

lowerCAmelCase__	   = 8.3_1_4_4_5_9_8



def 					lowerCAmelCase__							(	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:							float	,       SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:							float      )			->      Tuple:




				'''simple docstring'''





				if temperature < 0:
								raise Exception("Temperature cannot be less than 0 K"      )
				if molar_mass <= 0:
								raise Exception("Molar mass cannot be less than or equal to 0 kg/mol"      )
				else:
								return (3 * UNIVERSAL_GAS_CONSTANT * temperature / molar_mass) ** 0.5


if __name__ == "__main__":
	import doctest

	# run doctest
	doctest.testmod()

	# example
	lowerCAmelCase__	   = 3_0_0
	lowerCAmelCase__	   = 2_8
	lowerCAmelCase__	   = rms_speed_of_molecule(temperature, molar_mass)
	print(f"""Vrms of Nitrogen gas at 300 K is {vrms} m/s""")




lowerCAmelCase__	   = """ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"""



def 					lowerCAmelCase__							(	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:							bytes      )			->      bytes:




				'''simple docstring'''





				if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_	,       SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      ):
								A__        =			F'a bytes-like object is required, not \'{data.__class__.__name__}\''
								raise TypeError(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      )

				A__        =			"".join(bin(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      )[2:].zfill(8      ) for byte in data      )

				A__        =			len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      ) % 6 != 0

				if padding_needed:
								# The padding that will be added later
								A__        =			b"=" * ((6 - len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      ) % 6) // 2)

								# Append binary_stream with arbitrary binary digits (0's by default) to make its
								# length a multiple of 6.
								binary_stream += "0" * (6 - len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      ) % 6)
				else:
								A__        =			b""

				# Encode every 6 binary digits to their corresponding Base64 character
				return (
				    "".join(
				        B64_CHARSET[int(binary_stream[index : index + 6]	,       2      )]
				        for index in range(0	,       len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      )	,       6      )      ).encode()
				    + padding
				)



def 					lowerCAmelCase__							(	SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:							str      )			->      bytes:




				'''simple docstring'''





				if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_	,       SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      ) and not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_	,       SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      ):
								A__        =			(
								    "argument should be a bytes-like object or ASCII string, "
								    F'not \'{encoded_data.__class__.__name__}\''
								)
								raise TypeError(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      )

				# In case encoded_data is a bytes-like object, make sure it contains only
				# ASCII characters so we convert it to a string object
				if isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_	,       SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      ):
								try:
												A__        =			encoded_data.decode("utf-8"      )
								except UnicodeDecodeError:
												raise ValueError("base64 encoded data should only contain ASCII characters"      )

				A__        =			encoded_data.count("="      )

				# Check if the encoded string contains non base64 characters
				if padding:
								assert all(
								    char in B64_CHARSET for char in encoded_data[:-padding]      ), "Invalid base64 character(s) found."
				else:
								assert all(
								    char in B64_CHARSET for char in encoded_data      ), "Invalid base64 character(s) found."

				# Check the padding
				assert len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      ) % 4 == 0 and padding < 3, "Incorrect padding"

				if padding:
								# Remove padding if there is one
								A__        =			encoded_data[:-padding]

								A__        =			"".join(
								    bin(B64_CHARSET.index(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      )      )[2:].zfill(6      ) for char in encoded_data      )[: -padding * 2]
				else:
								A__        =			"".join(
								    bin(B64_CHARSET.index(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      )      )[2:].zfill(6      ) for char in encoded_data      )

				A__        =			[
				    int(binary_stream[index : index + 8]	,       2      )
				    for index in range(0	,       len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      )	,       8      )
				]

				return bytes(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      )


if __name__ == "__main__":
	import doctest

	doctest.testmod()

