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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia American journalist and civil rights activist (1862–1931) For the American lawyer, see Ida V. Wells . Ida B. Wells Wells, c. 1893 Born Ida Bell Wells ( 1862-07-16 ) July 16, 1862 Holly Springs, Mississippi , U.S. Died March 25, 1931 (1931-03-25) (aged 68) Chicago, Illinois , U.S. Burial place Oak Woods Cemetery Other names Ida B. Wells-Barnett Iola (pen name) Education Rust College Fisk University LeMoyne-Owen College Occupations Civil rights and women's rights activist | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.7 | 0.71 | [] | 512 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132063 | [
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cupations Civil rights and women's rights activist journalist and newspaper editor teacher Political party Republican Other political affiliations Independent (1930) Spouse Ferdinand L. Barnett ( m. 1895) Children 4, including Alfreda Duster Ida Bell Wells-Barnett (July 16, 1862 – March 25, 1931) was an American investigative journalist , sociologist , educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.923 | 0.826 | ["leadership"] | 418 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132207 | [
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, and early leader in the civil rights movement . She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). [ 1 ] Wells dedicated her career to combating prejudice and violence, and advocating for African-American equality—especially for women. [ 2 ] Throughout the 1890s, Wells documented lynching of African-Americans in the United States in articles and through pamphlets such as Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its Phases and The Red Record , which debunked th | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.895 | 0.868 | ["leadership", "career"] | 512 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132261 | [
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its Phases and The Red Record , which debunked the fallacy frequently voiced by whites at the time – that all Black lynching victims were guilty of crimes. Wells exposed the brutality of lynching, and analyzed its sociology, arguing that whites used lynching to terrorize African Americans in the South because they represented economic and political competition—and thus a threat of loss of power—for whites. She aimed to demonstrate the truth about this violence and advocate for measures to stop it. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.7 | 0.862 | [] | 502 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132303 | [
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is violence and advocate for measures to stop it. [ 3 ] Wells was born into slavery in Holly Springs, Mississippi . She was freed as an infant under the Emancipation Proclamation , when Union Army troops captured Holly Springs. At the age of 14, [ 4 ] she lost both her parents and her infant brother in the 1878 yellow fever epidemic . She got a job teaching and kept the rest of the family together with the help of her grandmother, later moving with some of her siblings to Memphis, Tennessee . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.699 | 0.888 | ["career"] | 497 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132331 | [
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with some of her siblings to Memphis, Tennessee . Soon, Wells co-owned and wrote for the Memphis Free Speech and Headlight newspaper, where her reporting covered incidents of racial segregation and inequality. Eventually, her investigative journalism was carried nationally in Black-owned newspapers . Subjected to continued threats and criminal violence, including when a white mob destroyed her newspaper office and presses, Wells left Memphis for Chicago , Illinois . She married Ferdinand L. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.999 | 0.846 | [] | 495 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132353 | [
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for Chicago , Illinois . She married Ferdinand L. Barnett in 1895 and had a family while continuing her work writing, speaking, and organizing for civil rights and the women's movement for the rest of her life. Wells was outspoken regarding her beliefs as a Black female activist and faced regular public disapproval, sometimes including from other leaders within the civil rights movement and the women's suffrage movement . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.92 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "communication"] | 425 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132383 | [
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ghts movement and the women's suffrage movement . She was active in women's rights and the women's suffrage movement, establishing several notable women's organizations. A skilled and persuasive speaker, Wells traveled nationally and internationally on lecture tours. [ 5 ] Wells died on March 25, 1931, in Chicago, and in 2020 was posthumously honored with a Pulitzer Prize special citation "for her outstanding and courageous reporting on the horrific and vicious violence against African Americans during the | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.7 | 0.854 | [] | 511 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132415 | [
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ous violence against African Americans during the era of lynching." [ 6 ] Early life [ edit ] The Bolling–Gatewood House . The Wells family lived in slave quarters located behind the house of Spires Boling while enslaved to him, now a museum focused on Wells Ida Bell Wells was born on the Boling Farm near Holly Springs, Mississippi . [ 7 ] Born on July 16, 1862, Ida Wells was the first child of James Madison Wells (1840–1878) and Elizabeth "Lizzie" (Warrenton). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.693 | 0.866 | [] | 465 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132441 | [
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s (1840–1878) and Elizabeth "Lizzie" (Warrenton). James Wells was born to an enslaved woman named Peggy and Peggy's white enslaver, thus he was enslaved under the doctrine of partus sequitur ventrem . When James was 18, his father brought him to Holly Springs, hiring him out as a carpenter's apprentice to architect Spires Boling , with James's wages going to his enslaver. One of ten children born on a plantation in Virginia, Lizzie was abducted and trafficked away from her family and siblings and tried with | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.7 | 0.872 | ["interview"] | 512 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132478 | [
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d away from her family and siblings and tried without success to locate her family following the Civil War . [ 8 ] Lizzie was owned by Boling for domestic labor in his home, now the Bolling–Gatewood House . Before the Emancipation Proclamation was issued, both of Wells's parents were enslaved to Boling, and thus Ida was also born enslaved. James Wells built much of the Bolling–Gatewood house, in which Boling lived, and which in March 2002 [ 9 ] became the Ida B. Wells–Barnett Museum. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.698 | 0.872 | [] | 488 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132510 | [
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002 [ 9 ] became the Ida B. Wells–Barnett Museum. [ 10 ] The Wells family lived elsewhere on the property. Ground plans on display in the Ida B. Wells–Barnett Museum identify shacks behind the house as the residence of the Wells family. After emancipation , James became a trustee of the newly established Shaw University (now Rust College ) in Holly Springs. He refused to vote for Democratic candidates during the period of Reconstruction , became a member of the Loyal League , and was known as a "race man" f | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.7 | 0.884 | ["interview"] | 512 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132543 | [
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the Loyal League , and was known as a "race man" for his involvement in politics and his commitment to the Republican Party . [ 8 ] He founded a successful carpentry business in Holly Springs in 1867, and his wife Lizzie became known as a "famous cook". [ 11 ] Ida B. Wells was one of their eight children, and she enrolled in Shaw University. [ 12 ] In September 1878, both of Ida's parents died during a yellow fever epidemic that also claimed one of her brothers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.693 | 0.878 | [] | 466 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132577 | [
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r epidemic that also claimed one of her brothers. [ 13 ] Wells had been visiting her grandmother's farm near Holly Springs at the time and was spared. Following the funerals of her parents and brother, friends and relatives decided that the five remaining Wells children should be separated and sent to foster homes. Wells resisted this proposition. To keep her younger siblings together as a family, she found work as a teacher in a rural Black elementary school outside Holly Springs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.697 | 0.864 | ["decision_making"] | 486 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132607 | [
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al Black elementary school outside Holly Springs. Her paternal grandmother, Peggy Wells (née Peggy Cheers; 1814–1887), along with other friends and relatives, stayed with her siblings and cared for them during the week while Wells was teaching. [ 14 ] About two years after, Wells's grandmother (Peggy) had a stroke and her sister Eugenia died, Wells and her two youngest sisters moved to Memphis to live with an aunt, Fanny Butler ( née Fanny Wells; 1837–1908), in 1883. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.694 | 0.856 | [] | 471 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132631 | [
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ny Butler ( née Fanny Wells; 1837–1908), in 1883. [ 15 ] Memphis is about 56 miles (90 km) from Holly Springs. Early career and anti-segregation activism [ edit ] Soon after moving to Memphis, Tennessee , Wells was hired in Woodstock by the Shelby County school system. During her summer vacations, she attended summer sessions at Fisk University , a historically Black college in Nashville , Tennessee. She also attended LeMoyne–Owen College , a historically Black college in Memphis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.697 | 0.86 | ["career", "interview"] | 485 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132672 | [
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ollege , a historically Black college in Memphis. She held strong political opinions and provoked many people with her views on women's rights. At the age of 24, she wrote: "I will not begin at this late day by doing what my soul abhors; sugaring men, weak deceitful creatures, with flattery to retain them as escorts or to gratify a revenge." [ 16 ] . . . It is with no pleasure that I have dipped my hands in the corruption here exposed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.315 | 0.868 | [] | 442 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132708 | [
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ipped my hands in the corruption here exposed ... Somebody must show that the Afro-American race is more sinned against than sinning, and it seems to have fallen upon me to do so. – Ida B. Wells (1892) [ 2 ] On September 15, 1883, and again on May 4, 1884, a train conductor with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway [ 17 ] [ 18 ] ordered Wells to give up her seat in the first-class ladies car and move to the smoking car, which was already crowded with other passengers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.693 | 0.882 | [] | 467 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132747 | [
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which was already crowded with other passengers. [ 14 ] In 1883, the United States Supreme Court had ruled against the federal Civil Rights Act of 1875 (which had banned racial discrimination in public accommodations). This verdict supported railroad companies that chose to racially segregate their passengers. When Wells refused to give up her seat on September 15, the conductor and two men dragged her out of the car. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.684 | 0.838 | [] | 421 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132775 | [
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conductor and two men dragged her out of the car. Wells gained publicity in Memphis when she wrote a newspaper article for The Living Way , a Black church weekly, about her treatment on the train. In Memphis, she hired an African-American attorney to sue the railroad. When her lawyer was paid off by the railroad, [ 19 ] she hired a white attorney. Wells won her case on December 24, 1884, when the local circuit court granted her a $500 (~$17,498 in 2024) award. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.908 | 0.87 | ["interview"] | 464 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132811 | [
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ourt granted her a $500 (~$17,498 in 2024) award. The railroad company appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court , which reversed the lower court's ruling in 1887. It concluded: "We think it is evident that the purpose of the defendant in error was to harass with a view to this suit, and that her persistence was not in good faith to obtain a comfortable seat for the short ride." [ 20 ] Wells was ordered to pay court costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.685 | 0.858 | ["salary"] | 424 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132845 | [
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de." [ 20 ] Wells was ordered to pay court costs. Her reaction to the higher court's decision revealed her strong convictions on civil rights and religious faith, as she responded: "I felt so disappointed because I had hoped such great things from my suit for my people. ... O God, is there no ... justice in this land for us?" [ 21 ] While continuing to teach elementary school, Wells became increasingly active as a journalist and writer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_B._Wells | Ida B. Wells - Wikipedia | en.wikipedia.org | 0.688 | 0.858 | ["decision_making", "salary"] | 440 | Ida B. Wells | personality | 2025-12-15T18:30:16.132891 | [
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ida-b-wells-agent
This corpus was automatically generated by the Deku Corpus Builder for use in RAG-based AI applications.
Dataset Structure
Each record contains:
text: The content textsource_url: Original source URLsource_title: Title of the source documentsource_domain: Domain of the sourcerelevance_score: Relevance to the subject (0-1)quality_score: Content quality score (0-1)topics: JSON array of detected topicscharacter_count: Length of the textsubject_name: The subject this content relates tosubject_type: "personality" or "topic"extraction_date: When the content was extractedembedding: Pre-computed 384-dimensional embedding vector
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("PhillyMac/Ida_B._Wells_Corpus")
# Access the data
for item in dataset["train"]:
print(item["text"][:100])
Integration with RAG
This dataset is designed to be integrated with existing embedded corpuses. The embeddings use the sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2 model, compatible with FAISS indexing.
License
Content is sourced from public domain and Creative Commons licensed materials.
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Deku Corpus Builder - An automated corpus building system for AI applications.
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