texts:
Is this sentence correct? Is it possible to use present subjunctive?

You won't learn English unless it (should) be important for you.

I have come across this one as well.

The native protein is glycosylated and runs with an apparent molecular mass of kDa on SDS-PAGE, but the sugar mass is not believed to contribute to the target size unless it should be important for transport activity which seems unlikely as the N-glycosylation has no impact on the transport activity of GLAST.


texts: "Not only… but also" at the beginning of a sentence

texts:
Do we always have to use inversion when we start a sentence with "not only… but also"? For example:

Is it correct to write/say:

  Not only they were tall, but also they were strong.

Or

  Not only were they tall, but they were also strong.

Which one is correct?


texts: One of my favorite movie / one of my favorite movies

texts:
Please tell me which is the correct phrase below:

  One of my favorite movies

or

  One of my favorite movie


texts: Difficulty in application of "could have been" and "would have been"

texts:
Which of the following sentences makes more sense or is correct?

Jack would have been here, but he had another place to go.
Jack could have been here, but he had another place to go.

To me, both of them seems correct, which leads me to another question:-

Is there a clear distinction of the usage of "could have been" and "would have been". If there is then, kindly help or post a link to relevant article, please.


texts: could you please help me with this sentence? some special phrases to me

texts:
Such explanations, however, are more likely to underlie the
  non-clinical end of the phobic spectrum than they are to underlie
  phobias satisfying the criteria set out above.

In particular, I am wondering what the following means and what is meant by criteria.

  end of the phobic spectrum
  phobias satisfying
  criteria

link to source

UPDATED:
 So, is the conclusion correct?
 At the end of this spectrum is clinical treatment and at the other end is non-clinical


texts: Shouldn't the word "confection" here be plural?

texts:
Came across a sentence here:

  Unlike most blockbuster confection, the success of Bond depends on relevancy

If I am not mistaken, confection is a count noun. Shouldn't it be "unlike most blockbuster confections"?

On a different note, I also find the use of "relevancy" strange, where a simple "relevance" would do.


texts: What does mean "I want some of what you're having" here?

texts:
"And if that's not the most hardcore thing you've ever heard, then I want some of what you're having."

I know what two sentences mean. But l can't understand what the relationship between two sentences is.

So could please explain it to me?

The fuller text is here:

And thus, his hope would also be his undoing. The Communists captured
Pilecki in 1947, and they didn’t go easy on him. He was tortured for almost a
year, so harshly and consistently that he told his wife that “Auschwitz was
just a trifle” by comparison.
Still, he never cooperated with his interrogators.
Eventually, realizing they could get no information from him, the
Communists decided to make an example of him. In 1948, they held a show
trial and charged Pilecki with everything from falsifying documents and
violating curfew to engaging in espionage and treason. A month later, he was
found guilty and sentenced to death. On the final day of the trial, Pilecki was
allowed to speak. He stated that his allegiance had always been to Poland and
its people, that he had never harmed or betrayed any Polish citizen, and that
he regretted nothing. He concluded his statement with “I have tried to live my
life such that in the hour of my death I would feel joy rather than fear.”
And if that’s not the most hardcore thing you’ve ever heard, then I want
some of what you’re having.


texts: Verbs for the word achievements e.g other achievements he ... are (fill ... in)

texts:
Does this make sense?

  Other achievements he attained...

Or is it "obtained"?

Thank you everyone! This is my first time using this website and you have been very helpful.


texts: Adjective for tax to use in "from a tax standpoint"

texts:
Is there any adjective for tax one could use in the phrase "from a tax standpoint"?

In French I would say "from a fiscal standpoint" but I don't see the expression in the Google Ngram Viewer and looking at https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/fiscal, "fiscal" seems to typically means "relating to government finance/revenues". This makes me wonder whether the meaning of "fiscal" has shifted between its meaning in French (where it clearly means tax-related) and its meaning in English.

Example where I'd like to use of "from a tax standpoint": How do some companies allow some of/all their employees to work remotely from a tax standpoint?


texts:
Is the following sentence grammatically correct?

I had forgotten that John is in New York now.

(I'm confused because the first part is in the past perfect tense and the second in simple present tense. Is it grammatically acceptable to construct a sentence like this?)

I could rephrase it as follows:

I had forgotten that John was in New York.

(But this does not clearly convey the idea that John is still in New York!)

Please explain.
Thank you.


texts: Are these sentences grammatically correct and sound natural?

texts:
I am not frightened for myself.
I am not scared for myself.
I am not afraid for myself.

I would use them in this contextus:

I am not frightened because of me, I am scared that my grandparents get infected and they will die due to the virus.

Can I use these three sentences replacing the first one?
I am not frightened because of me = I am not frightened for myself. = I am not scared for myself = I am not afraid for myself.
Is it correct grammatically and sound natural? Or is it totally wrong?

(Feel free to correct my any sentences, because a want to learn a lot from my mistakes)


texts: a software -- can "software" be used as a count noun?

texts:
Example:

  Some people like to do this using a dedicated diagramming software, like Microsoft Visio.

A friend of mine, who is a native English speaker, says that this sentence doesn't sound weird to him at all. But isn't it true that the word software is inherently a mass noun, so no articles are possbile or is he right that software can be used as a count noun to mean something like program and application? I actually have never seen software used as a count noun like that. I always thought that this word was a mass noun and could not be anything else. What do you guys think?


texts: "Could not be reached" or "could not have been reached"

texts:
What is the difference between the emboldened parts below:

  We all love and respect Dadlani and he is a great friend. We will
  speak to him about his decision. As for his statement on the religious
  leader, I do not think if a religious preacher, who gives a good
  message to society speaks at a certain forum, there is anything wrong
  about it. Dadlani...

  ...could not be reached for comment.
  ...could not have been reached for comment.

What is the difference between

a) Could not be reached for comment.

b) Could not have been reached for comment.


texts: "Do you have more classes" Vs. "Do you have another classes"

texts:
Which of these three choices is considered more natural in the following context?

My friend is a student in a different college, and he wrote me that he has class now. Then I want to ask him if he's done with the classes for today after this class, but I wanted to use one of the following choices and I'm not sure which one is more natural for this purpose.

  1) "Do you have more classes today?"

  2) "Do you have another classes today?"

  3) "Do you have other classes today?"


texts: How can I tell the difference between "an hour" meaning "per hour" versus "in one hour's time"?

texts:
The "an" can be used as a preposition with the meaning of "per": My rate is $10 an hour.

Also it can be a used as a determiner: I will be ready in an hour.

How can I tell these 2 apart?


texts:
I want to write a company introduction page (or About page) in my website, and start the sentence like the following:

  SelfCompany is a company that makes your life better by XXXing...

  SelfCompany is the company that makes your life better by XXXing...

However, between the two sentences above, I don't get which article to use.

I know that in general, you use a to talk about what a listener doesn't know yet, or an object that is not stated yet. (BTW is a listener correct here or is the listener or listeners better?)

However, I'm sure that my users already know it is my company to talk about, and he or she wants to know what kind of a company it is.

So which article is the best? Are both correct or is only the one correct?


texts: difference of meaning between "glad you liked" and "glad you like it"

texts:
Imagine my closest friend received a present I had sent to him by the post, he then thanked me by email and now I am writing an answer to him.

Shall I write

  Glad you liked it

or

  Glad you like it

I think the first one is better.But if I write liked, it is past tense, so for me it means that now my friend  does not like the present.

Is the use of the past only justified  because the receiving belongs now to  the past?


texts:
"Code refactoring" is an expression widely used in programming communities and is used to describe the work of changing or rewriting the program code without changing the code results.

What is the root word of "Refactoring"? Does it come from the word "factor", like "doing the factor" again or "factory", like "refabricating"?


texts: Nearly close to go out of business vs. to going out of business

texts:
What is the difference between these two:

  Suzuki was nearly close to go out of business just after the World War period.

Vs.

  Suzuki was nearly close to going out of business just after the World War period.(from a video)

When talking about the past, do these two sentences different from each other? Like, if you use verbing(going) with infinitive(to) in the past, does it mean that there is another event happening? Or none.


texts: "but that so far most of the benefits ..." problem in reading

texts:
I think I somehow misread this sentence precisely.

This text is from the book "The Creation of Patriarchy" By Gerda Lerner:

  I began with the conviction, shared by most feminist thinkers,
  that patriarchy as a system is historical: it has a beginning in history. If that is so, it can be ended by historical process. If patriarchy
  were "natural," that is, based on biological determinism, then to
  change it would mean to change nature. One might argue that
  changing nature is precisely what civilization has done, but that so
  far most of the benefits of that domination over nature which men
  call "progress" has accrued to the male of the species. Why and how
  this happened are historical questions, regardless of how one explains the causes of female subordination. My own hypothesis on
  the causes and origins of women's subordination will be more fully
  discussed in Chapters One and Two.

Does "so far" means "up to this time?" here?
What is the meaning and the grammatical role of "that" here? Is it Conjunction? or pronoun?


texts:
I worked very hard. So I thought I could take the afternoon away simply because I deserved the break.

What is the exact meaning of 'take away' related to the context that the sentence might be in? (I can easily guess the meaning of the whole sentences but still curious about the exact meaning.)


texts: Is there a term that's used to refer to an idea that opens the door to whole new ideas?

texts: I can think of "revolutionary theories" such as "quantum physics", but a theory is too specific and I want to be more general. However, if I use the phrase "revolutionary idea", it's too general, and doesn't mean idea that opens the door to whole new ideas. Is there any such word or phrase?


texts: How can I relate an example to the sentence introducing the example

texts:
The introducing sentence is:

  As an example of the heuristics that are implemented in the algorithm to update a context variable,

The example is:

  the main division surrounding an element is used as the value of the curblock variable.

I don't know how can I relate them to each other through one or two sentences.

Update: I think of this solution:

  The way we update the current block is an example of the heuristics that are implemented in the algorithm. To do so, we use the main division surrounding an element as the value of the current block.


texts:
I read a sentence in The Hindu which was:

  Still, with military tensions with Pakistan on the boil, and little fiscal leeway to tease back momentum through increased spending,.....

What does "tease back" mean here?


texts: "If they came" versus "If they were coming" versus "If they would come"

texts:
I was wondering if there is a big difference in the meaning of these three questions?

You asked me if they came or not?

You asked me if they were coming or not?

You asked me if they would come or not?

I think there is no big difference between them, and the questioner just wants to know if a group of people are going to visit. But am I right?


texts:
The online dictionary freeonlinedictionary defines a credential as a letter or certificate giving evidence of the bearer's identity or competence. I am going to make up an example with it.

  (ex) John has been unemployed for four months. Ten months ago, he earned a Bachelor's degree by completing an accounting program. Half a year later, he finished a computer program and received an advanced technology certificates. However, his two recent credentials don't help them find a new job easily.

Am I using the word credentials correctly? Please give me your feedback. Thanks.


texts: Is "but" an appropriate conjunction in the sentence "This can be graphed using anything, **but** I choose to graph it using Python"?

texts:
This post says

  This can be graphed using anything, but I choose to graph it using Python.

OXFORD gives this meaning

  Used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned.

and example sentence

  ‘he stumbled but didn't fall’

There is no contrasting in that post, is "but" an appropriate conjunction in this sentence?


texts:
I was listening to a TED video and I heard that the speaker started his sentence with the phrase "In an effort to".

  In an effort to create a culture within my classroom where students feel safe sharing the intimacies of their own silences, I have four core principles posted on the board that sits in the front of my class, which every student signs at the beginning of the year: read critically, write consciously, speak clearly, tell your truth.

I would like to understand how to use the phrase "In an effort to".  What do we call this kind of phrase? Is this a noun? I want to use this in my writing.


texts: Confusion about the words "ratios" & "present" & "high" in this context

texts:
Could you paraphrase the highlighted words "ratios" & "present" & "high" regarding this short passage, please?

  The origins of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act began in 1987 when the U.S. Congress addressed the problems regarding health care quality for the elderly. With increasing numbers of elderly entering nursing homes, great concern arose over the substandard care being provided, high nursing-to-patient ratios, and unhealthy conditions  present. Requirements were set for those facilities participating in Medicare/Medicaid programs and addressed enforcement mechanisms.


texts:
As far as I know, here's the main difference between used to and would: used to can be used with both dynamic and stative verbs, whereas would can only be used with dynamic (action) verbs. It's a sentence I saw in a textbook:

  He would always know the answers.

Is it OK to use know, which is a stative verb, with would?


texts: Is it correct to say "high level point of view"?

texts:
The sentence: "We will look at it from a high level point of view (or perspective)."

Or is it better to just say: "We will look at it from a high level."

Or is there a better way to put it. I'm referring to a discussion on a specific topic that is soon to happen.


texts:
Consider the following conversation

  A: How do you relieve your stress and anxiety?

  B: I would imagine there are two of me, one is at the moment, the other comes from 10 years later. The future I talks to current me, "I know you are facing those problems ..., because I've been through all of them. Let me tell you, none of them is a big deal, you just need some rest. Call Tom and Bob, hang out with them, have a drink. Tomorrow you'll find everything is better."

I googled it but the results include all kinds of version and I can't tell which one is correct.

Should I use "future me", "future I" or "future self" there?

Should I use "current me", "current I" or "current self" there?


texts: What does "immediately" mean in the following phrase?

texts:
A website where it is possible to send messages to users uses the following message as confirmation that the message has been correctly sent:

  The user will see the message immediately.

The message is shown in a list of messages visible in a specific page
Users are not alerted of messages sent them
The message is always the same, whenever the users getting the message are using the website, or not

I would understand immediately as without delay, but in this case it is not necessarily true as:

If the users are not using the website, they cannot immediately see the message
If the users are using the website, they could not be watching the right page, and read the new messages

What does immediately mean, in this case?
What is the difference between the used message, and "the message has been sent"?


texts:
In the sentences:

He tries going to the city
He tries to go to the city

Are there differences in meaning? If no, why not?


texts: Which one is correct and natural: "hammer a nail here" or "hammer a nail into here"?

texts:
Which one is correct and natural: hammer a nail here or hammer a nail into here? For example:

  We need to hammer a nail here so that we can hang a picture.

  We need to hammer a nail into here so that we can hang a picture.

If neither is fine, would it more natural to say the following?

  We need to hammer a nail into this spot so that we can hang a picture.


texts: Articles with the days of the week: "Is it a Monday today?"

texts:
Is it possible to come up with a context for this sentence. "Is it a Monday today?"

I know it is usually "Is it Monday today?" but I also know that articles can be used with the days of the week. So, is that sentence possible and in what situation?


texts: Prepositions: to stay in or at a place during/on/for/in a holiday

texts:
I don't really know if there is a difference in the meaning of the sentences below. For me as a not native speaker it kind of expresses the same idea.
Or maybe not?

  I stayed at/in a hotel for/during/on/in my last holiday.(Here any preposition sounds correct to me)

  I stayed in/at a camper... (Here "at" sounds wrong to me)

Thanks a lot :)

NGram:

https://books.google.com/ngrams/interactive_chart?content=in+my+holiday%2Cduring+my+holiday%2Con+my+holiday%2Cfor+my+holiday%2C+whilst+my+holiday&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cin%20my%20holiday%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cduring%20my%20holiday%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Con%20my%20holiday%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cfor%20my%20holiday%3B%2Cc


texts:
What is the difference in meaning between two sentences?

1 ) Voltage plays a similar role on the electric system ensuring the stability of power flows.

2 ) Voltage plays a similar role on the electric system in ensuring the stability of power flows.

Does 1) sentence mean "Voltage plays a similar role on the electric system and the electirc system is ensuring the stability of power flows.(Voltage plays a similar role on the electric system that is ensuring the stability of power flows.) ?

Does 2) sentence mean "Voltage plays a similar role on the electric system, because Voltage is ensuring the stability of power flows.(Voltage plays a similar role on the electric system in that voltage is ensuring the stability of power flows.) ?


texts:
Do we say "candy juice" to mean the sticky liquid that comes from a candy?
Or maybe, "candy syrup".
Someone told me "candy residue".


texts: Do I have to put "that is" in this sentence?

texts:
A watch not worth a penny was being sold there.

In this sentence, do I have to, must and should put "that is" like this?

  A watch that is not worth a penny was being sold there.

Please help!


texts:
cambridge gives this explanation of time

When we talk about specific clock times or calendar time, time is countable. We do not say hour

based on this, is it reasonable to as follow?

there are 2 times available for this meeting, 2019.11.01 and 2019.11.02.


texts:
The Longman dictionary states that binge can be used as a noun and as a verb, but not as an adjective or adverb. And so, expressions like:

  A drinking binge.

  An eating binge.

  A buying binge.

where binge is used as a noun, are easy to understand. However, I have recently noticed that the word binge can precede a verb or a noun:

  She's been binge drinking since her husband died.

  Stress might lead to binge-smoking.

The way I understand it is that when followed by a verb, binge is similar to excessively; And when followed by a noun, it becomes similar to excessive [for a short time, that is]. If I'm wrong with my understanding, then what justifies binge preceding a noun or a verb? Also, what is the difference, if any, between the following two sentences?

  Stress might lead to binge-smoking.

  Stress might lead to a smoking binge (or to smoking binges).

And the following two as well:

  She tends to binge on smoking when she is upset.

  She tends to binge smoke when she is upset.


texts: Is it by or from in "I love to wear shoes by Nike."

texts:
I love to wear shoes by Nike.

Instead of “by Nike” am I able to say “from Nike”?
If so, which one works better?


texts:
We will make a purchase with a payment term of 90 days.

It confused me how should I ask question to get this answer. Would it be correct if say sentence below ?

  With how many days of payment term will you make purchase ?


texts: Is that any expression in English for "not too sweet tea"?

texts:
Is that any expression in English for not too sweet tea?

Here, we normally say it is as sweet as guava, which means the taste of tea is just half sweet, because the amount of sugar is reduced.


texts:
Write plural of the following words.
  Write plural to the following words.

Which one is the correct answer, and why?


texts: How to explain the process of deriving a mathematical expression?

texts:
We obtain a formula after some mathematical manipulations as: y=5+log(sin(a)).

Now I want to explain how we can obtain another formula based on what we already derived. Compare:

  It only requires a to be substituted by a+b.

  We only need to set a to a+b.

I think the first sentence is focused on replacement; It says we can reach to a certain formula through replacing something with something else. (I prefer this sentence)

However, the second sentence implying a variable that can take multiple values and we set the variable to the of interest value, a+b. (I don't prefer this sentence)

Questions:

Q1: Is it correct to use passive form of the infinitive as what I've used in #1?

Q2: Is there any situation in which we must choose only one of them?

Q3: How can I explain such processes correctly? (Are there better sentences?)

Thanks.


texts: Which of the following sentence is correct ?(use of definitive article related)

texts:
What is the name of game in screenshot?
What is name of the game in screenshot?
What is the name of the game in screenshot?
What is name of game in screenshot?

Which of the above mentioned sentence is correct or more preferable? Please explain. I get confused sometimes of the use of 'the' in this kind of context.


texts:
I came across a sentence:

  'The doctor came downstairs and went out to Linda,'

and I was confused by the use of the expression 'go out to' in such kind of way. So far as I know, the expression 'go out to' has two meanings: to be defeated, or to be sympathetic to someone. But the sentence I mentioned used 'go out to' in a different way. Could the expression 'go out to' mean 'reach someone's or literally 'go to someone'?


texts:
Some people say that you can't use that phrase when the listener is in real bad situations, such as having their arm broken, car accidents or something like those, because the phrase could feel like "Hey that's nothing, just shrug it off and stop being childish".

But I've seen some scenes in many media where people use it even to the ones whose family member has passed away. How should I use "Cheer up" correctly?


texts:
What part of speech is "home" in the sentence:

  I enjoyed being at home

My teacher says: "That is an adverb".  It looks like a nonsense but just in case.

The question was raised due to the determination whether we use an article or not.


texts:
I read a sentence:

  This quick start gets you up to speed quickly with regular expressions.
  Regular Expressions Quick Start

which briefly means that

  This quick start helps you to speed quickly with regular expressions.

Nevertheless, the precise meaning of 'get up' is obscure for me to understand.

It's a metaphor?
Given a scene,I fell asleep without any knowledge of regular expression, then the quick start wakes me up quicker than normal speed?


texts: Idiomatic way of expressing no where mentioned

texts:
Are there any idiomatic ways of expressing no where mentioned in a sentence.
Sentence:

The paragraph so quoted was no where mentioned in the actual text


texts: What's the meaning of "farmer by trade"?

texts:
In the National Geographic Society's Answer Book: Fast Facts about Our World (2010), edited by Kathryn Thornton, I found this line, but didn't understand the meaning of farmer by trade:

  "Wilson A. "Snowflake" Bentley was a farmer by trade, but  from the snowy landscape of Vermont he drew inspiration for another calling: documenting the intricate and apparently nonrepretitive designs of snowflakes."


texts:
"Button up your shirt"

What is the antonym of button up?

Is it button down?

Before taking off a shirt. We need to button ___.


texts:
Consider this sentence

  I have a friend that works as an architect.

I am aware that this is a relative clause. To analyze it, I guess I could say

  "that" denotes the "friend"

I could also say

  "that" represents the "friend"

or

  "that" refers to the "friend"

In this context, "represent", "refer to" are alternative words to "denote". Besides which, are there other words could be used that way? For example are "point to" and "link to" appropriate alternative words to "denote" in this case?


texts:
Contamination occurs when there is more nitrate in the soil than plants can absorb. Sources of the contamination, may include: soil containing nitrate-bearing minerals, fertilizers, raw animal wastes or sewage leachate from septic tanks, and surface water runoff. Excess nitrate is carried through the soil into groundwater suppliers by rainwater and irrigation.
  Because of the use of fertilizer and presence of animal wastes, agricultural areas where heavy farming is performed, tend to have more nitrate-contaminated water supplies than other areas. Because of these factors, well waters containing Nitrogen Nitrate should be checked periodically by local or state health authorities.

What does "heavy farming" mean in the above passage?
Does it mean literally 'excessive farming' where people do farming regardless of soil recovery?
Or, does it mean 'farming using heavy equipment' to increase the total farm output? I found an example where ,I guess, heavy farming meaning farming using heavy equipment is used, that is, 'heavy farming baling hay'. Am I right??


texts: Uptalk with question words such as "What", "Where", and "How"

texts:
In casual spoken English, is it okay to speak English like sentences in bold below?

  01

  A: Where you are going?

  B: To the movies.

  02

  A: What you talked about with your friends yesterday?

  B: We talked about the trip.

  03

  A: How you write code?

  B: It's complicated.

  04

  A: When you are going to come to my home?

  B: On Sunday afternoon.

  05

  A: Why you chose this one?

  B: It matches my need.


texts:
I am not too sure about the verb "withhold" here:

  Generally, there is no fasting requirement prior to a CT scan, unless a contrast dye is to be used. Your doctor will give you special instructions ahead of time if contrast is to be used and if you will need to withhold food and drink.

I already checked dictionaries and found the definitions for "withhold" don't fit the the example usage.
Would replacing "you will need to withhold food and drink" with "you will need to withhold food and drink from yourself" be better?


texts: What's the difference between "of" and "out of"?

texts:
What's the difference between the two?

  She crafted the bookcase out of solid pine wood and then painted it.
  She crafted the bookcase of solid pine wood and then painted it.


texts: Is 'we saw that when S+V, at the same time that S+V' grammatically correct?

texts:
We saw that when Chinese warships turned up off the coast of Alaska,
  within U.S. territorial waters, at the same time that President Obama
  was on the ground here.

quoted from CNN student news that can be found here.

The syntax of the sentence above is:
  we saw that when S+V, at the same time that S+V.

Is this grammatically corect?
I thought it should be rather something like 'we saw that when S+V, at the same time, S+V',

Thank you in advance!


texts: "a representor should be in no worse position than if the representation had become a term of the contract"?

texts:
As I didn't understand Longmore LJ's quotation below, I consulted another textbook that paraphrased it. Can you please show the steps for re-writing Longmore LJ's quotation into O'Sullivan's? Viz. how can you transmogrify

a representor should be in no worse position than if the representation had become a term of the contract

into

the misrepresentation regime should not
give greater protection to a purchaser than if the statement had been incorporated as a
term of the contract

?
Context

      In many situations, rescission will not be an available remedy after the lapse of a long period
of time because it will be impossible to put the parties back into their original positions,
but this was not an obstacle to rescission in Leaf. It is suggested that the Court of Appeal in
Leaf was overly influenced by the fact that rescission would have been hard on the defendant.
In principle, rescission ought to have been possible. Indeed, in Salt v Stratstone Specialist
Ltd,69 the Court of Appeal doubted whether Leaf could still be good law. Longmore LJ said:70

It must, moreover, be remembered that Leaf was decided well before the Misrepresentation Act
was passed. It must be doubtful whether since the enactment of section 1 it is still good law that
a representor should be in no worse position than if the representation had become a term of
the contract, particularly if the representor takes no steps to prove that he was not negligent.
In all the circumstances, it does not seem to me that lapse of time on its own can be a bar to
rescission in this case.

69 [2015] EWCA Civ 745; see Chapter 16.4.4.1.
70 Salt v Stratstone Specialist Ltd, [34]–[35]. See too at [42]–[50] (Roth J).

JC Smith's The Law of Contract 2021 3 ed, p 422.

9.42 [. . .] Recently
the Court of Appeal in Salt v Stratstone Specialist Ltd (2015) has pointed out that Leaf
is out of date—it reflected the principle that the misrepresentation regime should not
give greater protection to a purchaser than if the statement had been incorporated as a
term of the contract, and at the time the Sale of Goods Act provided that a purchaser
would be deemed to have accepted the goods if he did not reject them within a reasonable
time.

Janet O'Sullivan, Law of Contract (2020 9 ed), p 242.


texts:
Currently reading this article, there is a line,

Yet there was a common thread: making sure the virus had been suppressed to a level low enough that containment was theoretically possible once business as usual resumed. This meant different things in, say, Germany and Denmark, but the goal was the same.

Does the word "thread" here mean the definition given by Merriam Webster's

:  a tenuous or feeble support that offers no real security :  an extremely uncertain and problematical turn of events

"a life hanging by a thread"

or

obsolete :  kind, quality, nature

or a literally a thread which turned to mean a "thing" like?

Thread

Thank you for your support in advance.


texts: I don't understand the grammar of this sentence

texts:
I don't understand the grammar of the following sentence. (The part in bold)

Note that it doesn't matter how the hello method becomes attached to the object in this form. Remember that we previously defined hello as a standalone function. Let's see what happens if we attach is to the object dynamically:
Source: https://yehudakatz.com/2011/08/11/understanding-javascript-function-invocation-and-this/, Member Functions section.

What I thought should be correct is this version:

Let's see what happens if we attach the object dynamically.

So could anyone clarify why my version is incorrect and/or why that version is correct?


texts: mixing tenses in a sentence with "while"

texts:
The following is an excerpt from the Washington Post article, titled "When did the world turn against Justin Timberlake and embrace Britney Spears?":

  They had a bad break-up three years later. While no one really knows what really happened, the tabloids had a pretty good idea. As Buzzfeed points out, magazines like Us Weekly were clearly Team Timberlake, intimating that Spears cheated on him. And Timberlake implied as much with a Spears doppelganger in his famous “Cry Me a River” video.

  (source)

I am having trouble understanding why the author wrote: "knows" instead of "knew". On a paragraph level, the main tense is set in the past mood; on a sentence level, it is supposed to be "knew" because what the writer meant was that people did not know when the tabloids had a good idea.

Later in the article, the writer wrote:

  "In true Taylor Swiftian coy style, he’ll never confirm it’s about Spears. But everyone knows it’s Spears, and he’s referred to her in many interviews."

So there's no reasoning that the writer used "knows" because people still don't know.

I recently have been bothered by the mixing of tenses, especially on a sentence level. Can anyone please explain?


texts:
1) After we go for a run, I would like some tea.

  2) After we go for a run, I  like some tea

What is the difference between the meanings of these two sentences?


texts: What does clogging mean in this sentence?

texts:
I am buying a moisturizer cream for the pores on my face. I saw the below description for the product:

  Moisturizes, nourishes, removes wrinkles, renews and protects your face without clogging your pores.

Doesn't it help for my pores?

I saw the meaning of clogging in Google but am unable to construct the sentence.

If it doesn't help to cover my pores then I am not willing to buy it.


texts:
Aston Martin’s IPO will provide further clues to which category ultra-expensive carmakers really belong.

    Context: The Economist

Grammatically, you need to have "clues to which..." and "to which ... belong ". So is "to" double duty here？

（My guess is that "clues to to which" is redundant, so the writer left out one "to"）


texts: What's the difference between "insight of something" and "insight into something"?

texts: I use the phrase insight of for the sentence "It gives me an insight of what college life should like." but Grammarly change it into "an insight into". Under which content we use them?


texts:
There are times and seasons even yet when I don't feel that I've made
  any great headway in learning to like Josie Pye!

  –– L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables

English Grammar (Angela Downing, p.45) and CGEL (p.243) say that there is a syntactic-subject. If it should be a subject, it needs to be a noun, and I guess that’s why wiktionary.org categorizes there as a pronoun unlike OALD and Webster’s.

I’m familiar with interpreting there as an adverb, and so I’m wondering how do they interpret it, when they regard it as a subject. I don’t know how to say exactly, but how do you read the there, if you regard it as a pronoun not an adverb?


texts:
unfold [transitive, intransitive] unfold (something) to spread open or flat
  something that has previously been folded; to become open and flat

  to unfold a map

  She unfolded her arms.

Say you have just bought a phone that was packed into a box. You then try to make the box spread open as the below picture:

Now, My little child asked me "what is it"?

I answered "it is an unfolded box"

is it ok to say "it is an unfolded box"?


texts: How to understand the preposition "with"? What does the phrase "with young people" modify?

texts:
A new TV series in England, Away from it all, has surprised everyone
  by becoming a huge success with young people across the country.


texts: 'Don't Blame It On I' vs. "Don't blame it on me"

texts:
There is a song called "Don't Blame It On I" by The Congos.
Is there any wordplay associated with this phrase? Usually, we say "Don't you blame it on me".


texts: Difference between "to ignore sth." and "to live up to sth."

texts:
I've got a question referring to the following sentences:

If you do not do as you are told, you do not live up to your teachers' or parents' orders.

and

If you do not do as you are told, you ignore your teachers' or parents' orders.

Is there a real difference in the meaning of both sentences from the perspective of a native speaker?
Is sentence 1) definitely wrong from the perspective of a native speaker?
Thanks for your help!
Best regards,
Thomas


texts: I [hadn't wanted]/[didn't want] to marry

texts:
CONTEXT:
John didn't want to marry his English teacher, Cindy, but now that she's done a lot of good things for him, he has changed his mind. He meets his friend, Bob, and says one of the sentences below to him.
SENTENCES:

I hadn't wanted to marry my English teacher, but she's done so much good for me!

I didn't want to marry my English teacher, but she's done so much good for me!

QUESTION:
Which of the above sentences should be used in the context given? I'm wondering about the tenses in bold.


texts:
If water doesn't come out through the electric water pump, that is, if it dosen't take up water and it keeps running, air might enter it and it might stop working as well. What will be a natural way to describe that? I read "air entrainment", but I guess that it is rather formal. Is there any informal and natural way to describe that "air entering the pump"?

  Turn it off, or air will enter into it.

  Turn it off, or it'll take up air.


texts: Expressing similarity in different aspects

texts:
Is it right to express similarity like this?

  My brother and I look [alike] / [like each other] not only in appearance, but also in behaviors.

Is there a better way to express it?


texts: How do I order the phrases in this sentence?

texts:
Am getting confused on how to order the phrases in this sentence.

  This is the third debate on the topic for the day

or

  This is the third debate for the day on the topic

Edit: To quote another example, I have been having trouble deciding which of the following is correct

  Comments by XYZ underneath/in the comment section below

or

  Comments underneath/in the comment section below by XYZ

Also, generally speaking, how can improve my sense of phrase ordering? This is something I've been at pains to understand. No matter how much I try, I can't seem to get this right.

Thanks.


texts: Is "gone" in the title of a youtube video "AUDITIONS GONE WRONG Angry Contestants" correct?

texts:
Below is a title of a youtube video.

  AUDITIONS GONE WRONG Angry Contestants & More | Idols Global

The word I am suspicious about in the title is GONE.

I know there are many expressions like "something has gone wrong", which is correct.
But this is not in a passive form.
"GONE" in the title of the video seems to have a passive quality, so I wonder whether the title is correct. I think it should be modified into as below.

  AUDITIONS HAVING GONE WRONG Angry Contestants & More | Idols Global

Thank you very much.


texts: Using "I'm fine" when answering with a "thank you"

texts:
Imagine this dialog:

Do you want a tea?
No, thank you, I'm fine.

Is the use of "I'm fine" irrelevant here? If not, what does it mean?


texts:
Does "suck at judging our smarts" mean "are incompetent at judging our own intelligence"?

Why we’re in tune with our emotions – but suck at judging our smarts
“Know thyself” is a piece of wisdom handed down from the ancients – but a slew of delusions and biases means you might be better off asking someone else

Read more: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24833122-000-why-were-in-tune-with-our-emotions-but-suck-at-judging-our-smarts/#ixzz6iOvkRDlS


texts:
I've been wondering what is a more proper form to ask:

1) Will you go to the concert if it rains?

2) Will you go to the concert if it will rain?

As in would you still be willing to the concert if it rained?


texts:
Is there any difference of meaning between "to want to be" and "to want to become" when they express a change of "permanent" state , eg a profession or a personality trait? Is one of them more usual/informal?

Example of profession change:

  I want to be an actor.
  I want to become an actor.

Example of personality change:

  I want to be a good person.
  I want to become a good person.


texts: flexibility reduces .. or flexibility reduce.., which one is correct?

texts:
I would like to say that the flexibility of the model is reduced as the
dimension of the data increase.

  The flexibility of model A reduces as the dimension increases.

Is that correct or do I need to write it as follows:

  The flexibility of model A reduce as the dimension increase.

Could someone help me to understand which one is correct and why, please? As I learned, I need to have s with my verb.


texts: What is the difference between 'been home' and 'gone home'?

texts:
Is there any difference between the following sentences?

  He has not been home for a week.

  He has not gone home for a week.

Which sentence would best emphasize the fact that the subject has been at the office continuously without even going home (to sleep or wash or whatever).


texts:
I was trying to do a PET sample test, and I found the following sentence reconstruction exercise, they were easy; but there's a sentence that I couldn't complete, this is the sentence:

  "If you want to learn a musical instrument, you need to practise every day."

  "You can't learn a musical instrument ______________ you practise every day"

How can I fill it?


texts: "Wondering vaguely how many elves had now been set free whether they wanted to be or not" grammar

texts:
Wondering vaguely how many elves had now been set free whether they wanted to be or not, Harry uncorked his ink bottle, dipped his quill into it, then held it suspended an inch above the smooth yellowish surface of his parchment, thinking hard ... but after a minute or so he found himself staring into the empty grate, at a complete loss for what to say.

  Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

I don't quite understand the grammar of that part. I feel it should be: Wondering vaguely how many elves had now been set free and whether they wanted to be or not... But not sure if I got it right. How should we understand it?


texts: Most likely interpretation of parents' "anniversary"?

texts: When someone says it's their parents' anniversary, does "anniversary" by default mean wedding anniversary, or do English speakers by default consider "anniversary" vague, requiring clarification like marriage, first-date, etc?


texts: Why is it "He has appeared in several films" instead of "He appeared"?

texts:
I have seen this sentence in an English book.

  My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films.

I can't find out that why we use present perfect here. Can someone explain it, please?

I thought we should have written this sentence like this:

  He appeared in several films.


texts: How do I determine the size of set/class, while choosing an article?

texts:
Here is an example from a test on articles (1st, 2nd):

  I recommend you eat ___ apple pie at this restaurant.

The correct answer is the.

I deem that it is because they are considering the set of different meals, and in this set in that particular restaurant there is only one apple pie. In other words, in the menu of the restaurant you can find only one apple pie.

But on the other hand, I could consider a lot of "instances" of the same pie ever made in this restaurant, in which case, I suppose, I should have used the indefinite article.

My questions are

am I right about the reasons of using the apple pie?
how can I choose the set correctly? For example "Taking into account the plan of your apartment, you will definitely get a fast and strong WiFi connection provided that you buy ___ Google WiFi router". Is the set of companies producing wifi routers (google, mikrotik and so on...) considered here, in which case google wifi router is a single item on the list, or the set consisting of all instances / devices produced by all companies considered here, in which case I recommend buying one of these devices?


texts:
In the following sentence

  They constitute the requisite two-thirds of the 18-member Congress Legislature Party.

two thirds is used but can I use two third in the same sentence

They constitute the requisite two third of the.............


texts:
I, normally, use 'from what time' and 'how long' to ask someone (e.g. a seller) something like

from what time did you open the store, today?
How long is your shop is open today?

But I don't know if 'from what time' is usual or no. I think that 'since when' is sometimes used when I have a complaint and say for example

Since when did you have the right to get my father's book?

Tell me please if 'from what time' is a usual phrase to ask such things.


texts: Which one is correct–ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒɪz or ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒɪs?

texts:
To me, it is expected to get /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒɪz/ for languages in the phonemic transcription though the last consonant is completely voiceless in the pronunciation of the speakers here. You can check it by looking at the spectrogram.
So the question is, does it lead to the two possibilities–/ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒɪz/ and /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒɪs/?


texts: What is the grammar of 'him men' in the sentence?

texts:
Here lies one who knew how to get around him men who were cleverer than himself.

The above sentence is on Carnegie's tombstone, I could understand the meaning of the sentence, which means that here lies a man who knew how to get people who are better skilled than him to work with him. However, I'm not quite sure the grammar facts of 'get around him men'. Is 'men' the direct object of get around and 'him' is the indirect object?


texts: An idiom for "race to the bottom", but instead of bottom use a word like top?

texts:
There was a race to the top* for the best nuke between the U.S. and Russia.

It seems there's no right way to say it. The idiom "race to the bottom" exists and is widely used, but there's no equivalent for top and it just sounds weird and unidiomatic.
Is there any equivalent expression?


texts: What's the English phrase to describe men who are standing next to each other, facing in opposite direction),?

texts:
How would I describe this in English? I have been searching over the internet but it's so hard for me to just figure out what word best to describe it. Here's a picture to describe them :

I'll use to it to narrate a drama. Thanks


texts: 'It's better/worse as compared with (something)'

texts:
My student said the first sentence below, which is a construction I hear fairly often from students. I've searched the data base for an answer, but couldn't find anything similar to what my student found when checking my correction.
Student said: It's not high quality as compared with beef.
I suggested: It's not high quality, compared with beef. [Honestly, this seems a little strange too.]
He always checks my corrections. I asked him to let me know what he finds out when checking this particular correction. This is what he sent me.

"It's better/worse as compared with (something)" seems to be a typical
construction.

This doesn't seem quite right to me. What do you all think?


texts: Suppose my mobile phone has gone bad. So I gave it to a mechanic. So what will the mechanic do with the phone to "make it return to its original state"? What is this process called?


texts: What tense should I use when referring to someone's children when some are alive and others dead?

texts:
This is the scenario: John had six children; two died, four are alive.

(Important Point: John is still alive)

Now someone wants to know about John's progeny, so he'd ask:

  "How many children does John have?"

What is the answer to this question? Four or Six, because present tense refers to someone who is alive.

This is a doubt: In the case wherein the asker intends to know the total number of children, will he use present or past tense. As in:

  "How many children did John have?"

or

  "How many children does John have?"


texts:
Will: Two men have been found dead upstairs.
If will is on the 6th floor of an office building, while the two men have been found dead on the 8th and 9th floor respectively, could I use "upstairs" then or would it be taken to mean the 7th floor?
If "upstairs" doesn't work, what else would be natural to say? Would this work:
Will: Two men have been found dead on the floors above us.
?


texts: "Wouldn't have been necessary" or "would have been unnecessary?"

texts:
I've already made the decision to stick to "wouldn't have been necessary," but I wanted to double check. For a little more context, the full sentence is as follows:

  She filled the printer with paper, but if [this] had happened then it wouldn't have been necessary.


texts: Confused "Complements and adjuncts" in these sentences "Did I hear this correct?" & "Am I reading this right?"

texts:
Source

  Complements and adjuncts are different. A complement is necessary in
  order to complete the meaning. An adjunct is not necessary, and adds
  extra information.

  Compare He put the cake in the oven.

  Not: He put the cake.

  put must have a complement to say where something is put. Without the
  complement, the clause would not be complete.

  We usually go away in the spring.

  in the spring is an adjunct. It is not essential to complete the verb
  ‘go away’; it adds extra information.

Ok, "I cooked it raw", raw here is a complement that complete "it"

see we don't say ""I cooked it rawly""

How about, "Did I hear this correct?"? is correct a complement or an adjunct?

correct is an adjective & not an adverb

Can we say "Did I hear this correctly?" or Did I correctly hear this??

How about, "Am I reading this right?" is right a complement or an adjunct?

right are both an adjective & adverb.

Do we say "Am I reading this rightly?" or "Am I rightly reading this?"?


texts: Can we use present continuous tense and simple past in a sentence?

texts: Is this sentence grammatically correct? "I've been going to school offline as the classes started a week ago."


texts: Wondering what "establish facts on the ground" means in this piece of news

texts:
Kerry said he had been clear with Lavrov about the consequences “if Russia doesn’t find a way to change course.” This, Kerry explained, was not a threat but would be a “consequence” of choices Russia may or may not make.
He added that if Russia does establish facts on the ground that threaten the Ukrainian people, it “will beg an even greater cost”. Source: euronews – ‘US will not recognise the result of the referendum on Crimea’, says John Kerry

Can this be rewritten in simpler English?


texts:
I am trying to tell something.Let's say I have a friend, he is now in coma and I have never been trying  to figure out what he will want  me to do in the situation I am in but now I am thinking about that.
I formed a sentence like:

  I am thinking what he would have  wanted me to do first time while he is in coma

Is that sentence suitable ?


texts:
I'm really stuck on paraphrasing the sentences bellow using gerund.

  That she is so fussy is not a little unpleasant.
  What surprised everybody was that he was able to do it.

Here are some of my variants:

  It's not a little unpleasant of being her so fussy.
  Everybody was surprised by his managing to do it.

I'm not sure if it is correct or not.


texts: Present Perfect Continuous and Future Simple - quiz contemplation

texts:
I bumped into that quiz, and I'm quite confused by these two questions' answers. I would appreciate any clarifications.

  A) Jane talks on the phone.  Bob has been talking on the phone for an
  hour.  Mary is talking on the phone.  Who is not necessarily on the
  phone now?

  Answer: Jane

For my understanding, there is a chance that also Bob is not necessarily on the phone, due to the use of the Present Perfect Continuous.

One of the uses (source) of the tense is for Finished actions - Actions which have recently stopped (though the whole action can be unfinished) and have a result, which we can often see, hear, or feel, in the present. We don't use a time word here. Eg.
"I'm so tired, I've been studying."

Next question:

  B) I'm going to make dinner for Frank. I'm making dinner for Judy.
  I'll make dinner for Mary. I make dinner for Ted. I will be making
  dinner for Tony.

  Who are you offering to make dinner for?

  Answer: Mary

Is it absolutely wrong to say that I'm offering to make dinner to Frank? My friend told me that it sounds natural for him in the given context. I do get that the question is about the differences between "I will" and "Going to"


texts: Should I use a verb or a noun in this situation ("work" or "working")?

texts:
I just read a conversation between 2 guys, one person said:

  I guess we're back to working together huh?

Can I use this sentence by another way? Like:

  I guess we are back to work together"

Why should I use the noun "working" without the verb "work"?


texts: Can "the + noun" be a general reference?

texts:
I got very stuck one more time, and scouting the internet didn't work. I would be glad if you could break this confusion. Can "the + noun" be a general reference, not a limited set? I want to provide you with some examples of what I mean:

  "I like the cars he has. The cars he has are nice."

Besides its obvious meaning of talking about the cars he has now, can it be used even if the person has no any cars at the moment (due to some strange occasion), and I talk generally that I like any car he had, has, will have, because he doesn't choose bad ones.

  "How will you deal with the creatures you will meet there?"

About this sentence I was once told, that here it means, that I talk about real creatures that are really there, and the person will inevitably meet them. But again, can it mean that I talk about any creatures there, maybe there are no creatures there at all, but I use the definite article because somehow they are specific - those that you will meet there. And indeed, does saying "you will meet there" can only mean that inevitably I will meet them?
I think that it all depends on the particular interpretation by the listener. One could think about it like of a possible situation of meeting those creatures...
Please, help to understand. Thank you.


texts:
What is the meaning of the expression “do not spell out”?

It is from this context:

  you forgot your articles! Also we would not use these three in a formal letter. Use the symbol $ and do not spell out. Of the above, #2 and #6 (более вежливое) are the best. I would not use the first two versions that include both "I" and "my." Unless this is correct in BrE, I would not use #5, as it sounds too absolute.


texts:
I provide an example of a ritualized fighting behavior of the kind that traditional theorists assume is the norm for most species.

What does "of the kind" mean in this sentence? For me, the given sentence totally makes sense without "of the kind" so I am curious what it means and what role it plays in the sentence.


texts: resume: Present Perfect or Past Perfect?

texts:
I'm creating my resume, and I have to write about my education.

from 2007 until 2012 - I was a student (I'm not any more). Now I have to write that in sentence that has meaning.

1.  I had been studying economics from 2007 until 2012.

2.  I have been studying economics from 2007 until 2012.

Also, I want to stress this, that's why I'd like to use 'Continuous', but which one?


texts: Is this usage of past perfect continuous correct?

texts:
For years that negativity had been softening because of high oil prices and relatively high economic growth, but know it’s gone.

Is this sentence grammatically correct? Does the choice of past perfect continuous optimal?


texts: To which word does "all" belong? (in my case)

texts:
In the following sentence, to which word (rescuers or hope) does 'all' belong?

"Rescuers had abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors."

If it belongs to the rescuers, why doesn't it appear just after the word 'Rescuers'?

and if it belongs to 'hope', why isn't it 'hopes'?


texts: A clause for an undetermined area which can covers a line

texts:
I wrote:

  We don't suppose a fixed area to cover the top edge of a pallet car,
  because minor changes in the angle or the focal length of the monitoring camera, or minor differences in the positions of the pallet cars can cause disadjustment.

However I am told to write the paper from the perspective a third person. Then I changed it to:

  The area to cover the top edge of a pallet car is not supposed to be fixed, because minor changes in the angle or the focal length of the camera, or small differences in the positions of different pallet cars can cause readjustment

My first question is if they are equivalent. Also, for the first sentence I don't know which of the following is better:

The area to cover the top edge of a pallet car is not supposed to be fixed.
The area that can cover the top edge of a pallet car is not supposed to be fixed.
The area that covers the top edge of a pallet car is not supposed to be fixed.
The area for covering the top edge of a pallet car is not supposed to be fixed.

Do they all have the same meaning? which is more natural?
In fact we look for an area in the image, which covers the top edge of an object. it is not determined in the first place.

In the image of bellow suppose the filled box is the pallet car and the blue rectangle is the area to cover its top edge. In A this situation holds but it may not hold in B, if we suppose a fixed coordinates for the rectangle.


texts: What's the difference between 'It was starting to rain' and 'It started to rain'?

texts:
Momentary verbs such as "start", "finish", "marry", and "put up" are rarely used in "continuous tense". However, I found this example in a dictionary:

It was starting to rain.

What's the difference between "It was starting to rain" and "It started to rain"?
In what cases should "momentary verbs" be used to make sentences in present continuous or past continuous?


texts:
I saw this phrase in this article today. Specifically, here is the sentence;

  In the early hours of the military coup in July, I joined a line of Turks snaking out of my local deli and stuffed water bottles and beer cans in my pockets, preparing for the long night ahead.

Couldn't make out what it meant the first time I read it. I can infer that it means 'turning its' insides out' or just 'eating through something' from the context but I'm looking for a more in-depth meaning I guess and where else (typically) do you use this phrase?


texts:
What is the difference between:

come to work

come at work

Is it that I can come to my work? (not come at work).
And somebody can come at my/their work to do something. Is it a right explanation?


texts: "This bed can _____ a 500 kg load without bending", which word is correct?

texts:
I have a sentence:

  This bed can ____ a 500 kg load without bending

Which word should I use to fill the blank? I have thought of 2 words: possess and have but which one is correct?

Thank you for your answers!


texts: Conjunctions 'like' and 'as' after the verb 'look'

texts:
Is the use of 'like' correct in this sentence?
The horse looked like it was running.

Or here should be as (as if).


texts: Is making of 'right doing' into 'rightdoing' acceptable in a formal speech/writing?

texts:
I found this sentence on a news site -

  The Watchdog chases wrongdoing but also admires right doing.

This tickled my fancy! I know the noun wrongdoing but then why not rightdoing as a single word? If we make it a single word, it'll change from a verb phrase(?) (two words) to a single word noun!

My homework -

No dictionary lists the word 'rightdoing'. But...

I searched and found only one instance in COCA

  What could be more patronizing than the refusal to blame people for their wrongdoing and to praise them for their rightdoing, and to ground this refusal in our assumption that these people have not caused their own acts or had a hand in forming their own character.

Now the question -

  Is rightdoing an acceptable noun? Or it's used, as in first example, only as verb phrase ('right' followed by 'doing')?

Note: I'm not sure about calling that as a 'verb phrase' and would like to have it edited, if needed. Nevertheless, I'm concerned about using the word 'rightdoing' as a noun/single word.


texts:
He is not fond of sweets, like his brother.
He is not fond of sweets, unlike his brother.

My situation is:

His brother is fond of sweets but he is not.

To make this sense, which one from the pair of sentences at the top do I use? What would the other sentence of the pair mean anyway?

I think leaving out the comma in the first sentence has a different meaning from that with comma.

Edit

Does leaving out the comma in the first sentence mean anything different? If it does, what would be the meanings with and without the comma?


texts: Can we use a to-infinitive as a postmodifier after a supervisor?

texts:
He was working by himself without a supervisor to notify approaching
  train operators.

Can we use a to-infinitive as a postmodifier after supervisor?

and do it have ambiguity? i mean his job is to notify approaching train operators.


texts: Difference in usage of the below sentences

texts:
Can you explain which of the below sentences is grammatically correct and why?

  I watched you playing with them.
  I watched you play with them.

I have a grammar correction app which suggests the first format while some sentences I read in media go with the second format.


texts: It sounds like there is a "way" in "to **way** make sure that", what does that mean?

texts:
It sounds like the tutorial is saying (a video link with a time stamp)

  because we want to make sure that these
  don't flatten whatsoever while they're
  baking, otherwise they'll basically just
  be giant hamburger, but to way
  make sure that they get nice and tall

It sounds like there is a "way" in "to way make sure that", what does that mean?


texts:
My son's hair and I are long.

I decided to take him to barber shop.

"Where are we going?" he asked.

  "We going to have a hair cut."

  "We going to get a hair cut."

I said.

Do they sound natural? Before hair cut, we should use have or get?


texts:
These phrases follow the pattern Verb + 'ing' + Noun

Visiting my hometown.
Visiting Tokyo.
Doing my homework.

They are titles of things and don't have any other written context. I can provide some context from the places I saw them.

This is a title of a video of Pewdiepie.
10 things to know before visiting Tokyo.
Doing my homework is the thing I like.

What are the meanings of these sentences(or phrases)?


texts: What's the second d in "didn't", phonetically speaking?

texts:
Should we pronounce the second d in "didn't"?  What happens to the sound, phonetically speaking?

In British English it seems to merge with the n to produce something which isn't on the standard phonetic chart- as far as I can tell.


texts: was or were - what is the correct usage?

texts: The efficiency of the companies were evaluated based on operating profit per employee (weightage-60 percent), growth in operating profit (20 percent) and balance sheet size (20 percent).


texts: Which of the following sentence sounds more professional

texts:
Can you help me in choosing a sentence that is most professional in technology

The lamp went out.
The lamp died.
The lamp was not working.
The lamp was out of order.
The lamp burned out.

Thank you for you help


texts: "Being surrounded" or have been surrounded?

texts:
Here are some sentences with "Being surrounded":

  I love trees. Like many of us, being surrounded by trees makes me happy.

The source #1

  Rachel Boston Quotes
  "Being surrounded by love and people that care about your heart is the dream. That's what I would like on my last day."

The source #2

What I haven't understood is whether "being surrounded" is the example of "being+past participle" or being+adjective? If it's 'being+adjective, I have heard that "being+adjective" shows the reason for the the action of main clause, Is it true in above sentences? Next, does "being surrounded" refers to "have been surrounded by trees/people/love? And what's the work of "being" with "surrounded" in above sentences?


texts:
1)

  That gesture by him was so nice.

2)

  That gesture from him was so nice.

If not then which one is grammatically correct.


texts: How to write about this kind of situation?

texts:
I've tried hard for my physical test to be able to pass every items,   Unfortunately I had a bad performance and in conquence, very bad  results in my physical examinations,  now I have to say about my results to one of my teacher , and my English is not good enough too!  It's really hard for me to write about my terrible grade that I've get. You know, It's kind of embarrassing.

How should I write about it? What expression I can use to show my shame and embarrassed? Please help me!

Is this statement is grammatically true?

  To tell the truth, My grades is kind of embarrassing, I've tried really hard but I couldn't pass the practical exam. I'm really sorry!


texts: Usage of past tense in present/ regular activities

texts:
I saw this sentence yesterday and it's bugging me: she still exercised every day.
My question: What is the reason for using past tense in this sentence? Shouldn't it be in the present tense? Can someone explain the grammatical rule behind this?


texts: "some journalists are enemy of the relevant and enemy of the news you can use" meaning

texts:
On Sunday, top White House adviser Kellyanne Conway broke with Trump’s
  assertion that journalists are “the enemy of the people,” though she
  continued to defend her boss’ attacks on the press.

  “I think some journalists are enemy of the relevant and enemy of the
  news you can use,” Conway told CBS’ “Face The Nation.”

I don't quite understand the part in bold above.

Especially, why has the article "the" been removed from the phrases, "enemy of the relevant" and "enemy of the news", but "the" is included in "the enemy of the people"?
What is "you can use" modifying - "the enemy" or "news"?
What does "the relevant" mean?

The full source.


texts:
A person who was just learning to drive, by mistake climbed on the sidewalk a bit.  (The car gets inclined as the two tyres on one side climb the sidewalk.)

So what would be used:

  I climbed over the sidewalk.

  I climbed the sidewalk.

So should it be "climb" or "climb over"? If not, what is a better alternative?

Should it be "I got the wheels on the sidewalk by mistake"?


texts: What's the difference between "Her eyes were running" and "She was crying"?

texts:
What's the difference between:

Her eyes were running.

And

She was crying.


texts:
I am filling my address in the university's form.
One of the fields is "Type of adjustment which you can see in the following image. I have no idea about selecting either "In the future" or "Per direct".
Would you please help me with what are these and which of them should I choose?
"


texts: Is there any difference in meaning between "play on something" and "play off something" in the sense of using it get an advantage?

texts:
Could you tell me if there is  any difference in meaning between play on something and play off something in the sense of using it get an advantage? For example:

Don't let people play on/play off your emotions.
Some people may play on/play off the fact that you've made mistakes in the past to pass you over you promotion.


texts:
A clause usually has a subject and a verb. For example, in this sentence,

  "Joe loves baseball".

"Joe" is the subject, "loves" is the verb.

How about "there is"?

  There's someone on the phone for you.

Is "there" the subject here? If yes, is "there" a noun or something else?


texts: it had been decided to talk if they did not appear

texts:
Clash of Kings by George R. R. Martin

They had argued for many hours, and reached no agreement. The Old Bear
was too stubborn to retreat, but neither would he rush headlong up the
Milkwater, seeking battle. In the end, nothing had been decided but to
wait a few more days for the men from the Shadow Tower, and talk again
if they did not appear.

I understand the context of this sentence, but I can't wrap my head around the grammar behind this clause: it had been decided to talk again if they did not appear
This clause seems strange to me in two ways:

If I change it the other way, it does not make sense. The main part is in past simple, whereas the subordinate part is in past perfect. It would make more sense to me putting subordinate part in future tense (e.g. they will decide).

If they did not appear, it had been decided to talk again

If I were to put it in present tense, how would it be then?

it was decided to talk again if they don't appear

Or is it subjunctive? I'm totally lost here. Hope someone can clarify it for me or post some resources to help get me the hang of it.
Thanks in advance


texts:
Does it make sense to say "a voucher for a front row seat," meaning a free ticket for a front row seat at a performance?

I'd appreciate your help.


texts:
1) For the last six months I have been working on the thesis.

  2)For the last six months I have worked on the thesis.

I know that first sentence is correct. It means I started working six months back and i am working even now in the sixth month.

But my book is saying second sentence is wrong.Can't we use second to mean _  For the last six months (till now six months are completed), I worked on the thesis (I have just stopped working recently) ?


texts:
Is it

IN the wedding
ON the wedding
AT the wedding
Which one is correct? And how about the words concert? Are they the same?


texts: There are 10 students. Each did 1 assessment. Which is right: The teacher must mark everyone's assessment/everyone's assessments?


texts: Does "the man who is eating is my dad" = "the eating man is my dad"?

texts:
Ok, check this website

It said:

The desk which was stained was antique.
→ Reduced: The stained desk was antique.

The elephant which was born in captivity was set free.
→ Reduced: The elephant born in captivity was set free.

The dog that is lying on the floor won't get up.
→ Reduced: The dog lying on the floor won't get up.

My question is that:
Can "The man who is eating is my dad." be reduced to "The eating man is my dad."?


texts:
A:  That's a very difficult job.

  B: I'll manage / manage to do it

Is simply manage the same as manage to do?

In the sentence:

  Manage your Google account.

What is the meaning of manage?

Thanks in advance.


texts: ".. getting away to the beach with the family" - why not "..to a beach with the family"?

texts:
The types of vacations that people take nowadays are very different from vacations taken in years gone by. I guess the main change has been the shift from domestic vacations to vacations overseas. In the past, most vacations used to involve getting away to the beach with the family.

In this sentence, I think writer used definite article to differentiate the beach that used to be in the past and the beach that exists nowadays, of course 'the family' goes without saying. but to be honest with you, I'm not sure why definite article is used even though writer has never mentioned it before. Could you help me figure it out? And what differences were made if I used indefinite article 'a'?


texts:
Consider a sentence like

  The method does not need the extra parameter.

Now, assume that we want to add "such" to the sentence. What will the result be?

  The method does not need such the extra parameter.

  The method does not need such extra parameter.

  The method does not need such an extra parameter.


texts:
A1) Students  who exhibit more undesirable academic behaviors feel more strongly that work contributes to less time and energy for studying.

  A2)
  The class is believed to assess subjective feelings of increased knowledge and awareness of the need for a coherent system for studying in response to taking the course.

  B1) Fifteen weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and the tissues removed for study.

  B2) It's not just a quiet place. I want to have a quiet place for study, but I want to have a social room - a noisy place where you can meet other people.

In A1), A2) studying is used while in B1), B2) study is.
What's the difference between two uses of studying and study. Are they interchangeable?


texts: How do native speakers use the phrase " By the millions "

texts:
This morning, when I was surfing the internet, I saw a phrase by chance. I thought it had a superfluous word.

Full sentence:

  They send their cars over by the millions, and what do we do?

The word "over" was superfluous, wasn't it?


texts: Can "all" be used with both singular & plural verbs?

texts:
Are both sentences below correct?
1. All of the books are expensive.
2. All of the books is expensive.


texts:
When using "lead", when to use "into" and when to use "to". For example:

  The implementation vulnerability leads the machine into using a weaker mode

OR

  The implementation vulnerability leads the machine to use a weaker mode


texts: Which preposition should I use in "Please contact me PREP EMAIL"

texts:
If I want to instruct people to contact me using my email, which preposition should I use? That is, which preposition should replace PREP in the following:

Please contact me PREP helen@gmail.com

(The email address is made up)
Thank you!


texts: What are good ways to express the action of "studying a textbook"?

texts:
I want to say something like

  I am working through the textbook  A.

By which I mean, reading the book (and occasionally rereading certain paragraphs), doing (almost) all of its exercises and thinking about the topics that are taught in that textbook. Essentially using that textbook for self-studying.

I am not sure if that expression "working through" is right or if it sounds somewhat natural to an English speaker.

What are some good expressions to use for the situation I described above?


texts: What's the meaning of "hand out" and "fliers of a woman" in this sentence?

texts:
From CNN Student News, January 22, 2014:

It tells that how the Russian Police guard Sochi -- a city in Russia which is supposed to hold the Winter Olympics in 2014.

  40,000 Russian police and security forces will be guarding the events. International officials are concerned about possible terrorism. Islamic militants have threatened to attack the games. And Russian police have handed out fliers of a woman they say may now be in Sochi and may be planning an attack.

I have two questions:

From the dictionary, hand out means to give something to each person in a group, but this interpretation seems not work in the sentence. So what does the phrase hand out mean here?
What's the meaning of fliers of a woman? Fliers is in the plural, but a woman is singular. I cannot understand the combination. And I also cannot understand what does the expression refer to. Can anyone give a proper explanation? Thanks.


texts: Is there a term other than "press conference" to refer to an event where a new product is unveiled?

texts:
"press conference" means

  an interview given to journalists by a prominent person in order to make an announcement or answer questions.

  The iPhone 4S was unveiled at Apple's "Let's Talk iPhone" event on October 4, 2011, on the Apple Campus in Cupertino, California.

I guess I could call that event a press conference, besides which, is there any terms to refer to that kind of event where a new product is unveiled in contrast to the other type of conference where experts answer some questions regarding to a specific field e.g. COVID-19?


texts: I have ... I gave ... time relationship?

texts: I made this "trick" question and posted it on Facebook, and then I started questioning my use of "gave." I'm suposed to reveal that the correct answer is seven, because the second sentence describes only past events, so it doesn't affect the present time (the fact that I HAVE seven cookies). My question is, can it be argued that "gave" actually refers to present, and that my answer is wrong?


texts: "Order something to be done" or "order something done"?

texts:
Shouldn't have "to be" been used in the following sentence, if not, then why?

  Instead, President Johnson ordered all land (to be) returned to it is former owners.

It is from Crash Course US history. It is at 2 minute and 5 second.


texts:
This is a sentence from Beyond Good and Evil:

  The question is, how far an opinion is life-furthering, life-
  preserving, species-preserving, perhaps species-rearing, and we are fundamentally inclined to maintain that the falsest opinions (to which
  the synthetic judgments a priori belong), are the most indispensable
  to us, that without a recognition of logical fictions, without a
  comparison of reality with the purely IMAGINED world of the absolute
  and immutable, without a constant counterfeiting of the world by means
  of numbers, man could not live—that the renunciation of false opinions
  would be a renunciation of life, a negation of life.

I understood the meaning of sentence, but the structure of sentence is difficult to understand.
Please explain.


texts: "Not carrying cash" implication in a context

texts:
Currently reading this article, there is a line,

Virginia Hannon’s family has long wondered whether her killing might have been connected to a $380,000 inheritance she had collected from an aunt. Hannon had told friends about the money but had never flaunted it, Richard Hannon said.

“People knew that she had gotten an inheritance from her aunt, but she wasn’t the type of person who would carry cash, and she wasn’t out buying filet mignons,” he said. “She drove an old car, and she was a very thrifty person.”

I guess that "she wasn't out buying filet mignons" connotes as the continuing sentence says that she was a thrifty person, but I'm wondering what would "not carrying cash" imply?
Thank you in advance.


texts: Can 'call on' mean pay a short visit to someone?

texts:
According to the definition 2 in this dictionary:

  phrasal verb.
  If you call on someone or call upon someone, you pay them a short visit.
  Sofia was intending to call on Miss Kitts. [VERB PARTICLE noun]

However, when I tried to use it into practice, I said the sentence "They will call on us" to my friends - some of them are native speakers - and it turned out that no one understood it. I guess the problem could be the way I use it was wrong.

So, how should the phrase call on be used to mean pay a short visit as the dictionary indicates. Is the phrase call on commonly used?


texts:
"I go to school" question is "Do you go to school?"
I hear that using "Do/Does" question contains habit and recurring things like avobe.

Then, people in dramas often use "Do /Does" like what do we do? Where do I pay? But, in this case It doesn't look like asking usually recurring thing.

What is true? I'm a little confused. because I learned that Do/Does in present question sentence is used to ask people's habit or general things.


texts: I need some help with this, I a learner of English and I want to know which of this two sentece is better to use: nice gift to me or nice gift for me.


texts: Meaning of "stable to increasing/decreasing"

texts: What does "stable to increasing/decreasing" mean in the picture below? Does it mean "stable or increasing/decreasing" or "steadily increasing/decreasing"?


texts:
Is jewellery included in the concept of accessories? Wikipedia gives a positive response:

  (Fashion) accessories that are worn may include jackets, boots and shoes,
  cravats, ties, hats, bonnets, belts and suspenders, gloves, muffs,
  jewelry, watches, sashes, shawls, scarves, lanyards, socks, and
  stockings.

At the same time, Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries say that

  ...accessories are things that you can wear or carry that matches your
  clothes, for example a belt or a bag.

A belt or a bag cannot be referred to as pieces of jewellery.

Is it correct to consider jewellery as a part of accessories? Can items of jewellery be called "accessories"?


texts: does it make any sense to say "it would be considered as my own personal opinion" in the below sentence?

texts:
I'd like to know if the below sentence is meaningful to you?

I don't want to do any review of the books because that
way, it would be considered as my own personal opinion. the only way to figure out if the book is good or bad is to read it.

is the bold part correct?


texts: which of the two mean that the person is not worthy enough that a biopic should be made on his life?

texts:
"I don't think I'm worthy enough to have a biopic being  made on me" or
  "I don't think I'm worthy enough to have a biopic made on me"

I always have trouble with such construction, but am yet to conclude what it is that troubles me.


texts: Can the word "schism" be used in this way?

texts:
It is the only time when I don't feel a schism in my soul.
It is the only time when I don't feel a schism of the soul.

Looking at the dictionary meaning (linked), schism seems to have a political or religious context. So can it be used the way it has been in the given sentence? If not, what other words could be used in its place?


texts:
The paintings have been proven to be fakes

The paintings proved to be fakes

Questions:

What is the difference between using has been proven and proved? I know one is a past participle and one is past simple but I don't know when to use them.

Can I use past participle without has or have for example The paintings proven to be fakes?


texts: What's "brass tacks" got to do with "essential facts"?

texts:
Recently, I found myself using this idiom to justify writing a rather short and terse  email to someone.

  Getting down to brass tacks, I'd like to remind you that...

wherein I listed three essential points.

The idiom is just a different way of saying of “let's get down to business”, “we've wasted enough time in chatter”, and “time to get serious”. According to Anatoly Liberman for the Oxford University Press Blog, the earliest citation  is from Texas, in 1863. As to its meaning, Liberman cites among them the following theorem

  Brass, or bronze, tacks, used in boat-building, do not rust, and are far superior to so-called ‘tin’ tacks for durability.

These sturdy brass tacks were later used to decorate leather furniture, boxes, and upholstery. They added the pleasing finishing touch but do not explain why the idiom getting down to brass tacks is synonymous with the  facts of reality.

I've read that the origin of the idiom is American, but that it's also popular in the United Kingdom. Is that true of Australia and Canada too?

How did "get down to brass tacks" earn its particular meaning?
Why is the idiom preceded by the phrasal verb get down to? Why not ‘talk brass tacks’, ‘get into brass tacks’, or ‘to deal with brass tacks’?


texts: What does "to go in the first place" mean?

texts:
"I would constantly find myself missing classes to go out for drinks in the evening, or waking up too hungover to go in the first place."

In the sentence, what does the phrase "to go in the first place" mean? Please explain it to me.


texts: Past perfect following or preceding "before"

texts:
a) The author died before he had finished the series.
b) The author had died before he finished the series.
I need to know the difference between the two sentences.
What's the difference?


texts: "...glare of the big electric standards that lit.." - meaning of "standard"

texts:
In a A.Blackwood story, I have trouble understanding the following:

Pedestrians went hurrying and shivering along the pavements,
disappearing into the gloom of countless ugly little houses the moment
they passed beyond the glare of the big electric standards that lit
the thundering motor-buses in the main street.

I consulted two dictionaries but could not find a suitable meaning for "standard" that would fit the context here. I am also not sure whether the buses were lit by them or the other way around (the buses lit them).


texts: You had better, are better, better, It's better?

texts:
What are the differences between these four sorts of constructs in a sentence, please?

You are better ...
you had better ...
You better ...
It's better [that] you ....


texts: Is there a word for a man who behaves like a woman?

texts:
Does there exist a word which describes someone who is male but behaves like a female? In Chinese, we say that "他很 (He is so) 娘". Such guys may have the following features (include but not limited to):

lifting their little finger

being emotional

wearing lovely pink clothes

Any words in English describing the above men with those features which seem strange to me?


texts: Is "very much" an adverb or an adjective?

texts:
I would like to know what "very much" is in terms of grammatical classification.

Is it an adjective, adverb or other part of speech?


texts: How to know if a statement is general or specific when using articles?

texts:
I understand the meaning of the in the following sentences:

  The man who lives next door is Chinese.

  No one expected the results that were found.

There can only be one man and a single instance of results.

But what about sentences such as:

  The journey to Vancouver takes three days by train.

(The sentence is from this guide)

On one hand, this isn't just any journey, but the journey to Vancouver,
therefore the is justified.

Yet it also sounds like a general statement to me, similar to:
"All journeys to Vancouver take three days by train". As opposed to, say, the journey I took last week.

To add to my confusion, there is this sentence from Cambridge Grammar of English:

  Furniture of that quality is too good for a student flat.

Here, the isn't used, with the explanation being
"all and any furniture of that quality".

How to discern whether such sentences refer to general statements that don't use the, or specific instances that require the? Is the use of the a matter of preference here or a hard rule exists?


texts: Error spotting : The enmity between the two groups had reached a level where reconciliation has become impossible

texts:
The enmity between the (A) / two groups had reached a level (B) / where reconciliation has (C) / become impossible.(D)

The key which I have suggests to change has to had, but I think has is correct here, as using had in place of has will change the meaning of the sentence.

Instead, I think it's better to use reconciliation between them (or something like that) to correct this sentence. Am I correct?


texts: Someone who lives in a working-class neighborhood

texts:
How would an American native speaker  refer to someone whose house is located in a bad part of town where some poor people with a lower social / cultural level live  and where  the dwellers' average income is usually too low in comparison with the people who live in posh districts of the town?

I have found some words and expressions which can be used in a sentence which I'm going to say, but I doubt if they are unnatural, old-fashioned etc.

  He/she lives in a working class neighborhood.
  He/she lives in a bad part of town.
  He/she lives in boondocks.
  He/she lives in boonies.
  He/she lives in projects.

I was wondering if you could let me know if they do not work properly, how a native would indicate such a message?


texts: What do you call this kind of door lock?

texts:
How would you name or describe such a type of door lock? For instance, if you would like to buy one exactly like this. Is it a "latch", a "door bolt" or maybe something else?

In Russian there is a special word "шпингалет". But it looks like Google Translate can't suggest a good translation for it.


texts: How to correctly determine subject of the sentence

texts:
I have a sentence corrected by my supervisor. He wrote:

  Finally, directions for future work is discussed and concluding remarks are given.

As I understand, we discuss directions, so it should be are discussed. But he clearly write "is." In this case the future work will be discussed. I have a problem to determine if this sentence is correct.

When I google the phrase "directions for future work is discussed" I have only 8 results. When I google "directions for future work are discussed" I have 99000 results.

Can I keep supervisor's version?


texts: What do you call shortcuts in written English?

texts:
Writers make shortcuts in their writing and typography such as this sentence:

  He watched my daughter being killed.

Some writers or most of them extract the word being out of sentence as a style of writing to be like:

  He watched my daughter killed.

So what do you call these shortcuts in English grammar, and how could I recognize them?


texts:
can I use compromise or build in this context?

  The android application elements and the the service provider elements compromise the bus traffic monitoring system


texts:
According to Oxford Dictionary:

  Form a mental representation of; imagine:

    without society an individual cannot be conceived as having rights

  [no object]:

    we could not conceive of such things happening to us

and one of the example sentence given just below this definition is:

  At its best, his show celebrates the capacity of our imagination to
  conceive of, then rationalise, the ridiculous.

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/conceive

So
What does this sentence mean?

What is the difference between the word imagination and conceive of?( there must a subtle difference)


texts:
My native language is Croatian and I have been listening to A. J. Hoge who is a teacher from San Francisco. What I hear when he says "not enough" is "norinaf". How would one pronounce it?

There are a lot of examples, one of which is "lot of" (and I hear "loRav"). I'm speaking about American English, more precisely San Franciso, East Coast, where A.J. is living. Another teacher named Rachel mentioned it in a youtube-video.


texts:
"And a number of twentieth-century writers have assumed, like Hanslick, that fixed pitches are among the defining features of music. Now it is true that in most of the world’s musical cultures, pitches are not only fixed, but organized into a series of discrete steps. However, this is a generalization about music and not a definition of it, for it is easy to put forward counter-examples. Japanese shakuhachi music and the sanjo music of Korea, for instance, fluctuate constantly around the notional pitches in terms of which the music is organized."
Q1. Is the use of "which" correct here?
Q2. If correct, what does "which" refer to? "terms" or "the notional pitches" or something else?


texts: Quiet or you die! Hold still or I'll kill you! - present vs. future tense?

texts:
What is the difference between the future and present tense in the following sentences? Which tense is more preferred?

Quiet or you die!
Quiet or you'll die!

And

Hold still or I kill you!
Hold still or I'll kill you!


texts: “Congratulations on …” or “congratulations for …”?

texts:
While I was chatting with one of my friends on Facebook, I wrote this to him after he was selected in a on-campus recruitment drive by the company TCS from our college:

  Congratulation on being selected in TCS.

Then I thought, should it be "on" instead of "for"? I felt perplexed. I thought if I said on it would mean "Congratulation on the occasion of being selected in TCS." and if I say "for" it would mean "Congratulation for being selected in TCS." So is it understandable to use "on"? Or must I use "for" here?


texts:
To north and west of the hill are steep slopes to the Rivers Eden and
  Calder respectively; on the east lies the River Petterill, while some
  kilometres further north the Solway forms the natural boundary to the
  Scottish lowlands.*

What's the original sentence of it?

The steep slopes (to north and west of the hill) are to the Rivers Eden and Calder respectively ?

or

The steep slopes (to the Rivers Eden and Calder respectively) are to north and west of the hill?

--update--

thank you for all the help. I learned a lot. But what I am confused was the sentence structure. let me rephrase my question.

if making it as prep phrase1 + verb + subject + prep phrase2, does it always make equal meaning in interpreting the sentence as

S(PP1)+V+PP2

S(PP2)+V+PP1

Hope I have made the question clear this time.

* Source: The Small Towns of Roman Britain


texts:
What 'shoal' and 'darts' mean here?

It's from the book Possession by A.S. Byatt, p70; here is the context>

  “And from all these things the soft light proceeded, like the
  glimmering of pearls in the depth of water, like the phosphorescent
  light that moves of itself on the night surface of southern seas, or
  shines round the heaving shoals, milky-white over their silver
  darts, in our own dark Channel.”


texts: The meaning of the phrase "peak by valley"

texts:
A landscape of ideas that peak by valley stretches from the
  everyday to the wholly unfamiliar.

What does the phrase "peak by valley" mean?

Here is the link of the original context: http://goo.gl/LDivGa


texts:
I looked up in Longman's and Oxford's collocation dictionaries for the following words but did not find any

open + link
visit + link

Are they not common enough to be recognized or are they unnatural at all? I am more interested in the verb open though. Do native speakers ever use the verb as in:

  Open the following link ...

or

  After opening the link you will get a list of all the websites ...

I am pretty sure that I could use visit the following links whether mentioned in the dictionaries or not. I am just not sure about open, and curious why visit not included in the collocations dictionaries


texts:
What does "trust the thrust" mean?

I found only one definition of the phrase, in the Urban Dictionary:

  A statement defining the special bond needed between two young men to properly bounce a yoga ball between their chests, but can be applied to any non-sexual thrusting activity.

But this definition didn't make clear it to me... So I will be very grateful for any comprehensive example.


texts: confussion in simple present and past tenses regarding helping verbs

texts: Why are no helping verbs used in present and past simple tense? I have tried searching on YouTube and Bing but can't find the answer anywhere.


texts:
What is the difference between " from ～to～" and "from ～ through～"?
For example,  are the following sentences same?

I work from Monday to Friday.
I work from Monday through Friday.


texts: Idiom request: "If the town's streets are crooked, then it's wrong to walk in straight lines."

texts:
If the town's streets are crooked, then it's wrong to walk in straight lines.

This is a literal translation of an Arabic expression. It subtly encourages people to follow suit when immoral behavior has become the norm in their communities. Is there an English expression that resembles or matches this one? If not, does my translation convey the meaning intended ?


texts:
What is the meaning of draw from in the following sentence

The BLA, which drew from an earlier version, was reborn in 2000 when it claimed a few attacks on Pakistan targets.

 To  Read Full Article


texts: What is a proper way to write this headline!

texts:
A full curfew/lockdown executed/implemented/applied in Iraq last midnight, and it will continue for 10 days.

Is it curfew or lockdown? Because pharmacies, food, and grocery stores are allowed to open. Is it executed, implemented, or applied? What is the difference between all of them?


texts: And 16 million would serve during the second World War. Why 'would serve' not 'served'?

texts:
Sometimes it is very difficult for non-native speakers to understand the meaning of 'would'. So, why do these sentences use 'would'? If I change 'would serve' to 'served', is this wrong? What is the difference betweeen 'served' and 'would serve'? If I change 'would reach' to 'reached' or 'would become' to 'became', do these sentences then have different meanings?

In all, more than 4,000,000 Americans served in the armed forces
during the first World War. And 16 million would serve during the
second one. (the first one is 'served', why is the second one 'would serve'?)
And, historians say, the sauce was probably first created in a Chinese community in northern Vietnam. Later, this sauce would reach Indonesia and be called kecap. (why not 'reached'?)
William Henry Harrison would become the ninth U.S. president. (why not 'became'?)

Why do these example sentences need the word 'would'?


texts:
Which of following sentence make more sense?

  1- I am worried about whether my student caught the gist of the lesson or not.

  2- I am worried about the understanding of the lesson by my student.

  3- I am worried about my student not being taught the lesson.


texts: Word for the group of people who supporting a corrupt leader

texts: What can I name the group of people those who are following a bad/corrupt leader, supporting his all kind of activities (even knowing their leader is corrupted) and never give up their leader with others in any arguments, as always saying that his leader is genuine.