texts: Question tag: Either you or he is mistaken, ____?

texts:
What is the appropriate tag to add to the end of the following statement?

Either you or he is mistaken, ______ ?

As is evident from the is, there are grounds for saying that the so-called proximity rule, that with subjects in either + or frame the closet noun to the verb determines whether the verb is singular or plural, is applied to this statement.

On this basis I tend to presumably conclude that the tag should in turn be isn't he?.


texts: Significance of 'T' in Booker T Washington

texts:
At 1 hr 52 mins into this, Judge Louis Pollak says:

  Do I write that his [Booker T Washington's] middle initial T. stood for 'Tom'?

This is then followed by not simply laughter, but gasps of horror? Would someone please explain the deeper, more subtle English implications? I know that his actual middle name isn't Tom, but I don't apprehend the uproar?


texts: "Are you wake up?" or "Did you wake up?" Which one is correct?

texts:
If you want to ask someone if he wake up or not. Which one is correct?

  Are you wake up?
  Did you wake up?


texts: "Will Jay have left work already?": the future perfect

texts:
It's said that the future perfect (will + have + past participle) is used to say that something will be completed by a particular time, as in

  By next summer I'll have finished my degree.

But in the example

  It's 5.30. Will Jay have left work already?

it seems to me that the second sentence could be replaced by

  Has Jay left work already?

which is of the present perfect tense, without any significant change in meaning.

Please let me know if I'm correct.


texts: "When appropriate, use X" vs. "Consider using X"

texts:
There is a list of guidelines that looks like

To ..., follow these guidelines:

...
...
...

Is it correct, in regard of this list, to treat "consider" in the beginning of a sentence as a possible replacement of "when appropriate" (and the other way around). Here is what I mean:
Example 1

a) Consider using X.
b) When appropriate, use X.

Example 2

a) When specifying a personal name, consider placing the family name before the given name.
b) When appropriate, when specifying a personal name, place the family name before the given name.

From stylistic perspective, I prefer the "b" sentence in the 1st example and "a" in the second one.


texts: Sentence structure with a double negative

texts:
I’m having issues with a double negative sentence. Bear in mind I don't want to change the sentence structure around, I just want to know if at the end of the sentence, I put the word isn’t or is

  Just because you (person A) don’t feel that she (person B) is innocent doesn’t mean
  that she is (or isn't).

I want to infer that just because person (A) doesn’t think that person (B) is innocent, she might be – so is it is at the end (which doesn’t sound right) or isn't at the end?


texts: What is the tense called: "I have got a book"

texts:
What's the name of the tense of the above-mentioned example:present simple or present perfect, or perhaps something else in modern grammar? Or simply "present"? Thanks in advance.

  I have got a book.


texts: you never learned, did you? or You never learn, did you?

texts: I would like to ask which of the sentences or questions above is correct or what could be the best correction? The message that I would like to convey is that to improve a behavior as a result of gaining greater experience or knowledge of something.


texts: What is the significance of "twelve" in "worth twelve of"?

texts:
“You’re worth twelve of Malfoy,” Harry said.

This is a sentence from Harry Potter I, where Harry said this to Neville.

My question is what is actually meant by saying this. Is there any significance of twelve ?


texts: Error correction : I have been informed that Dr. Sinha visits London the following month

texts:
I have been informed that Dr. Sinha visits London the following month.

I came across this sentence in a error correction exercise related to articles. Although there are no errors related to articles in it but is the tense of bold part correct ? Shouldn't it be Dr. Sinha will visit London the following month ? Or Dr. Sinha will be visiting London the following month ?


texts: How to properly reduce an adverbial clause?

texts:
I know American culture very well living there for ten years.

Is this sentence understandable, or even natural? I made it myself to see if the sentence could potentially be the reduced version of the followings.

  I know American culture very well because I have been living there
  for ten years.

  I know American culture very well because I have lived there for ten
  years.

  I know American culture very well because I lived there for ten
  years.

  I know American culture very well by living there for ten years.

I always think reducing an adverbial clause that is put at the back of the sentence would produce lots of ambiguous meanings, like the examples above. But a friend on the Internet told me that sentences like

  John saved money living in a cheap apartment.

  John saved money living in the U.S.

  John worked long hours at the hospital living in a cheap apartment.

could be easily understood as

  John saved money by living in a cheap apartment.

  John saved money while he was living in the U.S.

  John worked long hours at the hospital while he was living in a cheap
  apartment.

It seems like if a sentence is natural and common enough, then reducing the adverbial clause won't make it ambiguous. I'm still trying to figure out how this works and the grammatical rules involved.


texts:
The Second Conditional is used to express something that is unlikely to happen and it can only refer to future events.
According to this explanation I don’t really get these two sentences below, even though they sound fine to me.
An UFC fighter, after defeating his opponent said: “I said I’d punish him”.
I assume the fighter said that because he had a feeling of what  -would had happened, right?-

I never thought Trump would win.

Both sentences refer to past events.
Can anyone help me get a better understanding (figure it out/sort it out/clear my head/get my head straight)?


texts: I was wondering if there is a word for mediatory state between impossible and possible? That means when we think something is impossible and there are ways to make it possible. So can we have a word to define the state of covering the distance between that impossible to possible?


texts:
What does attached to material means? I heard it in the song Taking back my love by Enrique Iglesias. The wording goes like:

  Girl, you're stone cold, you say it ain't so,
  You already know I'm not attached to material


texts: Is it grammatical to use the present perfect tense when speaking about something that happened in a finished period?

texts:
— Here you are at last! Where have you been?
— I’ve been fishing. I’ve caught a big fish.
— What fish did you catch?
— I caught a salmon.
— Where were you when you caught it? (Or should it be "Where have you been when you caught it"? Or both are correct? My teacher suggested to me this option but I'm not sure if it's right)
— I was at the lake. (or I’ve been at the lake?)


texts: "such + noun + like something" structure instead of "such + noun + as something" structure

texts:
I'd like to ask you if I can use like instead of as in a such + noun + as structure. I know that I can just use a noun + like something structure instead, which is simpler. But, what I would like to know is merely whether it is correct.

For instance:

  He tends to easily get close to such people as Tom.

  He tends to easily get close to such people like Tom. ( ← Is this correct?)

  He tends to easily get close to people like Tom.

Thank you for your help.


texts:
A student asked if you needed an article before the word "fear" in sentences like

  "I have (a) fear of height".

From what I know, people usually use "a" before the word "fear" when describing a specific fear they have. However, I used COCA and found that "I have fear of..." sentences actually do exist, but they are, according to what I observed, for more abstract things like

  "I have fear of pain"

  "I have fear of people"

  " I have fear of losing you".

Is my observation correct? Or either one is acceptable in either scenario? Or is using "fear" without the "a" article is just simply informal?


texts:
Example with a context (Riots in Baltimore over man's death in police custody):

  Monday's riot was the latest flare-up over the mysterious death of Freddie Gray, whose fatal encounter with officers came amid the national debate over police use of force, especially when black suspects are involved. Gray was African-American. Police have declined to specify the races of the six officers involved in his arrest, all of whom have been suspended with pay while they are under investigation.

How should that exactly be understood?


texts:
Hello everyone:

Let’s say I have two younger sisters named Mary and Stacy, aged 28 and 25 respectively.

In a conversation with a friend of mine, I want to talk about Mary, who is younger than me but older than Stacy. What should I say?

a.     Mary, the older of my two younger sisters, is 28 years old.

b.     Mary , my older younger sister, is 28 years old.

c.     Mary , my first younger sister, is 28 years old.

Thanks


texts:
Tell me please if following sentences have indentical meanings.

  The president became known as the most innovative president of all.

  The president came to be known as the most innovative president of all.

As a non-native speaker I cannot see the difference, and I would prefer to use the first one as it is less wordy.


texts:
You are my constant reminder that promises are made to be broken.

Is this correct?

I'm also thinking of placing a 'the' before 'promises' as in:

  You are my constant reminder that the promises are made to be broken.

Are both sentences correct? Please help.


texts:
Is it possible to write

  I have woken up very early today because I don't want to miss my favourite Tv show

or

  I woke up  very early today because I don't want to miss my favourite tv show

In both cases I mean that the tv show is in the future, it has not happened yet.


texts: When someone says that someone is like another person, do they mean the have a similar appearance or personality?

texts: Let's say someone says you are like your father, do they mean that I look like my dad or that I have a similar personality. Can it mean both?


texts:
Is there any difference between hold on to something and hold onto something?

The way I see it, they are absolutely identical in meaning.


texts:
I see the word that used in different context with different meanings, yesterday is just saw a statement says:
"What's the worst thing that could happen?"
and I was wondering what is the difference from
"What's the worst thing could happen?"
what I want to know is what the value that comes with the word "That" in the first one.
THANKS


texts:
I read on https://www.livinginperu.com/news-4184-law-order-peru-new-alcohol-laws-established-in-lima-peru/ (mirror):

The new decree, Decree N°180, allows the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages during the stated hours in: casinos, nightclubs, video pubs and reception halls.

What is referred to as a "video pub"? Is that just any bar?


texts: The use of "he" as a gender neutral pronoun on a formal writing

texts:
I made the following composition.
It was meant to be a formal writing.

  Most proponents of euthanasia say that it is allowed only when the patient is willing to receive it.
  However, when the patient's mind is not stable, i.e. he does not have a determined mind, the treatment will be problematic.
  He might strongly wish to be put to death because of his serious illness, or he might wish otherwise depending on a circumstance.
  No person can determine the will of a patient who is under such a condition.

Is my use of "he" appropriate?
If not, how should I write instead of "he"?

Remark
This is a translation from Japanese.
It is not necessarily my opinion.


texts:
In the dictionary

  roller skate [count]  : a shoe that has wheels on the bottom and that
  you wear in order to skate on a flat surface — usually plural

  a pair of roller skates

  skate shoe

  (also Heely™ especially in British English, North American English
  roller shoe)   a sports shoe that has one or more wheels underneath
  it

  Learn to roll on your skate shoes.

  Youngsters were gliding by on their skate shoes.

  skate 2 [countable] one of a pair of boots or frames with small wheels on the bottom, for moving quickly on flat smooth surfaces SYN
  roller skate

But when I google "skate shoe", it does not show the shoes that I expected.

But when I google "skating shoe", it does show the shoes that I expected.

See the picture:

Do we call it "roller skate" or "roller shoe" or "skate shoe" or "skating shoe" or "roller skate"? Which one is the most common?


texts:
In Ghost World, Rebecca said these words after watching Joey McCobb TV Show, with Edin:

  Edin: If he's so weird, how come he's wearing Nikes? Joey McCobb is
  our god.

  Rebecca: I want to do him.

  Edin: I bet.

What is the meaning of Rebecca Words?


texts:
Turning the envelope over, his hand trembling, Harry saw a purple wax
  seal bearing a coat of arms; a lion, an eagle, a badger, and a
  snake surrounding a large letter H.   (Harry Potter and the
  Sorcerer's Stone)

It seems like a colon is more plausible in where the semicolon is, for after this mark are the contents of the previous coat of arms. What does the semicolon intend to say?


texts: Preserved or had preserved, the difference?

texts:
Theseus was a great hero to the people of Athens. When he returned home after a war, the ship that had carried him and his men was so treasured that the townspeople preserved it for years and years, replacing its old, rotten planks with new pieces of wood.

Can i substiute had preserved or had been preserving for preserved ?
If not, can you tell me why?


texts:
The protein part of the substance is identical to natural human interferon beta-1a.

Should there be the before "natural ... 2b"?

  The protein part of the substance is identical to the natural human interferon beta-1a.

There are two adjectives: natural and human. On the other hand, there's the designation "beta-1a". Should we then omit the article, like we omit it in "Room 301"?


texts: "who is not driving.", continuous verb or an adjective?

texts:
passenger  – a person who is not driving; the side of a car opposite the driver.  Driving and Traffic

In the above sentence, Is "(is) driving" continuous verb or an adjective?


texts:
Which one is correct "I have produced" or "I have Submitted"?
I need to write a letter to take my certificates previously I submitted/ produced certificates at the time of joining.


texts:
Please help me to understand it

  If you’re going to ham it up, go the whole hog.  — G. I. Gurdjieff

Is the 'ham' a meat? What is a 'hog' here?


texts: Is "throughout" used in this sentence as a verb?

texts:
There's a lengthy bug thread on OS X Yosemite that has been added to throughout the beta testing period.

Source: http://www.macrumors.com/2014/07/24/os-x-yosemite-first-impressions/


texts: They wouldn't/won't come here if they didn't/don't like this place

texts:
What's the difference in meaning between:

  They wouldn't come here if they didn't like this place.

  They won't come here if they don't like this place.


texts: Meaning: "Angular is what HTML **would have been had it been** designed for applications"

texts:
I was reading the Angular.js documentation when I saw this:

  Angular is what HTML would have been had it been designed for
  applications.

I've never seen a construction like this and I can't get neither the meaning nor the structure that is been used.

Could you explain it?


texts: Is it common to say "it's not your call"?

texts:
I’m pretty sure that the following expression is quite common to have someone else make the decision in everyday speaking.

It's your call.

Ngram Viewer justifies it.

The graph also indicates that the negative version of it is much less common than its positive version.

It's not your call.

However, the statistic is based upon written English.
In real life, is it common to say "it's not your call" in speaking?


texts:
If your friend has a job interview, what does "so think of him/her on Tuesday/Thursday/etc" mean?

Does it mean like pray for him that they get the job?


texts: What is the difference between “Have said” and “said”?

texts:
I have seen in news “ you have said”
“someone has said”
When to use “have said” ?
And
When to use “said”?


texts: "It is correct on both statements you sent to me" vs. "Both statements that you sent to me are correct"

texts:
Please consider the conversation below:

  Me: "Is statement A correct?, also, is statement B correct?"
  Answerer: "Yes, it is correct on both statements you sent to me."

Does the sentence "Yes, it is correct on both statements you sent to me." in this context have equivalent meaning as the sentence

  "Both of the statements that you sent to me are correct"?

Thank you,


texts: Gulping the Minimum Hardware Details -- I don't understand how the verb "gulp" is used here

texts:
Source: TCP/IP For Dummies, 6th Edition by Candace Leiden and Marshall Wilensky (2009)

I don't understand how the verb gulp is used here. To gulp, as far as I know, basically means to consume or eat something very quickly, but that doesn't seem to fit the example in the book.


texts:
He left the band out of his own decision.

I'm trying to say that It was his own decision to leave the band.
Is this ok to say?


texts: Meaning of expression "They are calling for rain"

texts:
Whenever the radio/TV weather forecasters predict any kind of rainy weather,
you hear people, when chatting or making small talk with friends and/or family:
"They are calling for rain."
Is this expression used correctly in that context?


texts: Definite article in "Where applicable, the containers for parenteral preparations comply with the requirements..."

texts:
From European Pharmacopoeia 8, Chapter 0520 "Parenteral Preparations"

May we omit the here? I don't think that the previous mention of "containers for parenteral preparations" fully justifies the use of the, since it's not a particular set of containers.


texts:
A Dirge

  Rough wind, that moanest loud
  Grief too sad for song;
  Wild wind, when sullen cloud
  Knells all the night long;
  Sad storm whose tears are vain,
  Bare woods, whose branches strain,
  Deep caves and dreary main,--
  Wail, for the world’s wrong!

Found this Shelley poem, and I was wondering what "moanest loud" meant. Why is loud used as a noun? Is this a figure a speech?


texts: Expression for a person in a group that makes other people engage more

texts:
I am looking for an expression to describe the following type of people: a member of a group that, by his/her sole presence, makes other members more actively participate in the group activities.

More precisely, this person:

does not need to be a designated leader or manager, like a class representative, or a club president, or a football team captain.
does not directly push people to participate. His/Her sole presence and his/her behavior more or less consciously induce more engagement from other people.
does not need to be loved to induce that effect. It is not necessarily a matter of competition.
does not need to be better than other members of the group at what they are doing.
does not need to be aware of his/her effect on the group.

Basically, for some reason that does not matter here, the group works less efficiently when this particuliar individual is absent.

For example, a student that asks many questions or propose ideas (good or not, it does not matter) in class and that entail other students to speak and participate.

French expression for this situation would be "Il est le moteur du groupe", but "he is the engine/motor of the group", although understandable in English, does not seem to return many results on search engines.


texts: What is the meaning of "shall we say" here?

texts:
In a movie Angels and Demons, the following conversation occurs.

Historian- Why me?
Police- Your expertise. Your erudition. Your recent involvement with certain church, shall we say, mysteries!

What does "shall we say" mean here? The tone seems to be of asking something, however it isn't. So what does it mean here?


texts: Can you explain the grammar of this sentence please: "movies to have a good cry to"

texts:
I try to understand using of 'to' at the end of this sentence. I understand the meaning but grammar is confusing me. Can someone explain it to me please? I hope I could express myself. I googled but couldn't find anyting. 'songs to dance to', 'songs to make up to' etc, have same construction. Is it about the verbs 'dance' ,' make up','have' or something else that? For me in to's at the end of construction is necessary but obviously I'm wrong but why?

Thanks in advance.


texts:
I saw this New York Times article:

  Mr. Trump’s presence in the 2016 race has already had pernicious effects, but they’re nothing compared with what would happen if he were the Republican standard-bearer. The nominee, after all, is the leader of the party; he gives it shape and definition.

According to normal grammar rules, one should write "he is", "he was", "they are", and "they were".  So, in the article above, is "he were" wrong?  Should "he were" be changed to "he was"?


texts:
Jack Sparrow: what has become of my beloved Pearl?

  Barbosa:
  I lost the Pearl as I lost my leg.

  Jack Sparrow:
  - Lost the Pearl?

  Barbosa:
  - Aye.

  Barbosa:
  I defended her mightily enough,
  but she be sunk nonetheless.

  Jack Sparrow:
  If that ship be sunk properly,
  you should be sunk with it.

  -- Pirates.Of.The.Caribbean.On.Stranger.Tides.

I don't understand why be is used here twice. Is it archaic? Why use this form? And what does properly mean here?


texts:
These are the opening sentences of the first chapter of a book I'm writing on wattpad.

  I’ve always been waiting.

  I waited for many things - maybe even everything.

  In queues to our canteen’s food stalls, for trains and late buses, toilets, ticket booths, exams and their results, everything, and everything else. The list just goes on and on, really.

I wanted to emphasize the waiting but I do realize that I may have been repeating too many things on these bits. I had a number of people read it (I didn't specifically ask for opinions in this part) and no one has complained so far but I'm wonder whether I should adjust this part or just leave it as is.

What would you suggest?


texts: Possible wrong interpretation of a passage

texts:
Concerned paragraph:

[Background: a master and his servant (a water tubewell technician) have been living happily for several years. The master owns seven farms spread across a large river. The master "became familiar with this ubiquitous man, who not only accompanied him on his tours of inspection, but morning and night could be found standing on the master bed rewiring the light fixture or in the bathroom poking at the water heater". Now, on this one day, the servant has hesitatingly said this to his master]

[i've redacted the proper nouns for these people's names with "the master" and "the servant" to avoid confusion]

  “Sir, as you know, your lands stretch from here to the Indus, and on these lands are fully seventeen tube wells, and to tend these seventeen tube wells there is but one man, me, your servant. In your service I have earned these gray hairs”—here he bowed his head to show the gray—“and now I cannot fulfill my duties as I should. Enough, sir, enough. I beg you, forgive me my weakness. Better a darkened house and proud hunger within than disgrace in the light of day. Release me, I ask you, I beg you.”

Question asked related to this quote

  The servant's comments primarily serve to:

flatter the master by mentioning how vast his lands are.
boast to the master about how competent and reliable the servant is.
emphasize the servant's diligence and loyalty to his master.
notify the master that the servant intends to quit his job tending the tube wells.

My question:

Notice the lines of the paragraph: "now I cannot fulfill my duties as I should" and "Release me". Don't they clearly indicate that the servant intends to quit his job? Hence, option 4 should clearly be correct.

However, option 3 has been given as correct by KhanAcademy, saying that option 4 is incorrect because "The servant doesn’t say he intends to quit his job, asking instead only for help doing it"

So, my question is:

  Isn't the above a clear example of misinterpretation of the paragraph by KA?

All options with KhanAcademy's explanations - for reference

Even though it initially highlights the vastness of the master’s lands, it primarily focuses on the servant’s dedication and service to the master.
This emphasizes not that the servant is competent and reliable but that the servant feels he is no longer able to adequately fulfill his duties.
The main purpose of the servant’s comments is to highlight the labor and service he has provided for the master over the years. the servant says “there is but one man, me, your servant” to take care of the tube wells on all the master’s vast lands and that the extensive work has resulted in the servant earning gray hairs on his employer’s behalf.
The servant doesn’t say he intends to quit his job, asking instead only for help doing it.


texts:
I know that the Present Continuous can be used to describe a picture. What about the Present Simple and other tenses?

If the Present Simple is possible what makes us use it instead of the Present Continuous?

For example. There is a picture of  CopperKettle (a member of this forum) typing a message on his/her computer.

Is it OK to say:

In the picture CopperKettle is typing a message
or
In the picture CopperKettle types a message.


texts:
On the campaign trail he promised to withdraw from an international accord, "struck" last year in Paris, to fight global warming. This week, as president-elect, Mr Trump said he has an “open mind” on the Paris deal and that there is “some connectivity” between human activity and climate change.

I've looked it up the dictionary but couldn't find anything that fit the meaning in the context. And I know it's the past tense and the past participle of "strike".


texts: "This is that, as a native English speaker"?

texts:
Sometimes I stumble upon sentences like "As a native English speaker the most natural way to say..." (https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/201348) or "It [the expression] sounds more natural, as a native English speaker" (https://ell.stackexchange.com/a/75465; nothing personal, just as an example). They always feel ungrammatical, although I understand that the word "speaking" is probably implied before the "as". (But then, well, does a truly ungrammatical sentence exist?) Moreover, they are often ambiguous: do they mean "I'm a native speaker" (as in "As a mom, it's exhausting") or rather "to sound like a native speaker, do this"?

What do such sentences usually mean? Don't they sound (perhaps intentionally) funny to native speakers?

By the way, I'm now searching for similar phrases in BNC and see this: "As a child, I can remember it ever so well, doing it, mm". Here, it's clear that the speaker is not a child but rather remembers doing it as a child, so such cases are different.


texts: One word for craving for something that happened in my past

texts:
What is the one word for what makes one person think of something happened in past ,with strong desire?

E.g.: Something pleasant happened in my past life and it always makes me think of it in the present in a way I want to do it again.


texts: why the use of a singular noun instead of plural?

texts:
Why must we say 'a three-MAN committee' and not 'a three-MEN committee', 'a two-DAY programme' and not 'a two-DAYS programme'?

If we argue that it's because of the article 'a', since we can't have 'a men' but 'a man', then what of the 'three' before it? Can we have 'a three'?

I need the explanation of that rule.


texts:
Taj Mahal is made of Granite.

Vs

  Taj Mahal was made of Granite.

Which one's more correct?

Similarly,

  This film was shot using the Nikon D700.

Vs

  The film is shot using the Nikon D700.

As far as I know, we use past simple for something that happened at a specific point in the past which may/may not have significance in the present. But we use simple present to talk about facts or truth.
For example:

  Bread is made of flour.

So which one of the above expressions are correct in both cases?


texts: Correct usage of pronoun in the following sentence

texts:
1) Every student was selected for their/his placement training in the
  college.

  2) Each girl was given a bunch of flowers which pleased her/them very much.

Could anyone clear my doubt which pronoun to be used here.


texts:
Consider the following sentence:

  Sorry for not being at home when they came. I had to be in the city.

The person who says it lives in some city and on that day he/she is still in the same city but has to run errands, not stay at home.

Is "in the city" used correctly in this particular context? Does it convey the idea?


texts: What does "the reporting obligations prescribed by national regulations" mean?

texts:
I do not know what the bolded text says although I know the meaning of every single word! Would someone kindly help me?

Tourism professionals, insofar as it depends on them, should show concern, in cooperation with the public authorities, for the security and safety, accident prevention, health protection and food safety of those who seek their services; likewise, they should ensure the existence of suitable systems of insurance and assistance; they should accept the reporting obligations prescribed by national regulations and pay fair compensation in the event of failure to observe their contractual obligations;
(Source)

What are the reporting obligations prescribed by national regulations?!


texts: Is it ok to start a sentence with "The"?

texts:
I often write sentences which start with the word "The" like:

  The reference to Michele Foucault is important to understand MA because of three major aspects: …

I do not really like the phrasing and wonder if I use it because of my German background. Hence, my question is: Is it ok to use "The" at a beginning of a sentence? If so, is it common or uncommon to use "The" at the beginning of a sentence? Which more elegent sentence structures exist which do not need the article at the beginning?


texts: Passive with "have" (e.g. "Have something done")

texts:
In the book that I am learning, there was a sentence:

  I had my watch mended.

I don't know what that means.
Does it mean the following?

  I commanded that my watch be fixed.


texts: Infinitive phrase as adjective vs. adjective clause

texts:
My question is that if the below sentences have the same meaning ?

I cleaned my tie to look nice.
I cleaned my tie that looked nice.


texts:
I am thinking about replacing Noticing by Identifying, but I am not sure which one fits better in this context?

...Therefore, their interaction is carefully examined with my students in the subjects of Geography  and Forest. Noticing the skills of Hassim in these courses, I am sure she made the right decision in choosing the master’s in agriculture. Furthermore, this master is crucial for enhancing his capacity to research and develop projects related to food production, ability important to assist the urgent demand of food for zones with scarcity.


texts:
There is a line from this article,

Not a single Republican in Congress voted for the rescue package now headed for final approval in the House and a signature from Biden, as they angrily denounced the legislation and the way in which it was assembled.

There isn't a connection "and" so 2 verbs reference the Subject "Not a single Republican" at the same time. This is a mistake, am I wrong?
Thank you for your time.


texts:
Which one is correct of or for.
May Allah make you an obedient child for/of your parents.
Any answer will be appreciated


texts:
I came through a sentence that comma precedes "in which," but I have heard that no comma precedes "which" that has a preposition before it.

  Application of Hennig’s winnow therefore supported a different cladogram , in which tarantulas and their allies (Mygalomorphae) are more closely related to typical spiders (Araneomorphae) than they are to the Liphistiidae.

In the above sentence, is comma necessary ?


texts: Can I explain a process of something in sentences without using "I"?

texts:
I am creating a portfolio of design works, which illustrates how each project is made from start to finish. On each project's pages, there are graphic to guide people to read from left to right with a title for each step. There are also a short descriptions about 2-4 sentences accompany the titles.

Here is where I have my question. I know it is grammatically right to use 'I' and write this process in past tense but, it sounds less beautiful and long. I tried start the sentence with V-ing but then feels like it is grammatically wrong. Because this process has already happened in the past, may be I should put past tense but start sentences with V-ed sounds weird to me. As a portfolio of design work, I think it should be short and does not sound like "I'm" telling a story.

For example:
(Conceptualization Step)

  Explored possibilities to form a model using different materials and methods. Collected data from various research and made a conclusion of a prototype with team members.


texts: What is meaning of “extend my sympathies to moons two through 78”?

texts:
I was watching episode 5 of the 12th season of Big Bang Theory which starts with Raj speaking:

  Recently, 12 new moons were discovered orbiting Jupiter, bringing the total up to 79.
  As a middle child myself, I'd like to extend my sympathies to moons two through 78. Your grandpa will never learn your name.

What does the part "extend my sympathies to moons two through 78" mean? I know it is pun intended but English isn't my native language. So I would be obliged by any answer.


texts: "Lately I meet" vs. "lately I have been meeting"

texts:
Is there any difference in meaning between lately I meet and lately I have been meeting? I would've thought that lately is used with the Present Perfect Continuous, but in the 23rd episode of the 8th season of Friends, Phoebe used it with the Present Simple. Here is the context:

Phoebe: Ooh, this is it! (Looks in the window.) Oh, that’s him! That’s
him!
Joey: Great! Go get him.
Phoebe: Wait a second, or maybe you can go in first.
Joey: (looks in the window) He’s not really my type.
Phoebe: No not you, Dr. Drake Remoray. You can ask him questions and
see what’s he like. People tell doctors everything.
Joey: But you said he was this great guy!
Phoebe: But lately all the guys I meet seem really nice at first, then
they turn out to be the biggest jerks.

Would the meaning change somehow if she would say lately all the guys I have been meeting... or lately all the guys I am meeting...?


texts: What is the word "act" supposed to mean in this context?

texts:
I read a sentence in The Hindu source which was:

  I am agnostic on the question of whether there was an act or two on the part of the CJI or by the woman who complained against him.

I don't know what the word "act" is supposed to mean here.


texts: Correct use of Sit, Was sitting, was seated in English sentence

texts:
Context:

A pregnant lady got into the bus bus and I did not offer her my seat. After alighting from bus my friend asked me"

Que: Why didn't you offer your seat to that pregnant lady?

a) I did not offer my seat to that pregnant lady because I sat on the last seat in the bus.

b) I did not offer my seat to that pregnent lady because I was sitting on the last seat in the bus.

c) I did not offer my seat to that pregnant lady because I was seated on the last seat in the bus.


texts: The use of the grammar structure "there is" in context

texts:
Tell me please which question is correct?

  Is there anybody sure that he is right in the room?

  Is anybody sure that he is right in the room?

I feel that both sentences are correct, but I cannot see the difference. Is there any?


texts:
There is a small part of an story:

  'Congratulations, Mark,' Alison said, 'You're the youngest Lottery winner we've ever had. Here's your cheque for $127,000.' I was so shocked, all I could do was let out a dazed, 'Thank you.'

I have looked up the word dazed but it's an adjective and it means confused. Therefore, It is quite unintelligible to me that what a dazed means.


texts: Difference between the verbs keen and wail?

texts: I find them equally dramatic but is the difference perhaps that wail is more general while keen must be in response to the death of someone you were close to?


texts: "Look at the sun setting" OR "Look at the setting sun"

texts:
Look at the sun setting.

  Look at the setting sun.

As far as I know, setting in the first sentence is a participle and in the second sentence it is an adjective.

Do they both mean the same?

Thanks in advance.


texts:
There is only one mistake in this sentence, and it is "African" -> "Africa", but I can't understand why "antelope similar.." is right? Could you explain to me ?

  "A small antelope similar to the chamois lives in rocky places from southern African to the Sahara."


texts: Does "felt" belong to "excluded" in this context?

texts:
It declared that it felt no longer represented in the Federal
Council, excluded the two serving federal councillors elected as SVP
members from its parliamentary group and declared ‘fundamental
opposition’ to the government.\
- Swiss Democracy by Wolf linder

Does this sentence go like:

"It declared that it felt no longer represented and felt excluded"
or
"It declared that it felt no longer represented and it excluded two councilors"
?


texts: How can I justify a delay in office due inclement bad weather..actual case is my flight got delayed by 3 hrs and I reached late to office, because of such delay production has hampered. Now clients are asking for preventive action. Although it's a natural weather issue no one can do anything, but then to I have to justify it. All suggestions are very well come.


texts: Interchangeably: You're supposed x You should

texts:
Can I use "should" rather than "you're supposed"?

Aren't you supposed to give him anesthectic?
Shouldn't you give him anesthetic?


texts:
Till the first friend dies, we think ecstasy impersonal, but then discover that he was the cup from which we drank it, itself as yet unknown

The Drift Called the Infinite: Emily Dickinson on Making Sense of Loss

My question:does impersonal define ecstasy as "unknown" and does "itself" refer to "ecstasy"?


texts: Specifier, adjunct, or complement? how to know? syntax

texts:
How can I know if an embedded clause is a Specifier, an adjunct, or a complement?

For example, in a sentence like:

  One notion that nobody has mentioned yet was proposed during the conference.

Can you please explain to me the process of how to know if the embedded clause is a Specifier, an adjunct, or a complement?

I would really appreciate an explanation.

Thank you so much!


texts:
I learned a sentence from language magazine.
The movie is a sensation that has everyone excited. <-- from magazine

The movie is a sensation that everyone has excited.  <-- I think that should like this.

why the verb "has" is not located between everyone and excited.


texts: Using present perfect vs past simple in a context

texts:
Which sentence is more applicable to use :

1-Thank you, you got us this far.

2-Thank you, you have gotten us this far.


texts:
Which one is better?

take a ride in an amusement park
ride the rides in the amusement park


texts: A noun for an official examining the body of the diseased making sure it was a natural death

texts: Grandma passed away at home. A certain official with a few helpers were supposed to come from the government to our house and examine the body to make sure that it was a case of natural death. What's the right noun to describe the office of that official? Would "persecutor" fit the bill? Or, perhaps, "coroner"? Or some other noun?


texts:
Is there any alternative to the word tinged in the context of the following sentence

Tinged with regret, I disagree with his idea.


texts: The use of the definite article with the word "answer" in context

texts:
Let's say I am teaching math and I tell my students that if they don't know answers to my questions, they can ask me. I am not talking about specific questions and answers about math, but rather questions and answers in general. Do I have to use the before answers? For example:

  If you dont know (the) answers to questions, feel free to ask me.


texts:
Our priority is to have you turn over the money to the people.

Now I heard that somewhere what does it mean please explain.


texts: Why do we not use these helping verbs (do, did and does) in positive sentences?

texts:
I need to know why we do not use these helping verbs (do, did and does) in positive sentences. Let me give you some examples to explain it in a much better way.

He works (positive).
He does not work (negative).
Does he work? (question).

How would the meaning be changed if I rewrote the same sentence using does?

He does work.


texts:
I was angry with her because I was not invited to her party.

vs

  I was angry with her for not being invited to her party.

Is the second sentence meaningful/grammatical.
If yes, do these sentences have the same meaning.


texts: I'm asking if the title of my research paper is fine, it's entitled "Psychological Impact to Students Using Modular Learning Modality During Covid-29 Pandemic."


texts: What are the relevant adjectives for the noun, "Paradise"?

texts: In my religion it is believed that Staff of Moses came on the earth from Paradise. My question is, what is the adjective of the word Paradise? Like something that belongs to the world is called worldly, one from earth is called earthly.


texts: I'm suspicious about ONLY ONE thing. Do I have a doubt or doubts then?

texts:
The question rooted from the comment of J.R. on this question here. He edited my answer making 'a doubt' 'doubts'. In the comment it's mentioned that if I'm suspicious about something, generally it's expressed in a plural way. But in my answer, I had only one doubt that she meets someone which is out of my knowledge.

Now the question:

If I'm suspicious about only one thing, do I have a doubt? or doubts?

Note: In India, as I said there in my comment, it's quite clear. I have a doubt if I have a doubt and I have doubts if I have them many. In fact, I have many doubts is also common. In my dialect, I'm clear and pretty sure about it but posting this question to learn further.


texts: "Why we should all be terrified of Donald Trump winning in November."

texts:
Why we should all be terrified of Donald Trump winning in November.

Shouldn't it be "of Donald Trump's" in this example? —since this seems to be a gerund rather than a participle.

"Of Donald Trump's winning" to me is the same as "of Donald Trump's win",
while "Of Donald Trump winning" is similar to "Why we should be terrified that Donald Trump wins in November."

However it doesn't look like one would ever use that construction here so maybe that's the reason the objective was used? One of my online dictionaries says "rely on somebody doing something" were correct. So this would be another example of the objective + gerund construction although I have been told gerunds are never preceded by objective cases.


texts:
Consider the following paragraph from the essay entitled "The usefulness of useless knowledge" by the founder of the Institute for Advanced Study, A. Flexner:

  The subject which I am discussing has
  at this moment a peculiar poignancy.
  In certain large areas-Germany and
  Italy especially-the effort is now being
  made to clamp down the freedom of the
  human spirit. Universities have been
  so reorganized that they have become
  tools of those who believe in a special
  political, economic, or racial creed.
  Now and then a thoughtless individual
  in one of the few democracies left in this
  world will even question the fundamental importance of absolutely un-
  trammeled academic freedom. The real
  enemy of the human race is not the fearless and irresponsible thinker, be he
  right or wrong. The real enemy is the
  man who tries to mold the human spirit
  so that it will not dare to spread its wings,
  as its wings were once spread in Italy
  and Germany, as well as in Great Britain
  and the United States.

I do not understand the usage of the boldfaced. In my first thought, I deduce from the context around the boldfaced that it should mean something like "whether or not he is right or wrong".  But even if my conclusion is correct, I still cannot handle such usage to the extent that I can freely apply it in my writings.


texts: What does this participial construction mean?

texts:
"I think I've got a good idea of what's been going on," said Professor
  McGonagall. "It doesn't take a genius to work it out. You fed Draco
  Malfoy some cock-and-bull story about a dragon, trying to get him
  out of bed and into trouble. I've already caught him. I suppose you
  think it's funny that Longbottom here heard the story and believed it,
  too?" (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone)

The bold phrase seems to say about the intention of the action in main clause. Can a participial construction denote the meaning?


texts:
For instance, here's a sentence

  As shown in the video from a CCTV camera, [clause].

Is it okay? I'm also not completely sure about "in the video". You say "in the movie" or "in the book" so it's logical, at first sight. However, you release something "on" video or upload something "on" the internet.


texts: passive voice construction: "That evils had power was believed...."

texts:
I found a sentence from a test:

  That evils had power was believed in the olden days.

Why did the writer use the passive voice in this example? What difference would it have made if the sentence had been the following?

  People used to believe that evils had power in the olden days


texts: "solve a riddle involving a fish and a rake" meaning

texts:
If ...., I then have to solve a riddle involving a fish and a rake.

What is the meaning of solve a riddle involving a fish and a rake in the above sentence?


texts:
Holden workers will be hoping for some direction on the company's future when company chairman Mike Devereux fronts the Productivity Commission in Melbourne today. (ABC.net.au)

It seems like be plus present participle is to denote futurity. Then what does will imply? Is it for simple conjecture (epistemic), or is it adding some actualization meaning of the activity when be hoping can’t contain one?


texts: Shouldn't there be a preposition 'like' in "She looked every bit a princess."?

texts:
She looked every bit a princess.

Doesn't this sentence need the preposition like, as in "She looked every bit like a princess."?


texts:
I believe that in English the order in which you write a series of events will determine which event occured before the next, however I believe there are some circumstances where the "past perfect" isn't necessary and there are many in which it is, however I need to clarify this, are you able to help me?
Here are some examples...
I had to go home because I forgot my keys. (Used the past simple)
I had to go home because I had forgotten my keys (Used the past perfect)
He stopped talking to me because he found out the truth. (Used the past simple)
He got angry because he had found the truth. (Used the perfect past)
My Mum got worried because I told her about my accident. (Used the past simple)
My Mum got worried because I had told her about my accident. (Used the past perfect)


texts: What is the difference between "divided" and "sub-divided"?

texts: is there any major difference between "divided" and "sub-divided". and how can these words be used


texts: Past Continuous or any other Past Tense?

texts:
pls kindly advise if we should use here Past Continuous or any other Past tense?
e.g. I was waiting for you yesterday for 5 hours.
Situation: a person was waiting for another person. It lasted 5 hours. It was yesterday)
PS/ I've heard this sentence (word for word) from a teacher, who claims it is wrong to use here Past Continuous. Her variant is unknown. It was a video from her channel.
Thanks in advance)


texts:
Can we use past. Participle after didn't have ?

This is because we use first form of verb after did.

For example,

  I'm so sorry John I didn't have asked that question.


texts: Using the verb "fail" when we are talking about the exam in the immediate future

texts:
Although I've come across all of them, I think to fail in the exam is better. Thus, the second one is the best choice. However, may be, the last one would be as pretty good as the second.

  The exam is tommorow. You haven't practiced at all. You are going to:

  fail in the exam.
  fail with the exam.
  fail the exam.
  fail.
  fail exam.


texts:
From the Cambridge Dictionary

Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy?

"most" means "very" in a formal setting.
so, the quotation is appropriate for a job interview but might not be suitable for a more casual situation, like new friends in a pub. For that case, which word could be the alternative?
Is my understanding correct?


texts: "What goes around comes around" and its phrasal verbs

texts:
The phrase What goes around comes around means the someone's behaviour towards other people will amount to their behavior towards this man or woman (akin to the Karma principle or the Bible you reap what you sow).
There are the basic dictionary definitions of the phrasal verbs which make up the idiom:
to go (a)round

to visit a person or a place
to behave or be dressed in a particular way
if something such as an illness or a piece of news is going around, people are giving or telling it to each other
to move in a circle

to come (a)round

to visit a person or a place
if a regular event comes round, it happens again
(of a message, letter, etc.) to reach several people or places
to change your opinion or decision because someone has persuaded you to agree with them

Viewing all these defenitions I fail to establish a relation between them and the meaning of the phrase. Why are these phrasal verbs used to convey the idea of a person's behaviour and its percecutions? It seems the most relevant meanings for to go (a)round is to behave in a particular way and for to come (a)round is happen again, that is the idiom can be rephrased as what behave in a particular way happens again. Still it sounds kind of outlandish. So how do native speakers understand it?


texts: Can I describe state as action without context?

texts: For example, without context, can I describe the meaning of 'something is in the air' as 'something is going up in the air'?


texts:
Chilantu (pronounced as Chiluntu) is a composite word derived from Chillar + Ubuntu.

Chillar [Hindi] means loose change, like a few cents you throw away at a hopeless beggar in the corner of the street not out of mercy or sympathy but just to get rid of the loose weight of the cents in your purse while retaining only the dollars. In local business markets Chillar is commonly used to refer to small fractional bill amounts which are either rounded down or rounded up.

Ubuntu is the name of a very popular distribution of Linux operating system. It's open source and free of cost as in free beer. Ubuntu is an stubborn OS of choice for many geeks who despise Microsoft Windows.

In local Hindi slang Chilantu refers to a person who is a geek implying he is assumed to have very deep advanced knowledge about some unknown obscure field of study; although being Chilantu also states that he would be considered a fool in his daily activities without using any iota of his knowledge and not producing any result. For example, consider a Ph.D scholar who has not yet completed his thesis in spite of working over it for a decade and he is a poor sick homeless jerk whose wife has also deserted him (pun intended). Such a person is called Chilantu who in spite of such high degree and skill is socially worthless and is often discarded as useless by taxpayers.

I hope I was able to convey the meaning of Chilantu correctly. What is the equivalent word in English having the same meaning?


texts:
The textbook gives me a following sentence. Although, I could understand probably, since the appearance of the word was so sudden, that I get confused a bit

(The textbook is mainly talking about chemical solution/solvent aka chemical change issues as a whole.)

  Solution is the mixture of a solute in a solvent. The dissolved substance is the solute, and the substance that brings about the dissolving action is the solvent. When a lump of sugar is placed in water, tiny particles of sugar break off an mix with the water until the lump finally disappears. The sugar dissolves in the water and formed a sugar solution.

  Solutions are so common that we may overlook their importance. Plants that furnish our food get their nourishment from minerals dissolved in the soil, and our digestive juices must dissolve our foods before they can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Spots and strains are removed from clothing by applying the proper solvent.

There are 2 prerequisites and 2 questions

Prerequisites

The first raised part of "solvent" fits with the definition 1 in an image below in my opinion.
The last raised part of "solvent" would be perhaps categorized in definition 2.

Questions

Would my understanding in prerequisite 2 correct?
If 1 were correct, in a context as a whole, would it be a good idea for the writer to use the same "solvent"? (To me it sounds a bit abrupt.)


texts: What's the hidden joke/meaning behind "Don't drink and park - accidents cause people"?

texts:
One of the articles in my (Dutch) secondary school newspaper had a long list of funny English quotes, e.g. "Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like bananas.". There was one quote for which I couldn't figure out the joke:

  Don't drink and park; accidents cause people.

Since it's famous enough to be printed on mugs, sweaters and bumper stickers it must be funny, but I don't get it. There might be some innuendo (drinking, causing sexual activities, causing pregnancy) but I don't get the connection with driving (which is implied both by the similarity with "Don't drink and drive", but that slogan doesn't have a second part, and by "park"ing the car).

Is that all there is (and it's just not my type of humour) or am I missing something?


texts:
Is it the same meaning "what is wrong" vs "what is it wrong"?
if it isn't the same, please give me some example sentences.


texts: What does "pull" mean in "Didn't he pull this...?"

texts:
In the cars 3 movie , there's a quote of one character that is

McQueen's still not here? Didn't he pull this when he was a rookie? At least that's what my grandfather told me.

Context: In the first movie of the franchise, when McQueen was a rookie he didn't show up in time for the race, and the same thing happens in the Cars 3 movie, so when one of the racers is asked about McQueen he answered that.
Could someone explain what "pull" means in that sentence?
I never saw pull being used with that meaning.


texts:
I have come across the sentence that I cannot get. it is from Crash Course Astronomy (it is at around 1:40). Here is the sentence:

  Oxygen tends to glow green, but to a lesser extent give blue light too. Other elements span the spectrum in colours they give off.

Some dictionaries say span means to include something, but still I cannot get. Could you please rephrase the sentence for me please?


texts: Does "for" in these examples fit the meaning of "concerning"?

texts:
Consider:

  Deﬁned contribution plans involve very little risk for employers.

  A combination of negative equity returns and declining interest rates is a nightmare for all managers of deﬁned beneﬁt plans.

  Sometimes, the extreme market moves are measured in standard deviations, as was the case for our exchange rate example.

  An analyst could then search to find what multiplier must be applied to the changes observed in the past for a particular loss level to be reached.

  A bank should enhance its stress-testing approaches for its highly leveraged counterparties.

  Financial institutions should ensure that their capital will be in good shape not just for the specified scenarios, but also for other similar or related scenarios.

  Unfortunately human beings are not good at estimating a probability for the
  occurrence of a rare event.

  -- Risk Management and Financial Institutions, 3rd Ed. written by John Hull.

Does "for" in these examples fit the 3rd definition (concerning someone or something) in the OALD?

And are these "for + nouns" adverbial or attributive?

Please help walk me through them.


texts: Is it correct to use alongside in this context? (look at the image)

texts: The image above gives the context in which I'm trying to use alongside. It's a web application. I think it would be weird to write "Type the code alongside this text in the app form", so I would just write "Type the code alongside in the app form". Is it correct?


texts: Repetition and 'think for yourself what...'

texts:
'After 20 seconds, when the first printed words appeared, I found out what the message of the video was. In my opinion, this is a good timing, because you must first think for yourself what message SIRE wants spread with this video.'

The fragment, which I have written myself, is about a commercial from SIRE (company) called "Hands off our social workers".

I have two questions about this fragment. First, how do I avoid the repitition of' video'? And second, is it correct to use 'what' with 'think for yourself'?


texts: Can the verb 'leave' be attributed to a situation?

texts:
Can a situation "leave" someone in some state? Would saying that be a good style in English or would it be non-idiomatic and confusing instead?
For example:

Many times his classmates would start talking about the topics that
had been covered during the first semester, that is, the time when he
had still been lying in hospital. That often left him completely
unaware of what was going on in the class and made him feel put off.


texts: Is rogue used as a good adjective or bad adjective?

texts: I am a software engineer and one of the team of developers in my company has a name - "Rogue one". They have decided by themselves. My question is why "Rogue one". As per my understanding Rogue means - "destructive", doing things in an unmannered way. Something which is actually bad. Is my understanding correct of the word Rogue?


texts:
Is the phrase

  to what extent there exist

a correct phrase? For example:

  To what extent there exist disadvantaged families in this area?

I searched on it in google but did not find it used. So I am not sure if it is correct or not? Is there a better way to ask about the existence of a phenomenon in scientific research context?


texts: Is calling a 'money transfer' a 'funds transfer' valid?

texts:
This question hailed from this question of mine. There, I asked about the singular or plural word of 'Fund' but here, I'm asking something different.

In India, banks have options of 'Funds transfer' and not money transfer.

Here is the screenshot from my personal netbanking.

Now, at times, I transfer money from my Account A to my Account B. Both are my accounts and I simply transfer money for some reason (say low amount in Account B). Also transactions for services and products do happen this way (For instance, if I am the moderator of ELL and ELL pays me for the services, if it transfers the money into my account, my bank will notify me as 'Funds received from ELL.').

Now the question:

Can we use 'funds transfer' as 'money transfer' if that money is not used for any charity or in the interest of society?


texts: How to introduce yourself mentioning that you have a doctoral degree?

texts:
How would you introduce yourself when you need to mention that you have a doctoral degree. What is the polite way to say that? Which of the following is a better choice? Or maybe other suggestion?

  I am Dr. John Doe.

  I am John Doe (PhD).

I have seen both above, but to use Dr. before my name sounds a bit impolite to me. Is it so?


texts:
He was bending himself under the table to look for something.

  "Mind your head."

  "Mind the table."

Do they sound natural in the context above?


texts: In a chair at a club, what does it mean if somebody "wheels up their chair"?

texts:
From a short story by Algernon Blackwood, titled If the Cap Fits (public domain PDF),

Field-Martin, the naturalist, sat in his corner armchair at the Club [...]
[...]. Field-Martin wheeled up his chair
with vigorous strokes of his heels and joined the
group [...]

The description is from the early decades of the 20th century. Does it mean to raise/erect the chair, as opposed to reclining? I assume there were chairs operated by heels?


texts: Is it 'lesser' or 'less' when describing an amount of water?

texts:
From the following sentences, which one is more grammatically correct?

Carbohydrates in diet need less amount of water in comparison to proteins and fats.
Carbohydrates in diet need lesser amount of water in comparison to proteins and fats

I personally think the second one should be correct because we are comparing carbohydrates to fats and proteins.


texts:
I have a question about the following sentence (from page 174 of the book "Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion" by Robert Cialdini):

"Although designed for a laugh, the remark is as much instructive as humorous."

How is the meaning changed if much is deleted?   In another word, how is "as much instructive as humorous" different from "as instructive as humorous"?

Added Section:

Suppose I then write the following sentence:

To us, he is as much a friend as a colleague.

Sentence 2 uses much in the "to what extent" sense.
Could it be that sentence 1 also uses much in the "to what extent" sense, instead of the "very" sense?


texts:
I read the sentence:

  You need to rewire your brain.

I cannot find the meaning of 'rewire your brain' in dictionaries. Is it an idiom?


texts: what difference is there between saying "view" and "viewpoint"?

texts:
I know "viewpoint(the point of view = perspective):"World Stories are tales told from a local point of view." (a point of view = a perspective).

But, what difference is there between saying "view" and "viewpoint" as in:
"Any of the views expressed by the speakers  do not necessarily represent the views of the Merciful  Servant or any other projects it may have or intend to do."

What about if "views" was replaced with "viewpoints": "Any of the viewpoints expressed by the speakers  do not necessarily represent the viewpoints of the Merciful  Servant or any other projects it may have or intend to do."

Is really using "view"instead of "viewpoint"  just slightly more formal?

I was told:
"In my "point of view,” using "viewpoint" in this way gives you a chance to use it slightly more formally. Also you can use view in the following sense.
"As Donald looked down across the verdant valley. He realised his viewpoint was far superior to his rivals." His view of the road was completely free from obstructions."


texts:
Let's say you received an email 3 days ago and you are just now responding to it. So here, which of the following would you say:

I'm sorry I haven't responded to the mail for three days.

I'm sorry I haven't responded to the mail in three days.

And what's the difference in meaning between the two sentences here?


texts: What does "break up" mean in this sentence?

texts:
What does "break up" mean in football (soccer) context?

  Grealish pulled one back and almost set up the equaliser as his ball in narrowly evaded Hogan. Moments later, Norwich broke up the field and James Maddison netted from close range to make it three.


texts:
"Oh, you know Quirrell already, do you?
-- Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, by J.K. Rowling

There is a tag question that hasn’t negation thought the matrix is an affirmative. Is it ungrammatical or is it acceptable?


texts: A word that means women are only good for making babies?

texts:
I'm writing a paper right now on the treatment of Aryan women during the Third Reich and one of the key components was having a lot of children to raise the "aryan" or racially pure race. But I for the life of me can't think of a word to represent the idea of women only really being good for making/having kids. The only word I can think of is baby-making machines, but thats hardly eloquent. So any ideas?

Basically what I'm trying to say is that women were dehumanized down to the point where they were beyond being encouraged to reproduce but forced. They were only seen in society during the Third Reich as being good enough to have children, as in that was their main purpose.


texts:
Michael is in a car and is backing away from some cops, trying to flee
from them. Michael then sees that there is another cop behind him, so
he turns the speed up a little (he's still backing) to hit him.

How could I describe in a natural way that he turns the speed up a little of an already moving car?
Could I say "presses on the accelerator"? Would that be natural?
Michael presses on the accelerator, plowing into the cop behind him.
Or maybe "steps on the gas"? Or would that sound like his foot wasn't on the accelerator already?
Michael steps on the gas, plowing into the cop behind him.


texts: Use of the word "venture" in this context

texts:
Looking at the word venture here:

  "It smells a bit musty," ventured William after a moment's silence.

It seems as if to mean "to dare say something."

So would it be good situation to use this verb when we critize our boss at work by saying like:

  "The newbie guy at office ventured the CEO's opinion on the new product is not supportive.


texts: What is another way to say "have a wedding ceremony"?

texts:
If I want to inform a friend I'm getting married, could I use this sentence in the letter? What I'm trying to express is an alternative way to say I'm getting married.

  I'm writing to tell you I'm going to have a wedding ceremony soon.

Is there a more natural, alternative phrase?


texts: A question within a question, the punctuation

texts:
I'm not sure if this is the correct written way:

  "Who took the test? Mark?"

Is that the appropriate way to write that, or is there a punctuation mark that I'm missing?

I can always re-phrase it as,

  "Did Mark take the test"?

or

  "Was it Mark who took the test?"

But I'd like to know if the first way is appropriate.


texts:
It was Kuchela's friendship rather than his friendship  that drove him to Krishna's side.

Could it be had driven him?

  You told me yesterday.

Could it be had told?


texts:
I have had enough of eating burgers.

Can we say that if I eat too much burger continuosly through the day and don't want to eat it anymore?


texts: What is the meaning of the noun "set-up" in the following context?

texts: I cut the conversation short, reminded her again that if there is anything I could do I would do it, and hung up. Gina who had got the SET-UP from my expression said tactfully, "After all, she is the daughter of a millionaire."


texts: Difference between two usages of "two kinds"

texts:
What is the difference between the following two sentences?

  A: I need two kinds of fuels.

  B: I need two kinds of fuel.


texts: Is there a street verb or an idiomatic saying that's used to say that a vehicle passed the (red traffic) light or a STOP sign without stopping?


texts: Can a sentence have no independent clause in it?

texts:
If she had left some for her brother, maybe he would have been happier when he arrived home.

In the above sentence I know that

  If she had left some for her brother

is a dependent clause.

I know that

  when he arrived home

is a dependent clause.

It seems to me that

  maybe he would have been happier

is also dependent!

Which begs the question: can you have a sentence made up of dependent clauses with no independent clause in it?

Can anyone enlighten me please?


texts:
I remember seeing uses of the term such as:

The passages mentioning the green light are, I find, particularly interesting.
The passages mentioning the green light are particularly interesting, I find.
The passages mentioning the green light, I find, are particularly interesting.

Are any of these sentences acceptable/correct?


texts: Is "It was she did" grammatically correct?

texts:
Someone asks me who did it if I answer

  "It was she did"

Is it correct? Or is it preferable to say

  "It was she who did it"

or other answer


texts:
Should I use articles before official titles if they do not precede names?

For example,

  [name] became PM.

vs

  [name] became the PM.


texts: What does this mean: "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna

texts:
At the top of a squatty, three-story brick Sue and Johnsy had their
  studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the
  other from California. They had met at the table d'hôte of an Eighth
  Street "Delmonico's," and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and
  bishop sleeves so congenial that the joint studio resulted

This passage is from the story named "The Last Leaf" written by O. Henry.


texts:
It is important that he ________  what he is learning is worthwhile.
a-believe / b-believes     /c-to believe /d-believing
Why is the answer of this question is a and not b?


texts: "I have a lot of these." Does it make sense?

texts:
I've heard people saying, "one of these" at a cafeteria at college.
Is it OK to say "I have a lot of these"?

Example

  A: Can I take one of your pens?
  B: Yes, you can. I have a lot of these.


texts:
Peter Quill: She betrayed Ronan. He's coming back for her. And when he does, that's
  when you... ( Quill makes a gesture of slicing his own throat )

  Drax: Why would I put my finger on his throat? ( Drax is completely literal. Metaphors are gonna go over his head. )

  Peter Quill: What? ... No, it's a symbol. This is a symbol for you slicing his throat.

  Drax: I would not slice his throat. I would cut his head clean off.

  Peter Quill: It's a general expression for you killing somebody. You've heard of this. You've seen this, right?

  – Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)

These bolded expressions don't often appear in daily conversation. Do they sound formal?

I would use "a symbol of you slicing his throat", "a general expression of you killing somebody" or "a symbol for you to slice his throat", "a general expression for you to kill somebody" instead.

Would my suggested replacement bring any difference in meaning or emphasis? Is you non-obligatory in the original examples?


texts:
I have written an question in form "Where an attribute comes from?". Immediately I realized that this is not grammatically correct and rewrote it to "Where an attribute does come from?" But I started to think why I wrote the question the first way. I have seen it before. Even when I wrote this question, StackExchange offers me question written similarly.

My question is whether it is possible (ok) to write such questions: "Where an attribute comes from?" and why.


texts: What are the grammar of these sentence? (an IELTS writing, Task 1)

texts:
When I was reading this website "https://www.ieltsbuddy.com/ielts-task-1-map.html", I faced with some questions:
Somewhere it was written:

1-There have been several changes, the most noticeable being the increases in accommodation, the elimination of the fishing industry, and the introduction of sports facilities.

Is "being" the reduction of "are"? If so, What is the verb of "the most noticeable"?

Turning to the present day map, it can be seen that the fishing facilities have all gone, being replaced by four apartments,

Should The bolded part in the last sentence not be just "replaced"?
NOTE: In the first comment, both of them were explained. I understood the second, but could one tell me more about the first sentence? Frankly, to what extent, it is not fathomable to me.


texts:
To look at the picture by dividing it into the part A and the Part B, You would understand the chart.

is this expression awkward?
I can't search "To look at * by dividing" at google.
if it's the right sentence, Why is not it searched?


texts:
I'm curious about how to analyze "One thing I should note, though" as an introduction to what you want to alert the audience to. Is it short for "There is one thing (which) I should note, though" or an instance of the process whereby the object "one thing" shifts from behind "note" to the front of the sentence?

I'd appreciate your help.


texts:
Is there a synonym of the phrasal verb

  take somebody through something

Here is the sentence I am working on:

  The director took us through the play scene by scene.


texts:
I just answered a question on stack overflow : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57920126/how-to-make-sense-of-this-scala-stacktrace/57920452#57920452

In my answer, I used the terms "subject verb object" to identify parts of a compilation error, but I'm not quite sure that's correct.

In particular, I'm very hesitant to call a verb the whole group of words "cannot be applied to".

Is my usage of those three words correct ? If not, how should I correct it ?


texts:
Which of the following is correct?

  1. He will come by 11 a.m.
  2. He will come at 11 a.m.

Or if both are correct, is there any difference in meaning between the two?


texts:
I am curious about the usage of words "dilation" and "dilatation" in mathematics. I believe they mean exactly the same thing and wonder which one to choose.
Here is an article on wiki concerning  dilations: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilation_(metric_space)
Here is a link to a Khan Academy video on dilatations dilations: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/geometry-home/transformations/dilations-scaling/v/dilating-from-an-arbitrary-point-example
And here is a link to a math paper speaking of dilatation https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.pjm/1102992298


texts: What is 'to be polite' in this sentence? Is it an object?

texts:
What is 'to be polite' in this sentence?

"The student is taught to be polite."

What is its use and what is it called?


texts:
I read a sentence:

  Air power is like poker. A second-best hand is like none at all — it will cost you dough and win you nothing.”
   — General George Kenney,Commander of Allied Air Forces in the Southwest Pacific, 1942-45.

In daily use, "dough" often refers to money. In this sentence, does it also mean "money"? Does "dough" always mean "money" in the expression "cost you dough"?


texts:
One wild cart ride later they stood blinking in the sunlight outside Gringotts. Harry didn't know where to run first now that he had a bag full of money.
  (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone)

"Now that" means since. Then the highlighted sentence can be replaced by "(1) Harry didn't know where to run first (2) since he had a bag full of money." Semantically, this is somewhat awkward; I think that (1) cannot be the consequence of (2).

What's the exact meaning of the highlighted sentence?


texts: What is the meaning of "Know not what became of him "?

texts:
Ados, a novice, saying about his master William.

  I never saw him again and know not what became of him but I pray
  always that God received his soul and forgave.

What is the meaning of " Know not what became of him " in above sentence?


texts:
I was wondering if someone could tell me whether in the following self-made sentence I can substitute "took the shot" with just "shot" or it would sound unidiomatic or weird or something:

  The Indian took aim at us with his bow and arrow and then took the shot.


texts: 'Come to'/'Come in': what is the difference?

texts:
Consider these expressions:

  Come to my room.

  Come in my room.

  When I came in the lobby/corridor in the evening, there were tons of people gathered around for X.

  When I came to the lobby/corridor in the evening, there were tons of people gathered around for X.

Can anyone explain to me whether there is any difference between come in  and come to in this context? Because of my native language, I tend to use come in rather than come to.


texts:
I came across a word today that I am confused about. If 2 people are currently dating, should I say:

He dates you because you're funny.
He dated you because you're funny.

The first one sounds like it's correct but if I was talking about when the relationship was first started and still happening, should I use the second one?


texts:
1- Ryan conducted an experimental study and assessed isothermal sections at various temperatures.
2- Ryan conducted an experimental study on this system and assessed isothermal sections at various temperatures.
3- Ryan conducted an experimental study on this system and assessed isothermal sections for this system at various temperatures
In the above sentences, Which one makes sense?


texts: difference between "for the first time" and "the first time around"?

texts:
What is the difference between the following sentences?

  He has failed the exam for the first time.

  He has failed the exam the first time around.

Do those phrases have indentical meanings? If they do, than what is the point of using the word around in the second sentence?


texts: Why is it 'for I knew' not 'for I know'?

texts:
"Snape was trying to save me?"
      "Of course," said Quirrell coolly. "Why do you think he wanted to referee your next match? He was trying to make sure I didn't do it again. Funny, really... he needn't have bothered. I couldn't do anything with Dumbledore watching. All the other teachers thought Snape was trying to stop Gryffindor from winning, he did make himself unpopular... and what a waste of time, when after all that, I'm going to kill you tonight."
  Quirrell snapped his fingers. Ropes sprang out of thin air and wrapped themselves tightly around Harry.
  "You're too nosy to live, Potter. Scurrying around the school on Halloween like that, for all I knew you'd seen me coming to look at what was guarding the Stone."
  "You let the troll in?"
  (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone)

Judging by this answer of StoneyB's, the clause seems to say Quirrell didn’t know whether Harry had seen him on Halloween and it wasn’t important to him at the time, rather than now. Is it for this reason that he uses the past tense instead of ‘for all I know’?


texts: What does “you should mention that” on this context?

texts:
I am watching and learning the Thor’s Ragnarok movie and in the beginning of the movie

  Thor: I thought my father killed you, half a million years ago?

  Surtur: I cannot die, not until I fulfil my destiny and lay waste to your home.

  Thor: It’s funny you should mention that, because I’ve been having these terrible dreams of late; Asgard's in flames ...

So my question to you is: Thor used - "it is funny you should mention this". To me, it sounds more logical as "it is funny you mentioned this" rather than "you should mention this". Why was it expressed with "should"?


texts:
I was reading about rolling blackout and if I understand correctly it's when the electric utility company intentinally cuts out a region electricity like it's rationed and takes turn providing different regions with electricity by hour for example, because the demand for electricity is more than what it can supply.

What would be some phrases to describe the same occassion for water and gas?


texts:
I can't decide which meaning of the verb mark is involved here.

As always, it's a passage from god is not Great by Christopher Hitchens:

  If religious instruction were not allowed until the child had attained the age of reason, we would be living in a quite different world. Faithful parents are divided over this, since they naturally hope to share the wonders and delights of Christmas and other fiestas with their offspring (and can also make good use of god, as well as of lesser figures like Santa Claus, to help tame the unruly) but mark what happens if the child should stray to another faith, let alone another cult, even in early adolescence. The parents will tend to proclaim that this is taking advantage of the innocent. All monotheisms have, or used to have, a very strong prohibition against apostasy for just this reason.

I can't decide whether mark is attached to the verb hope to or used in the sense as in mark my words. I strongly assume it is attached to hope to but can't be sure as I read the rest of the passage.

Thank you very much.


texts: “The happiest people are those who are too busy to notice whether they are or not.” - What? Happy or Busy?

texts:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/

  “The happiest people are those who are too busy to notice whether they are or not.”
  William Feather

I didn't get what are they too busy to notice out of the following?

That they are happy?
That they are busy?


texts: Difference between simple, continuous and perfect passive participles?

texts:
Surrounded by people, the musicians stood up.
Being surrounded by people, the musicians stood up.
having been surrounded  by people, the musicians stood up.

(A).What are the differences/meanings between the above participle clauses?

(b).When to use simple passive participles(Surrounded) and continuous passive participles(Being surrounded)?


texts:
what is the true meaning of "line" and "paper" in this context?

It was, however, on a very high
moral and intellectual level, and might be best described as an up-todate
Christianity with Christ's ethics applied to modern problems and
entirely freed from all trace of dogma. "Documentary Religion," as
Davis called it, was not in his opinion religion at all. That name could
only be applied to the personal product of reason and spirituality. Such
was the general line of teaching, mixed up with many revelations of
Nature, which was laid down in the successive books of the "Harmonial
Philosophy" which succeeded "Nature's Divine Revelations," and
occupied the next few years of his life. Much of the teaching appeared in
a strange paper called "The Univercoelum," and much was spread by
lectures in which he laid before the public the results of his revelations.


texts:
So far, we’ve seen that could is often used as the past tense of can. Other important meanings and uses include the following.
•Use could (not can) to refer to conditional situations, in which something has to happen or be the case in order for someone to be able to do something or for something else to occur:

We could buy a new sofa if we stop eating takeaway meals every night.

--Source

I wonder why can cannot be used here. I would think if can were used, it would suggest capability or opportunity to do this in the situation, which would be quite reasonable.
Are there any other examples which can justify this usage?
Please help to clarify


texts: What do you call people who control the order at tourists attraction sites

texts:
What do you call the workers who control the public order and environment at tourists attraction sites?

For instance, the job is like the crackdown on fly-tipping or sleeping out in the open or vandalism.

They may work for the city tourism association.


texts:
I am so confused about the correctness of the following usages of "in the lead" of a newspaper:

  The U.K. government promised new powers for Scotland if it votes to remain in the U.K. after a weekend opinion poll showed the Scottish independence campaign in the lead for the first time.
  A poll released late Saturday showed pro-independence voters in the lead for the first time since the Scottish referendum campaign began.

Are "the Scottish independence campaign in the lead" and "pro-independence voters in the lead" correct?  It would have made more sense to me if a candidate running for office is "in the lead" or a team in some sport is "in the lead".


texts: Past tense with modals in reported speech

texts:
— "If I could have gone to college I would have done this."

How would you report this speech? I would do it the following way. But note that nothing actually changes in the verbs and I can't think of any way to make a change.

  — "He said that if he could have gone to college he would have done this."


texts:
Are the below sentence constructions correct?

  a) He got a discharge from the hospital.   b) He has got a discharge
  from the hospital.

To get can mean to receive. One can receive a discharge from the hospital.

  He has received a discharge from hospital.

So, in another way, can we say,

  He has got a discharge from the hospital.

Discharge can be used as a noun, meaning:
the action of discharging someone from a hospital or the armed forces or police.


texts: Are "during after school" and "after school" the same?

texts:
This post says

  For example,:

    I will walk home.

  and

    I will be walking home.

  Both refer to walking home in the future, but the first statement is
  used when referring to the next thing you are going to do i.e. during
  after school, while the second statement can be used anytime from the
  day before to just before going to school.

which uses the phrasing "during after school".

Does this expression make sense if I omit "during", which gets me "the next thing you are going to do after school"?


texts:
The man in the wheelchair got tilted/tipped back up after his wheelchair had fallen on its side.
Are both "tilted" and "tipped" fitting here?


texts:
The device must be made able to tend to emergencies on its own.

Is the above statement grammatically correct? Is there any other way to mean "to be made able to"?


texts: Is "mince" an exception to the silent e rule or does it follow it?

texts: I'm looking for an explanation of why the i is pronounced short instead of long in "mince" while it has an "e" at the end. It seems it's there to make the "c" a soft one (/s/) and not to change the sound of i comparable to "ride". Wondering if we have other similar words


texts:
Here are the instructions for you to follow.

The verb «follow» directly related to the Headword «instructions»; for- subordinator introducers one more subject in the sentence –You – it seems to be a perfect For-infinitival Relative Clause.

These are climate changing efforts for forest fires to be kept that low.

The verb «kept» relates not to Headword «efforts» but rather to one more added subject introduced by for- subordinator forest fires, hence in trying to keep the form of For-infinitival RC, I put in the Passive Form.
I might be wrong, but my understanding is that if a verb in the subordinate clause relates to Headword and NEW subject is introduced, then it is clear case of For-infinitival Clause.
Whereas, if it is this added Subject that the verb in Subordinate Clause relates to – it is not longer FOR-RC, but Purpose Adjunct with modality of obligation or necessity.
Am I right in my conclusion?


texts: Bridal shower and Baby shower, what does that even mean?

texts:
In

  A few years ago I hosted a bridal shower at your restaurant and it was fantastic! I'm going to be hosting a baby shower in September and would love to have it at Jane's!

What does bridal shower and baby shower mean in this context?


texts:
I watched a movie with a couple of charaters and I couldn't really relate to any of them, except for one, because I felt such people with this type of personality can't exist; they are just too perfect to be real and I think they came across as pretentious.

There was just one character who acted like a normal human being with flaws in character. Can I say something like this about him?

  Unlike the other characters in the movie, John really hits home.

I searched it online and I just found things, Ideas, and remarks used with this idiom.


texts:
Question Number 6 is really confusing. I understood that we should not add this sentence because it is unrelated.

CORRECT ANSWER: C

If the sentence which is to be added contained information related to actual needs and wants, we might have given a consideration. However, the actual problem is the explanation:

Why C? Why not D?


texts:
a. I had a difficulty to find a place to stay.

  b. I had difficulty to find a place to stay.

  c. I had a difficulty finding a place to stay.

  d. I had difficulty finding a place to stay.

Which of the above sentences are grammatically correct?

Which are natural?

Do they mean the same?

I use (d) myself and think it is grammatical. I am not sure about the other ones.
To me, (c) means that while I was finding a place to stay I encountered a difficulty. That doesn't mean the same as (d).

Many thanks.


texts: Is "Take Asian Pears" a complete sentence?

texts:
I wonder if "Take Asian pears" is a complete sentence.

I understand that for a sentence to be complete, it has to have a main clause. A main clause consists of a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. Someone said that the sentence is complete. I'm wavering over whether it really is complete.


texts:
He's worried himself sick about his daughter.
In this sentence, Is either He's [He is] or [He has] ?


texts: Why do we use "the" in " He thinks that the richer he becomes, the happier he will be."?

texts:
"He thinks that the richer he becomes, the happier he will be."

Why do we use "the richer" in this sentence?


texts: Is there any difference between the following two in terms of grammar or context?

texts:
Is there any difference between the following two in terms of grammar or context:

  Richard St. John, in his lecture, pointed out some factors in life which lead people to success. He said he conducted 500 interviews over a period of 7 years and came to the conclusion that the following 8 factors make people successful...

and,

  Richard St. John, in his lecture, pointed out some factors in life which lead people to success. He said he conducted five-hundred interviews over a period of seven years and came to the conclusion that the following eight factors make people successful...

If there is, When to use which format?


texts:
which one is correct?

  As soon as we get the files (or messages), we will send them to you by email.

or

  As soon as we get the files (or messages), we are sending them to you by email.

I have learned that we use the present progressive to express future when we have a prior plan before speaking, and we use will in cases that we are deciding something spontaneously, but the second sentence doesn't make any sense to me even though it seems like they have planned to send the files before speaking.


texts: Should I use "is" or "are" in the following "how many..." sentences?

texts:
Image A, B and C is having a conversation. There can be 4 scenes:

A: Don't put too many balls in the box. B: How many is/are too many?

A: Don't put too many balls in the box. B: How many balls is/are too many?

C: How many is/are not important. Have it your own way.

C: How many balls is/are not important. Have it your own way.

Should I use "is" or "are" in these "how many..." sentences?


texts:
Alternatives to using the sentence -
Does this make sense ?
context - I am explanining a solution to a student and then could I ask the above question ?
Is there a better alternative?


texts: Help to understand the usage of "after" in "Nothing you need to get a chain saw after yet"

texts:
Wareheim said so far the wind has only knocked down branches and limbs small enough to be carried. "Nothing you need to get a chain saw after yet," he said by phone.

As I understand, the sentence is saying that: Nothing you need to get a chain saw after the hurricane is gone yet.  But I'm not sure if my understanding is correct?

The full source.


texts: "In the race she came second" or "In the race she came in second". Which is right?

texts:
Which is the  right sentence between the two?

  In the race, she came second.
  In the race, she came in second.


texts:
What's the grammatical function of "1600's" in the following sentence?

It was a cutting edge technology of the 1600's.

To me it looks like a noun, meaning 17th century, but I'm not 100% sure.


texts: What tense are "I will have been given the money by then" and "I will be given the money tomorrow"?

texts:
"I will have been given the money by then"
  "I will be given the money tomorrow"

I'm studying tenses/aspects right now and I realize I could just use similar sentences in future perfect such as "I will have received the money by then", or in future progressive such as "I will be receiving the money tomorrow".

However, I was wondering if constructions similar to will have been given [something] and "will be given [something]" are correct and what tense would that even be.


texts: That's why I(male) like you(female) as a 'sister' Or 'brother'?

texts:
That's why I(male) like you(female) as a 'sister' (or 'brother'?)

I'm saying this and I'm male, and who I'm saying to is a girl. So should this be:

  That's why I like you as a 'sister'.

or

  That's why I like you as a 'brother'.


texts:
How to phrase the following sentence of cause and effect relationship?

I tried to phrase sentence, but because I'm not English native speaker, and this is the first time that I build a sentence like this, so I would like to get a feedback about it. Here is the build sentence:

  Since it doesn’t have nucleus, it also doesn’t have nucleolus

I want to say that because prokaryotic cell doesn't have nucleus, so it also doesn't have nucleolus. They always go together since the nucleolus is sub-part of nucleus.


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She was bareheaded, as if she were staying in the house—a fact which
  conveyed perplexity to the son of its master, conscious of that
  immunity from visitors which had for some time been rendered necessary
  by the latter's ill-health.

Who does latter refer to?
Also, who needs immunity here? master or visitors?


texts: Help me make this sentence less awkward?

texts:
I'm writing an essay and trying to determine an apt topic sentence for one of my paragraphs. However, it sounds awful and awkward:

"Through their diction, the authors further exemplify the importance of considering what objects represent instead of how they look. "

Earlier in the essay I referred to this point as:

"...the two authors create a platform from which to assert the importance of internal, instead of monetary, worth" and

"...both offer a glimpse into the lives of two lower-class families, urge against an obsession with monetary value, and demonstrate the importance of family." (thesis)

I thought those sounded better, but I want to change the phrasing so it doesn't look like the paragraph's topic sentence is copied and pasted from earlier.
I don't know if its a stretch posting here, but I'd appreciate some help :)


texts: What do you call metal stuffs embedded onto clothing? It can be gold, silver or even plastic or other non-metal. What do you call these things embedded into clothing?


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Is there anything wrong with the following sentence?
Is the metaphor "envelop you" used correctly?

May good health envelop you, spurring a quick recovery.

I'd appreciate your help.


texts: I want to know the exact meaning of since in terms of versions.I am in a bit confusing whether since 5.0 means from version 5.0 or up to version 5.0?


texts: Using "Contain" vs. "Include" vs. "Consist of" appropriately

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I am looking for the differences between contain, include, and consist of; I am interested in precise use of each word in an appropriate context.
Aside from their general meaning which implies something exists inside something else, can anybody please conceptualize the differences between these verbs and sketch a guideline how to chose a proper verb according to different contexts?
To be more precise, when I am saying:

A contains B and C.

A includes B and C.

A consists of B and C.

How we can compare the meaning of the above sentences?
The one here I found was not very comprehensive.


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It seems that some flowers are on the tree and we can see them obviously but some other flowers are in the tree if they have hidden themselves somewhere under the leaves and branches.

This is what I guess.

Do we say "the flowers are on the tree" or "the flowers are in the tree"?

This stackexchange link says "the birds live in the tree, because they are all throughout the tree, not just on the surface of it.".

Why don't we apply that kind of expression to some flowers "in the tree"?

It is difficult to see them because they are surrounded by leaves and branches?


texts: “Who I really am” VS. “who I am really”?

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If I said

Do you know who I really am?

Could we move “really” after am to go like:

Do you know who I am really?

Is the inversion happened in the second sentence acceptable?


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a. The betrayals while he was the head of the organization were few.

Does this mean

The betrayals that took place while he was the head of the organization were few.
?

============================

b. The betrayals, while he was the head of the organization, were few.

Can't this mean both:

While he was the head of the organization, the betrayals were few.

and

The betrayals, which took place while he was the head of the organization, were few.
?

In (3) all the betrayals we are talking about took place while he was the head of the organisation.

My feeling is that (a) is totally unambiguous, but that (b) is ambiguous.

Many thanks.


texts: What's the meaning of this expression? to see someone to bed

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Here is a sentence and it has the expression 'to see someone to bed'

Last night her bodyguard saw her to bed.

These are my guess.

(1) He took her to bed to make her good sleep.

(2) He just saw her sleep in the bed.

(3) He was watching when she went to bed

Could anyone give me some explanation for this expression?

Thanks!