7 references to StopJobCompleted
System.Management.Automation (7)
engine\remoting\client\Job2.cs (5)
313
handler =
StopJobCompleted
;
1629
job.
StopJobCompleted
+= eventHandler;
1644
job.
StopJobCompleted
-= eventHandler;
1696
childJob.
StopJobCompleted
-= eventHandler;
1709
job.
StopJobCompleted
+= eventHandler;
engine\remoting\commands\RemoveJob.cs (1)
906
job2.
StopJobCompleted
+= HandleStopJobCompleted;
engine\remoting\commands\StopJob.cs (1)
157
job2.
StopJobCompleted
+= HandleStopJobCompleted;


Week no. 19
Project Development :
- complete your final project, tracking your progress:
Questions
What tasks have been completed, and what tasks remain?
...
What has worked? what hasn't?
...
What questions need to be resolved?
...
What will happen when?
...
What have you learned?
...
You can see more in my final project page here.


Apollo Expeditions to the Moon
CHAPTER 10.2
THOSE COMPUTER ALARMS
Fortunately, in our software review we had insisted on one
point: We had to have at least a 10-percent spare capacity in the
memory of the onboard computer. We did that to provide for
unforeseen contingencies, and that contingency occurred on the
Apollo 11 lunar landing. On that mission we used up the 10
percent with those extraneous messages from the high-altitude
radar, and in spite of the spare capacity, we nearly overloaded
the landing computer. It set off alarms that caused a few seconds
of fast thinking, but it was quickly put right and the landing
went on to a safe touchdown.
All this critical design review was then followed by a
review of all the things that happened during the dry runs before
the final countdown, checking to make sure that there were no
anomalies that hadn't been identified and traced back to their
origins. That was done in the last couple of days before the
flight. What we were basically doing was making sure that
everybody had done everything that could be done to assure the
safety of the mission.
But you can only do so much in ground simulation and
analysis, and then you've got to test the articles in actual
flight. One example of this was with the docking mechanism, which
presented no particular problems in ground tests and in
simulation. But the first time it was tried in space, they had
considerable difficulty getting the mechanism into place. That
led to a very rapid redesign of the mechanism between flights,
which was just one of the things accomplished in the very short
time between flights. Looking back on it, it seems amazing that
we were able to do a number of things on those two-month centers
that would have been considered flatly impossible only a few
months earlier. The key to that ability, though, was getting
ourselves organized and then finding the will to do things. That
made all the difference in the world on the Apollo program; there
was the highest motivation, and it produced results, time and
time again.
Of course, after the flights we had a thorough debriefing
and evaluation of the mission, and of the behavior of the
spacecraft and other systems, checking the actual results against
our predicted performance, analyzing actual anomalies against
ones that we had expected and planned for. The rigid discipline
of postflight analysis and the preflight reviews were among the
most important inputs of Apollo management to the success of the
program.


Before Change
// Call step of optimizer to update model params.
with self.timers.record("apply"):
self.optimizer.step()
return {"train_loss": loss.item(), NUM_SAMPLES: features[0].size(0)}
def validate(self, val_iterator, info):
After Change
raise RuntimeError("Either set self.model in setup function or "
"override this method to implement a custom "
"training loop.")
if not hasattr(self, "optimizer"):
raise RuntimeError("Either set self.optimizer in setup function "
"or override this method to implement a custom "
"training loop.")
if not hasattr(self, "criterion"):
raise RuntimeError("Either set self.criterion in setup function "
"or override this method to implement a custom "
"training loop.")
model = self.model
optimizer = self.optimizer
criterion = self.criterion
// unpack features into list to support multiple inputs model
*features, target = batch
// Create non_blocking tensors for distributed training
if self.use_gpu:


Benefits
- Rich UI. Select boxes made by selectivity have rich functionality, work out of the box and are customizable.
- Modular. Selectivity's modular approach is aimed to make it easy to create custom builds with just the features that you care about and to easily swap modules for custom ones.
- Light-weight. Selectivity.js is smaller than comparable selection libraries, even if you're using the "full" build with all features packed in.
- Compatibility. Selectivity.js can be used with both jQuery and Zepto.js and is compatible with jQuery builds without Sizzle.
Examples
Select a single city
$('#example-1').selectivity({
allowClear: true,
items: ['Amsterdam', 'Antwerp'/*, ...*/],
placeholder: 'No city selected'
});
Select multiple cities
$('#example-2').selectivity({
items: ['Amsterdam', 'Antwerp'/*, ...*/],
multiple: true,
placeholder: 'Type to search a city'
});
Select a city by country
$('#example-3').selectivity({
allowClear: true,
items: [{
text: 'Austria',
children: [ { id: 54, text: 'Vienna' } ]
} /*, ...*/],
placeholder: 'No city selected'
});
Select a city by timezone
$('#example-4').selectivity({
allowClear: true,
items: [{
id: '+00:00',
text: 'Western European Time Zone',
submenu: {
items: [
{ id: 4, text: 'Barcelona' }
/*, ...*/
],
showSearchInput: true
}
} /*, ...*/],
placeholder: 'No city selected',
showSearchInputInDropdown: false
});
Enter one or more email addresses
$('#example-5').selectivity({
inputType: 'Email',
placeholder: 'Type or paste email addresses'
});
Search a GitHub repository
Note: If this example stops working, please wait a few minutes. There is an active rate-limit in the GitHub API.
$('#example-6').selectivity({
ajax: {
url: 'https://api.github.com/search/repositories',
dataType: 'json',
minimumInputLength: 3,
quietMillis: 250,
params: function(term, offset) {
// GitHub uses 1-based pages with 30 results, by default
return { q: term, page: 1 + Math.floor(offset / 30) };
},
processItem: function(item) {
return {
id: item.id,
text: item.name,
description: item.description
};
},
results: function(data, offset) {
return {
results: data.items,
more: (data.total_count > offset + data.items.length)
};
}
},
placeholder: 'Search for a repository',
templates: {
resultItem: function(item) {
return (
'
' +
'' + escape(item.text) + '
' +
escape(item.description) +
'
'
);
}
}
});
API v2
Call $(selector).selectivity(options)
to initialize a Selectivity instance on the
element specified by the given selector. The element should be a

element which will be used as container to render the Selectivity control in. If the element is
a <select>
element instead, this element will be used for initializing some
of the options below after which it is replaced with a

element to
contain the Selectivity control.
The following options are supported:
| Option | Type | Description | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ajax | Object |
This object is used for convenience for loading result items through AJAX requests
to a remote resource. Below is an overview of properties that may be set on this
object. Any other properties on this object are passed directly to the
transport, which by default is
$.ajax() .
|
||||||||||||||||||
| allowClear | Boolean |
Set to true to allow the selection to be cleared. This option only
applies to single-value inputs.If you have used a <select> element to initialize the Selectivity
instance, this option defaults to true unless the element has a
required attribute. |
||||||||||||||||||
| backspace |
Boolean |
If set to true , when the user enters a backspace while there is no text
in the search field but there are selected items, the last selected item will be
highlighted and when a second backspace is entered the item is deleted. If
false , the item gets deleted on the first backspace. The default value
is true on devices that have touch input and false on
devices that don't. |
||||||||||||||||||
| closeOnSelect | Boolean |
Set to false to keep the dropdown open after the user has selected an
item. This is useful if you want to allow the user to quickly select multiple items.
The default value is true . |
||||||||||||||||||
| createTokenItem | Function |
Function to create a new item from a user's search term. This is used to turn the
term into an item when dropdowns are disabled and the user presses Enter. It is also
used by the default tokenizer to create items for individual tokens. The function
receives a token parameter which is the search term (or part of a
search term) to create an item for and must return an item object with
id and text properties or null if no token
can be created from the term. The default is a function that returns an item where
the ID and text both match the term for any non-empty string and which returns
null otherwise.This option only applies to multiple-value inputs. |
||||||||||||||||||
| data | Object or Array |
Initial selection data to set. This should be an object with id and
text properties in the case of input type 'Single', or an array of such
objects otherwise. This option is mutually exclusive with value . |
||||||||||||||||||
| dropdown | Function |
Custom dropdown implementation to use for this instance. | ||||||||||||||||||
| dropdownCssClass | String |
Optional CSS class to add to the dropdown's top-level element. | ||||||||||||||||||
| initSelection | Function |
Function to map values by ID to selection data. This function receives two
arguments, value and callback . The value is the current
value of the selection, which is an ID or an array of IDs, depending on the input
type. The callback should be invoked with an object containing id and
text properties, or an array of such objects (again, depending on the
input type). |
||||||||||||||||||
| inputType | String or Function |
The input type to use. Default input types include 'Multiple', 'Single' and 'Email',
but you can add custom input types to the Selectivity.InputTypes map or
just specify one here as a function. The default value is 'Single', unless
multiple is true in which case it is 'Multiple'. |
||||||||||||||||||
| items | Array |
Array of items from which to select. Should be an array of objects with
id and text properties. As convenience, you may also pass
an array of strings, in which case the same string is used for both the ID and the
text. Items may be nested by adding a children property to any item,
whose value should be another array of items. Items that have children may omit
having an ID.If items are specified, all items are expected to be available locally
and all selection operations operate on this local array only. If omitted, items are
not available locally, and the query option should be provided to fetch
data.If you have used a <select> element to initialize the
Selectivity instance, its <option> and
<optgroup> elements are used to initialize the items array. |
||||||||||||||||||
| matcher | Function |
Function to determine whether text matches a given search term. Note this function
is only used if you have specified an array of items. Receives two arguments:
term and text . The term is the search term, which for
performance reasons has always been already processed using
Selectivity.transformText() . The text is the text that should match the
search term.The function should return true if the text matches the term, and
false otherwise. |
||||||||||||||||||
| multiple | boolean |
May be set to true as short-hand for specifying
inputType: 'Multiple' .If you have used a <select> element to initialize the Selectivity
instance, this option is set to true when the element has a
multiple attribute. |
||||||||||||||||||
| placeholder | String |
Placeholder text to display when the element has no focus and selected items. If you have used a <select> element to initialize the Selectivity
instance, this option may be set through the data-placeholder
attribute. |
||||||||||||||||||
| positionDropdown | Function |
Function to position the dropdown. Receives $dropdownEl (the element to
be positioned) and $selectEl (the element of the Selectivity instance)
as arguments. The default implementation positions the dropdown element under the
Selectivity instance's element and gives it the same width as well. |
||||||||||||||||||
| query | Function |
Function to use for querying items. Receives a single object with the following
properties:
items option is used. |
||||||||||||||||||
| readOnly | Boolean |
If true , disables any modification of the input. |
||||||||||||||||||
| removeOnly | Boolean |
If true , disables any modification of the input except removing of
selected items. |
||||||||||||||||||
| showDropdown | Boolean |
Set to false if you don't want to use any dropdown (you can still open
it programmatically using open() ). |
||||||||||||||||||
| show |
Boolean |
Set to false to remove the search input used in dropdowns. This option
only applies to single-value inputs, as multiple-value inputs don't have the search
input in the dropdown to begin with. The default is true . |
||||||||||||||||||
| suppressMouse |
String or null |
The Selectivity Dropdown by default suppresses mousewheel events so that any scrolling
in the dropdown doesn't affect the scroll position of the page. Through this option
you can select which selector should be monited for scroll events to suppress. Set
it to null to disable suppressing of mousewheel events altogether. The
default value is ".selectivity-results-container" . |
||||||||||||||||||
| templates | Object |
Object with instance-specific templates to override the global templates assigned to
selectivity.Templates . Inline documentation for the templates is provided
in selectivity-templates.js. |
||||||||||||||||||
| tokenizer | Function |
Function for tokenizing search terms. Will receive the input (the input
string to tokenize), selection (the current selection data),
createToken (callback to create a token from the search terms, should
be passed an item object with id and text properties) and
options (the options set on the Selectivity instance) arguments. Any string
returned by the tokenizer function is treated as the remainder of untokenized input.
This option only applies to multiple-value inputs. |
||||||||||||||||||
| tokenSeparators | Array |
Array of string separators which are used to separate the search term into tokens.
If specified and the tokenizer property is not set, the tokenizer property will be
set to a function which splits the search term into tokens separated by any of the
given separators. The tokens will be converted into selectable items using the
createTokenItem function. The default tokenizer also filters out
already selected items. This option only applies to multiple-value inputs. |
||||||||||||||||||
| value | ID or Array |
Initial value to set. This should be an ID (string or number) in the case of input
type 'Single', or array of IDs otherwise. This property is mutually exclusive with
data . |
Methods
Methods are invoked by passing the name of the method, followed by any arguments, to the
selectivity()
function. Example:
$(selector).selectivity('data', { id: 1, text: 'Amsterdam' })
add
(multiple-value inputs only)
Adds an item to the selection.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| item | ID or Object |
The item to add, either as ID or object with id and text
properties. |
Examples:
$(selector).selectivity('add', 1)
$(selector).selectivity('add', { id: 1, text: 'Amsterdam' })
clear
Clears the selection.
Example:
$(selector).selectivity('clear')
close
Closes the dropdown.
data
Sets or gets the data of the selection. If no argument is given, the current data is returned. Otherwise, the data is set to the argument given.
When new data is set, the appropriate change
event is automatically
generated, unless triggerChange
is set to false
.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| data | Object or Array |
The new data to set, either as object with id and text
properties (for single-value inputs) or as array of such objects (for multiple-value
inputs). |
| options | Object |
Optional options object. May contain the following property:
|
Examples:
// returns the current data:
$(selector).selectivity('data')
// sets new data on a single-value input:
$(selector).selectivity('data', { id: 1, text: 'Amsterdam' })
// sets new data on a multiple-value input:
$(selector).selectivity('data', [{ id: 1, text: 'Amsterdam' }, { id: 2, text: 'Antwerp' }])
destroy
Destroys the Selectivity instance.
Note: If you had initialized your Selectivity instance from an <input>
or <select>
element, that element is gone forever and you won't get it back by
destroying the Selectivity instance.
focus
Focuses the search input.
open
Opens the dropdown.
remove
(multiple-value inputs only)
Removes an item from the selection.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| item | ID or Object |
The item to remove, either as ID or object with id and
text properties. |
Examples:
$(selector).selectivity('remove', 1)
$(selector).selectivity('remove', { id: 1, text: 'Amsterdam' })
rerenderSelection
Re-renders the selection.
Normally the UI is automatically updated whenever the selection changes, but you may want to call
call this method explicitly if you've updated the selection with the triggerChange
option set to false
.
setOptions
Sets one or more options of the Selectivity instance.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| options | Object |
Object with one or more options. All options that can be passed to the constructor
are valid, with the exception of data and value . |
Example:
$(selector).selectivity('setOptions', { readOnly: true })
value / val
Sets or gets the value of the selection. If no argument is given, the current value is returned. Otherwise, the value is set to the argument given.
Note: When setting the value of the selection, the full data (including the
text
properties) is updated as well. In order to detect the right text for the
ID(s), Selectivity will inspect the items
array to look up the corresponding
item(s). If no items have been provided, it is assumed the text should be equal to the ID. If
this is not what you want, you may want to pass the initSelection
option to the
Selectivity instance to override this process.
When a new value is set, the appropriate change
event is automatically
generated, unless triggerChange
is set to false
.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| value | ID or Array |
The new value to set, either as single ID (for single-value inputs) or an array of IDs (for multiple-value inputs). |
| options | Object |
Optional options object. May contain the following property:
|
Examples:
// returns the current value:
$(selector).selectivity('value')
$(selector).selectivity('val')
// sets a new value on a single-value input:
$(selector).selectivity('value', 1)
// sets a new value on a multiple-value input:
$(selector).selectivity('value', [1, 2])
Events
All of these events are emitted on the element to which the Selectivity instance is attached and
can be listened to using jQuery's on()
method.
Note: If you have used a <select>
element for initializing the
Selectivity instance, you should realize it is replaced by a

element
after the initialization. Any events will be triggered on the latter.
| Event | Description |
|---|---|
"change" |
Emitted when the selection has been changed. The event object will contain the
following properties:
|
"selectivity-close" |
Emitted when the dropdown is closed. |
"selectivity-highlight" |
Emitted when an item in the dropdown is highlighted. The event object will contain
the following properties:
|
"selectivity-open" |
Emitted when the dropdown is opened. |
"selectivity-opening" |
Emitted when the dropdown is about to be opened. You can call
preventDefault() on the event object to cancel the opening of the
dropdown. |
"selectivity-selected" |
Emitted when an item has been selected. The event object will contain the following
properties:
|
"selectivity-selecting" |
Emitted when an item is about to be selected. You can call
preventDefault() on on the event object to prevent the item from being
selected. The event object will contain the following properties:
|
More information
For more information, see the GitHub page.


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import viewmodels.Person @import models.Mode @(people: Seq[Person], mode: Mode)(implicit messages: Messages)


skip/1
skip/1 – discard all input characters until specified character
FORMS
skip(Char)
DESCRIPTION
All characters on the current input stream are discarded up to and including
the next character whose ASCII code is Char. Skipping past the end-of-file causes skip/1 to fail.
EXAMPLES
?- skip(0’*), get(Next).
Journey To The *s
Next = 115
yes.
SEE ALSO
[Clocksin 81, 6.9].


Roy Keane aims dig at Tottenham after Man United’s derby triumph
Sky Sports pundit Roy Keane says beating Spurs at home wasn't a big deal for Manchester United
by The Sport Review staffRoy Keane has aimed a dig at Tottenham Hotspur after Manchester United’s 2-1 victory over Manchester City in the derby at The Etihad on Saturday.
The Red Devils secured a vital three points in the top-four race after Ole Gunnar Solskjaer’s side managed to record successive Premier League victories for the first time this season.
Marcus Rashford broke the deadlock from the penalty spot in the 23rd minute before France striker Anthony Martial doubled the away side’s lead six minutes later.
Manchester United have collected six points from their last two Premier League outings after the Red Devils edged to a 2-1 win against Tottenham Hotspur last week.
The 20-time English champions have hoisted themselves into fifth position in the Premier League table and five points adrift of Chelsea FC in the top-four race.
While Keane was impressed with Manchester United’s “proper” performance at Manchester City, the Sky Sports pundit played down the significance of their victory over Spurs last week.
“I said before the show, I didn’t think beating Tottenham at home was a big deal for Manchester United. Spurs, we know their mentality,” Keane told Sky Sports after the derby win.
“But beating Man City will only given the players confidence. They’ve been criticised a lot recently and today we need to take our hats off.
“They were outstanding. It was a Manchester United performance. The way they managed the game, the blocks, the speed, it was brilliant.
“But they have to do it consistently and they do need a helping hand and hopefully they get that in the next couple of transfer windows.”
Manchester United will be looking to record a third successive Premier League win when the Red Devils host a resurgent Everton side at Old Trafford next Sunday.
The Blues were 3-1 winners against Chelsea FC at Goodison Park after Duncan Ferguson took over the reins of the Merseyside club from Marco Silva.


Analysis programs in Flink are regular programs that implement transformations on data sets (e.g., filtering, mapping, joining, grouping). The data sets are initially created from certain sources (e.g., by reading files, or from collections). Results are returned via sinks, which may for example write the data to (distributed) files, or to standard output (for example the command line terminal). Flink programs run in a variety of contexts, standalone, or embedded in other programs. The execution can happen in a local JVM, or on clusters of many machines.
In order to create your own Flink program, we encourage you to start with the program skeleton and gradually add your own transformations. The remaining sections act as references for additional operations and advanced features.
The following program is a complete, working example of WordCount. You can copy & paste the code to run it locally.
As we already saw in the example, Flink programs look like regular python programs. Each program consists of the same basic parts:
Environment
,We will now give an overview of each of those steps but please refer to the respective sections for more details.
The Environment
is the basis for all Flink programs. You can
obtain one using these static methods on class Environment
:
For specifying data sources the execution environment has several methods to read from files. To just read a text file as a sequence of lines, you can use:
This will give you a DataSet on which you can then apply transformations. For more information on data sources and input formats, please refer to Data Sources.
Once you have a DataSet you can apply transformations to create a new DataSet which you can then write to a file, transform again, or combine with other DataSets. You apply transformations by calling methods on DataSet with your own custom transformation function. For example, a map transformation looks like this:
This will create a new DataSet by doubling every value in the original DataSet. For more information and a list of all the transformations, please refer to Transformations.
Once you have a DataSet that needs to be written to disk you can call one of these methods on DataSet:
The last method is only useful for developing/debugging on a local machine, it will output the contents of the DataSet to standard output. (Note that in a cluster, the result goes to the standard out stream of the cluster nodes and ends up in the .out files of the workers). The first two do as the name suggests. Please refer to Data Sinks for more information on writing to files.
Once you specified the complete program you need to call execute
on
the Environment
. This will submit your program for execution on a cluster.
Back to top
Apart from setting up Flink, no additional work is required. The python package can be found in the /resource folder of your Flink distribution. The flink package, along with the plan and optional packages are automatically distributed among the cluster via HDFS when running a job.
The Python API was tested on Linux/Windows systems that have Python 2.7 or 3.4 installed.
By default Flink will start python processes by calling “python”. By setting the “python.binary.path” key in the flink-conf.yaml you can modify this behaviour to use a binary of your choice.
All Flink programs are executed lazily: When the program’s main method is executed, the data loading
and transformations do not happen directly. Rather, each operation is created and added to the
program’s plan. The operations are actually executed when one of the execute()
methods is invoked
on the Environment object.
The lazy evaluation lets you construct sophisticated programs that Flink executes as one holistically planned unit.
Data transformations transform one or more DataSets into a new DataSet. Programs can combine multiple transformations into sophisticated assemblies.
This section gives a brief overview of the available transformations. The transformations documentation has a full description of all transformations with examples.
| Transformation | Description |
|---|---|
| Map |
Takes one element and produces one element. |
| FlatMap |
Takes one element and produces zero, one, or more elements. |
| MapPartition |
Transforms a parallel partition in a single function call. The function get the partition as an `Iterator` and can produce an arbitrary number of result values. The number of elements in each partition depends on the parallelism and previous operations. |
| Filter |
Evaluates a boolean function for each element and retains those for which the function returns true. |
| Reduce |
Combines a group of elements into a single element by repeatedly combining two elements into one. Reduce may be applied on a full data set, or on a grouped data set. |
| ReduceGroup |
Combines a group of elements into one or more elements. ReduceGroup may be applied on a full data set, or on a grouped data set. |
| Aggregate |
Performs a built-in operation (sum, min, max) on one field of all the Tuples in a data set or in each group of a data set. Aggregation can be applied on a full dataset or on a grouped data set. |
Join | Joins two data sets by creating all pairs of elements that are equal on their keys. Optionally uses a JoinFunction to turn the pair of elements into a single element. See keys on how to define join keys. | </tr>
| CoGroup |
The two-dimensional variant of the reduce operation. Groups each input on one or more fields and then joins the groups. The transformation function is called per pair of groups. See keys on how to define coGroup keys. |
| Cross |
Builds the Cartesian product (cross product) of two inputs, creating all pairs of elements. Optionally uses a CrossFunction to turn the pair of elements into a single element. |
| Union |
Produces the union of two data sets. |
| ZipWithIndex |
Assigns consecutive indexes to each element. For more information, please refer to the [Zip Elements Guide](zip_elements_guide.html#zip-with-a-dense-index). |
Some transformations (like Join or CoGroup) require that a key is defined on its argument DataSets, and other transformations (Reduce, GroupReduce) allow that the DataSet is grouped on a key before they are applied.
A DataSet is grouped as
The data model of Flink is not based on key-value pairs. Therefore, you do not need to physically pack the data set types into keys and values. Keys are “virtual”: they are defined as functions over the actual data to guide the grouping operator.
The simplest case is grouping a data set of Tuples on one or more fields of the Tuple:
The data set is grouped on the first field of the tuples. The group-reduce function will thus receive groups of tuples with the same value in the first field.
The data set is grouped on the composite key consisting of the first and the second fields, therefore the reduce function will receive groups with the same value for both fields.
A note on nested Tuples: If you have a DataSet with a nested tuple
specifying group_by(<index of tuple>)
will cause the system to use the full tuple as a key.
Certain operations require user-defined functions, whereas all of them accept lambda functions and rich functions as arguments.
Rich functions allow the use of imported functions, provide access to broadcast-variables,
can be parameterized using init(), and are the go-to-option for complex functions.
They are also the only way to define an optional combine
function for a reduce operation.
Lambda functions allow the easy insertion of one-liners. Note that a lambda function has to return an iterable, if the operation can return multiple values. (All functions receiving a collector argument)
Flink’s Python API currently only offers native support for primitive python types (int, float, bool, string) and byte arrays.
The type support can be extended by passing a serializer, deserializer and type class to the environment.
You can use the tuples (or lists) for composite types. Python tuples are mapped to the Flink Tuple type, that contain a fix number of fields of various types (up to 25). Every field of a tuple can be a primitive type - including further tuples, resulting in nested tuples.
When working with operators that require a Key for grouping or matching records, Tuples let you simply specify the positions of the fields to be used as key. You can specify more than one position to use composite keys (see Section Data Transformations).
Data sources create the initial data sets, such as from files or from collections.
File-based:
read_text(path)
- Reads files line wise and returns them as Strings.read_csv(path, type)
- Parses files of comma (or another char) delimited fields.
Returns a DataSet of tuples. Supports the basic java types and their Value counterparts as field
types.Collection-based:
from_elements(*args)
- Creates a data set from a Seq. All elementsgenerate_sequence(from, to)
- Generates the sequence of numbers in the given interval, in parallel.Examples
Data sinks consume DataSets and are used to store or return them:
write_text()
- Writes elements line-wise as Strings. The Strings are
obtained by calling the str() method of each element.write_csv(...)
- Writes tuples as comma-separated value files. Row and field
delimiters are configurable. The value for each field comes from the str() method of the objects.output()
- Prints the str() value of each element on the
standard out.A DataSet can be input to multiple operations. Programs can write or print a data set and at the same time run additional transformations on them.
Examples
Standard data sink methods:
Broadcast variables allow you to make a data set available to all parallel instances of an operation, in addition to the regular input of the operation. This is useful for auxiliary data sets, or data-dependent parameterization. The data set will then be accessible at the operator as a Collection.
with_broadcast_set(DataSet, String)
self.context.get_broadcast_variable(String)
at the target operatorMake sure that the names (bcv
in the previous example) match when registering and
accessing broadcast data sets.
Note: As the content of broadcast variables is kept in-memory on each node, it should not become too large. For simpler things like scalar values you can simply parameterize the rich function.
This section describes how the parallel execution of programs can be configured in Flink. A Flink program consists of multiple tasks (operators, data sources, and sinks). A task is split into several parallel instances for execution and each parallel instance processes a subset of the task’s input data. The number of parallel instances of a task is called its parallelism or degree of parallelism (DOP).
The degree of parallelism of a task can be specified in Flink on different levels.
Flink programs are executed in the context of an execution environment. An execution environment defines a default parallelism for all operators, data sources, and data sinks it executes. Execution environment parallelism can be overwritten by explicitly configuring the parallelism of an operator.
The default parallelism of an execution environment can be specified by calling the
set_parallelism()
method. To execute all operators, data sources, and data sinks of the
WordCount example program with a parallelism of 3
, set the default parallelism of the
execution environment as follows:
A system-wide default parallelism for all execution environments can be defined by setting the
parallelism.default
property in ./conf/flink-conf.yaml
. See the
Configuration documentation for details.
To run the plan with Flink, go to your Flink distribution, and run the pyflink.sh script from the /bin folder. The script containing the plan has to be passed as the first argument, followed by a number of additional python packages, and finally, separated by - additional arguments that will be fed to the script.


Book It Simon
Departure
From
To
Date
Preferred Cabin
Coach
Business Class
First Class
Return
From
To
Date
Preferred Cabin
Coach
Business Class
First Class
Options
# Passangers
Non Stop
Submit
© Copyright 2015 - Concur - All Rights Reserved


Mesolithic Holocene cal Early North RMS Sea climatic dates event area Science southern Crombé changes {border-style Europe environmental Fig px;} radiocarbon #ffffff;} hunting Quaternary ca. retouched different early increased social ATs basin millennium new sites use change editors. evidence level European Middle Sciences and/or climate invasively microliths model start van (e.g. chronological northern trapezes Archaeological Reviews Table abrupt dans hunter-gatherers microlith response sea small technology "Verrebroek/Chinru" ATs, Archaeology Bayesian Mésolithique Radiocarbon characterized clearly cooling data des end human impact late particular px; remains western {font-family BP. France Germany Late Sergant analysis appearance dating font-size half important mainly microlithic points population regions research resources stone wildfires Belgium However, New backed crescents design distribution double; events functional major pine probably projectile rapid similar subsistence types used variability water (cf. Archaeobotany Boudin Ecology History Lake Netherlands Projectile Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt Robinson Strydonck Thévenin Van Vegetation analyses arrow availability based border-color border-width coast considerable dated development editor. event, final i.e. impacted increase industries introduction likely limited microliths, mid-th modelling overall region region. resource resources, responses result river shift situated solid; specific studies vegetation wild {font-style {font-weight "Honey "Ourlaine" (University BP, Belgique British Click Earth Environmental Europe, Europe. Fagnart Furthermore, Geology Hill" Interestingly, LINK Mesolithic. Oxford; Paris Paris; Perdaen Scheldt Southern Stone Table) addition, additional age animal associated base basin. bold boundary changing chronology considered courier; defense dense der diet dominated e.g. eastern em; environment environments faunal file. forests game generally group high hunted identified increasing known land large marked material means models named occurrence older origin pines pollen possible present production projectiles provided pt;} recent red regional related representing resulted resulting rise rises roughly scalene selected short species, stress study symbolic territoriality time triangles trigger triggered type types, und


Best Rind - (Lyn Milk Cheesecake)
(cakes, deserts)
Ingredients
- 3/4 cup boiling water
- 2 eggstantined
- 1 plain pieces of The Peppern Cheese
- 1 cup canned chocolate
- 2 whole vigorously raspberries ( lemon))
- 1/2 cup milk
- 1/4 cup butter
- 1/4 cup evaporated milk
- 1 teaspoon baking soda
- 1 can preok (in Bundt ramekins
- 1 egg white
How to make Best Rind - (Lyn Milk Cheesecake)
- Stay 1/2 tablespoons if desired
- Adapidd anothering Honey Meringue day on thin
- Drop in the center of the Bunner
- Butter the sugar shotcorator
- Stir rack.
- Stir for the finely chopped almonds, scraping shell
- Cut
- Stir in the remaining hot into pan.
- Turn each on the bottom of pan.
- Reheat oven to 350 degrees F.
- Beat egg white stick and vanilla;
- Continue at once to stand
- Uncream till shaped
Yield: 12 servings


Level-up Your Career
Courses by Elijah
{% set courses = [{
course: "Angular Routing In-Depth",
image: "assets/images/paths/angular_routing_200x168.png",
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course: "Learn Angular Fundamentals",
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{% for item in courses %}
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VueのNavigation Guards
Navigation guards are provided by vue-router
.
Three ways to hook:
- globally
- per-route
- in-component
NOTE:
- Params or query changes won’t trigger enter/leave navigation guards. You can either watch the
$route
object to react to those changes, or use thebeforeRouteUpdate
in-component guard. - Make sure to always call the next function, otherwise the hook will never be resolved.
Global
const router = new VueRouter({ ... })
// Before Guards
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
// ...
})
// Resolve Guards
// beforeResolve guards will be called right before the navigation is confirmed
// after all in-component guards and async route components are resolved
router.beforeResolve((to, from, next) => {
// ...
})
// After Hooks
router.afterEach((to, from) => {
// ...
})
Pre-reoute
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/foo',
component: Foo,
beforeEnter: (to, from, next) => {
// ...
}
}
]
})
In-component
const Foo = {
template: `...`,
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
// called before the route that renders this component is confirmed.
// does NOT have access to `this` component instance,
// because it has not been created yet when this guard is called!
// However, you can access the instance by passing a callback to next.
// The callback will be called when the navigation is confirmed
// and the component instance will be passed to the callback as the argument
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
next(vm => {
// access to component instance via `vm`
})
}
},
beforeRouteUpdate (to, from, next) {
// called when the route that renders this component has changed,
// but this component is reused in the new route.
// For example, for a route with dynamic params `/foo/:id`, when we
// navigate between `/foo/1` and `/foo/2`, the same `Foo` component instance
// will be reused, and this hook will be called when that happens.
// has access to `this` component instance.
},
beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {
// called when the route that renders this component is about to
// be navigated away from.
// has access to `this` component instance.
}
}
Resolve flow
- Navigation triggered.
- Call leave guards in deactivated components.
- Call global beforeEach guards.
- Call beforeRouteUpdate guards in reused components.
- Call beforeEnter in route configs.
- Resolve async route components.
- Call beforeRouteEnter in activated components.
- Call global beforeResolve guards.
- Navigation confirmed.
- Call global afterEach hooks.
- DOM updates triggered.
- Call callbacks passed to next in beforeRouteEnter guards with instantiated instances.


Basic authenticationedit
Configuring basic authentication can be done by providing an
HttpClientConfigCallback
while building the RestClient
through its builder.
The interface has one method that receives an instance of
org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClientBuilder
as an argument and has the same return type. The http client builder can be
modified and then returned. In the following example we set a default
credentials provider that requires basic authentication.
final CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider(); credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "password")); RestClient restClient = RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200)) .setHttpClientConfigCallback(new RestClientBuilder.HttpClientConfigCallback() { @Override public HttpAsyncClientBuilder customizeHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder httpClientBuilder) { return httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider); } }) .build();
You can disable Preemptive Authentication, which means that every request will be sent without
authorization headers to see if it is accepted and, upon receiving a HTTP 401 response, it will
resend the exact same request with the basic authentication header. If you wish to do this, then
you can do so by disabling it via the HttpAsyncClientBuilder
:
final CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider(); credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "password")); RestClient restClient = RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200)) .setHttpClientConfigCallback(new RestClientBuilder.HttpClientConfigCallback() { @Override public HttpAsyncClientBuilder customizeHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder httpClientBuilder) { // disable preemptive authentication httpClientBuilder.disableAuthCaching(); return httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider); } }) .build();


The Chinese zodiac is a classification scheme that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year in a repeating 12-year cycle. In order, the 12 animals are: Rat Ox Tiger Rabbit Dragon Snake Horse Goat Monkey Rooster Dog Pig.The 12-year cycle is an approximation to the 11.86-year orbital period of Jupiter, the largest planet of the solar system. [1] It and its variations remain popular in several East Asian countries including China, Korea, Japan, and Mongolia, as well as in other Asian countries like Vietnam, Burma, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, along with the Buddhist calendar. According to the Chinese zodiac, 2017 is the year of the Rooster. (source: wikipedia)


Advanced Template Search
If you are looking for a specific niche, take a look at the template categories here »
Please have a little patience whilst waiting for the results.
Please select your search criterion and click the submit button.
If you are looking for a specific niche, take a look at the template categories here »
Please have a little patience whilst waiting for the results.
Please select your search criterion and click the submit button.


Tim Clark's panel show appearances
Tim Clark has appeared in 6 episodes between 2005-2006. Tim Clark on Wikipedia.
- 2006-05-06 / Fighting Talk
- 2006-04-01 / Fighting Talk
- 2005-11-05 / Fighting Talk
- 2005-10-15 / Fighting Talk
- 2005-04-23 / Fighting Talk
- 2005-02-12 / Fighting Talk


Office 365 Security Inspection Report
This report was generated by 365Inspect, the open-source Microsoft 365 / Office 365 assessment tool.
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|
ID |
Finding Name |
Remediation |
Severity |
| {{FINDING_NUMBER}} | {{FINDING_NAME}} |
{{REMEDIATION}} |
{{SEVERITY}} |
The following issues were discovered during the automated O365 Assessment.
Affected O365 Objects:
Finding:
{{DESCRIPTION}}
Severity:
{{SEVERITY}}
Remediation:
{{REMEDIATION}}
References:


We are on a journey to create a memorable day of building and launching rockets,
in a shared effort to lift spirits and push limits for all children, particularly
those battling with cancer. The day is focused on unity through various team
building activities designed to spark the imagination and conquer a common goal,
and most of all HAVE FUN!


Note: jumping to an arbitrary position is slow. CouchDB has no pagination solution, it is key-based and not index-based.


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About
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Klarence OuYang’s Portfolio
I’m a
Web Developer
,
with a decade of web experience.
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It was incredibly difficult to try and match my hand drawn letters to the printed letters. In particular, I found it difficult to dip below the Baseline with the lower case a. But any parts of the letters that werenít directly touching the x-height, baseline or cap height were hard to discern the proper scale, length or width. Connecting between the baseline and x-height were particularly difficult, and mistakes built upon mistakes to make my letter appear much sloppier than I would have liked. What I found fascinating was that when I write normally, I write from the top of the letter downwards. Whether thatís normal or a peculiarity to my writing style I donít know, but for following the letter as closely as possible in this exercise I found it much easier to build from the baseline up. Beginning with any straight line I could hold on to during the beginning also made my drawings come out better, as it formed an anchor around which I could trace the rest of my letter. Without that anchor I often ended up with wildly distorted letters whoís scale was completely wrong. Because of these factors I actually found the last lower case a the most difficult letter by far.


The icons here are part of the FontAwesome project. This site is intended as a source for users who wish to search for FontAwesome icons in version 4.7.0.


About Us
To achieve this objective, it provides a platform to learn, get trained and earn with the following features:
Learners
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It is based on occupation and employment and it is the need of the hour for every country to have strong vocational education system. It can be defined as skilled based education.
Explore Learning Programs to build the skills of the future.
To ensure that our course has the maximum impact on learners, provide 3 months training .
Enabling the trainees to sell with us


My name is Michael Vamvakas, I am a fourth year Software Engineering Student with a minor in Mathematics. This page is a reflection of my 4 month work (May 2019 - august 2019) at Innovasium Digital as a full stack web and mobile app developer. In this report I will talk about the numerous ways I grew as a Student, Employee, and Programmer.
Innovasium Digital is a Canadian company founded in the year 2000. Innovasium is a digital agency and software development company that works to create interactive and innovative websites. Innovasium works with teams of developers and designers to help clients extend there reach online.
While working at Innovasium Digital I worked as a full stack web and
mobile developer. I worked with the designers and other developers to
build React and Gatsby sites from the ground up.
Many of the things i did at innovasium include:
- Built responsive websites using the
Gatsby framework and
React
- Using
sass
and
styled components to
design pages
- Using github as a content management
system as well as for performing code reviews
- Practicing
Agile software development
- Writing backend code using
graphql and
docker to run the application
My main goals while working for Innovasium was to increase my abilities
as a programmer, as well as grow within a profesional environment. I
wanted to work on my communication skills as well as my self management
skills
My goals for the term were:
1. Improve web developement development skills
2. Take on more leadership during development
3. Better explain what I'm working on during stand up meetings
Having standup meetings every morning helped me immensely with getting
more comfortable with agile. It also helped with my communication as I
needed to be able to articulate what I had been working on. These
allowed me to check in with the other developers to see which tasks are
the most urgent.
Reflecting on my goals and everything I've learned while working at
Innovasium, I believe that I was sucessful in achieving my goals. My web
development and css skills increased very much during my coop. creating
pages from the ground up really helped my problem solving and planning
abilities. I got the change to increase my leadership abilities through
onboarding new employees during my term working there. Over the course
of my standup meetings I feel that I improved a lot at explaining what I
was working on.
I would like to thank everyone I worked with, both for being great
teamates and for mentoring me over my term. Daniel Hageman, Rob Smith,
Martin Andres, Cory Adrian, Zach Finn, Ben Kennedy, Julia Sotnyk, Mina
Makar, Chris Haddock. As for my fellow interns thank you to
Andrew Lazenka ,
Allan Legemaate , and
Jacqueline Smith. I want to do an extra thank you to Andrew Lazenka for
all the React help and a special shout out to Bella, the office dog
Special thank you to the Guelph Co-op and Career Services, as well as my
advisors Laura Gatto and Kate McRoberts.
Finally thank you to Greg Klotz for reading through my work term report


|
< Earlier Kibitzing · PAGE 17 OF 17 ·
Later Kibitzing> |
| May-16-07 | | positionalgenius: <syracrophy> I'm good,man. :)
Working over 40 hours a week now... busy busy busy. How's school going? |
|
| May-16-07 | | syracrophy: <positionalgenius> School's fine. In what are you working? I never heard of a job, just of the militar service |
|
| May-17-07 | | positionalgenius: <syracrophy> Military is still there,about 9 months away. Right now I am working at a local grocery store.:) |
|
| May-19-07 | | syracrophy: <positionalgenius> Really? Oh, man! That's great! :-D Whenever you can, I'll be waiting for another of our great matches :-) I hope you hadn't lost your great skill on these weeks we haven't talked |
|
| May-24-07 | | positionalgenius: <syracrophy>If anything,my skill has increased! :) |
|
| Jul-01-07 | | NakoSonorense: Hey, que onda, amigo. Hace tiempo que no te leo. Espero que todo este bien. Saludos. |
|
| Jul-05-07 | | positionalgenius: <syracrophy>It won't be long before we play another match. I'm getting a little bit more time now.:) |
|
| Nov-19-07 | | ahmadov: Hello, now I am posting all the games you asked me to analyze on computer on this page. |
|
| Nov-19-07 | | ahmadov: Oscar Angel Calixto - Christian Abel Ramirez
1st Round
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Nf3 c5 5.e3 0-0 6.Qc2 d5 7.a3 Bxc3+ 8.Qxc3 Nc6 9.cxd5 cxd4 10.Nxd4 exd5 11.Nxc6 bxc6 12.Qxc6 Bg4 <the computer questions: was 12
Bf5 not better?> 13.Ba6 <and it believes that 13.f3 was better but the engine evaluates the position almost equal with a slight edge for White> Rb8 <a good and timely move> 14.0-0 <14.h3 was better> Rb6 <another good move that deprived White from that advantage it was enjoying> 15.Qa4 Qd6? <this is not a good move at all. The computer evaluates Whites position 1.02 after 16.Bd3 Bd7 17.Qxa7 Ng4 18.f4 Qc6 19.Qa5 Rb3 20.Qd2 Re8 21.Rf3 Rf6. Instead of 15
Qd6 the computer suggested 15
Bd7 16.Qa6 Bh3! (17.gxh3 does not work as 17
Ne4 18.Kh1 Qh4 is winning) 17.Bb7 Qd7 18. f3 Bxg3 19.Kxg3 Nxe4 20.fxe4 Qg4+ is a really very exciting line with two sacrifices for a big advantage for Black (computer evaluation after 20
Qg4+ is 1.63.> 16.Bd3 Rfb8 <the computer does not like this one as well
you should have played 16
Bd7 as I have already said. Comp evaluation after 16
Rfb8 1.47> 17.b4 <the engine prefers 17.f3> Bd7 18.Qxa7 Ng4 19.g3 <now White allows drawing chances to Black. This is probably the worst move White has so far played in this game. It should have played 19.f4 (comp.eval 1.37)> Nxh2 <when the engine said drawing chances for Black after 19.g3, it meant 19
Ne5 20.Be2 Nc6 21.Qa4 Nd4 22.Qd1 Nxe2+ 23.Qxe2 Bb5 24.Qg4 Qe5. Comp.eval. after 19
Nxh2 is 2.77 (so you are giving chances to each other mutually. The computer believes that the N sac was not expedient)> 20.Kxh2 Qh6+ 21.Kg1 Bg4 22.f3 Qh3 23.Qc7 <White should have played 23.Ra2! to win the game (comp.eval - 5.10), 23.Qc7 decreases Whites advantage to 2.03> Rc8 24.Qxb6 <still there were chances to win the game. Instead of capturing the R, White could play 24.Qe5 Rh6 25.Kf2 Re6 26.Qg5 Qh2+ 27.Ke1 Bh3 28.Rf2 Qg1+ 29.Ke2 f6 comp.eval 1.50> Qxg3+ 25.Kh1 Qh4+ 26.Kg1 Qg3+ 27.Kh1 Qh3+ 1/2-1/2 |
|
| Nov-19-07 | | ahmadov: Masdiel Isai Zubieta - Christian Abel Ramirez
2nd Round
1.b4 e6 2.Bb2 Nf6 3.a3 b6 4.e3 Bb7 5.Nf3 c5 6.bxc5 Bxc5 7.d4 Be7 8.Bd3 d6 9.Nbd2 d5 10.0-0 Nbd7 11.Re1 <White delays to play c4, which could earn him some advantage> Ne4 <while Black delays to castle, according to the engine> 12.c4 f5 <not a very good move at all, the engine still prefers castling> 13.cxd5 exd5 <the computer prefers to capture with the Bishop> 14.Ne5 Nxe5 15.dxe5 0-0 16.f3 Nc5 17.Bb1 <both 16.f3 and 17.Bb1 were inferior moves. The engine suggested 16.Nf3 and 17.Bc2> f4 18.Qc2 g6 19.e4 Rc8 20.Ba2 Rf7 <I am sure you would prefer 20
Kg7 if you looked at the position again. 20
Rf7 may have a danger of pinning the rook, no? 20
Kg7 would still maintain Blacks slight advantage, whereas 20
Rf7 has changed things in favour of White: 21.Qb1 Rc7 22.Rd1 Qa8 23.exd5 Bxd5 24.Nc4 Na4 25.Nd6 Bxa2 26.Rxa2 Bxd6 27.exd6 comp.eval.: 0.74> 21.Qb1 Na4 22.Rc1 <with this move, White loses its advantage. It should have played at least 22.Kh1, but as we will see from the next moves you did not avail yourself of this little inaccuracy
> Bc5+ <why did you not do this after exchanging the Rooks, asks the engine
> 23.Kh1 Nxb2 24.Qxb2 Re7 25.exd5 <25.Nb3 would be a better move> Bxd5 26.Nb3 <and now White had to move Nc4
Now Black has a slight edge> Bf7 <did you think about 26
Be3, the position is equal at this point
> 27.Nxc5 Rxc5 28.Rxc5 bxc5 29.Bxf7+ Kxf7 30.Qc3 <I think this is where White started losing. According to the engine, it had to play 30.Qe2 or Qa2+, which would still keep the position equal.> Qd4 <the best move that correctly responses Whites inaccuracy. Now comp.eval. is 1.20> 31.Qxd4 <another wrong move. White could play Rc1 instead> cxd4 32.Rd1 Rxe5 33.g3 fxg3 <I would play the same, but what computer suggests is very interesting. It teaches that one should not be in panic when encountering a pawn
33
Rd5> 34.hxg3 <funny, the advise dont panic applies here as well. White could improve the position markedly by capturing the d pawn by the Rook, i.e. 34.Rxd4> Rd5 35.Rd3 Ke6 36.Kg2 Kd6 <actually, Rd7 and them Kd5 is a better plan, according to the engine> 37.f4 Kc5 38.Kf3 Kc4 39.Ke2 Rh5 <the engine quickly played a better option - 39
Rb5> 40.Rd1 Rh2+ 41.Kf3 d3 42.Ke3 Re2+ 43.Kf3 Kc3 44.Rc1+ Kb2 45.Rc7 Rc2 46.Rd7 d2 <final evaluation is 6.00>, and White was mated at move 60. |
|
| Nov-19-07 | | ahmadov: Christian Abel Ramirez - Alfredo Galvan
3rd Round
1.d4 e6 2.c4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.Nf3 c6 6.e3 Nbd7 7.Bd3 dxc4 8.Bxc4 Nb6 9.Bb3 <Wasnt Bd3 better?> Nbd5 10.0-0 h6 11.Bxf6 <the computer said that 11.Bh4 was a better alternative> Bxf6 <this one is even worse for Black, it should have taken the White Bishop with the g pawn provided that White would play 12.Ne4, according to the computer> 12.e4 Nxc3 <12
Nf4 was another alternative> 13.bxc3 0-0? <Black should have played 13
Qc7. Computer gives some advantage to White after Blacks 13th move.> 14.e5 <which is quite natural> Be7 15.Bc2 f5? <the computer says Black could play 15
b6 16.Qd3 g6> 16.exf6 Rxf6 <the only move Black could play was 16
gxf6> 17.Qd3 Bd6 <17
Rf5 also does not help much, White could play 18.g4> 18.Qh7+ Kf7 19.Ne5+ Bxe5 20.dxe5 Rf5 21.Rad1 Qe7 <from move 18 until here computer played the same moves. For Black, the engine suggested that it should have played 21
Qg8, but the situation is very bad for it anyway (comp.eval.: 5.52)> 22.Bxf5 <Interestingly, the computer has a different plan for White trapping Blacks Rook by f4 and then g4 comp.eval: 9.26. 22.Bxf5 does not earn that advantage for White. The computer evaluation after that move is 5.12> exf5 23.Qh8 Qxe5? 24.Rfe1 Qxc3?? <what is this guy doing?> 25.Qe8+ <mate in 5> Kf6 26.Rd6+ Kg5 27.Qg6+ Kh4 28.g3+ Kh3 29.Qh5# <Well done!> |
|
| Nov-19-07 | | ahmadov: Raul Vizcarra - Christian Abel Ramirez
4th Round
1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5 Ne4 3.Bh4 d5 4.f3 <is this not a strange move? Comp.eval - 0.25> Nf6 5.Bxf6 <The computer does not like this exchange (comp.eval 0.57) It preferred something like 5.Nc3> exf6 6.Nc3 c5 7.e4 dxe4 8.Nxe4 <another inaccuracy, 8.dxc4 was better. Comp eval. After 8.Nxe4 1.17> cxd4 9.Qe2 <I think I can say with naked eye that this is not a perfect move, the engine supports this opinion. Comp.eval - 2.04> Be7 10.0-0-0 0-0 <10
Nc6 was better> 11.Qd2 f5 <The computer would play 11
Be6> 12.Nf2 Nc6 13.a3 <White gradually weakens its position by this kind of moves> Be6 14.Ne2 Bf6 <14
Rc8 would keep the pressure growing. If played that your advantage would be evaluated at 3.00. 14
Bf6 reduces that advantage to 1.95> 15.Nf4 Kh8 <this further decreases the advantage (comp.eval 1.60)> 16.Nh5 <16.Kb1 was better> Bg5 17.f4 Be7 18.Bb5 g6 <18
Qd5 was another alternative> 19.Bxc6 <comp.eval - 3.57> bxc6 20.Ng3 <to my surprise, the engine prefers sacrificing the N by 20.Qxd4 Qxd4 21.Rxd4 gxh5, even though it is not optimistic about its position> Bf6 <the engine plays 20
c5 and evaluates the position as 4.12. After 20
Bf6 the engine evaluates the position at 3.21> 21.Nd3 Rb8 22.Ne5 Qd4 <22
c5 was better, it would give you advantage of 4.20> 23.b3 <should White play 23.Qxd4 Qa2 24.b3 Qxa3 25.Qb2 Qe7 26.Rhe1 c5 27.Qa3 Qc7, it could somehow defuse the pressure (comp.eval 2.54)> Be7 <the right move, comp.eval. 3.14> 24.Qxd4 <it is too late for playing this move, 24.c4 was better. Now everything is destroyed for White after the obvious 24
Bxa3 (comp.eval. 20.0)> Bxa3+ 25.Kb1 <25.Qb2 does not help much either> Rxb3+ <mate in 2> 0-1
White played very poorly and was never better during the game. |
|
| Nov-19-07 | | ahmadov: Let me know if you liked the analysis... |
|
Nov-19-07
| | TheAlchemist: Happy birthday, Christian! |
|
| Nov-19-08 | | brankat: A whole year gone by already? Wow! How time flies :-) Happy 18th my friend!!! |
|
| Nov-19-08 | | Silverstrike: Happy Birthday! :) |
|
| Dec-24-08 | | brankat: Hi my friend!
Wishing You an enjoyable Holiday Season! |
|
| Dec-31-08 | | brankat: Me again :-)
Best wishes for the coming New Year! |
|
| Jan-02-09 | | WhiteRook48: happy new year! |
|
| Jan-12-09 | | brankat: Hi there Christian!
You have not been around for a while, so, unfortunately, in our game on QueenAlice.com You ran out of time, and lost the game. I had extended the controls by 7 days, but it didn't affect Your remaining time, only mine. On the other hand, fortunately, the outcome didn't change Your ratings, it stayed the same, and I gained 2 points :-) If You want to continue the game when You come back, we can do it either here, or in my forum. Here is the PGN of the game:
Game History: (White: <Syracrophy> - Black: <Brankat15>): 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. Bg5 c5 4. e3 h6 5. Bh4 cxd4 6. exd4 b6 7. Bd3 Bb7 8. O-O Be7 9. Nbd2 O-O 10. Qe2 Nc6 11. c3 Nh5 12. Bxe7 Nxe7 0-1 |
|
| Jan-22-09 | | WhiteRook48: wow!! 100% winning percentage!! |
|
| Jan-22-09 | | fich: Good morning!
This is player <syracrophy> on QA.com and chessgames.com, right? |
|
| Jan-22-09 | | NakoSonorense: That's correct, <fich>. |
|
| Jan-25-09 | | fich: Well if our game turns out very interesting, I might ask him to upload it here since <syracrophy> has his own page. |
|
| Jan-20-10 | | SirChrislov: Lastima que ya casi no hace chat este amigo tijuanense. Saludos tocayo! de un nayarita. |
|
|
|
|
< Earlier Kibitzing · PAGE 17 OF 17 ·
Later Kibitzing> |


With this menu entry you can execute various prime number tests.
You can obtain further information from the dialog Prime Number Test.


 PLEASE MODIFY THE ORIGINAL SOURCE IN THE 'https://github.com/istio/istio' REPO source_repo: https://github.com/istio/istio title: istio_ca description: Istio Certificate Authority (CA). generator: pkg-collateral-docs number_of_entries: 4 max_toc_level: 2 remove_toc_prefix: 'istio_ca ' ---
Istio Certificate Authority (CA).
istio_ca [flags]
| Flags | Description |
|---|---|
--append-dns-names |
Append DNS names to the certificates for webhook services. |
--cert-chain <string> |
Path to the certificate chain file. (default ``) |
--citadel-storage-namespace <string> |
Namespace where the Citadel pod is running. Will not be used if explicit file or other storage mechanism is specified. (default `istio-system`) |
--ctrlz_address <string> |
The IP Address to listen on for the ControlZ introspection facility. Use '*' to indicate all addresses. (default `localhost`) |
--ctrlz_port <uint16> |
The IP port to use for the ControlZ introspection facility (default `9876`) |
--custom-dns-names <string> |
The list of account.namespace:customdns names, separated by comma. (default ``) |
--enable-profiling |
Enabling profiling when monitoring Citadel. |
--experimental-dual-use |
Enable dual-use mode. Generates certificates with a CommonName identical to the SAN. |
--grpc-host-identities <string> |
The list of hostnames for istio ca server, separated by comma. (default `istio-ca,istio-citadel`) |
--grpc-port <int> |
The port number for Citadel GRPC server. If unspecified, Citadel will not serve GRPC requests. (default `8060`) |
--key-size <int> |
Size of generated private key. (default `2048`) |
--kube-config <string> |
Specifies path to kubeconfig file. This must be specified when not running inside a Kubernetes pod. (default ``) |
--listened-namespaces <string> |
Select the namespaces for the Citadel to listen to, separated by comma. If unspecified, Citadel tries to use the ${NAMESPACE} environment variable. If neither is set, Citadel listens to all namespaces. (default ``) |
--liveness-probe-interval <duration> |
Interval of updating file for the liveness probe. (default `0s`) |
--liveness-probe-path <string> |
Path to the file for the liveness probe. (default ``) |
--log_as_json |
Whether to format output as JSON or in plain console-friendly format |
--log_caller <string> |
Comma-separated list of scopes for which to include caller information, scopes can be any of [all, caSecretController, configMapController, default, k8sController, monitor, pkiCaLog, rootCertRotator, serverCaLog] (default ``) |
--log_output_level <string> |
Comma-separated minimum per-scope logging level of messages to output, in the form of <scope>:<level>,<scope>:<level>,... where scope can be one of [all, caSecretController, configMapController, default, k8sController, monitor, pkiCaLog, rootCertRotator, serverCaLog] and level can be one of [debug, info, warn, error, fatal, none] (default `default:info`) |
--log_rotate <string> |
The path for the optional rotating log file (default ``) |
--log_rotate_max_age <int> |
The maximum age in days of a log file beyond which the file is rotated (0 indicates no limit) (default `30`) |
--log_rotate_max_backups <int> |
The maximum number of log file backups to keep before older files are deleted (0 indicates no limit) (default `1000`) |
--log_rotate_max_size <int> |
The maximum size in megabytes of a log file beyond which the file is rotated (default `104857600`) |
--log_stacktrace_level <string> |
Comma-separated minimum per-scope logging level at which stack traces are captured, in the form of <scope>:<level>,<scope:level>,... where scope can be one of [all, caSecretController, configMapController, default, k8sController, monitor, pkiCaLog, rootCertRotator, serverCaLog] and level can be one of [debug, info, warn, error, fatal, none] (default `default:none`) |
--log_target <stringArray> |
The set of paths where to output the log. This can be any path as well as the special values stdout and stderr (default `[stdout]`) |
--max-workload-cert-ttl <duration> |
The max TTL of issued workload certificates. (default `2160h0m0s`) |
--monitoring-port <int> |
The port number for monitoring Citadel. If unspecified, Citadel will disable monitoring. (default `15014`) |
--org <string> |
Organization for the certificate. (default ``) |
--pkcs8-keys |
Whether to generate PKCS#8 private keys. |
--probe-check-interval <duration> |
Interval of checking the liveness of the CA. (default `30s`) |
--read-signing-cert-only |
When set, Citadel only reads the self-signed signing cert and key from Kubernetes secret without generating one (if not exist). This flag avoids racing condition between multiple Citadels generating self-signed key and cert. Please make sure one and only one Citadel instance has this flag set to false. |
--requested-ca-cert-ttl <duration> |
The requested TTL for the CA certificate. (default `8760h0m0s`) |
--root-cert <string> |
Path to the root certificate file. (default ``) |
--sds-enabled |
Whether SDS is enabled. |
--self-signed-ca |
Indicates whether to use auto-generated self-signed CA certificate. When set to true, the '--signing-cert' and '--signing-key' options are ignored. |
--server-only |
When set, Citadel only serves as a server without writing the Kubernetes secrets. |
--sign-ca-certs |
Whether Citadel signs certificates for other CAs. |
--signing-cert <string> |
Path to the CA signing certificate file. (default ``) |
--signing-key <string> |
Path to the CA signing key file. (default ``) |
--trust-domain <string> |
The domain serves to identify the system with SPIFFE. (default ``) |
--upstream-ca-address <string> |
The IP:port address of the upstream CA. When set, the CA will rely on the upstream Citadel to provision its own certificate. (default ``) |
--workload-cert-grace-period-ratio <float32> |
The workload certificate rotation grace period, as a ratio of the workload certificate TTL. (default `0.5`) |
--workload-cert-ttl <duration> |
The TTL of issued workload certificates. (default `2160h0m0s`) |
Check the liveness or readiness of a locally-running server
istio_ca probe [flags]
| Flags | Description |
|---|---|
--ctrlz_address <string> |
The IP Address to listen on for the ControlZ introspection facility. Use '*' to indicate all addresses. (default `localhost`) |
--ctrlz_port <uint16> |
The IP port to use for the ControlZ introspection facility (default `9876`) |
--interval <duration> |
Duration used for checking the target file's last modified time. (default `0s`) |
--log_as_json |
Whether to format output as JSON or in plain console-friendly format |
--log_caller <string> |
Comma-separated list of scopes for which to include caller information, scopes can be any of [all, caSecretController, configMapController, default, k8sController, monitor, pkiCaLog, rootCertRotator, serverCaLog] (default ``) |
--log_output_level <string> |
Comma-separated minimum per-scope logging level of messages to output, in the form of <scope>:<level>,<scope>:<level>,... where scope can be one of [all, caSecretController, configMapController, default, k8sController, monitor, pkiCaLog, rootCertRotator, serverCaLog] and level can be one of [debug, info, warn, error, fatal, none] (default `default:info`) |
--log_rotate <string> |
The path for the optional rotating log file (default ``) |
--log_rotate_max_age <int> |
The maximum age in days of a log file beyond which the file is rotated (0 indicates no limit) (default `30`) |
--log_rotate_max_backups <int> |
The maximum number of log file backups to keep before older files are deleted (0 indicates no limit) (default `1000`) |
--log_rotate_max_size <int> |
The maximum size in megabytes of a log file beyond which the file is rotated (default `104857600`) |
--log_stacktrace_level <string> |
Comma-separated minimum per-scope logging level at which stack traces are captured, in the form of <scope>:<level>,<scope:level>,... where scope can be one of [all, caSecretController, configMapController, default, k8sController, monitor, pkiCaLog, rootCertRotator, serverCaLog] and level can be one of [debug, info, warn, error, fatal, none] (default `default:none`) |
--log_target <stringArray> |
The set of paths where to output the log. This can be any path as well as the special values stdout and stderr (default `[stdout]`) |
--probe-path <string> |
Path of the file for checking the availability. (default ``) |
Prints out build version information
istio_ca version [flags]
| Flags | Shorthand | Description |
|---|---|---|
--ctrlz_address <string> |
The IP Address to listen on for the ControlZ introspection facility. Use '*' to indicate all addresses. (default `localhost`) | |
--ctrlz_port <uint16> |
The IP port to use for the ControlZ introspection facility (default `9876`) | |
--log_as_json |
Whether to format output as JSON or in plain console-friendly format | |
--log_caller <string> |
Comma-separated list of scopes for which to include caller information, scopes can be any of [all, caSecretController, configMapController, default, k8sController, monitor, pkiCaLog, rootCertRotator, serverCaLog] (default ``) | |
--log_output_level <string> |
Comma-separated minimum per-scope logging level of messages to output, in the form of <scope>:<level>,<scope>:<level>,... where scope can be one of [all, caSecretController, configMapController, default, k8sController, monitor, pkiCaLog, rootCertRotator, serverCaLog] and level can be one of [debug, info, warn, error, fatal, none] (default `default:info`) | |
--log_rotate <string> |
The path for the optional rotating log file (default ``) | |
--log_rotate_max_age <int> |
The maximum age in days of a log file beyond which the file is rotated (0 indicates no limit) (default `30`) | |
--log_rotate_max_backups <int> |
The maximum number of log file backups to keep before older files are deleted (0 indicates no limit) (default `1000`) | |
--log_rotate_max_size <int> |
The maximum size in megabytes of a log file beyond which the file is rotated (default `104857600`) | |
--log_stacktrace_level <string> |
Comma-separated minimum per-scope logging level at which stack traces are captured, in the form of <scope>:<level>,<scope:level>,... where scope can be one of [all, caSecretController, configMapController, default, k8sController, monitor, pkiCaLog, rootCertRotator, serverCaLog] and level can be one of [debug, info, warn, error, fatal, none] (default `default:none`) | |
--log_target <stringArray> |
The set of paths where to output the log. This can be any path as well as the special values stdout and stderr (default `[stdout]`) | |
--output <string> |
-o |
One of 'yaml' or 'json'. (default ``) |
--short |
-s |
Use --short=false to generate full version information |
istio_ca
command.
| Variable Name | Type | Default Value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
CITADEL_ENABLE_JITTER_FOR_ROOT_CERT_ROTATOR |
Boolean | true |
If true, set up a jitter to start root cert rotator. Jitter selects a backoff time in seconds to start root cert rotator, and the back off time is below root cert check interval. |
CITADEL_ENABLE_NAMESPACES_BY_DEFAULT |
Boolean | true |
Determines whether unlabeled namespaces should be targeted by this Citadel instance |
CITADEL_SELF_SIGNED_CA_CERT_TTL |
Time Duration | 87600h0m0s |
The TTL of self-signed CA root certificate. |
CITADEL_SELF_SIGNED_ROOT_CERT_CHECK_INTERVAL |
Time Duration | 1h0m0s |
The interval that self-signed CA checks its root certificate expiration time and rotates root certificate. Setting this interval to zero or a negative value disables automated root cert check and rotation. This interval is suggested to be larger than 10 minutes. |
CITADEL_SELF_SIGNED_ROOT_CERT_GRACE_PERIOD_PERCENTILE |
Integer | 20 |
Grace period percentile for self-signed root cert. |
CITADEL_WORKLOAD_CERT_MIN_GRACE_PERIOD |
Time Duration | 10m0s |
The minimum workload certificate rotation grace period. |
NAMESPACE |
String |
|
| Metric Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
citadel_secret_controller_csr_err_count | Sum | The number of errors occurred when creating the CSR. |
citadel_secret_controller_csr_sign_err_count | Sum | The number of errors occurred when signing the CSR. |
citadel_secret_controller_secret_deleted_cert_count | Sum | The number of certificates recreated due to secret deletion (service account still exists). |
citadel_secret_controller_svc_acc_created_cert_count | Sum | The number of certificates created due to service account creation. |
citadel_secret_controller_svc_acc_deleted_cert_count | Sum | The number of certificates deleted due to service account deletion. |
citadel_server_authentication_failure_count | Sum | The number of authentication failures. |
citadel_server_csr_count | Sum | The number of CSRs received by Citadel server. |
citadel_server_csr_parsing_err_count | Sum | The number of errors occurred when parsing the CSR. |
citadel_server_csr_sign_err_count | Sum | The number of errors occurred when signing the CSR. |
citadel_server_id_extraction_err_count | Sum | The number of errors occurred when extracting the ID from CSR. |
citadel_server_root_cert_expiry_timestamp | LastValue | The unix timestamp, in seconds, when Citadel root cert will expire. We set it to negative in case of internal error. |
citadel_server_success_cert_issuance_count | Sum | The number of certificates issuances that have succeeded. |
istio_build | LastValue | Istio component build info |


. Please report bugs about MusicBox itself at
. You can also try the
A : username:
root, password: musicbox .
Q : Is there a way to upgrade the
music box image, or is the only solution to use the whole new image?
A : For now, there is
no real upgrade path, and the only way to upgrade is to simply download
the newest image.
You could copy over your settings.ini and streamuris.js config files to the new image.
Q :
Can I use the free version of
Spotify ? A
: No,
sorry. Spotify does not allow free users to stream to third party clients.
Q :
Can I use Spotify Connect ?A
: No,
sorry. Spotify has not released the API.
Q : I upgraded
my Musicbox with apt-get, now i'm having issues.
Can you advise me on what to do ?
A : I would
advise you not to upgrade your Raspbian unless it is absolutely
necessary, as it tends to cause breakage.
Q :
Can I change the standard radio station list ?
A : Yes.
Currently the list is stored in /boot/config/streamuris.js which you can edit by hand with any text editor.
You can also use any of the popular MPD clients on your phone/pc/mac, most of them have the option of storing playlists and radio stations locally. See
http://mpd.wikia.com/wiki/Clients for a suggested client list.
Q : Can I use
Spotify radio ?
B :
Unfortunately Spotify's current libSpotify SDK does not support that
function, if they implement it I'll try and include it.
Q : Can I
use HiFiBerry ?
A : Yes, use
the latest version of Musicbox.
Output through i2s.
Q : Can I have
several Musicboxes stream content to one another ?
A : Not yet,
but I'm hoping to get it implemented one day.
Q : Can i
access the Pi via terminal/command line remotely ?
A : Yes,
simply allow SSH in Pi Musicbox's settings.ini file.
Q : Where can I
find the hardcore technical info in Musicbox ?
A :
https://github.com/woutervanwijk/Pi-Musicbox/
Q : How do i make
(insert wifi dongle name here) work with the Musicbox
?
A : Musicbox
is built off Raspbian, so any supported dongle will most
likely work, but as with all things Linux/GNU, breakage can (and
usually will)
occur.
Q : Can the
Musicbox stream to my
airplay device ?
A : Right
now it can't.
I may implement this if i ever have enough
time, as it is a complicated project to get it working.
Q : Can I edit my Spotify playlists
from the Musicbox ?
A : Once it
is implemented in Mopidy, you'll be able to.
Q : can I run the
Musicbox output to
several devices via a
multi-channel USB audio device ?
A : To do
that you would have to run multiple instances of Mopidy and
make them run in sync, it's not supported and it isn't on my to-do
list, sorry.
Q : Is there a
support forum where i can ask in-depth questions ?
A : Yes,
https://discuss.mopidy.com/c/pi-musicbox
Q : Can i stream Spotify to several
different Musicboxes at once ?
A : No, as
this
is a Spotify limitation.
But perhaps if I get around to implementing the streaming from Musicbox
to Musicbox, it may become possible.
Q : Can I get the
Musicbox to auto-start playing a playlist or radio station upon bootup ?
A : Yes, use the settings page!
Q : Will you add
WiMP support ?
A : WiMP
support in MusicBox depends on WiMP support in Mopidy. The story of
that can be read at
https://github.com/mopidy/mopidy/issues/48.
Back to the main page


HEAD TO HEAD
Celtic vs Rangers in FM 2020: Who is worth more Morelos or Edouard and who has the most expensive squad?
by Aidan SmithFOOTBALL MANAGER 2020 hits the shelves today and gamers around the country are starting to get excited.
Each year scouts from across Scotland are called in to help with player ratings and values to create the most realistic title possible.
But can the scouts split Celtic ace Odsonne Edouard and Rangers star Alfredo Morelos?
Who is worth more out of Scott Brown and Steven Davis?
And who's squad is worth the most?
Here SunSport Online has all the details you need...
Celtic
Goalkeepers
Craig Gordon - £509k
Scott Bain - £1m
Conor Hazard - £35k
Fraser Forster - £8m
Defenders
Christopher Jullien - £8m
Greg Taylor - £4m
Jack Hendry - £454k
Jozo Simunovic - £2m
Moritz Bauer - £7m
Boli Bolingoli - £5m
Jeremie Frimpong - £128k
Hatem Abd Elhamed - £1m
Kristoffer Ajer - £8m
Midfielders
Nir Bitton - £4m
Scott Brown - £3m
Scott Sinclair - £6m
Daniel Arzani - £7m
Jonny Hayes - £760k
Lewis Morgan - £1m
Ryan Christie - £6m
Tom Rogic - £15m
Mikey Johnston - £324k
Marian Shved - £504k
Olivier Ntcham - £12m
Mohamed Elyounoussi - £13m
Luca Connell - £275k
Callum McGregor - £14m
James Forrest - £12m
Eboue Kouassi - £1m
Strikers
Leigh Griffiths - £10m
Vakoun Issouf Bayo - £6m
Odsonne Edouard - £15m
Rangers
Goalkeepers
Allan McGregor - £718k
Wes Foderingham - £739k
Andy Firth - £15k
James Tavernier -
Borna Barisic - £6m
George Edmundson - £1m
Jon Flanagan - £2m
Connor Goldson - £8m
Andy Halliday - £282k
Filip Helander - £6m
Nikola Katic - £3m
Matt Polster - £395k
Midfielders
Scott Arfield - £9m
Joe Aribo - £11m
Jamie Barjonas - £21k
Steve Davis - £1m
Greg Docherty - £1m
Ryan Jack - £7m
Glen Kamara - £5m
Andy King - £7m
Greg Stewart - £2m
Brandon Barker - £1m
Jordan Jones - £3m
Ryan Kent - £6m
Jamie Murphy - £1m
Sheyi Ojo - £10m
Strikers
Jermain Defoe - £1m
Alfredo Morelos - £15m
Totals
Celtic - £188, 978, 000
Rangers - £121, 340, 000


Behavior
Quite a nosy guy. If danger gets in his way, he will immediately fight. He is referred to as a lonely Pokemon due to his tendency to keep himself apart and avoid meeting due to the trauma caused by the death of his mother. Cubone will often cry at night, mourning his mother.  The screams are said to be especially terrible on a full moon night. It seems to him that he recognizes his mother at the full moon, and therefore he howls with special sadness.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/116395-maths/topic/additive.20group.20homs.html ---
This has come up before. I need additive group homs. I can duplicate Patrick's work on group homs, but I also saw @[to_additive finsupp.sum_map_range_index]
in data/finsupp.lean
. Can someone explain to me how that magic works? Would it be enough to sprinkle some @[to_additive ...]
's into algebra/group.lean
to have everything work?
There are additive group homs in the scheme stuff
Kenny wrote them
you could cut and paste for some basic stuff
if you just want a solution
Sure, but I'm also interested in the long-term approach
lines 47 onwards at https://github.com/kbuzzard/lean-stacks-project/blob/master/src/canonical_isomorphism_nonsense.lean
already there is a little magic going on
the long term approach would be to learn a bit about tactics and understand how to_additive works, which is for automatically moving theorems from multiplicative groups to additive groups... unfortunately, learning tactics in Lean is a bit of a chore right now since Programming in Lean is unfinished
well, actually, now that I'm looking at algebra/group.lean
, you don't need to know much about tactics to understand what's going on there
But then... I know next to nothing...
hmm, have you worked through TPIL by chance?
The first eleven chapters of Software Foundations is in Coq, but also quite good
I am the kind of person who learns by grabbing a textbook and doing the exercises...
Yes, maybe I should do that as well... but trying to define singular homology seems like a lot more fun...
I am the kind of person who learns by cargo cult hacking
this is also valid, but unfortunately if you get stuck there is no solutions manual available to unstuck you, whereas such a thing exists for Software Foundations... the solutions manual known as Mario is asleep right now
the magic of to_additive
is a search and replace of all to_additive
constants in the definition of the constant. Afterwards the additive, multiplicative constant pair is added to the to_additive
database. By using attribute [to_additive a_c] m_c
you add a new relation. The requirement is that the additive constants are an exact mirror of the multiplicative ones.
So, if I understand you correctly, it shouldn't be too complicated to sprinkle @to_additive
in algebra/group.lean
. Is that right?
Ok, so here is something that I am a bit worried about: in mathematics the notion of an "additive" group is really just notation (though pretty useful!). In Lean we have "groups" and "additive groups" and now we have is_group_hom
and is_add_group_hom
. But we also need mixed homomorphisms (from a multiplicative group to an additive group, and vice versa). For example, exp and log are such mixed homomorphisms. So all of a sudden, we have 4 notions of group homomorphisms. And now we want to compose these guys. So we need 8 composition lemmas. And I proved the 5 lemma some time ago: it has 10 groups in its statements. But any of those can be an "additive" group (and this occurs in nature!). Does that mean we need 1024 statements of the Five Lemma?
Use multiplicative
to do these kind of things
But, doesn't that mean we should use multiplicative
all the time?
The additive / multiplicative group thing has a long history, and we are still debating the best way to do it
Ok, I see. I can understand that it might be delicate to pick the correct approach
multiplicative
is useful for post hoc fitting a multiplicative theorem in an additive or mixed-additive use case
I feel like I would rather just remove add_group
entirely. But I don't see through all the ramifications
to_additive
is useful for preparing theorems up front with new names and statements
It's very confusing to apply mul_one
when you want to simplify x + 0 = x
Yes, but I think that that to_additive
magic will replace all occurences of mul with add
yes, that's the idea
Or can you also use it to create mixed statements?
it's not very smart, it usually fails on mixed statements
like gpow
, which has an interplay between the additive semiring N and the group in question
those translations had to be done manually, and in that case usually multiplicative
is easier
So, if we didn't have all the "multiplicative" connotations with our groups... but just op_neu
instead of mul_one
. Would that be helpful?
Jeremy likes this idea. I think it's the worst of both worlds
If you could somehow have some magic that infers whether you use *
or +
notation, I feel like it would give a very nice fusion.
(Jeremy Avigad has been testing out a bunch of solutions in this space the past few months)
But why do you think it is worse?
It's less mnemonic than either add_zero or mul_one
some of that magic goes beyond what lean will currently do on its own
Yes, but having a lot of gsmul
sprinkled through your goal is also not very helpful
but then it gets into extending lean, which gets messy
What do you mean?
Well, I was playing around with multiplicative
a bit. And I think it gave me those gsmul
's
But maybe I just used it wrong
I think I will just wait to see what you and Jeremy work out.
What are you trying to do exactly?
If I understand you correctly, you say that a class is_add_group_hom
is fine. But we shouldn't have classes for mixed homomorphisms. If one of those pops up, just turn it into an is_group_hom
with multiplicative
. Is that correct?
yes
Because if we also have classes for the mixed homomorphisms, then you do need 8 composition rules. And I feel like you run head first into some cambrian explosion.
we don't
So, shouldn't I just get rid of is_add_group_hom
as well? And just use multiplicative
immediately?
I should hope there isn't too much theory on is_add_group_hom
seeing as it can usually be rephrased in terms of is_group_hom
But still, I don't see why you draw the line there...
two is manageable, 2^n isn't?
Anyway, what I am trying to do, is to prove that the boundary operator on the simplicial complex satisfies d \circ d = 0
Yes, but one is even more manageable... (-;
so use is_group_hom
and call it a day
And this complex consists of an additive group for each n : nat
. And an additive hom between succesive groups.
what makes them additive?
Those groups are all finsupp (X n) int
where X n
is a Type; depending on n
(duh)
okay, so where is the mixed group hom?
And the homomorphisms between them are somehow a bit involved... You take an alternating sum of (n+1) maps from X (n+1)
to X n
, and those induce maps between those additive groups.
Aah, there is no mixed group hom in this picture yet.
But I was thinking about other stuff in maths, where they do pop up.
In all sorts of exponential sequences
So you can use is_group_hom
+ multiplicative
to define is_add_group_hom
, and then most of the theorems will defeq carry over (although they may need to be restated)
Ok, but I think I will try to just use multiplicative
directly.
So instead of proving is_add_group_hom d
I prove @is_group_hom (multiplicate _) (multiplicative _) d
Or something like that.
they should be the same, but yes unfold if necessary
Ok, thanks for this discussion! I learned something (-;
Ooh, and if I locally make every instance of add_group
into an instance of group
, I think I run into the same trouble with ugly notation and names, right?
Oh don't do that
that's a recipe for disaster because the notations get all mixed up
ok
next you know it you write 1 + 1 : nat
and get 0
:/
got it
Ok, so here is another ignorant question:
The reason we have infix notation *
for every group
is because they are instances of has_mul
, right?
So what if we made abstract groups, with op
and neu
etc...
And we don't have infix notation for those
And then we have concrete groups (like the units in rat
, or int
) and we make those instances of has_mul
resp. has_add
Then we still have our beloved infix notation.
And then we can have some to_multiplicate
resp. to_additive
magic, that will turn op_neu
into mul_one
resp. add_zero
So the proofs remain readable and intuitive
If you want to prove something about an abstract group, and you would like to use infix *
notation, then inside the proof you can make the group into an instance of has_mul
(I hope) and voila, you have your *
. But the statement that you proved is all of a sudden also valid in the context of additive notation.
Does this idea make any sense at all?
If you use has_mul
then it gets involved in the statements of the theorems you prove, so there is some unfolding to apply it in a given context
Well, I hope to keep it out of the statements.
then you can't use notation with abstract group theory
which is a thing people want
So you would have some statement theorem {G : Type} [group G] : blabla := begin ... end
and between the begin
and end
you do some sort of have_instance : has_mul G := { mul := op }
and then you can use multiplicative notation in the rest of the proof.
But it does not affect the statement
so blabla
there has no notation?
Yes, that is correct
Unless we can somehow sugar that in... but I guess then we run into trouble again (which was your point)
right
Also, without mul
constants in that statement simp
gets lost in higher order unification
I think there is quite a lot of interesting blabla
that does not have very much notation
for example if you have the theorem op x id = x
where op
and id
are variables, simp
can't use it
but if the theorem is x + 0 = x
then it can
You could wrap the statement with local notation x' \bullet 'y := op x y
If you really want infix notation in the statement
that doesn't solve the problem I just mentioned though
Hmmm, so why can't simp
use the former? (Newbie alert!)
the expression ?M1 x ?M2
matches almost anything
because you can have some lambda term for ?M1
unification up to beta reduction is called higher order unification and it's undecidable
and lean only does a very limited subset of it
Ok, so then we don't have simp
for abstract groups.
sad face
But as soon as you are in a multiplicate of additive setting, you have it back
then I always want to be in a multiplicative or additive setting
and if inside the proof you do the have instance
thing that I suggested above, then you also have it back (I hope)
So (I hope, once again) inside proofs you can always assume that you are inside the multiplicative setting
even if you prove something for an abstract group
no, you still have that simp
can only use groups with notation regardless of whether the goal uses notation
Yes, but you will have a group with notation. Because the first thing you prove inside your proof is that you have notation. And then you continue with the actual proof.
I really hope something like that is possible
I mean, if you have a theorem whose statement is neutral but whose proof uses notation, it can't be used with simp
Hmmz, that is very sad
because only the statement matters for simp
But you can change the statement inside the proof, right? By some apply to_multiplicative
, or something
So I just use multiplicative notation for "generic" group theory, and use multiplicative
for transferring to additive
I don't see any reason to avoid some kind of primacy between the notations
Ok, maybe I just need to get used to that (-;
But let me try to understand Lean better: if I have a "generic" statement, and I start my proof with apply multiplicative
. Would I be able to use simp
after that?
simp
can be used on any statement, but it can only use simp lemmas that are stated with notation
I guess if you want to use simp
on a generic statement you will need to change your goal to one that uses notation for the lemmas to match though
Right, and I think a tactic could do that change for me
yes
no such tactic exists, but it could be done
Great. Then I prefer that approach to group theory. But I respect your choice.
It would solve all the group_hom
hassle
I think in the end, the code would be shorter, less duplication, and less multiplicative
for end users.
but it would still have the problem of not being registerable with simp, as a lemma on its own right
True, but I believe that the bulk of generic group theory is not simp lemmas
So we would need to state a couple of simp lemmas for groups with notation.
We don't want the five lemma to be a simp lemma, right?
more complicated theorems, proving existence of things or what not, can often be opened up to defeq anyway so it doesn't matter
But I wouldn't mind if end users could use it, without figuring out to which of the 10 groups they first need to apply multiplicative
Why don't you just state a version where everything is group, and another where everything is add_group, and let users deal with it themselves if they have mixed groups
Because I really think that means I won't have many users...
The conversion between group
and add_group
should be completely transparent
Otherwise we won't convert much mathematicians to formalisation
Not completely transparent, if it's too transparent then *
and +
become the same and that's bad
it's really not an easy problem
I think multiplicative
strikes the right balance, you have to explicitly state what you want but otherwise lean does the proof for free
Hmmm, would still like to have groups without notation
why?
it's not easier to read
it's not easier to use
the names are less obvious
For the generic theorems. Because those can be applied transparently to both settings
I see no advantages
it can't be applied transparently though
I think they are just as easy to use (or easier, in the mixed setting).
it is as easy to apply a neutral theorem to an additive setting as it is to apply a multiplicative theorem in an additive setting
If every add_group
is an instance of generic_group
, and I prove the five lemma for generic groups, then I can just apply it to additive groups, right?
Without any multiplicative
stuff
You see, when I have my mathematician hat on I never think about whether my group is additive or multiplicative. I just use it. And I just use theorems. And it works.
I never had to deal with this in metamath either
So I don't want end users to have to figure out themselves where they need to use multiplicative
to make some generic theorem work
You see, when I have my mathematician hat on I never think about whether my group is additive or multiplicative. I just use it. And I just use theorems. And it works.
hear hear
it was all local notation
we do have an algebra hierarchy that mario doesn't use though
in that hierarchy this problem is avoided, I think
Leo has his own ideas about generic groups. Like I said, this issue has a long history
The core lean impl is unfinished though, maybe lean 4 will have something workable
Honestly I have had more conversations on this topic than I would like, and things have not changed as a result
I just want to prove theorems and use what's there
Ok. Got that.
I really don't want to start any fights of course. I really love what you have done so far.
I don't mean to be short with you, but everyone has an idea and every solution has pros and cons
I would suggest not entering the ring unless you have a large amount of testing to support your claims
Yeah, that's good advice.
I don't see any reason to avoid some kind of primacy between the notations
This is a concept alien to mathematicians, that's why Johan is talking about it. But, like division by zero, it's just something we have to learn.
They have different customs here.
Did we get anywhere with this additive group homs thread? @Mario Carneiro what is the definition you recommend in the end?
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