texts: Meaning of "medicines capsules with instructions for giving them"

texts:
"A Day’s Wait" by E. Hemingway

Sentence:

  Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsules with instructions for giving them.

Questions:

What is "instructions for giving them"?
Why the word "giving" is used here?


texts: Are there any circumstances when the article 'a' is used before the word 'answer'?

texts:
Generally, we use the article "an" before the word "answer", because it starts with the sound of a vowel. But "a" is also used before this word:

  Above all things never show an inmate fear or your uncertainty of a situation! If you don't know a answer say "No" because it's easier to switch a no to a yes then a yes to a no later. And whatever you do, don't panic and stay firm on your answer. — Matthew Zamborowski
  The problem is that Trump isn’t enough of a answer-avoiding politician, said Carson.

My question is, are there any circumstances when "a" is used before the word "answer" instead of "an"?

Are the above cited uses of "a" correct?


texts: What is "threshold brook" in Keats' 'The Human Seasons'

texts:
I don't understand the meaning of threshold brook in Keats's poem "The Human Seasons":

  Four Seasons fill the measure of the year;
       There are four seasons in the mind of man:
  He has his lusty Spring, when fancy clear
       Takes in all beauty with an easy span:
  He has his Summer, when luxuriously
       Spring's honied cud of youthful thought he loves
  To ruminate, and by such dreaming high
       Is nearest unto heaven: quiet coves
  His soul has in its Autumn, when his wings
       He furleth close; contented so to look
  On mists in idleness—to let fair things
       Pass by unheeded as a threshold brook.
  He has his Winter too of pale misfeature,
  Or else he would forego his mortal nature.

Is it "a small stream running close to someone's door, or close to a wicket gate"? I doubt that, but this is the only interpretation I could come up with.

P.S. Or is it "a small stream that lies out of sight beyond some threshold" - say, a mound or hill or just a steep bank?

Googling for "threshold brook" "meaning" brings up boatloads of bloated literary criticism, and I need just the basic sense of the phrase.

P.P.S. I found one interpretation: "a river that passes by a cottage door" ("The Works of John Keats", Wordsworth Editions, 1994, page 490) after the question had been closed. Seems like I hadn't been meticulous enough.


texts:
When I was reading:

  A ferryman of the underworld tests the soul of a dead king to see if he can count to ten.

For a moment, I thought: "who are 'he'? The king or his soul?"

then I keep on reading a little further:

  The dead soul's answer takes the form of a poem in which the ten fingers are listed in their order.

and I got clarification.

But what if it'd have been a dead queen? Must one say:

  "... to see if she can count to ten?"


texts: Present perfect progressive vs Present simple to express repeating action

texts:
I have usually been flying northern routes over the poles.
I have been flying overseas trips every  Tuesday and Wednesday.

There is no other context, it's phrases from a tutorial.
We can say: "I usually fly northern routes over the poles" and "I fly overseas trips every Tuesday and Wednesday", can't we? What's the difference in the meaning?


texts: Is it common to say "I have a complaint about my order."?

texts:
I have a complaint about my order.

Is this sentence used in any situation when you have some trouble with the product you bought?   To me, it sounds very straight, but I'd like to know if it is OK to use it or not.   Thank you in advance.


texts:
In Korea, they are using "PD", denoting a person 'in charge of managing a production as in a TV show or film'(wiktionary.com). But the word for the person seems to be director, not producer, who (producer) "supervises and controls the finances, creation, and public presentation of a play, film,"(freedictionary.com) ; "one (producer) who produces an artistic production like a CD, a theater production, a film, a TV program and so on (wiktonary.com)."
Their using 'PD' is just Konglish? Or do English users use the word for the meaning?


texts:
What is the difference between this two sentences.

  I am going to present my solution notes to my  boss.
  I am going to introduce my solution notes to my boss.

"Present" seems to me as something showed "outside" and "introduced" as something that I can involve sb in "inside".


texts: Correlation / Concordance / Accord / Link / Relation

texts:
When I came across the word concordance, after I had looked up on a handful of dictionary I concluded that they have similar sense with the word accord and correlation but not synonym though.

But I would like to ask if I can rewrite a sentence which contains the word concordance in the following passage which I extracted from a tuition website.

  Substantial evidence suggests that there is a genetically inherited
  predisposition to schizophrenia. For example, there is a concordance
  rate of about 48 percent for identical twins. The concordance rate for
  fraternal twins is considerably less, about 17 percent. Concordance
  rate refers to the percentage of both people in a pair having a
  certain trait or disorder. A person who has two parents with
  schizophrenia has about a 46 percent chance of developing
  schizophrenia. This probability is very high compared to the roughly 1
  percent chance of developing schizophrenia in the general population.

The passage is already explaining what concordance rate means and I can see we cannot just replace the word concordance with the word correlation. Because I took statistics lectures before I don't think there is a term correlation rate but we can say correlation coefficient which is between -1 and 1. So I'll give a more simple example, for example I can say off the top of my head :

  There is a correlation /link/ relation between crime and drug abuse.

Can we say :

  There is a concordance / accord between crime and drug abuse.

So I need help more on the usage of the words concordance and accord in this sense.


texts: Ground floor equals First floor in this context?

texts:
Fortunately, she had bragged to everybody about her ducky first-floor apartment in the perfectly darling three-story red-brick...When the clicking in the lock started, he jumped forward against the door. He got inside fast, closing the door behind him. A bulb in a lantern hung from the hall ceiling on a chain seemed to give a monstrously bright light. There was nobody on the stair, which went up ahead of him along the left wall. A door opened down the hall in the wall on the right. He went toward it swiftly, on tiptoe.Source: James Thurber, The Catbird Street

I have a question. In one part,it is stated her house is a 1st-floor apartment. In the other, it seems that her house is just on the ground-floor that is on the very floor that the door to the street opens and he has not gone upstairs. Would somebody please shed light on this?
What's more, What does down the hall mean? Is down a preposition here and means at the end of the hall? Or it simply says the door is somewhere on the right wall?
Based on the text I have drawn a plan, is this right?


texts:
We expect you to do great things with your work here. When that
  happens is up to you (with input from your manager, of course).

What does "with input from your manager, of course" mean? Does it mean that "of course you have to follow the direction from you manager"?

What's confusing for me is what this "with" exactly means.
Does mean that "there will be input from your manager" or does it mean that "you should use/follow your manager's input"?


texts: There is time comes of 'last chance' too

texts:
"Life gives so many chances, do not misuse them because there is time comes of 'last chance' too"

In this part usage of "of" is ok?


texts:
I want to use a term to mean that the speaker has been recorded as the wife of X in a civil registry officially and legally.

I don't know what is the usual word to use in this case, I have searched "formal wife", but all I got is "former wife" which means "Ex-wife". As for "official wife", I found it used mostly in titles Google Search/Google Books —there wasn't enough information about its definition and meaning.

Here's where I want to use it in a dialogue between A and B:

  A: This is not something to call [...] when I'm his {official/formal} wife.

  B: But maybe he doesn't consider you as {official/formal} yet.

P.S. "A" got married to X in a civil registry, but they came to an agreement (while registered as lawfully wedded couples) of having a trial period to see if they are suitable to each other (I know it doesn't seem logical or sensible). As that speech occurred before the ending of the trial period, which means before deciding to continue being a married couple or having a divorce, "A" finds that she is the legal wife of X, when X probably (according to "B's" assumption) doesn't have the same point of view because of the trial period.

So, what is the usual term to use in this case? Is it "formal wife", "official wife" or something else?


texts: Why do ESL speakers sometimes use "sir" to women?

texts:
When I use a website with a large numbers of users for whom English is not their first language (specifically, fiverr.com), I often get addressed as "Sir", even though I am a woman.  How come?

My hypotheses are:

Learners of English in some countries are being explicitly taught
that "Sir" is appropriate for individuals of any sex (kind of like
default masculine pronouns).
Honorifics in other languages are gender neutral, so they assume the same is true of English.
They are simply incorrectly assuming I am male.

This is different from the question https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/121727/can-sir-be-used-to-address-female-officers, which refers to the military.  I am a civilian.


texts:
I will mention the Spanish leather with which the walls of the dinning
  room were hung, and the pictures done by Kipling's father in the
  clay for Kim, which hung all along the dark old pannels of the
  staircase.

This was  written by Lord Dunsany about Bateman's.
I don't understand the meaning of  "in the clay for Kim"
I am glad if some one would kindly teach me.


texts: turning Russia into a ringed-off economic fortress - what does ringed-off mean?

texts:
Source: http://finance.yahoo.com/news/world-war-russia-mind-u-084905338.html

  Still, turning Russia into a ringed-off economic fortress isn't at the heart of Glazyev's prescriptions. Faced with a souring climate abroad, the country should promote import substitution and policies aimed at reversing the brain drain that's sapped Russia's scientific prowess.

What does ringed-off mean?


texts: What is your name = Your name is Mr What?

texts:
In Mind Your Language Video I see.

Office: What is your name?
Ali: What is not my name? What is not here?
Office: Who is not here?
Ali: Mr What....

So: What is your name? = Your name is Mr What?
Who is not here? = Mr Who is not here?
Mr What is your name?
Or: Mr Who is not here?
It is correct?


texts: Correctness of "Which has best served" (present perfect)

texts:
I have this sentence:

  The system shall allow any customer to find the restaurant which has best served a specific food item.

I want to say that there are many restaurants serving food items and I want the system to allow customers to find the best restaurant which serves that food item.

My question is about grammar: Is which has best served grammatically right?


texts: What does this sentence with a relative clause mean?

texts:
They were talking about who killed her husband.

Is who killed her husband known to the speakers? Or, are they thinking of who the killer might be?

The same question can be posed about the following:

  They were talking about what suffocated her husband.


texts: Is there an article that follows In terms of?

texts:
In terms of scale and productivity, Taldinskaya Zapadnaya-2 is considered an ideal coal mine.
In terms of a scale and productivity, Taldinskaya Zapadnaya-2 is considered an ideal coal mine.
In terms of the scale and productivity, Taldinskaya Zapadnaya-2 is considered an ideal coal mine.

Which one is most suitable?


texts: Meaning of the context : aggregate diffusion processes for technological innovations

texts:
The objective of this paper is to better understand the nature and role of Leading Edge Users in the individual adoption and aggregate diffusion processes for technological innovations.

What does "aggregate diffusion processes for technological innovations" mean,
Does it mean "combining the diffusion processes",
and "for technological innovations" explains what kind of processes?

And I think for is attached to processes,
so does the meaning still remain the same if for is replaced with of?


texts:
Fabricius was the first to discover the valves of the veins.

If I change this sentence into It-cleft sentences, have four answers.

  It was Fabricius who was the first to discover the valves of the veins.
  It was the first to discover the valves of the veins that was Fabricius.
  It was to discover the valves of the veins that Fabrious was the first.
  It was the valves of the veins that Fabrious was the first to discover.

I want to know if there can be other sentences for it-cleft sentences.


texts:
I am struggling with the term neighborhood. I realize that it could be too general for what I want to express.

I want to focus on the actual neighbors and not to the vicinity or residential area. Just the persons.

Is neighborhood the proper term to describe/express that?

Or should I switch to another word, like neighborship? Or something else?

Edit:

Due to the comments, I assume I am right, that neighborhood is a more general term.

So I also assume that saying

  "There is a good community in the neighborhood."

it is clear that I mean the people in the neighborhood, who are the community. But when saying:

  "The neighborhood changed over the last decades"

it is not clear, that I meant the people in the neighborhood.

Is that correct?


texts: Which version of the word "dry" is suitable to question about the next step of instructions

texts:
Which one of these sentence is correct?

  1) What do we need to do after we have dry our body?

  2) What do we need to do after we have dried our body?


texts:
Should I use definite article before "tears"? In Queen's "Somebody to love" song they use it for some reason:

  I get down on my knees and I start to pray
  till THE tears run down from my eyes

Is it exception to the rule or there is a rule that says to put it here?


texts: "denote XXX shortly by X" or "denote shortly XXX by X"

texts:
I think these two forms are correct:

We will denote XXX shortly by X.
We will denote shortly XXX by X.

However, I don't know which one is more natural.


texts:
In the following two sentences, there is -ing after while:

  While exploring the paths of program, we established a natural
  partitioning of paths on-the-fly based on program dependencies -
  such that only one path in a partition is explored.
  Any method which covers various possible behaviours of a given
  program while avoiding path enumeration, can be extremely useful
  for software testing.

Can someone help to elaborate why the use of -ing after while is correct (in term of grammar rule)?


texts: She's not talking about her children, but about the customers of a subsidiary of pharmaceutical company Whitehall-Robins~

texts:
She's not talking about her children, but about the customers of a subsidiary of pharmaceutical company Whitehall-Robins, where she works as supervisor of credit and collections.

Whitehall-Ronbins is a subsidiary? or
a subsidiary belongs to Whitehall-Robins (of is a possessive case if a subsidiary belongs to W-Rs)?
I think W-Rs has a subsidiary.


texts: Is "Do you know some writers?" grammatical? I mean, does that mean do you know a number of writers that isn't a few nor a lot but some? Is there ever used or could it be in that sense?


texts:
I have trouble with the verb 'wish'. Searching this website, I could not find an answer to my questions, which is 'when we use past simple and when would?'
a) I wish I would live in LA --> This is a wish for the future.
b) I wish I lived in LA --> This is a regret that I, currently, do not live in LA.
So, for me, it seems that we can use would with action, durable verbs if we want something to happen in the future, and past simple with stative, durable verbs when we are not satisfied with the current situation (yet we know the changes are probably unreal).
Also, I have heard that we use wish + would only when we are annoyed about something and want it to change, but with the word 'only' it does not sound like the truth.


texts: Construction of conditional sentences when the context involves Perfect Tense

texts:
This is the context I'm starting from:

  I am waiting for Tom. I have been waiting for him for 20 minutes.

1) How to construct a conditional statement when something happens now?

  a) If Tom came now, I would have been waiting for him in total for 20 minutes.

  b) If Tom came now, I would have waited for him in total for 20 minutes.

  c) If Tom came now, I would wait for him in total for 20 minutes.

2) ... happens in the future?

  a) If Tom came in 15 minutes, I would have been waiting for him in total for 35 minutes.

  b) If Tom came in 15 minutes, I would have waited for him in total for 35 minutes.

  c) If Tom came in 15 minutes, I would wait for him in total for 35 minutes.


texts:
Hello I have a question.

  The court sentences the acused 5 years for his committing the crime.

Is it  in this sentence the structure is right. Subject (the court) , sentence is the verb, the accused is object.

Now, what about 5 years, is it noun?

What about for committing.......

Is the verb sentence can be in past.


texts: future continuous us present progressive

texts:
Could you let me know what mean these two sentences. Are they equal in terms of meaning ?

Next holiday we're staying in a five-star hotel. (the reservation has been made)
Next holiday we will be staying in a five-star hotel.

In that case does it mean the reservation has been made


texts: "But they rejected me, because they say that in those woods was never seen a single wolf ever." - Is this use of never ever correct?


texts: What’s the difference between these three sentences?

texts:
In 1951, when Woo was only five years old, his family fled China and arrived in Hong Kong.
In 1951, when Woo was only five years old, his family fled China and arrived at Hong Kong.
In 1951, when Woo was only five years old, his family fled China and arrived Hong Kong.


texts:
Can I omit the relative pronoun and the verb 'be' in the this sentence? That is, can:

  I doubt we presume too far in thinking that by scientific truthfulness, he means proven facts which are not prone to change.

be changed to:

  I doubt we presume too far in thinking that by scientific truthfulness, he means proven facts not prone to change.


texts: detailed plan of schedule vs. detailed planning of schedule

texts:
Presenters at the Alexander International Convention were reminded
  that detailed plan/ planning of the schedule would enable the program
  to end on time.

Are the both 'plan' and 'planning' an option here? Or do we need an article 'a' in front of 'detailed' when using 'plan'?


texts:
Only 12% of campaigns run for less than a week. That allows plenty of time for on-the-go learning to emerge. Letting learning from the previous mailing to inform the next one turns a series of messages into a managed conversation over time.

What does "on the go" mean here?


texts: Is there a word to describe the act of making something unnecessarily complex in order to intentionally or unintentionally disguise one's own ignorance?


texts:
Which one is correct and why?

I will help you once I understand how it works.

or

I will help you once I understood how it works.


texts:
I am trying to determine the proper way to write tenths of a mile in press releases.

So is it from 0.5 miles north to 0.2 miles south of FM 12? Or from 0.5 mile north to 0.2 mile south of FM 12?

And is it proper to write .2 miles or 0.2 miles?


texts:
As it is well known, among other meanings "make" means force someone to do something and searching on Google shows that the sentence "The boss made me work an extra day" is grammatical (68,500 hits). Nevertheless, the phrase "people were made to wait" is grammatical (907,000 hits), too.

Clearly, there is no parallelism between the two structures because in the first one "work" is  in the - so-called - bare infinitive form while in the second one the mentioned verb  is used as an infinitive ("to work").

Question is, is there a rule governing this matter?

Yet, if so, can such a rule be extended to verbs which are different from the verb "make" because they do not support a direct object?


texts: Do we say "she is spinning or swinging her hair around"?

texts:
spin [intransitive, transitive] to turn round and round quickly; to make
  something do this

  (+ adv./prep.) The plane was spinning out of control.

  a spinning ice skater

  My head is spinning (= I feel as if my head is going round and I can't
  balance).

  spin round/around The dancers spun round and round.

  spin something (round/around) to spin a ball/coin/wheel

  We placed our bets and the croupier spun the roulette wheel.

  swing [intransitive, transitive] to move backwards or forwards or from side
  to side while hanging from a fixed point; to make something do this

  His arms swung as he walked.

  As he pushed her, she swung higher and higher (= while sitting on a
  swing).

  swing from something A set of keys swung from her belt.

  swing something He sat on the stool, swinging his legs.

Some women in developing countries often "spin or swing their hair around" after washing it to dry it off as shown in the picture.

I am not sure if we say "she is spinning or swinging her hair around".

Also, I am not sure if people say "swing something around" because the "swing" movement doesn't go around but randomly back and forward or side to side.


texts:
The connectivity of the pore network in the SiC/SiCN material is assumed to be very high since pyrolysis leads to a shrinkage of the matrix therefore leading to cracks throughout the matrix. In order to prove this assumption, a labeling of the objects in a smaller region of interest (1 x 1 x 0.5) mm3 of the binary volume is performed.

What does "binary volume" mean?
I can't find this notion at all. Maybe someone has assumptions what it can be?


texts: Which is correct，"the most banal" or "the banalest"?

texts:
I heard Jon Stewart say on his Daily Show:

  ...search even the most banal of the background facts...

Does it right to say "the most banal" instead of "the banalest"?

I googled "the banalest" and got only 503 results whereas I could find over 130 thousand by searching "the most banal", and interestingly, I even found quite a lot of "the most banalest" results.

So I am really confused. Obviously, it is a short word with only two syllables.


texts: Geomungo is a Korean musical instrument. When I type this word, do I have to use capital G, or small g as in guitar? For the instrument is used in quite a small area and has not that popularity like the guitar, I'm hesitating to decide which is proper.


texts:
A person who conducts or analyses opinion polls.

It's how Lexico defines the word 'pollster'. However, this page suggests the term may be applied to polling organizations as well. May it?


texts:
the air:  the space above the ground or around things

  into the air

  Flames leapt into the air.

  through the air

  He fell 2,000 metres through the air without a parachute.

  sky /skaɪ/ ●●● S2 W2 noun (plural skies)

  1 [singular, uncountable] the space above the Earth where clouds and
  the Sun and stars appear

  The sky grew dark, and a cold rain began to fall.

  A shooting star sped across the night sky.

  in the sky

  There wasn’t a cloud in the sky.

So I would say "The spacecraft flew into the air" when it was off the ground a bit not too high. Whereas, "The spacecraft flew into the sky" when it was off the ground very high, maybe above the cloud.

What are the differences between "The spacecraft / airplane flew into the air" & "The spacecraft / airplane flew into the sky"?


texts: "With Mrs Jones going to New York, Mr Smith took up her position."

texts: So a grammar site I look up things regularly states that this is a participle and that this construction is formal and not used often. Why can't it be a gerund? And aren't with + ing constructions used often? Because I see them a lot.


texts: What is negative inversion for "She made no sound as she crept upstairs"?

texts:
What is the negative inversion for this sentence?

She made no sound as she crept upstairs

My Answer:

No sound did she made as she crept upstairs

Is this correct? If not, how could it be improved?


texts: Should I use "didn't it" or "hadn't it" in the following sentence?

texts:
The story had a happy ending, didn't/hadn't it?

I'm confused because Google returns both results:

But it had a happy ending, didn't it? Source.
That had been quite a happy ending, hadn't it? Source.

What's the correct option and why?


texts: What does "privacy and security of information" mean?

texts:
The privacy and security of your personal information is
  important to us.

It always confuses me if there is more than 1 noun before "of".

Does it mean "the privacy of your personal information and the security of your personal information" or "the privacy (just privacy) and security of your personal information"?


texts:
Suppose someone else was trying to fool me and I found it. So I said "shame on you" to him.
What he did makes me dislike/hate him. So, I would say

I disrespect him as he was trying to fool me.

Is the sentence clear and natural?
Could "dishonor", "disgrace", "disapprove of" be used for this situation?


texts: The student, as well as x , ... does it use a plural form?

texts:
The student, as well as his teacher, was/were going on a trip.
Which form of the verb 'be' is correct?


texts: Why does Tekka say "where" while Kylo asked "why" he has come?

texts:
These are some quotes from Star War The Force Awakens:

  Kylo Ren : Look how old you've become.

  Lor San Tekka : Something far worse has happened to you.

  Kylo Ren : You know what I've come for.

  Lor San Tekka : I know where you come from, before you called yourself "Kylo Ren".

Why does Lor respond "where you come from" whereas he was supposed to confirm to "what I've come from"?


texts: "Asking the driver" or "Asking to the driver"?

texts:
I've seen this sentence: "I'm asking the driver where we're going."

But I'd usually say: "I'm asking to the driver where we're going."

Are both forms correct? Do they have a change in meaning?

EDIT:

By the way, which sentences would be correct with the following verbs?

"I'm giving the driver some money" or "I'm giving to the driver some money"?

"What are you saying the driver?" or "What are you saying to the driver?"?


texts: "movies in English" vs. "English movies"

texts:
In a English classroom, some classmates talks about the tips of learning English, Kenneth says

To practice English, you could watch some English movies.

Should Kenneth say it this way?

To practice English, you could watch some movies in English.

From the Cambridge Dictionary

in or relating to the English language

relating to or from England

Kenneth is trying to go with the first meaning. How should he say?


texts: "Independently of one another" VS " in a state of independence of one another"?

texts:
Similarly, vocal learners may have developed the ability independently of one another. (From the ACT)

What does the prepositional phrase "of one another" function as here? Modifying "independently"? Or something else?
I think it is better to use the noun form of "independently" such as "in a state of independence" or "in independence", thus "of one anther" serving as a complement for "independence."


texts:
"But when you run away from a situation which/when/where/that you should've faced instead, the consequences might be, regret, disappointment, sadness, anger and disapproval from your loved ones."
I can't decide which word fits best after 'situation.' I'm pretty sure 'that' is correct, but what about the other ones?
Lastly, do we use different words depending on the context?


texts: What does "maximum should be at least" mean?

texts:
I found this phrase used in a question in a competitive examination.

  The maximum value of X should be at least ...

("X" and the rest of the question isn't relevant here, so I am omitting it.)

What does this statement mean? It seems inherently inconsistent (How could something be the least and the maximum at the same time?), but I could be wrong.


texts: "What type of cell this tissue made of?"-- is this how to construct the question?

texts:
I just want to know if this sentence structure sounds Ok.

  What type of cell this tissue made of?

I'm suspecting this because I didn't find any sentence like that on Google.


texts:
Is it possible to say "strange" instead of "unusual"?

It's not unusual for people to want to travel.
or
It's not strange for people to want to travel.


texts: A child is lying on the side of a round footstool. Is it correct to say "Be careful! You may roll yourself onto the floor"?

texts:
There is a round footstool with no legs and a child stands the stool up on its side. Then he lies on the side of the footstool as shown in the above picture.
The momentum of the stool may drive the child down onto the floor and he may hurt his head.
Is it correct to say "Be careful! You may roll yourself onto the floor"?


texts: Meaning of the sentence in bold is unclear to me

texts:
We will not [says Socrates] then allow our charges, whom we
  expect to prove good men, being men, to play the parts of
  women and imitate a woman young or old wrangling with
  her husband, defying heaven, loudly boasting, fortunate in
  her own conceit, or involved in misfortune and possessed by
  grief and lamentation – still less a woman that is sick, in
  love, or in labor . . . Nor may they imitate slaves, female and
  male, doing the offices of slaves . . . Nor yet, as it seems, bad
  men who are cowards and who do the opposite of the things
  we just now spoke of [things done by men who are “brave,
  sober, pious, free”], reviling and lampooning one another,
  speaking foul words in their cups or when sober and in other
  ways sinning against themselves and others in word and
  deed after the fashion of such men.

This structure:"Less a woman" is new for me and I don't know what it means and meaning of "Nor" is unclear.

most of the time as I see "nor" comes with "neither".

Could you please make this sentence more clear to me?

This passage is from a book named:"On literature".


texts: Rewrite a future tense sentences with (needs)?

texts:
I have just finished an English exam and there was an rewrite question like this:

  1-His car broke down.He is going to repair it next week.      (needs)

It needs to be rewritten using the word needs and I am not sure what the right answer is. Does anyone know the answer?


texts: What word can be used for a person who expects quick results?

texts: As the title says I want to know a single word that can be used for a person who expects immediate results?


texts: The future progressive without a reference to a particular future time

texts:
The future progressive is common to say that some action will be in progress in a particular future moment.

But what if we don't have an appropriate reference to a particular future time?

I've tried to invent a suitable example, but I can't. Does such construction make any sense at all?


texts: Is 'Ladies center, men sashay, left allemande.' a complete and grammatical sentence?

texts:
Source: https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=B2NRV_X_F8WL8Qe-xpvwDg#q=sashay+meaning

  Ladies center, men sashay, left allemande.

  Roll away with a half sashay, then face your original partner.

These are two separate sentences.

They don't seem like complete sentences to me because they seem to be lacking verbs, e.g. 'Ladies center'.


texts:
Over 2500 years ago,King Okkalapa decided and built
a shrine on Singuttara Hill.

1)A shrine was purposely built on Singuttara Hill by
King Okkalapa over 2500 years ago.

2) A shrine was built on Singuttara Hill over 2500 years
ago with the decision of King Okkalapa.

Which is correct? If not,let me know the correct answer(s).

Thanks in advance.


texts: differentiating between "would like" and "like to"

texts:
I would like to play tennis today
I like to play tennis today

Would you tell me which one you would rather use?


texts: Is a past-tense *when* clause acceptable with a present perfect main clause?

texts:
He has helped me when I was lonely.

Is this past tense ok?


texts: Which book is useful to understand the use of article?

texts: I am always confused with using the articles "a/an/the" and countable/uncountable nouns. Could you suggest some books or workbooks for me to practice?


texts: I want to know the grammatical label for one of the following words in a sentence

texts:
"Swimming is one of the healthiest exercises."

In the above example if SWIMMING is subject please let me know what grammatical label can be given to the word "exercises"


texts:
My non-native English speaking friends and I meet regularly and learn English from one another. At our last meeting, I talked about an amateur hockey player, who is my friend. This is what I said to them.

(ex) To win a special trophy, a player in the local hockey league needs to score at least seventy goals in a season. Over the last five seasons, John scored sixty five or fewer goals per season and marginally missed the mark for a trophy. During the first half of the current season, he managed to score fifty goals. Two months into the second half, he, however, succeeded in scoring the seventh goal to qualify for the trophy. He is expecting to reach an eighty goal mark at the end of the season.

Most of my non-native English speaking friends found a few mistakes. They said that you have to use the present perfect to relate to the phrase "Over the last five seasons". In addition, you have to use the definite article "the trophy" because at the beginning of my first sentence, I have already mentioned "a special trophy". So, the definite article is required to reference it again. Lastly, they said it's wrong to use multiple tenses in my paragraph.

Are the tenses I am using really wrong?


texts: ways to express things happen in the near future

texts:
I want to learn some phrases/ words that used to express the things that will happen in the near future.

For example,

  I am going to visit Japan soon

I know the word recently, but it can only be used for things in the near past right? so what are some of the "future version" of recently?

also, is this sentence valid

  I am going to visit Japan within the next few days


texts: To carpool, what do you call the passenger?

texts: During a carpool, the driver is called the carpooler but I can't find any words for the passengers who share the same car, how can I call them?


texts:
White and Netflix will no doubt bring attention to Cesnik’s murder and the sex abuse cases at Archbishop Keough, but their work hinges on the investigative labor of Gemma Hoskins and Abbie Schaub, two alums of Archbishop Keough who have each spent several years researching Cesnik’s case.

Source: https://www.vox.com/2017/5/20/15643380/the-keepers-netflix-sister-cathy-cesnik-murder-mystery-review

Can you please tell the exact meaning ot the word "alums" in the context of my sentence. The definition (some kind of a mineral) that I have found out does not make much sense to me.


texts:
I want to see how the below sentence will be in Future in the Past

When you have finished your work by the morning, I will be very glad

What if we add "He knew" making all of this Future in the Past

He knew when you had finished your work by the morning, I would be very glad.

Right?


texts: What does "Despite the impression she works hard to convey of bohemian vagueness" mean here?

texts:
I am wondering what "Despite the impression she works
hard to convey of bohemian vagueness" means in the following sentences:

‘How sweet,’ Mum’s saying to Hannah. ‘Five’s a lovely age.’ She’s
certainly doing a very good job of acting interested. ‘And how are
your two, Ronan?’ she calls down the table. I wonder if it is an
intentional slight, not to have included Séverine in her question.
Actually – scrap that, I don’t need to wonder. Despite the
impression she works hard to convey of bohemian vagueness, very
little my mother does is unintentional.

Lucy Foley, The Guest List, Chapter 14

This is a thriller novel published in 2020 in the United Kingdom. One hundred and fifty guests would be gathering at some remote and deserted fictional islet called Inis an Amplóra off the coast of the island of Ireland to celebrate the wedding between Jules (a self-made woman running an online magazine called The Download) and Will (a celebrity appearing in a TV show program called Survive the Night). The day before the actual wedding day, during the rehearsal dinner, Jules sees her mom talking to Hannah. But then, suddenly, her mom begins to talk to her dad, who is divorced from her mom and is re-married to his latest wife Séverine.
In this part, I am finding it difficult to understand what the boldfaced phrase means, because the structure feels to be somewhat tangled to me.
Is it "the impression of"...? Or "convey of"...? And what would "bohemian vagueness" mean...? I have no idea, so I would like to ask for your help.


texts: "A: You are always happy but why are you sad today? B: Because I feel lonely." Does B response properly?

texts:
According to Oxford Dictionary

  feel (linking verb): to experience a particular feeling or emotion

  feel + adj: feel well/sick/happy/sad, etc.

  I am feeling lonely today. (so, we can use continuous tense with feel with this meaning)

But if we say "I feel lonely.", we say that happens regularly.

See this conversation

  A: You are always happy but why are you sad today?

  B: Because I feel lonely.

Does B response properly?

I would say B is using tenses incorrectly.

I would say the best response should be "Because I'm feeling lonely" because I don't feel lonely other days except today.

Am I right?


texts: "I'm never coming here ever again" or "i will never come here ever again"

texts:
I wonder which one is correct to use

  I'm never coming here ever again
  I will never come here ever again

And if both of them is correct which one is more commonly used ?


texts:
The following sentence comes from a well-versed person who gives tutorials on the IELTS test:

  "Firstly, several parallels exist between Harry Potter and other fantasy series you likely have enjoyed. If you liked the setting of The Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter will not disappoint you, as it takes place in a medieval world richly populated by both humans and other forms of intelligence life."

Can anyone illustrate the use of the second comma before "as"? Because I think it shouldn't be there.


texts:
First I need to know if the following sentence is natural or I have to change it?

  Could you send the datasheet within this week?

If it's natural I need to know whether that is the same as the following or not:

  Could you send the datasheet by the end of this week?

Do they mean the same? Do they differ in politeness degree?


texts: The first and (the) second chapter(s) are difficult - which is correct?

texts:
I'm a little confused about the following sentences. Could you please tell me which one(s) is/are correct?

  The first and the second chapter are difficult.
  The first and the second chapters are difficult.
  The first and second chapters are difficult.
  The first and second chapter are difficult.

I believe #1 & #3 are correct, while #2 & #4 are incorrect.

But when seeing the answers to the Quora question "Which one is grammatically correct "The first and the second chapter is very difficult" or "The first and second chapters are very difficult"?", I wonder why they say #2 is correct.


texts:
Although he achieved/ great success/  he couldn't win fame.

This is an error detection question   from last year exam. And answer is No Error.
But neither comma(,) nor yet is used after success. eg:

  Although he is poor yet (or comma) he is honest.

because although is paired with yet or comma (see)

So why no error.

Because yet or comma should be used as-

Although he achieved great success yet he couldn't win fame.

or

Although he achieved great success ,  he couldn't win fame.


texts:
I've watched many videos with different accents about how to read prices but I got confused about the usage of the word "and".

When is it a must? When is it optional? When is it omitted? I would like the answer to be according to the American accent.

Here are some numbers that I would like to read:

$4.85
Is it four dollars AND eighty five cents?

$67.98
Is it sixty seven dollars AND ninety eight cents?

Here's another type of "and":

$123.50
 is it one hundred AND twenty three dollars AND fifty cents?

$1123.50 Is this one thousand one hundred AND twenty three dollars AND fifty cents?

Now, how do you pronounce this?
$345,489.12

**Edit: **

According to comments, I'd like to add the situation. Soon, I'll be a customer service representative (Through phone) for a well-known fast food company. When people ask me about the price, I'll try to say the short version but I know that short versions may lead to confusion (e.g. the funny story in the comments). I would like to learn the full version (especially the word "and") to be able to handle customers that get confused.

Thank you so much,


texts: Alarmist Malthusian fears or alarmist Malthusian fears

texts:
In the following sentence

The projections should be viewed in perspective, considering that alarmist Malthusian fears of inability to provide for more than a billion people on earth did not come true.

I think It should be the alarmist Malthusian fears of......

I do not exactly know the reason but as a rule of thumb in such constructions When an adjective is placed before a noun the definite article the is used


texts:
Are the below sentences are incomplete?

  a) Police arrested the person who killed his brother.

It is unable to understand without context that killing referring to past or present.

That is, would this be better?

  Police arrested the person who (has/had) killed his brother.

Likewise:

  b) Accused interrogated for 2 hours for the murder charges against him.

Here also it is unable to understand that interrogation referring to past or present. Should it be:

  Accused (is/was) interrogated for 2 hours for the murder charges against him.


texts: How to reword "put forward a new criticism"?

texts:
Suppose, somebody made a critical remark. And then another one. According to google I cannot say:

  "He issued a new criticism",

  "He made a new criticism", or

  "He put forward a new criticism".

What is the standard expression?


texts:
Tell me please if be in a coat and have a coat on are equally used and correct. For example:

  I won't get cold as I am in a warm coat.

  I won't get cold as I have a warm coat on.


texts: If I found there is an error in a quote I offered in my previous email, and then l rewrote the right price in a new mail, how to express the receiver should view the price as correct, the price in the previous is wrong.


texts: Why is it v-ing after looking forward to?

texts:
I took an English grammar test and one question was:

  Chen's looking forward ... his new job next week.

There were four choices:  to starting / to start / starting / in starting.

My answer was "to start", because I knew the structure of "looking forward to" and because of the presence of "to", I used the infinitive.

But the answer was "to starting". Why "V-ing" is used in this case? Is there a rule for “to + v-ing”?


texts:
I came across with a question and i did not understand the answer. Someone can help me?

Question : It's quite obvious that whatever you like to call his remarks they are impolite and amount to slander.
Answer: (b) amount


texts:
I've seen "yet" used in place of "but" like:

He was bulky, yet devilishly quick.
You buy yourself golden earrings, yet you cannot afford medicine for your mother!

I'm fairly sure this usage is somewhat archaic, but I never got any hunch just how archaic it is. Would you find it in modern formal speech? Would it sound awkward in common conversation? Does it bear any special connotations different than "but"?


texts: What does the phrase "inspired vegetables" mean?

texts:
Hitchens wrote something in his god is not Great to confuse me again:

  Stalin then pedantically repeated the papal routine of making science conform to dogma, by insisting that the shaman and charlatan Trofim Lysenko had disclosed the key to genetics and promised extra harvests of specially inspired vegetables. (Millions of innocents died of gnawing internal pain as a consequence of this “revelation.”)

I can't figure out what is the exact meaning of inspired here.

Should I consider the meaning given by Oxford Dictionaries, which is:

Of extraordinary quality, as if arising from some external creative impulse

Or should I take the Merraim-Webster definition:

having a particular cause or influence

I don't know if I should consider any meaning(s) other than the above two.

I would appreciate it if anyone could help me out with this.

Thank you very much.


texts: Phrasal verb - stamp something out (definition)

texts:
I have read this, and I read "and stamping out an epidemic that has killed more than 1,000 people and infected more than 40,000."

So, from Cambridge Dictionary I get:

  stamp something out

  — phrasal verb

  to stop or destroy something:

  Source

After read the definition the text makes sense to me which is perfect but... if I isolate those words and look for "stamp" and "out" the text above does not make sense to me. So, I conclude that a phrasal verb is not linked with their isolated words. How is it possible? (I do not if I am right or not).


texts: Curious combination of freedom and self made fences?

texts:
Many friends have said to me that they love New York now in a way they never did before, and their love, I've noticed, takes for its object all the things that used to exasperate them--the curious combination of freedom, self-made fences, and paralyzing preoccupation that the city provides.

I don't know what the author means when he says "curious combination of freedom, self-made fences, and paralyzing preoccupation that the city provides." After he finishes all that, he talks about how his daughter loves bump into her imaginary friend. You can click on the link to see the later part.

link of source: http://www2.newton.k12.ma.us/~Joseph_Golding/FOV1-00043828/FOV1-00046D02/FOV1-0005AEAF/Bumping%20into%20Mr%20Ravioli.doc


texts: Difference between rich, expensive and luxury

texts:
I'd like to say 'some clothes' which makes the person wearing them look very rich.

Then which one is the most suitable?
rich clothes /
expensive clothes /
luxury clothes

I'd like to know the different connotations between them.


texts: How do I find the adverbs in my writing?

texts:
I have to find adverbs in my writing and other students' writing, but I get confused about how to accurately identify just what is the adverb. I have capitalized a piece of writing to show what I think, but I am not optimistic.

  The radiator gurgled as he returned to the letter on his desk. "Day of
  rest; if only…" he murmured. MERCIFULLY not a difficult achievement,
  the sergeant's transfer had been approved and he started 'out west' in
  a fortnight. Excluding promotion, few officers volunteered for
  ANYWHERE too far from the coast, and the superintendent, WHILE
  grateful he COULD deploy such a solid officer, took the time to call
  FIRST and confirm the sergeant's intentions.


texts:
I see both, e.g.,

Developmental rate of fish...
Development rate of fish...

are used to indicate how rapidly fish develop (grow and mature). Are both acceptable or do they mean different things?


texts: "before I got there" or "before I get there"

texts:
Excerpt from Tim Powers' 'The Anubis Gates':

  "How could I know, before I got there, whether or not the world in 2116 is a radioactive cinder?"

Context: Guy1 asked Guy2 why didn't he go to 2116 with his time machine, this is Guy2's answer.

In my opinion, it should have been "How could I know, before I get there, ...", I don't get why it is "before I got there", since sentence continues with Simple Present tense.


texts: What's the meaning of "don't let them get you.'?

texts:
Folks,

http://nypost.com/2017/06/30/trump-scolds-korean-media-for-wreaking-havoc-in-oval-office/

In the above link, there are sentences as follows;

  But then he turned to his South Korean counterpart and said, “It’s
  actually a very friendly press, don’t let them get you, although we
  just lost a table.”

And I cannot clearly understand the meaning of 'don’t let them get you'. Would you please let me know?

Thanks in advance.


texts:
When you red painted the car, you scratched it. (When you painted the car red)
If I hand make something I sell twice the regular price. (If I make something with my hands)
What if I ice freeze the milk, will it last longer? (What if I make milk freese until it becomes ice)

I know what they mean but what are they called?

There's also:

They had to baby sit me all day while my parents where at work.


texts: What are natural ways to say that the kettle I started has just reached a boiling point?

texts:
Let's say I started a kettle and it has just reached a boiling point. And then my friend comes up to the kettle, not knowing it has just boiled the water, to turn it on. What the most natural way to say that the water has just reached a boiling? Which of the following sentences sound the most natural?

  It just boiled.

  I just boiled up.

  It just went off.

  It just turn off.

I would like to know American and British ways to say it.


texts: Use the word "Angus" as an adjective based on the meaning of the name?

texts:
Based on the Oxford dictionary Angus is either a type of beef or an area in Scotland while based on wikipedia it also means one and choice.

I have read in a book of baby names that the name "Angus" means superior and God-like. Is there any solid definition of this word? Does it have the meaning of being powerful as an an informal expression in English literature?


texts:
Sometimes I think it means I love you but sometimes I hear this expression in non-lovely situations.

for example:

  A: Mr. Corlone, I’m really sorry to trouble you, but I need your help.
  B: Anything for you, Charlie! Your father was like a
  brother to me.

two men are talking in this example so this is not a lovely situation or falling in love  :)

another example:

  A: Thank you soo much you're the sweetest.
   B: Anything for you

so what does this expression actually means?


texts: Did I understand the third conditional correctly?

texts:
All of these are sentences I would like write in the Third Conditional:

  1: I would have gone by taxi, if I had had enough money.
      2: He gladly would have taken his children for a walk, if he had been not so busy.
      3: A traffic policeman would have found it sooner or later, if you had parked your car in       the wrong    place.
      4: They would have made so many mistakes, if they had been attentive.
      5: She would have let me know, if she had received.

If I didn't understand correctly, would you please correct me.


texts: "roar with laughter" is American or British? What is meaning of it?


texts: How do we ask about something bad happened?

texts:
How do i ask my friend about her facebook account that disappeared?
Do I say: " what's wrong"?


texts: What word means "to be an indicator of"?

texts:
I am writing a paper and have got a result. This result is very much like what I am trying to prove, so I want to say

  this result is [something] of

I am sure there is a better way of putting it than this result is an indicator of, but I can't quite remember it.


texts: How do English speakers say one is in a spot where they can be easily hit?

texts:
Like one is on the line of sight or line of target but not about weapons.

This sentence:

Don't sit there, you're on the _______ .

Don't sit there, you're _______ .

Suppose a death ray of sunlight passes through a hole in the wall to where one is seated.


texts: Using contrasting words "merit" and "demerit" in a sentence

texts:
The iPad mini seems to have many merits, but you would not find out its demerits until you have used it a lot.

Could I use this sentence in an essay?


texts: Your invoice has been modified [to reflect vs reflecting in] the change to this month's order. Which is correct?

texts:
I'm wondering how to select between "to infinitive or -ing" in sentence properly.

Your invoice has been modified [to reflect vs reflecting in] the change to this month's order

In this sentence, right answer is "to reflect".
But I'm wondering why "reflecting in" cannot be selected.

What if just "reflecting (without "in")"? this can be right answer in that sentence?

I would thank you for your help.

This is a whole paragrah.

Dear Mr.Mulgrew,

As you requested over the phone on 5 November, we checked the monthly order of food supplies you submitted through our Web site on 2 November. As you had noted, the order did indeed include ten jars of mayonnaise more than you had specified. As a result, on 8 November, we addressed this issue, which we acknowledge was our fault. On that date, we deducted ten units from your order. Your invoice has been modified [to reflect vs reflecting in] the change to this month's order, and this has been enclosed with this letter. Please accept our apologies for the error. Your item should arrive by 15 November as you requested.


texts: The state of being read-only: readonlyness / readonliness

texts: This word, spelled readonlyness, is used in the code of a project I'm working on. Readonliness seems to be a more logical spelling, as in ready - readily, beauty - beautiful, lonely - loneliness, etc. The question is, is the spelling with Y a mistake or is it an acceptable variant?


texts: How to ask the following yes-no question?

texts:
The following question is from the book, A Very Wimpy Kid. Lina likes eating. Her boyfriend asked her

  "Is all you think about is food?"

If this is not correct, how about the following one? It seems it is weird to ask like this way.

  "Is all you think about food?"

and also followings are weird to me:

  Is the day after tomorrow the first day of school?

  Is she the chair of the department?

  Is this book yours?

Sometimes, I think followings are more native.

  The day after tomorrow is the first day of school?

  She is the chair of the department?

  This book is yours?


texts: Is It right sentence in terms of grammar?

texts:
In what way can I rewrite the sentence if the sentence isn't right?

  She has never skiied on this mountain.

or

  She has never been skiing on this mountain.

She has never skiing on this mountain


texts: Difference between "per day" and "the day"

texts:
What is the difference between this "the day" and "per day" before?

  It happened per day before this(something).

  It happened the day before this(something).


texts: Why does the i in "naïve" have two dots?

texts:
I have observed that the word naïve is written with two dots on the i. Why is this? Is it correct to write the word with a single dot, as in naive?
Are there any other English words with such two dots?


texts: Why indefinite article is used before adj+"time"

texts:
One person is writing a letter to his friend ,who had recommended this trip to him, about trip and following sentence is from that letter.

We had a fantastic time in South Africa.


texts:
I am writing a thesis in English (AE) and I am uncertain about the use of non and specific nouns, verbs and adjectives.

I have seen the following site:
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/16/images/ch07_tab01.pdf
from a prior question here.

However, applying this on my specific words seems not correct or inconsistent. I am classifying people into complementary groups:

user and nonuser
hedger and nonhedger (at first I wanted to write non-hedgers, but point 4 from the link above and point 1 here convinced me to write nonhedger)
cash flow hedger and non cash flow hedger, non-cash flow hedger, noncash flow hedger, cash flow nonhedger? (here I am pretty confused, the last one seems not right as I am used to write a "non" at the beginning. However, the non-cash or noncash feels a little bit like they don't have cash)

hedge accounter and nonhedge accounter, hedge nonaccounter (nonhedge accounter feels like they account their nonhedges?)
hedge accounting user and hedge accounting nonuser

Furthermore I am unsure if to use 4.1. or 4.2. . They are kinda like made up words, but I would state in the beginning that I classify someone who is not accounting for their hedges as a non hedge accounter..

Hope someone can help me, thank you very much in advance

Edit: Even if you don't know what the right case is, if there even is one, I am still interested in your opinion which version sounds best for you..


texts: Is it correct to write 'spend too much time on social media' or do I have to say 'on social networking websites'?

texts:
Is it correct to write 'spend too much time on social media'（not sure about the preposition) or do I have to say 'on social networking websites'?

When I'm not sure whether it is correct to write something I google it, I googled 'spend time on social media' but looks like no one writes like that.

I wish to write the former because I think social media covers a wider range than the latter, such as some Apps.

Thank you!


texts: Is there a word for the ground next to a spring?

texts: In german I would say "quellig". That means the ground is highly influenced by spring water. There is also a characteristic vegetation at places like this. In english, is there a word for this type of soil - in geological sense?


texts: Which noun does "be nontoxic" describe in this sentence?

texts:
Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants.

How do I know whether "be nontoxic" is used to describe the "these materials (which the biomaterials processed from)" or the "biomaterials"?


texts: Is there a rule for when a demonym can be used as a noun and an adjective?

texts:
A fairly common mistake for English language learners from certain countries is to say something like, "I am a French" or "I am a Spanish", which is incorrect (today you would say "I am French/Spanish" or "I am a French/Spanish person", or to a lesser extent "I am a Frenchman/Spaniard"). However, there are many examples of demonyms whose adjective form can be used as a noun, e.g., "I am an Italian/Iraqi/Russian", but not "I am a French/Chinese/Danish" (well, you can say 'I am a Danish,' but that has an entirely different meaning).

Just from thinking about examples, it seems to me that the rule is:

  If you can form a demonym with -an/-ian/-i/-ite, you may use it as a noun, otherwise, it is only an adjective.

Does this hold in general? Are there notable exceptions to this rule (in either direction)?


texts:
A copy of the Ralph's LP, thought I already ordered it but in case I did not...I haven't found any trace of it.

Is present perfect correct or would past perfect be better here? Because at the time of writing and up to now it is still true.


texts: What does "Now,either way,you'll get flowers the next morning" mean?

texts:
I came across this sentence in the sitcom The Big Bang Theory S11E12 00：02：00. Is it an American culture to send flowers to someone pregnant?
The context is here.

  Stuart：Bernadette still going stir-crazy?
  Howard：Oh, a little. Two months of bed rest. It's kind of rough.
  Raj：Really? That sounds great. How do I get that?
  Leonard：You'd either have to break your hip or let Howard knock you up.
  Penny：Now, either way, you'll get flowers the next morning.


texts: The abbreviations of nonrestrictive adjective clauses

texts:
Regarding restrictive and nonrestrictive adjective clauses, I basically know how to use them.

However, I am kind of curious about the abbreviation usages of nonrestrictive adjective clauses.

For instance:
I know these are right

  She is the girl goofing around last night = she is the girl who goofed around last night

  This is her famous series called Harry Potter = this is her famous series which is called Harry Potter.

They are abbreviations of restrictive adjective clauses.

Then, my question is how the abbreviations of nonrestrictive adjective clauses work.

Do they work like this?
For example:

  This is J. K. Rowling's most successful series, called Harry Potter.

  He is my dad, cleaning the room

  John is my big brother, studying in Physics.

Are them equal to the sentences below?

  This is J. K. Rowling's most successful series, which is called Harry Potter.

  He is my dad, who is cleaning the room

  John is my big brother, who studies in Physics.

Can I just add a comma and a space to abbreviate  nonrestrictive adjective clauses? Or actually, there are no that kind of usages?


texts: Is there any website where I can speak online to volunteers to practice my English pronunciation?

texts: Suppose I'm learning English via the internet. Learning grammar and vocabulary is fine in self-study. However, is there any online resource where I can speak online to volunteers to practice my English pronunciation?


texts: Tense: when they arrived VS when they had arrived

texts:
Which of the following is grammatically correct and why?
1) He and his family had been weary when they arrived the night before, and they had observed but little of the place.

2) He and his family had been weary when they had arrived the night before, and they had observed but little of the place.


texts:
“I’m on my way home.” (John Steinbeck, East of Eden)

Is on my way an adverbial complement; home modifying on my way?


texts: Can anyone give some concrete examples about the difference between notion concept?

texts:
this post claims

  a ‘concept’ is an Epistemological construct and forms the foundation
  of human thought, communication and knowledge

  A ‘Notion’ is a very broad concept that may include anything from a
  personal whim to (vague) impressions, to broad generalized ideas

can anyone give some concrete examples about the difference between notion concept?

is an "apple" (a kind of fruit) a ‘concept’ or a ‘Notion’?

is a "vector" (a mathematical object) a ‘concept’ or a ‘Notion’? I guess it is a notion, but I don't know why


texts: Is the usage of 'alongside' right in, 'I will be studying alongside working.'

texts: Is there another way of saying this? Is, 'I will be studying and working at the same time' a better way of saying it?


texts: What do you think the expression "people who have gone" means?

texts:
I saw this in a book and I thought this expression was not so clear so I wanted to get your input! The context is of a spiritual topic explaining the state of the world:

  "We see the Saints that have lived among us, those of our honored friends and relatives who have made a positive impact on our lives, those people who have gone. Also, those who have left a legacy of godliness and servitude for us to follow."

If the expression "people who have gone" is not clear, please feel free to post as this will help my research. Also if you have any suggestions which can better express the idea I'd love to hear from you.

To put it simply, what does "people who have gone" mean?


texts:
I ran into this:

  And, to top matters off, I just received a Wilderness Society newsletter about impending fracking in the ... region of northern Western ..., a prime and important wilderness area and productive tourism region, along with home to seriously active indigenous communities.  If interested, go to ... on Facebook.


texts: Does the phrase "guest room down the hall" mean a guestroom located at the end of the hall or a guestroom along the hall?


texts:
Can someone verify if the following sentences are grammatically correct?

Your face does not resemble an American's.
Your face does not resemble that of an American's.


texts:
In the book "Native Speaker", there is "This means that you can get drunk, for the sake of building ambience and camaraderie (and for your own taut nerves), but still keep in mind that you haven't done right if you don't eventually bear him home."

Does the bear mean to take or carry so that it means take/carry him home? Does it have the same meaning as in "right to bear arms"?

Is the "bear" expression in this context rare or common?

Thank you very much.


texts:
Is it possible not to use the pronoun "I" when it occurs very often?
For example, there are sentences:

I will have breakfast now. Then I will go for a walk. Then I will go to sleep.

Is it possible to write/speak like this:

I will have breakfast now. Then _ will go for a walk. Then _ will go to sleep.

That is, it is clear that this is about me and I don’t want to use the pronoun "I" too often, because in my language it is not modest and testifies to egocentricity. What about English?


texts:
If you change the first sentence into an indirect speech, which would be the correct sentence?
1 If he had been the boy, he would have said, "That is OK, I will do it."
2 If he had been the boy, he would have said that it is Ok and that he will do it.
3 If he had been the boy, he would have said that it was OK and that he would do it.
4 If he had been the boy, he would have said that it were OK and that he would do it.


texts: I'm reading a book or I've been reading a book? Implying I started some days ago

texts:
I saw a similar question, but I'm not content with the answers, i.e. it's still unclear.
It looks like both options are appropriate here, since for present perfect continuous can be applied to an action that began in the past and continues up to the present; and present continuous can be applied to temporary states: temporary states which are true around the moment of speaking, or to repeated temporary events: actions which are repeated or regular, but which we believe to be temporary.
So whhich tense to choose? And how circumstances, context can influence the choice?


texts: Is "while" a preposition, an adverb or a conjunction in the example sentence?

texts:
In the sentence:

  I will watch while you sleep.

I believe 'while' is an adverb because it is adding information to the verb 'watch' i.e. I'll be doing some action (watching), but the action would be happening while you're sleeping.

Am I thinking right?


texts: Is this sentence complete? "Di Maria is a good player but he isn't a goalscorer, whereas Messi is"

texts:
Di Maria is a good player but he isn't a goalscorer, whereas Messi is.

Is this sentence complete or must I add the implied part at the end of the sentence? ->

  Di Maria is a good player but he isn't a goalscorer, whereas Messi is
  a great goalscorer.

In other words, is "a great scorer" omissible in proper writing?


texts: Is ought a common word in American English?

texts: Are ought and ought to used in American daily speech ? Are these words common in American English? Maybe there is any other alternativs which are being used in American English?


texts: What are the meanings of 'would's in the example?

texts:
“Jeremy Finch, I told you you’d live to regret tearing my camellias.
  You regret it now, don’t you?” Jem would say he certainly
  did. “Thought you could kill my Snow-on-the-Mountain, did you?
  Well, Jessie says the top’s growing back out. Next time you’ll know
  how to do it right, won’t you? You’ll pull it up by the roots, won’t
  you?” Jem would say he certainly would. “Don’t you
  mutter at me, boy! You hold up your head and say yes ma’am. Don’t
  guess you feel like holding it up, though, with your father what he
  is.” Jem’s chin would come up, and he would gaze at Mrs.
  Dubose with a face devoid of resentment. Through the weeks he had
  cultivated an expression of polite and detached interest, which he
  would present to her in answer to her most blood-curding inventions.
  (Harper Lee, To Kill A Mockingbird)

What’s the meaning of ‘would’s in the example?


texts:
Which is the correct way to mention the idea of sudden feeling of heart palpitation:

  My heart started palpitating.
  or
  I felt my heart is palpitating.

I was just describing the journey to a haunted house. So I had to choose any one of the above two sentences. The complete description that I used is as follows:

  We reached late in the evening in the mall. When we reached a shopping store, we just noticed that there was a scary house near that shop. There was a good discount on the tickets of scary house. Thus, I purchased 2 tickets and then I entered the house along with my wife. There they have played loud scary music. Suddenly my heart started palpitating.

So, I know what the word means. I just need to know how to use it so it sounds natural.


texts: What word can I use as an abbreviation of the phrase "in contrast" or "on the contrary" or "directly opposite"?


texts:
Those activities that were popular in the past are no longer filling up. At first he thought it was just a temporary dip, but the trend is downward and has been for some time. This is not just a slow time; there is something fundamentally wrong with the program.

Slow, as far as I know means "not moving, acting, or happening fast" or "happening with delay" or "not clever" when referring to a slow learner. So, generally speaking, it is about low rate of something moving or progressing. However, I cannot understand the meaning slow time in the above paragraph.


texts: Question about "If I'm not mistaken, it's a kind of"

texts:
Is this sentence right?

If I'm not mistaken, it's a kind of a rococo style.

The expression «a kind of» is only used when you're not sure about something, right? If so, is it correct to say «If I'm not mistaken» in the same sentence with «a kind of»? Aren't you repeating yourself?
Rococo style, is an art movement, the sentence is referring to a painting.
Thank you!


texts:
My exercise has a question like this:

  My father learned to drive when he was 16.

Of course, I know this is easy, just a little transformation. But then I thought: "I can not use 'my father has learned to drive since he was 16'", right? I mean, how can a person learns how to drive for, let's said, 20 years. So I wrote on the paper, "My father has driven since he was 16" and it made a perfect sense. But then,  I asked my teacher and she said the first one would be more correct. Yeah, I know I don't have to think about that much, but it really irritating. I'd be grateful if someone answers this question. And by the way, she also said "it is 5 years since I last saw her" but when I watch movies, they always say "it has been 5 years since I last saw her". So which one is correct?


texts:
My mother finally approved of our plan.
  My mother finally approved our plan.

  My parents approved of my marrying girl.
  My parents approved my marrying girl.

Do I need to use "of" or can be discarded ?


texts: Level of "pre education"? Equal to intermediate(FA/Fsc)?

texts: Actually i am applying for MS in hungry and i am filling online application form, i have attached snapshot,What is the Level of pre education?Does it occurs between 10th grade(class) and university degree(bachelor degree)


texts: What is the difference between denied to you and denied you

texts:
I am reading a text and the text say.

"has love been denied you?"

I tried to work it out but it makes no sense to me

Should the text say

Has love been denied to you?

Thanks for the explanation in Advance.


texts: Grammatical Implications in "Opportunity" and "Possibility" Usage

texts:
a.1) You have the opportunity to go to Norfolk next month.
  a.2) *There is the opportunity of your going to Norfolk next month.

  b.1) *You have the possibility to go to Norfolk next month.
  b.2) There is the possibility of your going to Norfolk next month.

How are these two words different in their own usage to refer to future events when they are used in sentences like those shown above?

Searching on Google would prove that a.1) and b.2) are grammatical, but a.2) and b.1) are not. If so, why?


texts: Are these three phrases identical in meaning?

texts:
Watch out for
Look out for (be on the lookout for)
Keep an eye out for

I'm interested in whether these phrases have identical meaning or whether they are different. From most that I've found out, all of them mean "be vigilant and (or) alert".

In which case do we use each of them?

It looks like "watch out for" means "be watchful, or be careful" and "look out for" means "watch and try to find", while "keep an eye out for" means "be alert in order to find". Is this right?


texts: Should I insert an article in this sentence?

texts:
A and B shared a high acoustic parameter, while C shown showed (the) low acoustic parameters.

Should I insert "the" in the place of bracket? To be honest, I am confused by the articles of English (especially definite-articles).


texts: Some words which mean "thinking over something deeply or for a long time "

texts:
I put together some words which generally means thinking over something deeply or for a long time.  I know that we can not use every word in the same sentence just because they have similar meaning.  So I would like to ask you to fill in my sentence with suitable words among them.  Please choose more than one word if possible:

  I have been ................ my son (all day) since he left home for college.
  I have been ................ my  debt.  I owe $10,000, and I will have to pay it by next week, but I don't have enough money.  So I have to find a way.
  I have been ................ my new school project.  I don't know where to start.
  The government .............. how to stop the protests (about raising student fees).

My words:

to ponder
to mull over
to contemplate
to cogitate
to deliberate
to ruminate
to dwell on

and any advice is welcome to help me discern the differences among them.


texts:
I wanted to say:

  it is a hard feeling to stalemate at a winning situation

and since stalemate is not a winning so I wanted to use "a was-winning" to indicate that it was winning before it became a stalemate.

Is that right? What is the best expression to express that meaning?


texts: Difference between “little”, “few”, “a little” and “a few”

texts:
What are the differences among “little”, “few”, “a little” and “a few”?

Are “little” and “few” synonyms?


texts:
I know "I can't stop hiccuping" is natural. But if we have to say that "I stop hiccuping after a while only to start hiccuping again", is it okay to use:

  My hiccups are coming and going.

Is the use of "coming and going" natural?

And if yes, then can "coming" be used to define the present state:

  Hiccups are coming.

If not, then why is this difference?


texts:
Could anyone explain the difference between these two sentences:

In that sense, concerns about the preservation of traditional
knowledge, and the continued way of life of those holding such
knowledge, may be symptomatic of the underlying problems that face
these communities in the face of external pressures.
The concerns about commercial advertising had still not been
addressed successfully.

Why the first sentence has no 'the' before 'concerns', while the second has?


texts: What's the meaning of "Let me worry about it"?

texts:
I've come across the phrase below and I don't understand it's meaning:

  Let me worry about the fees.

So, Coud you please explain it to me?

The main text is here:

  At my next supervision, Professor Steinberg said that when I applied for
  graduate school, he would make sure I was accepted to whatever
  institution I chose. “Have you visited Harvard?” he said. “Or perhaps you
  prefer Cambridge?”
    [...] “I can’t go,” I said. “I can’t pay the fees.”
  “Let me worry about the fees,” Professor Steinberg said.

Educated by Tara Westover


texts:
I read a discussion and see the word "crime bill", can I ask what does it mean?

Suppose a crime bill was passed in 2016 and the number of visible
police on patrol doubled. The goal of the legislation was to reduce
the violent crime rate.


texts: can guilty be replaced by some other word in the following sentence?

texts:
The term "decadent" is often used to describe food that is over-indulgent and rich in flavor; it is usually associated with food that is high in calories and therefore a "guilty pleasure."

more context : http://www.ehow.com/facts_7446719_meaning-decadent-food_.html

Can i replace this phrase with forbidden pleasure or illegal pleasure


texts: Present perfect and past simple in one sentence

texts:
Is it grammatically correct to use present perfect and past simple tense in the following sentence?

  She has been mad at John for five days, as she couldn't go to Paris because of him.


texts: How do I know when to start a word with "r-" or "wr-"?

texts:
How do I know when to spell a word with "r-" or "wr-"?

For example, (wr)ap and (r)ap, (wr)ing and (r)ing.
Both sets have the same R sound but different spellings.

Is there a way of working out which to use, or do I simply have to learn each word?


texts:
Tell me please if need to add an s at the end of the word.

  We are sound and silence, together creating voices and music emerge(s).

It is from this video at 4 minute and 33 second, and the verb without an s. I know that the word music is uncountable, and that is plural, but should it not be treated as singular?


texts: Sentence Construction - The flow of my sentence

texts:
If I say for example:

I took a shower, got dressed and had lunch at 1:00 pm

You guys will think I did these things at all the same time?
How can I improve my sentence, so it won't be misunderstood ?
What I want to say is:

First, I took a shower, then I got dressed and after it I  Had lunch at 1:00 pm

So: Take a shower - 1st event
2- Get dressed - 2ns event
3- Have lunch at 1:00 pm - 3rd action

Should I use past perfect? But how? Feel free to provide me some examples


texts: Need to know if I'm writing the correct sentence.

texts:
I need to know if the sentence is written correctly. This two choices.
1. Let's this year begin.
2. Let's this year begins.


texts: Is the phrase "repeat again" always symmantically wrong when requesting a repetition?

texts:
I just realized that I'm reacting to the following conversation.

A: "I think that xxx and hhh, jkjkj and lpoopik..."
B: "Could you repeat that again, please?"

The reaction I'm getting is due to the fact that repeat that is already symmantically suffient, so the amendment of again is only proper if a previous repetition's already taken place, like so.

A: "I think that xxx and hhh, jkjkj and lpoopik..."
B: "Could you repeat that?"
A: "I said that xxx and hhh, jkjkj and lpoopik..."
B: "Could you repeat that again, please?"

On one hand, I feel there's something to it according to the motivation above. On the other hand, by the same logic, one would be required to reduce repeat that, please to simply repeat, please, since it's implied that the repetition request refers to the statement made.

And since that seems a bitty nitty picky to me, I'm prone to question my reaction by reductio ad absurdum. Advice?


texts:
Consider the scenario -
Where someone tell me I earn this much money per month. And the amount is really huge. So express my surprise

That's insane amount of money.
Is it correct to use insane ?

That's insane

That's awesome

Awesome is something common.
Is there a better way to express...


texts: What does “not the less so" mean in this very complicated sentence?

texts:
I am extremely puzzled by the use and meaning of "not the less so" in this sentence. Does "so" refer to "resigned"? Could anyone help me with it please? Many thanks!

The context is that Collins' proposal has just been refused by Elizabeth.

Here is the sentence:

  Elizabeth passed quietly out of the room, Jane and Kitty followed, but
  Lydia stood her ground, determined to hear all she could. And
  Charlotte, detained first by the civility of Mr. Collins, whose
  enquiries after herself and all her family were very minute, and then
  by a little curiosity, satisfied herself with walking to the window
  and pretending not to hear. In a doleful voice Mrs. Bennet thus began
  the projected conversation, “Oh! Mr. Collins!”

  “My dear madam,” replied he, “let us be for ever silent on this point.
  Far be it from me,” he presently continued in a voice that marked his
  displeasure, “to resent the behaviour of your daughter. Resignation to
  inevitable evils is the duty of us all, the peculiar duty of a young
  man who has been so fortunate as I have been in early preferment. And
  I trust I am resigned. Perhaps not the less so from feeling a doubt
  of my positive happiness had my fair cousin honoured me with her hand,
  for I have often observed that resignation is never so perfect as when
  the blessing denied begins to lose somewhat of its value in our
  estimation. You will not, I hope, consider me as showing any
  disrespect to your family, my dear madam, by thus withdrawing my
  pretensions to your daughter’s favour, without having paid yourself
  and Mr. Bennet the compliment of requesting you to interpose your
  authority in my behalf. My conduct may, I fear, be objectionable in
  having accepted my dismission from your daughter’s lips instead of
  your own. But we are all liable to error. I have certainly meant well
  through the whole affair. My object has been to secure an amiable
  companion for myself, with due consideration for the advantage of all
  your family, and if my manner has been at all reprehensible, I here
  beg leave to apologise.”

  from Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen


texts:
By invading the forest first, weakening the morale of the army and making an inroad from the side after that, we have a higher possibility of victory. Soldier on! By Mark Thompson

Why is it that there is no comma before "and" here?


texts: It is not the case, however, that the XXX can do LLL

texts:
There is a phrase that from an article:

  It is not the case, however, that XXX can always be constructed using
  LLL.

Can I interpret as: XXX can always be constructed using LLL; or XXX can't always be constructed using LLL?


texts: What is the most natural sentence of them?

texts:
Context:My friend was disturbing me by messing around in English class; running, speaking aloud, etc. I told my friend to sit down several times, but he didn’t sit down.

How much did I tell you?
How much should I tell you?
How more should I tell you?

What is the most natural one to English speakers? I think I can be rude because he is my best friend.


texts: What do you call a name that reflects the person's characteristics?

texts: How to translate the Russian phrase 'говорящая фамилия'? It's literally translated as "speaking surname" and refers to last names that reflect the person's quality. For example, if a short man is named "John Little" the last name is a "speaking surname", in Russian terms. It (the adjective) can be used not only with surnames, with any names, basically (of inanimate things as well).


texts:
The famous slogan about the strong and the weak comes, obviously, from the Athenian side of the argument, and its current popularity owes much to the nice balance between the powerful doing 'what they can' and the weak suffering 'what they must' -- as well as that iron law of inevitability (or realism, depending on your point of view) that is introduced by the phrase 'what they must.' But that is not what Thucydides wrote. As Simon Hornblower correctly acknowledges in the third and final volume of his monumental, line-by-line commentary on the whole of Thucydides' History, a more accurate translation is: 'The powerful exact what they can, and the weak have to comply.'
  (Source: Delancyplace.com)

Does this "nice" mean subtle?

Nice has many meanings. So I wondered what it meant.


texts:
Consider the sentenceDid you see the guy in red shirt?

Is it absolutely necessary to specify a shirt or the shirt?


texts: Word or phrase for this personality trait/attitude/situation "if I can't have it no one can"?

texts:
So I don't know if there's a word or short phrase for this scenario or personality trait but examples to help narrow it down. The central premise is sort of "if I can't have it no one can" or "if I have to suffer everybody else must as well".

A story I read from a book I don't remember (I think it was Defining Decade maybe) was a pregnant woman was furious at her husband walking in with junk food (pizza) when she couldn't eat stuff like that. She later noted that it wasn't fair as he was simply making himself feel better by eating something he liked after being stressed and waiting together with the wife through something, and that the celebration flowers happened to unfortunately be delivered after he had come in.

Less similarly from Harry Potter in one of the earlier books (1-3 I think ,but don't remember) fat Dursley kid goes on a diet and as a result everybody in the house goes on a diet together with him, sort of in solidarity.

Even less similarly would be a story about in solidarity somebody's family all shaved their heads because one member had cancer.

It's overall the concept/situation that if one person has to suffer or lack something, everybody else must (arguably needlessly) as well.


texts: Question about the pronunciation rule of the letter G followed by e or i

texts:
In school I was taught that words with the letter G followed by i or e pronounced as [ʤ] as in the words: page, cage, large, gene, giant, giraffe, image, gel, general, gentle, etc.

With time I found many words that are included in the mentioned rule and they are pronounced as  /ɡ/ as if they're not followed by i or e: gift, girl, geek, tigers, gear, get, give, etc.

Can I say that the mentioned rule is mostly correct in English? If I can, then what's the reason for these words to be exceptions?


texts: What's a natural way to say "I am getting familiar with something"

texts:
I am looking for a simple and natural way to express the process of getting familiar with something.

Some options I've been considering include

  I am acquainting myself with something.

  I am getting familiar with something.

  I am getting acquainted with something.

  I am making myself familiar with something.

All the sentences are in Present Progressive because it seems to me like a reasonable way to express a continuing action. Also, I am wondering if Present Simple can be used as well.

Thank you.

Someone voted to close it as primarily opinion-based. Sorry, I didn't get it. I am not asking the "best" way to say it. I would like you to validate my sentences and suggest yours.


texts:
Which one is correct?

He plays games in his laptop.
He plays games at his laptop.
He plays games using his laptop.


texts: "The average teenager’s brain differs from that of an adult. "

texts:
I was wondering if the following sentence is correct:

The average teenager’s brain differs from that of an adult.

Can the place holder "from that of" be used in the sentence above?


texts: Is the phrase "a bottle of water" something a native English speaker would say?

texts:
Consider the following image.

In school, I was taught there are four "bottles of water". Do native English speakers say it that way in everyday life, or would it be better to say "four water bottles"?


texts: Plural pronoun for singular (collective) noun and instead of him/her?

texts:
For example: The government is being flayed for their abysmal performance.

Is this sentence correct? Can we use singular verb "is" and plural "their" simultaneously?

Also, can we use they/them instead of him/her to avoid mentioning specific genders? For example: No one was allowed to see their marks.


texts:
I entered the lift.
I entered into the lift
I entered in the lift
I got in the lift

Which one of those sentences is the most appropriate?

I'd also like to know what is the difference between a lift and elevator ?


texts: difference between "take away" and "abolish"

texts:
What is the difference between "take away" & "abolish"? can they convey the same meaning? I looked up to dictionaries, while didn't get a good result.

  Take away: remove
  Abolish: To do away with; put an end to

for example:

  1.we should take the former rules away.
  2.we should abolish the rules.

does "1" equal to "2"? If not, what is the difference?


texts: Is this sentence 100% correct by using the gerund？

texts:
In this sentence, I would prefer to say to remove instead of the gerund removing.

  The only way to save its life was removing the infected leg.

I can't tell why but just strongly feel it's better to use "to remove". Is my doubt worth supporting?


texts: Why is the adjective for "mutate" not "mutatable"?

texts: The adjective for "mutate" is "mutable", and not "mutatable". I wonder why the last two letters (-te) have been removed before adding "-able" to the end of it. Is there any rule? Any similar adjectives?


texts: Is this 'that' a pronoun or a conjunctive?

texts:
. . . frequently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation, or a hostile
  levity when I realized by some unmistakable sign that an intimate
  revelation was quivering on the horizon; for the intimate revelation
  of young men, or at least the terms in which they express them, are
  usually plagiaristic and marred by obvious suppressions. Reserving
  judgments is a matter of infinite hope. I am still a little afraid of
  missing something if I forget that, as my father snobbishly
  suggested, and I snobbishly repeat, a sense of the fundamental
  decencies is parceled out unequally at birth. (F. Scott Fitzgerald,
  The Great Gatsby)

Is ‘that’ a pronoun that referring to any words or that-clause is a noun clause and object of ‘forget’?


texts: Difference between third-person forms of "go"

texts:
"goes" Third person singular present tense of go.
"goes" Third-person singular simple present indicative form of go.

What is the difference between these parts of speech? Could you provide an example of each?


texts: ESL TEACHER: I have a question re plural forms

texts:
I teach online and was faced with this question today and it really bothered me but I want to see what everyone's opinion was.
Which one is correct:

The price of the school supplies is going up this year
The price of the school supplies are going up this year
The price of pens is going up

I had a B1 learner insist that the correct option is #1 and #3.
what do we think as educators?


texts: What word would you use for "Artificial Intelligence and Humans"?

texts:
My first guess was "Creatures" (I'm not a native speaker), but I have a strange feeling about this word. I also checked "Entities" but for me, it has a mystical meaning that is hidden in the word.
What is your suggestion?

A sample sentence

As much as it can, Artificial Intelligence should ensure that it is at peace with every Creatures it relates with, and Artificial Intelligence should also try to bring peace to its own environment and society.

Candidates

"Intelligent Beings"
"Self Perceiving Beings"
"Self Aware Beings"
"Complex Aware Beings"


texts:
I was reading a post on a website when I ran into this title.

  How's about ye? is a very, very Nor'n Iron expression with which I am
  sure The Great Panjandrum is regularly greeted by his kith and kin.

Source: Wordreference

I don't know what it means and that is okay, but I only want to know what Nor'n is short for in Nor'n Iron?


texts:
I had a conversation with my friend.
Me: Thank you for sending this.
Friend: Nothing.
Me: I have to correct you that your response "nothing" is a kind of Chinglish and a proper one is "you are welcome" or "it is my pleasure".
Question: Regardless of the politeness, is the usage "correct somebody that ..." correct? although I am sure that "tell", "suggest" can be used in that way.


texts:
I think there is some mode with phone such as no-sound, vibration, or sound.
How can I express this mode on natural way.
When phone-rings alarm.
I didn't expect I make any interrupting someone.
I totally forgot to change sound mode to silence
How can I say it?
In this situation, I should have a silence mode to sound mode


texts:
Does "vehicle" usually include airplanes, aircraft or spacecraft?

Or does it mainly refer to wheeled vehicles, boats and ships?

And does "vehicle" include trains?


texts: "I have just peeked...and I spot" is my fix for this sentence correct?

texts:
A friend left a comment in my facebook.
She wrote this:

  I have just peeked your Facebook and I spot your nice photos

I think that she should have written this way:

  I had peeked your Facebook and I spotted your nice photos

Because her spot action should have already finsihed before she left the comment.


texts:
Lately we've been discussing numerous texts at our workplace (a research institute) with a native speaker (British). Those pieces of work are mostly reports, proposals, and scientific papers.

Our teacher/editor claims that the word "collaboration" carries a negative connotation and therefore suggested to not use it. However the term seems - at least to me - to be widely used in scientific context and professional matters.

So the question is whether "collaboration" really sounds negative or not?


texts: I'm a developer, I want to use English to communicate with customers, but I don't speak fluently and with confidence, and my listening skill is very bad. I want to improve my listening skill, I've tried some ways such as: voa special English, 365 crazy, ... however, it seems they are not good for me. Please share your experience, tips to improve my English listening. Thanks so much!


texts:
Are you sad, when no one's close?

Is that question correct?

My question is about the part 'no one is close'. I mean 'when you are alone'. Or should I better say 'no one is close to you'.


texts: What are the differences between indemnity, indemnification and compensation?

texts:
I tried to google them but no luck.
Based on my research, it seems like

indemnity and indemnification are exactly the same?
indemnification is a more general term, including non-money values, but compensation is more specific, usually based on money?

Which term do insurance companies use and why?

Also, how do you use each of them in daily life? Can you give me some sample sentences?

Any help will be appreciated.


texts: "Connected backward" or "connected backwards"

texts:
I have to write this phrase:

  An electric motor is basically a generator connected backwards.

Someone that is not a natural English speaker said the correct is connected backward.

Which one is the correct?


texts: What is the difference between "submit" and "deposit"?

texts: I am trying to find out the difference between "submit" and "deposit" these words are very confusing when you visit to a bank and somebody ask you "what is the purpose of you to come here and you replied that "I came here to submit money" or "I came here to deposit money" out of these two sentences which is correct and why?


texts:
The following sentence is copied from theverge.com:

  "Tesla is reportedly working on a chip to handle all the tasks needed to power the fleet of fully self-driving cars that its CEO Elon Musk promised would be road-ready by 2019. "

I have no much idea about the subject and the verb in this sentence. It seems that there are two verbs dominate this sentence. Specially,  "that its CEO Elon Musk promised would be road-ready by 2019".

In this clause, what is subject of would?


texts: Future Tense: Doing Project which will finish by March

texts:
The project will have already finished by March.
The project will have finished by March.
The project will finish by March.

Now I'm doing it. In March, it will have been completed. It may be completed sooner than March though. Which one is correct and why.

Thank you.


texts: What does it mean - "The flies gets to me"

texts: I often hear about this "The flies gets to me", what does it mean? As far as I reckon this is British slang.


texts: Difference between earlier, recently, and lately

texts:
I am having difficulty in distinguishing between these time words.

For example,

  I ate my meal earlier/recently/lately.

When to use earlier, recently, and lately? What if I've done an action a few minutes ago? What will be the appropriate word?


texts:
I am confused which of these below sentences is correct.

you drink as much Milk as you wish.
you drink milk as much as you wish.


texts: Difference between recite /read/tell a poem

texts:
What should I say to my child?

  Mama, tell/recite/read any poem which you remember or learn.

Please, tell me here which word is more appropriate.


texts: Why is "will" used instead of "would" in "He said he will do everything in his power..."?

texts:
He said he will do everything in his power to make sure the problems is not repeated.

  Source: VOA Standard English, 0516-2013

Why the bold words are not "would" and "were"?

The speaker had said "the problem is" and the source text was written false, so I'm not concerned about that part. I expected "will" had been written "would" as the sentence is an indirect speech.


texts: if you hadn't done this, it would be... or it would have been

texts:
Which one is correct?

If you hadn't done this, it would be this.

or

If you hadn't done this, it would have been that.

I am having trouble with understanding this structure.


texts: Is the meaning of “as much philosophical as it is scientific” the same without “much”?

texts:
I saw this sentence in an article in the New Yorker:

  The question is as much philosophical as it is scientific, since the answer depends on how these terms get defined.

I came up with my own sentence based on this structure:

  You have got to act twice as much extravagant as usual.

Is there not much of a difference with or without "much"?

Can I say, "You are twice as much cute as Sarah"?


texts: Anyone shouts, "give him/her air, everybody" when someone faints. In this case, what does it mean exactly?