texts:
In the web of today, it is very common to use only DIV tags and describe the “semantics” of a particular division using style-sheet classes (CSS files). In this respect, maybe the only semantic attribute within a tag  is the class name itself.

vs.

  In the web of today, it is very common to use only DIV tags and describe the “semantics” of a particular division using style-sheet classes (CSS files). In this respect, maybe the class name itself is the only semantic attribute within a tag.

Did I use "itself" correctly? Moreover, I still feel don't know the natural order of clauses in English, for example which of the above sentences has more natural order?

As another example, consider this pattern to say the purpose before the action, is it natural?

  In our approach, we try to simulate the way a human user finds specific data within a web page. People usually rely on the visual appearance (fonts, colors, text or link density) and semantic cues (titles, highlighted words, the meaning of specific phrases) to build an image of the page content structure. [(1) To detect the boundaries of the segments], they may scan the page top-down or bottom-up by means of text and visual signals [(2)To detect the boundaries of the segments].


texts: Prepositions usage, "in" or "on" the user profile

texts:
What preposition should be used in this sentence:

The information about gender is given "in/on/at" the user's profile.


texts:
What does "The air is thin up here" mean?

Does it have a positive connotation? E.g. when you are wearing heels in order to look taller.


texts:
How I could say that my paragraph discusses something in a correct English sentence.

  This paragraph discusses the incorporating method A in the B context.

or

  This paragraph discusses the incorporation of method A in the B context.

Which one is correct and why?


texts: Does "frame" or "framework" work for the following context?

texts:
I want to say that someone can study by-himself but he needs a "frame" or "framework" meaning that he needs to be in an institute that will manage and coach him.

Now based on my native language the translation is "frame" or "framework", but I couldn't find evidence for such usage. I've check the meaning of both words in Cambridge dictionary and Oxford dictionary but I didn't find such meaning.


texts: What does "having budgets" in this context mean?

texts:
To overcome this problem, I believe primary education should teach
  children about the importance of being within \ having budget(s).

A native English speaker suggests to write "having budgets" instead of "being within budget".

Why "being within" is wrong and "having budgets" is correct, and please explain what "having budgets" means.


texts: What does the word "turn-in" in "Turn-in instructions" mean?

texts: I have run into that phrase when I read a homework assignment. I can't find any clear explanation on the internet. I only see "in-turn" instead. Please help me understand that. If you need the context document, I will post it.


texts: What is the meaning of 'screen' in this context?

texts: Tate and I started to make an anthology together. It was a very interesting year I spent with Tate and his wife. He’s a poet who writes in spurts, and he had about a third of a book. I was going to do a biography of Jonathan Edwards and he was going to write a novel, and our wives were going to write novels. Well, the wives just went humming away. “I’ve just finished three pages,” they’d say at the end of the day; and their books mounted up. But ours never did, though one morning Allen wrote four pages to his novel, very brilliant. We were in a little study together separated by a screen. I was heaping up books on Jonathan Edwards and taking notes, and getting more and more numb on the subject, looking at old leather-bound volumes on freedom of the will and so on, and feeling less and less a calling. And there we stuck. And then we decided to make an anthology together. We both liked rather formal, difficult poems, and we were reading particularly the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the evening we’d read aloud, and we started a card catalog of what we’d make for the anthology. And then we started writing. It seems to me we took old models like Drayton’s Ode—Tate wrote a poem called “The Young Proconsuls of the Air” in that stanza. I think there’s a trick to formal poetry. Most poetry is very formal, but when a modern poet is formal he gets more attention for it than old poets did. Somehow we’ve tried to make it look difficult. For example, Shelley can just rattle off terza rima by the page, and it’s very smooth, doesn’t seem an obstruction to him—you sometimes wish it were more difficult. Well, someone does that today and in modern style it looks as though he’s wrestling with every line and may be pushed into confusion, as though he’s having a real struggle with form and content. Marks of that are in the finished poem. And I think both Tate and I felt that we wanted our formal patterns to seem a hardship and something that we couldn’t rattle off easily.


texts:
Is "being" okay in the following? What difference does it make if it is removed?

  (Being) washed two weeks ago, the car still looks spotlessly clean.


texts: An adjective for something that is not as well-known as it should be

texts:
There are two related problems that I am working on. The first problem is very famous. The second problem was published in a book about 70 years ago, but since then, little attention has been given to it. What adjective can I use to describe the second problem?

I looked for antonyms of "famous" and got a long list of adjectives:

  unknown
  bad
  common
  contemptible
  inconspicuous
  ineffective
  infamous
  inferior
  insignificant
  little
  low
  normal
  obscure
  ordinary
  poor
  powerless
  regular
  small
  stupid
  typical
  unimportant
  unimpressive
  unnoteworthy
  unremarkable
  usual
  weak
  unnotable

But, most of them imply that the second problem is not very important or interesting. I do not want to imply this; on the contrary, I want to imply that it is important and interesting, only it has not been given sufficient attention. What adjective can I use?


texts: How can I mentioned a Chapter and its subsections in the same sentence

texts:
I would like to introduce my chapter and its subsections a sentence. Here is my try:

  Chapter (1) contains three main parts. First part, namely Section (1.1), establishes method A. Second part of this chapter, in Section (1.2), we develop a novel estimation method.

I feel that my sentence is correct, but the structure is not.
How can I press my idea in a clear nice way? any help, please?


texts:
Steve Anderson has always had a passion for food. He was taught to
  cook by his mother, who is half Burmese. After studying physics in
  college, he got a summer job helping with a cooking course in Italy.

Source: American English File 3

Is the bold word equivalent with "a summer job which was helping with a ..."?


texts:
a. It took a lot of effort for the bridge to be constructed.
Is that sentence grammatically correct?
The intended meaning is that constructing the bridge took a lot of effort.

I am used to sentences like:
b. It took a lot of effort for us to construct the bridge.
and
c. It took us a lot of effort to construct the bridge.
I am not sure (a) is correct.


texts: Meaning of "kick up a percentage of earnings like dues"

texts:
I'm watching a tv show, the Baby-Sitters club, and in this scene a teenage girl is telling her dad about a babysitting business she's planning with her friends.

Kristie: We meet three times a week, and people call in to the meetings to offer us jobs, and it gets scheduled and confirmed right then.
Dad: How are your rates?
K: Competitive.
Dad: Do you kick up a percentage of your earnings like dues?
K: Yeah, all of that.

What does the sentence marked in stars mean?
I'm confused especially because some of the words have a few different meanings. For example, does "percentage" here mean % or "an amount, such as an allowance or commission, that is a proportion of a larger sum of money"? And what about the meaning of "kick up"?
Thanks in advance.


texts: "I will not" or "I don't" as an answer for negative orders?

texts:
She: "Don't forget to bring washing powder.

  I: Okay, I don't. (or I will not?)

I know the rule of thumb that in interrogative sentences we always have to answer in the same tense that we were asked. (For example: Are you there? Yes, I am.  or "Do you like it? Yes, I do.) But in this case which is not interrogative sentence but an order, I'm not sure what would be correct.


texts: Does "not to be" mean "does not" or "should not"?

texts:
This page says

  In statistics, the likelihood function (often simply called the likelihood) expresses the plausibilities of different parameter values for a given sample of data. While not to be interpreted as a probability, it is equal to the joint probability distribution of a random sample. However, whereas the latter is a density function defined on the sample space for a particular choice of parameter values, the likelihood function is defined on the parameter space while the random variable is fixed at the given observations.

What does "While not to be interpreted as a probability" mean here? Especially "not to be".

Does it imply this meaning (my own version)?

  although mathematician/statistician does interpret this object as a probability...


texts: How to express when someone takes a kind of cloth (blanket, rug etc) and air them

texts:
I’m trying to find an expression for the following case. In some neighbourhoods, people take their blankets or rugs out of their windows or to the balcony and they “shake” them or whatever the right verb is and they let the fresh air goes into their stuff and let the dirt fall off. How to express this act of “shaking”. Let’s say, can I say something like

  She took their rugs to the balcony and air them (or shake them).

My dictionary says “shake the rugs” is ok but not sure if it sounds ok. Thanks


texts: The differences between "dainty, small and delicate"

texts:
Dainty and small girls would love to be pale and delicate.

This sentence is from an article about "Looking Good".

When I look over dainty on online dictionary
I find its synonyms are "small, delicate". I found other usages such as dainty small earrings, a dainty small cake.

I want to know  "Why did the author use these synonyms together in a sentence?" Is it redundant adjective or emphasis adjective used instead of 'very'.


texts: 'Present perfect + three days before' is this correct?

texts:
I'm not a native-speaker, so sometimes present perfect is tricky to me.

a. They stayed three days ago. (OK)
b. They have stayed three days before. (???)
c. They (have) stayed before. (OK)

So, my book says a, b and c are possible. a, c are ok to me, but I think b is somewhat awkward. Is b ok in grammar? If so what is difference between a and b?


texts: Use of progressive in this situation incorrect?

texts:
The only thing you can do is eating it.
The only thing you can do is eat it.
The only thing you can do is jumping on it.
The only thing you can do is jump on it.

I am wondering if using the progressive here is wrong, because it does sound wrong, but I am not 100% sure why it's wrong.


texts: I'd like to know where does the term snuff film come from. After some research I've found the correspondence to snuff out = to die in French but I'm not sure of the translation. What's its exact origin? Thank you in advance.


texts: Can I use a continuous form in this case

texts:
I would like to say that since we have been here (about one month now) it keeps raining a little but every day

Can I use the continuous form

It has been raining a little since we have been here


texts: "administration to rhesus macaques" vs. "administration in rhesus macaques"

texts:
This study compares the immunotoxic effects of repeated administration of two monoclonal antibodies, ABC-12 (RusBio, lot #1023) and Herceptin (Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland), to rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Can one use the preposition "in" there? I googled around, and found that drugs are administered "to" patients, but would "in" be passable?


texts: You child is standing on the spot that is covered with the sunlight. Would you say "Don't stand in the sun. You'll get burnt"?

texts:
sun [singular, uncountable] the light and heat from the sun SYNONYM
  sunshine

  the warmth of the afternoon sun

  The sun was blazing hot.

  This room gets the sun in the mornings.

  in the sun We sat in the sun.

  The harvested crop is dried in the hot Indian sun.

  They've booked a holiday in the sun (= in a place where it is warm and
  the sun shines a lot).

  out of the sun We did our best to keep out of the sun.

  Her face had obviously caught the sun (= become red or brown) on
  holiday.

  Too much sun ages the skin.

  I was driving westwards and I had the sun in my eyes (= the sun was
  shining in my eyes).

  Patients are advised to avoid sun exposure for six weeks.

Normally, we say "sit/stand in the sun" in an open space such as "on a beach" or "on the street".

But I am not sure I can say "sit/stand in the sun" when I am standing on a spot that is covered with some sunlight inside my house.

There is some sunlight flooding into the room.

You child is standing on the spot that is covered with the sunlight.

Would you say "Don't stand in the sun. You'll get burnt" or "Stay away from the sunlight."?


texts: Would English speakers use "by themselves" here

texts:
I have heard from a friend of mine the statement below:

  The school never forces students to pay their fees; they pay their fees in time by themselves.

I am aware of the fact that "by oneself" commonly means "do something without others' help." But here i am trying to express the "punctuality" and "honesty" of the students.

Is it how English speakers say this?

Thanks in advance.


texts: To answer the question ((What is your name?))

texts:
There is this problem I came up with in one of my classes.

How common is it to answer the question “What's your name?" with

  It's ________.

Instead of

  My name's ________.

I would appreciate knowing if native speakers find both forms of answer natural.


texts: "Why we are here ?" vs "Why are we here ?"

texts:
I would like to ask this question to an audience during a presentation and follow with an explanation. I wonder which form is correct—Why we are here? or Why are we here?

I understand that the correct form should be Why are we here?, but the form Why we are here in the context of religion, for example, is quite popular.

Is Why we are here? a grammatical mistake? If so, then what is the correct context in which to use Why we are here?

I tried to search Google, but the sentence is too general and it is hard to find anything.


texts: Prepositions for places "at", "in" or "on"

texts:
I am concerned about what preposition I should use in this sentence.

  We met at an event.
  or
  We met on an event.

Basically, when I have to use prepositions for places I get really confused between "on" and "at". Sometimes I even wonder if it should be "in". So can you please teach me how and when to use these 3 prepositions for places?


texts: ' to find' and 'to develop' can be synonyms?

texts:
My textbook give me the next example sentence:

  They're in research and development. They find new products for the company to sell.

But I can't see clear the meaning of 'find' in this sentence and I think it's better to use 'develop' instead of 'find':

  They're in research and development. They develop new products for the company to sell.

Am I right according to the meaning 'research and development'?
Or 'to find' has the meaning 'to develop' as well?


texts:
Back then we had open sewers. He was a filthy kid, always riding his bicycle into a drain, falling into mud etc.

  Back then we had open sewers. He was a filthy kid, always riding his bicycle into the drain, falling into mud etc.

Now, I understand that we use the when we're talking about something in particular. And sure the drain the the kid rode his bicycle into was one specific drain. But still it comes to me as though the kid falling into the/a drain bears little significance here, putting it in perspective of the overall meaning. So here, are a/the interchangeable? The first sentence is still grammatically correct, right?
Like i could say, "I was on a bus when this happened." Or "I was on the bus when this happened.", and the overall meaning would remain the same, right?


texts: Can I say 'fall far of [sth]' by analogy of 'fall short of [sth]'?

texts: Can I say 'fall far of [sth]' by analogy with 'fall short of [sth]'? If not, what expression can be used instead to mean that the result of some actions was far from what was planned/expected?


texts:
Should I specify who is doing the action when I use "it" as dummy subject? For instance:

  It would be interesting to tell us about ...

Is this okay?


texts:
If is from Crash Course US history. It is at 14 minute and 12 second.

  We will give our last words today to Eric Foner, who never Foner's it in.


texts:
I wrote:

  An increased bending in a pallet car can stop the conveyor.

Here by "increased" I mean a bending which is ...mmmm.. beyond a specific limit, exceeding a limit (something like overload, or excess (maybe I should use excess!)). I don't know if it means what I purpose or not! to me "increased" needs a reference point.

I searched for the meaning of "increased" but didn't find much in dictionaries. Longman has an example

  an increased incidence of childhood leukaemia

but don't know if it matches my meaning.

The question is does increased means something like excess?, if not what it means?


texts: Giving a speech to or giving a speech for?

texts:
I just read this tweet:
“Timothee Chalamet gives a HELL OF A SPEECH for @JOSH_BENNY at #NBR for Best Original Screenplay”

I am wondering if it’s correct to write “gives a speech for” I tough it should be “gives a speech to”. Am I right?


texts: What's the most polite and native way to say "no" in this scenario?

texts:
A customer pays a monthly bill for a specific service. The company wasn't able to provide this service for three days. The customer calls me since I work as a customer service representative and he asks for a refund or an additional three days as a a substitution. The policy doesn't allow me to give any kind of substitution in this scenario. I can't even place a complaint for him because it will be useless.

Here's what I would like to say and please convert it into a polite speech:

No substitutions by any means or under any circumstances.
No complaints.
I wish If I can help you but it's something out of my hands.
If there's something I can do, I would have done it but it's impossible to substitute.

Edit:
I wrote this story so that you can understand the context only. I'm not asking "What to do in this case?" I'm asking about how to say the four sentences mentioned above in a polite way? Please, answer me (at least, for the sake of learning English).
BTW, sometimes customers sign the contract and agree that the will not receive any substitution for occasional technical issues but they still ask for it.


texts: What's the meaning "did" and "through" in this sentence?

texts:
I came across this sentence "So did the Old Ball; it lay there sighing through its crack all day long,"

The context is that the Old ball broke and new ball was bought. And this Old Ball is anthropomorphic.

I couldn't understand the meaning "did" and "through" in this sentence. Does "through" mean "caused by"? What's the meaning "did" in this sentence?


texts: What does "in the old dame" exactly mean?

texts:
There is a dance or two in the old dame yet.

What does the sentence exactly mean? The problem might be in the phrase "in the old dame". The meaning of "dame" is "a woman", but the phrase "in the old dame" sounds like a place rather a person.

Context: This was found in a linguistic book:

  We have the verb dance as in "Let's dance" and the noun dance as in "There is a dance or two in the old dame yet."


texts: He is in such good shape or He is in such a good shape?

texts:
I know that 'be in good shape' means someone is very healthy and in very good condition. I also learned the sentence that 'someone is in such a good sth'. So my question is, which one should I say in these two sentences:

  He is in such good shape

  He is in such a good shape.


texts: What is the participle of "stop working" and should I use it?

texts:
I was trying to formulate the present participle form of the sentence "My body slowly stops working". My intuition told me that I should be writing "My body is slowly stopping to work." However I have realised that if that is actually the correct participle, then it would be identical to the participle of "My body slowly stops to work.", leading to some ambiguity. I thought that this shouldn't be the case, so I tried to find other examples, only to realise that most websites seem to be trying to avoid that specific structure.

As a result, I was thinking of other constructs that are similar, for example "I am beginning to understand", however this website says that you can use both gerund or infinitive after begin.

At this point, I was considering whether it is not allowed to create the participle of "stop + gerund" and it should be avoided at all cost, for example by simply writing "My body slowly stops working". However, there is one example I have found on this German-English translation page, that mentions the sentence

  I was trying to endure the inflammation without stopping to work.

which seems to be exactly the declination that my intuition gave me and which seems to be hard to avoid the gerund without completely rephrasing the last bit. Is it bad practice or even forbidden to try use a participle in a construct like this, or is the ambiguity after forming the sentence just a quirk of the English language?


texts:
In a book, I came across a sentence

The UK economist John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946), for example, argued that the world is ruled by little other than the ideas of economic theorists and political philosophers.

I was not able to understand the meaning of the highlighted text.


texts: Being+verb vs. present perfect continuous

texts:
In the movie ''The Accountant'' by Ben Affleck, there was a scene where he has spotted an embezzlement in the company. And then, he said it to Anna Kendrick(another accountant) particularly in this way:

  Ben Affleck: ''The money is being put back''.

The situation here is the money is ''being put back" by the embezzler for a number of years, in RANDOM times, maybe to avoid being caught...

What is the difference if I said this using present perfect continuous:

  The embezzler has been putting the money back into the company's account.

Is there any difference between the two?


texts: Using the verb "crack a joke" transitively

texts:
Based on dictionary definition here(#10) I know that the word "cracK" is a transitive verb, hence I should be able to make a sentence like the one bellow:

  He is a very funny guy. He cracks us a hundred jokes a day.

Unfortunately, I didn't find even a single example on the internet where this verb has been used transitively.

I need to know how a native would say my self-made sentence?


texts: One of the most interesting projects I worked on in the past couple of years (tense choice)

texts:
I want to tell someone about one of the most interesting projects I was involved in during the past couple of years:

  One of the most interesting projects I worked on in the past couple of years [is about ...]

  One of the most interesting projects I've worked on in the past couple of years [is about ...]

  One of the most interesting projects I've been working on in the past couple of years [is about ...]

Could you please explain which tense (the simple past, the present perfect, the present perfect continuous) is correct for this purpose and why?

What if I'm still working on this project? Does it make a difference?


texts: Is "How you feel about it" a correct sentence?

texts:
You can see many sentences like: "How you felt when you were in love", "How you can't sleep", "How you feeling" in friends series.
My question is that are these sentences correct?
They shouldn't be "How did you feel....", "How can't you sleep", "How are you feeling" ?


texts:
In this sentence, should I use the before load balancing? And I wanted to know whether I should use done or performed in this sentence?

In this architecture, .... load balancing is done not only among cameras of a domain, but
also among different domains.


texts: How to find proper phrasal verbs or idioms for the sentence you're translating?

texts:
Let's assume you're translating a sentence. You can translate everything in English but sometimes there are idioms and phrasal verbs that you can use to make your sentnce more clear and compact. e.g., for this sentence:

  I want to seperate it into pieces.

You can use "break up". i.e.,

  I want to break it up.

But the point is that finding such phrasal verbs is difficult. I mean you don't know if such phrasal verb exist or how to search to find such phrasal verb. You non-native, How do you know that if such phrasal verb exist? How do you find them?

For example, I use https://www.thefreedictionary.com/break to find the meaning of phrasal verbs but it appears that we cannot use it in reverse direction as I said. Do you use any specific dictionary?


texts: verb form(past participle, present participle)

texts:
From The Analysis of Mind by Bertrand Russell:

  The traditional conception of cause and effect is one which modern
  science shows to be fundamentally erroneous, and requiring to be
  replaced by a quite different notion, that of LAWS OF CHANGE.

I don't understand why requiring was used. I think it is incorrect, and required or requiring without the preceding and is grammatically correct. If I am wrong, please, enlighten me.


texts: Wondering if this is typo at EURONEWS chanel now in their subtitle

texts:
This is the exact copy of breaking news now broadcast on Euronews TV. There's a word -Conclevesily! Is this a typo? If yes what could be the correct word?

  Investigators had 'conclevesily' ' stablished that one of the pilots or someone else had with flying experience had hijacked the plane, unnamed Malaydian government official said.


texts: Have you ever done 'anything' that you were completely sure was of your own free will? Is this a double relative clause?

texts:
Have you ever done anything that you were completely sure was of
  your own free will?

Might I trouble you to tell me whether my parsing is right or not?

It seems to be a double relative clause.

anything that you were completely sure
anything that was of your own free will


texts: Does English language ever use acute accent mark to denote word stress?

texts:
I do not mean acutes which denote special letter pronunciation, like in "canapé" or "résumé". I mean solely the acute accent mark which is used to indicate stress, or stressed syllable. For example, in Russian we use it in textbooks, books for children, in dictionaries etc. In Greek it is mandatory in almost every single word except monosyllabic ones.

Is it used in English, at least in some cases? I think if it were used, it would be useful because it would help distinguish such pairs as présent–presént, cóntrol–contról and so on. However, I have no idea where to put this mark in words like "repeat" or "deceive".


texts: I thought it was hard at school vs I thought school was hard

texts:
Could you say please there is any difference? Are both sentences common?

I thought it was hard at school.

I thought school was hard.


texts: How to analyze this sentence’s logic: “If it rains, I'll take an umbrella.”

texts:
A person was asked to analyze the following sentence, but couldn't answer even after some searching.  They did not understand that this was a logic puzzle.

  If it rains, I'll take an umbrella.

How would one analyze the truth table of the logic of this sentence?


texts: I was wondering if it was better to say "I learned" or "I have learned to play the guitar from an early age"?


texts: Correct answer from options: True, false and not given

texts:
I would like to have some clarification on the below question and its given answer.

  Does the following statement agree with the views of the writer in given passage?
  You have to answer,

  True: If the statement agrees with the writer
  False: If the state does not agree with the writer
  Not given: if there is no information about this in the passage

  Statement:

  Guitar was used in rock and roll from the 1940s.

  Passage:

  In the earliest rock and roll styles of the late 1940s and early 1950s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late 1950s.

According to the tutor, the answer is FALSE but I think the answer to this question should actually be NOT GIVEN. The passage says guitar generally became the LEAD instrument in the 1950s, It DOES NOT SAY clearly whether guitars were used in 1940s or not. Hence the answer should be NOT GIVEN.

Which is the correct answer?


texts: What is "the bucket analogy" that the writer is talking about in this passage

texts:
Databases relationships are quantified with the following categories:
  • One-to-one relationships
  • One-to-many relationships
  • Many-to-many relationships
  We’ll discuss each of these relationships and provide an example. If you think of a
  family structure when thinking about relationships, you’re ahead of the game. When
  you spend time alone with one parent, that’s a specific type of relationship; when
  you spend time with both your parents, that’s another one. If you bring in a significant
  partner and all of you—your parents, you, and your partner—do something
  together, that’s another relationship. This is identical to the bucket analogy. All
  those different types of relationships are like specific buckets that hold the dynamics
  of your relationships. In the database world, this is the data you’ve created.

What is that bucket analogy the write is talking about?


texts:
On some days she is pretty lethargic; otherwise, she is super energetic.

Vs

  Some days she is pretty lethargic; otherwise, she is super energetic.

Is preposition on necessary?


texts: To change one's potential (abilities) to actual

texts:
I was wondering if the structure of the sentences below sounds natural:

  1- You can do everything. Just you have to change your potential to actual.

  2- You can do everything. Just you have to change your potential abilities to actual.

Please kindly let me know which one sounds idiomatic and natural to you? If none of them, then please let me know how shall I express these meanings?


texts: Is it possible to say "hold the silence"?

texts: I have to write a formal essay about environmental issues. I want to write a sentence: "I can no longer hold the silence about this problem". Is it possible to say this? Or its better to say something like maintain/remain/keep my silence? Which one sounds more formal?


texts:
I have seen this sentence in a medical text on a disease.

"....The patient’s vision—or life—may depend on a timely diagnosis...."

My question is why does the author just not write "...the patients vision or life may depend on......" but instead puts the words "...or life...." into two dashes. What difference does it make putting it that way?

Does it give a special function or meaning?


texts:
Having a look on dictionary definitions:

Boastful:

Someone who is boastful often talks proudly about things they have done or can do, or about something they own, especially in order to make other people admire them

Immodest:

Someone who is immodest thinks they are very good or clever and likes to talk about their achievements.

Example:

  I hate the way she behaves. She often always speaks about her husband and his wealth and his influence in the gold market and the number of properties they own. She has never had any new word to say. She's really a/an __________ person.

a. boastful
b. immodest

I see nothing different between these two adjectives in this sense and I think I can interchange them here in this specific example.

I need to know how a native speaker thinks about them.


texts: Past Simple Tense BEFORE Past Perfect Tense

texts:
We have two sentences with the same words and actions in the past:

He had said that to me BEFORE I asked him.
Here we have classical representation of Past Perfect by its rules.
As I read here on site some answer that the word "before" is sufficient to show that the first action is " he says" and we can use simply Past Simple instead of Past Perfect it will be equally intelligible and we can say:
He had said that to me BEFORE I asked him. = He said that to me BEFORE I asked him.

But! Can it be possible that Past Perfect Tense may express UNFINISHED action that happened BEFORE the next action but was not finished? For example we say:

He said that to me BEFORE I had asked him.

May it mean that I started asking him, maybe I opened my mouth and it was THE FIRST action and he, for example, understood "what" I was going to ask him and started "to say "that" to me"? So, that was the second action and we use in such cases or sentences exactly this arrangement of grammatical tenses, as was shown in the third example....


texts: "yellow useless part" or "useless yellow part"?

texts:
This may be a simple question but it has me confused. Is it "yellow useless part" or "useless yellow part" in the sentence below?

  He threw the yellow useless part of cigarette.

By useless yellow part, I mean the part that remains after you are done smoking a cigarette i.e, cigarette butt.


texts:
From the movie Godzilla (2014)

  One day, I met a guy who runs a cargo boat offshore. Everyday he goes right past the reactor site. So, he places a couple frequency monitors on buoys for me. Two weeks ago, because I check this thing like every other day just for the kick in the teeth. Two weeks ago, I'm tuning in...

What does this expression mean? There is the expression kick in the teeth that's used to describe how badly you're being treated by someone, but it doesn't seem like that's what the person in the quote is saying.


texts: Can towering be used as a lone adjective?

texts:
I think you can write sentences like "He was towering above me."

But can you write: "He was towering and good-looking."?

Why or why not?


texts:
Let's say Team A and Team B have a soccer match. Now the referee says: it's a penalty to Team A. Does it mean Team B Kicks the Penalty kick or Team A kicks it?

And I also saw the phrase "penalty for ...". Does both "penalty for team A" and "penalty to team A" mean the same?


texts: Can passive voice and active voice be used in one sentence?

texts:
Here is the sentence:

  Fifteen new people have been recruited and five resigned.

or

  Fifteen new people have been recruited and five have resigned.

According to me sentence number 2 is correct, here rule of parallelism is applied with and.


texts: I have a lamp to repair vs I have a lamp to be repaired. To infinitive passive or active?

texts:
I'm trying to study to infinitive passive/active form, and I've seen the explanation.

It says, we use the active infinitive if we are focusing on the agent(doer of the action), and passive if we are focusing on the receiver of the action(one who experiences it) or when it's not important to mention the agent:

  The doctor gave me an eye-patch to wear. (O)

  The doctor gave me an eye-patch to be worn. (X) since the 'doer' of the action here is me.

But I'm still unclear about when to use passive/active, because I feel like in most cases both forms are acceptable and it's hard to distinguish when should I not use one of the two.

For example,

  a) I have a lamp to repair.

  b) I have a lamp to be repaired.

My teacher said a) is more accurate here, but I feel like b) is more appropriate according to the explanation since

1) here, it's not important to know who does the repairing.

2) And also, there is no explicit 'doer' in the sentence. I mean, I know some person will repair it but the doer of the action is not specified in the sentence. Then does it mean I can use the active infinitive even when the doer of the action is not explicit in the sentence?

Also, this is from TV series, Friends:

  A: "What are you doing with the lamp?"

  B: "I'm just taking it to get rewired."

Can I rephrase B's comments to "I'm taking it to rewire." (for the same reason as the example sentence above) and is it acceptable?

If one is more natural usage than the other, why is that?


texts:
Which is correct:

  I can't login?
  I can't log in?

I'm confused if that's with a space or no space?


texts: What are the origins of words like gonna, gotta, hafta and wanna. How do you use them in usual conversation? Where and how are these words used? Can we use them in writing?


texts: Why isn’t the word “plans” below “planned”?

texts: Tiger’s story isn’t over quite yet. President Donald Trump has announced on Twitter that he plans to award the golfer with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.


texts: Should "other than" be followed by the infinitive or the -ing form

texts:
I'd do anything for you to repay my debt, other than killing people.

  I'd do anything for you to repay my debt, other than kill people.

Are both sentences grammatically correct?
Is the first more appropriate than the second one?


texts: Does there something called a-come exist in English?

texts:
Source

  Dragon! Dragon! Rock the Dragon!
   Come, a-come get me!

Also while listening to the song, I did not feel like they say Come, a-come get me!

Is there any meaning existing or is it just for sound effects?

Listen to the song at 0:42 at Video.


texts: Is the "Bigger is not always better" correct?

texts:
During a conversation with my friend, I said

  I have a big house

He replied

  Bigger is not always better

Shouldn't he have said

  Big is not always good

since there's no comparison in what I said?


texts: Which one: "I often go watch movies with my friends" or "I often go watch movies with some friends of mine"?

texts:
I want to ask native speakers that which one sounds better:

1 - I often go watch movies with my friends.

2 - I often go watch movies with some friends of mine.

I lived in Australia for 13 years & most of time I heard people use (2).

(1) sounds more specific whereas (2) sounds more general. If using (1), then listeners are going to ask "who your friends are"


texts:
Currently, I'm working in an international company with many non-native speakers (so am I) but with pretty good level of English, I suppose.

I have noticed that my colleagues usually use phrase "give a hand" when asking for  help or even talking about it and seems to be avoiding the strong word "help".

It looks a bit confusing to me especially after I made people laugh when I said  "I will help you" in one of our conversations, don't remember exact context though...

So could you please describe the difference between them? And is there something wrong or hidden meaning with help-based phrase?


texts: Can I use plural nouns in table headings?

texts:
I've always thought that table headings need to be singular. However, I've come across examples when that hasn't been the case.

For example, if there is a table that shows the number of visits that each store had in a year from all over the country, the heading (the first column) that lists stores would be "Store," but the heading (the second column) that lists the number of visits would be "Visits" instead of "Visit."

What would be the rule to follow?


texts: what does the word "projected" mean in this context?

texts:
The text    :

  "Britain’s succession as a superpower by another Anglophone country, the United States, ensured the continuing expansion of the language until it became truly global, as the United States projected its political, economic and, especially, cultural power worldwide."

What do words " projected & succession " mean in this text?

a brief explanation of the whole text will help me more to understand their meanings.


texts:
A, B, and C must not be treated as each other. That is:

Don't treat A as B, and vice versa.
Don't treat B as C, and vice versa.
Don't treat C as A, and vice versa.

A, B, and C are nouns. For example, apples, oranges, and pineapples.
Whether "must not be treated as each other" is a correct phrase here? How to say it correctly?


texts: 'May I know...' if 'May I know when this group was established?' sounds natural? May I know other ways to ask this question?

texts:
May I know when this group was established?

Hello. I learned in a text that we can say 'May I know...?' in formal situations. But an American teacher of English told me it sounded unnatural. He said 'May I borrow your phone?'  is okay (but formal). He said he has  never heard any native speaker use 'May I know...?'

But I found these examples on this website: https://ell.stackexchange.com/search?q="may+I+know"+

https://english.stackexchange.com/search?q=%27May+I+know%27+

And these examples on Reverso:
https://context.reverso.net/перевод/английский-русский/may+i+know

May I know if this American teacher was correct? He says May + to know sounds weird because we don't need to ask permission to know something.

Note: I ask about normal English contexts, not about contexts like a servant talking to master!

He says things like "Could you please tell me...? and "Would you mind letting me know...? are much more natural. Are there other ways?

Also, is there a difference between British English? Is 'May I know...?' more natural in British?

He also said to look at this Google gram:
https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=May+I+know&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CMay%20I%20know%3B%2Cc0

May I know what this gram means?


texts: The difference between the Either and Both in English?

texts:
What's the difference between the Either and Both?

When and how should we use each of them?


texts: the use of comma or semicolon before quotation

texts:
which one should we use? comma or semicolon? and should we capitalize the first letter of the quotation?
Six teachers emphasized promoting students’ autonomy by stating**:** “My job is to make my students interested in English and stress its usefulness in their academic endeavor and guide and recommend the best ways to achieve their potentials."
Six teachers emphasized promoting students’ autonomy by stating**,** “my job is to make my students interested in English and stress its usefulness in their academic endeavor and guide and recommend the best ways to achieve their potentials."


texts: "My car was breakdown" / "My car had been breakdown"

texts:
Today I reached the office late.

My boss asked: "why you are late?"
I said: “My car had been breakdown near circle."
Then boss asked:  "Then how you reached office"
I said: “I called the mechanic. He repaired the car. After repairing done I took the car and come to  office"

I want to tell him my car had breakdown at 8:00 am and till 10:00am I had that problem till car was attained by mechanic my problem solved and reached home.

Should I use "had been" or is just "was" okay in my first answer?
Is the above conversation correct? Specially my first answer. If not then how should this conversation be?


texts: What's the difference between in 10 years and for 10 years?

texts:
We haven't spoken in ten years.
  We haven't spoken for ten years.

What's the difference between the two in meaning?


texts:
Are the following sentences correct and do they mean the same thing?

I am trying to say that he is trying to have his dreams realized.

a.  He is setting out to square his dreams with reality.

b.  He is trying to make his dreams a reality.

c.  He is trying to turn his dreams into reality.

d.  He is trying to make his dreams fit reality.

e.  He is trying to fit his dreams with reality.

f.  He is trying to fit his dreams to reality.


texts: Is there a neutral way to ask a question about a fact?

texts:
When somebody asks "Is Christmas tomorrow?" I suppose that whoever is asking thinks tomorrow is Christmas; if somebody asks "Did she say the truth?" I suppose that person thinks she didn't tell the truth; if the question is "Is the sun green?" I assume that whoever is asking sees the sun as green.

Is there a neutral way to ask a question about a fact, and avoid that whomever is listening makes implications?


texts:
Is "There was time" or "There were time" correct? I understand I should use "were" when the subject is plural but I saw a phrase written with "were" and now I am confused.

Example:

I wish there was time for that

OR

I wish there were time for that


texts: "by both parties" vs "by the both parties" vs "by both the parties"

texts:
I have encountered all three options in various texts:

by both parties
by the both parties
by both the parties

Are they all correct? What is the rule?
Example sentence:

It needs to be agreed by both parties.


texts:
This is a sentence improvement question asked in my exam :

  It is all but same to me whether I am transferred to Canada or USA.

I have four options to choose from to replace the bold part

A) all or same

B) all the same

C) all one

D) no improvement

If I go by meaning then both options - B and C mean same so considering the structure of the sentence which option is correct here and why ? I am not able to decide between these two options as the meaning given in dictionary is same for both.


texts:
“I see you are not to be distracted. Very well, the Stone. Professor
  Quirrell did not manage to take it from you. I arrived in time to
  prevent that, although you were doing very well on your own, I must
  say.”

Source: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, published by Scholastic.

Sounds like a dialogue but it is still prose with proper punctuation. This is how I think the expression is parsed

I must say [this].

[This] = [I arrived in time to prevent that, although you were doing very well on your own]

So "I must say [this]" is a complex sentence with the clauses in bold (a complex sentence in themselves) function as an object of the verb phrase must say (I bet with an implied that)


texts: If I am talking about a fire in a building, can I say "Everything ended well. All stayed alive and well." Do my sentences sound natural?


texts: Just wanna ask if its okay to use did + ing or continues form verb.

texts:
I did passing the files yesterday.

Is it correct?

I'm so confused right now.  I know that using did should comes with present verb right?


texts: Is "get benefits" correct in this context?

texts:
I am writing this context:

  Culture exchange is very important for societies in order to get benefits from each other. One form of culture exchange is creating good connections between academic institutions.

Is "get benefits" correct?


texts: Should All or Most Words in a Stack Overflow/Stack Exchange Question be Capitalized?

texts:
I thought all or a majority of words need to be capitalized when it's a title. The form that I fill out to ask a question on here says title and after the question is submitted it's displayed using a larger font. Therefore I see this a cue to capitalize all or a majority of words in the title.
I was surprised to see a user recommend that I use sentence casing for one of my questions and for another one it got edited to use sentence casing where only the first word is uppercase. Are they right or wrong for doing that? What's going on here?


texts:
Let's suppose that Mr. X has a daughter and a son. The daughter is twenty-five. The son is twenty-three. For them, if we use the word ‘children’ in context with their parent(s), will it be fine? Or will it given an impression that they are less than thirteen or they are so young? Example:

  Mr. X has married his children off last year.

Does this sentence make sense? Or does it give an impression that Mr. X married his children off underage?


texts: "Greetings from Patrick of ABC company" or "Greetings by Patrick from at ABC company"

texts:
For business needs, I need to connect to people on LinkedIn and send people a note to tell them who I am.
Should I say

"Greetings from Patrick of ABC company"

"Greetings by Patrick at ABC company"
(I am not sure about the use of "at" here, but it was sent to me back by an Ozzie client)

"Greetings from Patrick of ABC company"

Which one is correct?


texts: Will it be better to use past simple or present perfect

texts:
Do you remember my name? I have bought some records from you in
  the past.

Shall I use past simple instead of the present perfect?

I think perfect is better as it has a relevance even now I don't buy from him.


texts:
Could you possibly help me on this question please?

"All right, Johhny, it's time  you ..........to bed."

went
would go
will be going
going to go

I would have gone for the word "go" but it is not in options.

Another similar question is that

" Your hair is too long.It is time .............a haircut"

Thanks


texts: Is it considered natural to open an answer with 'On the contrary!'?

texts:
Person A: He says that you like sweet foods.

  Person B: On the contrary! I do like salty foods.

Is it considered natural to open an answer or comment with this phrase, or it should be a part of a previous sentence?


texts: If I told her I love/loved her now, she'd probably not take it seriously. ---- Usage of reported speech

texts:
If I told her I love her now, she'd probably not take it seriously.

If I told her I loved her now, she'd probably not take it seriously.

In the above sentences the speaker loves the person they're talking about as of the present, so i was wondering whether both the sentences would be applicable in this context, and whether both of them could be deemed grammatically correct.


texts:
I am looking for some fixed American expressions / idiom to convey my love to someone in an exaggerated way! I was wondering whether the following structures can be used in this sense:

a. I love you to pieces. (I think this construction is reserved for missing someone.)
b. I love you to the moon and back.
c I love you to death.

I know that "b" works here properly, but first please let me know if "a" is off here as I think.
Then I am wide open to any other interchangeable idiom / expression which can substitute for "to the moon and back" and for "to death" especially in AmE.


texts:
How should it be said correctly when referring to our origin in the current country that we are in? I have two choices between adjective to noun and I'm not sure what I should use.

  "We are foreign"

or

  "We are foreigners"?

The contexts are as follow:

We are in a country which is not our origin.
We are in a place (even in our country of origin) where we don't belong to.
We ask our children to foreigners or people who are foreign.
I saw in my neighborhood a person that's not local. (He is foreign or foreigner).


texts:
Is the apostrophe placement in the next sentence correct? "The girl's basketball team won the championship."

Is this correct since the team is acting as one unit?


texts: What tenses are used in these sentences?

texts:
Here are the sentences:

I do study.

This is Present Simple.

I did practice yesterday.

This is, I guess, simple past? Can we rewrite this as:

I practiced yesterday.
or
I did practiced yesterday.

I have done that once before myself.

Is it past perfect?


texts: What tense for "had been living" or "had lived"

texts:
This is an original sentence: "Who had been living in this house before they pulled it down?"

Can we say "Who had lived in this house before they pulled it down?" ?


texts:
Which is correct?

I've got an acting job. Like you believe that.

or

I've got an acting job. Like you'd believe that.

I mean, what's the difference between these two sentences?


texts: Do I use simple past or past progressive when describing someone being hungry?

texts:
When Taro had walked far from the seashore, he felt tired and  hungry.
  When Taro had walked far from the seashore, he was feeling tired and hungry.

Which amongst the above two sentences is correct? With reference to perfect tenses, are there any specific rules as in which tense should be used for the other part of the sentence? Please help me with a few examples for the same.


texts:
I would like to know if the expression below is wrong, and if then, why it is.

  Wow, the time is up. It is time for you to have to go.

I know the sentence below can be much simpler than that, but I think the absence of have to in the sentence below makes it sound not as important as the above one.

  Wow, the time is up. It is time for you to go.

Thank you very much for your help. Any explanation will be helpful and appreciated.


texts:
I remember we would dream about kids
  Tryna get that V with that crib
  Back when you used to be’s with that Crip

I can suppose it means a vehicle, but might it be something else?

This is from the lyrics to Sundress by the group A$AP Rocky.


texts:
In this exercise:

Ali stopped _____ to his friend. He talked to him then.
a) talk
b) talking (I chose this one)
c) to talk (This one is marked as the correct answer)
d) being talked

Why did they choose "to talk" as the right answer? And why not "talking"?
I understand the meanings of talk and stop so I don't understand why one is wrong and the other correct.


texts:
As you _______ the hotel, you will see a lake.

  A. Approach

  B. Are approaching

  C. Will approach

  D. Would approach

I honestly don't understand. The answer sheet says that since there's the word "as" here, the answer is "are approaching". Can you explain it a bit further? I just don't get it. "approach" seems equally correct to me. And I didn't eliminate the other 2 answers because although they seem less sensible to me, I still don't know why they would be incorrect. They just seem weird to me.


texts: Which verbs can be used with possessive pronouns?

texts:
The OALD says "some verbs can be used with both a noun phrase and an 'ing phrase'. The frame for this is <somebody>/<something> doing <something>. and,

(1) the noun phrase can be the object of main verb.  (e.g. I watched him running)  or
(2) the noun phrase and gerund together can be the object. (e.g. I hate him joking) here, him can be replaced with possessive pronoun his (I hate his joking)."

Further, the dictionary says "where the possessive pronoun is used is shown in the dictionary entry"

but in the dictionary entry, I can't see any symbol used to show the verbs which take possessive pronoun before gerunds.

My questions is:
How do we identify the verbs, which the only noun phrase can be the object of main verb and the noun phrase and gerund together can be the object of verb?


texts: Why is this awkward? "You're as quick to jump in as always."

texts:
You're as quick to jump in as always.

They say the natural way to say this is "You're quick to jump in as always" without the first as. But don't you use "as as" phrase like "This flower is as beautiful as the others"?


texts: "a new English technique" vs. "techniques"

texts:
From a tutorial

There are seven possible intonation patterns in English:

rising
falling
rising-falling
falling-rising
flat
high
low

When I refer to those patterns, should I consider "technique" an uncountable noun or a countable noun?
This is a fresh new English technique to me.

Those are fresh new English techniques to me.

Which one is more natural?
Are there any other expression more natural could be used in this particular situation?


texts: Can I call you back later? I don't have _____ time right now

texts:
I was wondering if someone could help me with the following examples:

1) I need to say "she will be back at 5 o'clock or later than 5." What should I say:

  A- She won't be back until 5 o'clock.
  B- She won't be back by 5 o'clock.

2) I need to say "we will return on Monday or later." What should I say:

  A- We will not return until Monday.
  B- We will not return by Monday.

3) He came at 11 o'clock or even later. How should I ask him the reason?

  A- Why didn't you come until 11 o’clock?
  B- Why didn't you come by 11 o’clock?

4) I need to say I will be ready on Tuesday or even later. What should I say:

  A- I won’t be ready until Tuesday.
  B- I won’t be ready by Tuesday.

5) I need to say I will be ready at 8 o'clock or later. How should I say it:

  A- I can’t be ready until 8 p.m.
  B- I can’t be ready by 8 p.m.

6) I need to ask my roommate to be out by 7 PM. and come back at 7PM. or later. What should I say:

  A- Please don't be at home until 7 o’clock.
  B- Please don't be at home by 7 o’clock.

I think in all of my questions above, only 'A' is correct and 'B' doesn't work at all. Do you confirm it?


texts:
What's this kind of chicken products package called?
In my language it's simply called "package" (this is the translation), but I'm asking about this specific kind. Someone told me maybe it is called "tray". Is it what you call it as native English speakers?


texts: I saw this chart (here) and can't figure out what this 'cr' (next to the 9%) means in this context.


texts:
Please, can you explain me when we can use verb +ed like

  "you are allowed to..."?

I understand that the main meaning is that you are free to do something but I can't find the definition of this grammar rule.


texts:
Hearing a noise,he woke up.

here hearing is said to be a participle. But how it acts as an adjective? Again,

  By working hard, you can prosper.

Is working a participle or gerund?


texts: What is the meaning of "at the right angles to each other" in this context?

texts:
This is the context:

  On the idea of whether the quantum multiverse is the same as the inflationary multiverse . . . I heard
  this proposed by Leonard Susskind, one of the inventors of string theory at Stanford. I was talking to
  Steven Weinberg, who is the father of the standard model of particle physics, probably the greatest
  physicist living, and he said, “This idea seems crazy to me that Susskind could identify the quantum
  multiverse with the inflationary multiverse. They are at right angles to each other.”

What is the meaning of the bold part? Does that mean they are very different?


texts:
From a wikipedia article:[1]

  During his career, Mercury's flamboyant stage performances sometimes
  led journalists to allude to his sexuality. Dave Dickson, reviewing
  Queen's performance at Wembley Arena in 1984 for Kerrang!, noted
  Mercury's "camp" addresses to the audience and even described him
  as a "posing, pouting, posturing tart."

I think it may not refer to "camp" as a place (or encampment), but to a gay-related slang that means "a man who behaves in an ostentatiously effeminate way" according to the Google Translator.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Mercury


texts: What does "little earth" mean when used as an adjective?

texts:
In the following sentence (from a story called Messenger by A. Blackwood):

Nothing upon the earth— familiar, friendly, well-known, little
earth—could have brought this sense that pressed upon the edges of
true reverence.

What is the meaning of "little earth"? Also, is the "edges of true reverence" something idiomatic? I understand it simply as "true respect (great)".


texts: Is there tomorrow or Will there be tomorrow?

texts:
Which usage of "there" is proper for future tense?

  Is there Liverpool's match tomorrow?

or,

  Will there be Liverpool's match tomorrow?

Edit:

My point is that how can I use "there" with future tense. You can give different examples about the topic. Another one with more detail in the context:

  According to weather forecast it is heavily snowy tomorrow. Are there any matches in Premier League or are they postponed?

or,

  According to weather forecast it is heavily snowy tomorrow. Will there be any matches in Premier League or are they postponed?


texts: Are "gets up", "stands" and "rises" interchangeable here?

texts:
Someone is sitting on (and I mean "on") a desk. Then... He gets up/stands/rises, says something to his assistant, and leaves.
Are "gets up", "stands", and "rises" interchangeable here?


texts: What part of speech is "So" in this sentence

texts:
This is the sentence,

  So you have come? I have been anxiously waiting for you

So, I have read online that the word "So" can have multiple functions and can be of different part of speech depending upon the context. Could be an adverb, interjection, adjective etc

So, what part "So" is playing in the sentence given above? It is said that "So" can function as an interjection if used to describe a surprise... I think it is playing the role of interjection here but this sentence doesn't look too much like a surprise. Please provide your opinion and tell the function "So" is playing here. Thank you!


texts: Meaning of sentences using "didn’t", "wasn't" and "wouldn't"

texts:
What are the meanings of the sentences below?
What exactly is the difference in meaning?
Do sentences using wasn't and wouldn't have the same meaning?

  a) "...but he didn't leave."
  b) "...but he wasn't leaving."
  c) "...but wouldn't leave."


texts: in the way? on the way? and in the way to?

texts:
There lay much difficulty in the way.

It is written in a dictionary. What if 'on' is used instead of 'in'? Is it possible in the sense of grammar and how are they different in meaning?

And as a separate question, I saw

  on the way to

  in the way of

quite often, but never have seen 'in the way to ' whose meaning, I guess, might be similar with that of 'on the way to'. Is it wrong to use?


texts: When two words require different prepositions

texts:
He is senior to and older than I.
  His dress is different from and cheaper than mine.
  She is younger and taller than her sister.

In the first two sentences we have used two preposition after the required words. So, why had we not followed the same rule for the last sentence?


texts:
What's the difference between "universal vaccination" and "vaccine roll-out"?
Since the start of this pandemic I've heard both terms, but have never quite been able to tell the difference. Dictionaries don't explain the difference. Wiki doesn't have a page on "vaccine roll-out", only on "vaccine", but the difference between these two terms is not explained there.


texts:
I came across it in the fifth episode of the fourth season of Rick and Morty. The context is Rick and Morty go back in time to give the snakes a book to help then invent time travel so that they destroy themselves, which in turn would allow Rick and Morty to get out of the situation they had created.

Morty: Jesus Christ, Rick, it's pandemonium out there! This is worse
than when we left. Rick, look, Summer!
Summer: Nobody chokes me without consent.
Mory: Y-You just made things worse, Rick.
Rick: Trust me, Morty. We helped them press on the gas pedal. We just
got to wait for them to blow by a cop.


texts: Why can "opposed to" be used directly after a conjunction or a preposition?

texts:
In the sentence below, why use not "subject+verb" but "the past tense verb (opposed)" after the conjunction "as"?
In the sentence below, why use not "noun(or gerund)" but "the past tense verb (opposed)" after the preposition "in"?

  We're going to Florida for our vacation this year, as opposed to
  the local beach.

  VDC is an abbreviation for “volts DC” DC stands for direct current
  which means voltage is constant in opposed to AC which is
  alternating current that alternates from positive to negative.

Does it mean "We're going to Florida for our vacation this year, as that we're going to Florida for our vacation this year is opposed to the local beach"?

Does it mean "DC stands for direct current which means voltage is constant in DC being opposed to AC"?

Where is the "subject + verb" after the conjunction?
Where is the "noun" after the preposition?


texts:
Which sentence is correct and why?

Me and I were waiting on bus stand. I reached before my friend to the stop. He came to stop after 10 min and asked me about bus status.
How Should I Say

  "The bus is not yet gone from our stop." current status (Indicates State of Being not gone)

or

  "The bus has not yet gone from our stop." Action buy bus (Indicates relative time of Being not gone)

One more example
He is gone out of the house.
Or
He has gone out of the house


texts: which types of prepositional phrase is it in " He is a man at heart?"

texts:
He is a man at heart.
  I love a man at/by with heart.

Are they two correct?  Which types of prepositional phrases are they? I mean whether they acted as adjectival or adverbial prepositional phrases?


texts:
Peter's seemingly effortless flights, achieved through the use of sophisticated technical equipment, continues to delight those who see the play Peter Pan.

In this sentence 'continues' is incorrect, but why?


texts:
Are the pixels of a 1080p 43-inch screen bigger than a 1080p 32-inch one?

Should I keep the ‘one’ or remove and write:

  Are the pixels of a 1080p 43-inch screen bigger than a 1080p 32-inch?

So, 1 or 2, which one sounds better? Or should I repeat the ‘screen’, like:

  Are the pixels of a 1080p 43-inch screen bigger than a 1080p 32-inch "screen"?


texts:
Context: Asking someone if he told his parents about him feeling stressed.
Did you tell him how you feel?
or
Did you tell him how you felt?


texts: Is it correct to say "X caught up on Y's feelings?"

texts:
Example sentence:

  He seemed to have caught up on my distress, because he said, "I'm sorry."

I'm not very sure about this usage, because I tried to find something similar on Google but only found this.


texts:
My route is: home → zoo → school.

I go to school from my home. I am at the zoo now.

can I say:

  I have go as far as zoo.


texts:
If someone thinks I'm faking my identity, trying to be someone I'm not, and claiming me to be "A" can I use:

He suspects me as A.

Is the use of "suspect as" natural?


texts:
should we use 'being' with past participle' when we want to give reson for the action in the main clause? For example

For example,

  Being offered a visa for USA, I'm going to go there.
  (since/because I was offered a visa, I . . . )

  He Being employed in teaching at a school, he could hardly manage time for painting.
  (because/since he was employed,he could. . . .)

can we can use"being+p.p" in both past and present situation(As above sentences)?


texts: Is this a modifier for noun clause or a coordinate clause?

texts:
Enter, stranger, but take heed
Of what awaits the sin of greed,
For those who take, but do not earn,
Must pay most dearly in their turn.
So if you seek beneath our floors
A treasure that was never yours,
Thief, you have been warned, beware
Of finding more than treasure there.

(Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone)

It seems like ‘For those ~ in their turn’ is a modifier for the previous noun clause: what awaits the sin of greed. Is this right parse? Or do I need to think otherwise?


texts: Am I using 'the' too much in this sentence?

texts:
When the request to the web server succeeds, we need to redirect the
  user to the top of the service page.

I'm not sure when I can omit preposition such as 'a', 'an', 'the', so I just add these preposition whenever I use nouns.

I didn't add 'the' in front of 'nouns' in the sentence above just because I feel it sounds right to me...

Added, from OP's comment: The reason why I chose to use the zero article before "nouns" in my sentence is because I know I can omit 'the' when I'm not talking about a specific thing. For example, we can say like 'Dogs are cute' when we talk about something in general. So, I didn't use 'the' before nouns in my sentence. But... now I'm not sure. Would it be wrong if I had used 'the' in front of 'nouns' in my sentence? In that sentence in my question, I was talking about the five 'nouns' in my sentence which I didn't add 'the' in front of them. So, I feel like I should've used 'the' in front of them.


texts: Difference between these 'killing' words

texts:
Please explain the difference between these words. When to use which?

to kill/killing
to murder/murder
to slaughter/slaughter
to slay/slaying
homicide
massacre


texts:
Public administrators tend to rouse attention only when complaints
  flare over their competence or their fees or their tendency to oversee
  dens of political patronage. Or when they run afoul of the law. Last
  year, a former longtime counsel to the Bronx County public
  administrator pleaded guilty to grand larceny, while a bookkeeper for
  the Kings County public administrator was sentenced to a prison term
  for stealing from the dead.

The Lonely Death of George Bell

What does 'dens of political patronage' mean?


texts:
NASA will launch a balloon the size of a football stadium into
the stratosphere
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/07/24/nasa-launch-asthros-football-stadium-sized-balloon-stratosphere/5501605002/

Rewilding Britain: the plan to restore an area the size of
Manchester
https://www.positive.news/environment/the-plan-to-rewild-an-area-the-size-of-manchester/

Meaning of the both sentences above are clear, but is this sentence structure just common? If so, can I use the same sentence structure to describe something else like shape, length, color and so on?
For example, is my sentence below OK?
"Daddy, look at that!"  Shouted my little daughter, pointing her finger up in the sky. There was a big cloud the shape of Mickey Mouse.


texts: The grammar of "struck dumb, sprouting feelers" in this sentence

texts:
Harry was pointing the wand directly at Dudley's heart. Harry could feel fourteen years’ hatred of Dudley pounding in his veins—what wouldn't he give to strike now, to jinx Dudley so thoroughly he'd have to crawl home like an insect, struck dumb, sprouting feelers—

  ‘Don't ever talk about that again,’ Harry snarled. ‘D'you understand
  me?’

  Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

I think "what wouldn't he give to strike now" implies Harry really wanted to strike, right? However, I don't understand the grammar of "struck dumb, spouting feelers", and I'm not sure how to link it to the sentence. Is it modifying "an insect" here?


texts:
"They stuff people's heads down the toilet the first day at
  Stonewall," he told Harry.   "Want to come upstairs and
  practice?"     "No, thanks," said Harry. "The poor toilet's never
  had anything as horrible as your head down it –– it might be
  sick." Then he ran, before Dudley could work out what he'd said.
  (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone)

I am not sure if it refers to the toilet or has some other role in the sentence. What is its role?


texts: Meaning of "lurches ever sideways of its own inertia"?

texts:
In the following paragraph from the book "Zero to One":

  The bureaucracy lurches ever sideways of its own inertia no matter
  what actions elected officials take.

What is the meaning of the phrase in bold? I looked for its individual words meanings, but I couldn't understand the whole meaning of it.


texts: When it is not mentioned whether it is PM or AM, does 12:00 mean 12:00 noon?

texts:
This is the deadline: 15 December 2020, 12:00 CET.
Does that mean that the deadline is 13 December 2020, 12:00 Noon CET?


texts: Is "would" accompanied with present perfect?

texts:
  "Ah, poor James!" she said. "God knows we done all we
  could, as poor as we are—we wouldn't see him want anything while he
  was in it."   Nannie had leaned her head against the
  sofa-pillow and seemed about to fall asleep.
  "There's poor Nannie," said Eliza, looking at her, "she's wore out.
  All the work we had, she and me, getting in the woman to wash him and
  then laying him out and then the coffin and then arranging about the
  Mass in the chapel. Only for Father O'Rourke I don't know what we'd
  have done at all. It was him brought us all them flowers and them
  two candlesticks out of the chapel and wrote out the notice for the
  Freeman's General and took charge of all the papers for the cemetery
  and poor James's insurance." (James Joyce, Dubliners)

What has ‘would’ been put in the clause for?
When I back-shift the sentence, “I didn't know what we'd do at all”, it’s not likely what the context says. Is the original a present perfect, and ‘would’ is weakening the meaning of ‘don’t know’? (or does 'only for' mean 'without'?)


texts:
I am trying to figure out which term to use when writing a "help text" or giving messages to the user on an app.

Should I say:

tap the button  OR
tap on the button
tap the item  OR
tap on the item
tap the word  OR
tap on the word


texts: What is the significance of this date wording?

texts:
What is the significance of this formulation:

"31st January, Sunday, Midnight 2016"

It means 12:00 am on January 30 (the beginning of the January 31) or 12:00 am on January 31 (the end of the January 31)?


texts: Is there an idiom that means something looks alive and real? I am pretty sure I have read or heard it before, but I can't remember it at all. If you can't think of an idiom that means that, can you think of an idiom that means something seems to be alive, or that means something looks real?


texts: Which verb is best to make a question-tag from?

texts:
I want to ask about two sentences, and what would be the correct way to form a question:

It's very important that we eat healthy food, ...........?

Which would be the correct question tag: (isn't it) or (don't we)?
It's a must that all applicants follow the rules of the competition, ..........?

Which would the correct question tag: (don't they) or (mustn't they)?

Please could you tell me the correct answers, and, more importantly, why those are correct?


texts: Can "volunteer" take a gerund as its direct object?

texts:
For example,

  I volunteered supporting people living on the streets.

Can we regard "supporting peope living ~ streets" as "the direct object" of "volunteered"?

I think we can and a more natural wording would be "I volunteered to support..." as the semantic of "volunteer" seems to be to do with these verbs such as "want" or "wish" as are all more often taking to-infinitives directly than gerunds.

(Just as a side note, for non-native speakers it's horrifyingly hard to make a verdict of whether a verb can take a gerund or infinitive even if there's lots of dictionaries around because they normally don't explain which one is correct, what's more, the information regarding this topic is too poor. The reason I'm saying this is that someone voted for closing my question similar to this question for the reason that it's such a question that can be solvable just by looking it up in dictionaries. No, it can't!, so I'm asking here.)


texts:
Would I rather say:

She has stopped because she is tired.
She has been swimming for over an hour.

or

She stops because she is tired.
She has been swimming for over an hour.

Thanks in advance

Andi


texts:
Is it correct to use aim for in this context? or rather I should write aim to?.
.Firstly, the MSc in ecology at the Kora University shares the same focus my bachelor in ecology has. Both aim for alternatives to balance the economic development of societies with the sustainable consumption of natural resources.


texts:
How to identify whether an infinitive phrase functions as a direct object or an object complement?

For example, in the sentence:

  "Everyone wanted Carol to be the captain of the team.

(cited from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/03/), Purdue University Online Writing Lab say "to be the captain of the team" functions as the direct object of the verb "want".

I am confused because I think the infinitive phrase functions as an object complement to give more information about "Carol". Am I wrong?


texts:
How could we have spent this time on the island?

  How could we spend this time on the island?

What is the difference between those two sentences ?


texts:
Reading through “Guided Compositions” for secondary School. Heading of composition is “Describe a time when you experienced your first success”. First sentence is as below.

some say success is sweet but mine was bitter sweet.

I tried to google search, I can see only bittersweet, can not find “bitter sweet”(with space in between)
Collins Dictionary

bittersweet (adj): If you describe an experience as bittersweet, you mean that it has some happy aspects and some sad ones.

Macmillan Dictionary

bitter-sweet (adj): involving or causing feelings of happiness and sadness at the same time

Is there any difference among “bitter sweet”? or bittersweet? or bitter-sweet?


texts: The difference between "allow" and "enable"

texts:
Please, clarify me the difference between the verbs to allow and to enable.
What are the peculiarities in their meanings especially in formal and technical context?
As example, I have such context

  Thereby it will enable/allow to change the date of planned work in case of
  serious complaints from other teams related to business necessity.

But I would appreciate more broad explanation of meaning distinctions, beyond the context I've given.
Thank you for assistance!


texts:
What does "die face-down in the muck" mean, please?
Is it a very popular expression?


texts: "Did he use to work late" vs. "Has he ever worked late"

texts:
My friend asked me the difference between these sentences:

Did he use to work in the office very late at night?
Has he ever worked in the office very late at night?

I told her:

In #1, it means that I know the fact that he is working very late at present, and I want to know if he worked late in the past.
In #2, it means that I don't know the fact he is working very late at present, and I want to know if he has worked very late once from the time he was born until now.

Did I explain them correctly?


texts: What is the better term for "average of monthly average over years"?

texts:
Assume we got a monthly average data from Jan to Dec of Year 2012. Then we got another monthly average data from Jan to Dec of Year 2013. If we average the monthly average of both year, for example

new average of Jan = (jan of Year 2012 +  Jan of Year 2013)/2,

new average of Feb = (Feb of Year 2012 +  Feb of Year 2013)/2,

...

new average of Dec = (Dec of Year 2012 +  Dec of Year 2013)/2,

do we have a more consolidated term for this?


texts:
An essay about the potential negative effects of introducing news channels to school curricula reads in its bottom line:

  Secondly, if international news were to become a new subject it could have a detrimental emotional impact on young minds .. The logic of having these types of stories beamed into a school to those of an impressionable age has to be challenged. Thus the obligation of watching news of a negative nature makes for a convincing argument against such an innovation.

What's the meaning of make for here? The only meaning that, in my opinion, could suit the context were :

Tend to result in or be received as (a particular thing) Oxford Dictionaries [online]

But, then again it doesn't make sense. What does make for mean here?


texts: "I’m gonna have a nervous breakdown." and "I have a nervous breakdown." - what the difference?

texts:
I am reading the book "Diary of a Wimpy kid". The author often uses the word "be gonna". And it looks like this word does not carry a semantic load in many cases. Without it, sentences have the same meaning. Google translate also skip this word in translations. Why did the author add this word?

This book is about modern USA kids, so probably it contains a lot of specific kids slang.

Other examples from this book:

So I realized the only way I was gonna get a chance to listen to Rodrick’s CD was if I snuck it out of the house.
After a while, we realized the teenagers were going to wait us out, so we decided we were just gonna have to spend the night at Gramma’s.
So that meant we were gonna have to make a run for it.
I do feel a little bad, because it looked like it was gonna take a long time to clean up.
I realized I was gonna have to gain weight for real.


texts:
Can you tell me what means get + adjective? I do not understand it. Can you tell me more about this grammatical structure?

I found this sentence in one book.

  As we get older we need less sleep.

Thanks for help.


texts:
A: You should learn to control your son.
B: Oh yeah? And you should have learned how to drive ((a) car). Then you wouldn't be a bitter man clinging to a walker.
It certainly doesn't have many hits on Google, but would it be very unidiomatically to include "a car" or just "car" here?


texts: Which is more accepted or more common, “for some reason” or “for some reasons”?

texts:
I often hear native speakers say for some reason, but I think reason is usually a countable noun and "some reasons" can have the meaning of "an unspecified number of reasons". I think for some reasons ought to be a correct form of it.

What's your comment?

Is "for some reasons" used in everyday English? If it is, what's the difference between it and "for some reason"?

(The answer to the question that people think is a duplicate of mine doesn't help, because it lists both singular and plural words used with "some".)


texts: Does each verb have a corresponding noun with the same meaning in English

texts:
I believe that in English each main verb has (at least) one corresponding noun with the same meaning that is formed from gerund/derivation. For examples, discovery is from discover; reading is from read; addition is from add, and simply zero derivations like love from love.

The converse is not true, i.e. nouns generally do not have verbs with the same meaning. I'd like this to be verified. Any thought is welcome.


texts:
This comes from a word formation exercise. I have to fill in the gaps with a word formed from "perceive".

  It was... of you to notice that on the spot.

I honestly have no idea.


texts:
I found a post asking the meaning of so much for on StackExchange, however, I still can't quite get the idea of the following phrase.

  - Text from Harrington... thanking you for tickets to the game. Yeah, so much for a burst pipe.

It's the line from an American drama, the background is a man lied to a woman that his colleague Harrington got a burst pipe at home and couldn't make it today, the woman found out the truth later and said that line angrily.

Sorry for my poor expression, I'm an English learner and really want to figure out the exact meaning of so much for in this line.

According to CDO, so much for something means:

  used to express disappointment at the fact that a situation is not as you thought it was.

But I think it's not enough for understanding this line and translating it into my mother language.


texts:
Is emphasized part of this sentence correct?

  Fact that apartment building floats on water–it’s an ark, is not exposed in the beginning. Nor it is for the longer part of the narration.


texts:
The phrase is from "Hacksaw Ridge" movie. It's about Desmond Doss who voluntarily enlisted in WWII but refused to carry a weapon because of his religious beliefs.  Now the company's commander is talking to the drill sergeant to decide what to do with Doss. The drill sergeant: "Perhaps we could help make believe in his idea."

  Sergeant: Perhaps we could help make believe in his idea.

  Commander: Yeah, you restrict him to barracks and KP. If he
  throws God at you, you throw Hell right at him. I want him gone.

I'm not sure what does "help make believe" mean.


texts:
In the following sentence

NASA’s International Space Station, the only one functional right now, is slated to retire by 2025, or latest by 2028, and no replacement for it has been confirmed so far.

I am not able to get the meaning of latest by


texts:
The way in which simplicity comes in from supposing that there really
  are physical objects is easily seen. If the cat appears at one moment
  in one part of the room, and at another in another part, it is natural
  to suppose that it has moved from the one to the other, passing over a
  series of intermediate positions.

[Problems of philosophy - Bertrand Russell, Chapter II]

What does "comes in" in the text above mean?

Many thanks!


texts: Too many to's? 'I am not able to come to office'

texts:
Is this sentence correct or not?

  I am not able to come to office.

Can we use "to" twice or can we write this sentence in a better way?


texts: Being+past participle, with and without "to be"

texts:
I know that we can use a sentence in Present Progressive Passive form like this :

Active : The postman is delivering the mail.
Passive: The mail is being delivered by the postman.

But I just wondering why in some passive sentences we use being without "to be" !!!

My question are :
A) Where is "am is are was were" ?
B) What's the structure of these sentences ? ( I'm totally confused, maybe there is an structure of forming these sentences that I don't know)

For example in these sentences I can't find "To Be" :

  1) She basically keeps Riley from being poisoned, physically and
  socially.

  2) Bing Bong (He) being dragged far off to the dark.

  3) Riley sitting up in bed after being scared awake.

  4) Joy and Sadness hear the sound of a new memory being produced.


texts: What does "account" mean in this context?

texts:
Procedures to Account for Workers

  Managers are responsible for accounting for all workers in their
  department. He/She shall report anyone unaccounted for to the emergency department
  via radio.

It describes how managers should act in the event of emergency (fire, chemical spills, and etc.). I looked up dictionaries, and it seems that "account" here means "(noun) a written or spoken description of an event", but "account" here is used as a verb, and the meaning of the dictionary only fits for noun. The only meaning for the verb "account" is:

  to think of someone or something in the stated way
  (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/account)

Then, should I interpret "account" as "report"?


texts:
What will be the prepositions in the following sentence:

"The authority was preparing narrow, targeted XY (any organization) sanctions __ Steven's academy and could roll __ the punitive measures __ the year-end," said the official who spoke on condition __ anonymity.

MY ASSUMPTIOON:
  for , at, down , of.


texts: "in this section", "about this section" or "for this section"?

texts:
In an online classroom, a teacher just finished a section and going to start next section

  Teacher: "Do you have any questions in this section?"

  Student: "No, I don't have any questions at the moment. Thanks!"

Should I say "in this section", "about this section" or "for this section" for this particular situation?

Ngram Viewer does not seem to be helpful for this case.


texts: "May I know did we participate this congress before?" or "May I know we participated before?"

texts:
Which sentence is better?

  "May I know did we participate this congress before?"

or

  May I know we participated before?"


texts:
What do "there" and "here" refer to? It seems that "there" refers to Trump's bid to reverse the election results and "here" refers to a starting point of that bid. But this explanation doesn't sound natural to me. So I guess that "gets there from here" is perhaps an idiom to refer to "why things have become so". I am not sure.
What does "how it gets there from here" mean?

On Monday, some Republicans expressed what appeared to be a grudging acknowledgment that Mr. Biden had prevailed. Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, who had enthusiastically backed Mr. Trump’s bid to reverse his loss, told CNN that he had spoken with Mr. Biden and conveyed that he would work with him when possible. “It’s a very, very narrow path for the president,” Mr. Graham said of Mr. Trump. “I don’t see how it gets there from here, given what the Supreme Court did.”

Source: NYTimes


texts:
"kindly share how you felt when you heard
  an announcement that a bus, plane or train you’ve been waiting for will be delayed."

Is there a subject in this sentence? thank you.


texts: 'tell me what I should do' vs 'tell me what should I do'

texts:
These are questions and with questions you put the verb first and then the pronoun.

For example:

Affirmative : You can.

Question: Can you?

But sometimes when speaking I hear people not applying this rule.

Maybe it's correct in speech but incorrect in writing?!

  Tell me what I should do?

  Tell me what should I do?

  Do you know what you can do to...

  Do you know what can you do to...


texts: past perfect in one sentence from Salinger's story: "When Selena had rung her apartment bell, the girls were admitted"

texts:
When Selena had rung her apartment bell, the girls were admitted – or rather, the door was drawn in and left ajar – by a colored maid with whom Selena didn't seem to be on speaking terms.

Source: J. D. Salinger – Just Before the War with the Eskimos

Is it necessary to use past perfect ("had rung") in the above sentence? Recently I was here advised that according to grammar, when there's a short action right after another short action, we use the past simple for both actions, e.g. "When I opened the door, children run in". I think that this pattern we can apply to my examplary sentence. Or not?


texts: Idiom for a fallacy "who are you to judge"?

texts:
I'm looking for an idiom / name describing a fallacy in which the opponent's opinion on X is discarded on grounds that the opponent doesn't know how to do/make X. Examples:

How can you say this restaurant is terrible if you can barely cook?
It's easy to criticize beer for someone who have brewed zero bottles.
Who cares you don't like Picasso. Which galleries are your paintings in?
Here's another Trump critic who haven't run anything bigger than a family of one!

The core of the fallacy is that doing X and judging X (or comparing one X to the other) are two quite unrelated activities which often require different skills. In Russian I would say "you don't have to lay eggs to tell fresh and rotten apart".

I have seen "why don't you do it yourself?" and "who are you to judge?", but I'm not sure how idiomatic these are and how precisely do they describe the fallacy above. Is there a shorter name for it?


texts:
I came across this question while taking an English grammar test on the BBC news magazine. The multiple choice question is based on the following sentence:

  "I'd like to introduce you to my sister Clara, who lives in Madrid, to
  Benedict, my brother who doesn't, and to my only other sibling,
  Hilary."

Which of the following is correct?

Hilary is male
Hilary is female
Impossible to say from the given context

As it turns out, Hilary is male. But can someone explain why? Per my thinking, it should've been impossible to say from the given context.

I say this because:

  my sister Clara, who lives in Madrid

From this we know that Clara is female and she lives in Madrid

  to Benedict, my brother who doesn't,

I thought this meant- Benedict is the brother who doesn't live in Madrid

And last,

  and to my only other sibling, Hilary.

which doesn't specify whether Hilary is male or female. It just says- "only sibling"


texts: Where "do" substitutes for other verbs, when can we omit it?

texts:
I haven't seen her yet, but maybe I will [do] tomorrow.
I didn't hit the ball as well as I wanted to, but maybe I will [do] tomorrow.
I can't believe it now, but maybe I will [do] tomorrow when I go to Korea.

Searching on Internet for a preliminary comprehension about this matter, I found nothing that could precisely indicate what the valid form is. "I will tomorrow" and "I will do tomorrow" are used apparently as if they were completely interchangeable.
Please, explain when we can drop the do in these kind of constructions.


texts: What does "safe and sane" mean in this passage?

texts:
Father Brown reveals his secret of capturing criminals in this passage from The Secret of Father Brown by G. K. Chesterton:

  No man's really any good till he knows how bad he is, or might be;
  till he's realized exactly how much right he has to all this snobbery,
  and sneering, and talking about "criminals," as if they were apes in a
  forest ten thousand miles away; till he's got rid of all the dirty
  self-deception of talking about low types and deficient skulls; till
  he's squeezed out of his soul the last drop of the oil of the
  Pharisees; till his only hope is somehow or other to have captured one
  criminal and kept him safe and sane under his own hat.

Am I correct in understanding that Father Brown (the speaker of this quote) is saying that rather than disparage other "criminals," the one criminal that matters is himself (earlier he says entering into the mind of a criminal helps him to solve cases)?

What does it mean to keep this criminal "safe and sane" under his own hat? To make sure that he manages himself as a criminal first, before pursuing other criminals?


texts: How can I improve the beginning of this sentence: "Despite what was feared by what was known as the "

texts:
So, I wrote this short paragraph in another SE site:

  Despite what was feared by what was known as the surveillance threat on freedom of the 2010's, none of the world great nations became a police state. Civil rights organizations had "won" several battles that assured guarantees on individual freedom and privacy in the 2020's.

The wording of the first phrase is sounding too bad to me, probably because I am violating some grammar rules due to my first language being derived from Latin.

How can I better phrase the text above? What grammar rules did I break, if any?


texts: "Bob's and my effort" or "Bob's and my efforts"?

texts:
Cambridge Dictionary gives this definition of "effort"

  physical or mental activity needed to achieve something

with that meaning, "effort" could be [ C or U ], how do I distinguish the use?

for example,

  after Bob's and my effort, the project has been delivered successfully.

  after Bob's and my efforts, the project has been delivered successfully.

which one should I use, and why?


texts: What's the meaning of "with" in "Trembling with fear"?

texts:
I know the meaning of this sentence, but still, when I read the sentence, it gives me another meaning (slight different). I mean;

He was afraid and trembling. These two actions are done together.
But the meaning of the (Trembling with fear) is that fear has caused the trembling.
However, they ultimately have the same meaning.
I don't understand the meaning of (with) in this sentence.
The women shed tears of grief. in this sentence can I replace ''OF'' with ''WITH''?
What's difference between WITH and OF?


texts: What is the exact meaning of " He had too much money for a young man?"

texts:
He had too much money for a young man.

I have two explanations:

He gave too much money to a young man.
As a young man , he had too much money.

I am curious of the usage of "for" here.


texts:
Is there any difference between these two sentences?

We work in the same place.
We work at the same place.

Are either OK if the meaning is "We work in/at the same company"?


texts: Is "nor does it to human" an reasonably condensed version of "nor does it make sense to human"?

texts:
This post says

  It may be a pain to see compile errors, but trust me, getting error here is good for you. You did something stupid you tried to compare string with int and decide which one is equal. This does not make any sense to the computer most of the time (nor does it make sense to human), so you should never be able to run program like this. Computer says “No!” and you have to cope with that.

In which, "nor does it make sense to human" seems to be redundant, is this one more appropriate, "nor does it to human"


texts: For studying languages / to study languages

texts:
Don't know which sentence to use, to study a language from someone.

I want to find someone for studying languages.
I want to find someone to study languages.
I want to find someone to learn languages/for learning languages.


texts: Adjective clauses: "in order to" or "and"

texts:
Can we use adjective clauses this way like below?

  This is a subject that I did some research and figured out.

  This is a word that I read a book and learned.

  This is a method that I did a lot of experiments and came up with.

  This is a car that I sold my old stuff in order to buy.


texts: Is "I was who sent you the letter" grammatically correct?

texts:
I was who sent you the letter.

Is this sentence grammatical?

I believe it is correct to say

  It was me who sent you the letter

which seems like a similar structure.


texts:
If Benjamin had never written another word about politics after these essays, we would probably understand him today as a proponent of that diffuse strain of vitalism in early-twentieth century Continental thought that drew many intellectuals to radical right-wing views and movements after World War I.

Is it possible to paraphrase the bold passage in this way: …a proponent of expanding vitalism that was spreading in early-twentieth Continental thought… The words "diffuse" and "strain" being put together in that clause enable a few interpretations. Do you think that of mine is OK?


texts: Why the indefinite article is not used before institutions when we think of the general idea of these places?

texts:
I don't understand why the indefinite article is not used before institutions (prison, hospital, university, college, church, etc.) when we think of the general idea of these places and what they are used for.

For example:

  My brother is sick in hospital.

Or:

  Michelle is a student at art school.

Is it an exception that I have to memorize?


texts:
This poetry is portraying a model multicultural paradise.

This sentence sounds awkward for me. It sounds like two nouns (model, multicultural paradise) are coming at the same time. Can someone explain whether this sentence is grammatically correct?


texts: Tense agreement in a somehow complicated case

texts:
This is my sentence:

  1) In his letter, written between the 22nd and 28th of October 1885, I. D. Wilson mentioned Mrs. Beard who had promised to take care of the old Mrs. Wilson if she came to enjoy with her son that wonderful creation of the young architect.

  2) ... if she would come ...

  3) ... had she come / if she had come ...

I am not sure especially about that "if she came". I do not know if it is the right choice. I have thought of two other alternatives (2 and 3) but I am also unsure about them.

What is the right form of the sentence?