@jptolosa

Why would tertiary be the highest classification that can be used in the Fildes Peninsula?

"A reasonable solution can be using tertiary to join aerodrome with Villa Las Estrellas and using unclassified to connect Villa Las Estrellas with the bases that depending of the village."

I disagree with this based on the text in the wiki about highway=* assumptions, particularly this part: "In a region with poor infrastructure, a road of highest importance, forming the main road network there, should be highway=trunk, regardless of being a high-quality wide asphalt road or a low-quality narrow track worse than highway=service in other regions." These roads constitute the region's main network and are vital for its functioning, so their classification should not be so low.

For comparison, the Norwegian Arctic island of Svalbard has about 2,600 inhabitants, one airport and one larger town (Longyearbyen) of 2,100 inhabitants. A highway=primary road connects the town to the airport. The winter population in the Fildes Peninsula is about 115 people based (from COMNAP's 2017 Arctic Station Catalogue, referenced in Wikipedia), or about 1 order of magnitude below that of Svalbard, so it makes sense to use highway=secondary for an analogous connection. A highway=secondary way connects Longyearbyen it with the small Nybyen suburb which is similar in size (number of buildings) to Artigas Base and Great Wall Station, so again it makes sense to use highway=secondary for these analogous connections.

"The nearby bases have little or zero permanent population."

If permanent population becomes a criterion in Antarctica, then there will be no Antarctic roads with a class higher than highway=unclassified. McMurdo Station has a wintering population of 153 people and Amundsen-Scott Station has a wintering population of 49 and neither have permanent residents, yet there is little doubt that the South Pole Traverse, the most important (ice) road in Antarctica, should be displayed very prominently on the map.

Many local communities have adapted their thresholds for classifying sparsely populated places. Several local communities employ highway classification systems based on place hierarchy. And some even allow these population thresholds to vary across the country's territory, in order to achieve a more sensible and useful highway classification. Advocating for applying some sort of worldwide default population threshold to the sparse regions of Antarctica would go against what several local communities have done in the sparse regions of their own countries.