Wikipedia does have an article on collector roads—when referring to the street type (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collector_road) and an article about the local/express highway configuration, which does cover collector/distributor lanes within it (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%E2%80%93express_lanes) (note that information won't be 1:1 with OSM classification criteria, but the info should be enough to give a general idea).

The best way of identifying these kinds of roads would probably be just through personal judgement. A narrower frontage-road like roadway that parallels the mainline freeway and links close-together interchanges to the main carriageways of the freeway can be assumed to be a collector-distributor lane and thus a type of long exit ramp rather than a separate freeway or a traditional frontage road.

The alternative would be to check official government maps. Not the TIGER-sourced background layers used you may find in an ArcGIS map, but a source that manually adds the roads like the CC OpenWeb, which labels these sort of roads as ramps in the Assessor Map layer.