






'''simple docstring'''







def 		_UpperCAmelCase   (							__A							:   Optional[Any]      ):
				a_		:  Dict											=      0
				while num > 0:
								digit_sum += num % 10
								num //= 10
				return digit_sum





def 		_UpperCAmelCase   (							__A							:   Optional[Any] = 1_00      ):
				a_		:  Union[str, Any]											=      1
				a_		:  List[str]											=      2

				for i in range(2						,		max_n + 1      ):
								a_		:  Union[str, Any]											=      pre_numerator
								a_		:  Optional[Any]											=      2 * i // 3 if i % 3 == 0 else 1
								a_		:  int											=      cur_numerator
								a_		:  Tuple											=      e_cont * pre_numerator + temp

				return sum_digits(_snake_case      )


if __name__ == "__main__":
		print(F"""{solution() = }""")












'''simple docstring'''







from __future__ import annotations





def 		_UpperCAmelCase   (							__A							:   tuple[int, int]						,		__A							:   int      ):
				a_				,			a_		:  List[str]											=      position
				a_		:  Optional[int]											=      [
				    (y + 1, x + 2),
				    (y - 1, x + 2),
				    (y + 1, x - 2),
				    (y - 1, x - 2),
				    (y + 2, x + 1),
				    (y + 2, x - 1),
				    (y - 2, x + 1),
				    (y - 2, x - 1),
				]
				a_		:  Any											=      []

				for position in positions:
								a_				,			a_		:  Dict											=      position
								if 0 <= y_test < n and 0 <= x_test < n:
												permissible_positions.append(__A      )

				return permissible_positions





def 		_UpperCAmelCase   (							__A							:   list[list[int]]      ):
				return not any(elem == 0 for row in board for elem in row      )





def 		_UpperCAmelCase   (							__A							:   list[list[int]]						,		__A							:   tuple[int, int]						,		__A							:   int      ):

				if is_complete(__A      ):
								return True

				for position in get_valid_pos(__A						,		len(__A      )      ):
								a_				,			a_		:  Dict											=      position

								if board[y][x] == 0:
												a_		:  Optional[Any]											=      curr + 1
												if open_knight_tour_helper(__A						,		__A						,		curr + 1      ):
																return True
												a_		:  Tuple											=      0

				return False





def 		_UpperCAmelCase   (							__A							:   int      ):
				a_		:  List[str]											=      [[0 for i in range(__A      )] for j in range(__A      )]

				for i in range(__A      ):
								for j in range(__A      ):
												a_		:  Optional[Any]											=      1
												if open_knight_tour_helper(__A						,		(i, j)						,		1      ):
																return board
												a_		:  Union[str, Any]											=      0

				a_		:  Dict											=      f'Open Kight Tour cannot be performed on a board of size {n}'
				raise ValueError(__A      )


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod()




