



from __future__ import annotations

import queue







class     __lowerCAmelCase					:



			def __init__(		self     :						Tuple				,	A     :						Tuple)     ->					Tuple:



						"""simple docstring"""






						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     data
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     None
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     None





def 							A			(  )       ->				TreeNode:







			'''simple docstring'''
			print('\n********Press N to stop entering at any point of time********\n'					)
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     input('Enter the value of the root node: '					).strip().lower()
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     queue.Queue()
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     TreeNode(int(_UpperCAmelCase					)					)
			q.put(_UpperCAmelCase					)
			while not q.empty():
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     q.get()
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     F"Enter the left node of {node_found.data}: "
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     input(_UpperCAmelCase					).strip().lower() or 'n'
						if check == "n":
									return tree_node
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     TreeNode(int(_UpperCAmelCase					)					)
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     left_node
						q.put(_UpperCAmelCase					)
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     F"Enter the right node of {node_found.data}: "
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     input(_UpperCAmelCase					).strip().lower() or 'n'
						if check == "n":
									return tree_node
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     TreeNode(int(_UpperCAmelCase					)					)
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     right_node
						q.put(_UpperCAmelCase					)
			raise





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     TreeNode					)       ->				None:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if not isinstance(_UpperCAmelCase							,     _UpperCAmelCase					) or not node:
						return
			print(node.data							,     end=','					)
			pre_order(node.left					)
			pre_order(node.right					)





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     TreeNode					)       ->				None:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if not isinstance(_UpperCAmelCase							,     _UpperCAmelCase					) or not node:
						return
			in_order(node.left					)
			print(node.data							,     end=','					)
			in_order(node.right					)





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     TreeNode					)       ->				None:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if not isinstance(_UpperCAmelCase							,     _UpperCAmelCase					) or not node:
						return
			post_order(node.left					)
			post_order(node.right					)
			print(node.data							,     end=','					)





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     TreeNode					)       ->				None:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if not isinstance(_UpperCAmelCase							,     _UpperCAmelCase					) or not node:
						return
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     queue.Queue()
			q.put(_UpperCAmelCase					)
			while not q.empty():
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     q.get()
						print(node_dequeued.data							,     end=','					)
						if node_dequeued.left:
									q.put(node_dequeued.left					)
						if node_dequeued.right:
									q.put(node_dequeued.right					)





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     TreeNode					)       ->				None:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if not isinstance(_UpperCAmelCase							,     _UpperCAmelCase					) or not node:
						return
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     queue.Queue()
			q.put(_UpperCAmelCase					)
			while not q.empty():
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     []
						while not q.empty():
									_UpperCAmelCase	 =     q.get()
									print(node_dequeued.data							,     end=','					)
									if node_dequeued.left:
												list_.append(node_dequeued.left					)
									if node_dequeued.right:
												list_.append(node_dequeued.right					)
						print()
						for node in list_:
									q.put(_UpperCAmelCase					)





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     TreeNode					)       ->				None:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if not isinstance(_UpperCAmelCase							,     _UpperCAmelCase					) or not node:
						return
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     []
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     node
			while n or stack:
						while n:  # start from root node, find its left child
									print(n.data							,     end=','					)
									stack.append(_UpperCAmelCase					)
									_UpperCAmelCase	 =     n.left
						# end of while means current node doesn't have left child
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     stack.pop()
						# start to traverse its right child
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     n.right





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     TreeNode					)       ->				None:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if not isinstance(_UpperCAmelCase							,     _UpperCAmelCase					) or not node:
						return
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     []
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     node
			while n or stack:
						while n:
									stack.append(_UpperCAmelCase					)
									_UpperCAmelCase	 =     n.left
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     stack.pop()
						print(n.data							,     end=','					)
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     n.right





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     TreeNode					)       ->				None:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if not isinstance(_UpperCAmelCase							,     _UpperCAmelCase					) or not node:
						return
			_UpperCAmelCase ,  _UpperCAmelCase	 =     [], []
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     node
			stacka.append(_UpperCAmelCase					)
			while stacka:  # to find the reversed order of post order, store it in stack2
						_UpperCAmelCase	 =     stacka.pop()
						if n.left:
									stacka.append(n.left					)
						if n.right:
									stacka.append(n.right					)
						stacka.append(_UpperCAmelCase					)
			while stacka:  # pop up from stack2 will be the post order
						print(stacka.pop().data							,     end=','					)





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     str = ""							,     _UpperCAmelCase       :     Optional[Any]=50							,     _UpperCAmelCase       :     List[Any]="*"					)       ->				str:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if not s:
						return "\n" + width * char
			_UpperCAmelCase ,  _UpperCAmelCase	 =     divmod(width - len(_UpperCAmelCase					) - 2							,     2					)
			return F"{left * char} {s} {(left + extra) * char}"


if __name__ == "__main__":
							import doctest

							doctest.testmod()
							print(prompt("Binary Tree Traversals"))

							UpperCAmelCase__     = build_tree()
							print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal"))
							pre_order(node)
							print(prompt() + "\n")

							print(prompt("In Order Traversal"))
							in_order(node)
							print(prompt() + "\n")

							print(prompt("Post Order Traversal"))
							post_order(node)
							print(prompt() + "\n")

							print(prompt("Level Order Traversal"))
							level_order(node)
							print(prompt() + "\n")

							print(prompt("Actual Level Order Traversal"))
							level_order_actual(node)
							print("*" * 50 + "\n")

							print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
							pre_order_iter(node)
							print(prompt() + "\n")

							print(prompt("In Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
							in_order_iter(node)
							print(prompt() + "\n")

							print(prompt("Post Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
							post_order_iter(node)
							print(prompt())





def 							A			(  _UpperCAmelCase       :     int							,     _UpperCAmelCase       :     int					)       ->				str:







			'''simple docstring'''
			if a < 0 or b < 0:
						raise ValueError('the value of both inputs must be positive'					)

			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     str(bin(_UpperCAmelCase					)					)[2:]  # remove the leading "0b"
			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     str(bin(_UpperCAmelCase					)					)[2:]  # remove the leading "0b"

			_UpperCAmelCase	 =     max(len(_UpperCAmelCase					)							,     len(_UpperCAmelCase					)					)

			return "0b" + "".join(
			    str(int(char_a != char_b					)					)
			    for char_a, char_b in zip(a_binary.zfill(_UpperCAmelCase					)							,     b_binary.zfill(_UpperCAmelCase					)					)					)


if __name__ == "__main__":
							import doctest

							doctest.testmod()
