UTC -5
Voltage: 120 V
Frequency: 60 Hz
Everything closes down by 6pm and nothing is open on Sunday.
Cayman Islands dollar (CI$)
The Cayman dollar is tied to the US dollar at a fixed parity of $CI1 = $US1.25.
The US dollar is widely accepted and so are most credit cards (not American Express).
International dialing code for Cayman Islands is +1 345.
Contact your cell phone provider to make sure that they offer phone coverage in the Cayman Islands. Find out if you can be upgraded to internationa roaming or look into renting a cell phone or SIM card to use with your personal cell phone if your cellular company does not offer coverage in the Cayman Islands.
There are no area codes in the Cayman Islands, so simply dial the phone number.
Digicel update December 2014:
Anyone cruising through the islands using Digicel should be aware that you cannot top up a sim from one island in another as used to be able to. So if for example you want to use the sim bought here while cruising through other islands, you should either put on a large enough sum to cover your needs, or you can set up an account and do it online, but you cannot get it topped up in another island.
You can top-up Digicel at https://online-top-up.digicelgroup.com/
Northwest Caribbean Net, 1400 UTC 6209 USB, alternates 6212 and 6516, 7 days/wk. Generally covers Providencia north to Mexico on the Carib side, including Providencia, San Andreas, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica and the Caymans. They often follow boats all the way home to Key West through Galveston on the US coast, and sometimes boats heading south will continue to check in down to Panama, but not often.
Batabano: Carnival weekend, last week of April/beginning of May
Cayman Brac has Brachanal the following Saturday.
Million Dollar Month: June, sport-fishing tournament.
Pirates Week: end October/beginning of November. Eleven days of music, street dances, costumes, games, food and drink, "pirate invasion", Kids Day, glittering parade, sports events, Heritage Days, fireworks! Find out more here.
Emergency Telephone Numbers in The Cayman Islands
Grand Cayman
Cayman Brac
Little Cayman
IMRAY AND ADLARD COLES PILOT BOOKS are available at a discounted price for Noonsite.com users via World Cruising Club
A Cruising Guide to the Cayman Islands 2.0 - Nov 2015
Author: Frank Virgintino
Available free from www.freecruisingguide.com or on Kindle from Amazon or any EPub store.
Covering Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac as well as Little Cayman.
A Thinking Mans Guide to Voyages South - the many facets of Caribbean Cruising
Author: Frank Virgintino
Published: 3rd Edition January 2013
ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>847
Available as a Kindle version at www.amazon.com as well as other EPub bookstores.
The latest edition of this route planner is larger than ever. For more details see this report
Cruising Guide to the Caribbean
By William T. Stone and Anne M. Hays
Publisher: Sheridan House. Rev Rep edition (August 21, 1998)
ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>579
Noonsite welcomes information and updates especially regarding clearance, customs and immigration procedures from cruisers visiting this country.
Please E-mail noonsite with any new information, updates or corrections. Even just a short email confirming that the current data is accurate would be most helpful.


A review by John Beachem
* * * 1/2
CAST Liam Neeson - Dr. David Marrow Lili Taylor - Eleanor Vance Catherine Zeta-Jones - Theo Owen Wilson - Luke Sannerson
Before entering "The Haunting", it's important for the viewer to consider what kind of movie they're looking for. If it's a terrifying horror movie, look elsewhere. If it's a special effects extravaganza with fine acting and some of the best sets ever seen, this is the movie to see. It should also be noted that as a remake of the chilling original, the film is not quite up to par. If taken on its own merits however, this is a rather fun, brainless summer movie.
Dr. David Marrow is a professor whose speciality is fear. Taking a group of subjects consisting of the timid Eleanor; the perky, gorgeous Theo, and the goofy Owen, he travels to Hill House. Hill House is a tremendous mansion in the middle of nowhere which has a rather checkered past (I don't want to say more, as further explanation would be a spoiler). Dr. Marrow does not, however, tell the group that they are there to examine the effects of fear. They are supposedly there to cure the insomnia experienced by the group. Upon reaching the house, it slowly dawns on the three, and eventually on Dr. Marrow, that the house is indeed haunted, and out for their blood. The house seems to take a special interest in Eleanor. As the nights go by, the house becomes more and more dangerous.
I was rather disappointed at the bad reviews this recieved (except from the always reliable Roger Ebert). So many critics seemed to grade this based entirely on how it compared to the original. If viewed on its own merits, I found this to be quite an enjoyable film. The acting is quite good, although the characters really are underwritten. The standout in my opinion is Liam Neeson, but I've always been a fan of his. The one person I was not so impressed by was Lili Taylor, though she seems to be receiving all the praise from other critics.
The greatest part of this film is amazingly not the visuals, though they are impressive. It is the house itself, that steals the show. Filled with long, dark corridors which seem to lead to nowhere, and are filled with chilling (and sometimes moving!) statues, the house is truly awe inspiring. The fireplace, and its possible denizens, is one of the few truly frightening parts of the film.
This brings us to the flaws, and there are quite a few of them. As I mentioned before, the characters are very underwritten. We know nothing about Dr. Marrow, Theo, or Owen, and very little about Eleanor. The dialagoue is, at times, positively abysmal. For example, Liam Neeson climbs a very rickety flight of stairs to help an apparently suicidal Eleanor. The stairs collapse, all over the place, and Owen points at them, open mouthed saying "Look, the stairs are falling." My only other really major complaint is the film's end, which was really quite terrible. Eleanor confronts the evil spirit in a huge (but strangely disappointing)special effects event, while spouting out some sort of strange speech about family values!
As I stated earlier, do not see this film if you want a terrifying horror movie. It simply doesn't inspire much fear. However, I do reccomend it simply to see the amazing, bone chilling sets. For this, some fine visual effects, and some good acting, "The Haunting" earns three and a half stars.
* * * * * - One of the greatest movies ever made, see it now. * * * * - Great flick. Try and catch this one. * * * - Okay movie, hits and misses. * * - Pretty bad. See it if you've got nothing better to do. * - One of the worst movies ever. See it only if you enjoy pain.
E-mail with comments at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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APIError |
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AuthFailed |
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public static final int |
BadArguments |
-8 |
public static final int |
BadVersion |
-103 |
public static final int |
ConnectionLoss |
-4 |
public static final int |
DataInconsistency |
-3 |
public static final int |
InvalidACL |
-114 |
public static final int |
InvalidCallback |
-113 |
public static final int |
MarshallingError |
-5 |
public static final int |
NoAuth |
-102 |
public static final int |
NoChildrenForEphemerals |
-108 |
public static final int |
NodeExists |
-110 |
public static final int |
NoNode |
-101 |
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NotEmpty |
-111 |
public static final int |
Ok |
0 |
public static final int |
OperationTimeout |
-7 |
public static final int |
RuntimeInconsistency |
-2 |
public static final int |
SessionExpired |
-112 |
public static final int |
SystemError |
-1 |
public static final int |
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-6 |
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auth |
100 |
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check |
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closeSession |
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create |
1 |
public static final int |
createSession |
-10 |
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delete |
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error |
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exists |
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getACL |
6 |
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getChildren |
8 |
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getChildren2 |
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getData |
4 |
public static final int |
multi |
14 |
public static final int |
notification |
0 |
public static final int |
ping |
11 |
public static final int |
sasl |
102 |
public static final int |
setACL |
7 |
public static final int |
setData |
5 |
public static final int |
setWatches |
101 |
public static final int |
sync |
9 |
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public static final int |
ADMIN |
16 |
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ALL |
31 |
public static final int |
CREATE |
4 |
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DELETE |
8 |
public static final int |
READ |
1 |
public static final int |
WRITE |
2 |
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public static final String |
ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_CNXN_SOCKET |
"zookeeper.clientCnxnSocket" |
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We are experienced in all kind of automotive services. It includes various level of regular service, transmission, breaks all kind of engine related works. We offer flexible pick up and drop off, loan cars and late night working hours.
Drift Moto Pty Ltd is located just about 20km west from Melbourne CBD and only 5 minutes from the M80 freeways. It is a fully licensed automotive workshop and equipped of servicing all kind of motor vehicles. It employed fully qualified and experienced motor mechanics per the Australian Automotive regulatory board standard. We have gained a very high reputation for quality customer service. We deliver what we promise.
We care about our impact on customers. We always aspire to lead by example and improve ourselves continuously by welcoming feedback.
We honour our principles and values, and they are evident in all we do. We deliver what we promise. We do not take shot cuts in conducting our affairs.
We conduct ourselves and our business with due care and in accordance with relevant laws and regulations in Australia. We have an overriding duty to ensure the health and safety of our employees, and to minimise the health, safety and environmental impacts on our customers and the communities in which we operate.


Here you'll learn about the wonderful person known as Wade.
I have many hobbies. Most of them revolve around my passion for nature. I enjoy wildlife photography and birdwatching. Every time that I go birdwatching, I bring a camera. Here are some of my favorite shots:
I also enjoy hunting and fishing. My personal best Largemouth Bass weighed 5lbs 7oz. One of my favorite places to go trout fishing is the White River in Arkansas. When we fish the white river, we use Cotter Trout Dock.


Auth package
The Auth package provides a standardized interface for authentication in Fuel. This allows our users to write their own drivers and easily integrate a new driver to work with old code by keeping the basic methods consistent.
SimpleAuth
Usage example
This is a small example to illustrate how to use Auth with the simpleauth driver
This assumes that you have the following table created at your database.
CREATE TABLE `simpleusers` (
`id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY ,
`username` VARCHAR( 50 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL ,
`password` VARCHAR( 255 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL ,
`group` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 ,
`email` VARCHAR( 255 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL ,
`last_login` VARCHAR( 25 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL ,
`login_hash` VARCHAR( 255 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL ,
`profile_fields` TEXT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL ,
UNIQUE (
`username` ,
`email`
)
)
This is a sample login action
public function action_login()
{
$data = array();
if($_POST)
{
// Ok, you pressed the submit button. let's go over
// first of all, let's get a auth object
$auth = Auth::instance();
// check the credentials. This assumes that you have the previous table created
if($auth->login($_POST['username'],$_POST['password']))
{
// credentials ok, go right in
Response::redirect('success_page');
}
else
{
// Oops, no soup for you. try to login again.
// Set some values to repopulate the username field and give some error text back to the view
$data['username'] = $_POST['username'];
$data['login_error'] = 'Wrong username/password combo. Try again';
}
}
// Show the login form
echo View::factory('owl/login',$data);
}


CRShare index page. If you want to upload file, make a post request to crshare.xyz/upload with file in the body. Example json body; { "file":"path/to/file.png" }


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load clippy %} {% block title %}{% if not success %}Welcome{% else %}Your URL was successfully shortened!{% endif %}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Your URL was successfully shortened!
{{ long_url }}
became
{{ short_url|urlize }}
{% clippy short_url "#F1EDE4" %}
Drag this to your bookmark bar:
Shorten with {{ current_site.name }}


The Internet is a good place to be terrible at stuff
I should probably rephrase. The internet is a great place to be terrible at things if you're willing to listen when needed and to work at it. The sum of human knowledge is at our fingertips, on our smartphones, waiting for us on our tablets (even on our fridges, yeah, wtf).
The amount of learning you can possibly do in a day is overwhelming at times.


About
the Project
This is a project to develop a cross-platform pythonic GUI
API. The goals of this project are:
- Develop a GUI API that is
designed specifically for Python, taking advantage of Python's unique
language features and
working smoothly with Python's data types.
- Provide implementations of the API for the three
major platforms (Unix, Macintosh and Windows) that are small and
lightweight, interposing as little code as possible between the Python
application and the platform's underlying GUI facilities, and not
bloating the Python installations or applications which use them.
- Document the API purely in Python terms, so that
the programmer does not need to read the documentation for another
GUI library, in terms of another language, and translate into
Python.
- Get the library and its documentation included in
the core Python distribution, so that truly cross-platform
GUI applications may be written that will run on any Python
installation, anywhere.
|
Latest Version - 2.5.4 Now works with Python 3 on MacOSX and Windows!
(Python
3 support for Gtk will have to wait until Gtk 3 and related libraries
are stable and up to speed with GObject Introspection.)
The ScrollableView class has been completely reimplemented on Windows and should now work properly with all builds of PyWin32.
Browse
Screenshots
Documentation Includes tutorial material, example code and API reference
CHANGES
Download
PyGUI-2.5.4.tar.gz
Last updated 25 Mar 2017
This version includes three implementations:
- MacOSX
- requires PyObjC
(tested with PyObjC-1.2 on Tiger, PyObjC-2.3 on Snow Leopard)
- Linux
- requires pygtk
(tested with pygtk-2.14.0 and Gtk+-2.14.7)
- Windows
- requires pywin32
(tested with pywin32-213) and ctypes
(included with Python 2.5 and later)
Python versions required: - Python 2: 2.3 or later
- Python 3: 3.1 or later
To use the OpenGL facilities, you will need PyOpenGL,
and, for the Gtk version, GtkGLExt
and PyGtkGLExt.
Obsolete
Versions
Examples
Example application: blobedit.py
You may also find the contents of the Tests folder in the
distribution useful as a source of example code.
DiscussionPyGUI Mailing List -- for all discussion relating to the development and use of PyGUI.
The PyObjC,
PyGtk
and PyWin32
mailing lists may also be appropriate for platform-specific issues.
Acknowledgements
Some
parts of the Windows implementation are based on contributions by
Patrick Forget and Erez-Sh. Even though I didn't use much of their code
in the end, I appreciate their efforts and may draw more from it in the
future.
|


LAW
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Vdgraph: Variance dispersion graphs and Fraction of design space plots
for response surface designs
Uses a modification of the published FORTRAN code in "A Computer Program for Generating Variance Dispersion Graphs" by G. Vining, Journal of Quality Technology, Vol. 25 No. 1 January 1993, to produce variance dispersion graphs. Also produces fraction of design space plots, and contains data frames for several minimal run response surface designs.
| Version: |
2.2-2 |
| Published: |
2014-12-13 |
| Author: |
John Lawson, with contributions from G. Vining |
| Maintainer: |
John Lawson <lawson at byu.edu> |
| License: |
GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: |
yes |
| In views: |
ExperimentalDesign |
| CRAN checks: |
Vdgraph results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Vdgraph
to link to this page.


For tests that modify the DOM, we can use the #qunit-fixture element. We can put static markup in there and have each test use that or we can leave it empty and have each test append the elements it needs, without having to worry about removing them. QUnit will automatically reset the innerHTML property of the #qunit-fixture element after each test to the initial value. If jQuery is available, QUnit uses jQuery�s html() method instead, which also cleans up jQuery event handlers


Set Expansion Solution¶
Overview¶
Term set expansion is the task of expanding a given partial set of terms into a more complete set of terms that belong to the same semantic class. This solution demonstrates the capability of a corpus-based set expansion system in a simple web application.
Algorithm Overview¶
Our approach is described by (Mamou et al, 2018) [1]. It is based on representing any term of a training corpus using word embeddings in order to estimate the similarity between the seed terms and any candidate term. Noun phrases provide good approximation for candidate terms and are extracted in our system using a noun phrase chunker. At expansion time, given a seed of terms, the most similar terms are returned.
Flow¶
Training¶
Requirements¶
Install solution extra packages:
pip install -r solutions/set_expansion/requirements.txt
The first step in training is to prepare the data for generating a word embedding model. We provide a subset of English Wikipedia at datasets/wikipedia as a sample corpus under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike 3.0 License (Copyright 2018 Wikimedia Foundation). The output of this step is the marked corpus where noun phrases are marked with the marking character (default: “_”) as described in the NLP Architect Noun Phrase to Vec module documentation. The pre-process script supports using NLP Architect noun phrase extractor which uses an LSTM chunker model or using spaCy’s own noun phrases matcher. This is done by running:
python solutions/set_expansion/prepare_data.py --corpus TRAINING_CORPUS --marked_corpus MARKED_TRAINING_CORPUS
optional arguments:
--corpus CORPUS path to the input corpus. Compressed files (gz) are
also supported. By default, it is a subset of English
Wikipedia.
--marked_corpus MARKED_CORPUS
path to the marked corpus.
--mark_char MARK_CHAR
special character that marks NPs in the corpus (word
separator and NP suffix). Default value is _.
--grouping perform noun-phrase grouping
--chunker {spacy,nlp_arch}
chunker to use for detecting noun phrases. 'spacy' for
using spacy built-in chunker or 'nlp_arch' for NLP
Architect NP Extractor
The next step is to train the model using NLP Architect Noun Phrase to Vec module. For set expansion, we recommend the following values 100, 10, 10, 0 for respectively, size, min_count, window and hs hyperparameters. Please refer to the np2vec module documentation for more details about these parameters.
python examples/np2vec/train.py --size 100 --min_count 10 --window 10 \
--hs 0 --corpus MARKED_TRAINING_CORPUS --np2vec_model_file MODEL_PATH \
--corpus_format txt
A pretrained model
on English Wikipedia dump (enwiki-20171201-pages-articles-multistream.xml.bz2
) is available under
Apache 2.0 license. It has been trained with hyperparameters values
recommended above. Full English Wikipedia raw corpus and
marked corpus
are also available under the
Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike 3.0 License.
A pretrained model with grouping on the same English Wikipedia dump is also available under Apache 2.0 license. It has been trained with hyperparameters values recommended above. Marked corpus is also available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike 3.0 License.
Inference¶
The inference step consists of expanding given seed terms into a set of terms that belong to the same semantic class. It can be done in two ways:
Running a python script:
python solutions/set_expansion/set_expand.py --np2vec_model_file MODEL_PATH --topn TOPN
Web application
Loading the expand server with the trained model:
python solutions/set_expansion/expand_server.py [--host HOST] [--port PORT] [--similarity SIMILARITY] model_path positional arguments: model_path a path to the w2v model file optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --host HOST set port for the server --port PORT set port for the server --grouping grouping mode --similarity SIMILARITY similarity threshold --chunker {spacy,nlp_arch} spacy chunker or 'nlp_arch' for NLP Architect NP Extractor
The expand server gets requests containing seed terms, and expands them based on the given word embedding model. You can use the model you trained yourself in the previous step, or to provide a pre-trained model you own. The similarity argument is the threshold to use for the annotation feature, see its description in the UI section below.
Note
default server will listen on http://localhost:1234 . If you set the host/port you should also set it in the
nlp_architect/solutions/set_expansion/ui/settings.py
file.Run the UI application:
python solutions/solutions/start_ui.py --solution set_expansion
You can also load the UI application as a server on different address/port using the following command:
python solutions/solutions/start_ui.py --solution set_expansion --address=<IP_ADDRESS> --port=1010
The UI is a simple web based application for communicating with the server and performing expansion and annotation.
Expansion
The UI communicates with the server by sending it seed terms to expand, and presenting the results in a simple table. An export option is available for downloading the results as a csv file. Selecting seed terms to expand is done by either directly type in the terms to expand or by selecting terms from the model vocabulary list. After expand results are available, the user can select terms from the results list (hold the Ctrl key for multiple selection) and perform re-expansion.
Text Annotation
The annotation feature allows you to annotate free text with similar terms comparing to the seed list (the default similarity threshold is 0.5, and can be set by the expand server —similarity argument). After selecting the Text Annotation checkbox, a text input is available for the user to type in text to annotate:
Grouping
In order to set the UI to work in grouping mode the user should set grouping=True in the ui/settings.py file. This mode is available just in case the model was trained with the grouping flag and in addition the server (expand_server.py) was loaded with the grouping flag. Click on a phrase in the vocabulary list in order to observe its group.
References¶
| [1] | Term Set Expansion based on Multi-Context Term Embeddings: an End-to-end Workflow, Jonathan Mamou, Oren Pereg, Moshe Wasserblat, Ido Dagan, Yoav Goldberg, Alon Eirew, Yael Green, Shira Guskin, Peter Izsak, Daniel Korat, COLING 2018 System Demonstration paper. |
| [2] | Term Set Expansion based NLP Architect by Intel AI Lab, Jonathan Mamou, Oren Pereg, Moshe Wasserblat, Alon Eirew, Yael Green, Shira Guskin, Peter Izsak, Daniel Korat, EMNLP 2018 System Demonstration paper. |


--- layout: newsstory title: News Story match: Burton 0 Yeltz 0 ---
Halesowen come away from big-spending (well, you know!) Burton with a creditable 0-0 draw, leaving The Yeltz in 4th place.


The pages in this directory are simple HTML forms, with no external dependencies, that let the user create an account and log in.
Current status:


stripe
/
com.stripe.android
/
CustomerSession
/
cachedCustomer
cachedCustomer
val
cachedCustomer
:
Customer
?
A cached
Customer
, or
null
if the current customer has expired.


Jumping into a new language, a new framework, and a new set of tools is overwhelming! But the best way to learn is to be utterly crushed by the technology, then have friends pick up the pieces. Once you've seen a good broad overview of what's available, you're more capable of finding resources on your own. Here is my chronological step by step guide to getting bootstrapped.
I don't have an iPhone (yet). One criteria for me to buy the iPhone is whether developing for the device is fun. You'd think this would prevent me from developing, but Apple's iPhone SDK includes an emulator. The SDK is a huge, so start downloading right now.
1 hour+
While you wait, check out Apple's video overviews. They're really slim on technical content, but help familiarize you with how the frameworks are organized. I read the documents with the videos playing the in background. The videos are too slow paced to watch by themselves.
2 hour chunks until your brain goes numb
After you get sick of the market-speak hype, familiarize yourself with the patterns and concepts behind Objective-C and the Cocoa framework.
3 hours
Understanding the lifecycle of an iPhone application can help you understand how the different pieces of an app fits together.
1 hour
Watching a lot of videos and reading a lot of documents is a good start, but it really doesn't stick until you apply it. At this point, I had to struggle with the language, the framework, Xcode, and Interface Builder. To keep your sanity, I recommend working through Apple's sample projects. If you get bored, I recommend flipping through Appsamuck for some good examples.
Each apps takes about an hour to go through
I'm very lucky to have my iPhone gurus Mike, Stephen, and Allen on hand to teach me best practices and tips and tricks as I go along. If anyone feels like doing a hack session for a few hours on weeknights, ping me at jch at this domain. I'll update this post with more useful bootstrapping links as I go along.


Stuff for sale!
This website contains cool things for you to purchase. We have stuff from different brands like Penny, Nike, and Vans. Our items includes Penny Skateboards, Van shoes, and Nike SB Stefan Janoski shoes. If you purchase our stuff for more than $500, we can get you free shipping to anywhere, and thats not it, next time you you buy stuff on this website, ALL THE ITEMS will be 25% OFF.


The React Context API allows you to easily access data at different levels of a component tree, without having to pass data down through props.
You’ll hear about these three main “levels” of state:
The name “Context” in this case just encapsulates the idea that you’re defining a subtree of components among which to share state, and you can define the top of that tree wherever you like.
Context API takes a more modular approach to state management, providing the storage piece and allowing any number of customized approaches to the rest of the architecture. It’s possible to build something that looks like Redux, but there are many other possibilities!
The Redux architecture as we know it can be broken down into these four pieces:
Provider
plus:
connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)
(older HOC
syntax)
useSelector
, useDispatch
(new hooks syntax)
Context API just implements #1, a shared store for a component and its children. A Context is just a shared container, that’s it. Unlike Redux, Context API is not a comprehensive state management solution and does not require the use of reducers, actions or action creators.
On its own, Context API is not a comprehensive application state
management system like Redux. However, it’s surprisingly powerful! We can
also store dispatch
or setter functions in a Context,
allowing components down the tree to not only read, but also update shared
state without any need for prop drilling.
Combining the useContext
and useReducer
hooks
can provide a powerful architecture that is similar to Redux in many ways,
and this is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to Redux due
to easier setup and the less opinionated nature of these built-in hooks.
But just remember that Context itself is nothing more than a way of
sharing state directly from a top level component to any of the child
components in its subtree.
This combination provides a lot of power and predictability for your state mangement, closely modeling the architecture of Redux. All the patterns we’ve been learning throughout this unit are the same here – actions, reducers, and a shared state container (context or store).
The useContext
& useReducer
architecture is
less opinionated than Redux, and you can choose to add as much abstraction
as you’d like but the standard approach is just a bit simpler than Redux.
Typically we’ll just consume values from the context with
useContext
as shown above, and dispatch actions to update the
context with useReducer
:
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);
// within a component:
<button onclick={() => dispatch({type: 'UPDATE_TITLE'})>Update</button>
It’s up to you to decide whether you’d like to define actions inline like this, or store them in a dedicated file (often a better choice). You could even recreate the action creators pattern and use the same abstractions as Redux, but using an unopinionated API like this means that those decisions are left up to you.
To share state among components, there are really two distinct problems to solve:
Here are three common approaches that we’ve now learned:
dispatch
) as propsmapStateToProps
or
useSelector
mapDispatchToProps
or useDispatch
to allow
components to dispatch these actions to the reducer.
useReducer
to the implementation and store
dispatch
in the Context (you’ll still have to write out
each dispatch
directly, no Redux-style abstraction
magic here unless you choose to build it yourself or integrate
another library that does so).
As you can see in the comparison above, React’s Context API is more of a
simple, modular approach with a very different design philosophy from
Redux. It can be used in a variety of ways – you’ll most likely want to
centralize all your shared state in a Context, but it’s up to you whether
you’d like to also store setter functions or dispatch
in the
Context, or just pass those as props when it makes sense. You’re always
welcome to mix and match, and the interface is also designed with multiple
Contexts in mind.
Rather than a single store with a big branching tree, you can consider each section of your application (auth, user profile, content feed, shop, etc) and create a local Context for each section, sharing state among that subtree of components. Often it makes sense to share state among some components, while simply passing props in another section of the app if there isn’t a lot of shared state. The freedom to mix and match is one of the best things about the Context approach.
It’s helpful to think of Context API as the “store” part of the architecture, allowing us to share state (and setter functions or dispatch) from the component at the top level of the context tree to any subcomponents that need that data, without having to pass the data through each level of the tree.
The setup of Context API is similar to Redux, just simpler. First we create a context (just like creating a store in Redux), and wrap our components with a Provider:
// Calling createContext creates a Provider and a Consumer
const FamilyContext = React.createContext();
function App() {
return (
<FamilyContext.Provider value={value}>
{" "}
// the value stored in our context can be any data type -- object, array, string,
number, etc.
<ChildComponent />
</FamilyContext.Provider>
);
}
Rather than connect
at the component level, React’s Context
API uses a more straightforward pattern of provider and consumer. We can
either wrap our view logic with a Consumer
or make things
easier by using the useContext
hook. Here are two ways to
consume a context:
// First way: wrap with Consumer, render props pattern
const Component = () => {
return (
<FamilyContext.Consumer>
{(value) =>
{value}
}
</FamilyContext.Consumer>
);
};
// Second way (nicer): useContext
function ChildComponent() {
const contextValue = useContext(AppContext);
return
{contextValue}
;
}
Redux is still the standard for managing application-level state in large, complex applications. Context API offers a simpler approach that works well for many smaller applications, with less setup time needed. If current trends continue, Context may grow so much in popularity that it eventually gains more robust functionality and replaces Redux in many large applications. These technologies are always evolving, so for now it’s just good to know both and understand the concepts through each lens. A year or two down the road when you may consider the best technology for a new application, everything will be totally different so it’s your deep understanding of the concepts and fundamentals that will really allow you to bring valuable insight to your team.
Here’s a quick comparison:
useContext
with
useReducer
, which together provide most of the Redux
pattern but with less overhead and more flexibility.
createStore
2) wrap entire application
with <Provider>
3) connect
components
createContext
2) wrap components
with <Provider>
3) consume with
Context.Consumer
or useContext


Dave Smith Instruments Prophet '08
Single Patch Editor
This editor will work with the Prophet '08 and Prophet '08 Desktop.
Communicating with Edisyn Set the MIDI channel to the same as being used in Edisyn. Set MParamSend to NRPN. Set M Param Rec to All or NRPN. Set MIDI Program to ON. Set MIDI Sysex to ON. And set MIDIParamLCD to ON.
Gotchas
- Even if MIDIParamLCD is set to ON, any real-time changes you make won't be reflected on the Prophet '08 LCD unless you first twiddle a knob so the Prophet '08 is in its eedit mode. I suggest twiddling the Misc Parameters Select knob.
- Additionally, even if MIDIParamLCD is on, and the Prophet '08 is displaying parameter edits, you won't see parameter changes from Layer B unless you press "Edit Layer B".
- If you change Key Sync for some LFO other than #1, the Key Sync light won't change properly, even if that LFO is currently selected on the Prophet '08 front panel. You have to press some other LFO button, then go back to the LFO in question to see the Key Sync button light properly.
| By
| Sean Luke
|
| Date
| June 2018
|


Cannabis, Opium, 2C-T-7, Mushrooms (P. cubensis) & Alcohol
I recently came across 2 2C-T-7 pills of approximately 12mg, that were just given to me by a friend. I researched them on the web and decided to try them dispite their shakey dosage, because they were definitely below what was considered a threshold dose. So me and my girlfriend took them, and a few minutes later my friend came by with some weed and some opium, so we smoked a bowl, topped it with o, and then rolled a blunt.
About 2 hours later I felt sort of strange, but I wouldn't consider it tripping. I had some shrooms I was saving, but I had taken a full 1/8 of the same shrooms before and tripped fairly hard. I remembered that the 2c-t7 site said that it greatly inhanced psilocybin, so we literally split A GRAM. We began watching a trippy dvd, and I couldn't tell if it was me or the video, so I tried closing my eyes. I was getting great closed eye visuals, with colors snapping into pictures almost like a slide show, and the tripping feeling was very intense. The strange part was that I was completely relaxed, almost to the pointof falling asleep. It was very pleasant to be able to enjoy the trip without having to get all antsy and start moving around.
I snapped out of my daydream and me and my girl realized we had been both doing the same thing. Once we realized it though we snapped out of it and the visuals were not as intense.  We walked around for a while and the tripping feeling pretty much left us, but the visuals remained. I can only attribute that to the shrooms wearing of and the 2c-t7 kicking in. The whole trip lasted about 10 hours. Also interesting to note, I drank a beer towards the end of the trip, and felt really drunk for about 5 to 10 min., the I was completely fine. Just thought I'd share, and I believe the opium let us sit back and enjoy the onset of the trip. As a word of caution, we took doses that alone were far below what is necsary to trip on either substance alone. I feel that had we split even a gram a piece the trip would have been EXTREMELY intense.
Anyway, be careful, fasten your seatbelts and enjoy your flight.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


ON AIR
- Active:
- Cued:
- License:
- Output:
Normal
Bypass
Black
Clean
Start Cued
Scheduled At
Triggers
Name
Description
Duration
- CONN
- CG OFF
- BYPASS
- BLACK
- F/OVR
- 1
- 2
- 3


OriginStamp Demo: JS Form Listener
Text Form
File Form
Sender
Text
Send me a copy of my data by email
Submit your data
Sender
File input
Send me a copy of my data by email
Submit your data


Welcome To My Portfolio
A selection of my favourite work, ranging from games to 3D modelling
Death From Below (Project 1, Game)
This was my first project we did in a team of 5 at unviersity, this took us 6 weeks and we had a finished version of the game with a few glithces as you can expect. This game is based in the fiery depths of hell in which you have to make your
way through the levels collecting coins and topping up your highscore whilst navigating the mazes and destroying any enemies that may be in your path. Collecting health pickups throughout the levels, make your way to the portal on the
other side of the maze to progress through the game. Be cautions, you only get one life, so make it count!
Skills that i gained in this project went from basic coding in scratch from creating some of the visual assets in photoshop for the game. This expanded my knowledge of photoshop a lot and also dove me a litle deeper into the world of
programming.
Infinitive Sketch (Project 2, Android App)
Infinitive sketch came about when a small group of students were set the task of making a drawing app for Android. As we went through the ropes of designing a skeumorphic design we then decided we preferred flat design, and is what you see
on the left of you, our flat design interface.
The actual app itself presents the user with the ability to do many things, the main ones we are proud of are:
- Opacity tool
- Background fill
- Eraser rubbs out to the same colour as background
- Rollover icons as you can see on the brush at the bottom
- Brush sizes, and of course our logo.
All in all this is an effective and working drawing app that we plan to release onto the Android market shortly. We designed this app using photoshop and coded it using
processing. This allowed for the effective creation of our drawing app. For this project i also gained a lot more skills than the first project. Along with a lot more photoshop for all of the icons you see hear on the right i also had
to do proper coding i.e. Processing Java. Using tools such as inner shadow and drop shadow, along with playing with the opacity i created an effective flat design for the app. Following that in processing i used coding to create rollover
buttons and an eraser tool. These were very basic to start with but i applied myself and practised and now i am learning to code effectively.
ECB CoPilot (Project 3, Android App)
For this project we were tasked to create a waypoint system for the building that we work in the the ECB. We were tasked to model the building and then create video paths aroudn the building in which users could view in order to find their
way around. The way we did this was by video rednering out of 3DS Max. The project itself was a simple idea but the work that had to be done was immense:
- Model the entire ECB building
- Make and design a low, mid and high user interface for the app
- Code the app so that all of the main aspects work
- Test for errors, bug bixing and usability with an audience as big as you could get
This proved to be a challenging but rewarding application in which we took our time with and made to a high standard in
order to get a good finished product.
3D Modelling (Some Of My Best & Favourites)
Throughout the developement of this app i worked long hours in order to get a good looking and effective app by the end of it. I used lots of tools in the development of my model such as extrude, bevel, chamfer, bridge, along with textures
by using the material editor i was then able to create realistic and effective looking models. To enhance this further i started using shortcuts to enable me to model faster and better enabling more time for other things.
Programming wise we used something called ControlP5 a library which enables its users to create effective user interfaces like you see for my app. This library included making the interface the certain colours we wanted, controlevents,
arrays and various other programming skills. All together we managed to develop a good working app that included some very technical skills involved.
The modelling itself was very enjoyable, and was one of my favourite modules over the course of the year, i felt like these few points are where i was most effective:
- Using a variey of different approaches
- Using many of the tools available
- Always do your research before beginning to model
- Working from memory s very off-putting, and working from an image or picture is much handier.
- Make the model as realistic to the object as you can.
Click 'Here' to go to my older YouTube channel and you can have a look and a render of my
models, doing a flythough of the building, which helped to piece together the ECB CoPilot app which we talked about above.
Kinetic Typography (How Bad Do You Want It)
For this project we were tasked to create a shortvideo using Kinetic Typography. We were allowed to choose which video we wanted to cover and i went for ET the Hip Hop preacher because i find him inspiring and a true spirit.
Kinetic Typography is when you take the visuals away from a video and add a text overlay instead, as and when the words are spoken so the people can read them. So for example as someone might say "Help" you read that on the screen. Admittedly
mine is only a simple one but none the less.
I made this using Adobe Premier, placing the video and then removing it leaving only the Audio. Then tediously went along listening and adding the words as he speaks them, leaving this YouTube video. Enjoy.


| DOSE: |
1 cig. |
smoked |
Cannabis |
(plant material) |
| |
1 line |
insufflated |
Cocaine |
(powder / crystals) |
| |
1 cig. |
smoked |
Cannabis |
(plant material) |
| |
|
smoked |
Cocaine |
(powder / crystals) |
| |
|
smoked |
Cannabis |
(plant material) |
It took me thirty seconds to reverse a lifelong stance on drugs. I had traditionally drawn the line at cannabis. Cocaine was a deadly mistress, and I had seen the devastating effects first hand when receiving news of my uncle's overdose and apparent suicide. I vowed to never touch anything beyond a joint. But I threw that all out the door after my friend offered me a ride on the white pony.  Our Grad Council had rented it out for a massive sum, and it was filled only by students and their guests. It was a situation that screamed desperation and excess at the same time. It wasn't exactly a rash decision. I had taken up marijuana after a two-year lapse, and had a desire to experiment with something else. Getting straight A's in school without trying left me bored. All I wanted was to feel excited for a change.
I felt the effects almost immediately. A powerful sense of clarity swept over me, and the cloud lingering from the joint I had smoked earlier was blown away. Everything about me surged with a feeling of raw power. My mind was sharp and aware, my body felt like it could perform any task. I proceeded out to the alleyway to smoke a joint referred to as a 'cocopuff' by the same friend, then returned inside when things really began to turn strange.
Some fellow graduating students were exposing themselves on the stage, and I passed along the dance floor to find some friends to talk to. But all the activity around me was really disorienting me, and I had extreme difficulty walking, so I layed down on a dirty couch. Despite the heat in the building, and the warm late-May night, I began to shiver profusely. I've looked into this and it doesn't seem to be a common effect of cocaine usage, so it puzzles me even more. But there I was, curled in a ball, trying desperately to keep warm.
I went outside and smoked a bowl to calm myself down, but it just caused some intense nasuea, so I decided to wash my face with cold water. Going to the drunk-infested washroom was a mistake. I was puked on by a guy I'll just call C, and that was all it took to create a fountain of vomit from myself. A friend found me and knew I was in a bad state, so put me in a taxi and sent me home. I don't remember the voyage, but I woke up the next morning feeling no worse for wear. The bad trip of the preceeding night was just a faint memory.
I had had bad trips before that event, and have had bad trips after it. It's a natural part of drug usage I think, it just has to do with set and setting. The unsettling part about my experience with this drug was the desire to do more. I still have a lingering desire to try cocaine again. I am willing myself not to, and know that nothing good can come from it, but my brain still rationalizes 'You owe yourself at least one more trip. It's only fair because the first one didn't work out, you need to try it again to get the proper effect before you can claim to have used the drug.' Perhaps one day while I am intoxicated I will be offered some again, and I doubt I will have the willpower to refuse given my current state. My fear of that is very real, and I wrote this to inform people curious about trying cocaine about that threat.
Parts of that trip were very fun, and I know that the bad trip happened mainly because I was surrounded my drunk people being jerks, and it was a very sketchy location. If I had been with friends in a comfortable place, I think it would've been a great experience.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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Dear %guest name%,
Unfortunately is your booking off %acco type description% %acco description% in %acco location% from %arrival% till %departure% cancelled.
Due to the moment of cancellation, from the rent %rent% you have to pay %cancel rent amount%.
The cancel administration costs are %cancel administration costs%.
I have received the following payments:
|
%pay due paid guest 1%
|
%pay amount paid guest 1%
|
|
%pay due paid guest 2%
|
%pay amount paid guest 2%
|
|
%pay due paid guest 3%
|
%pay amount paid guest 3%
|
Tomorrow I will transfer %total refund% to bank %guest bank% and bank account %guest bank account%.
Kind regards,
%owner name%
%own website%


Expert to women: How to choose your bras
by The Eagle OnlineA Gynaecologist at the Specialists’ Hospital, Bauchi, Dr. Habiba Ismail, has cautioned women on their choice of brassieres.
Ismail said the caution had become imperative in order for the women to allow free flow of blood to the breast region.
Ismail gave the advice on Tuesday in an interview with News Agency of Nigeria in Bauchi.
She said the use of brassieres that had iron “push up” now fashionable and trending, could impede blood circulation.
She said: “Brassieres with iron are trending but could cause harm to women.
“Women should use brassieres without iron to allow free flow of blood in the breast region.
“The iron in the brassieres could lead to breast problems due to the inability of blood to get to the region.”
Ismail said non-flow of blood could cause ailments related to breast region, including cancer.
She reminded women that cancer of the breast had become a public health issue, hence the need to take preventive measures could not be over emphasised.
NAN.
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--- redirect_from: "/draft-zyp-json-schema-01.html" permalink: "/draft-01/draft-zyp-json-schema-01.html" ---
| TOC |
|
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) Schema defines the media type application/schema+json, a JSON based format for defining the structure of JSON data. JSON Schema provides a contract for what JSON data is required for a given application and how to interact with it. JSON Schema is intended to define validation, documentation, hyperlink navigation, and interaction control of JSON data.
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as “work in progress.”
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
This Internet-Draft will expire on June 8, 2010.
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the BSD License.
1.
Introduction
2.
Conventions
3.
Overview
3.1.
Terminology
3.2.
Design Considerations
4.
Schema/Instance Association
4.1.
Self-Descriptive Schema
5.
Core Schema Definition
5.1.
type
5.2.
properties
5.3.
items
5.4.
optional
5.5.
additionalProperties
5.6.
requires
5.7.
minimum
5.8.
maximum
5.9.
minimumCanEqual
5.10.
maximumCanEqual
5.11.
minItems
5.12.
maxItems
5.13.
pattern
5.14.
maxLength
5.15.
minLength
5.16.
enum
5.17.
title
5.18.
description
5.19.
format
5.20.
contentEncoding
5.21.
default
5.22.
maxDecimal
5.23.
disallow
5.24.
extends
6.
Hyper Schema
6.1.
links
6.1.1.
Link Description Object
6.2.
fragmentResolution
6.2.1.
dot-delimited fragment resolution
6.3.
root
6.4.
readonly
6.5.
pathStart
6.6.
mediaType
6.7.
alternate
7.
Security Considerations
8.
IANA Considerations
8.1.
Registry of Link Relations
9.
References
9.1.
Normative References
9.2.
Informative References
Appendix A.
Change Log
Appendix B.
Open Issues
| TOC |
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) Schema is a JSON media type for defining the structure of JSON data. JSON Schema provides a contract for what JSON data is required for a given application and how to interact with it. JSON Schema is intended to define validation, documentation, hyperlink navigation, and interaction control of JSON data.
| TOC |
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
| TOC |
JSON Schema defines the media type application/schema+json for describing the structure of other JSON documents. JSON Schema is JSON-based and includes facilities for describing the structure of JSON documents in terms of allowable values, descriptions, and interpreting relations with other resources.
JSON Schema format is organized into several separate definitions. The first definition is the core schema specification. This definition is primary concerned with describing a JSON structure and specifying valid elements in the structure. The second definition is the Hyper Schema specification which is intended define elements in a structure that can be interpreted as hyperlinks. Hyper Schema builds on JSON Schema to describe the hyperlink structure of other JSON documents. This allows user agents to be able to successfully navigate JSON documents based on their schemas.
Cumulatively JSON Schema acts as a meta-document that can be used to define the required type and constraints on property values, as well as define the meaning of the property values for the purpose of describing a resource and determining hyperlinks within the representation.
An example JSON Schema that describes products might look like:
{ "name":"Product", "properties":{ "id":{ "type":"number", "description":"Product identifier" }, "name":{ "description":"Name of the product", "type":"string" }, "price":{ "type": "number", "minimum":0 }, "tags":{ "optional":true, "type":"array", "items":{ "type":"string" } } }, "links":[ { "rel":"full", "href":"{id}" }, { "rel":"comments", "href":"comments/?id={id}" } ] }
This schema defines the properties of the instance JSON documents and their required properties (id, name, and price) as well as an optional property (tags). This also defines the link relations of the instance JSON documents.
| TOC |
For this specification, a schema will be used to denote a JSON Schema definition, and an instance refers to the JSON object or array that the schema will be describing and validating
| TOC |
The JSON Schema media type does not attempt to dictate the structure of JSON representations that contain data, but rather provides a separate format for flexibly communicating how a JSON representation should be interpreted and validated, such that user agents can properly understand acceptable structures and extrapolate hyperlink information with the JSON document. This specification does not define a protocol. The underlying protocol (such as HTTP) should sufficiently define the semantics of the client-server interface, the retrieval of resource representations linked to by JSON representations, and modification of those resources. The goal of this format is to sufficiently describe JSON structures such that one can utilize existing information available in existing JSON representations from a large variety of services that leverage a REST architecture using existing protocols.
| TOC |
JSON Schema instances are correlated to their schema by the "describedby" relation, where the schema is defined to be the target of the relation. Instance representations may be of the application/json media type or any other subtype. Consequently, dictating how an instance representation should specify the relation to the schema is beyond the normative scope of this document (since this document specifically defines the JSON Schema media type, and no other), but it is recommended that instances specify their schema so that user agents can interpret the instance representation and messages may retain the self-descriptive characteristic, avoiding the need for out-of-band information about instance data. Two approaches are recommended for declaring the relation to the schema that describes the meaning of a JSON instance's (or collection of instances) structure. A MIME type parameter named "describedby" or a Link header with a relation of "describedby" SHOULD be used:
Content-Type: application/json; describedby=http://json.com/my-hyper-schema
or if the content is being transferred by a protocol (such as HTTP) that provides headers, a Link header can be used:
Link: <http://json.com/my-hyper-schema>; rel="describedby"
Instances MAY specify multiple schemas, to indicate all the schemas that are applicable to the data. The instance data may have multiple schemas that it is defined by (the instance data should be valid for those schemas). Or if the document is a collection of instances, the collection may contain instances from different schemas. When collections contain heterogeneous instances, the pathStart attribute MAY be specified in the schema to disambiguate which schema should be applied for each item in the collection.
| TOC |
JSON Schemas are themselves instances for the schema schemas. A self-describing JSON Schema for the core JSON Schema can be found at http://json-schema.org/schema and the hyper schema self-description can be found at: http://json-schema.org/hyper-schema. All schemas used within a protocol with media type definitions SHOULD include a MIME parameter that refers to the self-descriptive hyper schema or another schema that extends this hyper schema:
Content-Type: application/json; describedby=http://www.json-schema.org/hyper-schema
| TOC |
A JSON Schema is a JSON Object that defines various attributes of the instance and defines it's usage and valid values. A JSON Schema is a JSON Object with schema attribute properties. The following is the grammar of a JSON Schema:
And an example JSON Schema definition could look like:
{"description":"A person", "type":"object", "properties": {"name": {"type":"string"}, "age" : {"type":"integer", "maximum":125}} }
A JSON Schema object may have any of the following properties, called schema attributes (all attributes are optional):
| TOC |
Union type definition - An array with two or more items which indicates a union of type definitions. Each item in the array may be a simple type definition or a schema. The instance value is valid if it is of the same type as one the type definitions in the array or if it is valid by one of the schemas in the array. For example to indicate that a string or number is a valid: {"type":["string","number"]}
Simple type definition - A string indicating a primitive or simple type. The following are acceptable strings:
string - Value must be a string.
number - Value must be a number, floating point numbers are allowed.
integer - Value must be an integer, no floating point numbers are allowed. This is a subset of the number type.
boolean - Value must be a boolean.
object - Value must be an object.
array - Value must be an array.
null - Value must be null. Note this is mainly for purpose of being able use union types to define nullability.
any - Value may be of any type including null. If the property is not defined or is not in this list, than any type of value is acceptable. Other type values may be used for custom purposes, but minimal validators of the specification implementation can allow any instance value on unknown type values.
| TOC |
This should be an object type definition, which is an object with property definitions that correspond to instance object properties. When the instance value is an object, the property values of the instance object must conform to the property definitions in this object. In this object, each property definition's value should be a schema, and the property's name should be the name of the instance property that it defines.
| TOC |
This should be a schema or an array of schemas. When this is an object/schema and the instance value is an array, all the items in the array must conform to this schema. When this is an array of schemas and the instance value is an array, each position in the instance array must conform to the schema in the corresponding position for this array. This called tuple typing. When tuple typing is used, additional items are allowed, disallowed, or constrained by the additionalProperties attribute using the same rules as extra properties for objects..
| TOC |
This indicates that the instance property in the instance object is optional. This is false by default.
| TOC |
This provides a default property definition for all properties that are not explicitly defined in an object type definition. The value must be a schema. If false is provided, no additional properties are allowed, and the schema can not be extended. The default value is an empty schema which allows any value for additional properties.
| TOC |
This indicates that if this property is present in the containing instance object, the property given by requires attribute must also be present in the containing instance object. The value of this property may be a string, indicating the require property name. Or the value may be a schema, in which case the containing instance must be valid by the schema if the property is present. For example if a object type definition is defined:
{ "state": { "optional":true }, "town": { "requires":"state", "optional":true } }
An instance must include a state property if a town property is included. If a town property is not included, the state property is optional.
| TOC |
This indicates the minimum value for the instance property when the type of the instance value is a number.
| TOC |
This indicates the minimum value for the instance property when the type of the instance value is a number.
| TOC |
If the minimum is defined, this indicates whether or not the instance property value can equal the minimum.
| TOC |
If the maximum is defined, this indicates whether or not the instance property value can equal the maximum.
| TOC |
This indicates the minimum number of values in an array when an array is the instance value.
| TOC |
This indicates the maximum number of values in an array when an array is the instance value.
| TOC |
When the instance value is a string, this provides a regular expression that a instance string value should match in order to be valid. Regular expressions should follow the regular expression specification from ECMA 262/Perl 5
| TOC |
When the instance value is a string, this indicates maximum length of the string.
| TOC |
When the instance value is a string, this indicates minimum length of the string.
| TOC |
This provides an enumeration of possible values that are valid for the instance property. This should be an array, and each item in the array represents a possible value for the instance value. If "enum" is included, the instance value must be one of the values in enum array in order for the schema to be valid.
| TOC |
This provides a short description of the instance property. The value must be a string.
| TOC |
This provides a full description of the of purpose the instance property. The value must be a string.
| TOC |
This property indicates the type of data, content type, or microformat to be expected in the instance property values. A format attribute may be one of the values listed below, and if so, should adhere to the semantics describing for the format. A format should only be used give meaning to primitive types (string, integer, number, or boolean). Validators are not required to validate that the instance values conform to a format. The following formats are defined:
Any valid MIME media type may be used as a format value, in which case the instance property value must be a string, representing the contents of the MIME file.
date-time - This should be a date in ISO 8601 format of YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ in UTC time. This is the recommended form of date/timestamp.
date - This should be a date in the format of YYYY-MM-DD. It is recommended that you use the "date-time" format instead of "date" unless you need to transfer only the date part.
time - This should be a time in the format of hh:mm:ss. It is recommended that you use the "date-time" format instead of "time" unless you need to transfer only the time part.
utc-millisec - This should be the difference, measured in milliseconds, between the specified time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC. The value should be a number (integer or float).
regex - A regular expression.
color - This is a CSS color (like "#FF0000" or "red").
style - This is a CSS style definition (like "color: red; background-color:#FFF").
phone - This should be a phone number (format may follow E.123).
uri - This value should be a URI..
email - This should be an email address.
ip-address - This should be an ip version 4 address.
ipv6 - This should be an ip version 6 address.
street-address - This should be a street address.
locality - This should be a city or town.
region - This should be a region (a state in the US, province in Canada, etc.)
postal-code - This should be a postal code (AKA zip code).
country - This should be the name of a country.
Additional custom formats may be defined with a URL to a definition of the format.
| TOC |
If the instance property value is a string, this indicates that the string should be interpreted as binary data and decoded using the encoding named by this schema property. RFC 2045, Sec 6.1 lists possible values.
| TOC |
This indicates the default for the instance property.
| TOC |
This indicates the maximum number of decimal places in a floating point number. By default there is no maximum.
| TOC |
This attribute may take the same values as the "type" attribute, however if the instance matches the type or if this value is an array and the instance matches any type or schema in the array, than this instance is not valid.
| TOC |
The value of this property should be another schema which will provide a base schema which the current schema will inherit from. The inheritance rules are such that any instance that is valid according to the current schema must be valid according to the referenced schema. This may also be an array, in which case, the instance must be valid for all the schemas in the array.
| TOC |
This section defines hypermedia definitions of JSON schema. The following attributes are specified in addition to those attributes that already provided by JSON schema with the specific purpose of informing user agents of relations between resources based on JSON data. Just as with JSON schema attributes, all the attributes in hyper-schema are optional. Therefore an empty object is a valid (non-informative) schema, and essentially describes plain JSON (no constraints on the structures). Addition of attributes provides additive information for user agents.
| TOC |
The value of the links property should be an array, where each item in the array is a link description object which describes the link relations of the instances.
| TOC |
A link description object is used to describe the link relations of instances of a schema.
| TOC |
The value of the "href" link description property indicates the target URI of the related resource. The value of the instance property should be resolved as a URI-Reference per [RFC3986] and may be a relative URI. The base URI to be used for relative resolution should be the URI used to retrieve the instance object (not the schema). Also, the URI may be parametrized by the property values of the instance object.
Instance property values should be substituted into the URIs where matching braces ('{', '}') are found surrounding zero or more characters, creating an expanded URI. Instance property value substitutions are resolved by using the text between the braces to denote the property name from the instance to get the value to substitute. For example, if an href value is defined:
http://somesite.com/{id}
Then it would be resolved by replace the value of the "id" property value from the instance object. If the value of the "id" property was "45", the expanded URI would be:
http://somesite.com/45
If matching braces are found with the string "-this" (no quotes) between the braces, than the actual instance value should be used to replace the braces, rather than a property value. This should only be used in situations where the instance is a scalar (string, boolean, or number), and not for objects or arrays.
| TOC |
The value of the "rel" property indicates the name of the relation to the target resource. The relation to the target should be interpreted as specifically from the instance object that the schema (or sub-schema) applies to, not just the top level resource that contains the object within its hierarchy. If a resource JSON representation contains a sub object with a property interpreted as a link, that sub-object holds the relation with the target. A relation to target from the top level resource must be indicated with the schema describing the top level JSON representation.
Relationship definitions SHOULD NOT be media type dependent, and users are encouraged to utilize existing accepted relation definitions, including those in existing relation registries (see &rfc4287). However, we define these relation here for clarity of normative interpretation within the context of JSON hyper schema defined relations:
self - If the relation value is "self", when this property is encountered in the instance object, the object represents a resource and the instance object is treated as a full representation of the target resource identified by the specified URI.
full - This indicates that the target of the link is the full representation for the instance object. The object that contains this link may not be the full representation.
describedby - This indicates the target of the link is the schema for the instance object. This may be used to specifically denote the schemas of objects within a JSON object hierarchy, facilitating polymorphic type data structures.
The following relations are applicable for schemas (the schema as the "from" resource in the relation).
instances - This indicates the target resource that represents collection of instances of a schema.
create - This indicates a target to use for creating new instances of a schema. This link definition SHOULD be a submission link with a non-safe method (like POST).
For example, if a schema is defined:
{ "links": [ { "rel": "self" "href": "{id}" }, { "rel": "up" "href": "{upId}" }, { "rel": "children" "href": "?upId={id}" } ] }
And if a collection of instance resource's JSON representation was retrieved:
GET /Resource/ [ { "id": "thing", "upId": "parent" }, { "id": "thing2", "upId": "parent" } ]
This would indicate that for the first item in the collection, it's own (self) URI would resolve to "/Resource/thing" and the first item's "up" relation should be resolved to the resource at "/Resource/parent". The "children" collection would be located at "/Resource/?upId=thing".
| TOC |
The following properties also apply to link definition objects, and provide functionality analogous to HTML forms, in providing a means for submitting extra (often user supplied) information to send to a server.
| TOC |
This indicates which method should be used to access the target resource. In an HTTP environment, this would be "GET" or "POST" (other HTTP methods such as "PUT" and "DELETE" have semantics that are clearly implied by accessed resources, and do not need to be defined here). This defaults to "GET".
| TOC |
If present, this property indicates a query media type format that the server supports for querying or posting to the collection of instances at the target resource. The query can be suffixed to the target URI to query the collection with property-based constraints on the resources that SHOULD be returned from the server or used to post data to the resource (depending on the method). For example, with the following schema:
{ "links":[ { "enctype": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "method": "GET", "href": "/Product/", "properties":{ "name":{"description":"name of the product"} } } ] }
This indicates that the client can query the server for instances that have a specific name:
/Product/?name=Slinky
If no enctype or method is specified, only the single URI specified by the href property is defined. If the method is POST, application/json is the default media type.
| TOC |
This is inherited from the base JSON schema definition, and can follow the same structure, but its meaning should be used to define the acceptable property names and values for the action (whether it be for the GET query or POST body). If properties are omitted, and this form is the child of a schema, the properties from the parent schema should be used as the basis for the form action.
| TOC |
This property indicates the fragment resolution protocol to use for resolving fragment identifiers in URIs within the instance representations. This applies to the instance object URIs and all children of the instance object's URIs. The default fragment resolution protocol is "dot-delimited", which is defined below. Other fragment resolution protocols may be used, but are not defined in this document.
The fragment identifier is based on RFC 2396 Sec 5, and defines the mechanism for resolving references to entities within a document.
| TOC |
With the dot-delimited fragment resolution protocol, the fragment identifier is interpreted as a series of property reference tokens that are delimited by the "." character (\x2E). Each property reference token is a series of any legal URI component characters except the "." character. Each property reference token should be interpreted, starting from the beginning of the fragment identifier, as a path reference in the target JSON structure. The final target value of the fragment can be determined by starting with the root of the JSON structure from the representation of the resource identified by the pre-fragment URI. If the target is a JSON object, than the new target is the value of the property with the name identified by the next property reference token in the fragment. If the target is a JSON array, than the target is determined by finding the item in array the array with the index defined by the next property reference token (which MUST be a number). The target is successively updated for each property reference token, until the entire fragment has been traversed.
Property names SHOULD be URI-encoded. In particular, any "." in a property name MUST be encoded to avoid being interpreted as a property delimiter.
For example, for the following JSON representation:
{ "foo":{ "anArray":[ {"prop":44} ], "another prop":{ "baz":"A string" } } }
The following fragment identifiers would be resolved:
fragment identifier resolution ------------------- ---------- # self, the root of the resource itself #foo the object referred to by the foo property #foo.another prop the object referred to by the "another prop" property of the object referred to by the "foo" property #foo.another prop.baz the string referred to by the value of "baz" property of the "another prop" property of the object referred to by the "foo" property #foo.anArray.0 the first object in the "anArray" array
| TOC |
This attribute indicates that the value of the instance property value SHOULD be treated as the root or the body of the representation for the purposes of user agent interaction and fragment resolution (all other properties of the instance objects are can be regarded as meta-data descriptions for the data).
| TOC |
This indicates that the instance property should not be changed. Attempts by a user agent to modify the value of this property are expected to be rejected by a server.
| TOC |
This property value is a URI-Reference that indicates the URI that all the URIs for the instances of the schema should start with. When multiple schemas have been referenced for an instance, the user agent can determine if this schema is applicable for a particular instance by determining if URI of the instance begins with the pathStart's referenced URI. pathStart MUST be resolved as per [RFC3986] section 5. If the URI of the instance does not start with URI indicated by pathStart, or if another schema specifies a starting URI that is longer and also matches the instance, this schema should not be applied to the instance. Any schema that does not have a pathStart attribute should be considered applicable to all the instances for which it is referenced.
| TOC |
This indicates the media type of the instance representations that this schema is defining.
| TOC |
This is an array of JSON schema definitions that define any other schemas for alternate JSON-based representations of the instance resources.
| TOC |
This specification is a sub-type of the JSON format, and consequently the security considerations are generally the same as RFC 4627. However, an additional issue is that when link relation of "self" is used to denote a full representation of an object, the user agent SHOULD NOT consider the representation to be the authoritative representation of the resource denoted by the target URI if the target URI is not equivalent to or a sub-path of the the URI used to request the resource representation which contains the target URI with the "self" link. For example, if a hyper schema was defined:
{ "links":[ { "rel":"self", "href":"{id}" } ] }
And a resource was requested from somesite.com:
GET /foo/
With a response of:
Content-Type: application/json; describedby=/schema-for-this-data [ {"id":"bar", "name":"This representation can be safely treated \ as authoritative "}, {"id":"/baz", "name":"This representation should not be treated as \ authoritative the user agent should make request the resource\ from "/baz" to ensure it has the authoritative representation"}, {"id":"http://othersite.com/something", "name":"This representation\ should also not be treated as authoritative and the target\ resource representation should be retrieved for the\ authoritative representation"} ]
| TOC |
The proposed MIME media type for JSON Schema is application/schema+json
Type name: application
Subtype name: schema+json
Required parameters: describedby
The value of the describedby parameter should be a URI (relative or absolute) that refers to the schema used to define the structure of this structure (the meta-schema). Normally the value would be http://json-schema.org/hyper-schema, but it is allowable to use other schemas that extend the hyper schema's meta- schema.
Optional parameters: pretty
The value of the pretty parameter may be true or false to indicate if additional whitespace has been included to make the JSON representation easier to read.
| TOC |
This registry is maintained by IANA per RFC 4287 and this specification adds three values: "full", "create", "instances". New assignments are subject to IESG Approval, as outlined in [RFC5226]. Requests should be made by email to IANA, which will then forward the request to the IESG, requesting approval.
| TOC |
| TOC |
| [RFC3986] | Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, “Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax,” STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005 (TXT, HTML, XML). |
| [RFC2119] | Bradner, S., “Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels,” BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997 (TXT, HTML, XML). |
| [RFC4287] | Nottingham, M., Ed. and R. Sayre, Ed., “The Atom Syndication Format,” RFC 4287, December 2005 (TXT, HTML, XML). |
| [RFC3339] | Klyne, G., Ed. and C. Newman, “Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps,” RFC 3339, July 2002 (TXT, HTML, XML). |
| [RFC2045] | Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, “Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies,” RFC 2045, November 1996 (TXT). |
| TOC |
| [RFC4627] | Crockford, D., “The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON),” RFC 4627, July 2006 (TXT). |
| [RFC2616] | Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1,” RFC 2616, June 1999 (TXT, PS, PDF, HTML, XML). |
| [RFC5226] | Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, “Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs,” BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008 (TXT). |
| [I-D.hammer-discovery] | Hammer-Lahav, E., “Link-based Resource Descriptor Discovery,” draft-hammer-discovery-03 (work in progress), March 2009 (TXT). |
| [I-D.gregorio-uritemplate] | Gregorio, J., “URI Template,” draft-gregorio-uritemplate-03 (work in progress), April 2008 (TXT). |
| [I-D.nottingham-http-link-header] | Nottingham, M., “Web Linking,” draft-nottingham-http-link-header-06 (work in progress), July 2009 (TXT). |
| [W3C.REC-html401-19991224] | Hors, A., Jacobs, I., and D. Raggett, “HTML 4.01 Specification,” World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-html401-19991224, December 1999 (HTML). |
| TOC |
-01
-00
| TOC |
Should we give a preference to MIME headers over Link headers (or only use one)?
Should we use "profile" as the media type parameter instead?
Should "root" be a MIME parameter instead of a schema attribute?
Should "format" be renamed to "mediaType" or "contentType" to reflect the usage MIME media types that are allowed.
I still do not like how dates are handled.
| TOC |
| Kris Zyp (editor) | |
| SitePen (USA) | |
| 530 Lytton Avenue | |
| Palo Alto, CA 94301 | |
| USA | |
| Phone: | +1<PHONE_NUMBER> |
| EMail: |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|


Immigration and Wages Inequality in France
Over 232 million people now reside in a country where they were not born. Immigrants thus account for 3.2% of the world’s population. In the past two decades, the fraction of the population in developed countries that is foreign-born increased from 7% in 1990 to 10% in 2010. The rise in the demographic importance of international migration led to a parallel increase in the amount of time and effort that economists devote to studying the consequences of immigration. One of the main questions raised by economists is related to the labor impact of migration in receiving economies.
What impact do immigrants have on the wages of native workers? Economic theory has straightforward and intuitive implications about what we should expect: immigration should reduce the wage of competing workers (who have skills similar to those of the migrants), and increase the wage of complementary workers (who have skills that complement those of immigrants). If immigrants are assumed to be less skilled than the average native worker,immigration should increase the average earnings of skilled native workers and decrease the average earnings of low-skilled native workers. If the skill distribution of immigrants is similar to that of natives, immigration should not affect the relative supply of skills and thus should not change the structure of wages.
As a result, immigration should produce losers and winners depending on the skill composition of migrants – i.e. immigration redistributes wealth in the economy. In order to investigate how the skill composition of immigrants affects the wage distribution of native workers, we study the case of France.
France is an interesting case because immigration has disproportionately increased the number of high educated workers in that country. As illustrated in Figure 1 the immigrant contribution to the supply of skills has become increasingly concentrated in the higher educational categories in France.1
While 10% of the immigrant labor force was highly educated (with a college education) in 1990, this share increased to 28% in 2010. By contrast, the share of low educated immigrants (below high school) in the immigrant labor force declined substantially from 67% in 1990 to 38% in 2010. Within this specific context, we examine how immigration has affected the native wage distribution.
Figure 1: The Educational Distribution of Immigrants over Time
Note: The Figure reports the shares of high, medium and low educated immigrants in the immigrant labor force between 1990 and 2010. The population used to compute these shares includes all immigrants participating in the labor force aged from 16 to 64, not enrolled at school and having between 1 and 40 years of labor market experience. Self-employed people are excluded from the sample.
We quantify the impact of immigration on the French wage structure by using a structural method called the ``structural skill-cell approach’’.2 3 Structural methods impose a structure on the technology of the local labor market – i.e., they assume a specific functional form for the aggregate production function. Such assumption allows for the estimation of the complete set of factor price elasticities that determine how immigration affects the entire wage structure. Because wages in France should not adjust perfectly to immigrant-induced labor supply shifts,4 we allow the structural model to account for wage rigidities.
Table 1 shows our simulation results.5 Our simulations indicate that immigration has, on average, no impact on the wage of natives. The table also reports the distributional effects of immigration by education. We show that the skill mix of immigrants matters in determining their impact on the wages of native workers. Since immigrants to France has been disproportionately high educated in the past two decades, the simulations indicate a drop of 1.1% in the relative wage of highly educated native workers, a 0.2% gain in the relative wage of workers in the middle of the education distribution, and an increase in the wage of low educated natives by 0.5%.6
Because the supply shock of immigrant labor to France has been greater for high educated workers, immigration has served to reduce wage inequality between low educated and high educated workers. This result is consistent with the labor market trend to lower wage inequality experiencing by France since 1970.7
Table 1: Simulated Wage Impact of 1990-2010 Immigrant Influx on the Wages of Natives
| All Natives | High Education | Medium Education | Low Education | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| French Wages | 0.0 % | -1.1 % | 0.3 % | 0.5 % | ||||
| Flexible Wages | 0.0 % | -2.4 % | 0.6 % | 1.2 % |
Our results suggest that immigration has been a crucial factor in accounting for the drop in the relative wage of high educated workers in France – immigration has contributed to the reduction of wages inequality in France. By using our structural model, we quantify the contribution of immigration to the reduction of wage inequality. We find that immigration accounts for about 18% of the reduction of wage inequality between high and low educated workers in France since 1990.
The last row of Table 1 underlines the role played by wage rigidities in reducing the impact of immigration on wage inequalities. If wages in France were perfectly flexible, the positive and negative effects induced by immigration on wages would have been larger: the negative impact of immigration on the relative wage of high educated natives would have been more detrimental.
In order to offer some guidance with respect to immigration policy, we simulate the impact of different policies with respect to migration. Our simulations show, in particular, that selective migration policies in favor of highly educated immigrants reduce wage inequality by far less than when they promote low educated immigration. We also find that these effects are larger under a scenario when I assume wages to be perfectly flexible.
-
In France, the share of immigrants in the labor force climbed from 7% in 1990 to 10% in 2010. ↩
-
Borjas, G. J., “The labor demand curve is downward sloping: reexamining the impact of immigration on the labor market,” The quarterly journal of economics 118 (2003), 1335–1374. ↩
-
Ottaviano, G. I. and G. Peri, “Rethinking the effects of immigration on wages,” Journal of the European Economic Association 10 (2012), 152–197. ↩
-
Edo, A., “The Impact of Immigration on Native Wages and Employment,” CES working paper No. 13-64 (2013). ↩
-
We provide the long-run simulation results. They assume that capital has fully adjusted to immigration. ↩
-
The simulated results have a ceteris paribus interpretation. The simulations yield the change in wages due to immigration only, without accounting for the other factors that may affect native wages. ↩
-
Verdugo, G., “The great compression of the French wage structure, 1969–2008,” Labour Economics 28 (2014), 131–144. ↩
The paper "Selective Migration Policies and Wages Inequality" is forthcoming in the Review of International Economics. You can find more information about the paper here: Selective Migration Policies and Wages Inequality


isTeacher() )
{
echo 'Result(s) to Exams created by you';
}
else
{
echo 'Result(s) to all Exams in the database';
}
?>
isAdmin() ) || ( $user->isManager() ) )
{ // if user is admin, display results for all courses
$q = "SELECT id, title, class, term FROM courses ORDER BY `courses`.`id` ASC";
}
else if ($user->isTeacher())
{ // if user is a lecturer, only display courses he/she created
$admin_id = $user->getId();
$q = "SELECT id, title, class, term FROM courses WHERE lecturer_id = $admin_id ORDER BY `courses`.`id` DESC";
}
$r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q);
if ($r) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_ASSOC)) {
echo '
';
echo '
';
echo '
' . $row['title'] . ' - ' .$row['class'].' - '. $row['term']. ' TERM
';
$course_id = $row['id'];
$q2 = "SELECT count(*) AS number FROM `student_results` WHERE course_id = $course_id";
$r2 = mysqli_query($dbc, $q2);
if ($r2)
{
$row2 = mysqli_fetch_array($r2, MYSQLI_ASSOC);
$no_of_students = $row2['number'];
if ($no_of_students < 1) $zero_students = true;
echo '
'.$row2['number'].' students have written this exam.
';
}
// display option to downlod courses if at least 1 student
// has taken the exam
if (!$zero_students)
{
?>
No download available *';
}
$zero_students = false;
echo '
';
echo '
';
} // End of While
} // End of If $r
?>


Use our advanced search feature to access specific catch data quickly. Visualize the data in chart-form or download it to your computer for use in various applications.
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Thanks to everyone who joined our community of digital professionals for a transformation experience across government at Digital Summit 2020.
{{> updates }}We dedicated each day of our 4-day program to one of 4 themes:
Adapt to and navigate change in your workplace. Our speakers, presenters and workshop facilitators are driving real change and transformation in their organisations to adapt to our changing world.
Engage with and learn from our speakers and your peers. Challenge how you think and explore new ways to understand user needs and build solutions.
Deliver solutions to real users. Build networks and develop practical actions and plans. Get insights into how some of the biggest organisations are delivering digital transformation, from success stories to valuable failures.
This year the Australian Government Digital Awards were part of the Digital Summit 2020.
We presented the finalists and winners on:


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This documentation relates to Opera's now deprecated .oex Extension API framework for Opera versions <= 12.15 and also provided by our OEX2NEX shim library.
For the latest Opera Extensions API documentation for Opera versions > 12.15 please consult the latest Opera Extensions API documentation online.
When specified as an item in a BrowserTabProperties
object, the focused
property indicates the desired focus state of a browser tab. The value true
indicates that the tab should be focused, and false
indicates that the focus state should not change.
When creating or updating a browser tab, if this property is not specified, the default behaviour is the same as specifying false
.
Note: The focused
property is only a hint. Certain conditions and platform conventions might cause a tab and its context window to be focused or not, regardless of the specified value.
boolean focused
The following example creates a button on the browser toolbar. When the button is clicked, a new tab is created with the specified URL and given focus.
//
// The background process (e.g. index.html)
//
// Specify the properties of the button before creating it.
var UIItemProperties = {
disabled: false,
title: "Example extension",
icon: "images/icon_18.png",
onclick: function() {
// Create a tab properties object
tabProps = {
url: 'http://www.operamail.com/',
focused: true
};
// Create a tab with the specified properties
var tab = opera.extension.tabs.create(tabProps);
}
};
// Create the button and add it to the toolbar.
var button = opera.contexts.toolbar.createItem( UIItemProperties );
opera.contexts.toolbar.addItem(button);