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A web app to keep up with the latest news. The app makes it easy to check what's going on in the world from different news sources; CNN News, BBC News, and others. The app also shows short descriptions allowing users to quickly decide what they want to read.
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Your privacy is important to our team and we are committed to protecting your privacy. So we’ve release this Privacy Policy. Please take a moment to familiarize yourself with our privacy practices and let us know if you have any questions.
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How we use your personal information
We collect your personal information only for function needs such as to process your requests and transactions.
We may edit stored photos, apply effects to them and use them to perform marketing activities. Yet we will show your photos or your edited photos solely to you.
We do not disclose your images, which you have uploaded for editing and manipulation to our application unless you provide explicit consent to show your images on our application, or third party services.
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Non-personal information is data in a form that does not permit a direct association with any specific individual, such as your Android ID, CPN model, phone model, storage etc.
When you use the application, we automatically collect some non-personal information such as installed application name and package name, the data of installation, country, equipment and channel.
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How we use your non-personal information
We may collect and use non-personal information in the following circumstances. To have a better understanding in user’s behavior, solve problems in products and services, improve our products, services and advertising,
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_Two_Can_Play_That_Game_ (R) *** (out of ****)
Any film that opens with its protagonist saying directly to the camera, "Oh hey! I didn't see you there!" courts disaster. That _Two_Can_Play_That_Game_ turns out to be far from one is less a measure of the efforts of writer-director Mark Brown than his leading lady, Vivica A. Fox, whose considerable charms are able to make the film's less appealing qualities rather tolerable.
And how fortunate is that, given that two potentially repellent elements lie front and center in the film. First is the excessive breaking of the fourth wall. Main character Shanté Smith (Fox) directly addresses the camera so frequently that the audience can be considered another cast member, playing the best friend/sounding board role. More problematic is the character of Shanté herself. A sexy, successful professional woman, Shanté is also characterized by a self-confidence that creeps dangerously close to off-putting arrogance--particularly in the relationship department, which is the focus of the film. The ostensible plot has Shanté suspecting her boyfriend Keith Fenton (Morris Chestnut) of cheating, and the remainder of the film has her outlining to the audience her allegedly foolproof ten-day plan, which entails lying and all sorts of psychological manipulation, to get any man in gear.
 Yet she never does, and that's a tribute to Fox. Her natural warmth and instant likability adds an invaluable layer of sincerity to the character. While some of the games she plays seem a bit extreme, Fox's sympathetic portrayal paints the behavior as more misguided than mean-spirited; her Shanté may be a little cocky and deluded, but she clearly has her heart in the right place and does truly love Keith (contributing mightily to the latter is Fox's convincing chemistry with Chestnut). As deserved as Shanté's inevitable comeuppance is, Fox is able to connect with the audience so strongly that one cannot help but feel for the character when her strategy starts to backfire.
But _Two_Can_Play_That_Game_ isn't all about sweet sentiment. Its bigger concern is simply fun, and Fox and her equally appealing supporting cast lend the familiar proceedings a sassy, spunky zing. Standing out from the pack are Mo'Nique (as one of Shanté's girlfriends) and Anthony Anderson (as Keith's co-worker and "coach" in the ways of women), who get the best of Brown's dialogue in the designated comic relief roles. _Two_Can_Play_That_Game_ makes no bones about being as insubstantial and disposable a film as one can find, but it's a cute little trifle that delivers on the good time it promises.
©2001 Michael Dequina
Michael Dequina<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The Movie Report/Mr. Brown's Movie Site: www.mrbrownmovies.com www.filmthreat.com | www.cinemareview.com | www.digitalwidescreen.com on ICQ: #25289934 | on AOL Instant Messenger: MrBrown23
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29768 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 254064 X-RT-TitleID: 1109701 X-RT-SourceID: 636 X-RT-AuthorID: 1202 X-RT-RatingText: 3/4
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This comment should be the used for the module summary in the generated documentation.
This is an internal function exposed below.
!PubClass
Reference to internal class as parameter.
(string|PubClass|null)
Reference to internal class in union.


class PrintHelpMessage : CliktError
An exception that indicates that the command's help should be printed.
Execution should be immediately halted with an error.
PrintHelpMessage(command: CliktCommand)
An exception that indicates that the command's help should be printed. |
val command: CliktCommand |


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