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null | Record companies have been blamed for unfair practices, like DRM, “milking” artists (see opposition argument 3), or suing individual downloaders for unfair damages. But record companies also have a very positive role to play: they scout every day for new talent, and offer training and production studios for up-and-comi... | validation-science-cihbdmwpm-con02b | |
null | People have enough means to protect their careers Whistleblowers shouldn’t be protected by internet anonymity, but by legal measures, making it illegal to fire people for whistleblowing, and by building a corporate culture that actually ‘prevents whistleblowing by encouraging it’. [1] In the case of job applications,... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-pro02b | |
null | Internet anonymity allows people to speak the truth without fearing harm to their careers People might do things online that can have negative consequences for their career. Think of ‘whistleblowers’ for example: whistleblowers are employees of a company that have direct and first-hand knowledge of their employer doin... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-pro02a | |
null | Internet anonymity can actually make online non-heteronormative communities less safe Internet anonymity allows people to ‘catfish’: to create a completely different online identity with the specific purpose of engaging in emotional/romantic relationships. In the case of non-heteronormative identities, a malicious ‘ca... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-pro03b | |
null | Internet anonymity enables citizens to exercise their right to free speech Citizens have a right to speak their mind without government interference – which is why in the offline world people also have a right to speak anonymously. [1] Internet anonymity guarantees that people can actually exercise their right to free... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-pro01a | |
null | Internet anonymity isn’t necessary to exercise citizen’s right to free speech Even when we accept the theoretical principle of free speech, the past years have shown that internet anonymity is not necessary for citizens to exercise their right to free speech. First, look at ‘access to the internet’ as a prime factor,... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-pro01b | |
null | Internet anonymity allows people to experiment and construct with new social identities People can use the internet to experiment with and construct new identities. Think for example of people who don’t have a heteronormative lifestyle (where heterosexuality is considered the norm/default lifestyle): in their own comm... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-pro03a | |
null | Banning internet anonymity wouldn’t decrease cyberbullying and trolling Cyberbullying is bad, but internet anonymity isn’t the cause of rising suicides - cyberbullying is a circumstantial factor that triggers deeper, underlying problems in its victims. [1] Actually, banning internet anonymity can increase cyberbullyin... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-con03b | |
null | Banning internet anonymity doesn’t decrease illegal activities Full traceability across the entire internet is difficult to implement: it would require a centralized worldwide agency certifying who has access to the internet – we don’t even have this for physical passports. But even if activities would be traceable to... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-con01b | |
null | Internet anonymity leads to spam Internet anonymity is a boon for spammers: even though spamming (sending unsolicited mass-emails) is illegal in many countries, the ability to send emails anonymously, either through altering the ‘sent-from’ address in the email or by opening and immediately closing an email address, e... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-con02a | |
null | Internet anonymity increases cyberbullying and trolling In normal social life, people restrain themselves in what they say to others. When anonymously online, people behave differently: whatever they say and do can be said and done without consequence, because it isn’t traceable to them as persons, or, as comic artist... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-con03a | |
null | Internet anonymity allows internet users to engage in illegal activities The internet is being used for illegal activities. Examples of these are trading and trafficking in child pornography, drug trading and planning and coordinating terrorist activities. [1] Anonymity makes it easier for these criminals as they can ... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-con01a | |
null | Regulating the internet doesn’t stop spamming Restricting internet traffic by blocking ports doesn’t reduce spam at all: spam networks will be able to find another means of sending mass-emails within hours, if not seconds. [1] But there’s another consequence of regulating internet traffic this way: it makes internet ... | validation-science-ihbrapisbpl-con02b | |
null | Mobile phones may help us keep in touch over long distances which is useful. However some doctors are concerned that keeping in touch by mobile phone comes at the cost of less face to face talking. When communicating by text message we are losing many parts of communication such as facial expression | validation-science-cpecshmpj-pro02b | |
null | Mobile phones enable us to keep in touch Mobile communication is very useful and its main use is not to keep us safe but to make life easier. It is clearly useful that we can phone to ask to be picked up rather than always having to set a meeting time in advance. It is equally useful that a mobile phone can tell us if... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-pro02a | |
null | These are certainly good things but we don’t need mobile phones for them. For example most people already have access to the internet. It is also not a good reason for why everyone should have one. If it is being used for learning phones can be used by more than one person. | validation-science-cpecshmpj-pro03b | |
null | Mobile phones make sure that we are safe Mobile phones mean we are never out of contact with our friends, parents, guardians, or if necessary our school. They provide a way we can quickly contact someone if we are in trouble or are lost. Mobiles are most clearly helpful if caught in a large scale disaster such as a fl... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-pro01a | |
null | Phones are certainly a useful tool in helping to keep in contact so can be useful if you get into trouble. But they don’t always help because they don’t always keep us in contact. There are many reasons why a mobile may be useless. There may be no signal. Or the phone may have been turned off. Or the battery may have r... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-pro01b | |
null | Increased independence for children is not always a good thing. Children should be supervised by adults and mobile phones are no substitute for this. Mobiles simply provide us with another means of communication with the outside world over which parents has little control. This is particularly relevant when the phone h... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-pro04b | |
null | Mobile phones help us to learn Having a mobile phone helps us to learn in a lot of different ways. First we learn about technology; about how to use the mobile phone. Second most phones today have apps (programs) to enable learning using the phone, or else through the internet. Phones can access online courses and les... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-pro03a | |
null | Mobile phones lead to increased independence Mobile phones bring us increased independence. Being able to use a mobile phone is clearly a basic skill to allow children to be independent. It means that they are not dependent on an adult being with them for parents to know where they are. The main reason for parents bei... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-pro04a | |
null | No research has shown health risks. The advice is only because we do not yet know the long term results. As studies continue for longer this final worry will also be ended. | validation-science-cpecshmpj-con03b | |
null | Mobiles are not always a distraction. Research has shown that when allowed the use of mobile phones in school children do get better results. This is because it can increase motivation to work. For example, phones can be used to set reminders to do homework. | validation-science-cpecshmpj-con01b | |
null | We should not be encouraging interest in material things Mobile phones are a part of a desire to keep up with fashion and friends. We all want the biggest and the best. Mobile phone companies know this and regularly bring out flashy new models that are immediately the one everyone must have. The more children have mob... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-con02a | |
null | Mobile phones are expensive Mobile phones are expensive. First there is the cost of buying the phone. Then there are all the charges for using it. Often there are more charges for downloading apps and other extras. Sometimes we go over the limits of our call time or data allowance and are charged extra. Finally there ... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-con04a | |
null | There are possible safety concerns When mobile phones first came out there was a lot of worry about the possible effect on children’s health. We now know there is little risk. But the advice from health experts is still that children should avoid too much use of mobiles. Experts still worry that the use of mobiles cou... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-con03a | |
null | Mobile phones distracting Mobile phones can easily distract us. They can be a particular problem in schools where they discourage us and those around us from working. Using a mobile phone while doing a piece of work will reduce your concentration making it more likely you will make mistakes. Mobile phones, like video ... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-con01a | |
null | The expense clearly depends on the kind of phone and how much it is used. Parents clearly have control over these costs; they decide on the deal that their child is on. The parents can then make sure there is little chance of their children running up large bills. | validation-science-cpecshmpj-con04b | |
null | Something being a luxury does not mean it is not something everyone should have. The effect on the planet is minimal and can be reduced if we recycle any phones that we are going to throw away. It would certainly best for the planet if we did not keep buying upgrades but this is not necessary for every child to have a ... | validation-science-cpecshmpj-con02b | |
null | First off, it is quite possible the gender ratio imbalance is not as large in China as it is thought to be because many families do not register their female children in order to circumnavigate the one-child policy. Proposition thinks that trafficking will decrease under their policy. We would argue that it would incr... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-pro02b | |
null | The policy will help alleviate the social problems arising from the imbalance A balanced gender ratio allows that every man has a woman to marry – theoretically of course as not every individual wants to marry and not every individual is heterosexual. The majority of men and women do want to get married. In China, men... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-pro02a | |
null | We agree that a policy to ban abortion is not conducive to the encouragement of women’s rights. We would argue, however, that more rigorous policing of prenatal gender determination could be effective. For example, an amnesty could be issued for handing in of illegally used ultrasound devices, possibly even with a fina... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-pro03b | |
null | Gender equality Men and women deserve to enjoy equal rights. In China and India women do not enjoy equal rights. By encouraging couples to produce girls we contribute to the resolution of two problems. Female children are likely to be treated poorly in comparison their brothers. They may be given smaller quantities of... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-pro01a | |
null | The shortage of women in China has a positive effect on gender equality because there is a shortage of women and men therefore have to compete for romantic attention. Women can afford to be picky. “Many Chinese women place high value on a husband with money and stability. In a now famous moment from a Chinese dating sh... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-pro01b | |
null | We do not disagree that abortion is a generally undesirable thing. Even those who believe that abortion is ethical feel it would be preferable not to have an unwanted pregnancy in the first place. It may be very distressing for mothers if they have not made an autonomous choice to go through with the abortion but the p... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-pro04b | |
null | Ineffectiveness of alternatives One possible alternative to our possibly is to better police prenatal sex determination. This is highly unfeasible. In 1982 the Chinese government distributed masses of small, light ultrasound devices to ensure that women who’d already had one child were either sterilized or continuing ... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-pro03a | |
null | Abortion It is estimated that around 10 million female foetuses were aborted in the past 20 years in India. [1] These abortions were motivated by cultural and financial reasons discussed above e.g. dowry, parents fear that daughters can’t care for them in old age, need to continue male lineage. Regardless of what one ... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-pro04a | |
null | Whilst the Indian government may have policies that empower women, they do not currently have programs that encourage more female children to be born. Thus, there is a reason to fund both of these independent programmes. This is an investment in creating a socially stable society in the long-run. The benefits of educat... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con03b | |
null | Our policy provides far more than these existing programmes (which are, we could mention, exclusive to India). By offering parents of females an annual lifelong pension we remove the fear that their female children will not support them in their old age. This will certainly encourage parents whose primary goal in repro... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con01b | |
null | Commodifying women. Surely providing a financial incentive for families to produce women causes women to be likened to a product that needs to be manufactured. Families will continue to have a social stigma against female children and they will be viewed simply as a financial asset. This is not only bad for women in g... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con02a | |
null | Autonomy (Please note that this argument cannot be run in conjunction with argument four as they are contradictory) 42% of the Indian population is under the international poverty line and it is they that contribute the most to imbalanced sex ratio due to economic concerns. [1] Offering a financial incentive for peopl... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con05a | |
null | Financial incentives do not break down cultural bias The reason why there is a bias towards male children in India is cultural. When women get married in India they become a part of their husband’s family and a dowry must be paid. As one Hindu saying goes, "Raising a daughter is like watering your neighbours’ garden."... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con04a | |
null | The proposition policy will interfere with current government policies Prop's plan is not only redundant with some current government programs but is also wasteful of worthwhile government funds. For example, the plan pays for the education of young girls up through the high school level. This is targeting a problem t... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con03a | |
null | It is ridiculous to say that a decision based on a financial incentive is not an autonomous decision. We allow poor people to make the decision to take on a job or sell items that they own even though these decisions are incentivised by money. We still regard these decisions as autonomous. Furthermore we do believe tha... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con05b | |
null | Ineffectiveness The policy will be ineffective in two ways. Firstly it will not even achieve the goal of a balanced gender ratio but secondly, even if it did, it will not reduce the divide between men and women and make women a more valued part of society. 1. How does this plan offer advantages to the families of gir... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con01a | |
null | The German example is incomparable to the countries we are discussing. It’s most likely the case that the policy in Germany did not work because the population is too wealthy to be motivated by a financial incentive. Germany is a developed country with GDP per capita 40,874 US dollar and a “luxury” state welfare syste... | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con04b | |
null | Encouraging families to have female children at least gives people a reason to value females at all, even if this is merely a financial value. In the current scenario women are not valuable in any sense. They are valued so little that their lives are ended without a flinch when they are only infants. | validation-society-gfhbcimrst-con02b | |
null | Western nations are not as powerful as they would like to think. Their “soft power” cannot propagate norms as effectively as they would like to think. The dominance of Western countries in institutions does not put them in a place of great influence, but rather puts them in a place to be accused of imperialism and expl... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-pro02b | |
null | This policy of asylum pressures governments to reform discriminatory laws This will help change practices of sexuality-discrimination in nations across the world. One of the most effective ways to engage the international community on swift action to protect certain rights is to make a clear, bold statement against a... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-pro02a | |
null | As explained in counterargument two, it is highly unlikely that countries will craft policy based on the preaching of the West. Moreover, it becomes increasingly unlikely that countries will be receptive to discussions on liberalization of their policies on sexual orientation when the West outright condemns their view... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-pro03b | |
null | The LGBT community fulfills the basic principles and purposes of asylum The LGBT community fulfills the most basic principles and purposes of the concept of asylum. Asylum was created as a direct protection of Article 14 of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR) 1948 [1] which states that “Everyone ha... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-pro01a | |
null | There has yet to be an international consensus forged around LGBT rights and state treatment of sexual orientation. Many countries around the world are not secular Western Liberal Democracies and operate on a completely different moral standard than the West does. Many religions, and in fact state religions, do not re... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-pro01b | |
null | This policy of asylum helps manufacture global consensus on the protection of the LGBT community Global consensus on progressive rights for the LGBT community will be aided through this policy. One of the most powerful weapons in the international community’s arsenal is the soft power of condemnation. One of the most... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-pro03a | |
null | As explained in counterargument two, the rationale behind this form of discrimination is nonnegotiable and absolutist due to its religious/moral nature. Consensus-building will not happen in the near future on this issue and even if the potentiality of social acceptance of the LGBT community was in the not-so-distant f... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-con03b | |
null | Insofar as asylum exists, there is therefore a situation where the opposition would consider it okay to impede on sovereignty for a purpose of protection of individuals. The question is therefore about not if sovereignty can be infringed upon, but rather if this situation fits the criteria to do so. The banning of hom... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-con01b | |
null | This policy breaks down important inter-governmental dialogue on LGBT rights This policy damages international discourse and progress in LGBT rights. This policy makes it very unlikely that governments will be willing or receptive to discussions on liberalization of their LGBT laws and policies. Discourse and comprom... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-con02a | |
null | Asylum is not the best way of dealing with discrimination against LGBT people. The vast majority of LGBT people who are discriminated or harassed on the grounds of their sexual orientation will never have a chance to claim asylum. Poor people from Africa or India may never be able to afford transport to countries that... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-con04a | |
null | This policy undermines the grassroots movements that are necessary for full and sustained protection of the LGBT community Lasting change to anti-homosexual attitudes will only happen from the ground-up. This hinders the ability of governments to engineer more accepting attitudes toward the LGBT community. Even if yo... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-con03a | |
null | This policy is an illegitimate breach of national sovereignty Asylum is a concept reserved for the direst cases of political persecution of individuals. It was created as a last resort protection mechanism for people being unlawfully or unjustly pursued by their home country when no other form of protection will work ... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-con01a | |
null | International discourse on this issue has not been working. When society is the one persecuting the LGBT community, the governments have plausible deniability in the matter and thus can skirt their responsibility in negotiations. This means that all talk and “dialogue” is meaningless as the government’s can claim a la... | validation-society-gihbsosbcg-con02b | |
null | Whilst it is important for people to remember the terrible troubles people have surviving in very poor countries, we must also remember that direct sponsorship is perhaps not the best way to help people out of poverty - there are a lot of downsides [7]. Would it not be better to hear of how an entire community was impr... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-pro02b | |
null | Child sponsorship brings about greater understanding between people from different countries and cultures. Personal letters, charity reports, photographs and even visits help to build a bridge between the developed and developing world[5]. More and more people are able to talk to each other around the world, and it is... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-pro02a | |
null | The problem once with this form of giving is that it only provides for a single child, not an entire community - this is why many organisations refuse to offer single child adoption, and instead spend the money they receive on developing poor places for everyone that lives there [10]. By sponsoring a child rather than ... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-pro03b | |
null | Sponsorship is better than other kinds of charity because it is a long term commitment. Over the years $30 a month, or perhaps even more, adds up to thousands of dollars’ worth of aid spending - this is different to other forms of charity because the main focus here is on “long-term changes"[2]. Unlike a one-off donat... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-pro01a | |
null | The long term nature of sponsorship implies that it does not fix the problems that cause poverty. Instead, many argue it can create dependency[3], meaning that the child and family will come to rely on their sponsor. This may discourage them from using their own efforts to escape poverty. For example, even if leaving t... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-pro01b | |
null | People should not need this kind of “feel good factor” in order to give to charity – it is very selfish. People all over the world need help from richer people, and instead of helping just one they have the ability to help many. By focusing in on one single example, people may also get a very narrow view of life in poo... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-pro04b | |
null | Sponsorship also contributes to all aspects of life. This includes drinking water, food, education, medical care, shelter and sanitation - often charitable donations are more specific (they only provide for one of these aspects of life). By putting children at the heart of charity programs it is hoped that a stronger ... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-pro03a | |
null | Sponsorship is a good way of getting people who otherwise wouldn't give to charity to donate their money. Unlike most other forms of charity, sponsorship creates a direct link between the person giving money and the person receiving it. People are able to see the ways in which their money is helping others, and this m... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-pro04a | |
null | In an ideal world it would be easy to say that charities should not try to change the religions and cultures of poor people, but given the dire nature of the situation for the poorest people in the world, surely we do not have the luxury to argue over what ideas should or should not be given to these people. Is it not ... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-con03b | |
null | Stories about ridiculous administration costs are not only rare but are often untrue. For example, in the case of one of the largest sponsorship organisations - World Vision - “Of the funds given in 2010, 81.1 per cent went directly into programs that help children, 13.9 per cent went to fundraising services, 5.0 per c... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-con01b | |
null | We need to address the causes of poverty rather than treat the symptoms (outward signs). There are better ways to help people. Helping single children, or even villages, treats the symptoms of poverty - it makes life better for a small minority. It does little to address the actual causes of poverty such as war, uncle... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-con02a | |
null | Sponsorship is often more about the intentions of the donors rather than the needs of poor children. Some schemes have a clear cultural and religious motive – a desire to give aid in such a way that it will affect and even impose (force) foreign ideas onto a vulnerable (weaker) society. Any organisation that has such ... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-con03a | |
null | Sponsorship is an inefficient way of giving to charity. Sponsoring a child is a costly way to do good. More of the money given is taken up with administration (organising) compared to other ways of helping poor people, and although the cost of this administration varies greatly but often as much as 20% of the money do... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-con01a | |
null | Many of the organisations that run child sponsorship schemes are dedicated to improving all of these aspects of life – indeed the way in which these schemes focus on the improvement of a specific area or community make it perhaps a more complete way of giving money to the poor. Charities can hardly be expected to incit... | validation-society-fyhwscdcj-con02b |
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