THE CRUCIBLE A film review by Deborah Kelley-Milburn Copyright 1996 Deborah Kelley-Milburn
I should begin by stating my prejudices. "The Crucible" is one of my favorite plays. In my opinion Nicholas Hytner is a gifted director and Daniel Day-Lewis is the best actor alive. When I discovered that they were filming "The Crucible" practically in my back yard, I was thrilled, and I have followed its creation with great interest. Imagine my delight= =20 when I was lucky enough to get a ticket for a preview screening last Thursday. However, my excitement quickly turned to trepidation. I'd heard a lot of Oscar buzz and the production has stellar credentials. Were my expectations too high? Would they blow it? How could any film live up to such anticipation? Well, "The Crucible" lives up to the highest of expectations and then some. It is brilliant!
As you probably know from high-school English class, Arthur Miller wrote the play in the 1950s when it was interpreted as a thinly veiled allegory for McCarthyism. But the year is 1692. A group of teenage girls are caught dancing in the woods and to escape punishment they begin to cry witch. One of the girls, Abigail Williams (Winona Ryder), has another motive. She had a brief affair with the upstanding farmer John Proctor (Daniel Day-Lewis) and she wants to dispose of his wife Elizabeth (Joan Allen). Magistrates are brought in, lead by Judge Danforth (Paul Scofield) to ferret out the Devil and hangings begin. If accused, the only way to save oneself is by confession. Then the accusations reach the Proctors' door...
The screenplay, written by Arthur Miller is very close to the original. It retains the language and only adds a few scenes not in the play. Thus the essence of the play is intact. Great pains were taken to ensure the historical accuracy of everything in the film, right down to the actors' underwear, but this is no historical set piece - you should leave your high-school English expectations at the door. Hytner has added a pulsating, dynamic feeling to the film that carries the audience along with the principals as they struggle with the exploding hysteria. Hytner and Miller aim to transcend 1692, and the 1950s for that matter, and they succeed.
This film is so good in just about every way that it is hard to single out specific elements or performances. All the actors do a superb job, from Daniel Day-Lewis all the way down. I was worried that Winona Ryder might not have the range to handle the role of Abby, but she is excellent. She endows Abby with an appropriate complexity. She is strong, passionate, intelligent and - damaged. In another place and time she might have been a leader; in this piece she is quite believable as the ring leader of the hysterical girls. Then, all you have to do is take one look at Paul Scofield and you know that he was born to play Judge Danforth. He looks the perfect Puritan and he sounds it, delivering lines such as "And now we will touch the bottom of this swamp!" just right.
But the film belongs to Daniel Day-Lewis and Joan Allen. Day-Lewis is restrained for the first half of the film, conveying in subtle ways John Proctor's stature in the community. He projects strength and sexual magnetism along with the guilt for his sin. Joan Allen has few lines but makes the most of them as the wise but worried wife who loves her husband. At the outset, their marriage is in trouble, and by the end they have reconciled. Their scenes together are some of the film's finest, particularly one stunning scene shot on the beach where they ask each other for forgiveness. I had to restrain myself from sobbing; it is positively heartbreaking, one of the most moving love scenes I have ever seen. Together, they create an unforgettable portrait of a marriage.
Miller and Hytner have shrewdly made the Proctors' relationship the centerpiece of the film. In doing so, they skillfully blend the personal and the political. Like another Day-Lewis film "In the Name of the Father" where the father-son relationship grounds the movie, we care very much what happens to the Proctors.
In fact, all of the characters are multidimensional; even the accusers are not painted with a singularly dark brush. We learn, for example, that Abigail Williams witnessed the brutal slaying of her parents. One of the women who first cries witch, Ann Putnam, is made sympathetic by the revelation that of her eight children all but one has died. When her last child is "afflicted" she is terrified and desperate for an explanation. Why have all her children been taken from her??? Her fear and rage fuel her accusations.
 While there is one scene in the film where the girls get down on their hands and knees and call for Jesus, evoking contemporary evangelical Christianity, I think to focus on specific parallels misses the point. I don't believe Arthur Miller was writing specifically about anti-communism any more than he was writing specifically about witchcraft. Rather, "The Crucible" is a chiaroscuro of human nature. It's about fear, pain and the need for scapegoats. It's about corruption and the abuse of power. And ultimately it's about morality, justice, righteousness and the power of truth.
Miller and Hytner have created a timeless modern masterpiece in "The Crucible." It is not to be missed.
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--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Help.20with.20explicit.20sets.html ---
I've been battling a while now with set
s, finset
s, fintype
s and such forth for a while now. I have many questions, but as way of a first one I have this.
Given the following definition of a quiver:
variables {α β : Type} structure quiver := (vertices : set α) (edges : set β) (s : edges → vertices) (t : edges → vertices)
I would like to define a small "toy" example so I can prove some theorems with it. Something like
variables (A B : α ) (a : β ) [decidable_eq α] [decidable_eq β] def test_quiver : @quiver α β := { vertices := {A, B}, edges := {a}, s := λ e, A, t := λ e, B, }
A lot about this screams sub-optimal to me: for example the s
and t
functions I'd prefer to define by some mapping from a
to values (so that defining more complicated quivers is simple). I presume there is some way to do this with inductive functions, but that is secondary.
The first problem is that the above doesn't compile.
/home/rob...ry/src/quiver.lean:40:9: error: type mismatch at field 's' λ (e : ↥{a}), A has type ↥{a} → α but is expected to have type ↥{a} → ↥{A, B}
I understand the error, and I understand the problem (A is of type α and a priori has nothing to do with the set {A, B}). My question is how to fix this? Since I can't even find where the {...}
notation is defined, I don't know what type {A,B}
even is, so don't know what is missing.
 Unless you really meant to do this for some reason, it would probably make things a lot easier to define
structure quiver := (vertices : Type) (edges : Type) (s : edges → vertices) (t : edges → vertices)
Ok, sure: I suppose that makes a little more sense (and coercion will convert any subsets of type α to a type when I need to define a quiver on a subset of α?)
The question then changes to "how do I make a Type with exactly three named elements in it"
https://leanprover.github.io/theorem_proving_in_lean/inductive_types.html#enumerated-types
To answer your original question, ↥{A, B}
is the type subtype {A, B}
. To give a value of this type you need to give a value of the underlying type α
together with a proof that the value belongs to the subset {A, B}
--I assume by simp
will do it for you.
Ahhhh. Sigh. Obvious now. Thank you for your time!
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public interface UserInterface
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
forceFailure()
Determine whether a failure should be forced when a method call
completes.
|
void |
setCallComplete()
Tell the user interface that a remote call has completed
|
void |
setCallInProgress()
Tell the user interface that a remote call is in progress
|
void |
setCallStatus(String message)
Set the return status of the remote call
|
void |
setClientContextualConstraints(net.jini.core.constraint.InvocationConstraints constraints)
Set the contextual constraints imposed by the client.
|
void |
setClientProxyConstraints(net.jini.core.constraint.InvocationConstraints constraints)
Set the constraints placed on the proxy by the client.
|
void |
setClientSubject(Subject subject)
Set the authenticated client subject being used for the remote call
|
void |
setCombinedConstraints(net.jini.core.constraint.InvocationConstraints constraints)
Set the combined constraints actually being used for the Remote call
|
void |
setEndpointCount(int count)
Set the number of endpoints found in a client proxy
|
void |
setFailureCount(int count)
Set the number of failures detected for this client
|
void |
setPostCallFreeMemory(long memory)
Set the free memory which existed immediately after the remote call
|
void |
setPreCallFreeMemory(long memory)
Set the free memory which existed immediately before the remote call
|
void |
setServerConstraints(net.jini.core.constraint.InvocationConstraints constraints)
Set the constraints imposed on the remote call by the server
|
void |
setServerSubject(Subject subject)
Set the authenticated server subject being used for the remote call
|
void |
setTestCount(int testNum,
int testTotal)
Set test progress statistics.
|
void |
setTestName(String testName)
Set the method name of the remote call being tested
|
void |
setTestSuite(org.apache.river.test.impl.end2end.e2etest.CipherSuite suite)
Set the name of the ciphersuite
|
void |
showFailure(String message)
Display a failure indication to the user.
|
boolean |
stopAfterCall()
Determine whether testing should be paused when a method call completes.
|
boolean |
stopAfterFailure()
Determine whether testing should pause after a failure is detected.
|
void setTestCount(int testNum, int testTotal)
testNum
- the number of the current testtestTotal
- the total number of tests to be runvoid setTestSuite(org.apache.river.test.impl.end2end.e2etest.CipherSuite suite)
suite
- the CipherSuite
void setTestName(String testName)
testName
- the method namevoid setClientContextualConstraints(net.jini.core.constraint.InvocationConstraints constraints)
constraints
- the contextual constraintsvoid setClientProxyConstraints(net.jini.core.constraint.InvocationConstraints constraints)
constraints
- the client proxy constraintsvoid setServerConstraints(net.jini.core.constraint.InvocationConstraints constraints)
constraints
- the server constraintsvoid setCombinedConstraints(net.jini.core.constraint.InvocationConstraints constraints)
constraints
- the combined constraints for the callvoid setClientSubject(Subject subject)
subject
- the authenticated client subjectvoid setServerSubject(Subject subject)
subject
- the authenticated server subjectvoid setEndpointCount(int count)
count
- the number of endpointsvoid setPreCallFreeMemory(long memory)
memory
- the amount of free memoryvoid setPostCallFreeMemory(long memory)
memory
- the amount of free memoryvoid setFailureCount(int count)
count
- the number of failuresvoid setCallStatus(String message)
message
- a String describing the return status of the remote callvoid setCallInProgress()
void setCallComplete()
boolean stopAfterCall()
boolean forceFailure()
void showFailure(String message)
message
- a String containing the complete failure message
to be displayed to the userboolean stopAfterFailure()
UserInterface
implementation is free to assume
that a failure has occured when this method is called, and may
force test termination rather than return. It is expected that
'batch runs' might implement this behavior.Copyright 2007-2013, multiple authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, see the NOTICE file for attributions.


A set of functions to generate and format results from statistical analyses of a wide range of high throughput experiments that can then be uploaded into the 'BART' (Bio-Statistical Analysis Reporting Tool) 'shiny' app <https://github.com/jcardenas14/BART>. The app provides users with tools to visualize and efficiently sift through large amounts of data and results.
| Version: | 1.0.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.4.0) |
| Imports: | clValid (≥ 0.6-6), data.table (≥ 1.10.4), fastcluster (≥ 1.1.22), ggplot2 (≥ 2.2.1), grid (≥ 3.3.3), gtools (≥ 3.5.0), limma (≥ 3.30.13), NMF (≥ 0.20.6), pca3d (≥ 0.10), psych (≥ <IP_ADDRESS>), qusage (≥ 2.6.1), RColorBrewer (≥ 1.1-2), reshape2 (≥ 1.4.2), rmarkdown (≥ 1.5), scales (≥ 0.4.1), shiny (≥ 1.0.3), shinydashboard (≥ 0.5.3), shinyjs (≥ 0.9), statmod (≥ 1.2.2), stats (≥ 3.3.3), stringr (≥ 1.2.0), tools (≥ 3.3.3), VennDiagram (≥ 1.6.17) |
| Suggests: | DESeq2 (≥ 1.14.1), edgeR (≥ 3.16.5), knitr (≥ 1.15.1), SummarizedExperiment (≥ 1.1.6), testthat |
| Published: | 2018-03-13 |
| Author: | Jacob Cardenas [aut, cre], Jacob Turner [aut], Derek Blankenship [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Jacob Cardenas <jacob.cardenas at bswhealth.org> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | genBart results |
| Reference manual: | genBart.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
genBart package Vignette |
| Package source: | genBart_1.0.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: genBart_1.0.1.zip, r-release: genBart_1.0.1.zip, r-oldrel: genBart_1.0.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: genBart_1.0.1.tgz, r-oldrel: genBart_1.0.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | genBart archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=genBart to link to this page.


Ships¶
The ship is the basis for all actions taken in the game. Each player’s AI controls a ship. The ship can move around to the various points,
Ship Interactions¶
Every turn, each ship will first use their action, then they will move.
Ship Attributes¶
- Stats you get from YOUR ship:
- Ship stats:
engine_speed
- speed of the shipweapon_damage
- strength of ship’s weaponweapon_range
- range of attack from weaponcargo_space
- amount of storage ship hasmining_yield
- mining capabilitysensor_range
- range sensors can pick up
- Module stats:
module_0
- component in module 0module_1
- component in module 1module_2
- component in module 2module_3
- component in module 3module_0_level
- level of component in module 0module_1_level
- level of component in module 1module_2_level
- level of component in module 2module_3_level
- level of component in module 3
- Actions:
action
- action to be takenaction_param_1
- First parameter for action to be taken.action_param_2
- Second parameter for action to be taken.action_param_3
- Third parameter for action to be taken.move_action
- movement to be taken
- Other:
respawn_counter
- time until respawncredits
- total number of credits possessed
- Ship stats:
- Stats you get from OTHER AND YOUR ships:
public_id
- Ship’s Public IDmax_hull
- Ship’s max hullcurrent_hull
- Ship’s current hullcargo_space
- Ship’s cargo spaceposition
- Ship’s positioninventory
- Ship’s inventorynotoriety
- Notoriety of the shiplegal_standing
- Legal standing of the ship


Navbar component
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Home
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We welcome any feedback you may have about the website or data. If you find there is a data format you would like to be able to download or a type of search that you think would be useful please let us know using the contacts below. Linda Milne is responsible for the website and database. Micha Bayer and Craig Simpson can answer questions about the analytical methods and data used to create EoRNA.
EoRNA, a barley gene and transcript abundance database.
Linda Milne, Micha Bayer, Paulo Rapazote-Flores, Claus-Dieter Mayer, Robbie Waugh, Craig G. Simpson
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2<IP_ADDRESS>5749
Bioinformatics Specialist,
Information and Computational Sciences Group.
- Genome assembly, SNP discovery, marker/microarray design, genome annotation.
- Development of visualization and analysis tools for sequence and genetic data.
- Database and information management systems for Institute research projects.
Bioinformatics Specialist,
Information and Computational Sciences Group.
- Specialises in analysis of Next Generation Sequencing data from crop plants.
- Main focus: genomics and variomics (in particular in barley).
Senior Postdoctoral Scientist,
Cell and Molecular Sciences Group
- Interested in how plant genes express themselves in response to environmental and developmental changes.
- Has established a system that allows the measurement of changes in alternative splicing of hundreds of genes simultaneously.


Rahul Rajagopalan
Assignment 3
Direction Finder
Modified the Static Maps API-using app to provide directions.
The user specifies two places, and the app displays a path between them.
This uses the markers and paths features of the Static Maps API
Original App - Phone Passport
Phone Passport
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Assignment 3
Assignment 5


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This is level 1 Title
This h2's id=ljh
This h3's id=lgp
This is h4's class=three
This is jiazhong class


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The National Organization for Women is a group of feminist grassroots activists in the United States.
The Association of Women's Rights in Development is an international organization committed to achieving gender equality and sustainable development.
The American Association of University Women promotes equity and education in the United States.
The Women's Environment and Development Organization is an advocate of the international women's rights movement.
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Geostatistical modelling facilities using Raster and SpatialPoints objects are provided. Non-Gaussian models are fit using INLA, and Gaussian geostatistical models use Maximum Likelihood Estimation. For details see Brown (2015) <doi:10.18637/jss.v063.i12>.
| Version: | 1.7.2 |
| Depends: | Matrix (≥ 1.2.0), raster, sp, R (≥ 3.0.0) |
| Imports: | abind, numDeriv, methods, stats |
| LinkingTo: | Matrix |
| Suggests: | RandomFields, rgdal, parallel, mapmisc, ellipse, pracma, knitr |
| Enhances: | INLA, diseasemapping, geoR, rgeos, mvtnorm |
| Published: | 2018-07-13 |
| Author: | Patrick Brown[aut, cre], Robert Hijmans [ctb] |
| Maintainer: | Patrick Brown <patrick.brown at utoronto.ca> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL] |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Citation: | geostatsp citation info |
| In views: | Spatial |
| CRAN checks: | geostatsp results |
| Reference manual: | geostatsp.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Various GLGM examples LGCP with PC priors |
| Package source: | geostatsp_1.7.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: geostatsp_1.7.2.zip, r-release: geostatsp_1.7.2.zip, r-oldrel: geostatsp_1.7.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: geostatsp_1.7.2.tgz, r-oldrel: geostatsp_1.7.2.tgz |
| Old sources: | geostatsp archive |
| Reverse imports: | spatsurv |
| Reverse suggests: | diseasemapping |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=geostatsp to link to this page.


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Hi there! Semantic versioning uses three numbers with dots in the middle to show what happened in an update.
The first number means the MAJOR version, and changing this usually means you can't use the dependency in the same way.
The second number means the MINOR version, and changing this usually means you can use it in a new way, but the old way still works fine.
The third number means the PATCH version, and changing this means bugs were fixed, but everything else should still work the same.
If you'd like to know more, here is an explanation of semver


Introduction
This post will show you how to write and read a list of data tables to and from Excel with purrr, the functional programming package 📦 from tidyverse. In this example I will also use the packages readxl and writexl for reading and writing in Excel files, and cover methods for both XLSX and CSV (not strictly Excel, but might as well!) files.
Whilst the internet is certainly in no shortage of R tutorials on how to read and write Excel files (see this Stack Overflow thread for example), I think a purrr approach still isn’t as well-known or well-documented. I find this approach to be very clean and readable, and certainly more “tidyverse-consistent” than other approaches which rely on lapply()
or for loops. My choice of packages 📦 for reading and writing Excel files are readxl and writexl, where the advantage is that neither of them require external dependencies.
For reading and writing CSV files, I personally have switched back and forth between readr and data.table, depending on whether I have a need to do a particular analysis in data.table (see this discussion on why I sometimes use it in favour of dplyr). Where applicable in this post, I will point out in places where you can use alternatives from data.table for fast reading/writing.
For documentation/demonstration purposes, I’ll make the package references (indicated by ::
) explicit in the functions below, but it’s advisable to remove them in “real life” to avoid code that is overly verbose.
Getting Started
The key functions used in this vignette come from three packages: purrr, readxl, and writexl.
Since purrr is part of core tidyverse, we can simply run library(tidyverse)
. This is also convenient as we’ll also use various functions such as group_split()
from dplyr and the %>%
operator from magrittr in the example.
Note that although readxl is part of tidyverse, you’ll still need to load it explicitly as it’s not a “core” tidyverse package.
Writing multiple Excel files
Let us start off with the iris dataset that is pre-loaded with R. If you’re not one of us sad people who almost know this dataset by heart, here’s what it looks like:
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
The first thing that we want to do is to create multiple datasets, which we can do so by splitting iris. I’ll do this by running group_split()
on the Species column, so that each species of iris has its own dataset. This will return a list of three data frames, one for each unique value in Species: setosa, versicolor, and virginica. I’ll assign these three data frames to a list object called list_of_dfs
:
## [[1]]
## # A tibble: 50 x 5
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <fct>
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
## 7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 8 5 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 10 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## # ... with 40 more rows
##
## [[2]]
## # A tibble: 50 x 5
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <fct>
## 1 7 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 2 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 3 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 4 5.5 2.3 4 1.3 versicolor
## 5 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor
## 6 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor
## 7 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor
## 8 4.9 2.4 3.3 1 versicolor
## 9 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor
## 10 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor
## # ... with 40 more rows
##
## [[3]]
## # A tibble: 50 x 5
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <fct>
## 1 6.3 3.3 6 2.5 virginica
## 2 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 3 7.1 3 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 4 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 5 6.5 3 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 6 7.6 3 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 7 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica
## 8 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 9 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 10 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## # ... with 40 more rows
I’ll also use purrr::map()
to take the character values (setosa, versicolor, and virginica) from the Species column itself for assigning names to the list. map()
transforms an input by applying a function to each element of the input, and then returns a vector the same length as the input. In this immediate example, the input is the list_of_dfs
and we apply the function dplyr::pull()
to extract the Species variable from each data frame. We then repeat this approach to convert Species into character type with as.character()
and take out a single value with unique()
:
# Use the value from the "Species" column to provide a name for the list members
list_of_dfs %>%
purrr::map(~pull(.,Species)) %>% # Pull out Species variable
purrr::map(~as.character(.)) %>% # Convert factor to character
purrr::map(~unique(.)) -> names(list_of_dfs) # Set this as names for list members
names(list_of_dfs)
## [1] "setosa" "versicolor" "virginica"
These names will be useful for exporting the data frames into Excel, as they will effectively be our Excel sheet names. You can always manually hard-code the sheet names, but the above approach allows you to do the entire thing dynamically if you need to.
Having set the sheet names, I can then pipe the list of data frames directly into write_xlsx()
, where the Excel file name and path is specified in the same path
argument:
Writing multiple CSV files
Exporting the list of data frames into multiple CSV files will take a few more lines of code, but still relatively straightforward. There are three main steps:
Define a function that tells R what the names for each CSV file should be, which I’ve called
output_csv()
below. The data argument will take in a data frame whilst the names argument will take in a character string that will form part of the file name for the individual CSV file.Create a named list where the names match the arguments of the function you’ve just defined (data and names), and should contain the objects that you would like to pass through to the function for the respective arguments. In this case, list_of_dfs will provide the three data frames, and names(list_of_dfs) will provide the names of those three data frames. This is necessary for running
pmap()
, which in my view is basically a super-powered version ofmap()
that lets you iterate over multiple inputs simultaneously.pmap()
will then iterate through the two sets of inputs throughoutput_csv()
(the inputs are used as arguments), which then writes the three CSV files with the file names you want. For the “writing” function, you could either usewrite_csv()
from readr (part of tidyverse) orfwrite()
from data.table, depending on your workflow / style.
# Step 1
# Define a function for exporting csv with the desired file names and into the right path
output_csv <- function(data, names){
folder_path <- "../datasets/test-excel/"
write_csv(data, paste0(folder_path, "test-excel-", names, ".csv"))
}
# Step 2
list(data = list_of_dfs,
names = names(list_of_dfs)) %>%
# Step 3
purrr::pmap(output_csv)
The outcome of the above code is shown below. My directory now contains one Excel file with three Worksheets (sheet names are “setosa”, “versicolor”, and “virginica”), and three separate CSV files for each data slice:
Reading multiple Excel / CSV files
For reading files in, you’ll need to decide on how you want them to be read in. The options are:
- Read all the datasets directly into the Global Environment as individual data frames with a “separate existence” and separate names.
- Read all the datasets into a single list, where each data frame is a member of that list.
The first option is best if you are unlikely to run similar operations on all the data frames at the same time. You may for instance want to do this if the data sets that you are reading in are structurally different from each other, and that you are planning to manipulate them separately.
The second option will be best if you are likely to manipulate all the data frames at the same time, where for instance you may run on the list of data frames map()
with drop_na()
as an argument to remove missing values for all of the data frames at the same time. The benefit of reading your multiple data sets into a list is that you will have a much cleaner workspace (Global Environment). However, there is a minor and almost negligible inconvenience accessing individual data frames, as you will need to go into a list and pick out the right member of the list (e.g. doing something like list_of_dfs[3]
).
Method 1A: Read all sheets in Excel into Global Environment
So let’s begin! This method will read all the sheets within a specified Excel file and load them into the Global Environment, using variable names of your own choice. For simplicity, I will use the original Excel sheet names as the variable names.
The first thing to do is to specify the file path to the Excel file:
You can then run readxl::excel_sheets()
to extract the sheet names in that Excel file, and save it as a character type vector.
# Extract the sheet names as a character string vector
wb_sheets <- readxl::excel_sheets(wb_source)
print(wb_sheets)
## [1] "setosa" "versicolor" "virginica"
The next step is to iterate through the sheet names (saved in wb_sheets
) using map()
, and within each iteration use assign()
(base) and read_xlsx()
(from readxl) to load each individual sheet into the Global Environment, giving each one a variable name. Here’s the code:
# Load everything into the Global Environment
wb_sheets %>%
purrr::map(function(sheet){ # iterate through each sheet name
assign(x = sheet,
value = readxl::read_xlsx(path = wb_source, sheet = sheet),
envir = .GlobalEnv)
})
This is what my work space looks like:
Note that map()
always returns a list, but in this case we do not need a list returned and only require the “side effects”, i.e. the objects being read in to be assigned to the Global Environment. If you prefer you can use lapply()
instead of map()
, which for this purpose doesn’t make a big practical difference.
Also, assign()
allows you to assign a value to a name in an environment, where we’ve specified the following as arguments:
- x:
sheet
as the variable name - value: The actual data from the sheet we read in. Here, we use
readxl::read_xlsx()
for reading in specific sheets from the Excel file, where you simply specify the file path and the sheet name as the arguments. - envir:
.GlobalEnv
as the environment
Method 1B: Read all CSV files in directory into Global Environment
The method for reading CSV files into a directory is slightly different, as you’ll need to find a way to identify or create a character vector of names of all the files that you want to load into R. To do this, we’ll use list.files()
, which produces a character vector of the names of files or directories in the named directory:
## [1] "test-excel-setosa.csv" "test-excel-versicolor.csv"
## [3] "test-excel-virginica.csv" "test-excel.xlsx"
We only want CSV files in this instance, so we’ll want to do a bit of string manipulation (using str_detect()
from stringr - again, from tidyverse) to get only the names that end with the extension “.csv”. Let’s pipe this along:
## [1] "test-excel-setosa.csv" "test-excel-versicolor.csv"
## [3] "test-excel-virginica.csv"
The next part is similar to what we’ve done earlier, using map()
. Note that apart from replacing the value
argument with read_csv()
(or you can use fread()
to return a data.table object rather than a tibble), I also removed the file extension in the x
argument so that the variable names would not contain the actual characters “.csv”:
Method 2A: Read all sheets in Excel into a list
Reading sheets into a list is actually easier than to read it into the Global Environment, as map()
returns a list and you won’t have to use assign()
or specify a variable name. Recall that wb_source
holds the path of the Excel file, and wb_sheets
is a character vector of all the sheet names in the Excel file:
# Load everything into the Global Environment
wb_sheets %>%
purrr::map(function(sheet){ # iterate through each sheet name
readxl::read_xlsx(path = wb_source, sheet = sheet)
}) -> df_list_read # Assign to a list
You can then use map()
again to run operations across all members of the list, and even chain operations within it:
## [[1]]
## # A tibble: 6 x 2
## Petal.Length Species
## <dbl> <chr>
## 1 1.4 setosa
## 2 1.4 setosa
## 3 1.3 setosa
## 4 1.5 setosa
## 5 1.4 setosa
## 6 1.7 setosa
##
## [[2]]
## # A tibble: 6 x 2
## Petal.Length Species
## <dbl> <chr>
## 1 4.7 versicolor
## 2 4.5 versicolor
## 3 4.9 versicolor
## 4 4 versicolor
## 5 4.6 versicolor
## 6 4.5 versicolor
##
## [[3]]
## # A tibble: 6 x 2
## Petal.Length Species
## <dbl> <chr>
## 1 6 virginica
## 2 5.1 virginica
## 3 5.9 virginica
## 4 5.6 virginica
## 5 5.8 virginica
## 6 6.6 virginica
Method 2B: Read all CSV files in directory into a list
At this point you’ve probably gathered how you can adapt the code to read CSV files into a list, but let’s cover this for comprehensiveness. No assign()
needed, and only run read_csv()
within the map()
function, iterating through the file names:
# Load everything into the Global Environment
csv_file_names %>%
purrr::map(function(file_name){ # iterate through each file name
read_csv(paste0(file_path, file_name))
}) -> df_list_read2 # Assign to a list
Thank you for reading! 😄
Hopefully this is a helpful tutorial for an iterative approach to writing and reading Excel files. If you like what you read or if you have any suggestions / thoughts about the subject, do leave a comment in the Disqus fields in the blog and let me know!


Today's patch updates come with some really sweet benefits! Also, if you love TypeScript, I'm sure you'll be very happy with something new we are announcing today. To update your libraries, simply run jspm update
. Read on to learn the details of what these releases include.
Performance
We're constantly working on Aurelia's performance. A couple of weeks ago we showed improvements to our repaint performance that left every other framework in the dust. This week we're releasing some fixes that we've benchmarked as improvements against ourselves. Today's release involves a drastic reduction in memory consumption, especially for one-way and one-time bindings. It also comes with a 2-3x performance improvement on initial render time. Yes, view rendering just got 2-3x faster, thanks to Jeremy Danyow's continued performance innovations. Most of this work was done in the binding engine. If you are interested in the details of how that works, you can watch Jeremy take you on a guided tour of the codebase .
We also have a major performance improvement for Edge. What we discovered (and by we I mean Jeremy) is that the Edge native promise implementation is extremely slow. If you want to see a huge load-time performance boost, simply add the bluebird promise library before your system.js script tag. It's quite interesting what the affects of adding bluebird can be. To study this Jeremy ran 20 automated runs of a sample app in four browsers, and took the average load times both with and without bluebird:
Without bluebird
- Chrome: 340ms
- Firefox: 327ms
- Internet Explorer 11: 311ms
- Edge: 20000ms (seriously)
With bluebird
- Chrome: 252ms
- Firefox: 361ms
- Internet Explorer 11: 326ms
- Edge: 399ms
If you'd like to try your own setup out, you can go here . We're still working on a few additional issues with Edge that appear "in the wild". They aren't consistent and aren't reproduced by our normal tests. If you are interested in tracking that, you may want to follow this GitHub issue .
We're really happy about how Aurelia's performance is making such large improvements during the beta period. We've got more items we want to address here, so stay tuned for further improvements.
Note: For those of you who need to support IE9, after updating, you will need to include a
requestAnimationFrame
polyfill in your page. You can find one here .
Bug Fixes
This release contains numerous bug fixes, stability improvements and edge-case handling. As mentioned above, to get the fixes you can run jspm update
. You'll be able to continue to run jspm update
to get our latest fixes and improvements until we release Beta 2. You also should have no fear of breaking changes. If you encounter anything, then it's an accidental regression and something we would love for you to help us correct by creating an issue with the regression's details.
You can find the release notes related to today's patches at the end of this post.
Docs
We're constantly working on improving our docs. We've done some major upgrades to our docs format to make it easier for docs authors and translators to contribute. We'll have more information on that soon...but basically anyone who knows markdown can write docs by just learning about a few extra features we've added to facilitate multi-cultural and multi-language (programming) preferences as well as deep linking and inline, code demos.
With these improvements in place, we can start pushing out new articles more frequently. Today we're releasing a new article on bundling written by core team member Ahmed Shuhel. Next we'll be adding more detailed articles on binding, templating and docs translation.
TypeScript
For months we've seen a growing interest in writing Aurelia apps with TypeScript. We've heard many requests for a TypeScript Skeleton, similar to our existing Babel-based navigation skeleton. I'm happy to announce that today we have an official production-ready navigation skeleton for TypeScript developers! It's designed to parallel our Babel skeleton and will help you to get up and running fast. It features:
- Designed specially for VSCode and Atom (w/ atom-typescript)
- All app source, unit tests and end-to-end tests are written in TypeScript.
- A gulp-based task system supporting:
- Building
- Linting
- Unit Testing
- End-to-End Testing
- Bundling
- Fully configured d.ts files that provide intellisense in source, unit tests and e2e tests.
- Configuration of 3rd party libraries via the standard tsd tooling.
- Wallaby testing configured.
You may have noticed that we list VSCode, but not Visual Studio above. That's because the above project does not contain a Visual Studio project or solution file. However, it can be opened as a web site in Visual Studio and all the above features should function correctly. If you are interested in specific Visual Studio support, as always, we invite you to create issues and submit PRs to help us evolve this skeleton in any way that improves that scenario.
Much thanks to core team member Mike Graham as well as the many community members who put together TS sample projects which helped us in building this.
What
During the beta we're focusing on performance, bug fixes, improvements to our testing and infrastructure...and adding a few additional features we want for the final release. As we've talked about previously, we would like to do a second beta before our release. This is to address changes in various web specifications (decorators, shadow dom, etc.) as well as changes in the JSPM and the system.js loader. We are seeking to shield our community as much as possible from any breaking effects of these changes, but there will be some. Please refer to our beta announcement for more details. As I'm sure you've come to expect, we'll provide as many details as possible when the time is right. It's important to us that you always know as much as possible about what we are doing and where we are heading.
Release Notes
aurelia-pal 1.0.0-beta.1.0.1
Features
- PAL: requestAnimationFrame and performance APIs ( 09177bff )
aurelia-pal-browser 1.0.0-beta.1.0.1
Features
- PAL: requestAnimationFrame and performance APIs ( 8427b1f2 )
- performance: performance API polyfill ( 9b706b38 )
aurelia-binding 1.0.0-beta.1.0.3
- performance improvements
Bug Fixes
- array-observation: handle push then sort ( 2ae6d0e4 , closes #233 )
- binding: check before assign ( 44b5a669 , closes #258 )
- file-input: Firefox issue ( debed4e5 , closes #256 )
aurelia-templating 1.0.0-beta.1.0.2
Bug Fixes
aurelia-templating-binding 1.0.0-beta.1.0.2
- performance improvements
aurelia-templating-resources 1.0.0-beta.1.0.3
- performance
Bug Fixes
- plugins:
aurelia-templating-router 1.0.0-beta.1.0.3
Bug Fixes
- add-nextview-first: Add the next first on with ( d188112c )
- default-swap-order: Set default swap order to after resolves aurelia/framework#263 ( 984aeb12 )
- spelling: Miss-Spelled SwapStrategies ( 9b9fb9ea )
aurelia-fetch-client 1.0.0-beta.1.0.2
Bug Fixes
- http-client:
aurelia-animator-css 1.0.0-beta.1.0.2
Bug Fixes
- npm-convention: npm test works ( d44f2ca5 )
- race-condition:
- tests: Fixed ReferenceError in two tests ( f976e0b0 )
aurelia-skeleton-navigation 1.0.0-beta.1.0.3
Bug Fixes
aurelia-i18n 0.4.4
Bug Fixes
- all: add missing dependencies ( 73370c8f )
- lint: fixes linter issues and adds build ( 1f60c4f5 )
- tr: fixes object flattening ( 2fba7fbb )
Features
- signaling: provides TBindingBehavior ( d9877eea )


I've been selected as a finalist for the Glendale Community College Public Art Competiton! Details here
Saturday, May 20th at 7pm, at Pilates & Arts Echo Park
Please join me at the opening of FRACTURED LENSES, an exhibition featuring myself, Andrew Covell and Shiva Tarsa.
I was interviewed for a feature on Emergent Art Space! Check it out.
My painting Boxes is being featured in Issue 5 of Paint Pulse Magazine! For a preview, visit the currently featured section of the magazine.
Solo Exhibition at the Chashama art space in New York. Click here for more info
My memories are dominated by the spaces I experienced them in. How I felt and where I was are inextricably linked. Through my paintings, I extract elements from my past surroundings and reconfigure them in a way that feels more natural to me. I am attracted to both urban, industrial landscapes and domestic interiors. The visual content of the two can be so different yet the feelings I associate with them often overlap. When I’m painting I’m considering why a city sidewalk can feel connected to my childhood bedroom, or how the bricks of an empty warehouse resemble the chimney in my old home. My recent work is inspired by the aesthetic of collage. Geometric shapes and bold colors enhance this process while making my work aggressive and confrontational. The environments I create are scattered with entrances, twists and turns. There are places for the eye to travel and areas that stop short and force you out. They are meant to be explored as they welcome you, surround you, beyond your control, take you home.
copyright © 2018 Kim Marra


Want to get a yoyo, but not sure what which one to get? Here are a few that we recommend:
We order our yoyo's from YoyoExpert.com.
Coming Soon!


Unofficial, Unsupported Longhorn Tweaks Page
Here. Normally I wouldn't point this page out, because it's *unofficial* and *unsupported*, but some folks have used the guidance on this page to fix issues with the PDC Longhorn bits, especially as related to networking. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.


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If you consent to data collection, we will collect the query and pmids that you submit to this interface.
Your data is not collected by any other aspect of the searchrefiner website.
No personally identifiable data is collected or stored.
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001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.apache.commons.configuration2.reloading; 018 019import java.util.concurrent.Executors; 020import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; 021import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture; 022import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; 023import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; 024 025import org.apache.commons.lang3.concurrent.BasicThreadFactory; 026 027/** 028 *
 029 * A timer-based trigger for reloading checks. 030 *
 031 *
 032 * An instance of this class is constructed with a reference to a 033 * {@link ReloadingController} and a period. After calling the {@code start()} 034 * method a periodic task is started which calls 035 * {@link ReloadingController#checkForReloading(Object)} on the associated 036 * reloading controller. This way changes on a configuration source can be 037 * detected without client code having to poll actively. The 038 * {@code ReloadingController} will perform its checks and generates events if 039 * it detects the need for a reloading operation. 040 *
 041 *
 042 * Triggering of the controller can be disabled by calling the {@code stop()} 043 * method and later be resumed by calling {@code start()} again. When the 044 * trigger is no more needed its {@code shutdown()} method should be called. 045 *
 046 *
 047 * When creating an instance a {@code ScheduledExecutorService} can be provided 048 * which is then used by the object. Otherwise, a default executor service is 049 * created and used. When shutting down this object it can be specified whether 050 * the {@code ScheduledExecutorService} should be shut down, too. 051 *
 052 * 053 * @since 2.0 054 * @see ReloadingController 055 */ 056public class PeriodicReloadingTrigger 057{ 058 /** The executor service used by this trigger. */ 059 private final ScheduledExecutorService executorService; 060 061 /** The associated reloading controller. */ 062 private final ReloadingController controller; 063 064 /** The parameter to be passed to the controller. */ 065 private final Object controllerParam; 066 067 /** The period. */ 068 private final long period; 069 070 /** The time unit. */ 071 private final TimeUnit timeUnit; 072 073 /** Stores the future object for the current trigger task. */ 074 private ScheduledFuture<?> triggerTask; 075 076 /** 077 * Creates a new instance of {@code PeriodicReloadingTrigger} and sets all 078 * parameters. 079 * 080 * @param ctrl the {@code ReloadingController} (must not be null) 081 * @param ctrlParam the optional parameter to be passed to the controller 082 * when doing reloading checks 083 * @param triggerPeriod the period in which the controller is triggered 084 * @param unit the time unit for the period 085 * @param exec the executor service to use (can be null, then a 086 * default executor service is created 087 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a required argument is missing 088 */ 089 public PeriodicReloadingTrigger(final ReloadingController ctrl, final Object ctrlParam, 090 final long triggerPeriod, final TimeUnit unit, final ScheduledExecutorService exec) 091 { 092 if (ctrl == null) 093 { 094 throw new IllegalArgumentException( 095 "ReloadingController must not be null!"); 096 } 097 098 controller = ctrl; 099 controllerParam = ctrlParam; 100 period = triggerPeriod; 101 timeUnit = unit; 102 executorService = 103 exec != null ? exec : createDefaultExecutorService(); 104 } 105 106 /** 107 * Creates a new instance of {@code PeriodicReloadingTrigger} with a default 108 * executor service. 109 * 110 * @param ctrl the {@code ReloadingController} (must not be null) 111 * @param ctrlParam the optional parameter to be passed to the controller 112 * when doing reloading checks 113 * @param triggerPeriod the period in which the controller is triggered 114 * @param unit the time unit for the period 115 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a required argument is missing 116 */ 117 public PeriodicReloadingTrigger(final ReloadingController ctrl, final Object ctrlParam, 118 final long triggerPeriod, final TimeUnit unit) 119 { 120 this(ctrl, ctrlParam, triggerPeriod, unit, null); 121 } 122 123 /** 124 * Starts this trigger. The associated {@code ReloadingController} will be 125 * triggered according to the specified period. The first triggering happens 126 * after a period. If this trigger is already started, this invocation has 127 * no effect. 128 */ 129 public synchronized void start() 130 { 131 if (!isRunning()) 132 { 133 triggerTask = 134 getExecutorService().scheduleAtFixedRate( 135 createTriggerTaskCommand(), period, period, 136 timeUnit); 137 } 138 } 139 140 /** 141 * Stops this trigger. The associated {@code ReloadingController} is no more 142 * triggered. If this trigger is already stopped, this invocation has no 143 * effect. 144 */ 145 public synchronized void stop() 146 { 147 if (isRunning()) 148 { 149 triggerTask.cancel(false); 150 triggerTask = null; 151 } 152 } 153 154 /** 155 * Returns a flag whether this trigger is currently active. 156 * 157 * @return a flag whether this trigger is running 158 */ 159 public synchronized boolean isRunning() 160 { 161 return triggerTask != null; 162 } 163 164 /** 165 * Shuts down this trigger and optionally shuts down the 166 * {@code ScheduledExecutorService} used by this object. This method should 167 * be called if this trigger is no more needed. It ensures that the trigger 168 * is stopped. If the parameter is true, the executor service is also 169 * shut down. This should be done if this trigger is the only user of this 170 * executor service. 171 * 172 * @param shutdownExecutor a flag whether the associated 173 * {@code ScheduledExecutorService} is to be shut down 174 */ 175 public void shutdown(final boolean shutdownExecutor) 176 { 177 stop(); 178 if (shutdownExecutor) 179 { 180 getExecutorService().shutdown(); 181 } 182 } 183 184 /** 185 * Shuts down this trigger and its {@code ScheduledExecutorService}. This is 186 * a shortcut for {@code shutdown(true)}. 187 * 188 * @see #shutdown(boolean) 189 */ 190 public void shutdown() 191 { 192 shutdown(true); 193 } 194 195 /** 196 * Returns the {@code ScheduledExecutorService} used by this object. 197 * 198 * @return the associated {@code ScheduledExecutorService} 199 */ 200 ScheduledExecutorService getExecutorService() 201 { 202 return executorService; 203 } 204 205 /** 206 * Creates the task which triggers the reloading controller. 207 * 208 * @return the newly created trigger task 209 */ 210 private Runnable createTriggerTaskCommand() 211 { 212 return () -> controller.checkForReloading(controllerParam); 213 } 214 215 /** 216 * Creates a default executor service. This method is called if no executor 217 * has been passed to the constructor. 218 * 219 * @return the default executor service 220 */ 221 private static ScheduledExecutorService createDefaultExecutorService() 222 { 223 final ThreadFactory factory = 224 new BasicThreadFactory.Builder() 225 .namingPattern("ReloadingTrigger-%s").daemon(true) 226 .build(); 227 return Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1, factory); 228 } 229}


For the 10th anniversary of Demon’s Souls, here’s my heretical take on enjoying this game: forget the lore.
A quality of the Souls series that is often praised is its old-school sensibilities. Usually this is meant to refer to its difficulty; in contrast to the game design philosophy of its contemporaries, (remember the big arrow in BioShock that told you where to go at all times?) Demon’s Souls seemed indifferent about whether or not the player should be able to finish the game. Along with the static positioning of enemies, this drew comparisons (at least from me) to Castlevania and other brutally hard NES era titles. But, I think this characterization is missing something that was a big part of the way I received games of that era – something that informed the way I would play Demon’s Souls, which would lead to it becoming a personal favorite of mine.
On a recent episode1 of the gaming podcast Retronauts, guest Gary Butterfield offered his idea of a “40-70-90” rule for game worldbuilding: to explain only 40% of the story leads the player to make unsupported conjecture, to explain 90% (or even 100%) of the story is no fun, and 70% is a narrative Goldilocks Zone that leaves just enough mystery to be tantilizing. Generally, people seem to agree with this idea. There’s an abundance of wiki pages and YouTube explainers piecing together the games’ lore from item flavortext and NPC dialogue. The elusiveness of a more explicit story is one of the qualities of the series that makes it so enduringly popular.
Despite that, I disagree with Gary’s thesis. Not because I think there’s a right way to receive these games – there isn’t – but because I’m so naturally able to play them in the same way that I played games on the NES. I’m not sure if my specific appreciation for the games is unique, but I do think that it’s worth offering as an option.
The NES was my first gaming console, but I didn’t receive one until 1995 – a full decade after its release, a generation behind, and just a year shy of the N64’s debut. This meant that games were acquired secondhand, usually from yard sales, and always without an instruction manual. Coupled with me being 5 years old and having no knowledge of Nintendo Power (let alone access to back issues), most of the games I spent my childhood playing existed in a context vacuum. By necessity, I used a lot of imagination to add that missing context to my games, and eventually I had built up a small personal mythos for many of them: what the world was all about, who the characters and enemies were, and how they fit into what (I thought) was going on.
When you’re a kid, you have no realistic intuition for the hardware limitations games are up against, especially those of the 8-bit era. When Pokémon became a hit in the late 90s, my friends and I trawled through countless Maxpages sites for secrets and cheat codes, often swallowing the most outlandish claims as truth. It was always something like, talk to this NPC a hundred times, and he’ll eventually get bored and give you [some made up item]! There was no short supply of rumors and other kids at school claiming to have access to secret or forbidden knowledge. This isn’t uniquely a quality of older games, but it’s one that I associate with them because I was the right age for it when I was playing them.
When I got my hands on Demon’s Souls in 2009, I discovered that the game was extremely obtuse with its storytelling. Other than an initial cutscene to set the stage, you really only had the level design and the cryptic, unreliable musings from the NPCs you would sometimes meet. As I dug my teeth into the game, I also realized that there actually were very well-hidden secrets, some of which might be discovered accidentally, while others required reading a wiki or a walkthrough to properly activate. You could play through the game several times and never meet certain NPCs, discover certain areas of a level, or divine the purpose of a curious item. The crowning example of this is the Tendency system, wherein the game’s content may change in very specific ways without ever notifying the player. A locked door may suddenly unlock because of a change in character or world tendency, new enemies may appear in places where there were previously none, or a ladder might materialize and lead the player to a previously unknown room. To further complicate things, as well as add another layer of mystery, the game servers would slightly shift the values for this stat with each new day, making it extremely unpredictable and hard to manipulate. This was the kind of game those Geocities myth-makers described, in a way.
So, that’s what makes Demon’s Souls a spiritually old-school game, or at least for me it does. I wish these qualities had been embraced in the popular discussion about the game, but they’re admittedly more nebulous than the more obvious triumps of level design, mechanics, multiplayer, et cetera. But, if anyone has read this and not yet played one of these games, I implore you: forget the lore, and embrace the mystery.


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Documentation
ChocolateChip-UI version 3.5.3
ChUI Markup
ChocolateChipUI uses the following HTML5 tags for creating all of its layouts and widgets:
- article
- nav
- section
- div
- aside
- header
- footer
- p
- span
- a
- ul
- li
- h1 - h5
Except for the a tag and span tag, these are block elements. By adding classes to these tags, ChocolateChip-UI provides them with additional properties for layout and user interaction. As such, you can easily extend ChocolateChip-UI by creating your own classes for these tag to add new layouts, widgets or behaviors.
Right-to-Left Alphabets
If you need to support right-to-left alphabets, such as Arabic, Farsi, Urdu or Hebrew, all you have to do is add the attribute dir="rtl"
to the HTML tag of your app. ChocolateChip-UI will automatically adjust your layouts, navigation and user interactions for proper behavior for a right-to-left scenario. Please be aware that JavaScript does not allow mathematical operations on non-ascii numbers. So, if you need to do so, you'll need to handle it with normal numbers first, then convert them to the numerical system appropriate to the alphabet you are using. Or you can just leave the numbers in their default. If your numbers are being switch around in the wrong order, put them in their own span and define their dir as "ltr":

السائر: 1-8 حد

article
This is the basic building block of ChocolateChip-UI. It is used to create the software equivalent of a view. Think of it as everything on the screen between the nav bar and the bottom of the screen. If your app is very simple, you may only need one article tag. However, if you have various screens that you want to present to the user, you'll need to use a tab bar interface or a navigation list. These allow the user to switch from one article to another with animations appropriate to the device platform.
When using a navigation list, ChocolateChip-UI attaches three class to the articles to indicate their navigation state: previous, current, next. Similarly, the tab bar interface attaches the two classes, current and next. As a developer, you don't have to do anything to make this happen, the interface handles this for you automatically.

// article content here

// article content here

Every article should have a unique id so that it can be identified by the navigation system. These must be valid HTML ids. At load time, ChocolateChip-UI checks to see if you have manually set the navigation state of your articles. If not, it will set the first article as current and the others as next. This will mean that initially you app may momentarily load in a state of disarray before it is arranged properly. As such, we strongly recommend that you always put a state on each article so that it loads correctly.
nav (navbar)
The nav tag creates a navbar used to hold the article's title, as well as any interactive buttons which you may require for its article:

My App

Edit

At load time, ChocolateChip-UI creates a global nav that it prepends to your app as the first child of the body tag. This is the visible background of all you other navs. They get positioned over it. You can see it in the Web inspector. It's the only nav that has an id of 'globarNav' and has no content.
To associate a nav with an article, simply place it before its article. An app with multiple articles will have this kind of structure:

My App

My App

My App

section
The section tag is always the first child of an article. It provides the vertical scrolling when the content exceeds the viewable screen. The section tag is the container for all the content that you will present to the user.
current, previous, next
These are the classes that ChocolateChip-UI uses to manage the visible appearance of your layouts. They are used on articles, navs, and paging sections. (See the article examples above for usage.)
Container Layout
The following classes are used for designating layout containers. You can use these on a section or div tag.
horizontal
When put on a block element, this class will display its contents distributed horizontally.
vertical
When put on a block element, this class will display its contents stacked vertically.
centered
When used with the horizontal class, this class will center the contents horizontally in the container.
scroller-vertical
When put on a div or other block element, this class will make the container scroll vertically.
scroller-horizontal
When put on a div or other block element, this class will make the container scroll horizontally.
h1 (navbar title)
This is the title in the nav bar.
h2 (list title)
Use this as the title of a list. Place it directly befor the list that it represents.

Fruits

Apples

Orange

Bananas

h3 (list item title)
Use this as the title of a list item.

Letuce

Tomatoes

Onions

h4 (list item subtitle)
Use this as the subtitle of a list item.

Letuce

Type: leaf

Tomatoes

Type: fruit

Onions

Type: root

h5
You can use this for any other lower titling needs you might have.
normal-case
By default the h2 before a list is always in uppercase. Putting this class on it will force it to display normal case.

Fruits

Apples

Orange

Bananas

button
This class is placed on an anchor tag to mark it as a button. The button will be styled appropriately for the device's operating system.
Whatever
For navigation purposes you can use the following classes on your buttons. They will get the appropriate look for the device operating system:
- back (used to return to previous article)
- backTo (used for non-linear returns)
The back and backTo buttons look identical on all platforms. There purpose is different. The back button automatically returns the user to the previous article. The backTo button does not. It is used for returning the user to an arbitrary position in the navigation history that you decide. For example, if the user has navigated through several screens of a process and you want to give him the option of returning to the beginning, you would use the backTo button along with a bound event that would trigger the navigation to a specific article using the method $.UINavigateBackToArticle(). See the documentation for this method in ChUI.js and read the tutorial on navigation to see how to implement it. Also, the example navigation-backto.html shows all the possible navigation techniques in action.

Back

Candies

Back

Candies

When you put a button in the nav and want it to be flush against the right side of the screen, you can put the class 'align-flush' on it:

Back

Songs

Edit

p (list detail)
The paragraph tag is used in a list item as the item detail, as well as after a list as a footer. It can also be used as the message container in a popup or sheet. You can put more than one p tag in a list item or after a list for accomodate your needs.
list
The ul tag (unordered list) is the element used for displaying tabular data. To make it for layout always put the class 'list' on it. Otherwise it will appear as a normal unordered list with bullets.

Apples

Orange

Bananas

li
The list item is the cell for you data. You can put the following elements it them and they will stack vertically in order: img, h2, h3, p.

Me

Thing I like

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea.

If you want to make a simple navigation list, just put the nav class on the list items to indicate that. On iOS these display the disclosure indicator. On Android and Windows Phone 8 these are ignored.

People

Places

Things

You can also make a list item show a detail disclosre by putting the class 'show-detial' on it:

People

Places

Things

comp (composite layout)
If you have layout needs that are more complicated than the simple stacking order of the default list item, you can put the 'comp' class on the list item. Comp stands for complex or composite. This makes the list item spread its items across horizontally, allowing you to create columns inside the list item. To do this you can use several combinations of asides and divs. The aside is for secondary data and the div is for the main data:
aside - div
div - aside
aside - div - aside
Note that with the comp list item style, the last aside always displays its content horizontally. This is done using flexible box model styles. If you have layout needs not provided by this structure, create some classes and style with CSS to cover your needs. Here are some examples of comp list items:

People

Your Friends

In the above example, notice that the aside has a span with a class of 'nav'. On iOS this will be vertically centered to the height of the list item. On Android and Windows Phone 8 this will not be displayed.

Places

Interesting Destinations

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore.

The Hurry and the Harm

Hurt

show-detail
Sometimes you want to let the user know that there is some detail information that they can see by tapping a list item. For this you can put the 'show-detail' class on the list item, or you can put a span with the class as the last item in the list item:

Imagine Dragons

Radioactive

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea.

switched
In certain situations you might want to stress a list item's subtitle over its title. You can do this by putting the 'switched' class on the list item. This will visually switch the two around so that the subtitle comes first and is larger than the title, while displaying them on the same line:

People

Your Friends

nav (class)
This is a class, not the element. You put it on a list item when it will navigate to another article. This will display the iOS left chevron automatically. No navigation marker will be show on Android or Windows, as they do not use these affordances. If you are doing a comp layout, you can put the 'nav' class on a span and put that in the last aside. This will result in the chevron being center vertical to the height of the list item, which looks better for list items with a lot of content.
Here's the nav class directly on a list:

Deserts

Here's the nav class on a span in a comp layout:

Recipes

Deserts

counter/date-time
ChocoalteChip-UI provides two class to handle displaying special data types in your list items: counter and data-time. Counter is used to display a numerical value, such as the number of messages associated with that list item. Date-time is used to display a date or time value. This could be numerical or text. To implement either of these, put their class on a span in the last aside. You can have them both in the same aside if needed. See the examples below:
Counter with nav

Recipes

Deserts

43

Date-time:

To Do

Apointments

Monday

Shows

Comedy

SNL

8:00 PM

Combination date-time and counter:

Weather

Alerts

2

When placed on a container, the content will be clipped and display and ellipsis when it exceeds the width of the container. For ellipsis to work the container must have some kind of width declared. It will not work if the width is at auto.
busy
You never need to put a busy indicator tag in your document. ChocolateChip-UI have a special method to do that: $.UIBusy(). This method will output a div that with that class for iOS and Android that gets styles to look like the native activity indicator of each platform. On Windows Phone 8, ChocolateChip-UI outputs a native Windows 8 progress bar. You can provide a color for you indicators that will be applied appropriately for each operating system.See ChUI.js for more details.
segmented
You can create a segmented control by putting the class 'segmented' on a div. It should have at least two children, which must be links with the class 'button'. Please be aware that mobile devices in portrait orientation may not be able to display segmented controls with more than three buttons. If you need to show more than three or four items, consider using a Paging control. At load time, ChocolateChip-UI initializes any segmented control markup so that the buttons select and deselect properly. You can also attach a delegate event to the segmented control to handle user interaction.
You can also create a segmented control dynamically using the $.UICreateSegmented() method. See ChUI.js for more details.
Example:

Radioactive
Hurt
Permanent

paging
The class 'paging' is used to assemble a paging control. You put this on a segmented control in the article's nav. You must also indicate the orientation for the paging control. You have two choices: horizontal or vertical. Here is what it should look like:

Paging

For this to work, ChocolateChip-UI expects that the nav's article will have a series of sections that you want to page through. Depending on whether you put horizontal or vertical, the sections will slide in and out horizontally or vertically. There is no limit on how many sections the control can page. In the example below you can see the structure for the article.

First Article

Thing One

Second Article

Item One

Third Article

Item 1

<cellsubtitle>Item 1 Subtitle</cellsubtitle>

After getting your markup complete you need to initialize it with this method: $.UIPaging(). Since the paging control requires initialization to work, you could create all the parts dynamically, then execute $.UIPaging(). See ChUI.js for more details.
popup
The popup control is created dynamically by the $.UIPopup method. It creates a div with the class 'popup'. It has two states, indicated by the following clases: opened, closed.
The popup has a header tag with an h1 inside it for the title. There is a div with the class 'panel' that holds a p tag. This is where the popup's message is displayed. Lastly is a footer tag which holds at least one button for closing the popup. You could also initialize it with a second button to perform some action. This control gets created with the $.UIPopup method. See ChUI.js for more details.
popover
The popover is a type of menu control. You create it using the UIPopover method. It's really just an empty container for you to present the user with a series of actionable items.  On Android it resembles a typical drop down spinner. On Windows Phone 8 it resembles a typical popup menu. The popover has a nav with an h1 tag for its title, this is for the default behavior expected for an iOS popover. This header is not displayed on Android or Windows Phone 8. Lastly, it has a section tag. This will be a vertically scrollable area. You can append whatever you want in there. Use a delegated event to handle the user interactions. See ChUI.js for more details.
mask
A div with the class 'mask' will cover the screen and be semi-transparent and click-proof. You create it using the $.UIBlock() method. You can specify the opacity. This gets created automatically for you when you create a popup, popover or modal busy control. See ChUI.js for more details.
select list
When a list has the class 'select', you are able to click on its list items to select them. A select list is really just a fancy way of displaying a group of radio buttons. As a matter of fact, in the background ChocolateChip-UI adds a radio button to each list item of a select list. You need to initialize a select list with the method UISelectList(). PUtting the class 'select' on the list is optional. If you execute UISelectList on a list and it doesn't have the class, it will add it. This method creates selection indicators appropriate for each operating system. See ChUI.js for more details.
deletable list
Another type of list allows the user to delete list items. This could be any list. You use the method $.UIDeletable to set that up. It creates a deletion indicator for each list item, along with a delete button. These all get styled appropriate for the operating systems. When a list is initialized for allowing deletable items, it has the class 'deletable'. See ChUI.js for more details.
switch
The switch control is an inline element. You can create one manually using a span with the class 'switch', and including an input of type checkbox inside the span. See the markup below:

Sleep

<input type="checkbox" value="Sleep" name="sleepSwitch">

You can also create switches dynamically using the UISwitch method. See ChUI.js for more details.
stepper
A stepper is a control for offering the user a very small set of values to manipulate. It is not appropriate for long value lists. In that case you should use the HTML select element with options for values. This will display the appropriate popup for each operating system.
A stepper is just a span with the class 'stepper':

You need to initialize it with the UIStepper method, which allows you to define its start and end values. This will create an increase and decrease button with a label to display the current value between them. See ChUI.js for more details.
tabbar
A tab bar is a div with the class 'tabbar'. You create a tab bar using the UITabbar method. On iOS the tab bar is at the bottom of the screen. To adjust the articles to its presence, the method also adds a class 'hasTabBar' to the body tag. ChocolateChip-UI's CSS will then adjust everything for you. For Android and Windows Phone 8, the tab bar get placed at the top, and ChocolateChip-UI adjusts your layouts to manage that properly.
The tab bar holds up to five buttons. You designate these in the options pass to the UITabbar method. You can also indicate icons to use for each button. On iOS the tab bar usually display an icon with the button text. You can supply that when you execute the method. Any icons provided for iOS will be ignored on Android and Windows Phone 8, as these do not use icons in their respective tab bars. See ChUI.js for more details.
Icons in Tab Bar Buttons
On Android and Windows Phone 8, both Microsoft and Google have designed their tab bars to have no room for icons. The tabs are plain text only. On iOS tab bar buttons are expected to have icons. ChocolateChip-UI check to see if the device is running desktop Safari or iOS. If it is, in injects a span with the class icon
inside of each tab button. You can use this along with the buttons class to define a background image. You can use a png, or SVG, or event a symbol font. Go to tutorials and read the section on icons. Also, take a look at the iOS tab bar example in Safari to see how it works on iOS. Use the Safari Web inspector to examine the structure.
Toolbar
A toolbar can accompany an article tag. You designate a toolbar by using a div
with the class toolbar
. The toolbar should be the first tag after the article it belongs to. You can use a toolbar any any layout, except for tab bar apps, as the tab bar already occupies the place where the toolbar would be on all supported Operating Systems.
If the article and its nav have a class of current, the toolbar should have a class of current
, overwise it should have a class of next
like other articles and navs.
A toolbar is a convenient container for hold buttons and icons that the user can use to interact with content in an article.

 Food Ingredients

range
The range control is a normal HTML5 range input. Just put an input of type 'range'. Set its value, as well as its min and max values. If you want it to increase and decrease in set amounts, you can also provide a step attribute. See the examples below:
<input type="range" id="rangeControl1" value="10" min="0" max="40">
<input type="range" id="rangeControl2" step='5' value="20" min="0" max="40">
You can attach an event listener for 'change' to get the value when it changes. ChocolateChip-UI styles these so that they look appropriate for the device operating system.
sheet
ChocolateChip-UI provides a generic sheet control. This is an overlay that slides over the screen. This is a container for you to provide the user with actions or options to affect the content currently on the screen.
It consists of a div with the class 'sheet' and has two children: a div of class 'handle' and a section. The handle is interactive. If the user touches it, the sheet will close. The section tag creates a vertically scrollable container. You can put anything in it that you want: lists, buttons, etc.
You create a sheet using the $.UISheet() method. Then populate it by inserting markup in its section tag:
$.UISheet();
$('.sheet').find('section').append("

");
$('.sheet .list').append("
Save

Delete

Cancel
");
$('.sheet .list').append ('
The End
');
$('.sheet .list').on('singletap', '.button', function() {
$.UIHideSheet();
});
You would show the sheet using any user initiated event, probably with a button. See ChUI.js for more details on how to create sheets.
slide-out
A slide-out is a special type of app layout which offers the user a slide out menu as the means to toggling the content on the screen. You would use this type of app layout instead of a navigation list or tab bar. It is initialized at load time with the $.UISlideout method. Structurally, you build your app like you would for a multi-article app, using navs followed by articles. The $.UISlideout method will create a button with the class .side-out-button
which it inserts in the global nav, making it available at all times. When the user presses this slide out button, the slide out will, surprise!, slide out from the side.
A slide is a div with the class 'slide-out' and a section tag within. This section is the container for what the slide out will display. The slide out can hold anything you want, however, as a navigation control you would do best by doing the following. After creating the slide out, populate it with a list or lists. If you have more than one list, consider giving each list a corresponding h2 as its title. That way you can create a title list of available choices. On each list item you'll need to put the attribute: data-show-article
. This attribute is the id of the article that a list item will reveal when the user presses it.

Music

Imagine Dragons

Willy Moon

This Kiss

You initialize a slide-out with the $.UISlideout() method. This will create the basic slide out, its toggle button and the toggling of articles when the user presses a list item with an attribute of 'data-show-article' inside of it.
splitlayout
ChocolateChip-UI provides a split layout specifically for tablets. To create a split layout, you first put the class 'splitlayout' on the body tag. Then you put in a nav and an article with the class 'master', followed by another nav and an article with the class 'detail'.
The master article is for the user to select different items to see in detail, which will be displayed in the detail article. Examine the following example carefully:

Pick One

Detail 1

Open up the file splitlayout.html in the examples folder to see how to make it work.
Grids
ChocolateChip-UI version 3.5.1 has CSS Grids to enable you to create more complex layouts. These are specifically for use on tablets. Most apps targetting phones will be fine with the layouts provided by lists and comp lists.
ChocolateChip-UI uses the flexible box model to create grids. This means you should be aware of two things. 1. You're layouts will be proportinal to the available screen real estate. 2. Browsers may not align rows of grids to pixel perfection.
ChocolateChip-UI uses a series of classes to enable you do define your grids. The basic build block is .grid
. Putting this tag on a div will mark it as a container for a serious of columns arranged in a row side by side.

You create columns by putting the class "col" on a tag:

You define the width of columns using a flex class. The grid row is designed to hold up to ten columns, so the maximum sum of all your flex values must not be greater than ten. If there are more than can fit on the row, they will extend off to the right. You can change this behavior by added the class "wrap" to the grid.
The available flex classes are:
- flex-1
- flex-2
- flex-3
- flex-4
- flex-5
- flex-6
- flex-7
- flex-8
- flex-9
- flex10
Equal Heigth Columns
By default if one column has more content than others and is therefore taller, the other columns will stretch to match its height.
A grid with ten columns equal width:

A grid with 3 columns equal width:

Other possible columns width proportions:

6

4

7

3

8

2

To allow colums that exceed the grid width to wrap to the next row, just put the class "wrap" on the grid. Please note that the columns will exapnd to fill their available space base on their flex values.

1

1

1

4

5

3

1

1

Fixed Width Columns
You can also create a mix of flexible and fixed width columns. Just put a class on the columns you want to have a fixed with and define that width. They will retain that width, forcing the other columns to adjust their width to the available space.
Please take a look at grid.html in the examples to see the different ways that you can implement grids.


Products with default Template:
Products with custom Header Template
OFFER, Only Today:
{{ product.name }} {{ product.fillingQuantity }}
Products with custom Header and Actions Template
pallet sale!!!
{{ product.name }} {{ product.fillingQuantity }}
Products with custom Header, (empty)Actions, (empty)Content and Overlay Template
Hover Me
🥳


| 1062243-51-9 | 13559 | C27H35F2N7O3 | 543.6087 | 28485 | 82762 | 48511 | 7439 | PharmaGSID_48511 | 4-[(9-Cyclopentyl-7,7-difluoro-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)amino]-3-methoxy-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)benzamide | 1062243-51-9 | primary | single chemical compound | | tested chemical | C27H35F2N7O3 | 543.6087 | defined organic | parent | 4-[(9-cyclopentyl-7,7-difluoro-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)amino]-3-methoxy-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)benzamide | CN5CCC(NC(=O)c4ccc(Nc1nc2N(CC(F)(F)C(=O)N(C)c2cn1)C3CCCC3)c(OC)c4)CC5 | CN5CCC(NC(=O)c4ccc(Nc1nc2N(CC(F)(F)C(=O)N(C)c2cn1)C3CCCC3)c(OC)c4)CC5 | 20130910 |


10 tips to identifying a phishing email
In this modern-day, tech-savvy world, we would like to believe that we could never be fooled by a social engineering scam or phishing attempt. Phishing is the fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by disguising oneself as a trustworthy entity via electronic communication. The reality is that it is easy to catch someone in this way.
Here are 10 tips to look out for so that you do not become another phishing statistic:
- Do not trust the display name – a phishing tactic is to spoof (imitate) the display name of an email to give it an air of legitimacy. If you click on the name, you will notice that the address differs from the display.
- Look but do not click – hover your mouse over any links embedded in the body of the email. If something seems even remotely strange, do not click on it.
- Check for spelling mistakes – brands usually do not make careless mistakes. This is an easy tell. Cybercriminals also do this purposefully to target less observant users.
- Analyse the salutation- legitimate businesses usually use a personal salutation with your first and last name rather than a vague greeting.
- Beware of urgent, threatening language – this is a common strategy to create a sense of panic or to entice you to use poor judgement.
- Review the signature – if you cannot find the sender’s details or information on how to contact the company, this is probably a phish. Legitimate businesses always provide contact details.
- Do not click on attachments or links – including malicious attachments that contain viruses and malware is a common phishing tactic used to damage files on your computer, steal passwords or to spy on you without your knowledge. Do not open any email attachments that you were not expecting.
- Do not ever give out your personal information – legitimate companies will never ask for personal credentials via email.
- Consider whether you have a relationship with the company that has sent the email – if you receive a message from a company that you do not deal with, assume that this is a phishing scam and ignore it!
- Do not believe everything you see – phishers are good at what they do. An email may look convincing and even display the company logo, but this does not mean it is legitimate. Be sceptical! If a message makes you feel even slightly unsettled, do not open it.
By Farhad Rahaman
Edited by Jenna Delport
Follow Jenna Delport on Twitter
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Help: Browse Favorited Comments
Sorting
To sort the list of comments select the "Sort by:" drop-down menu.
Here is a list of sorting functions to choose from and an explaination for what each of them does:
Default
The default sorting method for the comments.
It displays the newest comments that are close to your location at the top of the list, while older comments that are farther away are displayed near the bottom.
Date
Displays the comments in the order that they were created, with newest comments at the top of the list and oldest at the bottom.
Picture
Displays comments that have pictures attached at the top of the list and comments that don't have pictures attached at the bottom.
My Location
Displays comments that are close to your current location determined by GPS at the top of the list and comments posted farthest from you at the bottom of the list.
If you do not have GPS turned on it will be sorted by a default location of (0,0) or your last known location.
Other Location
Displays comments that are close to a custom location of your choosing at the top of the list and comments posted farthest from the custom location at the bottom of the list.
Faves
Displays comments with the most favorites at the top of the list and comments with the least favorites at the bottom.
Browsing your Favorites
Favorited comments are comments you have added to your favorites.
You can see all the comments you have favorited from this screen.
If you want to view replies to a specific comment in the list, select it.


o9 Involve2023
Department of Mathematics
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Auxiliary Constructions:
Theorems/Definitions to use.
Technical Work: Deductions and Computations.
Judgement of correctness.
Byron Cook (AWS):
The storage team, for example, is able to be much more agile and be much more aggressive in the programs that they write because of the formal methods. They're able to write code that otherwise they might not want to deploy because they wouldn't be as confident about it, and they're deploying four times as fast.
— with this theorem, the hope that the condensed formalism can be fruitfully applied to real functional analysis stands or falls. I think the theorem is of utmost foundational importance, so being 99.9% sure is not enough.


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Cardsorting, Stakeholder Mapping, Task Analysis, Wireframing, Prototyping, and Remote Usability Testing
I worked with Comcast xFinity xFi team as their sole UX Design Intern from June 2019 – August 2019.
During my time there, I worked on the award winning xFi app, conducting user research to determine mental models and categorizations in order to redesign the information hierarchy on a core component of the app.
I had to design for many unknowns and technical edge cases, which became the hardest part about the experience. To overcome this, I used the insights I gained from user research to guide my iterations.
I have signed a NDA, but feel free to reach out to me
here to learn more about my work with xFi.
You can view more about the company on their website.


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Be At One££
Be at One is a lively bar known for selling exellent cocktails and offer mixing masterclasses. There are two of these bars in Leeds. Located Millennium Square, 6, Great George St, Leeds LS2 3AD and 19 Boar Ln, Leeds LS1 6EA. This bar has a great, inviting, casual atmosphere. Make sure you head down for their happy hour to get two for one on cocktails however if you don't fancy a cocktail, they also do beers, wines and spirits and delicious mocktails.
The Alchemist£££
The Alchemist is a very pricy cocktail bar but also very popular as it is a unique experience. The Alchemist describes itself as "masters in the dark arts of molecular mixology and demons in the kitchen... mixologists create every cocktail with an obsessive eye for detail, presented in vessels orchestrated to add a devilish dash of theatre, they bedazzle, bewitch and set the scene for everything we do". Located Yorkshire House, Greek St, Leeds LS1 5SH.
Las Iguanas££
This place is a personal favouite venue to go to, not for the food, despite it being a chain resturant, but for the cocktail bar, always with two for one on their delicious cocktails. The location is also great before a night out on Call Lane which is just round the corner. Location Unit 3 Cloth Hall St, Leeds LS1 2HD.
The Hedley Verity£
The Headley Verity is a classic Spoons pub. Cheap food and drinks, therefore a fantastic night out in Leeds. There are multiple Wetherspoons in the center of Leeds. There is one in the train station (North Concourse, Leeds City Station, Leeds LS1 4DY), Becketts Bank (28-30 Park Row, Leeds LS1 5HU), The Cuthbert Brodrick (99 Portland Cres, Leeds LS1 3HJ) and The Headley Verity (43a, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS1 3HQ) however the way in which Headley Verity differs from the others is because after a certain time, aprox 9:30pm, the classic pub dims the lights and becomes a night club with loud music and a dancefloor.


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ActiveTcl User Guide
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- NAME
- after - Execute a command after a time delay
- SYNOPSIS
- after ms
- after ms ?script script script ...?
- after cancel id
- after cancel script script script ...
- after idle ?script script script ...?
- after info ?id?
- DESCRIPTION
- after
ms
- after ms
?script script script ...?
- after cancel
id
- after cancel script
script ...
- after idle
script ?script script ...?
- after info
?id?
- SEE ALSO
- KEYWORDS
after - Execute a command after a time delay
after ms
after ms ?script script script ...?
after cancel id
after cancel script script script ...
after idle ?script script script ...?
after info ?id?
This command is used to delay execution of the program or to
execute a command in background sometime in the future. It has
several forms, depending on the first argument to the command:
- after ms
- Ms must be an integer giving a time in milliseconds. The
command sleeps for ms milliseconds and then returns. While
the command is sleeping the application does not respond to
events.
- after ms ?script script script
...?
- In this form the command returns immediately, but it arranges
for a Tcl command to be executed ms milliseconds later as an
event handler. The command will be executed exactly once, at the
given time. The delayed command is formed by concatenating all the
script arguments in the same fashion as the concat command. The command will be
executed at global level (outside the context of any Tcl
procedure). If an error occurs while executing the delayed command
then the bgerror
mechanism is used to report the error. The after command
returns an identifier that can be used to cancel the delayed
command using after cancel.
- after cancel id
- Cancels the execution of a delayed command that was previously
scheduled. Id indicates which command should be canceled; it
must have been the return value from a previous after
command. If the command given by id has already been
executed then the after cancel command has no effect.
- after cancel script script
...
- This command also cancels the execution of a delayed command.
The script arguments are concatenated together with space
separators (just as in the concat command). If there is a
pending command that matches the string, it is cancelled and will
never be executed; if no such command is currently pending then the
after cancel command has no effect.
- after idle script ?script script
...?
- Concatenates the script arguments together with space
separators (just as in the concat command), and arranges for
the resulting script to be evaluated later as an idle callback. The
script will be run exactly once, the next time the event loop is
entered and there are no events to process. The command returns an
identifier that can be used to cancel the delayed command using
after cancel. If an error occurs while executing the script
then the bgerror
mechanism is used to report the error.
- after info ?id?
- This command returns information about existing event handlers.
If no id argument is supplied, the command returns a list of
the identifiers for all existing event handlers created by the
after command for this interpreter. If id is
supplied, it specifies an existing handler; id must have
been the return value from some previous call to after and
it must not have triggered yet or been cancelled. In this case the
command returns a list with two elements. The first element of the
list is the script associated with id, and the second
element is either idle or timer to indicate what kind
of event handler it is.
The after ms and after idle forms of the
command assume that the application is event driven: the delayed
commands will not be executed unless the application enters the
event loop. In applications that are not normally event-driven,
such as tclsh, the event
loop can be entered with the vwait and update commands.
bgerror, concat, update, vwait
cancel, delay, idle callback, sleep, time
Copyright © 1990-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
Copyright © 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


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