Reading suggestion: Taylor chapter 8 and sections 14.1-14.2 and Lecture notes
Reading suggestion: Taylor and sections 14.3-14.6
Reading suggestion: Taylor and sections 14.3-14.6
The code example here is meant to illustrate how we can make a plot of the final orbit. We solve the equations in polar coordinates (the example here uses the minimum of the potential as initial value) and then we transform back to cartesian coordinates and plot \( x \) versus \( y \). We see that we get a perfect circle when we place ourselves at the minimum of the potential energy, as expected.
The code here plots the effective potential
The following code plots this effective potential for a simple choice of parameters, with a standard gravitational potential \( -\alpha/r \). Here we have chosen \( L=m=\alpha=1 \).
# Common imports
import numpy as np
from math import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Deltax = 0.01
#set up arrays
xinitial = 0.3
xfinal = 5.0
alpha = 1.0 # spring constant
m = 1.0 # mass, you can change these
AngMom = 1.0 # The angular momentum
n = ceil((xfinal-xinitial)/Deltax)
x = np.zeros(n)
for i in range(n):
x[i] = xinitial+i*Deltax
V = np.zeros(n)
V = -alpha/x+0.5*AngMom*AngMom/(m*x*x)
# Plot potential
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlabel('r[m]')
ax.set_ylabel('V[J]')
ax.plot(x, V)
fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()
This code and the subsequent one are relevant for homework 9 (the numerical exercise).
# Simple Gravitational Force -alpha/r
# Common imports
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from math import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
# Where to save the figures and data files
PROJECT_ROOT_DIR = "Results"
FIGURE_ID = "Results/FigureFiles"
DATA_ID = "DataFiles/"
if not os.path.exists(PROJECT_ROOT_DIR):
os.mkdir(PROJECT_ROOT_DIR)
if not os.path.exists(FIGURE_ID):
os.makedirs(FIGURE_ID)
if not os.path.exists(DATA_ID):
os.makedirs(DATA_ID)
def image_path(fig_id):
return os.path.join(FIGURE_ID, fig_id)
def data_path(dat_id):
return os.path.join(DATA_ID, dat_id)
def save_fig(fig_id):
plt.savefig(image_path(fig_id) + ".png", format='png')
DeltaT = 0.01
#set up arrays
tfinal = 8.0
n = ceil(tfinal/DeltaT)
# set up arrays for t, v and r
t = np.zeros(n)
v = np.zeros(n)
r = np.zeros(n)
phi = np.zeros(n)
x = np.zeros(n)
y = np.zeros(n)
# Constants of the model, setting all variables to one for simplicity
alpha = 1.0
AngMom = 1.0 # The angular momentum
m = 1.0 # scale mass to one
c1 = AngMom*AngMom/(m*m)
c2 = AngMom*AngMom/m
rmin = (AngMom*AngMom/m/alpha)
# Initial conditions, place yourself at the potential min
r0 = rmin
v0 = 0.0 # starts at rest
r[0] = r0
v[0] = v0
phi[0] = 0.0
# Start integrating using the Velocity-Verlet method
for i in range(n-1):
# Set up acceleration
a = -alpha/(r[i]**2)+c1/(r[i]**3)
# update velocity, time and position using the Velocity-Verlet method
r[i+1] = r[i] + DeltaT*v[i]+0.5*(DeltaT**2)*a
anew = -alpha/(r[i+1]**2)+c1/(r[i+1]**3)
v[i+1] = v[i] + 0.5*DeltaT*(a+anew)
t[i+1] = t[i] + DeltaT
phi[i+1] = t[i+1]*c2/(r0**2)
# Find cartesian coordinates for easy plot
x = r*np.cos(phi)
y = r*np.sin(phi)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(3,1)
ax[0].set_xlabel('time')
ax[0].set_ylabel('radius')
ax[0].plot(t,r)
ax[1].set_xlabel('time')
ax[1].set_ylabel('Angle $\cos{\phi}$')
ax[1].plot(t,np.cos(phi))
ax[2].set_ylabel('y')
ax[2].set_xlabel('x')
ax[2].plot(x,y)
save_fig("Phasespace")
plt.show()
Try to change the initial value for \( r \) and see what kind of orbits you get. In order to test different energies, it can be useful to look at the plot of the effective potential discussed above.
However, for orbits different from a circle the above code would need modifications in order to allow us to display say an ellipse. For the latter, it is much easier to run our code in cartesian coordinates, as done here. In this code we test also energy conservation and see that it is conserved to numerical precision. The code here is a simple extension of the code we developed for homework 4.
# Common imports
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from math import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
DeltaT = 0.01
#set up arrays
tfinal = 10.0
n = ceil(tfinal/DeltaT)
# set up arrays
t = np.zeros(n)
v = np.zeros((n,2))
r = np.zeros((n,2))
E = np.zeros(n)
# Constants of the model
m = 1.0 # mass, you can change these
alpha = 1.0
# Initial conditions as compact 2-dimensional arrays
x0 = 0.5; y0= 0.
r0 = np.array([x0,y0])
v0 = np.array([0.0,1.0])
r[0] = r0
v[0] = v0
rabs = sqrt(sum(r[0]*r[0]))
E[0] = 0.5*m*(v[0,0]**2+v[0,1]**2)-alpha/rabs
# Start integrating using the Velocity-Verlet method
for i in range(n-1):
# Set up the acceleration
rabs = sqrt(sum(r[i]*r[i]))
a = -alpha*r[i]/(rabs**3)
# update velocity, time and position using the Velocity-Verlet method
r[i+1] = r[i] + DeltaT*v[i]+0.5*(DeltaT**2)*a
rabs = sqrt(sum(r[i+1]*r[i+1]))
anew = -alpha*r[i+1]/(rabs**3)
v[i+1] = v[i] + 0.5*DeltaT*(a+anew)
E[i+1] = 0.5*m*(v[i+1,0]**2+v[i+1,1]**2)-alpha/rabs
t[i+1] = t[i] + DeltaT
# Plot position as function of time
fig, ax = plt.subplots(3,1)
ax[0].set_ylabel('y')
ax[0].set_xlabel('x')
ax[0].plot(r[:,0],r[:,1])
ax[1].set_xlabel('time')
ax[1].set_ylabel('y position')
ax[1].plot(t,r[:,0])
ax[2].set_xlabel('time')
ax[2].set_ylabel('y position')
ax[2].plot(t,r[:,1])
fig.tight_layout()
save_fig("2DimGravity")
plt.show()
print(E)
Let us now try another potential, given by
$$
V(r) = \beta r,
$$
where \( \beta \) is constant we assume is larger than zero. This type of potential has played an importan role in modeling confinement of quarks in non-relativistic models for the interactions among quarks, see for example https://journals.aps.org/prl/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.44.1369
Adding the angular momentum part, we obtain the effective potential
$$
V_{\mathrm{eff}}(r) = \beta r+\frac{L^2}{2\mu r^2},
$$
and taking the derivative with respect to \( r \), we get the radial force
$$
F_r=-\frac{dV_{\mathrm{eff}}(r)}{dr} = -\beta+\frac{L^2}{\mu r^3}.
$$
It gives us in turn a radial acceleration \( a_r \)
$$
a_r= -\frac{\beta}{\mu}+\frac{L^2}{\mu^2 r^3}.
$$
This is the equation we need to include in our code. I have not been able to find out if there is an analytical solution to the above equation. If you can find one, there is a reward of \( 50 \) USD to the first one who finds. Numerically life is very easy, we just define a new acceleration, as seen below.
First however, we plot the effective potential in order to get a feeling of what we may expect.
The following code plots this effective potential for a simple choice of parameters, with a potential \( \beta r \). Here we have chosen \( L=m=\beta=1 \).
# Common imports
import numpy as np
from math import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Deltax = 0.01
#set up arrays
xinitial = 0.3
xfinal = 5.0
beta = 1.0 # spring constant
m = 1.0 # mass, you can change these
AngMom = 1.0 # The angular momentum
n = ceil((xfinal-xinitial)/Deltax)
x = np.zeros(n)
for i in range(n):
x[i] = xinitial+i*Deltax
V = np.zeros(n)
V = beta*x+0.5*AngMom*AngMom/(m*x*x)
# Plot potential
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlabel('r[m]')
ax.set_ylabel('V[J]')
ax.plot(x, V)
fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()
We take now the derivative of the effective potential in order to find its minimum, that is
$$
\frac{dV_{\mathrm{eff}}(r)}{dr} = \beta-\frac{L^2}{\mu r^3}=0,
$$
which gives us \( r_{\mathrm{min}} \)
$$
r_{\mathrm{min}}=\left [\frac{L^2}{\beta \mu}\right ]^{1/3}.
$$
With the above choice of parameters this gives \( r_{\mathrm{min}}=1 \).
In the code here we solve the equations of motion and find the time-evolution of the radius \( r \).
DeltaT = 0.01
#set up arrays
tfinal = 8.0
n = ceil(tfinal/DeltaT)
# set up arrays for t, v and r
t = np.zeros(n)
v = np.zeros(n)
r = np.zeros(n)
# Constants of the model, setting all variables to one for simplicity
beta = 1.0
AngMom = 1.0 # The angular momentum
m = 1.0 # scale mass to one
c1 = AngMom*AngMom/(m*m)
c2 = AngMom*AngMom/m
rmin = (AngMom*AngMom/m/beta)**(1./3.)
# Initial conditions, place yourself at the potential min
r0 = rmin
v0 = 0.0 # starts at rest
r[0] = r0
v[0] = v0
# Start integrating using the Velocity-Verlet method
for i in range(n-1):
# Set up acceleration
a = -beta+c1/(r[i]**3)
# update velocity, time and position using the Velocity-Verlet method
r[i+1] = r[i] + DeltaT*v[i]+0.5*(DeltaT**2)*a
anew = -beta+c1/(r[i+1]**3)
v[i+1] = v[i] + 0.5*DeltaT*(a+anew)
t[i+1] = t[i] + DeltaT
#plotting
plt.xlabel('time')
plt.ylabel('radius')
plt.plot(t,r)
save_fig("LinearPotential")
plt.show()
We see that if we run with the initial condition corresponding to a circular orbit, our radius stays constant as function of time.
Scattering experiments don't measure entire trajectories. For elastic collisions, they measure the distribution of final scattering angles at best. Most experiments use targets thin enough so that the number of scatterings is typically zero or one. The cross section, \( \sigma \), describes the cross-sectional area for particles to scatter with an individual target atom or nucleus. Cross section measurements form the basis for MANY fields of physics. BThe cross section, and the differential cross section, encapsulates everything measurable for a collision where all that is measured is the final state, e.g. the outgoing particle had momentum \( \boldsymbol{p}_f \). y studying cross sections, one can infer information about the potential interaction between the two particles. Inferring, or constraining, the potential from the cross section is a classic {\it inverse} problem. Collisions are either elastic or inelastic. Elastic collisions are those for which the two bodies are in the same internal state before and after the collision. If the collision excites one of the participants into a higher state, or transforms the particles into different species, or creates additional particles, the collision is inelastic. Here, we consider only elastic collisions.
For Coulomb forces, the cross section is infinite because the range of the Coulomb force is infinite, but for interactions such as the strong interaction in nuclear or particle physics, there is no long-range force and cross-sections are finite. Even for Coulomb forces, the part of the cross section that corresponds to a specific scattering angle, \( d\sigma/d\Omega \), which is a function of the scattering angle \( \theta_s \) is still finite.
If a particle travels through a thin target, the chance the particle scatters is \( P_{\rm scatt}=\sigma dN/dA \), where \( dN/dA \) is the number of scattering centers per area the particle encounters. If the density of the target is \( \rho \) particles per volume, and if the thickness of the target is \( t \), the areal density (number of target scatterers per area) is \( dN/dA=\rho t \). Because one wishes to quantify the collisions independently of the target, experimentalists measure scattering probabilities, then divide by the areal density to obtain cross-sections,
$$
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma=\frac{P_{\rm scatt}}{dN/dA}.
\end{eqnarray}
$$
Instead of merely stating that a particle collided, one can measure the probability the particle scattered by a given angle. The scattering angle \( \theta_s \) is defined so that at zero the particle is unscattered and at \( \theta_s=\pi \) the particle is scattered directly backward. Scattering angles are often described in the center-of-mass frame, but that is a detail we will neglect for this first discussion, where we will consider the scattering of particles moving classically under the influence of fixed potentials \( U(\boldsymbol{r}) \). Because the distribution of scattering angles can be measured, one expresses the differential cross section,
$$
\begin{equation}
\frac{d^2\sigma}{d\cos\theta_s~d\phi}.
\tag{1}
\end{equation}
$$
Usually, the literature expresses differential cross sections as
$$
\begin{equation}
d\sigma/d\Omega=\frac{d\sigma}{d\cos\theta d\phi}=\frac{1}{2\pi}\frac{d\sigma}{d\cos\theta},
\tag{2}
\end{equation}
$$
where the last equivalency is true when the scattering does not depend on the azimuthal angle \( \phi \), as is the case for spherically symmetric potentials.
The differential solid angle \( d\Omega \) can be thought of as the area subtended by a measurement, \( dA_d \), divided by \( r^2 \), where \( r \) is the distance to the detector,
$$
\begin{eqnarray}
dA_d=r^2 d\Omega.
\end{eqnarray}
$$
With this definition \( d\sigma/d\Omega \) is independent of the distance from which one places the detector, or the size of the detector (as long as it is small).
Differential scattering cross sections are calculated by assuming a random distribution of impact parameters \( b \). These represent the distance in the \( xy \) plane for particles moving in the \( z \) direction relative to the scattering center. An impact parameter \( b=0 \) refers to being aimed directly at the target's center. The impact parameter describes the transverse distance from the \( z=0 \) axis for the trajectory when it is still far away from the scattering center and has not yet passed it. The differential cross section can be expressed in terms of the impact parameter,
$$
\begin{equation}
d\sigma=2\pi bdb,
\tag{3}
\end{equation}
$$
which is the area of a thin ring of radius \( b \) and thickness \( db \). In classical physics, one can calculate the trajectory given the incoming kinetic energy \( E \) and the impact parameter if one knows the mass and potential.
From the trajectory, one then finds the scattering angle \( \theta_s(b) \). The differential cross section is then
$$
\begin{equation}
\frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega}=\frac{1}{2\pi}\frac{d\sigma}{d\cos\theta_s}=b\frac{db}{d\cos\theta_s}=\frac{b}{(d/db)\cos\theta_s(b)}.
\tag{4}
\end{equation}
$$
Typically, one would calculate \( \cos\theta_s \) and \( (d/db)\cos\theta_s \) as functions of \( b \). This is sufficient to plot the differential cross section as a function of \( \theta_s \).
The total cross section is
$$
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{\rm tot}=\int d\Omega\frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega}=2\pi\int d\cos\theta_s~\frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega}.
\tag{5}
\end{equation}
$$
Even if the total cross section is infinite, e.g. Coulomb forces, one can still have a finite differential cross section as we will see later on.
This refers to the calculation of \( d\sigma/d\Omega \) due to an inverse square force, \( F_{12}=\pm\alpha/r^2 \) for repulsive/attractive interaction. Rutherford compared the scattering of \( \alpha \) particles ($^4$He nuclei) off of a nucleus and found the scattering angle at which the formula began to fail. This corresponded to the impact parameter for which the trajectories would strike the nucleus. This provided the first measure of the size of the atomic nucleus. At the time, the distribution of the positive charge (the protons) was considered to be just as spread out amongst the atomic volume as the electrons. After Rutherford's experiment, it was clear that the radius of the nucleus tended to be roughly 4 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the atom, which is less than the size of a football relative to Spartan Stadium.
In order to calculate differential cross section, we must find how the impact parameter is related to the scattering angle. This requires analysis of the trajectory. We consider our previous expression for the trajectory where we derived the elliptic form for the trajectory, For that case we considered an attractive force with the particle's energy being negative, i.e. it was bound. However, the same form will work for positive energy, and repulsive forces can be considered by simple flipping the sign of \( \alpha \). For positive energies, the trajectories will be hyperbolas, rather than ellipses, with the asymptotes of the trajectories representing the directions of the incoming and outgoing tracks.
We have
$$
\begin{equation}label{eq:ruthtraj}
r=\frac{1}{\frac{m\alpha}{L^2}+A\cos\theta}.
\end{equation}
$$
Once \( A \) is large enough, which will happen when the energy is positive, the denominator will become negative for a range of \( \theta \). This is because the scattered particle will never reach certain angles. The asymptotic angles \( \theta' \) are those for which the denominator goes to zero,
$$
\begin{equation}
\cos\theta'=-\frac{m\alpha}{AL^2}.
\tag{6}
\end{equation}
$$
The trajectory's point of closest approach is at \( \theta=0 \) and the two angles \( \theta' \), which have this value of \( \cos\theta' \), are the angles of the incoming and outgoing particles. From Fig (to come), one can see that the scattering angle \( \theta_s \) is given by,
$$
\begin{eqnarray}
\tag{7}
2\theta'-\pi&=&\theta_s,~~~\theta'=\frac{\pi}{2}+\frac{\theta_s}{2},\\
\nonumber
\sin(\theta_s/2)&=&-\cos\theta'\\
\nonumber
&=&\frac{m\alpha}{AL^2}.
\end{eqnarray}
$$
Now that we have \( \theta_s \) in terms of \( m,\alpha,L \) and \( A \), we wish to re-express \( L \) and \( A \) in terms of the impact parameter \( b \) and the energy \( E \). This will set us up to calculate the differential cross section, which requires knowing \( db/d\theta_s \). It is easy to write the angular momentum as
$$
\begin{equation}
L^2=p_0^2b^2=2mEb^2.
\tag{8}
\end{equation}
$$
Finding \( A \) is more complicated. To accomplish this we realize that the point of closest approach occurs at \( \theta=0 \), so from Eq. \eqref{eq:ruthtraj}
$$
\begin{eqnarray}
\tag{9}
\frac{1}{r_{\rm min}}&=&\frac{m\alpha}{L^2}+A,\\
\nonumber
A&=&\frac{1}{r_{\rm min}}-\frac{m\alpha}{L^2}.
\end{eqnarray}
$$
Next, \( r_{\rm min} \) can be found in terms of the energy because at the point of closest approach the kinetic energy is due purely to the motion perpendicular to \( \hat{r} \) and
$$
\begin{equation}
E=-\frac{\alpha}{r_{\rm min}}+\frac{L^2}{2mr_{\rm min}^2}.
\tag{10}
\end{equation}
$$
One can solve the quadratic equation for \( 1/r_{\rm min} \),
$$
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{r_{\rm min}}=\frac{m\alpha}{L^2}+\sqrt{(m\alpha/L^2)^2+2mE/L^2}.
\tag{11}
\end{equation}
$$
We can plug the expression for \( r_{\rm min} \) into the expression for \( A \), Eq. (9),
$$
\begin{equation}
A=\sqrt{(m\alpha/L^2)^2+2mE/L^2}=\sqrt{(\alpha^2/(4E^2b^4)+1/b^2}
\tag{12}
\end{equation}
$$
Finally, we insert the expression for \( A \) into that for the scattering angle, Eq. (7),
$$
\begin{eqnarray}
\tag{13}
\sin(\theta_s/2)&=&\frac{m\alpha}{AL^2}\\
\nonumber
&=&\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}, ~~a\equiv \frac{\alpha}{2E}
\end{eqnarray}
$$
The differential cross section can now be found by differentiating the expression for \( \theta_s \) with \( b \),
$$
\begin{eqnarray}
\tag{14}
\frac{1}{2}\cos(\theta_s/2)d\theta_s&=&\frac{ab~db}{(a^2+b^2)^{3/2}}=\frac{bdb}{a^2}\sin^3(\theta_s/2),\\
\nonumber
d\sigma&=&2\pi bdb=\frac{\pi a^2}{\sin^3(\theta_s/2)}\cos(\theta_s/2)d\theta_s\\
\nonumber
&=&\frac{\pi a^2}{2\sin^4(\theta_s/2)}\sin\theta_s d\theta_s\\
\nonumber
\frac{d\sigma}{d\cos\theta_s}&=&\frac{\pi a^2}{2\sin^4(\theta_s/2)},\\
\nonumber
\frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega}&=&\frac{a^2}{4\sin^4(\theta_s/2)}.
\end{eqnarray}
$$
where \( a= \alpha/2E \). This the Rutherford formula for the differential cross section. It diverges as \( \theta_s\rightarrow 0 \) because scatterings with arbitrarily large impact parameters still scatter to arbitrarily small scattering angles. The expression for \( d\sigma/d\Omega \) is the same whether the interaction is positive or negative.
Consider a particle of mass \( m \) and charge \( z \) with kinetic energy \( E \) (Let it be the center-of-mass energy) incident on a heavy nucleus of mass \( M \) and charge \( Z \) and radius \( R \). We want to find the angle at which the Rutherford scattering formula breaks down.
Let \( \alpha=Zze^2/(4\pi\epsilon_0) \). The scattering angle in Eq. (13) is
$$
\sin(\theta_s/2)=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}, ~~a\equiv \frac{\alpha}{2E}.
$$
The impact parameter \( b \) for which the point of closest approach equals \( R \) can be found by using angular momentum conservation,
$$
\begin{eqnarray*}
p_0b&=&b\sqrt{2mE}=Rp_f=R\sqrt{2m(E-\alpha/R)},\\
b&=&R\frac{\sqrt{2m(E-\alpha/R)}}{\sqrt{2mE}}\\
&=&R\sqrt{1-\frac{\alpha}{ER}}.
\end{eqnarray*}
$$
Putting these together
$$
\theta_s=2\sin^{-1}\left\{
\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+R^2(1-\alpha/(RE))}}
\right\},~~~a=\frac{\alpha}{2E}.
$$
It was from this departure of the experimentally measured \( d\sigma/d\Omega \) from the Rutherford formula that allowed Rutherford to infer the radius of the gold nucleus, \( R \).
The calculus of variations involves problems where the quantity to be minimized or maximized is an integral.
The usual minimization problem one faces involves taking a function \( {\cal L}(x) \), then finding the single value \( x \) for which \( {\cal L} \) is either a maximum or minimum. In multivariate calculus one also learns to solve problems where you minimize for multiple variables, \( {\cal L}(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_n) \), and finding the points \( (x_1\cdots y_n) \) in an \( n \)-dimensional space that maximize or minimize the function. Here, we consider what seems to be a much more ambitious problem. Imagine you have a function \( {\cal L}(x(t),\dot{x}(t),t) \), and you wish to find the extrema for an infinite number of values of \( x \), i.e. \( x \) at each point \( t \). The function \( {\cal L} \) will not only depend on \( x \) at each point \( t \), but also on the slope at each point, plus an additional dependence on \( t \). Note we are NOT finding an optimum value of \( t \), we are finding the set of optimum values of \( x \) at each point \( t \), or equivalently, finding the function \( x(t) \).
One treats the function \( x(t) \) as being unknown while minimizing the action
$$
S=\int_{t_1}^{t_2}dt~{\cal L}(x(t),\dot{x}(t),t).
$$
Thus, we are minimizing \( S \) with respect to an infinite number of values of \( x(t_i) \) at points \( t_i \). As an additional criteria, we will assume that \( x(t_1) \) and \( x(t_2) \) are fixed, and that that we will only consider variations of \( x \) between the boundaries. The dependence on the derivative, \( \dot{x}=dx/dt \), is crucial because otherwise the solution would involve simply finding the one value of \( x \) that minimized \( {\cal L} \), and \( x(t) \) would equal a constant if there were no explicit \( t \) dependence. Furthermore, \( x \) wouldn't need to be continuous at the boundary.
In the general case we have an integral of the type
$$
S[q]= \int_{t_1}^{t_2} {\cal L}(q(t),\dot{q}(t),t)dt,
$$
where \( S \) is the quantity which is sought minimized or maximized. The problem is that although \( {\cal L} \) is a function of the general variables \( q(t),\dot{q}(t),t \) (note our change of variables), the exact dependence of \( q \) on \( t \) is not known. This means again that even though the integral has fixed limits \( t_1 \) and \( t_2 \), the path of integration is not known. In our case the unknown quantities are the positions and general velocities of a given number of objects and we wish to choose an integration path which makes the functional \( S[q] \) stationary. This means that we want to find minima, or maxima or saddle points. In physics we search normally for minima. Our task is therefore to find the minimum of \( S[q] \) so that its variation \( \delta S \) is zero subject to specific constraints. The constraints can be treated via the technique of Lagrangian multipliers as we will see below.
We assume the existence of an optimum path, that is a path for which \( S[q] \) is stationary. There are infinitely many such paths. The difference between two paths \( \delta q \) is called the variation of \( q \).
We call the variation \( \eta(t) \) and it is scaled by a factor \( \alpha \). The function \( \eta(t) \) is arbitrary except for
$$
\eta(t_1)=\eta(t_2)=0,
$$
and we assume that we can model the change in \( q \) as
$$
q(t,\alpha) = q(t)+\alpha\eta(t),
$$
and
$$
\delta q = q(t,\alpha) -q(t,0)=\alpha\eta(t).
$$
We choose \( q(t,\alpha=0) \) as the unkonwn path that will minimize \( S \). The value \( q(t,\alpha\ne 0) \) describes a neighbouring path.
We have
$$
S[q(\alpha)]= \int_{t_1}^{t_2} {\cal L}(q(t,\alpha),\dot{q}(t,\alpha),t)dt.
$$
The condition for an extreme of
$$
S[q(\alpha)]= \int_{t_1}^{t_2} {\cal L}(q(t,\alpha),\dot{q}(t,\alpha),t)dt,
$$
is
$$
\left[\frac{\partial S[q(\alpha)]}{\partial t}\right]_{\alpha=0} =0.
$$
The \( \alpha \) dependence is contained in \( q(t,\alpha) \) and \( \dot{q}(t,\alpha) \) meaning that
$$
\left[\frac{\partial E[q(\alpha)]}{\partial \alpha}\right]=\int_{t_1}^{t_2} \left( \frac{\partial {\cal l}}{\partial q}\frac{\partial q}{\partial \alpha}+\frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial \dot{q}}\frac{\partial \dot{q}}{\partial \alpha}\right)dt.
$$
We have defined
$$
\frac{\partial q(x,\alpha)}{\partial \alpha}=\eta(x)
$$
and thereby
$$
\frac{\partial \dot{q}(t,\alpha)}{\partial \alpha}=\frac{d(\eta(t))}{dt}.
$$
Using
$$
\frac{\partial q(t,\alpha)}{\partial \alpha}=\eta(t),
$$
and
$$
\frac{\partial \dot{q}(t,\alpha)}{\partial \alpha}=\frac{d(\eta(t))}{dt},
$$
in the integral gives
$$
\left[\frac{\partial S[q(\alpha)]}{\partial \alpha}\right]=\int_{t_1}^{t_2} \left( \frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial q}\eta(t)+\frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial \dot{q}}\frac{d(\eta(t))}{dt}\right)dt.
$$
Integrating the second term by parts
$$
\int_{t_1}^{t_2} \frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial \dot{q}}\frac{d(\eta(t))}{dt}dt =\eta(t)\frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial \dot{q}}|_{t_1}^{t_2}-
\int_a^b \eta(t)\frac{d}{dx}\frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial \dot{q}}dt,
$$
and since the first term dissappears due to \( \eta(a)=\eta(b)=0 \), we obtain
$$
\left[\frac{\partial S[q(\alpha)]}{\partial \alpha}\right]=\int_{t_1}^{t_2} \left( \frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial q}-\frac{d}{dx}\frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial \dot{q}}
\right)\eta(t)dt=0.
$$
The latter can be written as
$$
\left[\frac{\partial S[q(\alpha)]}{\partial \alpha}\right]_{\alpha=0}=\int_{t_1}^{t_2} \left( \frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial q}-\frac{d}{\
dx}\frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial \dot{q}}\right)\delta q(t)dt=\delta S = 0.
$$
The condition for a stationary value is thus a partial differential equation
$$
\frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial q}-\frac{d}{dx}\frac{\partial {\cal L}}{\partial \dot{q}}=0,
$$
known as the Euler-Lagrange equation.


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js/views/Template.jsx
/**
* Copyright 2016 OSBI Ltd
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
import React from 'react';
import {
Grid,
Navbar,
Nav,
NavItem
} from 'react-bootstrap';
import Component from '../components/Component';
/**
* Starter template. Nothing but the basics: compiled CSS and JavaScript
* along with a container.
*/
class Template extends React.Component {
/**
* React components implement the `render()` method that takes input data and
* returns what to display. This method uses an XML-like syntax called JSX.
* Input data that is passed into the component can be accessed by `render()`
* via this.props.
*
* @return {HTMLElement|Node|String} An image the company.
*/
render() {
return (

<Navbar inverse fixedTop>
<Navbar.Header>
<Navbar.Brand>
Project name
</Navbar.Brand>
<Navbar.Toggle />
</Navbar.Header>
<Navbar.Collapse>

<NavItem eventKey={1} href="#" active>Home</NavItem>
<NavItem eventKey={2} href="#">About</NavItem>
<NavItem eventKey={3} href="#">Contact</NavItem>

</Navbar.Collapse>
</Navbar>
<Grid>
<Component />
</Grid>

);
}
}
export default Template;


Upload / Download¶
Standard upload and download¶
When a local project directory exists (created using mc init
or mc clone
), files can be transferred between the local project and the remote project.
File uploading and downloading is performed with the mc up
and mc down
command, respectively. To upload one or more files the basic usage is:
mc up [-r] local_file [local_file ...]
And to download one or more files the basic usage is:
mc down [-r] remote_file [remote_file ...]
The -r
option is used to upload and download directory contents recursively. For mc up
, any files given as “path” arguments existing in the local project directory will be uploaded to the corresponding directory in the remote project. Similarly, for mc down
any files given as “path” arguments existing in the remote project directory will be downloaded to the corrsponding directory in the local project. Any intermediate directories that do not exist will be created automatically.
For example, consider a project on Materials Commons named “MyProject” that looks like this:
MyProject/:
├── file_A.txt
├── file_B.txt
└── level_1
├── file_A.txt
├── file_B.txt
└── level_2
├── file_A.txt
└── file_B.txt
Imagine the local project directory looks like this:
/Users/me/local/mc_projects/MyProject/:
├── file_A.txt
├── file_C.txt
└── level_1
├── file_A.txt
└── file_C.txt
If the current working directory is /Users/me/local/mc_projects/MyProject/
, then the following are all possible:
# upload one file
mc up file_C.txt
# upload two files
mc up file_C.txt level_1/file_C.txt
# upload a directory, and its subdirectories, recursively
mc up -r level_1
# upload everything in the current directory, and subdirectories, recursively
mc up -r .
# download one file
mc down file_B.txt
# download two files
mc down file_B.txt level_1/file_B.txt
# download a file (creating necessary directory level_1/level_2):
mc down level_1/level_2/file_A.txt
# download a directory and subdirectories, recursively:
mc down -r level_1
# download all files and subdirectories, recursively:
mc down -r .
By default, mc up
/mc down
will check MD5 checksums and not transfer files that already exist. This can be skipped with the --no-compare
option.
There is a limit to the size of files that can be uploaded using the standard file upload process. that depends on the configuration of the particular instance of Materials Commons. The mc
program will skip (with a warning message) uploading any file larger than the size given by the --limit
option (given in MB). The default limit is 50MB.
When uploading a file results in “overwriting” an existing file at the same location, Materials Commons saves the previously existing file as a “version”. Access to previous file versions will be enabled in a subsequent release, along with details about how mc rm
and mc mv
effect versions.
Globus installation and configuration¶
The Globus transfer service can be used when transferring large files or many files. The Globus client should already be installed as part of the materials-commons-cli
installation process. But, if it is not installed, install with:
pip install globus-sdk
pip install globus-cli
The following assumes you have a valid Globus account.
First, add your Globus account name in the Account Settings section on the Materials Commons website. Typically, this is the email address associated with your Globus account.
Second, configure the client side to use Globus. There are two typical cases:
Case 1) If you are using Globus Personal Connect, for instance on your personal computer, you must have Globus Personal Connect running and log in to Globus:
globus login
Case 2) If you are using a Globus endpoint managed by someone else, for instance on a shared cluster,
mc
must be configured with the Globus endpoint ID. This can be done using the following steps:Find the Globus endpoint ID for the endpoint you will use. Endpoint UUIDs can be found on the Globus endpoints web interface.
Configure
mc
to use the Globus endpoint ID:mc globus --set-globus-endpoint-id <endpoint_id>
Uploading files with Globus¶
Globus transfers to Materials Commons take place via a temporary intermediary directory that is created on Materials Commons. The process is as follows:
Step 1, Request a Globus upload directory¶
Imagine the initial state of your local and remote projects, before uploading, looks like the following:
Imagine that you want to upload the files named “file_B.txt”. Request that Materials Commons creates a new Globus upload for the project. This creates a new, empty, upload directory on Materials Commons. It is possible to have multiple upload directories existing at the same time, for the same project, to help manage multiple transfers. Each upload directory requested from mc
is given a name made up of three random words along with an ID and UUID. Access control is set to allow only you to privately access the upload directory via Globus.:
$ mc globus upload --create
Created Globus upload: 293
project_name project_id type name id uuid created status
-- -------------- ------------ ------ ------------------- ---- ------------------------------------ -------------------- --------
* MyProject 589 upload rivage-popish-bonze 293 c3474f16-b357-4b6c-92ca-fd93a1e37840 2021 Jan 1 03:52:49 Ready
Step 2, Transfer files¶
At this point, Globus transfers to the upload directory can be initiated with mc up
by adding the -g
/--globus
option. Multi-file and recursive uploads can be initiated for Globus uploads just as with standard uploads. Since a user can have multiple existing Globus upload directories, the mc
program stores, for each local project, the ID of a “current” Globus upload indicating which upload directory to transfer files to.
If no “current” upload exists when mc up
is called, then mc
will request a new upload directory with a random name and initiate a Globus transfer to it. The newly created upload directory becomes the “current” upload directory and is used when mc up -g
is called subsequently.
The first time a transfer is initiated Globus will generate an authorization token for the mc
program, specific to the computer making the transfer. A browser should be opened automatically taking you to a page with the authorization code which mc
will prompt for. Copy and paste the code into the command line and the transfer should begin.
$ mc up -g file_B.txt
Using current globus upload (name=rivage-popish-bonze, id=293).
Please login. If a webpage does not open automatically, go here:
https://auth.globus.org/v2/oauth2/authorize?... (long link)
Please enter the code you get after login here: abc123abc123abc123abc123abc123
Globus task_id: c127a968-57b1-11eb-87bb-02187389bd35
Globus transfer task initiated.
Use `globus task list` to monitor task status.
Use `mc globus upload` to manage Globus uploads.
Multiple transfer tasks may be initiated.
When all tasks finish uploading, use `mc globus upload --id 293 --finish` to import all uploaded files into the Materials Commons project.
Any number of Globus transfers can be performed to transfer files into the upload directory. Files will be placed into the upload directory mirroring the project’s directory struture, but only directories containing newly uploaded files need to be created.
The command globus task list
can be used to check the status of all initiated transfers.
$ globus task list
Task ID | Status | Type | Source Display Name | Dest Display Name | Label
------------------------------------ | --------- | -------- | ------------------- | -------------------------- | --------------------------------
c127a968-57b1-11eb-87bb-02187389bd35 | SUCCEEDED | TRANSFER | my_MacbookAir | materials-commons-2-upload | MyProject-rivage-popish-bonze
If a task will not complete (Status != SUCCEEDED), check that Globus Personal Connect is running, your internet connection is working, or check and address error messages in the Globus transfer activity page.
At any point before finishing the upload, you can as a convenience also open the Globus file manager in a web browser with the --goto
command to transfer files using that interface. For example:
$ mc globus upload --id 293 --goto
project_name project_id type name id uuid created status
-- -------------- ------------ ------ ------------------- ---- ------------------------------------ -------------------- --------
MyProject 589 upload rivage-popish-bonze 293 c3474f16-b357-4b6c-92ca-fd93a1e37840 2021 Jan 16 03:52:49 Ready
You want to goto these uploads in a web browser? ('Yes'/'No'): Yes
Step 3, Finish upload¶
If all of the “file_B.txt” files are uploaded, the directories will look like the following:
Once all desired transfers are completed, the Materials Commons upload directory can be closed and files processed into your project with the --finish
option for mc globus upload
:
mc globus upload --id 293 --finish
The processing time required before files appear in your project will depend on the size of the transfer. The status can be checked with mc globus upload
:
$ mc globus upload
project_name project_id type name id uuid created status
-- -------------- ------------ ------ ------------------- ---- ------------------------------------ -------------------- ---------
MyProject 589 upload rivage-popish-bonze 293 c3474f16-b357-4b6c-92ca-fd93a1e37840 2021 Jan 16 03:52:49 Finishing
Once processing is finished, the upload directory will no longer appear in mc globus upload
results, and all files should appear in the project directory.
Then, the final state should be:
Additional Notes¶
If you wish to delete an upload directory and not process the files that have already been uploaded, use the --delete
option with mc globus upload
.
The current Globus upload directory can be managed with the --set
and --unset
options for mc globus upload
.
In the example uploading all the “file_B.txt” files resulted in the remote project matching the local project. This could have also been accomplished by attempting to upload all the local files, recursively:
mc up -g -r .
In this case, mc
will compare the MD5 checksum of the local and remote files and only request that Globus upload the files that are different.
Downloading files with Globus¶
The Globus download process is similar to the Globus upload process. The first step is requesting that Materials Commons creates a temporary download directory using mc globus download --create
. This will create the temporary download directory and populate it with links to all of the files in the project. Access control is set to allow only you to privately access the download directory via Globus.
$ mc globus download --create
Created Globus download: 295
project_name project_id type name id uuid created status
-- -------------- ------------ -------- ------------------- ---- ------------------------------------ -------------------- --------
* MyProject 589 download teerer-armed-gynics 295 db89ab27-92cf-4e12-9b4d-a4c3162f56da 2021 Jan 16 04:52:24 Waiting
The status of the download directory can be checked with mc globus download
:
$ mc globus download
project_name project_id type name id uuid created status
-- -------------- ------------ -------- ------------------- ---- ------------------------------------ -------------------- --------
* MyProject 589 download teerer-armed-gynics 295 db89ab27-92cf-4e12-9b4d-a4c3162f56da 2021 Jan 16 04:52:24 Waiting
Note that it is a known issue that creating the download directory for projects with a very large number of files may be very slow and even fail. An improved download method is under development.
Once the status is “Ready”, downloads can be initiated by adding the the -g
/--globus
option to mc down
. Multi-file and recursive downloads can be initiated for Globus downloads just as with standard downloads.
mc down -g file_B.txt
As with uploads, multiple transfers may be initiated and --goto
may be used to open the Globus file manager for the download directory in a web browser. Once all desired transfers are completed, the Materials Commons download directory can be closed with the --delete
option for mc globus download
:
mc globus download --id 295 --delete
The download directory may be left as long as desired, but it will not reflect any file or directory changes to the project since the time the download directory was created.
The current Globus download directory can be managed with the --set
and --unset
options for mc globus download
.


| Class and Description |
|---|
| BaseContext
A common base superclass for Cayenne ObjectContext implementors.
|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| DataChannel
DataChannel is an abstraction used by ObjectContexts to obtain mapping metadata and
access a persistent store.
|
| DataChannelFilterChain
Provides DataChannelFilters with API to pass control to the next filter in the chain or
the underlying DataChannel for the last chain filter.
|
| DataChannelSyncCallbackAction |
| DataObject
Defines basic methods for a persistent object in Cayenne.
|
| DataRow
DataRow a map that holds values retrieved from the database for a given query row.
|
| DeleteDenyException
An exception thrown during an attempt to delete an object that has a relationship to a
non-null related object, that has a DENY delete rule.
|
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| ObjectId
A portable global identifier for persistent objects.
|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| PersistentObject
A convenience base superclass for concrete Persistent objects.
|
| QueryResponse
Represents a result of query execution.
|
| QueryResult
Represents a collection of items which are results of a multipart query execution.
|
| QueryResultItem
Represents a single item in a multipart query execution.
|
| ResultBatchIterator
Defines API of a batch iterator over the ResultIterator returned as a result of
Select queries execution.
|
| ResultIterator
Defines API of an iterator over the records returned as a result of
Select queries execution.
|
| ResultIteratorCallback
A callback interface invoked on each row when iterating over
ResultIterator . |
| Validating
Defines a number of callback methods that allow an object to be validated before safe.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BaseContext
A common base superclass for Cayenne ObjectContext implementors.
|
| CayenneException
A generic checked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| DataChannel
DataChannel is an abstraction used by ObjectContexts to obtain mapping metadata and
access a persistent store.
|
| DataChannelFilter
An interface of a filter that allows to intercept DataChannel operations.
|
| DataObject
Defines basic methods for a persistent object in Cayenne.
|
| DataRow
DataRow a map that holds values retrieved from the database for a given query row.
|
| Fault
Represents a placeholder for an unresolved relationship from a source object.
|
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| ObjectId
A portable global identifier for persistent objects.
|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| QueryResponse
Represents a result of query execution.
|
| ResultIterator
Defines API of an iterator over the records returned as a result of
Select queries execution.
|
| ValueHolder
Provides a level of indirection for property value access, most often used for deferred
faulting of to-one relationships.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DataRow
DataRow a map that holds values retrieved from the database for a given query row.
|
| ObjectId
A portable global identifier for persistent objects.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneException
A generic checked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| ResultIterator
Defines API of an iterator over the records returned as a result of
Select queries execution.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ObjectId
A portable global identifier for persistent objects.
|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ObjectId
A portable global identifier for persistent objects.
|
| ResultIterator
Defines API of an iterator over the records returned as a result of
Select queries execution.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ConfigurationException
A runtime exception thrown on failures in Cayenne configuration.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| ConfigurationException
A runtime exception thrown on failures in Cayenne configuration.
|
| DataChannel
DataChannel is an abstraction used by ObjectContexts to obtain mapping metadata and
access a persistent store.
|
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ConfigurationException
A runtime exception thrown on failures in Cayenne configuration.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneContext
A default generic implementation of ObjectContext suitable for accessing
Cayenne from either an ORM or a client tiers.
|
| ConfigurationException
A runtime exception thrown on failures in Cayenne configuration.
|
| DataChannel
DataChannel is an abstraction used by ObjectContexts to obtain mapping metadata and
access a persistent store.
|
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| ConfigurationException
A runtime exception thrown on failures in Cayenne configuration.
|
| DataChannel
DataChannel is an abstraction used by ObjectContexts to obtain mapping metadata and
access a persistent store.
|
| DataChannelFilter
An interface of a filter that allows to intercept DataChannel operations.
|
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| DataRow
DataRow a map that holds values retrieved from the database for a given query row.
|
| ObjectId
A portable global identifier for persistent objects.
|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DataRow
DataRow a map that holds values retrieved from the database for a given query row.
|
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| ObjectId
A portable global identifier for persistent objects.
|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| ProcedureResult
Result of procedure call.
|
| QueryResult
Represents a collection of items which are results of a multipart query execution.
|
| ResultBatchIterator
Defines API of a batch iterator over the ResultIterator returned as a result of
Select queries execution.
|
| ResultIterator
Defines API of an iterator over the records returned as a result of
Select queries execution.
|
| ResultIteratorCallback
A callback interface invoked on each row when iterating over
ResultIterator . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| Fault
Represents a placeholder for an unresolved relationship from a source object.
|
| LifecycleListener
A callback interface to listen to persistent object lifecycle events.
|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| ValueHolder
Provides a level of indirection for property value access, most often used for deferred
faulting of to-one relationships.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| DataChannel
DataChannel is an abstraction used by ObjectContexts to obtain mapping metadata and
access a persistent store.
|
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| QueryResponse
Represents a result of query execution.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| DataChannel
DataChannel is an abstraction used by ObjectContexts to obtain mapping metadata and
access a persistent store.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DataChannel
DataChannel is an abstraction used by ObjectContexts to obtain mapping metadata and
access a persistent store.
|
| DataChannelFilter
An interface of a filter that allows to intercept DataChannel operations.
|
| DataChannelFilterChain
Provides DataChannelFilters with API to pass control to the next filter in the chain or
the underlying DataChannel for the last chain filter.
|
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| QueryResponse
Represents a result of query execution.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
| DataChannel
DataChannel is an abstraction used by ObjectContexts to obtain mapping metadata and
access a persistent store.
|
| DataChannelListener
A listener of
DataChannel lifecycle events. |
| ObjectContext
A Cayenne object facade to a persistent store.
|
| ObjectId
A portable global identifier for persistent objects.
|
| Persistent
Defines minimal API of an object that can be persisted via Cayenne.
|
| ProcedureResult
Result of procedure call.
|
| QueryResponse
Represents a result of query execution.
|
| QueryResult
Represents a collection of items which are results of a multipart query execution.
|
| QueryResultItem
Represents a single item in a multipart query execution.
|
| ResultIterator
Defines API of an iterator over the records returned as a result of
Select queries execution.
|
| ValueHolder
Provides a level of indirection for property value access, most often used for deferred
faulting of to-one relationships.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntimeException
A generic unchecked exception that may be thrown by Cayenne framework.
|
Copyright © 2001–2019 Apache Cayenne. All rights reserved.


American teacher found dead in Dominican Republic
An American teacher was found dead in her apartment in the Dominican Republic, according to local police.
Patricia Ann Anton, 63, was found strangled, with her hands and feet tied up, in what appeared to be a robbery, police said Tuesday. Her laptop, TV, phone and other items were stolen from her apartment on the north side of the island.
Anton worked at 3 Mariposas Montessori for the last six years. School officials said they "are completely heartbroken over the loss."
In a Facebook post, her brother-in-law said Anton dedicated her life to helping children.
"Her death is a tragedy," the post said.
No arrests have been made and Dominican officials are urging anyone with information to come forward.


Main Ethereum Network
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BUYER LOG IN
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Restore account?
Import using account seed phase


This keyboard is created for the miluk, hanis, shaʼyuushtlʼa, quuiich, and alsea languages. It includes upper and lower case versions of all characters. In addition to your keys responding when pressed on their own, all keys have additional outputs when holding down the shift key. These represent the different sounds that are found in these three languages. Notably, labialized consonants, ejectives, and geminant consonants are accessed via the shift key.
© Jordan AG Douglas-Tavani


Assignments:
Assignment 1: JS Photo Gallery
Assignment 2: Shopping Cart
Assignment 3: Calculator
Assignment 4: Liar's Dice
Assignment 5: Form Validation
Assignment 6: Registration Form Validation
Assignment 7: DOM Manipulation
Assignment 8: Final Project Proposal
Assignment 9: Final Project Home
Assignment 10: Final Project Static Pages
Labs:
Lab 1: Student Page
Lab 2: Currency Converter
Lab 3: Shopping Cart with Funds
Lab 4: Updated JS Photo Gallery
Lab 5: Password Validation
Lab 6: Password Validation w/ RegEx
Lab 7: Dynamic Photo Gallery
Lab 8: Contact List using Objects
Lab 10: Dashboard w/ Storage
Lab 11: jQuery Photo Gallery
Lab 12: Stopwatch


Commands
Playing music is as easy as joining voice and typing:
For more information, click on the button below.
Use an assortment of analysis utilities, such as searching on YouTube and Google.
For more information, click on the button below.
Use various commands for entertainment or information.
For more information, click on the button below.


Michigan issues 1st recreational marijuana licenses
by Associated PressANN ARBOR, Mich. (AP) — The state of Michigan has issued the first licenses to a business planning to grow and sell marijuana for recreational use.
Ann Arbor-based Exclusive Brands already has medical marijuana operations. It received recreational licenses Tuesday. It wants to start selling marijuana to adults age 21 and over as soon as Dec. 1.
Recreational marijuana is unlikely to be available on a widespread basis in Michigan until licensed growers can harvest the first crop, possibly in March or April.
Also getting licenses Tuesday were PSI Labs in Ann Arbor, which tests marijuana, and Real Leaf Solutions, a Kalkaska-based company that plans to organize marijuana events.


Experience
Immersed Games is a startup local to Gainesville, FL, that focuses on the production of educational video games. I have been an intern for Immersed Games since February, 2015.
I work in programming the AI of different creatures (animals and plants) in the upcoming game, Tyto Ecology.
In my time at immersed, I developed skills such as:
- Developing a game in C++, specifically utilizing the Unreal Engine
- Working the blueprint functionality (a type of visual coding used in the front end) in the Unreal Engine
- Relating the front end and back end functionalities of a video game
- Understanding game design through attending meetings
- Working in a team on a project
I cannot share any of my work done at Immersed, but the below images are links link to my Github. I'm planning on working on some solo proects soon.


The 23rd uniform polyhedron is the Small rhombihexahedron; it has Wythoff symbol 3/2 2 4|. Its dual is the small rhombihexacron. The pattern of polygons round each vertex is (8,4,8/7,4/3); its symmetry group is the octahedral group S4.
It has:
Euler characteristic: -6
It is one-sided; it has
Number of vertices: 24
Number of edges: 48
Number of faces: 18 (=3 octagons and 6 quadrilaterals and 64/3and 38/7).
Note: a polygon a/b means a shape made by taking a points and joining every bth of them; for instance 5/2 means a five-pointed star made by taking five points and joining every second point.


What is XSS Hunter?
XSS Hunter allows you to find all kinds of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities, including the often-missed blind XSS. The service works by hosting specialized XSS probes which, upon firing, scan the page and send information about the vulnerable page to the XSS Hunter service.
 You then use this subdomain in your XSS testing, using injection attempts such as "><script src=//yoursubdomain.{{domain}}></script>
. XSS Hunter will automatically serve up XSS probes and collect the resulting information when they fire.
Managed XSS Payload Fires
Easily manage all of your XSS payload fires in one spot! All vulnerabilities are recorded in your XSS Hunter control panel. Even the often-missed blind XSS payload fires which occur in other victim's browsers in place such as backend administrative panels, logging systems, and more are all recorded.
Powerful XSS Payload Probes
All XSS Hunter payloads work as probes to gather information on where they have fired. The following information is collected upon a payload firing:
The vulnerable page's URI
Origin of Execution
The Victim's IP Address
The Page Referer
The Victim's User Agent
All Non-HTTP-Only Cookies
The Page's Full HTML DOM
Full Screenshot of the Affected Page
Responsible HTTP Request (If an XSS Hunter compatible tool is used)
Full Page Screenshots
XSS Hunter probes utilize the HTML5 canvas API to generate a full screenshot of the vulnerable page which an XSS payload has fired on. With this feature you can peak into internal administrative panels, support desks, logging systems, and other internal web apps. This allows for more powerful reports that show the full impact of the vulnerability to your client or bug bounty program.
Markup Report Generation
Speaking of powerful reporting, did we mention that each XSS payload report comes with a pre-generated markdown submission for HackerOne? Collecting your bounty has never been easier. These generated reports are also compatible with other markdown-supporting platforms such as Phabricator for easy bug reporting on company ticketing systems.
XSS Payload Fire Email Reports
XSS payload fires also send out detailed email reports which can be easily forwarded to the appropriate security contacts for easy reporting of critical bugs.
Custom XSS Shortdomain
Upon registering for XSS Hunter you will get your own short domain for your XSS payloads which can be used on length-restricted input fields. No need to setup DNS or hosting!
Automatic Payload Generation
XSS Hunter automatically generates XSS payloads for you to use in your web application security testing.
Correlated Injections
Perhaps the most powerful feature of XSS Hunter is the ability to correlated injection attempts with XSS payload fires. By using an XSS Hunter compatible testing tool you can know immediately what caused a specific payload to fire (even weeks after the injection attempt was made!).


--- layout: post title: Rules of the game date: 2013-06-15 11:50:48.000000000 -05:00 type: post parent_id: '0' published: true password: '' status: publish categories: - English tags: [] meta: _publicize_pending: '1' publicize_twitter_user: darribas _wpas_done_31944: '1' _publicize_done_external: a:1:{s:7:"twitter";a:1:{i:14787941;b:1;}} author: login: dreamessenceonthemove email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: darribas first_name: Daniel last_name: Arribas-Bel permalink: "/2013/06/15/rules-of-the-game/" ---
"A good rodeo, like a good marriage, or musical instrument when played to the pitch of perfection, becomes more than what it started out to be. It is effort transformed into effortlessness; a balance becomes grace, the way love goes deep into friendship."
"The solace of open spaces" G. Ehrlich.


white
blue
excellent
fair
10.2.b setvalue element with expression and literal, element with neither
You must see the value "white" in the Color output control and the value
"excellent" in the Condition output control.
When you activate the Set Color trigger the value in the Color output must change to "blue".
When you activate the Set Condition trigger the value in the Condition output must change being
empty.
Color :
Set color
lapis blue metallic
Condition :
Set condition


Time: 0 Hours
At about 7pm in the evening when i decided to dose, being experienced with this substance i decided to double my last dose to about 130mg. This was done by placeing the powder on a flat surface and splitting it in to equal piles of 8. I then place two of these piles in to a rizla paper and swallowed. I had already eaten beforehand, and had drank a can of beer.
I spent the first few hour smokeing skunk and listening to steve hillage with my friend S.  Note : The amt did not cause the back problem that was already there even before he took the substance. Although all psychedelics do this too him AMT was slightly stronger but even with that there was no negative body load on his last AMT trip. Although after he has had his back sorted we will be planning a good trip into the country.
After an hour and a half we set of to meet other friends so we could all set of to the party together. So on the way I decided to get some more beer which i was served by some strange who was girl humming to her self and makeing strange sounds. Sorta like la la la de de de Mmm Mmm Mmm. Strange !
Time : 2 hours
It was now 9pm and all my friends had arranged to meet up at T house and we were waiting a bit for the party to start which was about 11pm. So to pass time we wathched a bit of T.V and talked about crops circles and if they are man made or not and the conclusion that we came up with was that there is something doing them to try and make people think diffrently.
The odd person came to the house to sort things out for the party like smoke machines and strobe lights. I started to feel some effects of this crazy drug and by this time my friend S stood up and said that he couldnt sit next to me cos he felt like he was piggy backing of me and picking up my vibes of the trip and even another friend K was picking up the same vibes.
I was at this time feeling euphoric and happy. I had managed to drink about two cans but had to leave it at that for a bit cos i was feeling not ill but just coudnt drink any more for now sorta like the feeling you get from a pill come up.
Time passed and it was now time to wander to the party it was about 10:30pm. My friends where jokeing about how i was a space caddet and I replied jokingly no space a captain, then they started calling me a satalight saying yep he is still up there orbiting the earth not quite come down yet. Still it was pretty funny. It took about 30 mins to reach the party which was in a house by a set of locks, still my friends commented about picking up my tripping vibes although I was walking aroung with a constant smile on my face and dilated eyes though.
Time : 4 hours
We turned up at the party a bit early, cos there was no one there, but a few minutes later people appeared from nowhere which was strange. The effect of the drug where going strong with mental clarity with compassion, no fear or lothing at this party i thourght there was still no hallucinations yet though. We got inside and I felt ok enough to start drinking T had dissapeared somewhere and K had a girl sat on his lap which was probably to hurt her ex-boyfriend who was also there, even though there was no trouble that night.
The set up was super strange it was a smallish room with a couple of soffers and some decks, in the corner of the room was a brightly decarated small christmas tree with a strobe light hidden in it with a smoke machine behind that. Everybody was dressed up in fancy dress except for me S and K because T forgot to tell us.
There where some pills going around but I decided not to take them dirty things especialy because i was on a research chemicle. There was also a strange big fat, geeky type with glasses who didnt seem to be a nice person going on about playstation 2 is life and vice city is real. He also went on about how he is a psyhco and some other bad things but even with that negativity, there was no negativity to the trip just compassion. I talked a bit to my friends who where basicaly saying I dont even look as if i am on anything except for me smileing and my dilated pupils. Everything was just peacefull and in perfect harmony I was just super happy.
Time passed and it was soon 12am.
Time : 5 hours
At about 11:50 we all went outside and they started to set of loads of fireworks by this time I started to hallucinate, but the strange things was that the images where in the background and very L.S.D like but its almost like I dont notice them but I do.
Its like when I'm dreaming and something strange happens say like I can walk through walls but I just see it as normal thats what the hallucinations are like. Its almost a break down of reality, like this reality is just a dream we need to wake up from.
I also met another friend who has done alot of acid and he sugessted sometime next month we could all go out in to the countryside camping and try to do something constructive. I then talked about the importance of remapping the brain to accept diffrent perceptions and how it is the future of the humanrace.
It soon hit 12am and everyone was running aroung hugging each other and shakeing hands shouting happy newyear, which was kind of strange especialy being on this coumpound. By now it was too cold so i went back inside. I could go on and on and on cos this was a very long trip and i didnt get home till about 8am the next day and no sleep for ages, so here is a brief of the last few hours.
Time : Brief
at about 1:00 am My friend S decided to see if he could realy freak me out, not to be nasty but to try an experiment to see if this coumpound could produce negative effect, I seriously new nothing about this at the time.  Even though he knew it was impossible to freak out because of his previous experience.
Back at his we talked about buddism and how this reality is a trapp, and how getting a girlfriend is also a trap because its is following you animal instintcs which cant be done if you want to reach enlighenment. So I came to the conclusion that I want a girlfriend but I dont but I do but I dont, which is something that is driving me crazy.
When I was staring at the wall for a bit there was also mescaline like imagary on the wall almost like watching an animated cartoon. There was also stuff about this is you last life to reach enlighenment because the human race will no longer be here for your next re-encarnation and it will all end soon, probably 2012.
So this substance is amazing but a little bit draining, I would say its the new L.S.D the perfect drug to remap the brain. But even though i was at a party I still had meaningfull conversations with people.
I would say this can be a life changing coumpound and I think that all the negativity from other reports could be because of :
People are inexperienced trippers that have negative trips on this substance
Someone is fabricating negative trip reports because if this stuff is that good it could be the new L.S.D and the goverments dont want that just look at the 60s
People are receving inpure compunds or its not even AMT what they have
Note : There have been no negative effects of any kind, execpt for total energy drain for about 2-3 days. There has been no headaches, no nauser and only a slightly bloated feeling on the come up. There has been no other negative effects except for slight dehydration. The drug usually takes 2- 3 hours for me to feel the empathy/compassion with the hallucinations starting at about 4 - 5 hours
and it can last up to 18+.
Peace
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


{% extends "skeleton/_body.html" %}
{%hyde
title: "Cast Client - Bundle Management"
created: 2011-03-01
listing: False
%}
{% block content_body %}
{% markdown %}
The 'cast bundles' command allows you to create, upload and manage application
bundles. A bundle is simply a tarball of your application, including a manifest
file that instructs the Cast agent on the details of the deployment.
{% endmarkdown %}
{% include "docs/client/bundles/doc.stub" %}
{% endblock %}


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisioning#Server_provisioning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_management#Operating_System_configuration_management
Install the following software on your laptop:
git clone https://github.com/wallrj/docker-tutorial.git
cd docker-tutorial
vagrant up
Docker is an open platform for developers and sysadmins to build, ship, and run distributed applications.
Consisting of Docker Engine, a portable, lightweight runtime and packaging tool, and Docker Hub, a cloud service for sharing applications and automating workflows, Docker enables apps to be quickly assembled from components and eliminates the friction between development, QA, and production environments.
As a result, IT can ship faster and run the same app, unchanged, on laptops, data center VMs, and any cloud.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating-system-level_virtualization
# Change to the tutorial directory
cd docker-tutorial
# You may already have completed this step
vagrant up
# Log into the virtual machine
vagrant ssh
Fixed private IP address:
<IP_ADDRESS>
Neither Apache or PHP present on tutorial VM!
vagrant@docker-tutorial:~$ php
The program 'php' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install php5-cli
vagrant@docker-tutorial:~$ apache
No command 'apache' found, did you mean:
Command 'apache2' from package 'apache2-bin' (main)
apache: command not found
docker run --detach --publish 80 tutum/apache-php
docker ps
(note the port)
vagrant@docker-tutorial:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d10d4eec5ba1 tutum/apache-php:latest "/run.sh" 14 seconds ago Up 13 seconds <IP_ADDRESS>:49154->80/tcp compassionate_mcclintock
docker run --detach --publish 8080:80 tutum/apache-php
docker ps
docker run --detach --publish 8081:80 --volume /vagrant/sample1:/app tutum/apache-php
docker ps
https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/tutum/apache-php/dockerfile/
cd docker-tutorial
cd sample2
edit Dockerfile
cd /vagrant
cd sample2
docker build --tag=docker-tutorial/sample2 .
docker run --rm --interactive --tty docker-tutorial/sample2 /bin/bash
eg Elastic Search, Logstash, Kibana


LATEST FROM THE BLOG
{% for post in site.posts %}
{{ post.date | date: "%B" }}{{ post.date | date: "%e" }}
{% endfor %}


§651-41 Priority in levying. Every officer receiving a writ of execution issued in due form by any court or judge, shall note thereon the day and hour of its receipt, and the officer shall give priority in levying upon property of the defendant in execution, to the writs received by the officer according to the order of time in which they are received. [CC 1859, §1021; RL 1925, §2445; RL 1935, §4144; RL 1945, §10171; RL 1955, §233-40; HRS §651-41; gen ch 1985]
Case Notes
Levy makes judgment a lien. 4 H. 165 (1879).
A subsequently served garnishee process had priority over defective execution levied by marshal first. 6 H. 153 (1875).
Execution must be postponed to lien of prior attachment. 6 H. 564 (1885).
Cited: 3 U.S.D.C. Haw. 176, 179 (1907).


Author: Lukas Fryc Level: Beginner Technologies: RichFaces Summary: Demonstrates RichFaces and bean validation Target Product: WFK Product Versions: EAP 6.1, EAP 6.2, WFK 2.4 Source: https://github.com/jboss-developer/jboss-wfk-quickstarts/
This quickstart demonstrates how to use JSF 2.0, RichFaces 4.2, CDI 1.0, JPA 2.0 and Bean Validation 1.0.
It consists of one entity, Member
, which is annotated with JSR-303 (Bean Validation) constraints. In typical applications, these constraints are checked in several places:
This ensures the constraints are applied consistently, across all layers, allowing clear and precise error reporting, while not breaking the DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself) principle.
This quickstart does not contain a persistence layer. It only shows integration of RichFaces, JSF and Bean Validation. The validation is done using client-side validation where possible.
The application contains a view layer written using JSF and RichFaces and includes an AJAX wizard for new member registration. Each member needs to complete the following information in the wizard:
Once users are successfully registered, they are redirected back to the initial page with a message that the registration was successful.
This quickstart also includes tests for all Bean Validation constraints for the Member
entity. This allows you to check constraints without without the need for a view layer. The tests are written using the Arquillian framework.
The application this project produces is designed to be run on Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform (EAP) 6.1 or later with the Red Hat JBoss Web Framework Kit (WFK) 2.4.
All you need to build this project is Java 6.0 (Java SDK 1.6) or later, Maven 3.0 or later.
If you have not yet done so, you must Configure Maven before testing the quickstarts.
The following shows the command line to start the server with the web profile:
For Linux: JBOSS_HOME/bin/standalone.sh
For Windows: JBOSS_HOME\bin\standalone.bat
NOTE: The following build command assumes you have configured your Maven user settings. If you have not, you must include Maven setting arguments on the command line. See Build and Deploy the Quickstarts for complete instructions and additional options.
Type this command to build and deploy the archive:
mvn clean package jboss-as:deploy
This will deploy target/jboss-richfaces-validation.war
to the running instance of the server.
The application will be running at the following URL: http://localhost:8080/jboss-richfaces-validation/.
You will be provided with form to enter member information.
When you are finished testing, type this command to undeploy the archive:
mvn jboss-as:undeploy
This quickstart provides Arquillian tests. By default, these tests are configured to be skipped as Arquillian tests require the use of a container.
NOTE: The following commands assume you have configured your Maven user settings. If you have not, you must include Maven setting arguments on the command line. See Run the Arquillian Tests for complete instructions and additional options.
Type the following command to run the test goal with the following profile activated:
mvn clean test -Parq-jbossas-remote
When you run the tests, JUnit will present you test report summary:
Tests run: 5, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
If you are interested in more details, check target/surefire-reports
directory. You can check console output to verify that Arquillian had really used the real application server. Search for lines similar to the following in the server output log:
[timestamp] INFO [org.jboss.as.server.deployment] (MSC service thread 1-2) Starting deployment of "test.war"
...
[timestamp] INFO [org.jboss.as.server] (management-handler-threads - 1) JBAS018559: Deployed "test.war"
...
[timestamp] INFO [org.jboss.as.server.deployment] (MSC service thread 1-3) Stopped deployment test.war in 48ms
...
[timestamp] INFO [org.jboss.as.server] (management-handler-threads - 1) JBAS018558: Undeployed "test.war
You can also start the server and deploy the quickstarts from Eclipse using JBoss tools. For more information, see Use JBoss Developer Studio or Eclipse to Run the Quickstarts
If you want to debug the source code or look at the Javadocs of any library in the project, run either of the following commands to pull them into your local repository. The IDE should then detect them.
mvn dependency:sources
mvn dependency:resolve -Dclassifier=javadoc


{% for team in allteams -%}
{{ team }}
{% endfor %}
Black BG Color
Clear Team
& Color Selection
Get Schedule
Last Update
of Schedule
Update Schedule
(admin)


Hierarchical Networks
Hierarchical network of Bacteria (Genus)
Hierarchical network of Archaea (Genus)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (R1)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (R2)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (R3)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (R4)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (R5)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (R6)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (R7)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (PW)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (IW)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (BSSP)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (OIL)
Hierarchical network of microorganisms (O/W)


All Categories are available to be used by any Shop Owner, however only the Admin can edit or delete
{% for user in users %}
{% endfor %}
{{user.firstName}}'s Categories
{% for cat in user.categories.all %}{{cat.catName}}
{% endfor %}


BOOK
A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images, typically composed of many pages bound together and protected by a cover.
Using e-learning Learn, teachers can personally plan their lesson structures that are best-suited to student needs. Digitized Study Material Employ the best college management software to methodically share online study material via rich formats: Video, Image, PPT, PDF, Text.
A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images, typically composed of many pages bound together and protected by a cover.
we provide you live class and recodeds classes .If you want you can learn full free from their. our teacher are very friendly.


Hooli-style
Popup
Mail
Calendar
Mail
News
Map
Files
Contacts
Translate
Videos
Search
More
Photo
Apps
Chat
Even more from Kottans


This tab page of the Change Map Geometry dialog allows you to change the number of site rows and columns by moving any of the map edges.
This box allows you to move any or all map edges. Grow the map with negative movements of the left and top edge, and with positive movements of the right and bottom edge. Shrink the map with the opposite movements.
All entry fields start out with a default value of zero, indicating that the corresponding map edge should remain unchanged.
This box shows the map size before any edges were moved.
This box shows the effective map size if the current values in the Move Edges box were to take effect.
1. When you choose OK to close the dialog, the new map dimensions shown in New Size will be checked against the valid range of 1 to 10,000 sites. A message will notify you if the new width or height is outside the valid range, and the dialog will stay open.
2. If the new map size would cause the deletion of any site contents other than the default terrain stack, another message will appear and request that you confirm the operation.


{% extends "newsapp/base_index.html" %} {# NOTE: need to add the search function for the general tab, which is a form. So context will have to be changed, as well as the index views.py thereof, and forms.py #} {% block search %} {% endblock search %} {% block menu %}
{% endblock menu %} {% block general %}You haven't selected or customized any newsflow.
{% endblock general %} {% block analytics %}


The first thing you need to decide is: should you use the API or the SPI?
The API is intended for client modules which are already doing some useful computation, like for example the Audit module. It will analyze the user's source code and inform the user of problems. It may also as a side effect add Suggestions into the Suggestions Window for some of the problems it encounters. This is a typical API usage of the TaskList APIs.
The SPI is intended for client modules who want to provide suggestions to the Suggestions window, and these suggestions are unrelated to other tasks performed by the module. The SPI classes provide convenience classes for this, where common scenarios (like providing suggestions for the current document in the editor or the currently selected node in the IDE) are tracked automatically, and even the provider class itself is only created when the Suggestions Window itself is made visible.
There are three critical classes you should be aware of:
In addition to the above classes, there is also the concept of a SuggestionType. It does not have a corresponding class; SuggestionTypes are simply registered via the layer file. Each Suggestion is considered to have an associated SuggestionType. For example, the three suggestions
To use the TaskList APIs, you should add a dependency on the tasklist-api module in your manifest.mf file:
OpenIDE-Module-Module-Dependencies: org.netbeans.api.tasklist/1 > 1.0If you want your module to -require- that the Suggestions window module is available, you can also add this:
OpenIDE-Module-Requires: org.netbeans.api.tasklist.SuggestionManager
Proceed to either the API or SPI packages to get more information on how to add Suggestions to the Suggestions Window.


OpenNode2 (ON2) is the free, tried-and-true choice for your next generation Exchange Network Node. It is used at over 30 agencies of all sizes and is the trusted choice for automating data exchange either state-to-state or with the EPA’s Central Data Exchange (CDX). OpenNode2 comes pre-packaged with a variety of plugins for the commons data flows. It is available for deployment in either a .Net or Java environment.
More information can be found on the Windsor Solutions OpenNode2 page.
Subscribe to Our Newsletter
Are you interested in keeping up-to-date on all of OpenNode2 news? Subscribe to our low-traffic informational mailing list! Typically, we’ll post whenever we have a new releaser, a plugin has been signficantly updated or an entirely new plugin is added to the project.
Download Documentation
We have put together an impressive amout of documentation for both versions of OpenNode2 as well as implementation guides for all of the available plugins. This is the first place to start if you’re setting up a new installation, implementing a new plugin or updating an existing flow.
Who Maintains this Project?
OpenNode2 is maintained by Windsor Solutions on behalf of the Environmental Council of the States (ECOS). This is an open source project and is licensed under a BSD License (3 clause).
For questions or support, contact us at OpenNode2:
- email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>


Classification of English words in terms of their difficulty levels. We are expected to classify English words
in terms of their difficult levels. The data set include 11,998 English words which has 12 classes: 1(easy) to 12(difficult).
Feature Engineering is carried out to search effective features that well represent difficulty levels of the English words.
Then, Support Vector Machine (SVM)
finds decision boundary of the classification problem.
Support Vector Machine (SVM)
SVC


Map Explorer is a freely available tool to explore Line-of-Sight (LOS) on maps for the D&D Miniatures Skirmish game.
| 2010-08-22 | There was a small error with misplaced difficult terrain on the Mushroom Cavern map file. Here is an updated version. Thanks to The_Duke for pointing this out. |
| 2010-07-04 | Fixed the problem in the online version (wrong php version). |
| 2010-07-03 | I just noticed that the online version does not work any more. I'm investigating the problem. |
| 2008-05-02 | I'm working on an online version of MapExplorer. This is far from finished, but you can check it out here. |
| 2008-04-25 | The rules for forest have changed. Note that Map Explorer still uses the old rules. |
| 2007-11-19 | Updated the test version. |
| 2007-02-28 | Diagonal walls support still proceeding at a snail's pace. For the daring, there's a preview here. |
| 2007-01-02 | I currently have almost no time to work on map explorer, so implementing diagonal
walls for the Frostfell Rift maps will have to wait. 20070102 is just a small patch to remove the hardcoded Vassal mod file name. You can now set the name of the Vassal mod file in mapexplorer.properties . For example, to continue using the older mod file, add
mapexplorer.images=DDM_1-11-1.mod to your mapexplorer.properties .
The default name is now DDM_1-11-2.mod .
|
| 2006-12-05 | Version 20061205-1 can now display a map image instead of the somewhat blocky graphics. This looks much nicer, but the terrain features may be harder to see. To use this you need to download the current DDM Mod for the Vassal engine and place it in the Map Explorer directory. The file should be named DDM_1-11-1.mod. (download link). |
| 2006-09-19 | Here is the Underground Grotto map from the Gargantuan Black Dragon. Thanks to Jai for contributing this. |
| Version 20061205 on Solaris |
Version 20051209 on Windows |
Version 20051201 on Linux |
Version 20051224 on Mac OS-X |
Version 20071119-test on the EeePc |
Online Version on Android |
You need a Java 5 Runtime Environment to run Map Explorer. One way to check this is to enter
java -version
on the command line. It should print something like this:
java version "1.5.0_04" Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_04-b05) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_04-b05, mixed mode, sharing)
The version number in the first line of the output must at least be 1.5.xxx. If it is 1.3.xxx or 1.4.xxx you need a more recent Java version.
Download the current version of Map Explorer: MapExplorer-20070102. (Version history, source)
Unzip the archive. It will create a Directory MapExplorer
containing the program and the maps.
On Windows Systems, you can start Map Explorer by double-clicking
MapExplorer.bat
.
On UNIX or Linux, user the mapexplorer
shell script.
Known bugs and possible improvements and future extensions: TO-DO list.
If you'd like to make your own maps, here's a definition of the map file format.


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: "[庆祝]毕业论文答辩获得优秀" author: Leask author_login: leask author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: https://leaskh.com wordpress_id: 205 wordpress_url: http://leaskh.wordpress.com/2009/05/25/%e5%ba%86%e7%a5%9d%e6%af%95%e4%b8%9a%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%e7%ad%94%e8%be%a9%e8%8e%b7%e5%be%97%e4%bc%98%e7%a7%80 date: '2009-05-25 05:21:30 +0800' date_gmt: '2009-05-25 05:21:30 +0800' categories: tags: [] comments: [] ---


10 THINGS I HATE ABOUT YOU
** 1/2 (out of 4) - an enjoyable movie
Release Date: March 31, 1999 Starring: Heath Ledger, Julia Stiles, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Larisa Oleynik, Andrew Keegan, David Krumholtz, Larry Miller Directed by: Gil Junger Distributed by: Buena Vista Pictures MPAA Rating: PG-13 (crude sex-related humor and dialogue and alcohol and drug-related scenes all involving teens) URL: http://www.execpc.com/~kinnopio/reviews/1999/10things.htm
Good ol' William Shakespeare. Ya gotta give the guy credit.
First, he's an awfully prolific writer, turning out more performances than Mel Brooks.  (And we're not talking about any old "one fish two fish red fish blue fish" junk; we're talking about sonnets the length of a Bible that nobody understands but everyone pretends to.) And third, people still read his stuff today, and, on the outside, they make a couple movies about it now and then.
The latest of these is an adaptation of the Bard's romantic comedy, THE TAMING OF THE SHREW, otherwise known as veteran TV director Gil Junger's 10 THINGS I HATE ABOUT YOU. Interestingly enough, the movie has a twofold purpose, which hints at an intelligence not normally found in teen comedies such as this. First, Junger's film begs to be stood against Shakespearean movies which display a mastery of the English language and use to inspire laughter, tears, and thought. Second, Junger's film begs to be stood against the trite genre of the teen romance, which boasts unworthy competition like SHE'S ALL THAT and ROMEO + JULIET. In both respects, the movie makes great strides.
In regards to the first of the two marks, the script is written not only intelligently and articulately, but also with a story to tell. The Karen Lutz and Kirsten Smith script takes a straightforward romantic idea -- girl can't date unless undesireable sister does, boy interested in girl hires other boy to date sister, other boy and sister fall in love -- and front-loads it with clever English. Unlike 1996's ROMEO + JULIET, however, the movie does not distract with such poetic dialogue; instead, it adds to the movie's value as a witty comedy. And wit is most definitely the best way to present a teen romance.
The teen romance -- the second of the two areas for 10 THINGS to cover -- is also better than usual. Our boy Cameron (Joseph Gordon-Levitt, who's really a wimp for most of the movie) is interested in the lovely Bianca Stratford (Larisa Oleynik), but Bianca can't date unless her less-than-desireable sister Kat (Julia Stiles) does. So Cameron, with the help of his friend Michael (David Krumholtz), goes about hiring a date for Kat. They succeed in getting outcast Patrick Verona (Heath Legder), and thus the plot is in motion. The plot itself does not make the movie succeed, but instead, the fresh approach does. New faces outweight the clichés (like the oily KARATE KID-esque villain or the predictable falling-out between Kat and Patrick), and almost every actor present has talent.
So 10 THINGS I HATE ABOUT YOU succeeds at both of the paths it tries, and for this it's a most welcome entry into contemporary cinema. Definitely a worthwhile flick, and definitely the best date flick of the year thus far.
all contents © 1999 Craig Roush
-- Craig Roush<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-- Kinnopio's Movie Reviews http://www.execpc.com/~kinnopio
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Guidance
Rules for organisations that receive funding for the delivery of training or end-point assessment of apprenticeship standards for 2016 to 2017.
PDF , 436KB , 43 pages
If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a version of this document in a more accessible format, please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>. Please tell us what format you need. It will help us if you say what assistive technology you use.
This document sets out the funding rules for apprenticeship standards that start between 1 August 2016 and 31 July 2017.
The rules form part of the terms and conditions of the funding agreement between the Skills Funding Agency (SFA), and providers and employers who receive funding directly from the SFA for apprenticeship standard provision. This includes both those involved in the training and the assessment of apprentices.
This document is supported by, and must be read in conjunction with, the following publications.
Published: 28 January 2016
Updated: 23 March 2016
From: Skills Funding Agency
Part of: SFA funding rules: 2016 to 2017


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increased tendency for person to develop clood clots
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thrombotic risk = accumulation of factors
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Virchow’s triad
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circulatory stasis
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AF
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LV dysfunction
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immobility/paralysis
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venous insufficiency/varicose veins
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venous obstruction: tumour, obesity, pregnancy
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hypercoagulability
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malignnacy
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pregnancy/peripartum
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oestrogen
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trauma/surgery
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IBD
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nephrotic syndrome
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sepsis
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thrombophilia
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vascular wall injury
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trauma/surgery
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venepuncture
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chemical irritation
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heart valve disease/replacement
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atherosclerosis
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indwelling catheters
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risk factors for VTE
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strong (OR >10)
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fracture (hip or leg)
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hip or knee replacement
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major general surgery
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major trauma
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spinal cord injury
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Moderate (OR 2-9)
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Arthroscopic knee surgery
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Central venous lines
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chemotherapy
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CHF/Resp failure
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HRT
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malignancy
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COCP
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paralytic stroke
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pregnancy/postpartum
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previous VTE
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inherited thrombophilia
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Weak (\<2)
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bed rest >3d
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immobility
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increase age
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laparoscopic surgery
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obesity
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pregnancy
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varicose veins
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testing rarely indicated
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specific situations where ‘results alter managements’
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people presenting @ young age with unprovoked venous thrombosis
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positive fami ly history
- 2 or more symptomatic first degree family members
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children with purpura fulminans
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progressive haemorrhagic skin necrosis
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Protein C & S deficiency
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some pregnant women
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thrombopihilia screen
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Factor V leiden
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prothrombin gene mutation
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antithrombin
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Protein C and protein S
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lupus anticoagulant screen
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don’t test:
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in acute phase of thrombotic event
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Family history for thrombosis
- FV leidien and prothrombin gene mutation = low risk
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taking oestrogen containing hormone preparations
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Head of Engineering
EA Chillingo - Macclesfield, UKAs Chillingo’s first employee I helped it grow to become the one of the most successful smartphone game publishers in the world, producing titles such as Angry Birds and Cut the Rope across all mobile platforms. I architected the Crystal social gaming platform, which was key to Chillingo's acquisition by Electronic Arts in 2010 and developed entirely in-house. As our external developers increased in size and their back-end systems became complex I established a Due Diligence process to provide technical oversight and certification.
Accomplishments
- Designed and developed a 30m user social gaming platform for iOS and Android
- Designed and developed a patented cross promotional network, driving over 3m installs to date
- Oversaw the server implementation for over 40 distinct game projects across all major back-end technologies
Responsibilities
- Leadership of Chillingo's in-house development team producing our own cross-promotion, social and compliance systems
- Ownership of Chillingo's technical roadmap and strategy for both internal technologies partner solutions
- Technical oversight and consultancy for all external suppliers to ensure scalability, security and reliability
- Legal support for all projects, including a legal compliance SDK and technical investigations for litigation cases